
Securities at Dec. 31, 2019			Gross unrealized
	Amortized cost						Fair value
(in millions)			Gains		Losses
Available-for-sale:
Agency RMBS	$	27,022	$	164	$	143	$	27,043
U.S. Treasury	14,979		472		20		15,431
Sovereign debt/sovereign guaranteed	12,548		109		11		12,646
Agency commercial MBS	9,231		203		17		9,417
Foreign covered bonds	4,189		15		7		4,197
CLOs	4,078		1		16		4,063
Supranational	3,697		18		6		3,709
Foreign government agencies	2,638		7		2		2,643
Non-agency commercial MBS	2,134		46		2		2,178
Other ABS	2,141		7		5		2,143
U.S. government agencies	1,890		61		2		1,949
Non-agency RMBS (a)	1,038		202		7		1,233
State and political subdivisions	1,017		27		—		1,044
Corporate bonds	832		21		—		853
Other debt securities	1		—		—		1
Total securities available-for-sale (b)	$	87,435	$	1,353	$	238	$	88,550
Held-to-maturity:
Agency RMBS	$	27,357	$	292	$	46	$	27,603
U.S. Treasury	3,818		28		3		3,843
Agency commercial MBS	1,326		21		3		1,344
U.S. government agencies	1,023		1		2		1,022
Sovereign debt/sovereign guaranteed	756		31		—		787
Non-agency RMBS	80		4		1		83
Foreign covered bonds	79		—		—		79
Supranational	27		—		—		27
State and political subdivisions	17		—		—		17
Total securities held-to-maturity	$	34,483	$	377	$	55	$	34,805
Total securities	$	121,918	$	1,730	$	293	$	123,355

(a) Includes $640 million that was included in the former Grantor Trust.

(b) Includes gross unrealized gains of $32 million and gross unrealized losses of $65 million recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income related to securities that were transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity. The unrealized gains and losses are primarily related to Agency RMBS and will be amortized into net interest revenue over the contractual lives of the securities.

The following table presents the realized gains, losses and impairments, on a gross basis.


Net securities gains (losses)
(in millions)	3Q20		2Q20		3Q19		YTD20		YTD19
Realized gross gains	$	10	$	16	$	1	$	38	$	18
Realized gross losses	(1)		(7)		(1)		(11)		(10)
Recognized gross impairments	—		—		(1)		—		(1)
Total net securities gains (losses)	$	9	$	9	$	(1)	$	27	$	7

The following table presents pre-tax net securities gains (losses) by type.


Net securities gains (losses)
(in millions)	3Q20		2Q20		3Q19		YTD20		YTD19
Foreign government agencies	$	5	$	2	$	—	$	7	$	—
U.S. Treasury	1		1		—		7		4

Supranational	—		6		—		6		—
Sovereign debt/sovereign guaranteed	1		2		—		3		3
State and political subdivisions	—		—		—		—		2
Other	2		(2)		(1)		4		(2)
Total net securities gains (losses)	$	9	$	9	$	(1)	$	27	$	7

Allowance for credit losses - Securities

In the first quarter of 2020, we adopted new accounting guidance included in ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, on a prospective basis. The allowance for credit losses related to securities was $7 million on Jan. 1, 2020 and $12 million at Sept. 30, 2020. The increase reflects additional credit deterioration in the available-for-sale CLO portfolio. For additional information about the review of securities under previous other-than-temporary impairment guidance, refer to Notes 1 and 4, both Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, in our 2019 Annual Report.

Credit quality indicators - Securities

At Sept. 30, 2020, the gross unrealized losses on the securities portfolio were primarily attributable to an increase in credit spreads from the date of purchase, and for certain securities that were transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity, an increase in interest rates through the date they were transferred. Specifically, $49 million of the unrealized losses at Sept. 30, 2020 and $65 million at Dec. 31, 2019 reflected in the available-for-sale sections of the tables below relate to certain securities (primarily Agency RMBS) that were transferred in prior periods from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity. The unrealized losses will be amortized into net interest revenue over the contractual lives of the securities. The transfer created a new cost basis for the securities. As a result, if these securities have experienced unrealized losses since the date of transfer, the corresponding fair value and unrealized losses would be reflected in the held-to-maturity sections of the following tables. We do not intend to sell these securities, and it is not more likely than not that we will have to sell these securities.

The following table shows the aggregate fair value of available-for-sale securities with a continuous unrealized loss position for less than 12 months and those that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months or more without an allowance for credit losses.


Available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position without an allowance for credit losses at Sept. 30, 2020 (a)	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
	Fair value		Unrealized losses		Fair value		Unrealized losses		Fair value		Unrealized losses
(in millions)
Agency RMBS	$	1,126	$	3	$	2,102	$	52	$	3,228	$	55
U.S. Treasury	1,041		1		—		—		1,041		1
Sovereign debt/sovereign guaranteed	1,069		1		119		—		1,188		1
Agency commercial MBS	566		1		306		2		872		3

Supranational	1,583		1		127		—		1,710		1
CLOs	3,449		31		579		13		4,028		44

U.S. government agencies	99		2		—		—		99		2
Other ABS	675		2		229		2		904		4
Non-agency commercial MBS	358		6		194		4		552		10

Non-agency RMBS (b)	636		3		97		6		733		9
State and political subdivisions	262		4		2		—		264		4
Corporate bonds	173		1		—		—		173		1

Total securities available-for-sale (c)	$	11,037	$	56	$	3,755	$	79	$	14,792	$	135

(a) Includes $370 million of securities with an unrealized loss of greater than $1 million.

(b) Includes $22 million of securities with an unrealized loss of $1 million for less than 12 months and $1 million of securities with an unrealized loss of less than $1 million for 12 months or more that were included in the former Grantor Trust.

(c) Includes gross unrealized losses of $49 million for 12 months or more recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income related to securities that were transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity. The unrealized losses are primarily related to Agency RMBS and will be amortized into net interest revenue over the contractual lives of the securities. There were no gross unrealized losses for less than 12 months.

The following table presents the temporarily impaired securities under the disclosure guidance that existed prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13 and shows the aggregate fair value of available-for-sale securities with a continuous unrealized loss position for less than 12 months and those that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months or more.


Temporarily impaired securities at Dec. 31, 2019	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
(in millions)	Fair value		Unrealized losses		Fair value		Unrealized losses		Fair value		Unrealized losses
Available-for-sale:
Agency RMBS	$	8,373	$	33	$	5,912	$	110	$	14,285	$	143
U.S. Treasury	1,976		16		766		4		2,742		20
Sovereign debt/sovereign guaranteed	4,045		10		225		1		4,270		11
Agency commercial MBS	1,960		12		775		5		2,735		17
Foreign covered bonds	1,009		4		690		3		1,699		7
CLOs	1,066		2		1,499		14		2,565		16
Supranational	1,336		6		360		—		1,696		6
Foreign government agencies	1,706		2		47		—		1,753		2
Non-agency commercial MBS	525		2		45		—		570		2
Other ABS	456		3		305		2		761		5
U.S. government agencies	377		2		—		—		377		2
Non-agency RMBS (a)	101		—		113		7		214		7
State and political subdivisions	—		—		16		—		16		—
Corporate bonds	82		—		21		—		103		—

Total securities available-for-sale (b)	$	23,012	$	92	$	10,774	$	146	$	33,786	$	238

(a) Includes $2 million of securities with an unrealized loss of less than $1 million for less than 12 months and $2 million of securities with an unrealized loss of less than $1 million for 12 months or more that were included in the former Grantor Trust.

(b) Includes gross unrealized losses of $65 million for 12 months or more recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income related to securities that were transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity. The unrealized losses are primarily related to Agency RMBS and will be amortized into net interest revenue over the contractual lives of the securities. There were no gross unrealized losses for less than 12 months.

The following table shows the credit quality of the held-to-maturity securities. We have included certain credit ratings information because the information can indicate the degree of credit risk to which we are exposed. Significant changes in ratings classifications could indicate increased credit risk for us and could be accompanied by a reduction in the fair value of our securities portfolio.


Held-to-maturity securities portfolio at Sept. 30, 2020 (a)					Ratings (b)
			Net unrealized gain								BB+ and lower		A1+/A2/SP-1+
(dollars in millions)	Amortized cost				AAA/ AA-		A+/ A-		BBB+/ BBB-						Not rated
Agency RMBS	$	37,086	$	1,107	100	%	—	%	—	%	—	%	—	%	—	%
U.S. Treasury	3,288		103		100		—		—		—		—		—
U.S. government agencies	2,266		1		100		—		—		—		—		—
Agency commercial MBS	2,041		107		100		—		—		—		—		—
Sovereign debt/sovereign guaranteed (c)	983		41		100		—		—		—		—		—
Commercial paper/CDs	295		—		—		—		—		—		100		—

Non-agency RMBS	70		2		39		46		2		12		—		1
Supranational	52		1		100		—		—		—		—		—
State and political subdivisions	15		—		6		2		6		—		—		86

Total held-to-maturity securities	$	46,096	$	1,362	99	%	—	%	—	%	—	%	1	%	—	%

(a) In the first quarter of 2020, we adopted new accounting guidance included in ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, on a prospective basis. See Note 2 for additional information.

(b) Represents ratings by Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) or the equivalent.

Maturity distribution

The following table shows the maturity distribution by carrying amount and yield (on a tax equivalent basis) of our securities portfolio.


Maturity distribution and yields on securities at Sept. 30, 2020	U.S. Treasury				U.S. government agencies				State and political subdivisions				Other bonds, notes and debentures				Mortgage/ asset-backed
(dollars in millions)	Amount		Yield (a)		Amount		Yield (a)		Amount		Yield (a)		Amount		Yield (a)		Amount		Yield (a)		Total
Securities available-for-sale:
One year or less	$	4,405	1.11	%	$	25	2.55	%	$	549	1.49	%	$	11,186	0.44	%	$	—	—	%	$	16,165
Over 1 through 5 years	10,546		1.28		1,866		0.85		570		3.16		17,769		0.61		—		—		30,751
Over 5 through 10 years	6,517		1.57		1,468		2.51		223		1.88		3,240		0.56		—		—		11,448
Over 10 years	3,265		3.11		119		2.06		348		2.22		233		0.62		—		—		3,965
Mortgage-backed securities	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		39,327		2.18		39,327
Asset-backed securities	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		7,587		1.72		7,587
Total	$	24,733	1.57	%	$	3,478	1.60	%	$	1,690	2.26	%	$	32,428	0.55	%	$	46,914	2.10	%	$	109,243
Securities held-to-maturity:
One year or less	$	785	1.43	%	$	—	—	%	$	—	—	%	$	307	1.99	%	$	—	—	%	$	1,092
Over 1 through 5 years	2,503		1.90		1,253		0.82		2		5.66		946		0.67		—		—		4,704
Over 5 through 10 years	—		—		564		1.13		—		—		32		0.92		—		—		596
Over 10 years	—		—		449		2.28		13		4.76		45		0.35		—		—		507
Mortgage-backed securities	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		39,197		2.57		39,197
Total	$	3,288	1.79	%	$	2,266	1.19	%	$	15	4.91	%	$	1,330	0.96	%	$	39,197	2.57	%	$	46,096

(a)Yields are based upon the amortized cost of securities.

Pledged assets

At Sept. 30, 2020, BNY Mellon had pledged assets of $141 billion, including $108 billion pledged as collateral for potential borrowings at the Federal Reserve Discount Window and $5 billion pledged as collateral for borrowing at the Federal Home Loan Bank. The components of the assets pledged at Sept. 30, 2020 included $123 billion of securities, $11 billion of loans, $6 billion of trading assets and $1 billion of interest-bearing deposits with banks.

If there has been no borrowing at the Federal Reserve Discount Window, the Federal Reserve generally allows banks to freely move assets in and out of their pledged assets account to sell or repledge the assets for other purposes. BNY Mellon regularly moves assets in and out of its pledged assets account at the Federal Reserve.

At Dec. 31, 2019, BNY Mellon had pledged assets of $118 billion, including $80 billion pledged as collateral for potential borrowing at the Federal Reserve Discount Window and $6 billion pledged as collateral for borrowing at the Federal Home Loan Bank. The components of the assets pledged at Dec. 31, 2019 included $98 billion of securities, $13 billion of loans, $7 billion of trading assets and less than $1 billion of interest-bearing deposits with banks.

At Sept. 30, 2020 and Dec. 31, 2019, pledged assets included $23 billion and $29 billion, respectively, for which the recipients were permitted to sell or repledge the assets delivered.

At Sept. 30, 2020, we pledged commercial paper and CDs totaling $295 million as collateral to the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston to secure non-recourse borrowings under the Federal Reserve’s Money Market Mutual Fund Liquidity Facility (“MMLF”) program.

We also obtain securities as collateral, including receipts under resale agreements, securities borrowed, derivative contracts and custody agreements, on terms which permit us to sell or repledge the securities to others. At Sept. 30, 2020 and Dec. 31, 2019, the market value of the securities received that can be sold or repledged was $112 billion and $153 billion, respectively. We routinely sell or repledge these securities through delivery to third parties. As of Sept. 30, 2020 and Dec. 31, 2019, the market value of

securities collateral sold or repledged was $80 billion and $107 billion, respectively.

Restricted cash and securities

Cash and securities may be segregated under federal and other regulations or requirements. At Sept. 30, 2020 and Dec. 31, 2019, cash segregated under federal and other regulations or requirements was $3 billion and $2 billion, respectively. Restricted cash is included in interest-bearing deposits with banks on the consolidated balance sheet. Securities segregated under federal and other regulations or requirements were $4 billion at Sept. 30, 2020 and $1 billion at Dec. 31, 2019. Restricted securities were sourced from securities purchased under resale agreements and are included in federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements on the consolidated balance sheet.