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Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies
2. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies
 
Basis of Presentation

Our Financial Statements include Archrock and its subsidiaries, all of which are wholly owned. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.

We consolidate the financial statements of the Partnership and reflect its operations in our contract operations segment. We control the Partnership through our ownership of its General Partner. Public ownership of the Partnership’s net assets and earnings prior to the Merger is reflected within noncontrolling interest in our Financial Statements.

Our Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP and the rules and regulations of the SEC. The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. Because of the inherent uncertainties in this process, actual future results could differ from those expected as of the reporting date. Management believes that the estimates and assumptions used are reasonable.

Significant Accounting Policies

Cash and Cash Equivalents

We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Revenue Recognition

As a result of our adoption of ASC 606 Revenue on January 1, 2018, revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we are entitled to receive in exchange for those goods or services. Sales and usage-based taxes that are collected from the customer are excluded from revenue.

In our contract operations business, natural gas compression service revenue is recognized over time and revenue associated with billable maintenance on our natural gas compression equipment is recognized at a point in time. The timing of revenue recognition is impacted by contractual provisions for service availability guarantees of our compression assets and re-billable costs associated with moving our compression assets to a customer site. Under previous guidance, contract operations revenue was recognized when earned, which generally occurs monthly when the service is provided under our customer contracts. 

In our aftermarket services business, maintenance, overhaul and reconfiguration services revenue is recognized over time using output or input methods to measure the progress toward complete satisfaction of the performance obligation and revenue from the sale of OTC parts is recognized at a point in time. Under previous guidance, revenue was recognized on a completed contract basis as products were delivered and title was transferred or services were performed for the customer.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents and trade accounts receivable. We believe that the credit risk of our temporary cash investments is minimal because we maintain minimal balances in our cash investment accounts. Trade accounts receivable are due from companies of varying size engaged principally in oil and natural gas activities throughout the U.S. We review the financial condition of customers prior to extending credit and generally do not obtain collateral for trade receivables. Payment terms are on a short-term basis and in accordance with industry practice. We consider this credit risk to be limited due to these companies’ financial resources, the nature of the products and services we provide and the terms of our contract operations customer service agreements.

No customer accounted for more than 10% of our trade accounts receivable balance at December 31, 2019. At December 31, 2018, Anadarko and Williams Partners accounted for 13% and 11%, respectively, of our trade accounts receivable balance.

Outstanding accounts receivable are reviewed regularly for non-payment indicators and allowances for doubtful accounts are recorded based upon management’s estimate of collectibility at each balance sheet date. During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, we recorded bad debt expense of $2.6 million, $1.7 million and $5.1 million, respectively.

Inventory

Inventory consists of parts used for maintenance of natural gas compression equipment. Inventory is stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value using the average cost method.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives as follows:
Compression equipment, facilities and other fleet assets
3 to 30 years
Buildings
20 to 35 years
Transportation and shop equipment
3 to 10 years
Computer hardware and software
3 to 5 years
Other
3 to 10 years


Major improvements that extend the useful life of an asset are capitalized and depreciated over the estimated useful life of the major improvement, up to seven years. Repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred.

Long-Lived Assets

We review long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment and identifiable intangibles that are being amortized, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances, including the removal of compressors from our active fleet, indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. An impairment loss exists when estimated undiscounted cash flows expected from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition are less than its carrying amount. Impairment losses are recognized in the period in which the impairment occurs and represent the excess of the asset carrying value over its fair value. Identifiable intangibles are amortized over the estimated useful life of the asset.

Leases

As a result of our adoption of ASC 842 Leases on January 1, 2019, we recorded an operating lease ROU asset and an operating lease liability on our consolidated balance sheet. Under previous guidance, operating leases were not recorded to the balance sheet. We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception and determine lease classification and recognize ROU assets and liabilities on the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As the discount rate implicit in the lease is rarely readily determinable, we estimate our incremental borrowing rate using information available at commencement date in determining the present value of the lease payments. The lease term includes options to extend when we are reasonably certain to exercise the option. Short-term leases, those with an initial term of 12 months or less, are not recorded on the balance sheet. Variable costs such as our proportionate share of actual costs for utilities, common area maintenance, property taxes and insurance are not included in the lease liability and are recognized in the period in which they are incurred. Operating lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

Our facility leases, of which we are the lessee, contain lease and nonlease components for which we have elected to account for as a single lease component, as the nonlease components are not significant to the total consideration of the contract and separating the nonlease component would have no effect on lease classification. As it relates to our contract operations service agreements, in which we are a lessor, the services nonlease component is predominant over the compression package lease component and therefore recognition of these agreements will continue to follow the ASC 606 Revenue guidance. Under previous guidance, no separation of lease and nonlease component is required, for either lessee or lessor.

Goodwill

The goodwill acquired in connection with the Elite Acquisition represents the excess of consideration transferred over the fair value of the assets and liabilities acquired. We review the carrying amount of our goodwill in the fourth quarter of every year, or whenever indicators of potential impairment exist, to determine if the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, including the applicable goodwill. We perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is impaired. If the fair value is more likely than not impaired, we perform a quantitative impairment test to identify impairment and measure the amount of impairment loss to be recognized, if any.

Our qualitative assessment includes consideration of various events and circumstances and their potential impact to a reporting unit’s fair value, including macroeconomic and industry conditions such as a deterioration in our operating environment and limitations on access to capital and other developments in the equity and credit markets, cost factors that could have a negative effect on earnings and cash flows, relevant entity-specific and reporting unit-specific events and overall financial performance such as declining earnings or cash flows or a sustained decrease in share price.

The quantitative impairment test (i) allocates goodwill and our other assets and liabilities to our reporting units, contract operations and aftermarket services, (ii) calculates the fair value of the reporting units and (iii) determines the impairment loss, if any, as the amount by which the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value (limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit). All of the goodwill recognized in the Elite Acquisition was allocated to our contract operations reporting unit. The fair value of the contract operations reporting unit is calculated using the expected present value of future cash flows method. Significant estimates are made to determine future cash flows including future revenues, costs and capital requirements and the appropriate risk-adjusted discount rate by which to discount the estimated future cash flows.

Our fourth quarter qualitative assessment determined that it was not more likely than not that the fair value of the contract operations reporting unit was less than its carrying amount as of December 31, 2019, and as such, no quantitative impairment test of our goodwill was warranted.

Internal-Use Software

Certain of our contracts have been deemed to be hosting arrangements that are service contracts, including those related to the cloud migration of our ERP system and cloud services for our new mobile workforce, telematics and inventory management tools. Certain costs incurred for the implementation of a hosting arrangement that is a service contract are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the respective contract. Capitalized implementation costs are presented in other assets, the same line item in our consolidated balance sheets that a prepayment of the fees for the associated hosting arrangement would be presented. Amortization expense of the capitalized implementation costs is presented in SG&A, the same line item in our consolidated statements of operations as the expense for fees for the associated hosting arrangement. Amortization begins for each component of the hosting arrangement when the component becomes ready for its intended use.

Income Taxes

We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events included in the financial statements. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial statements and the tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rate on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period of the enactment date.

We record net deferred tax assets to the extent we believe these assets will more likely than not be realized. In making such a determination, we consider all available positive and negative evidence including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies and results of recent operations. If a valuation allowance was previously recorded and we subsequently determined we would be able to realize our deferred tax assets in the future in excess of their net recorded amount, we would make an adjustment to the deferred tax assets’ valuation allowance, which would reduce the provision for income taxes.

We record uncertain tax positions in accordance with the accounting standard on income taxes under a two-step process whereby (1) we determine whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained based on the technical merits of the position and (2) for those tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, we recognize the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority.

Hedging and Use of Derivative Instruments

We use derivative instruments to manage our exposure to fluctuations in the variable interest rate of the Credit Facility and thereby minimize the risks and costs associated with financial activities. We do not use derivative instruments for trading or other speculative purposes. We record interest rate swaps on the balance sheet as either derivative assets or derivative liabilities measured at their fair value. The fair value of our derivatives is based on the income approach (discounted cash flow) using market observable inputs, including LIBOR forward curves. Changes in the fair value of the derivatives designated as cash flow hedges are recognized as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) until the hedged transaction affects earnings. At that time, amounts are reclassified into earnings to interest expense, the same statement of operations line item to which the earnings effect of the hedged item is recorded. To qualify for hedge accounting treatment, we must formally document, designate and assess the effectiveness of the transactions. If the necessary correlation ceases to exist or if the anticipated transaction is no longer probable, we would discontinue hedge accounting and apply mark-to-market accounting. Amounts paid or received from interest rate swap agreements are recorded in interest expense and matched with the cash flows and interest expense of the debt being hedged, resulting in an adjustment to the effective interest rate.