2. Recent Accounting Developments

Accounting Standards Updates Implemented

On January 1, 2017, we adopted Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-09 (“Update 2016-09”), which simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions and had the following impacts to our condensed consolidated financial statements:


•	Update 2016-09 requires that all prospective excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies should be recognized as income tax benefits and expense. Additionally, Update 2016-09 requires that we recognize previously unrecognized excess tax benefits using a modified retrospective approach. As a result, we recorded a $1.2 million cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings.

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Update 2016-09 allows companies to make an accounting policy election to either estimate forfeitures or account for forfeitures as they occur. We have elected to account for forfeitures as they occur which we are required to apply on a modified retrospective basis. As a result, we recorded a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings of $0.2 million to reverse forfeiture estimates on unvested awards.

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Update 2016-09 also reflects the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) decision that cash flows related to excess tax benefits should be classified as cash flows from operating activities on the consolidated statements of cash flows. We adopted this provision on a retrospective basis which resulted in a $0.1 million increase in net cash provided by operating activities and a $0.1 million increase in net cash used in financing activities on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2016.

There were no other material impacts to the condensed consolidated financial statements as a result of adoption of Update 2016-09.

On January 1, 2017, we adopted Accounting Standards Update No. 2015-11 (“Update 2015-11’) which requires us to measure inventory at the lower of cost and net realizable value, which is defined as the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. There was no material impact to the condensed consolidated financial statements as a result of the adoption of this standard.

Accounting Standards Updates Not Yet Implemented

In August 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-15 (“Update 2016-15”) which addresses diversity in practice and simplifies several elements of cash flow classification, including how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. Update 2016-15 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Update 2016-15 will require adoption on a retrospective basis unless it is impracticable to apply, in which case it would be required to apply the amendments prospectively as of the earliest date practicable. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of Update 2016-15 on our consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-13 (“Update 2016-13”) that changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments, including trade and other receivables, held-to-maturity debt securities and loans, and requires entities to use a new forward-looking expected loss model that will result in the earlier recognition of allowance for losses. Update 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and early adoption is permitted. Entities will apply Update 2016-13 provisions as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is adopted. We are currently evaluating the impact of Update 2016-13 on our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02 (“Update 2016-02”) that establishes a right-of-use model that requires a lessee to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. Under the new guidance, lessor accounting is largely unchanged. Update 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. We are currently evaluating the impact of Update 2016-02 on our consolidated financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09 (“Update 2014-09”) that outlines a single comprehensive model for companies to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes the most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Update 2014-09 also requires disclosures enabling users of financial statements to understand the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. Update 2014-09 will be effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within the reporting period. Early adoption is permitted for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Companies may use either a full retrospective or a modified retrospective approach. In March 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-08 (“Update 2016-08”), which clarifies the guidance in Update 2014-09 by providing guidance on recording revenue on a gross basis versus a net basis based on the determination of whether an entity is a principal or an agent when another party is involved in providing goods or services to a customer. In April 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-10 (“Update 2016-10”), clarifying the implementation guidance on identifying performance obligations and the licensing implementation guidance, while retaining the related principles for those areas. Also in April 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-11 (“Update 2016-11”), rescinding certain paragraphs pertaining to accounting for shipping and handling fees and costs and accounting for consideration given by a vendor to a customer. In May 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-12 (“Update 2016-12”), clarifying implementation guidance on a few narrow areas and adds some practical expedients to the guidance. Each of these subsequent updates has the same effective date as Update 2014-09.

We are in the process of assessing our customer contracts, identifying contractual provisions that may result in a change in the timing or the amount of revenue recognized in comparison with current guidance, as well as assessing the enhanced disclosure requirements of the new guidance. Under current guidance we generally recognize revenue when service is provided or products are delivered to the customer. Under the proposed requirements, the nature of some of our contractual provisions may result in a change in the timing of recognition and the need to estimate revenue in some cases. In addition, we are also evaluating expenses that will meet the criteria for capitalization and amortization under the updated guidance. We are still determining the materiality of the impact of these changes on our consolidated financial statements as well as the transition method that we will apply. The impacts noted are not all inclusive of the impacts that adoption of the updates will have on our consolidated financial statements but reflect our current expectations. We anticipate adoption of the updated guidance effective January 1, 2018.