mrin-10q_20200331.htm

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter time period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of May 4, 2020, the registrant had 6,870,000 shares of common stock outstanding.

	At March 31,			At December 31,
	2020			2019*
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	8,583		$	11,134
Restricted cash		972			971
Accounts receivable, net		7,081			8,939
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		3,085			3,522
Total current assets		19,721			24,566
Property and equipment, net		7,306			8,524
Right-of-use assets, operating leases		12,685			7,705
Intangible assets, net		—			95
Other non-current assets		967			1,403
Total assets	$	40,679		$	42,293
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	1,293		$	1,679
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		6,677			9,010
Operating lease liabilities		6,970			3,786
Total current liabilities		14,940			14,475
Operating lease liabilities, non-current		6,865			5,181
Other long-term liabilities		1,276			1,577
Total liabilities		23,081			21,233
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $0.001 par value - 142,857 shares authorized, 6,830 and 6,810 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively		7			7
Additional paid-in capital		299,689			299,263
Accumulated deficit		(281,083	)		(277,112	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(1,015	)		(1,098	)
Total stockholders’ equity		17,598			21,060
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	40,679		$	42,293

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019
Revenues, net	$	8,660		$	13,448
Cost of revenues		5,345			5,811
Gross profit		3,315			7,637
Operating expenses
Sales and marketing		2,312			4,634
Research and development		3,437			4,895
General and administrative		1,981			3,221
Total operating expenses		7,730			12,750
Loss from operations		(4,415	)		(5,113	)
Other income, net		469			540
Loss before provision for income taxes		(3,946	)		(4,573	)
Provision for income taxes		25			33
Net loss		(3,971	)		(4,606	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		83			(71	)
Comprehensive loss	$	(3,888	)	$	(4,677	)
Net loss per share available to common stockholders, basic and diluted (Note 10)	$	(0.58	)	$	(0.77	)
Weighted-average shares used to compute net loss per share available to common stockholders, basic and diluted		6,819			5,945
Stock-based compensation expense is allocated as follows (Note 7):
Cost of revenues	$	94		$	125
Sales and marketing		110			180
Research and development		167			281
General and administrative		75			99
Amortization of intangible assets is allocated as follows:
Cost of revenues		47			234
Sales and marketing		—			64
Research and development		48			234
General and administrative		—			—
Restructuring related expenses are allocated as follows (Note 4):
Cost of revenues		(7	)		6
Sales and marketing		50			157
Research and development		—			—
General and administrative		—			—

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
	Common Stock
	Shares		Par Value		Additional Paid-In Capital			Accumulated Deficit			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total Stockholders' Equity
Balances at December 31, 2019		6,810	$	7	$	299,263		$	(277,112	)	$	(1,098	)	$	21,060
Issuance of common stock from vesting of restricted stock units (Note 7)		20		—		—			—			—			—
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock units		—		—		(20	)		—			—			(20	)
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		446			—			—			446
Net loss		—		—		—			(3,971	)		—			(3,971	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		—		—		—			—			83			83
Balances at March 31, 2020		6,830	$	7	$	299,689		$	(281,083	)	$	(1,015	)	$	17,598

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
	Common Stock
	Shares		Par Value		Additional Paid-In Capital			Accumulated Deficit			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total Stockholders' Equity
Balances at December 31, 2018		5,938	$	6	$	295,116		$	(264,713	)	$	(1,038	)	$	29,371
Issuance of common stock from vesting of restricted stock units (Note 7)		16		—		—			—			—			—
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock units		—		—		(56	)		—			—			(56	)
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		685			—			—			685
Net loss		—		—		—			(4,606	)		—			(4,606	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		—		—		—			—			(71	)		(71	)
Balances at March 31, 2019		5,954	$	6	$	295,745		$	(269,319	)	$	(1,109	)	$	25,323

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019
Operating activities
Net loss	$	(3,971	)	$	(4,606	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation		893			499
Amortization of internally developed software		864			750
Amortization of intangible assets		95			532
Loss on disposals of property and equipment and right-of-use assets		1			14
Amortization of deferred costs to obtain and fulfill contracts		258			364
Unrealized foreign currency losses (gains)		24			(11	)
Stock-based compensation expense related to equity awards		446			685
Provision for bad debts		(144	)		180
Net change in operating leases		(110	)		(116	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		2,032			2,175
Prepaid expenses and other assets		623			(679	)
Accounts payable		(380	)		(424	)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		(2,391	)		(1,079	)
Net cash used in operating activities		(1,760	)		(1,716	)
Investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment		-			(46	)
Capitalization of internally developed software		(540	)		(482	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(540	)		(528	)
Financing activities
Payment of principal on finance lease liabilities		(191	)		(338	)
Employee taxes paid for withheld shares upon equity award settlement		(57	)		(91	)
Proceeds from employee stock purchase plan, net		17			55
Net cash used in financing activities		(231	)		(374	)
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash		(19	)		(19	)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash		(2,550	)		(2,637	)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash
Beginning of period		12,105			11,503
End of period	$	9,555		$	8,866
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities
Purchases of property and equipment recorded in accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	-		$	31

Marin Software Incorporated (the “Company”) was incorporated in Delaware in March 2006. The Company provides enterprise marketing software for advertisers and agencies to integrate, align and amplify their digital advertising spend across the web and mobile devices. Offered as a unified software-as-a-service (“SaaS”) advertising management solution for search, social and eCommerce advertising, the Company’s platform helps digital marketers convert precise audiences, improve financial performance and make better decisions. The Company’s corporate headquarters are located in San Francisco, California, and the Company has additional offices in the following locations: Austin, Chicago, Dublin, London, New York, Paris, Portland and Shanghai.

The Company has incurred significant losses in each fiscal year since its incorporation in 2006, and management expects such losses to continue over the next several years. The Company incurred a net loss of $3,971 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and a net loss of $12,408 for the year ended December 31, 2019. As of March 31, 2020, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $281,083. The Company had cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash of $9,555 as of March 31, 2020. Management expects to incur additional losses and experience negative operating cash flows in the future. The Company’s ability to achieve its business objectives and to continue to meet its obligations is dependent upon maintaining a certain level of liquidity, which could be impacted by several factors, including market conditions and the potential effect of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The recent global outbreak of COVID-19 has disrupted economic markets and the full economic impact, duration and spread of the COVID-19 is uncertain at this time and difficult to predict considering the rapidly evolving landscape. Since mid-March 2020, some of the Company’s customers have reduced the amount of digital advertising spend that they manage using the Company’s products, which has had an adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, and some of the Company’s customers have requested extended payment terms, reduced fees or fee waivers, early contract terminations and other forms of contract relief. Although the Company is pursuing additional sources of liquidity, including additional equity and debt financing, there is no assurance that any additional financing will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. Accordingly, the Company plans to reduce its expenses in 2020 by approximately 30%, which will be achieved through operating and other cost savings including a reduction in personnel costs. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to successfully implement the plans described above.

In May 2020, the Company entered into a loan agreement with Harvest Small Business Finance, LLC as the lender (“Lender”) for a loan in an aggregate principal amount of $3,320 (the “Loan”) pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP”) under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act and implemented by the U.S. Small Business Administration. The Company intends to use the funds provided by the Loan to cover payroll costs and other costs constituting permitted use of proceeds during this time of particular uncertainty.

In March 2019, the Company filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), which was declared effective by the SEC on May 10, 2019, under which it may offer a variety of equity and debt securities, with an aggregate offering price of up to $50,000. As part of that shelf registration, the Company entered into an equity distribution agreement with JMP Securities LLC, or JMP Securities under which it may sell shares of its common stock up to a gross aggregate offering price of $13,000 (Note 5). For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, no shares were sold under the agreement. For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company sold 658 shares of its common stock under this agreement for net proceeds of $1,643. The total amount of cash that may be generated under this equity distribution agreement is uncertain and depends on a variety of factors, including market conditions and the trading price of the Company’s common stock.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and condensed footnotes have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of only normal recurring items, considered necessary for fair statement have been included. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2020, or for other interim periods or future years.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019 is derived from audited financial statements as of that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements.

These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the SEC on March 23, 2020.

The World Health Organization declared in March 2020 that the recent outbreak of the coronavirus disease named COVID-19 constitutes a pandemic. The Company has undertaken measures to protect its employees and customers. There can be no assurance that these measures will be effective, however, or that the Company can adopt them without adversely affecting its business operations. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has created and may continue to create significant uncertainty in global financial markets, which may decrease technology spending, depress demand for the Company’s platform and harm the Company’s business and results of operations. As of the date of issuance of these condensed consolidated financial statements, the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic may impact the Company’s financial condition, liquidity, or results of operations is uncertain. The Company is not aware of any specific event or circumstance that would require it to update its estimates, judgments or revise the carrying value of its assets or liabilities. These estimates may change, as new events occur and additional information is obtained, and are recognized in the consolidated financial statements as soon as they become known. Actual results could differ from those estimates and any such differences may be material to the Company’s financial statements.

The Company’s financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses are carried at amounts that approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of those instruments. Based on borrowing rates available to the Company for loans with similar terms and maturities and in consideration of the Company’s credit risk profile, the carrying value of outstanding lease liabilities approximates fair value as well.

The allowance for doubtful accounts reflects the Company’s best estimate of probable losses inherent in the Company’s receivables portfolio based on historical experience, specific allowances for known troubled accounts and other available information. The Company does not require collateral from its customers, and it performs a regular review of its customers’ payment histories and associated credit risks. Certain contracts with advertising agencies contain sequential liability provisions, whereby the agency does not have an obligation to pay the Company until payment is received from the agency’s customers. In these circumstances, the Company evaluates the credit worthiness of the agency’s customers in addition to the agency itself. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company recorded an allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,376 and $1,559, respectively.

From time to time, the Company provides credits to customers that typically relate to customer disputes or billing adjustments and are recorded as a reduction of revenue. Reserves for these revenue credits are accounted for as variable consideration under authoritative revenue recognition guidance (see Note 2) and are estimated based on historical credit activity. As of March 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019, the Company recorded an allowance for potential customer credits in the amount of $438 and $319, respectively.

The Company evaluates goodwill for impairment annually in the fourth quarter of its fiscal year, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill may be impaired. For the purposes of impairment testing, the Company has determined that it has one reporting unit. The Company performs its goodwill impairment test using the simplified method, whereby the fair value of the reporting unit is compared to its carrying value. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the net assets assigned to that reporting unit, goodwill is not considered impaired. If the carrying value of the net assets assigned to the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, the goodwill is considered impaired by an amount equal to that difference. In November 2019, the Company performed a goodwill impairment assessment and recorded an impairment of goodwill of $1,910, reducing the goodwill balance to zero.

The Company evaluates long-lived assets, excluding goodwill, for potential impairment whenever adverse events or changes in circumstances or business climate indicate that the expected undiscounted future cash flows related to such long-lived assets may not be sufficient to support the net book value of such assets. An impairment loss is recognized only if the carrying value of a long-lived asset or asset group is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. The carrying value of a long-lived asset or asset group is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. There were no such impairment losses recorded in any of the periods presented.

The Company generates revenues principally from subscriptions either directly with advertisers or with advertising agencies to its platform for the management of search, social and eCommerce. The Company also generates revenues from strategic agreements with certain leading publishers. Under the subscription agreements, the Company receives consideration based on the advertising spend that customers manage on its platform. Revenues are recognized when control of these services is transferred to the Company’s customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those services.

In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, (“FASB”), issued Accounting Standards Update, (“ASU, 2018-13”), Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), which is designed to improve the effectiveness of disclosures related to fair value measurements. The Company adopted ASU 2018-13 on January 1, 2020, which did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other – Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 35-40), which aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The Company adopted ASU 2018-15 on January 1, 2020, which did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses – Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (Topic 326), which changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other financial instruments to require the use of a new forward-looking “expected loss” model that will generally result in earlier recognition of allowances for losses. This ASU will also require disclosure of more information related to these items. As the Company meets the SEC’s definition of a “smaller reporting company”, ASU 2016-13 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022 and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes – Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which simplifies the accounting for income taxes by clarifying and amending existing guidance related to the recognition of franchise tax, the evaluation of a step-up in the tax basis of goodwill and the effects of enacted changes in tax laws or rates in the effective tax rate computation, among other clarifications. ASU 2019-12 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.

The Company generates its revenues principally from subscriptions, either directly with advertisers or with advertising agencies, to its platform for the management of search, social, eCommerce and display advertising. It also generates a portion of its revenues from long-term strategic agreements with certain leading publishers. Revenues are recognized when control of these services is transferred to the Company’s customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those services. The Company determines revenue recognition through the following steps:

The Company’s subscription contracts provide advertisers with access to the Company’s advertising management platform. Advertisers do not have the right to take possession of the software supporting the services at any time. These contracts are generally one year or less in length. The subscription fee under most contracts consists of the greater of a minimum monthly platform fee or variable consideration based on the volume of advertising spend managed through the Company’s platform at the contractual percentage of spend. The variable portion generally includes tiered pricing, whereby the percentage of spend charged decreases as the value of advertising spend increases. The tiered pricing resets monthly and is consistent throughout the contract term. The Company has concluded that this volume-based pricing approach does not constitute a future material right as the pricing tiers are consistent throughout the term of the contract and similar pricing is typically offered to similar classes of customers within the same geographical areas and markets. Certain subscription contracts consist of only a flat monthly platform fee. Subscription fees are generally invoiced on a monthly basis in arrears based on the actual amount of advertising spend managed on the platform. In certain limited circumstances, the Company will invoice an advertiser in advance for the contractual minimum monthly platform fee for a defined future period, which is typically three to 12 months.

The Company’s subscription services comprise a single stand-ready performance obligation satisfied over time as the advertiser simultaneously receives and consumes the benefit from the Company’s performance. This performance obligation constitutes a series of services that are substantially the same in nature and are provided over time using the same measure of progress. Revenues derived from these arrangements are recognized over time using an output method based upon the passage of time as this provides a faithful depiction of the pattern of transfer of control. Fixed minimum monthly platform fees are recognized ratably over the contract term as the single performance obligation is satisfied. Variable fees are allocated to the distinct month of the series in which they are earned because the terms of the variable payments relate specifically to the outcome from transferring the distinct time increment (month) of service and because such amounts reflect the fees to which the Company expects to be entitled for providing access to the advertising management platform for that period, consistent with the allocation objective of authoritative revenue guidance under Accounting Standards Codification 606 (“ASC 606”).

Expected future revenues for subscription services related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) as of March 31, 2020 were as follows:

The Company applies the optional exemption under ASC 606 and does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations on subscription contracts with an original term of one year or less. The amounts disclosed above as remaining performance obligations consist primarily of fixed or monthly minimum fees under contracts with an original expected duration of greater than one year. The amounts exclude estimates of variable consideration such as volume-based contracts, as well as anticipated renewals of contracts.

The Company has entered into long-term strategic agreements with certain leading search publishers. Under these strategic agreements, the Company receives consideration based on a percentage of the search advertising spend that its customers manage on its platform. These strategic agreements are generally billed on a quarterly basis.

The majority of the Company’s strategic agreement revenue is concentrated in one revenue share agreement, executed with Google in December 2018, with an effective date of October 1, 2018 (the “Google Revenue Share Agreement”). Under the Google Revenue Share Agreement, which constitutes a single performance obligation, the Company receives both fixed and variable revenue share payments based on a percentage of the search advertising spend that is managed through the Company’s platform. The Google Revenue Share Agreement requires the Company to reinvest a specified percentage of these revenue share payments in its search technology platform to drive innovation. The performance obligation is expected to be satisfied ratably over the two-year contractual term using the output method based upon the passage of time, as Google simultaneously receives and consumes the benefit from the Company’s performance, which provides a faithful depiction of the pattern of transfer of control. The Google Revenue Share Agreement has a three-year term; however, until March 2020, when the Company and Google executed the first amendment to the original agreement (the “First Amendment”), Google could terminate the Google Revenue Share Agreement after two years, with no penalty if the Company did not meet certain financial metrics. Accordingly, the Company accounted for the Google Revenue Share Agreement as a two-year agreement with one optional renewal year. The revenue impact of the third year is being accounted for prospectively as of the execution of the First Amendment in March 2020.

The Company evaluates the total amount of variable revenue share payments expected to be earned from the Google Revenue Share Agreement using the expected value method, as it believes this method represents the most appropriate estimate for this consideration, based on historical service trends, the individual contract considerations and the Company’s best judgment. The Company includes estimates of variable consideration in revenues only to the extent that it believes it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized $2,283 and $2,921, respectively, in revenues from the Google Revenue Share Agreement. As of March 31, 2020, the Company expects to recognize revenues totaling approximately $6,849 for the remaining nine months of 2020, and $9,132 for the year ending December 31, 2020, related to remaining performance obligations under the Google Revenue Share Agreement.

Revenues by geographic area, based on the billing location of the customer, were as follows for the periods presented:

Revenues by nature of services performed were as follows for the periods presented:

The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoice amount, net of any allowances for doubtful accounts and revenue credits. A receivable is recognized in the period the Company provides the underlying services or when the right to consideration is unconditional. The balances of accounts receivable, net of the allowances for doubtful accounts and revenue credits, as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are presented in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Included in the balance of accounts receivable, net as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was $2,300 and $3,101, respectively, related to the Google Revenue Share Agreement, which represented 32% and 35%, respectively, of accounts receivable, net.

In certain situations, the Company receives cash payments from customers in advance of its performance of the underlying services. These advances from customers are included within accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Under the terms of service of the Company’s former Perfect Audience business, which was divested in November 2019, individual customer advances that were not used by the customer for a period of 180 days become the property of the Company. The Company recognized advances from customers that had remained outstanding for this period of time as breakage revenues at the time the Company has received full consideration and has no remaining obligations to the customer. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized $0 and $59 in breakage revenues, respectively.

Due to the timing of revenue recognition under the Google Revenue Share Agreement, the contractual billings exceed revenue recognized to date, resulting in a contract liability. As March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company recorded deferred strategic agreement revenues of $2,199 and $2,182, respectively, within accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The Company capitalizes certain contract acquisition costs, consisting primarily of commissions and related payroll taxes, when customer contracts are signed. The Company also capitalizes certain contract fulfillment costs, consisting primarily of the portion of the payroll and fringe benefits of the Company’s professional services team that relates directly to performing on-boarding and integration services for new and existing customers (collectively, “deferred costs to obtain and fulfill contracts”).

The deferred costs to obtain and fulfill contracts are amortized over the expected period of benefit, which the Company has determined to be approximately 30 months. This expected period of benefit takes into consideration the duration of the Company’s customer contracts, historical contract renewal rates, the underlying technology and other factors. Amortization expense for deferred costs to obtain and fulfill contracts is included in sales and marketing expense and cost of sales, respectively, on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.

The Company classifies deferred costs to obtain and fulfill contracts as current or non-current based on the timing of when the related amortization expense is expected to be recognized. The current portion of these deferred costs is included in prepaid expenses and other current assets, while the non-current portion is included in other non-current assets on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Changes in the balances of deferred costs to obtain and fulfill contracts during the three months ended March 31,2020 were as follows:

The following table shows the components of property and equipment as of the dates presented:

		March 31,			December 31,
	Estimated Useful Life	2020			2019
Software, including internally developed software	3 years	$	28,514		$	27,974
Computer equipment	3 to 4 years		22,360			22,424
Finance lease ROU assets	Shorter of useful life or lease term		5,067			5,067
Leasehold improvements	Shorter of useful life or lease term		4,631			4,631
Office equipment, furniture and fixtures	3 to 5 years		1,986			1,986
Total property and equipment			62,558			62,082
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization			(55,252	)		(53,558	)
Property and equipment, net		$	7,306		$	8,524

Finance lease ROU assets consist of computer equipment. Depreciation and amortization of internally developed software for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was $1,757 and $1,249, respectively.

The following table shows the components of accrued expenses and other current liabilities as of the dates presented:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Accrued salary and payroll-related expenses	$	1,540	$	3,204
Deferred strategic agreement revenues		2,199		2,182
Accrued liabilities		426		1,165
Income taxes payable		458		480
Finance lease liabilities		422		601
Advanced billings		399		376
Sales and use tax payable		—		9
Other		1,233		993
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	6,677	$	9,010

During the three months ended December 31, 2019, the Company initiated an organizational restructuring plan (the “2019 Restructuring Plan”) designed to reduce operating expenses in response to declines in revenues. The 2019 Restructuring Plan included a headcount reduction of approximately 6% of the Company’s workforce and the closure of certain leased facilities. Actions pursuant to the 2019 Restructuring Plan were substantially complete as of December 31, 2019, and further costs associated with this plan are not expected to be material in future periods.

In January 2018, the Company initiated an organizational restructuring plan (the “2018 Restructuring Plan”) designed to reduce operating expenses in response to declines in revenues. The 2018 Restructuring Plan included a headcount reduction of approximately 13% of the Company’s workforce, the closure of certain leased facilities and the consolidation of space in the Company’s San Francisco headquarters. Actions pursuant to the 2018 Restructuring Plan were substantially complete as of March 31, 2019, and further costs associated with this plan are not expected to be material in future periods. The Company initiated certain other organizational restructuring plans during 2018 that also aimed to reduce operating expenses and primarily consisted of further headcount reductions.

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company recorded $43 of restructuring-related expenses in connection with the 2019 Restructuring Plan in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company recorded $163 of restructuring-related expenses in connection with the 2018 Restructuring Plan, as well as other organizational restructuring plans, in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.

On March 14, 2019, the Company filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC, which was declared effective by the SEC on May 10, 2019 and enables the Company to offer its common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, subscription rights and units having an aggregate offering price of up to $50,000. As part of this shelf registration, the Company entered into an equity distribution agreement with JMP Securities, pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell shares of its common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $13,000 through an at-the-market offering program administered by JMP Securities. The Company is not required to sell any securities under this offering program. JMP Securities is entitled to compensation of up to 5.0% of the gross proceeds from sales of the Company’s common stock pursuant to the equity distribution agreement.

No shares were sold under this equity distribution agreement for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company sold 658 shares of its common stock under this equity distribution agreement and received proceeds of $1,643, net of offering costs of $210, at a weighted average sales price of $2.82 per share. The amount of any future proceeds that may be realized from this equity distribution agreement depends on a variety of factors, including market conditions and the price of the Company’s common stock. As of March 31, 2020, the Company had common stock with an aggregate offering price of up to $11,147 available for issuance under the equity distribution agreement.

In April 2006, the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) adopted and the stockholders approved the 2006 Stock Option Plan (“2006 Plan”), which provided for the grant of incentive and non-statutory stock options. In February 2013 the Board adopted and the stockholders approved the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (“2013 Plan”), which became effective on March 21, 2013. At that time, the Company ceased to grant equity awards under the 2006 Plan. Under the 2013 Plan, 643 shares of common stock were originally reserved for issuance. Additionally, all reserved and unissued shares under the 2006 Plan are eligible for issuance under the 2013 Plan. The 2013 Plan authorizes the award of incentive and non-statutory stock options, restricted stock awards, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance awards and stock bonuses to the Company’s employees, directors, consultants, independent contractors and advisors. On January 1 of each calendar year through 2023, the number of shares of common stock reserved under the 2013 Plan will automatically increase by an amount equal to 5% of the total outstanding shares as of the immediately preceding December 31, or such lesser number of shares as determined by the Board. Pursuant to terms of the 2013 Plan, the shares available for issuance increased by 341 shares of common stock on January 1, 2020. As of March 31, 2020, 1,131 shares of common stock were available for future grants under the 2013 Plan.

A summary of stock option activity under the 2006 Plan and 2013 Plan is as follows:

	Options Outstanding
	Number of Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in Years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Balances at December 31, 2019		500		$	23.38		5.77	$	—
Options forfeited and cancelled		(57	)		13.24		—		—
Balances at March 31, 2020		443			24.69		6.23		—
Options exercisable		309			33.39		5.03		—
Options vested		309			33.39		5.03		—
Options vested and expected to vest		432			25.17		6.17		—

In February 2013, the Board and stockholders approved the 2013 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“2013 ESPP”), under which 143 shares of common stock were originally reserved for issuance. The 2013 ESPP became effective on March 22, 2013. The 2013 ESPP generally provides for six-month purchase periods and the purchase price for shares of common stock purchased under the 2013 ESPP is 85% of the lesser of the fair market value of the common stock on (1) the first trading day of the applicable offering period and (2) the last trading day of each purchase period in the applicable offering period. On January 1 of each calendar year following the first offering date, the number of shares reserved under the 2013 ESPP automatically increases by an amount equal to 1% of the total outstanding shares as of immediately preceding December 31, but not to exceed 100 shares. Pursuant to terms of the 2013 ESPP, the shares available for issuance increased by 68 shares on January 1, 2020. As of March 31, 2020, 206 shares were reserved for issuance under the 2013 ESPP. During the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, zero shares were issued under the 2013 ESPP.

For stock-based awards granted by the Company, stock-based compensation expense is measured at grant date based on the fair value of the award and is expensed over the requisite service period. The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense of $446 and $685 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to estimate the fair value of options. This model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions including the expected volatility, risk-free interest rate and the expected life of options. There were no stock options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

The Company estimates the expected volatility of its common stock and expected life of its stock options based on its own historical experience. The expected volatility reflects the actual historical volatility of the price of the Company’s common stock since it began trading publicly in March 2013. The expected life represents the period of time that stock options are expected to be outstanding, based on historical exercise and employee departure behavior. The Company has no history or expectation of paying cash dividends on its common stock. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield for a term consistent with the expected life of the options in effect at the time of grant.

There were no exercises of stock options during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

Compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, is recognized ratably over the requisite service period. As of March 31, 2020, there was $183 of unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.6 years.

As of March 31, 2020, there was $3,126 of unrecognized compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, related to RSUs, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.3 years. The Company uses the fair market value of the underlying common stock on the dates of grant to determine the fair value of RSUs.

The Company estimates the fair value of purchase rights under the 2013 ESPP using the Black-Scholes valuation model. The fair value of each purchase right under the 2013 ESPP is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model and the straight-line attribution approach with assumptions substantially similar to those used for the valuation of stock option awards, with the exception of the expected life. The expected life is estimated to be six months, which is consistent with the purchase periods under the 2013 ESPP.

The Company evaluates new contractual arrangements at inception to determine if the contract is or contains a lease. For any contracts that are or contain a lease, the Company determines the appropriate classification of each identified lease as operating or finance. For all identified leases, the Company records the related lease liabilities and ROU assets based on the future minimum lease payments over the lease term, which only includes options to renew the lease if it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. For leases with original terms of twelve months or less, the Company recognizes the lease expense as incurred and does not recognize lease liabilities and ROU assets. The Company has operating leases for corporate offices worldwide and for space at a data center. Additionally, the Company leases computer equipment through various finance leases.

Lease liabilities are measured based on the future minimum lease payments discounted over the lease term. The Company uses the discount rate implicit in the lease whenever that rate is readily determinable. For leases where no such rate is determinable, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate, or the rate of interest that Company would have to pay to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments, on a collateralized basis over a similar term and in a similar economic environment. As of March 31, 2020, the weighted-average rate used in discounting the lease liabilities for ROU operating and finance leases was 6.4% and 6.0%, respectively. Current and non-current operating lease liabilities are presented on the condensed consolidated balance sheet, while current finance lease liabilities are included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and non-current finance lease liabilities are included in other long-term liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

ROU assets are measured based on the associated lease liabilities, adjusted for any lease incentives such as tenant improvement allowances. ROU assets for operating leases are presented as non-current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet, while ROU assets for finance leases are included within property and equipment, net. For operating leases, the Company recognizes the expense for lease payments on straight-line basis over the lease term. As of March 31, 2020, the weighted-average remaining lease term for ROU operating and finance leases was 2.0 years and 0.5 years, respectively.

As of March 31, 2020, the Company had net operating lease ROU assets of $12,685. Operating lease costs, consisting primarily of rental expense, were approximately $1,931 and $1,996, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. Variable rent expense was not significant for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. In January 2020, the Company executed renewal service orders with a third-party data center. In February 2019, the Company executed a new lease agreement for office space in Paris and exited its prior office space shortly thereafter. There were no material costs incurred associated with that exit. As part of the new lease, the Company was required to enter into an irrevocable $109 letter of credit. The cash used to secure the letter of credit has been classified as restricted cash on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet.

At various dates between August 2015 and October 2016, the Company entered into finance lease arrangements with two separate manufacturers for computer equipment. These finance leases are collateralized by the underlying computer equipment. As of March 31, 2020, the Company had net finance lease ROU assets of $497. Finance lease ROU assets are included in property and equipment on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Interest expense associated with finance leases is included within other income, net, on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. Finance lease costs for the three months ended March 31, 2020 consisted of $170 in depreciation of the leased assets and $7 in interest expense. Finance lease costs for the three months ended March 31,2019 consisted of $178 in depreciation of the leased assets and $24 in interest expense.

The maturities of operating lease and finance lease liabilities as March 31, 2020 are as follows:

	Operating Leases			Finance Leases
2020 (remaining nine months)	$	5,769		$	419
2021		7,093			11
2022		1,844			—
2023		—			—
Total lease payments		14,706			430
Less: Amount representing imputed interest		(871	)		(8	)
Present value of lease liabilities		13,835			422
Less: Current portion of lease liabilities		(6,970	)		(422	)
Non-current portion of lease liabilities	$	6,865		$	—

The operating lease ROU asset obtained relates to the Las Vegas colocation service orders executed in January 2020, as well as a new Austin office lease executed in January 2020.

The Company subleases portions of its San Francisco and Portland office spaces. In August 2018, the Company entered into agreements to (a) extend its existing sublease for a portion of its San Francisco office space through July 2022, and (b) sublease an additional 14,380 square feet of its San Francisco office space to an unrelated third party through July 2020. The Company’s sublease for its Portland office space is with an unrelated third party and expires in May 2020. Income from these sublease agreements is included in other income, net, on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. Sublease income for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was $570 and $570, respectively.

Future minimum amounts due under subleases as of March 31, 2020 were as follows:

The Company’s quarterly provision for income taxes is based on an estimated effective annual income tax rate, and it also includes the tax impact of certain unusual or infrequently occurring items, if any. These may include changes in judgment about valuation allowances and effects of changes in tax laws or rates in the interim period in which they occur.

Income tax provision for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was $25 on pre-tax losses of $3,946. As of March 31, 2020, the income tax rate varies from the federal income tax rate primarily due to valuation allowances in the United States and taxable income generated by the Company’s foreign wholly owned subsidiaries.

The Company reviews the likelihood that it will realize the benefit of its deferred tax assets and, therefore, the need for valuation allowances on a quarterly basis. There is no income tax benefit recognized with respect to losses incurred and no income tax expense recognized with respect to earnings generated in jurisdictions with a valuation allowance. This causes variability in the Company’s effective tax rate. The Company will maintain the valuation allowances until it is more likely than not that the net deferred tax assets will be realized. The CARES Act enacted on March 27, 2020 did not provide an income tax benefit for the Company given the U.S. losses and the full valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets.

Tax positions taken by the Company are subject to audits by multiple tax jurisdictions. The Company believes that it has provided adequate reserves for its uncertain tax positions for all tax years still open for assessment. The Company also believes that it does not have any tax position for which it is not reasonably possible that the total amounts of uncertain tax positions will significantly increase or decrease within the next year. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company did not recognize any material interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions.

In April 2020, the Company became aware of a new interpretation of a non-U.S. tax law relating to withholding taxes on intellectual property taxes. The Company is currently evaluating this law and any related impact to its financial position or results of operations.

Basic net loss per share of common stock is calculated by dividing the net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. Diluted net loss per share of common stock is computed by dividing the net loss using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock, excluding common stock subject to repurchase, and, if dilutive, potential shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Basic and diluted net loss per share is the same for all periods presented, as the impact of all potentially dilutive outstanding securities was anti-dilutive.

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019
Numerator:
Net loss available to common stockholders	$	(3,971	)	$	(4,606	)
Denominator:
Weighted average number of shares, basic and diluted		6,819			5,945
Net loss per share available to common stockholders
Basic and diluted net loss per common share available to common stockholders	$	(0.58	)	$	(0.77	)

The following table presents the potential shares of common stock outstanding that were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share available to common stockholders for the periods presented because including them would have been anti-dilutive:

The Company defines the term “chief operating decision maker” to be the Chief Executive Officer. The Chief Executive Officer reviews the financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. Accordingly, the Company has determined that it operates as a single reporting and operating segment.

From time to time, the Company may be involved in lawsuits, claims, investigations and proceedings, consisting of intellectual property, commercial, employment and other matters, which arise in the ordinary course of business. In accordance with GAAP, the Company records a liability when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. These provisions are reviewed at least quarterly and adjusted to reflect the impact of negotiations, settlements, ruling, advice of legal counsel and other information and events pertaining to a particular case. Litigation is inherently unpredictable. If any unfavorable ruling was to occur in any specific period or if a loss becomes probable and estimable, there exists the possibility of a material adverse impact on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or cash flows. As of March 31, 2020, no material amounts are recorded related to legal proceedings on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet.

The Company enters into standard indemnification agreements in the ordinary course of business. Pursuant to the agreements, each party may indemnify, defend and hold the other party harmless with respect to such claim, suit or proceeding brought against it by a third party alleging that the indemnifying party’s intellectual property infringes upon the intellectual property of the third party, or results from a breach of the indemnifying party’s representations and warranties or covenants, or that results from any acts of negligence or willful misconduct. The term of these indemnification agreements is generally perpetual any time after execution of the agreement. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is unlimited. Historically, the Company has not been obligated to make significant payments for these obligations and no liabilities have been recorded on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2020 and the audited consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019.

The Company also indemnifies its officers and directors for certain events or occurrences, subject to certain limits, while the officer or director is or was serving at the Company’s request in such capacity. The maximum amount of potential future indemnification is unlimited; however, the Company has a directors and officers insurance policy that enables the Company to recover a portion of any future amounts paid. Historically, the Company has not been obligated to make any payments for these obligations and no liabilities have been recorded as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

The Company is subject to claims and assessments from time to time in the ordinary course of business. The Company’s management does not believe that any such matters, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

On April 23, 2020, the Company, entered into an original loan agreement with Harvest Small Business Finance, LLC as the lender (“Lender”) for a loan in an aggregate principal amount of $3,320 (the “Loan”) pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP”) under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act and implemented by the U.S. Small Business Administration. The Loan was originally evidenced by a Note dated effective as of April 22, 2020, but such Note was replaced by a Note with substantially the same terms, but with an updated effective date of May 5, 2020 to account for a delay in disbursement of funds. The Loan matures two years from the date of first disbursement of the Loan, which occurred on May 7, 2020. The Company received the loan proceeds on May 12, 2020. The Loan bears interest at a rate of 1% per annum, with all payments deferred through the six-month anniversary of the date of the Note. Principal and interest are payable monthly commencing on the first day of the next month after the expiration of the initial six-month deferment period and may be prepaid by the Company at any time prior to maturity without penalty. The Company may apply to Lender for forgiveness of amounts due under the Loan, with the amount of potential loan forgiveness to be calculated in accordance with the requirements of the PPP based on payroll costs, any mortgage interest payments, any covered rent payments and any covered utilities payments during the 8-week period beginning on the date of first disbursement of the Loan. The Company intends to use proceeds of the Loan for payroll and other qualifying expenses, but there can be no assurances that any portion of the Loan will be forgiven.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows should be read in conjunction with the (1) unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020, and (2) the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), on March 23, 2020. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. These statements are often identified by the use of words such as “believe,” “may,” “potentially,” “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “project,” “plan,” “predict,” “expect,” “seek” and similar expressions or variations. Such forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results and the timing of certain events to differ materially from future results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those identified herein, and those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors”, set forth in Part II, Item 1A of this Form 10-Q. Except as required by law, we disclaim any obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements.

We are a leading provider of digital marketing solutions for search, social, and eCommerce advertising channels, offered as a unified software-as-a-service, or SaaS, advertising management platform for performance-driven advertisers and agencies. Our platform is an analytics, workflow and optimization solution for marketing professionals, enabling them to effectively manage their digital advertising spend. We market and sell our solutions to advertisers directly and through leading advertising agencies, and our customers collectively manage billions of dollars in advertising spend on our platform globally across a wide range of industries. We believe this makes us one of the largest providers of independent advertising cloud solutions. Our software solution is designed to help our customers:

Our current product lineup consists of MarinOne and our two legacy products, Marin Search and Marin Social.

Advertisers use our platform to create, target and convert precise audiences based on recent buying signals from users’ search, social and eCommerce interactions. Our platform is integrated with leading publishers such as Amazon, Apple, Baidu, Bing, Facebook, Google, Instagram, Pinterest, Twitter, Verizon Media, Yahoo! Japan and Yandex. Additionally, we have integrations with more than 50 leading web analytics and advertisement-serving solutions and key enterprise applications, enabling our customers to more accurately measure the return on investment of their marketing programs.

Our software platform serves as an integration point for advertising performance, sales and revenue data, allowing advertisers to connect the dots between advertising spend and revenue outcomes. Through an intuitive interface, we enable our customers to simultaneously run large-scale digital advertising campaigns across multiple publishers and channels, making it easy for marketers to create, publish, modify and optimize campaigns.

Our predictive bid management and optimization technology also allows advertisers to forecast outcomes and optimize campaigns across multiple publishers and channels to achieve their business goals. Our optimization technology can help advertisers increase advertisement spend on those campaigns, publishers and channels that are performing well while reducing investment in those that are not. This category of solutions, which we refer to as cross-channel bid and campaign optimization, helps businesses intelligently and efficiently measure, manage, and optimize their digital advertising spend to achieve desired business results.

In December 2019, the novel coronavirus causing the disease COVID-19 was reported in China and in March 2020 the World Health Organization declared it a pandemic. The extent of the impact of COVID-19 on our operational and financial performance will depend on certain developments, including the duration and spread of the pandemic, impact on our customers and our sales cycles, and impact on our employees, all of which are uncertain and cannot be predicted. At this time, the extent to which COVID-19 may impact our financial condition or results of operations is uncertain. Since mid-March, some of our customers have reduced the amount of digital advertising spend that they manage using our product which has had an adverse effect on our results of operations and some of our customers have requested extended payment terms, reduced fees or fee waivers, early contract terminations and other forms of contract relief. Also, since mid-March most of our employees have not been able to work from our offices and have been working from home, which could cause some disruptions or delays in our business activities, including our product development efforts.

We generate revenues principally from subscription contracts under which we provide advertisers with access to our search, social and eCommerce advertising management platform, either directly or through the advertiser’s relationship with an agency with whom we have a contract. Our subscription contracts are generally one year or less in length. Under subscription contracts with most of our direct advertisers and some independent agencies, we generally charge fees based on the amount of advertising spend that these customers manage through our platform or a contractual minimum monthly platform fee, whichever is greater. Certain of these customers are charged only a fixed monthly platform fee. Most of our subscription contracts with our network agency customers do not include a committed minimum monthly platform fee, and we charge fees based upon the amount of advertising spend that these customers manage through our platform. Due to the nature of the platform and the services performed under the subscription agreements, revenues are typically recognized in the amount billable to the advertiser.

Our long-term strategic agreements have historically included multiple-year terms and are invoiced quarterly. Our largest agreement with Google was entered into in December 2018 with an effective date of October 1, 2018 (the “Google Revenue Share Agreement”) and includes both a fixed baseline amount and a variable portion based on a percentage of relevant advertising search spend above the baseline threshold that runs through our technology platform. The Google Revenue Share Agreement has a three-year term; however, until March 2020, we and Google executed the first amendment to the original agreement (the “First Amendment”), Google could terminate the Google Revenue Share Agreement after two years, with no penalty if we did not meet certain financial metrics. Accordingly, the Company accounted for the Google Revenue Share Agreement as a two-year agreement with one optional renewal year. The revenue impact of the third year is being accounted for prospectively from the date of the First Amendment. Our other long-term strategic agreements are generally variable in nature, based on a percentage of relevant search advertising spend that runs through our technology platform.

Refer to Note 2 of the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion of our revenue recognition considerations.

The majority of our revenues are derived from advertisers based in the United States. Advertisers from outside the United States represented 24% and 25% of total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

Cost of revenues primarily includes personnel costs, consisting of salaries, benefits, bonuses and stock-based compensation expense for employees associated with our cloud infrastructure and global services for implementation and ongoing customer service. Other costs of revenues include fees paid to contractors who supplement our support and data center personnel, expenses related to third-party data centers, depreciation of data center equipment, amortization of internally developed software, amortization of intangible assets and allocated overhead. Incremental cost of revenues associated with our long-term strategic agreements, including our largest agreement with Google, are generally not significant.

In the near term, we expect cost of revenues to continue to decrease year-over-year in absolute dollars as we realign our cost structure with our revenues.

Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel costs, including salaries, benefits, stock-based compensation expense and bonuses, as well as sales commissions and other costs including travel and entertainment, marketing and promotional events, lead generation activities, public relations, marketing activities, professional fees, amortization of intangible assets and allocated overhead. All of these costs are expensed as incurred, except sales commissions and the related payroll taxes, which are capitalized and amortized over the expected period of benefit in accordance with the relevant authoritative accounting guidance (refer to Note 2 of the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements). Our commission plans provide that commission payments to our sales representatives are paid based on the key components of the applicable customer contract, including the minimum or fixed monthly platform fee during the initial contract term.

In the near term, we expect sales and marketing expenses to decrease year-over-year in absolute dollars as we realign our cost structure with our revenues.

Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel costs for our product development and engineering employees and executives, including salaries, benefits, stock-based compensation expense and bonuses. Also included are non-personnel costs such as professional fees payable to third-party development resources, amortization of intangible assets and allocated overhead.

Our research and development efforts are focused on enhancing our software architecture, adding new features and functionality to our platform and improving the efficiency with which we deliver these services to our customers, including the development of MarinOne. In the near term, we expect research and development expenses to decrease year-over-year in absolute dollars as we realign our cost structure with our revenues.

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel costs, including salaries, benefits, stock-based compensation expense and bonuses for our administrative, legal, human resources, finance and accounting employees and executives. Also included are non-personnel costs, such as audit fees, tax services and legal fees, as well as professional fees, insurance and other corporate expenses, including allocated overhead.

In the near term, we expect our general and administrative expenses to decrease year-over-year in absolute dollars as we realign our cost structure with our revenues.

The following table is a summary of our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations for the specified periods and results of operations as a percentage of our revenues for those periods. The period-to-period comparisons of results are not necessarily indicative of results for future periods. Percentage of revenues figures are rounded and therefore may not subtotal exactly.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020							2019
	Amount			% of Revenues				Amount			% of Revenues
	(dollars in thousands)
Revenues, net	$	8,660			100		%	$	13,448			100		%
Cost of revenues (1) (2) (3)		5,345			62				5,811			43
Gross profit		3,315			38				7,637			57
Operating expenses
Sales and marketing (1) (2) (3)		2,312			27				4,634			34
Research and development (1) (2) (3)		3,437			40				4,895			36
General and administrative (1) (2) (3)		1,981			23				3,221			24
Total operating expenses		7,730			89				12,750			95
Loss from operations		(4,415	)		(51	)			(5,113	)		(38	)
Other income, net		469			5				540			4
Loss before provision for income taxes		(3,946	)		(46	)			(4,573	)		(34	)
Provision for income taxes		25			—				33			-
Net loss	$	(3,971	)		(46	)	%	$	(4,606	)		(34	)	%

Adjusted EBITDA is a financial measure not calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”). We define Adjusted EBITDA as net loss, adjusted for stock-based compensation expense, depreciation, the amortization of internally developed software, intangible assets, the capitalization of internally developed software, the impairment of goodwill and long-lived assets, interest expense, net, the benefit from or provision for income taxes, other income or expenses, net and the non-recurring costs or gains associated with acquisitions, divestitures and restructurings. Adjusted EBITDA for prior periods has been adjusted to conform to current period presentation. Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as an alternative to net loss, operating loss or any other measure of financial performance calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. We prepare Adjusted EBITDA to eliminate the impact of items that we do not consider indicative of our core operating performance. Investors are encouraged to evaluate these adjustments and the reasons we consider them appropriate.

We believe Adjusted EBITDA is useful to investors in evaluating our operating performance for the following reasons:

We understand that although Adjusted EBITDA is widely used by investors and securities analysts in their evaluations of companies, it has limitations as an analytical tool, and investors should not consider it in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results of operations as reported under GAAP. These limitations include:

The following table presents a reconciliation of net loss, the most comparable GAAP measure, to Adjusted EBITDA for each of the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019
	(in thousands)
Net loss	$	(3,971	)	$	(4,606	)
Depreciation		893			499
Amortization of internally developed software		864			750
Amortization of intangible assets		95			532
Provision for income taxes		25			33
Stock-based compensation expense		446			685
Capitalization of internally developed software		(540	)		(482	)
Restructuring related expenses		43			163
Other income, net		(469	)		(540	)
Adjusted EBITDA	$	(2,614	)	$	(2,966	)

Revenues, net, for the three months ended March 31, 2020 decreased $4.8 million, or 36% as compared to the corresponding period in 2019. During the preceding 12 months, we experienced ongoing customer turnover that was not fully offset by new customer bookings. Additionally, in November 2019, we divested our Perfect Audience business which contributed $0.9 million of revenues, net for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Revenues, net for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 are inclusive of $2.3 million and $2.9 million, respectively, from the Google Revenue Share Agreement as described in Note 2 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, revenues, net from our customers located in the United States represented 76% and 75%, respectively, of total revenues, net. Revenues, net from the Google Revenue Share Agreement accounted for 26% and 22%, respectively, of total revenues, net for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. There were no other customers that accounted for 10% or greater of our revenues, net for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Change
	2020			2019			$			%
	(dollars in thousands)
Cost of revenues	$	5,345		$	5,811		$	(466	)		(8	)	%
Gross profit		3,315			7,637			(4,322	)		(57	)
Gross profit percentage		38	%		57	%

Cost of revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2020 decreased $0.5 million, or 8%, as compared to the corresponding period in 2019. The decrease was primarily driven by a reduction in the number of global services and cloud infrastructure personnel, which for the three months ended March 31, 2020 led to a decrease of $0.3 million in compensation and benefits expense, including stock-based compensation expense, as compared to the same period in 2019. This reduction in headcount also contributed to a decrease in allocated facilities and information technology costs of $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. We also experienced a decrease of $0.3 million in hosting costs during the three months ended March 31, 2020, due to a decline in the usage of our hosted platform from the corresponding period in 2019. Our amortization of intangible assets declined $0.2 million, as certain intangible assets became fully amortized in Q1 2020. These decreases were partially offset by an increase of $0.4 million due to a non-recurring depreciation adjustment and an increase of $0.1 million in the amortization of internally developed software costs, due to the timing of the capitalization of certain internal projects.

Our gross margin decreased to 38% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 as compared to 57% for the corresponding period in 2019. This was primarily due to our revenues, net declining at a faster rate than the corresponding decrease in costs, in part due to the timing of revenue recognition from the Google Revenue Share Agreement.

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Change
	2020			2019			$			%
	(dollars in thousands)
Sales and marketing	$	2,312		$	4,634		$	(2,322	)		(50	)	%
Percent of revenues, net		27	%		34	%

Sales and marketing expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2020 decreased $2.3 million, or 50%, as compared to the corresponding period in 2019. This decrease is primarily due to a reduction in global sales support and marketing headcount, contributing to net decreases of $1.3 million in personnel-related costs and $0.3 million in allocated facilities and information technology costs for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The decrease was also a result of reduced marketing costs of $0.4 million as we eliminated or shifted the timing of certain of our marketing activities. As the majority of our restructuring activities were completed in 2019, we incurred $0.1 million less in restructuring costs for the three months ended March 31, 2020, as compared to the corresponding period in the prior year. Finally, we reduced our travel expense $0.1 million as a result of both the reduction in global sales support and marketing headcount and the travel advisories resulting from COVID-19.

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Change
	2020			2019			$			%
	(dollars in thousands)
Research and development	$	3,437		$	4,895		$	(1,458	)		(30	)	%
Percent of revenues, net		40	%		36	%

Research and development expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2020 decreased $1.5 million, or 30%, as compared to the corresponding period in 2019. The decrease was primarily due to a reduction in the number of full-time research and development personnel, resulting in a decrease of $0.9 million in compensation expense and $0.2 million in allocated facilities and information technology costs as compared to the corresponding period in 2019. Additionally, amortization expense related to our intangible assets declined $0.2 million, as our intangible assets became fully amortized during the three months ended March 31, 2020. Finally, the decrease was further driven by reduced professional fees of $0.1 million as we reduced the number of research and development contractors as compared to the corresponding period in 2019.

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Change
	2020			2019			$			%
	(dollars in thousands)
General and administrative	$	1,981		$	3,221		$	(1,240	)		(38	)	%
Percent of revenues, net		23	%		24	%

General and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2020 decreased $1.2 million, or 38%, as compared to the corresponding period in 2020. Compensation and benefits expense for the three months ended March 31, 2020 decreased by $0.3 million as compared to the corresponding period in 2020, primarily due to a reduction in headcount. The decrease was also a result of reduced professional services fees of $0.4 million as we reduced the number of contractors and the scope of our activities with consultants and other advisors. The decrease was further driven by a reduction in our provision for bad debts of $0.3 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 we recorded a recovery from bad debts of $0.1 million whereas for the three months ended March 31, 2019 we recorded $0.2 million of additions to the allowance for doubtful accounts.

Other income, net, primarily consists of sublease income recorded under agreements for portions of our San Francisco and our Portland office spaces, with terms through July 2022 and May 2020, respectively, as well as foreign currency transaction gains and losses and interest income and expense. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, we earned sublease income of $0.6 million and $0.6 million, respectively. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses and interest income and expense were not material for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

The provision for income taxes totaled less than $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. This is primarily due to income tax expense from profits earned by our wholly owned foreign subsidiaries.

Since our incorporation in March 2006, we have relied primarily on sales of our capital stock to fund our operating activities. From incorporation until our initial public offering (“IPO”) we raised $105.7 million, net of related issuance costs, in funding through private placements of our preferred stock. In March and April 2013, we raised net proceeds of $109.3 million in our IPO. From time to time, we have also utilized equipment lines and entered into finance lease arrangements to fund capital purchases. As of March 31, 2020, our principal source of liquidity was our unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of $8.6 million. Our primary operating cash requirements include the payment of compensation and related expenses, as well as costs for our facilities and information technology infrastructure.

We maintain a $0.9 million irrevocable letter of credit to secure the non-cancelable lease for our corporate headquarters in San Francisco and a $0.1 million irrevocable letter of credit to secure the non-cancelable lease for our office in Paris. These balances are reflected as restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheets of the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

We maintain cash balances in our foreign subsidiaries. As of March 31, 2020, we had $8.6 million of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents in aggregate, of which $1.3 million was held by our foreign subsidiaries. On December 22, 2017, the United States enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, or the TCJA, which instituted fundamental changes to the taxation of multinational corporations. Among these changes is a mandatory one-time transition tax on the deemed repatriation of the accumulated earnings of certain of our foreign subsidiaries, and a tax on earnings of foreign subsidiaries in excess of a specified return on the subsidiaries' tangible assets, known as the Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income, or GILTI. We completed our analysis of the accounting for the transition tax in the fourth quarter of 2018 and there was no tax due as a result of significant accumulated losses in our foreign subsidiaries. We also determined that no GILTI inclusion would be required in the fourth quarter of 2019, as our foreign subsidiaries have accumulated significant losses. If funds held by our foreign subsidiaries were needed for our U.S. operations, we would be required to accrue U.S. tax liabilities associated with the repatriation of these funds. However, given the amount of our net operating loss carryovers in the United States, such repatriation will most likely not result in material U.S. cash tax payments within the next year. Additionally, we do not believe that foreign withholding taxes associated with repatriating these funds would be material.

On March 14, 2019, we filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC, which was declared effective by the SEC on May 10, 2019, under which we may offer our common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, subscription rights and units having an aggregate offering price of up to $50.0 million. As part of the shelf registration statement, we entered into an equity distribution agreement with JMP Securities LLC, or JMP Securities, under which we may offer and sell shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $13.0 million through an at-the-market offering program administered by JMP Securities. We are not required to sell any of our stock under this program. JMP Securities is entitled to compensation of up to 5.0% of the gross proceeds from sales of our common stock pursuant to the equity distribution agreement. We intend to use any net proceeds from the sale of securities under the equity distribution agreement primarily for working capital and general corporate purposes. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, no shares were sold under the equity distribution agreement. For the year ended December 31, 2019, we sold 658 shares of our common stock under the equity distribution agreement, and received proceeds of $1.6 million, net of offering costs of $0.2 million, at a weighted average sales price of $2.82 per share. The total amount of cash that may be generated under this equity distribution agreement is uncertain and depends on a variety of factors, including market conditions and the price of our common stock. As of March 31, 2020, we had common stock with an aggregate offering price of up to $11.1 million available for issuance under the equity distribution agreement.

We have incurred significant losses in each fiscal year since our incorporation in 2006, and we expect to continue to incur losses and negative cash flows over the next several years. Based on our current and anticipated level of operations, including our internal forecasts and projections, we believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash will be sufficient to fund our operations for at least the next 12 months. Our ability to achieve our business objectives and to continue to meet our obligations is dependent upon maintaining a certain level of liquidity, which could be impacted by several factors, including market conditions and the potential effect of the COVID-19 pandemic. The recent global outbreak of COVID-19 has disrupted economic markets and the full economic impact, duration and spread of COVID-19 is

uncertain at this time and difficult to predict considering the rapidly evolving landscape. Since mid-March 2020, some of our customers have reduced the amount of digital advertising spend that they manage using our products, which has had an adverse effect on our results of operations, and some of our customers have requested extended payment terms, reduced fees or fee waivers, early contract terminations and other forms of contract relief. Although we are pursuing additional sources of liquidity, including additional equity and debt financing, there is no assurance that any additional financing will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. Accordingly, we plan to reduce our expenses in 2020 by approximately 30%, which will be achieved through operating and other cost savings including a reduction in personnel costs. Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon our ability to successfully implement the plans described above.

In May 2020, we entered into a loan agreement with Harvest Small Business Finance, LLC as the lender for a loan in an aggregate principal amount of $3,320 (the “Loan”) pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act. We received the loan proceeds on May 12, 2020. We intend to use the funds provided by the Loan to cover payroll costs and other permitted use of proceeds during this time of particular uncertainty, allowing us to defer certain personnel reductions.

The following table sets forth a summary of our cash flows for the periods indicated:

Cash used in operating activities is primarily influenced by the amount of cash we invest in personnel and infrastructure to support the operation of our business and the fluctuations in the number of advertisers using our platform. Cash provided by or used in operating activities has typically been affected by net losses and further increased by changes in our operating assets and liabilities, particularly in the areas of accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other assets, accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities, adjusted for non-cash expense items such as depreciation, amortization, stock-based compensation expense and deferred income tax benefits.

Cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2020 of $1.8 million was primarily the result of a net loss of $4.0 million, adjusted for non-cash expenses of $2.3 million, primarily consisting of depreciation, amortization, stock-based compensation expense, provision for bad debts and net changes in operating leases, and a $0.1 million net change in working capital items. These items consisted most notably of (1) a decrease in accounts receivable of $2.0 million due to the decrease in revenues and the timing of related collections; (2) a decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets (both current and non-current) of $0.6 million due to the timing of related disbursements; and (3) a decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses and other liabilities (both current and non-current) of $2.8 million due to the timing of related disbursements and customer advances.

Cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2019 of $1.7 million was primarily the result of a net loss of $4.6 million, adjusted for non-cash expenses of $2.9 million, which primarily included depreciation, amortization, stock-based compensation expense, for bad debts and net changes in operating leases. The net change in working capital items was less than $0.1 million consisting most notably of (1) a decrease in accounts receivable of $2.2 million due to the decrease in revenues and the timing of related collections; (2) an increase in prepaid expenses and other assets (both current and non-current) of $0.7 million due to the timing of related disbursements and (3) a decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses and other liabilities (both current and non-current) of $1.5 million due to the timing of related disbursements and customer advances.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020 investing activities primarily consisted of capitalized internally-developed software costs. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 investing activities primarily consisted of purchases of property and equipment, including leasehold improvements, technology hardware and software to support our business, as well as capitalized internally developed software costs. Purchases of property and equipment may vary from period-to-period due to the timing of our operational requirements and the development cycles of our internally-developed hosted software platform. We expect to continue to invest in the development of our software platform for the foreseeable future.

Cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was $0.2 million primarily due to $0.2 million of net repayments under our right-of-use finance lease liabilities.

Cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was $0.4 million. This was primarily due to $0.3 million of net repayments under our right-of-use finance lease liabilities and $0.1 million in employee taxes paid for withheld shares upon the settlement of equity awards, partially offset by $0.1 million of proceeds from net contributions to the 2013 ESPP.

There were no material changes outside the ordinary course of business during the three months ended March 31, 2020 to the contractual obligations and commitments disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year 2019 filed with the SEC on March 23, 2020, under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

During the periods presented, we did not have, nor do we currently have, any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. We are therefore not exposed to any financing, liquidity, market or credit risk that could arise if we had engaged in those types of relationships.

We have no obligations that meet the definition of an off-balance sheet arrangement as of March 31, 2020, other than subleases, as described in the Notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, and the irrevocable letters of credit described in the “Liquidity and Capital Resources” section above.

For information regarding recent accounting pronouncements, refer to Note 1, Summary of Business and Significant Accounting Policies, within our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that can have significant impact on the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. These items are monitored and analyzed by us for changes in facts and circumstances, and material changes in these estimates could occur in the future.

We believe the estimates, assumptions and judgments involved in revenue recognition, accounting for income taxes, reserving for doubtful accounts receivable and impairment assessments of our long-lived assets have the greatest potential impact on our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, and consider these to be our critical accounting policies. Historically, our estimates, assumptions and judgments relative to our critical accounting policies have not differed materially from actual results.

The World Health Organization declared in March 2020 that the recent outbreak of the novel coronavirus causing the disease named COVID-19 constitutes a pandemic. We have undertaken measures to protect our employees and customers. There can be no assurance that these measures will be effective, however, or that we can adopt them without adversely affecting our business operations. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has created and may continue to create significant uncertainty in global financial markets, which may decrease technology spending, depress demand for our platform and harm our business and results of operations. As of the date of issuance of the financial statements, we are not aware of any specific event or circumstance that would require us to update our estimates, judgments or revise the carrying value of our assets or liabilities. These estimates may change, as new events occur and additional information is obtained, and are recognized in the consolidated financial statements as soon as they become known. Actual results could differ from those estimates and any such differences may be material to our financial statements.

There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and significant judgments and estimates, except that we no longer have goodwill or intangible assets requiring assessment of impairment, as compared to the critical accounting policies and significant judgments and estimates as described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year 2019 filed with the SEC on March 23, 2020, under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

We have operations both within the United States and internationally and we are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business. These risks primarily include interest rate, foreign exchange and inflation risks, as well as risks relating to changes in the general economic conditions in the countries where we conduct business. To manage certain of these risks, we monitor the financial condition of our large customers and limit credit exposure by setting credit limits as we deem appropriate. In addition, our investment strategy has been to invest in financial instruments that are highly liquid and readily convertible into cash, with maturity dates within three months from the date of purchase. To date, we have not used derivative instruments to mitigate the impact of our market risk exposures. We have also not used, nor do we intend to use, derivatives for trading or speculative purposes.

We are exposed to market risk related to changes in interest rates. Our investments are considered cash equivalents and primarily consist of money market funds. As of March 31, 2020 we had cash and cash equivalents of $8.6 million. The carrying amount of our cash and cash equivalents reasonably approximates fair value, due to the short maturities of these investments. The primary objectives of our investment activities are the preservation of capital, the fulfillment of liquidity needs and the fiduciary control of cash and investments. We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes. Our investments are exposed to fluctuations in interest rates, which may affect our interest income and the fair market value of our investments. Due to the short-term nature of our investment portfolio, we believe only dramatic fluctuations in interest rates would have a material effect on our investments. As such, we do not expect our operating results or cash flows to be materially affected by a sudden change in market interest rates.

As of March 31, 2020, we had an aggregate of $0.4 million in finance lease liabilities outstanding. These right-of-use finance lease obligations carry fixed interest rates that range from 5.2% to 7.9%. A hypothetical 10% increase or decrease in interest rates relative to our current interest rates would not have a material impact on the fair values of all of our outstanding right-of-use finance lease obligations. Changes in interest rates would, however, affect operating results and cash flows because of the variable rate nature of our obligations. A hypothetical 10% increase or decrease in interest rates relative to interest rates as of March 31, 2020, would result in an insignificant impact to interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

We have foreign currency risks related to our revenues and operating expenses denominated in currencies other than the United States Dollar, primarily the Euro, British Pound Sterling, Singapore Dollar, Japanese Yen, Chinese Yuan and Australian Dollar. Revenues outside of the United States as a percentage of consolidated revenues were 24% and 25%, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. Changes in exchange rates may negatively affect our revenues and other operating results as expressed in U.S. Dollars. Aggregate foreign currency losses included in determining net loss were $0.1 million and less than $0.1 million, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. Transaction gains and losses are included in other income, net, on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.

If our international operations grow, our risks associated with fluctuation in currency rates will become greater, and we will continue to reassess our approach to managing this risk. In addition, currency fluctuations or a weakening U.S. Dollar can increase the costs of our international expansion, while a strengthening U.S. Dollar can negatively impact our international revenues. To date, we have not entered into any foreign currency hedging contracts, and, based on our current international structure, we do not plan on engaging in hedging activities in the near future.

We do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Nonetheless, if our costs were to become subject to significant inflationary pressures, we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs through price increases. Our inability or failure to do so could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), which are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Principal Executive Officer (our Chief Executive Officer) and Principal Financial Officer (our Chief Financial Officer), or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required or necessary disclosures.

Our management, with the participation of our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on that evaluation, our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level as of March 31,2020.

As of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report, our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer did not identify any change in our internal control over financial reporting during the fiscal quarter covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

From time to time, we may become involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business. We are not presently a party to any legal proceedings that, if determined adversely to us, would individually or taken together have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition or cash flows.

Our operations and financial results are subject to various risks and uncertainties, including those described below, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations, cash flows, financial condition and the trading price of our common stock.

The ongoing outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) around the word could adversely impact our business and operating results.

A novel strain of coronavirus causing the disease COVID-19 emerged in China in December 2019 and began to spread globally, including to the United States, in early 2020. The World Health Organization has declared COVID-19 to be a pandemic. The full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is inherently uncertain at the time of this report. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in travel restrictions and in some cases, prohibitions of non-essential activities, disruption and shutdown of businesses and greater uncertainty in global financial markets.

We cannot predict the extent to which the COVID-19 outbreak will impact our business or operating results, which is highly dependent on inherently uncertain future developments, including the severity of COVID-19 and the actions taken by governments and private businesses in relation to COVID-19 containment. In geographies in which we or our customers operate, health concerns as well as political or governmental developments in response to COVID-19 could result in economic, social or labor instability or prolonged contractions in the industries in which our customers operate, slow our sales process, result in customers not purchasing or renewing subscriptions to our platform or failing to make payments, and could otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business and our results of operations and financial condition. Because our platform is offered as a subscription-based service, the effect of the outbreak may not be fully reflected in our operating results until future periods, if at all.

Our ability to accurately forecast our future operating results is limited and subject to a number of uncertainties, including planning for and modeling future growth. We have encountered, and will continue to encounter, risks and uncertainties frequently experienced by growing companies in rapidly changing industries. If our assumptions regarding these risks and uncertainties, which we use to plan our business, are incorrect or change due to industry or market developments, or if we do not address these risks successfully, our operating results could differ materially from our expectations and our business could suffer. Specifically, the COVID-19 pandemic has spread globally and is significantly impacting worldwide economic activity. COVID-19 could result in one or more of the following conditions that could affect us and our customers:

The duration and scope of the pandemic is highly uncertain. We continue to monitor the effect that the COVID-19 outbreak may have, and while it is not possible at this time to estimate the impact that COVID-19 could have on our business, the continued spread of COVID-19, and the measures taken by the governments of countries affected, will likely have an adverse impact on global economic conditions, which could have an adverse effect on our business and financial condition.

We have a history of losses and we may not achieve or sustain profitability in the future.

We have incurred significant losses in each fiscal year since our incorporation in 2006. We experienced a net loss of $12.4 million during 2019, and a net loss of $4.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. As of March 31, 2020, we had an accumulated deficit of $281.1 million. The losses and accumulated deficit were due largely to the substantial investments we made to grow our business and acquire customers. Our cost of revenues and operating expenses could increase in the future due to investments to grow our business, acquire customers and develop our platform and new functionality. These efforts may prove more expensive than we currently anticipate, and we may not succeed in increasing our revenues sufficiently to offset these higher expenses. Many of our efforts to generate revenues from our business are new and unproven, and any failure to increase our revenues or generate revenues from new solutions or to maintain or increase revenues from existing products and customers could prevent us from attaining or increasing profitability. Our revenues have decreased in recent periods, declining from $13.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 to $8.7 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and from $58.6 million in 2018 to $49.0 million in 2019. We do not expect to be profitable in 2020 on the basis of generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or GAAP, and we cannot be certain that we will be able to attain profitability on a quarterly or annual basis, or if we do, that we will sustain profitability.

We expect to continue to incur losses and experience negative cash flows, and we will need to reduce operating expenses, sell additional securities, sell assets or borrow additional funds to continue as a going concern.

We currently operate at a loss and we anticipate that we will continue to have operating losses in the near term. Our business has not generated enough cash flow to fund our sales and marketing activities, research and development initiatives and other business activities. We anticipate that increasing our market share for our current services through sales and marketing efforts, continuing development of new platform features and delivering efficient service to customers will require additional capital and expenditures and will be made more challenging given the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. If we continue to burn cash without a corresponding increase to revenue, we will need to reduce operating expenses through successful cost-cutting measures or seek to sell additional securities, sell assets or borrow additional funds to continue as a going concern. There is no guarantee that we will be able to successfully reduce our operating expenses through successful cost–cutting measures. Further, there is no guarantee that we will be able to issue additional securities or sell assets in future periods or borrow additional funds on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, in order to meet our cash needs. Our ability to raise additional financing is subject to a number of uncertainties, including but not limited to, the market demand for our stock, our financial performance and outlook, the market demand for products and services, negative economic developments, the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and adverse market conditions. Accordingly, we plan to reduce expenses in 2020 by approximately 30%, which will be achieved through operating and other cost savings, including a reduction in personnel costs. Our ability to continue concern is dependent upon our ability to successfully implement the plans described above.

We may require additional capital to support business growth, and this capital might not be available on acceptable terms, if at all.

We intend to continue to make investments to support our business growth and may require additional funds to respond to business challenges, including the need to develop new features or enhance our existing platform, continue the deployment of MarinOne, improve our operating infrastructure or acquire complementary businesses and technologies. Accordingly, we may need to engage in equity or debt financings to secure additional funds. If we raise additional funds through further issuances of equity or convertible debt securities, such as through our equity distribution agreement with JMP Securities LLC, or JMP Securities, which provides for the potential issuance and sale of common stock with an aggregate offering price of up to $13.0 million through an “at-the-market” offering, our existing stockholders could suffer significant dilution, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges superior to those of holders of our common stock. For the year ended December 31, 2019, we sold 658 thousand shares of our common stock under the equity distribution agreement and received proceeds of $1.6 million, net of offering costs of $0.2 million, at a weighted-average sales price of $2.82. However, accessing liquidity through the “at-the-market” offering has been challenging for a number of factors, including market conditions and the price of our common stock. Any debt financing secured by us in the future could involve restrictive covenants relating to our capital raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities, including potential acquisitions. In addition, we may not be able to obtain additional financing on terms favorable to us, if at all. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us, when we require it, our ability to continue to support our business growth and to respond to business challenges could be significantly impaired. In May 2020, we entered into a loan agreement with Harvest Small Business Finance, LLC as the lender for a loan in an aggregate principal amount of $3.3 million pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act.

Our usage-based pricing model makes it difficult to forecast revenues from our current customers and future prospects.

We primarily have a usage-based pricing model in which most of our fees are calculated as a percentage of customers’ advertising spend managed on our platform. This pricing model makes it difficult to accurately forecast revenues because our customers’ advertising spend managed by our platform may vary from month to month based on the variety of industries in which our advertisers operate, the seasonality of those industries and fluctuations in our customers’ advertising budgets or other factors. The market for digital advertising may be adversely affected by adverse market conditions, including the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, which may lead advertisers to reduce the amount of their digital advertising spend. Our subscription contracts with our direct advertiser customers generally contain a minimum monthly platform fee, which is generally greater than one-half of our estimated monthly revenues from the customer at the time the contract is signed, and, as a result, the minimum monthly platform fee may not be a good indicator of our revenues from that customer. In addition, advertisers

that use our platform through our agency customers typically do not have a minimum monthly spend amount or a minimum term during which they must use our platform, and as a result, our ability to forecast revenues from these advertisers is difficult. If we incorrectly forecast revenues for these advertisers and the amount of revenue is less than projections we provide to investors, the price of our common stock could decline substantially. Additionally, if we overestimate usage, we may incur additional expenses in adding infrastructure, without a commensurate increase in revenues, which would harm our gross margins and other operating results.

If the market for digital advertising slows or declines, our business, growth prospects, and financial condition would be adversely affected.

The future growth of our business could be constrained by the level of acceptance and expansion of emerging cloud-based advertising channels, as well as the continued use and growth of existing channels, such as search and social advertising. Even if these channels become widely adopted, advertisers and agencies may not make significant investments in solutions such as ours that help them manage their digital advertising spend across publisher platforms and advertising channels. It is difficult to predict customer adoption rates, customer demand for our platform, the future growth rate and size of the advertising cloud solutions market or the entry of competitive solutions. The market for digital advertising may be adversely affected by adverse market conditions, including the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, which may lead advertisers to reduce the amount of their digital advertising spend. The continued expansion of the market for advertising cloud solutions depends on a number of factors, including the continued growth of the cloud-based advertising market, the growth of social and mobile as advertising channels and the cost, performance and perceived value associated with advertising cloud solutions, as well as the ability of cloud computing companies to address security and privacy concerns. Further, the cloud computing market is less developed in many jurisdictions outside the United States. If we or other cloud computing providers experience security incidents, loss of customer data, disruptions in delivery or other problems, the market for cloud computing as a whole, including our applications, may be negatively affected.

The COVID-19 global pandemic could cause many of our customers to reduce their purchases of our products or to reduce the amount of digital advertising spend that they manage using our products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

The recent global outbreak of COVID-19 has disrupted economic markets and the full economic impact, duration and spread of COVID-19 is uncertain at this time and difficult to predict considering the rapidly evolving landscape. As a result, it is not possible to ascertain the overall impact of COVID-19 on our business. Since mid-March 2020, some of our customers have reduced the amount of digital advertising spend that they manage using our products, which has had an adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, and some of our customers have requested extended payment terms, reduced fees or fee waivers, early contract terminations and other forms of contract relief. Also, since mid-March 2020, most of our employees have not been able to work from our offices and have been working from home, which could cause some disruption or delays in our business activities, including our product development efforts. If the COVID-19 global pandemic continues for an extended period of time or evolves into a more severe worldwide health crisis it could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

We operate in a rapidly developing and changing industry, which makes it difficult to evaluate our current business and future prospects.

We have encountered and will continue to encounter risks and difficulties frequently experienced by companies in rapidly developing and changing industries, including challenges in forecasting accuracy, hiring and retaining qualified employees, determining appropriate investments of our limited resources, market acceptance of our existing and future solutions, effectively integrating acquired products, competition from established companies with greater financial and technical resources, acquiring and retaining customers, managing customer deployments, making improvements to our existing products and developing new solutions. Additionally, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have made these challenges more pronounced. Our current operations infrastructure may require changes in order for us to achieve profitability and scale our operations efficiently. For example, we may need to automate portions of our solution to decrease our costs, ensure our marketing infrastructure is designed to drive highly qualified leads cost effectively and implement changes in our sales model to improve the predictability of our sales and reduce our sales cycle. In addition, from time to time, we may need to make additional investments in product development to address market demands, which may increase our overall expenses and reduce our ability to achieve profitability. If we fail to implement these changes in a timely manner or are unable to implement them due to factors beyond our control, our business may suffer, our revenue may decline and we may not be able to achieve growth or profitability. We cannot be assured that we will be successful in addressing these and other challenges we may face in the future.

We must develop and introduce enhancements and new features that achieve market acceptance or that keep pace with technological developments to remain competitive in our evolving industry.

We operate in a dynamic market characterized by rapidly changing technologies and industry and legal standards. The introduction of new advertising platform solutions by our competitors, the market acceptance of solutions based on new or alternative technologies, or the emergence of new industry standards could render our platform obsolete. Our ability to compete successfully, attract new customers and increase revenues from existing customers depends in large part on our ability to enhance and improve our existing cross-channel, cross-device, enterprise marketing software platform and to continually introduce or acquire new features that are in demand by the market we serve. We also must update our software to reflect changes in publishers’ application programming interfaces, or APIs, and terms of use. We are in the process of deploying our new platform, MarinOne, and the success of this project or any other enhancement or new solution depends on several factors, including timely completion, adequate quality testing, effective migration of existing customers with minimal disruption and appropriate introduction and market acceptance. Any new platform or feature that we develop or acquire may not be introduced in a timely

manner, may contain defects, may be more costly to compete than we anticipate or may not achieve the broad market acceptance necessary to generate significant revenues. If we are unable to complete the upgrade to our software platform infrastructure effectively or in a timely manner, or to anticipate or timely and successfully develop or acquire new offerings or features or enhance our existing platform to meet customer requirements, our business and operating results will be adversely affected.

If we are unable to maintain our relationships with, and access to, publishers, advertising exchange platforms and other platforms that aggregate the supply of advertising inventory, our business will suffer.

We currently depend on relationships with various publishers, including Amazon, Apple, Baidu, Bing, Facebook, Google, Instagram, Pinterest, Twitter, Verizon Media and Yahoo!. Our subscription services interface with these publishers’ platforms through APIs, such as the Google API or Facebook API. We are subject to the respective platforms’ standard API terms and conditions, which govern the use and distribution of data from these platforms. Our business significantly depends on having access to these APIs, particularly the Google API, which the substantial majority of our customers use, on commercially reasonable terms and our business would be harmed if any of these publishers, advertising exchanges or aggregators of advertising inventory discontinues or limits access to their platforms, modifies their terms of use or other policies or place additional restrictions on us as API users, or charges API license fees for API access. Moreover, some of these publishers, such as Google, market competitive solutions for their platforms. Because the advertising inventory suppliers control their APIs, they may develop competitive offerings that are not subject to the limits imposed on us through the API terms and conditions. Currently, restrictions in these API agreements limit our ability to implement certain functionality, require us to implement functionality in a particular manner or require us to implement certain required minimum functionality, causing us to devote development resources to implement certain functionality that we would not otherwise include in our subscription services and to incur costs for personnel to provide services to implement functionality that we are prohibited from automating. Publishers, advertising exchanges and advertising inventory aggregators update their API terms of use from time to time and new versions of these terms could impose additional restrictions on us. In addition, publishers, advertising exchanges and advertising inventory aggregators continually update their APIs and may update or modify functionality, which requires us to modify our software to accommodate these changes and to devote technical resources and personnel to these efforts which could otherwise be used to focus on other priorities. Any of these outcomes could cause demand for our products to decrease, our research and development costs to increase, and our results of operations and financial condition to be harmed.

We have also entered into long-term strategic agreements with certain leading search publishers. Under these strategic agreements, we receive consideration based on a percentage of the search advertising spend that our customers manage on our platform. The majority of our strategic agreement revenue is concentrated in one revenue share agreement, executed with Google in December 2018, with an effective date of October 1, 2018 (the “Google Revenue Share Agreement”). Under the Google Revenue Share Agreement, we receive both fixed and variable revenue share payments based on a percentage of the search advertising spend that is managed through our platform. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 we realized revenues of $2.3 million and for 2019 we realized revenues of $12.2 million from the Google Revenue Share Agreement. The Google Revenue Share Agreement has a three-year term and is scheduled to terminate on September 30, 2021. Our results of operations would be adversely affected if the Google Revenue Share Agreement is terminated, either upon its scheduled termination or otherwise, or adversely modified.

Our growth depends in part on the success of our relationships with advertising agencies and our strategic relationships with third parties.

Our future growth will depend, in part, on our ability to enter into successful relationships with advertising agencies. Identifying agencies and negotiating and documenting relationships with them requires significant time and resources. These relationships may not result in additional customers or enable us to generate significant revenues. Our contracts for these relationships are typically non-exclusive and do not prohibit the agency from working with our competitors or from offering competing services. Frequently, these agencies do in fact work with our competitors and compete with us. In addition, we often work with, or seek to work with, high-profile brands directly. This may not be possible where, for example, those brands obtain advertising services exclusively or primarily from advertising agencies.

We generally bill agencies for their customers’ use of our platform, but in most cases the agency’s customer has no direct contractual commitment to make payment to us. Furthermore, some of these agency contracts include provisions whereby the agency is not liable for making payment to us for our subscription services if the agency does not receive a corresponding payment from its client on whose behalf the subscription services were rendered. These provisions may result in longer collections periods or our inability to collect payment for some of our subscription services. If we are unsuccessful in establishing or maintaining our relationships with these agencies on commercially reasonable terms, or if these relationships are not profitable for us, our ability to compete in the marketplace or to grow our revenues could be impaired and our operating results would suffer.

Our future growth will also depend, in part, on our ability to enter-into and retain successful strategic relationships with third-parties. For example, we are seeking to establish relationships with third parties to develop integrations with complementary technology and content. These relationships may not result in additional customers or enable us to generate significant revenues. For example, we entered into the Google Revenue Share Agreement where we receive both fixed and variable revenue share payments based on a percentage of the search advertising spend that is managed through our platform. Identifying partners and negotiating and documenting relationships with them require significant time and resources. Our contracts for these relationships are typically non-exclusive and do not prohibit the other party from working with our competitors or from offering competing services. If we are unsuccessful in establishing or maintaining our relationships with these third parties, our ability to compete in the marketplace or to grow our revenues could be impaired and our operating results would suffer.

We may not be able to compete successfully against current and future competitors.

The overall market for advertising cloud solutions is rapidly evolving, highly competitive, complex, fragmented, and subject to changing technology and shifting customer needs. We face significant competition in this market and we expect competition to intensify in the future. We currently compete with large, well-established companies, such as Adobe Systems Incorporated and Google Inc., and privately held companies, such as Kenshoo Ltd. We also compete with channel-specific offerings, in-house proprietary tools, tools from publishers and custom solutions, including spreadsheets. Increased competition may result in reduced pricing for our solutions, longer sales cycles or a decrease of our market share, any of which could negatively affect our revenues and future operating results and our ability to grow our business.

A number of competitive factors could cause us to lose potential sales or to sell our solutions at lower prices or at reduced margins, including, among others:

We cannot assure you that we will be able to compete successfully against current and future competitors. If we cannot compete successfully, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be negatively impacted.

Our business depends on our customers’ continued willingness to manage advertising spend on our platform.

In order for us to improve our operating results, it is important that our customers continue to manage their advertising spend on our platform, increase their usage and also purchase additional solutions from us. In the case of our direct advertiser customers, we offer our solutions primarily through subscription contracts and generally bill customers over the related subscription period, which is generally one year or longer. During the term of their contracts, our direct advertiser customers generally have no obligation to maintain or increase their advertising spend on our platform beyond a specified minimum monthly platform fee, which is typically set at the time the contract is signed and is generally greater than half of the monthly amount we anticipate the customer will spend. Our direct advertiser customers generally have no renewal obligation after the initial or then-current renewal subscription period expires, and even if customers renew contracts, they may decrease the level of their digital advertising spend managed through our platform, resulting in lower revenues from that customer. Advertisers that we serve through our arrangements with our advertising agencies generally do not have any contractual commitment to use our platform. Our customers’ usage may decline or fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, including, but not limited to, their satisfaction with our platform and our customer support, the frequency and severity of outages, the pricing of our, or competing, solutions, the effects of global economic conditions and reductions in spending levels or changes in our customers’ strategies regarding digital advertising. We may not be able to accurately predict future usage trends. If our customers renew on less favorable terms or reduce their advertising spend on our platform, our revenues may grow more slowly than expected or decline.

We have incurred indebtedness, which could adversely affect our ability to adjust our business to respond to competitive pressures and to obtain sufficient funds to satisfy our needs.

In April 2020, we entered into an original loan agreement with Harvest Small Business Finance, LLC as the lender for a loan in an aggregate principal amount of $3,320 (the “Loan”) pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act. The Loan was originally evidenced by a note dated effective as of April 22, 2020, but such note was replaced by a note with substantially the same terms, but with an updated effective date of May 5, 2020 to account for a delay in disbursement of funds. The Loan matures two years from the date of first disbursement of the Loan, which occurred on May 7, 2020. The Loan bears interest at a rate of 1% per annum, with all payments deferred through the six-month anniversary of the date of the note evidencing the Loan (the “Note”). Principal and interest are payable monthly commencing on the first day of the next month after the expiration of the initial six-month deferment period and may be prepaid by us at any time prior to maturity without penalty. We may apply to the Lender for forgiveness of amounts due under the Loan, with the amount of potential loan forgiveness to be calculated in accordance with the requirements of the PPP based on payroll costs, any mortgage interest payments, any covered rent payments and any covered utilities payments during the 8-week period beginning on the date of first disbursement of the Loan. The Note specifies various potential defaults, upon the occurrence of which, at the Lender’s option, amounts outstanding under the Note would become immediately due and payable. Any required repayment of our existing indebtedness as a result of a default would reduce our cash on hand such that we would not have those funds available for use in our business, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

We incur upfront costs associated with onboarding advertisers to our platform and may not recoup our investment if we do not maintain the advertiser relationship over time.

Our operating results may be negatively affected if we are unable to recoup our upfront costs for onboarding new advertisers to our platform. Upfront costs when adding new advertisers generally include sales commissions for our sales force, expenses associated with entering customer data into our platform and other implementation-related costs. Because our customers, including direct advertisers and agencies, are billed over the term of the contract, if new customers sign contracts with short initial subscription periods and do not renew their subscriptions, or otherwise do not continue to use our platform to a level that generates revenues in excess of our upfront expenses, our operating results could be negatively impacted. In cases in which the implementation process is particularly complex, the revenues resulting from the customer under our contract may not cover the upfront investment; therefore, if a significant number of these customers do not renew their contracts, it could negatively affect our operating results. In addition, because we capitalize certain upfront costs to obtain and fulfill contracts under authoritative accounting guidance, we could be required to record impairment expense for these upfront costs that are not covered by the underlying revenues.

Because we generally bill our customers over the term of the contract, near term decline in new or renewed subscriptions may not be reflected immediately in our operating results.

Most of our revenues in each quarter are derived from contracts entered into with our customers during previous quarters. Consequently, a decline in new or renewed subscriptions in any one quarter may not be fully reflected in our revenues for that quarter. Such declines, however, would negatively affect our revenues in future periods and the effect of significant downturns in sales and market acceptance of our solutions, and potential changes in our rate of renewals or renewal terms, may not be fully reflected in our results of operations until future periods. In addition, we may be unable to adjust our cost structure rapidly, or at all, to take account of reduced revenues. Our subscription model also makes it difficult for us to rapidly increase our total revenues through additional sales in any period, as revenues from new customers must be earned over the applicable subscription term based on the value of their monthly advertising spend.

We have been dependent on our customers’ use of search advertising. Any decrease in the use of search advertising or our inability to further penetrate social and eCommerce advertising channels would harm our business, growth prospects, operating results and financial condition.

Historically, our customers have primarily used our solutions for managing their search advertising, including mobile search advertising, and the substantial majority of our revenue is derived from advertisers that use our platform to manage their search advertising. We expect that search advertising will continue to be the primary channel used by our customers for the foreseeable future. Should our customers lose confidence in the value or effectiveness of search advertising, or if search advertising growth moderates or declines, the demand for our solutions may decline, and it may negatively impact our revenues. In addition, our failure to achieve market acceptance of our solution for the management of social and eCommerce advertising spend would harm our growth prospects, operating results and financial condition.

Our sales cycle can be long and unpredictable and require considerable time and expense, which may cause our operating results to fluctuate.

The sales cycle for our solutions, from initial contact with a potential lead to contract execution and implementation, varies widely by customer, but can take between three and nine months. Some of our customers undertake a significant evaluation process that frequently involves not only our solutions but also those of our competitors, which has in the past resulted in extended sales cycles. Our sales efforts involve educating our customers about the use, technical capabilities and benefits of our platform. In addition, under certain circumstances, we sometimes offer an initial term, typically of a few months in duration, to new customers who may terminate their subscription at any time during this initial period before the fixed term contract commences. We have no assurance that the substantial time and money spent on our sales efforts will produce any sales. If our sales efforts result in a new customer subscription, the customer may terminate its subscription during the initial period, after we have incurred the expenses associated with entering the customer’s data in our platform and related training and support. If sales expected from a customer are not realized in the time period expected or not realized at all, or if a customer terminates during the initial period, our business, operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected.

Historically, a significant portion of field sales and professional services were conducted in person. Currently, as a result of the work and travel restrictions related to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, substantially all of our sales and professional services activities are being conducted remotely. As of the date of this report, we do not yet know the extent of the negative impact on our ability to attract, serve, retain or upsell customers.

Our ability to generate revenue depends on our collection of significant amounts of data from various sources.

Our ability to optimize the delivery of Internet advertisements for our customers depends on our ability to successfully leverage data, including data that we collect from our customers as well as data provided by publishers and from third parties. Using cookies and similar tracking technologies, we collect information about the interaction of users with our advertisers’ and publishers’ websites. Our ability to successfully leverage such data is dependent upon our continued ability to access and utilize such data. Our ability to access and use such data could be restricted by a number of factors, including consumer choice, restrictions imposed by advertisers and publishers, changes in technology, and new developments in laws, regulations, and industry standards.

If consumer resistance to the collection and sharing of the data used to deliver targeted advertising, increased visibility of consent / Do Not Track mechanisms as a result of industry regulatory and/or legal developments, and/or the development and deployment of new technologies result in a material impact on our ability to collect data, this will materially impair the results of our operations.

Material defects or errors in our software platform could harm our reputation, result in significant costs to us and impair our ability to sell our subscription services.

The software applications underlying our subscription services are inherently complex and may contain material defects or errors, which may cause disruptions in availability, misallocation of advertising spend or other performance problems. Any such errors, defects, disruptions in service or other performance problems with our software platform, including those resulting from new versions or updates, could negatively impact our customers’ businesses or the success of their advertising campaigns and cause harm to our reputation. If we have any errors, defects, disruptions in service or other performance problems with our software platform, customers could elect not to renew or reduce their usage or delay or withhold payment to us, which could result in an increase in our provision for doubtful accounts or an increase in the length of collection cycles for accounts receivable. Errors, defects, disruptions in service or other performance problems could also result in customers making warranty or other claims against us, our giving credits to our customers toward future advertising spend or costly litigation. As a result, material defects or errors in our platform could have a material adverse impact on our business and financial performance.

The costs incurred in correcting any material defects or errors in our software platform may be substantial and could adversely affect our operating results. After the release of new versions of our software, defects or errors may be identified from time to time by our internal team and by our customers. We implement bug fixes and upgrades as part of our regularly scheduled system maintenance. If we do not complete this maintenance according to schedule or if customers are otherwise dissatisfied with the frequency and/or duration of our maintenance services, customers could elect not to renew, or delay or withhold payment to us, or cause us to issue credits, make refunds or pay penalties.

We primarily derive our revenues from a single software platform and any factor adversely affecting subscriptions to our platform could harm our business and operating results.

We primarily derive our revenues from sales of a single software platform. As such, any factor adversely affecting subscriptions to our platform, including product release cycles, market acceptance, product competition, performance and reliability, reputation, price competition, and economic and market conditions, could harm our business and operating results.

If mobile connected devices, their operating systems or content distribution channels, including those controlled by our competitors, develop in ways that prevent our advertising campaigns from being delivered to their users, our ability to grow our business will be impaired.

Our success in the mobile channel depends upon the ability of our technology platform to integrate with mobile inventory suppliers and provide advertising for most mobile connected devices, as well as the major operating systems that run on them and the applications that are downloaded onto them. The design of mobile devices and operating systems is controlled by third parties with whom we do not have any formal relationships. These parties frequently introduce new devices, and from time to time they may introduce new operating systems or modify existing ones. Network carriers may also impact the ability to access specified content on mobile devices. If our solution were unable to work on these devices or operating systems, either because of technological constraints or because an operating system or app developer, device maker or carrier wished to impair our ability to purchase inventory and provide advertisements, our ability to generate revenue could be significantly harmed.

If our security measures are breached or unauthorized access to customer data or our data is otherwise obtained, our solutions may be perceived as not being secure, customers may reduce the use of or stop using our solutions and we may incur significant liabilities.

In the ordinary course of our business, we maintain sensitive data on our networks, including our intellectual property and proprietary or confidential business information relating to our business and that of our customers and business partners. The secure maintenance of this information is critical to our business and reputation. We believe that companies have been increasingly subject to a wide variety of security incidents, cyber-attacks and other attempts to gain unauthorized access. These threats can come from a variety of sources, ranging in sophistication from an individual hacker to a state-sponsored attack. Cyber threats may be generic, or they may be custom-crafted against our information systems. Cyber-attacks have become more prevalent and much harder to detect and defend against. Our network and storage applications may be subject to unauthorized access by hackers or breached due to operator error, malfeasance or other system disruptions. It is often difficult to anticipate or immediately detect such incidents and the damage caused by such incidents. These data breaches and any unauthorized access or disclosure of our information or intellectual property could result in the loss of information, litigation, indemnity obligations and other liability. While we have security measures in place, our systems and networks are subject to ongoing threats and therefore these security measures may be breached as a result of third-party action, including cyber-attacks or other intentional misconduct by computer hackers, employee error, malfeasance or otherwise. This could result in one or more third parties obtaining unauthorized access to our customers’ data or our data, including intellectual property and other confidential business information. Because techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or to sabotage systems change frequently and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. Third parties may also attempt to fraudulently induce employees or customers into disclosing sensitive information such as user names, passwords or other information in order to gain access to our customers’ data or our data, including intellectual property and other confidential business information. If an actual or perceived breach of our security occurs, the market perception of the effectiveness of our security measures could be harmed, we could lose potential sales and existing customers or we could incur other liabilities, which could adversely affect our business.

We primarily use third-party data centers to deliver our services. Any disruption of service at these facilities could harm our business.

We manage a significant portion of our services and serve substantially all of our customers from only a single third-party data center facility. While we control the actual computer, network and storage systems upon which our platform runs, and deploy them to the data center facility, we do not control the operation of the facility. The owner of the facility has no obligation to renew the agreement with us on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. If we are unable to renew the agreement on commercially reasonable terms, we may be required to transfer to a new facility or facilities, and we may incur significant costs and possible service interruption in connection with doing so.

The facility is vulnerable to damage or service interruption resulting from human error, intentional bad acts, earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, fires, war, terrorist attacks, power losses, hardware failures, systems failures, telecommunications failures and similar events. Moreover, while we have a disaster recovery plan in place, we do not maintain a “hot failover” instance of our software platform permitting us to immediately switch over in the event of damage or service interruption at our data center. The occurrence of a natural disaster or an act of terrorism, any outages or vandalism or other misconduct, or a decision to close the facility without adequate notice or other unanticipated problems could result in lengthy interruptions in our services.

Any changes in service levels at the facility or any errors, defects, disruptions or other performance problems at or related to the facility that affect our services could harm our reputation and may damage our customers’ businesses. Interruptions in our services might reduce our revenues, subject us to potential liability, or result in reduced usage of our platform. In addition, some of our customer contracts require us to issue credits for downtime in excess of certain levels and in some instances give our customers the ability to terminate their subscriptions.

We also depend on third-party Internet-hosting providers and continuous and uninterrupted access to the Internet through third-party bandwidth providers to operate our business. If we lose the services of one or more of our Internet-hosting or bandwidth providers for any reason or if their services are disrupted, for example due to viruses or “denial-of-service” or other attacks on their systems, or due to human error, intentional bad acts, power loss, hardware failures, telecommunications failures, fires, wars, terrorist attacks, floods, earthquakes, hurricanes, tornadoes or similar events, we could experience disruption in our ability to offer our solutions or we could be required to retain the services of replacement providers, which could increase our operating costs and harm our business and reputation.

As a result of our customers’ usage of our software platform, we will need to continually improve our hosting infrastructure to avoid service interruptions or slower system performance.

We seek to maintain sufficient excess capacity in our infrastructure to meet the needs of all of our customers. We also seek to maintain excess capacity to facilitate the rapid provision of new customer deployments and the expansion of existing customer deployments. For example, if we secure a large customer or a group of customers that require significant amounts of bandwidth or storage, we may need to increase bandwidth, storage, power or other elements of our application architecture and our infrastructure, and our existing systems may not be able to scale in a manner satisfactory to our existing or prospective customers.

The amount of infrastructure needed to support our customers is based on our estimates of anticipated usage. If we were to experience unforeseen increases in usage, we could be required to increase our infrastructure investments resulting in increased costs or reduced gross margins, and if we do not accurately predict our infrastructure capacity requirements, our customers could experience service outages that may subject us to financial penalties and liabilities and result in customer losses. If our hosting infrastructure capacity fails to keep pace with sales, customers may experience service interruptions or slower system performance, which could harm our reputation and adversely affect our revenue growth. As customers use our software platform for more complicated tasks, we will need to devote resources to improve our application architecture and our infrastructure in order to maintain the performance of our software platform. We may need to incur additional costs to upgrade or expand our computer systems and architecture if our systems cannot handle current or higher volumes of usage. In addition, increasing our systems and infrastructure in advance of new customers would cause us to have increased cost of revenues, which can adversely affect our gross margins until we increase revenues that are spread over the increased costs.

If we cannot efficiently implement our solutions for customers, we may lose customers.

Our customers have a variety of different data formats, enterprise applications and infrastructure and our platform must support our customers’ data formats and integrate with complex enterprise applications and infrastructures. If our platform does not currently support a customer’s required data format or appropriately integrate with a customer’s applications and infrastructure, then we may choose to configure our platform to do so, which would increase our expenses. Additionally, we do not control our customers’ implementation schedules. As a result, as we have experienced in the past, if our customers do not allocate internal resources necessary to meet their implementation responsibilities or if we face unanticipated implementation difficulties, the implementation may be delayed. Further, in the past, our implementation capacity has at times constrained our ability to successfully implement our solutions for our customers in a timely manner, particularly during periods of high demand. If the customer implementation process is not executed successfully or if execution is delayed, we could incur significant costs, customers could become dissatisfied and decide not to increase usage of our platform, not to use our platform beyond an initial period prior to their term commitment and revenue recognition could be delayed. In addition, competitors with more efficient operating models with lower implementation costs could penetrate our customer relationships.

Additionally, large customers may request or require specific features or functions unique to their particular business processes, which increase our upfront investment in sales and deployment efforts and the revenues resulting from the customers under our typical contract length may not cover the upfront investments. If prospective large customers require specific features or functions that we do not offer, then the market for our solution will be more limited and our business could suffer. In addition, supporting large customers could require us to devote significant development services and support personnel and strain our personnel resources and infrastructure. If we are unable to address the needs of these customers in a timely fashion or further develop and enhance our solution, these customers may not renew their subscriptions, seek to terminate their relationship with us, renew on less favorable terms, or reduce their advertising spend on our platform. If any of these were to occur, our revenues may decline and our operating results could be adversely affected.

If we are unable to maintain or expand our sales and marketing capabilities, we may not be able to generate anticipated revenues.

Increasing our customer base and achieving broader market acceptance of our software platform will depend to an extent on our ability to maintain or expand our sales and marketing operations and activities. We are substantially dependent on our sales force to obtain new customers and our marketing organization to generate a sufficient pipeline of qualified sales leads. We may need to restructure or expand our sales team in order to maintain or increase revenues from new and existing customers and to further penetrate our existing markets. Our solutions require a sophisticated sales force with specific sales skills and technical knowledge. Competition for qualified sales personnel is intense, and we may not be able to retain our existing sales personnel or attract, integrate, train or retain sufficient highly qualified sales personnel. In addition, we may need to invest in lead generation activities to develop our pipeline of qualified opportunities for our sales force, which could increase our marketing expenses. If our lead generation activities do not increase our pipeline or if our sales force is unable to close opportunities at a high rate, then we may not generate an increase in revenues.

Any failure to offer high-quality technical support services may adversely affect our relationships with our customers and harm our financial results.

Our customers depend on our support organization to resolve any technical issues relating to our solutions. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, most of our employees worldwide are currently working remotely, including our customer support organization. In addition, our sales process is highly dependent on the quality of our solutions, our business reputation and on strong recommendations from our existing customers. Any failure to maintain high-quality technical support, or a market perception that we do not maintain high-quality support, could harm our reputation, adversely affect our ability to sell our solutions to existing and prospective customers, and harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

We offer technical support services with our solutions and may be unable to respond quickly enough to accommodate short-term increases in customer demand for support services. We also may be unable to modify the format of our support services to compete with changes in support services provided by competitors. It is difficult to predict customer demand for technical support services and if customer demand increases significantly, we may be unable to provide satisfactory support services to our customers. Additionally, increased customer demand for these services, without corresponding revenues, could increase costs and adversely affect our operating results.

Any failure to protect our intellectual property rights could impair our ability to protect our proprietary technology and our brand.

Our success and ability to compete depends in part upon our intellectual property. We primarily rely on a combination of copyright, trade secret and trademark laws, as well as confidentiality procedures and contractual restrictions with our employees, customers, partners and others to establish and protect our intellectual property rights. However, the steps we take to protect our intellectual property rights may be inadequate or we may be unable to secure intellectual property protection for all of our solutions. In particular, we have three issued U.S. patents.

If we are unable to protect our intellectual property, our competitors could use our intellectual property to market products and services similar to ours and our ability to compete effectively would be impaired. Moreover, others may independently develop technologies that are competitive to ours or infringe our intellectual property. The enforcement of our intellectual property rights depends on our legal actions against these infringers being successful, but we cannot be sure these actions will be successful, even when our rights have been infringed. In addition, defending our intellectual property rights might entail significant expense and diversion of management resources. Any of our intellectual property rights may be challenged by others or invalidated through administrative processes or litigation. Any patents issued in the future may not provide us with competitive advantages or may be successfully challenged by third parties.

Furthermore, legal standards relating to the validity, enforceability and scope of protection of intellectual property rights are uncertain. Effective protection of our intellectual property may not be available to us in every country in which our solutions are available. The laws of some foreign countries may not be as protective of intellectual property rights as those in the United States, and mechanisms for enforcement of intellectual property rights may be inadequate. Accordingly, despite our efforts, we may be unable to prevent third parties from infringing upon or misappropriating our intellectual property.

We might be required to spend significant resources to monitor and protect our intellectual property rights, and our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights may be met with defenses, counterclaims and countersuits attacking the validity and enforceability of our intellectual property rights. Litigation to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights could be costly, time-consuming and distracting to management, whether or not it is resolved in our favor, and could ultimately result in the impairment or loss of portions of our intellectual property.

We could incur substantial costs as a result of any claim of infringement of another party’s intellectual property rights.

In recent years, there has been significant litigation in the United States involving patents and other intellectual property rights. Companies in the Internet and technology industries are increasingly bringing and becoming subject to suits alleging infringement of proprietary rights, particularly patent rights, and our competitors may hold patents or have pending patent applications, which could be related to our business. These risks have been amplified by the increase in third parties, which we refer to as non-practicing entities, whose sole primary business is to assert such claims. We have received in the past, and expect to receive in the future, notices that claim we or our customers using our solutions have misappropriated or misused other parties’ intellectual property rights. If we are sued by a third party that claims that our technology infringes its rights, the litigation could be expensive and could divert our management resources. We do not currently have an extensive patent portfolio of our own, which may limit the defenses available to us in any such litigation.

In addition, in most instances, we have agreed to indemnify our customers against certain claims that our subscription services infringe the intellectual property rights of third parties. Our business could be adversely affected by any significant disputes between us and our customers as to the applicability or scope of our indemnification obligations to them. The results of any intellectual property litigation to which we might become a party, or for which we are required to provide indemnification, may require us to do one or more of the following:

If we are required to make substantial payments or undertake any of the other actions noted above as a result of any intellectual property infringement claims against us or any obligation to indemnify our customers for such claims, such payments or costs could have a material adverse effect upon our business and financial results.

Our use of open source technology could impose limitations on our ability to commercialize our software platform.

We use open source software in our platform. Some open source software licenses require users who distribute open source software as part of their software to publicly disclose all or part of the source code to such software and/or make available any derivative works of the open source code on unfavorable terms or at no cost. The terms of various open source licenses have not been interpreted by the U.S. courts, and there is a risk that such licenses could be construed in a manner that imposes unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to market our software platform. While we monitor our use of open source software and try to ensure that none is used in a manner that would require us to disclose our source code or that would otherwise breach the terms of an open source agreement, such use could inadvertently occur and we may be required to release our proprietary source code, pay damages for breach of contract, re-engineer our applications, discontinue sales in the event re-engineering cannot be accomplished on a timely basis or take other remedial action that may divert resources away from our development efforts, any of which could cause us to breach customer contracts, harm our reputation, result in customer losses or claims, increase our costs or otherwise adversely affect our business and operating results.

Because our long-term success depends, in part, on our ability to expand our sales to customers outside the United States, our business will be susceptible to risks associated with international operations.

We currently have personnel and/or customers in China, England, France, Ireland, Japan and Singapore, as well as the United States. Due to our international exposure, our business is susceptible to risks associated with international operations. However, we have a limited operating history outside the United States, and our ability to manage our business and conduct our operations internationally requires considerable management attention and resources and is subject to particular challenges of supporting a rapidly growing business in an environment of diverse cultures, languages, customs, tax laws, legal systems, alternate dispute systems and regulatory systems. The risks and challenges associated with international expansion include:

We have limited experience in marketing, selling and supporting our subscription services internationally, which increases the risk that any potential future expansion efforts that we may undertake will not be successful.

Fluctuations in the exchange rate of foreign currencies could result in currency transactions losses.

We currently have foreign sales denominated in Australian Dollars, British Pound Sterling, Chinese Yuan, Euros, Japanese Yen and Singaporean Dollars. In addition, we incur a portion of our operating expenses in the currencies of the countries where we have offices. We face exposure to adverse movements in currency exchange rates, which may cause our revenues and operating results to differ materially from expectations. In addition, the continued uncertainty around the full impact of Brexit and the exact trade arrangements upon exit has adversely impacted global markets, including currencies, and resulted in a decline and volatility in the value of the British Pound Sterling and the Euro, as compared to the U.S. Dollar and other currencies. Volatility in exchange rates and global financial markets is expected to continue due to a number of factors, including uncertainty surrounding Brexit trade arrangements and the recent political and economic uncertainty globally. If the U.S. Dollar continues to strengthen relative to foreign currencies as it has been since the second quarter of 2018, our non-U.S. revenues would be adversely affected. Conversely, a decline in the U.S. Dollar relative to foreign currencies would increase our non-U.S. revenues when translated into U.S. Dollars. Our operating results could be negatively impacted depending on the amount of expense denominated in foreign currencies. As exchange rates vary, revenues, cost of revenues, operating expenses and other operating results, when translated, may differ materially from expectations. In addition, our revenues and operating results are subject to fluctuation if our mix of U.S. and foreign currency-denominated transactions or expenses changes in the future because we do not currently hedge our foreign currency exposure. Even if we were to implement hedging strategies to mitigate foreign currency risk, these strategies might not eliminate our exposure to foreign exchange rate fluctuations and would involve costs and risks of their own, such as ongoing management time and expertise, external costs to implement the strategies and potential accounting implications.

Unfavorable conditions in the market for digital advertising or the global economy or reductions in digital advertising spend could limit our ability to grow our business and negatively affect our operating results.

Revenue growth and potential profitability of our business depends on digital advertising spend by advertisers in the markets we serve. Our operating results may vary based on changes in the market for digital advertising or the global economy. To the extent that weak economic conditions cause our customers and potential customers to freeze or reduce their advertising budgets, particularly digital advertising, demand for our solution may be negatively affected.

Historically, economic downturns have resulted in overall reductions in advertising spend. If economic conditions deteriorate or the rise of geopolitical instability and military hostilities or global health emergencies and pandemics such as COVID-19 causes economic uncertainty, our customers and potential customers may elect to decrease their advertising budgets or defer or reconsider software and service purchases, which would limit our ability to grow our business and negatively affect our operating results.

Our business depends on retaining and attracting qualified personnel, and turnover may result in operational inefficiencies that could negatively affect our business.

Our success depends upon the continued service of our talented management, operational and key technical employees, as well as our ability to continue to attract additional highly qualified talent. We have experienced turnover, including in December 2019 the departure of our former chief financial officer and the promotion of Robert Bertz to chief financial officer. Turnover amongst our employees could result in operational and administrative inefficiencies and added costs, which could adversely impact our results of operations, stock price and customer relationships, and could make recruiting for future management and other positions more difficult. In addition, we must successfully integrate any new senior management and other new personnel within our organization in order to achieve our operating objectives, and changes in other key positions may temporarily affect our financial performance and results of operations as new employees become familiar with our business.

We do not maintain key person life insurance policies on any of our employees. Each of our executive officers, key technical personnel and other employees could terminate his or her relationship with us at any time. Our business also requires skilled technical, sales and other personnel, who are in high demand and are often subject to competing offers. If we expand into additional geographic markets, we will require personnel with expertise in these new areas. Competition for qualified employees is intense in our industry and particularly in San Francisco, California. An inability to retain, attract, relocate and motivate employees required for our business could delay or prevent the achievement of our business objectives and could materially harm our business and our customer relationships.

Managing a global organization has placed, and may continue to place, significant demands on our management and infrastructure. If we fail to manage our operations effectively, we may be unable to execute our business plan, maintain high levels of service or address competitive challenges adequately.

Managing a global and geographically dispersed workforce and operation has required substantial management effort, the allocation of valuable management resources and significant additional investment in our infrastructure. We will be required to continue to improve our operational, financial and management controls and operations reporting procedures, and we may not be able to do so effectively. Moreover, we may from time to time decide to undertake cost savings initiatives, such as additional restructurings, disposing of, and/or otherwise discontinuing certain products, in an effort to focus our resources on key strategic initiatives and streamline our business. Further, supporting our customers and operations, and driving future growth, we must continually improve and maintain our technology, systems and network infrastructure. As such, we may be unable to manage our expenses effectively in the future, which may negatively impact our gross margins or operating expenses in any particular quarter. If we fail to manage our anticipated growth or change in a manner that does not preserve the key aspects of our corporate culture, the quality of our solutions may suffer, which could negatively affect our brand and reputation and harm our ability to retain and attract customers.

Domestic and foreign government regulation and enforcement of data practices and data tracking technologies is expansive, not clearly defined and rapidly evolving. Such regulation could directly restrict portions of our business or indirectly affect our business by constraining our customers’ use of our platform or limiting the growth of our markets.

Federal, state, municipal and/or foreign governments and agencies have adopted and could in the future adopt, modify, apply or enforce laws, policies, and regulations covering user privacy, data security, technologies such as cookies that are used to collect, store and/or process data, the taxation of products and services, unfair and deceptive practices, and/or the collection, use, processing, transfer, storage and/or disclosure of data associated with a unique individual. The categories of data regulated under these laws vary widely and are often ill-defined and subject to new applications or interpretation by regulators. Our subscription services enable our customers to display digital advertisements to targeted population segments, as well as collect, manage and store data regarding the measurement and valuation of their digital advertising and marketing campaigns, which may include data that is directly or indirectly obtained or derived through the activities of online or mobile visitors. The uncertainty and inconsistency among these laws, coupled with a lack of guidance as to how these laws will be applied to current and emerging Internet and mobile analytics technologies, creates a risk that regulators, lawmakers or other third parties, such as potential plaintiffs, may assert claims, pursue investigations or audits, or engage in civil or criminal enforcement. These actions could limit the market for our subscription services or impose burdensome requirements on our services and/or customers’ use of our services, thereby rendering our business unprofitable.

Some features of our subscription services use cookies, which trigger the data protection requirements of certain foreign jurisdictions, such as the EU General Data Protection Regulation, or the GDPR, and the EU ePrivacy Directive. In addition, our services collect data about visitors’ interactions with our advertiser clients that may be subject to regulation under current or future laws or regulations. If our privacy or data security measures fail to comply with these current or future laws and regulations in any of the jurisdictions in which we collect information, we may be subject to litigation, regulatory investigations, civil or criminal enforcement, audits or other liabilities in such jurisdictions, or our advertisers may terminate their relationships with us. In addition, foreign court judgments or regulatory actions could impact our ability to transfer, process and/or receive transnational data that is critical to our operations, including data relating to users, clients, or partners outside the United States. Such judgments or actions could affect the manner in which we provide our services or adversely affect our financial results if foreign clients and partners are not able to lawfully transfer data to us.

This area of the law is currently under intense government scrutiny and many governments, including the U.S. government, are considering a variety of proposed regulations that would restrict or impact the conditions under which data obtained from or through the activities of visitors could be collected, processed or stored. In addition, regulators such as the Federal Trade Commission and the California Attorney General are continually proposing new regulations and interpreting and applying existing regulations in new ways. For example, the California Consumer Privacy Act, or the CCPA, took effect January 1, 2020, which provides new data privacy rights for consumers and new disclosure and operational requirements for companies. The CCPA gives California residents expanded rights to access and delete their personal information, opt out of certain personal information sharing and receive detailed information about how their personal information is used. The CCPA provides for civil penalties for violations, as well as a private right of action for data breaches that is expected to increase data breach litigation. The burdens imposed by the GDPR and CCPA, and changes to existing laws or new laws regulating the solicitation, collection or processing of personal and consumer information, truth-in-advertising and consumer protection could affect our customers’ utilization of digital advertising and marketing, potentially reducing demand for our subscription services, or impose restrictions that make it more difficult or expensive for us to provide our services.

If legislation dampens the growth in web and mobile usage or access to the Internet, our results of operations could be harmed.

Legislation enacted in the future could dampen the growth in web and mobile usage and decrease its acceptance as a medium of communications and commerce or result in increased adoption of new modes of communication and commerce that may not be serviced by our products. In addition, government agencies or private organizations may begin to impose taxes, fees or other charges for accessing the Internet, which could result in slower growth or a decrease in eCommerce, use of social media and/or use of mobile devices. Any of these outcomes could cause demand for our platform to decrease, our costs to increase, and our results of operations and financial condition to be harmed.

If our customers fail to abide by applicable privacy laws or to provide adequate notice and/or obtain consent from end users, we could be subject to litigation or enforcement action or reduced demand for our services. Industry self-regulatory standards may be implemented in the future that could affect demand for our platform and our ability to access data we use to provide our platform.

Our customers utilize our services to support and measure their direct interactions with visitors, and although we provide notice and choice mechanisms on our websites for our subscription services, we also must rely on our customers to implement and administer notice and choice mechanisms required under applicable laws. If we or our customers fail to abide by these laws, it could result in litigation or regulatory or enforcement action against our customers or against us directly.

In addition, self-regulatory organizations (such as the Digital Advertising Network or Network Advertising Initiative) to which our customers, partners and suppliers may belong, may impose opt-in or opt-out requirements on our customers, which may in the future require our customers to provide various mechanisms for users to opt-in or opt-out of the collection of any data, including anonymous data, with respect to such users’ web or mobile activities. The online and/or mobile industries may adopt technical or industry standards, or federal, state, local or foreign laws may be enacted that allow users to opt-in or opt-out of data that is necessary to our business. In particular, some government regulators and standard-setting organizations have suggested a “Do Not Track” standard that allows users to express a preference, independent of cookie settings in their browser, not to have website browsing recorded. All the major Internet browsers have implemented some version of a “Do Not Track” setting. Furthermore, publishers may implement alternative tracking technologies that make it more difficult to access the data necessary to our business or make it more difficult for us to compete with the publisher’s own advertising management solutions. If any of these events were to occur in the future, it could have a material effect on our ability to provide services and for our customers to collect the data that is necessary to use our services.

Our revenues may be adversely affected if we are required to charge sales taxes in additional jurisdictions or other taxes for our solutions.

We collect or have imposed upon us sales or other taxes related to the solutions we sell in certain states and other jurisdictions. An increasing number of states have considered or adopted laws that attempt to impose tax collection obligations on out-of-state companies. Additionally, the U.S. Supreme Court recently ruled in South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc. et al, or Wayfair, that online sellers can be required to collect sales and use tax despite not having a physical presence in the buyer’s state. In response to Wayfair, or otherwise, states or local governments may adopt, or begin to enforce, laws requiring us to calculate, collect, and remit taxes on sales in their jurisdictions. A successful assertion by any state, country or other jurisdiction in which we do business that we should be collecting sales or other taxes on the sale of our products and services could, among other things, create significant administrative burdens for us, result in substantial tax liabilities for past sales, discourage clients from purchasing solutions from us or otherwise substantially harm our business and results of operations.

We may experience quarterly fluctuations in our operating results due to a number of factors which make our future results difficult to predict and could cause our operating results to fall below expectations or our guidance.

Our quarterly operating results may fluctuate due to a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control. As a result, comparing our operating results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful. You should not rely on our past results as indicative of our future performance. If our revenues or operating results fall below the expectations of investors or securities analysts, or below any guidance we may provide to the market, the price of our common stock could decline substantially.

In addition to other risk factors listed in this section, factors that may affect our quarterly operating results include the following:

Based upon all of the factors described above, we have a limited ability to forecast our future revenues, costs and expenses, and as a result, our operating results may from time to time fall below our estimates or the expectations of public market analysts and investors.

Future acquisitions or divestitures, strategic investments, partnerships or alliances could be difficult to integrate or complete, divert the attention of key management personnel, disrupt our business, dilute shareholder value and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

We acquired and divested businesses in the past and may seek to acquire or divest businesses, products or technologies in the future. However, we have limited experience in acquiring and integrating businesses, products and technologies. If we identify an appropriate acquisition candidate, we may not be successful in negotiating the terms and/or financing of the acquisition, and our due diligence may fail to identify all of the problems, liabilities or other shortcomings or challenges of an acquired business, product or technology, including issues related to intellectual property, product quality or architecture, regulatory compliance practices, revenue recognition or other accounting practices or employee or client issues.

Any acquisition or investment may require us to use significant amounts of cash, issue potentially dilutive equity securities or incur debt. In addition, acquisitions involve numerous risks, any of which could harm our business, including:

If we are unable to successfully integrate any future business, product or technology we acquire, our business and results of operations may suffer.

In addition, a significant portion of the purchase price of companies we acquire may be allocated to acquired goodwill and other intangible assets, which must be assessed for impairment at least annually. If our acquisitions do not yield expected returns, we may be required to take charges to our operating results based on this impairment assessment process, which could adversely affect our results of operations.

Acquisitions could also result in dilutive issuances of equity securities or the incurrence of debt, which could adversely affect our operating results. For instance, in connection with our prior acquisitions, we issued shares of our common stock. We may consider divestitures of certain non-core businesses, products, technologies or other assets from time to time. We may not be successful in identifying buyers for any such assets or in negotiating the terms of any such sale. Any such sale could disrupt our business and adversely affect our results of operations.

In November 2019, we completed the divestiture of assets and liabilities related to our Perfect Audience business to SharpSpring, Inc., an unrelated third party, for net proceeds of $4.3 million, as further described in Note 7 of the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

If we experience material weaknesses or deficiencies in the future or otherwise fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, we may not be able to accurately or timely report our financial condition or results of operations, which may adversely affect investor confidence in us and, as a result, the value of our common stock.

In the past, we have identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. While we have remediated such material weakness, there can be no assurance that we will not identify additional control deficiencies or material weaknesses in the future. If we identify material weaknesses or deficiencies in the future, if we are unable to comply with the requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, or Section 404, in a timely manner, if we are unable to assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective or if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to express an opinion as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and the market price of our common stock could be negatively affected, and we could become subject to investigations by the stock exchange on which our securities are listed, the SEC, or other regulatory authorities, which could require additional financial and management resources.

We are a smaller reporting company and we cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to smaller reporting companies will make our common stock less attractive to investors.

We are a smaller reporting company and as a result we can provide simplified executive compensation disclosures in our filings; are exempt from the provisions of Section 404 requiring that independent registered public accounting firms provide an attestation report on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting; and we have certain other decreased disclosure obligations in their SEC filings, including, among other things, only being required to provide two years of audited financial statements in annual reports. Decreased disclosures in our SEC filings due to our status as a smaller reporting company may make it harder for investors to analyze our results of operations and financial prospects. We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive because we will rely on the exemptions available to smaller reporting companies. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock price may be more volatile.

We may not be able to utilize a significant portion of our net operating loss or research tax credit carryforwards, which could adversely affect our profitability.

As of December 31, 2019, we had federal and state net operating loss carryforwards due to prior period losses, which if not utilized will begin to expire in 2027 and 2022 for federal and state purposes, respectively. Our federal net operating loss generated in 2018 can be carried forward indefinitely. We also have federal research tax credit carryforwards, which if not utilized will begin to expire in 2026. These net operating loss and research tax credit carryforwards could expire unused and be unavailable to offset future income tax liabilities, which could adversely affect our profitability.

In addition, under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the “Code, our ability to utilize net operating loss carryforwards or other tax attributes, such as research tax credits, in any taxable year may be limited if we experience an “ownership change.” A Section 382 “ownership change” generally occurs if one or more stockholders or groups of stockholders who own at least 5% of our stock increase their ownership by more than 50 percentage points over their lowest ownership percentage within a rolling three-year period. Similar rules may apply under state tax laws.

Future issuances of our stock could cause an “ownership change.” It is possible that any future ownership change could have a material effect on the use of our net operating loss carryforwards or other tax attributes, which could adversely affect our profitability.

Our reported financial results may be adversely affected by changes in accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.

Generally accepted accounting principles in the United States are subject to interpretation by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the SEC, and various bodies formed to promulgate and interpret appropriate accounting principles. A change in these principles or interpretations could have a significant effect on our reported financial results, and could affect the reporting of transactions completed before the announcement of a change.

We may be required to record a significant charge to earnings if our amortizable long-lived assets become impaired.

We are required under GAAP to review our amortizable long-lived assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. Conditions that would necessitate an impairment assessment include a significant decline in the observable market value of an asset, a significant change in the extent or manner in which an asset is used, or any other significant adverse change that would indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or group of assets may not be recoverable. The events and circumstances we consider include the business climate, legal factors, operating performance indicators and competition. In the future we may be required to record a significant charge to earnings in our consolidated financial statements for the period in which any impairment of our long-lived or amortizable intangible assets is determined. This could adversely impact our results of operations and harm our business.

We previously recorded a goodwill balance as a result of acquisitions in prior years. In November 2019, we performed an impairment assessment of goodwill in conjunction with the divestiture of the assets and liabilities of our Perfect Audience business to SharpSpring, Inc., an unrelated third party. We performed this assessment utilizing the simplified method, and it resulted in an impairment of goodwill of $1.9 million at that time, reducing the goodwill balance to zero.

If we cannot meet the continued listing requirements of The Nasdaq Global Market, The Nasdaq Global Market may de-list our common stock, which would have an adverse effect on the trading volume, liquidity and market price of our common stock.

Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Global Market, or Nasdaq. Although we currently meet Nasdaq’s listing standards, which generally require that we meet certain requirements relating to stockholders’ equity, market capitalization, stock price, the aggregate market value of publicly held shares, and distribution requirements, we cannot assure you that we will be able to continue to meet Nasdaq’s listing requirements. One of Nasdaq’s listing requirements is that our shares maintain a minimum bid price of at least $1.00. If a company’s shares trade for 30 consecutive business days below the $1.00 minimum closing bid price requirement, Nasdaq will send a deficiency notice to the company, advising that it has been afforded a “compliance period” of 180 calendar days to regain compliance with the applicable requirements. As of April 30, 2020, the closing price of our common stock on Nasdaq was $1.81. If we fail to satisfy Nasdaq’s continued listing requirements, Nasdaq may take steps to de-list our common stock. If Nasdaq delists our securities for trading on the Nasdaq, we could face significant adverse consequences, including:

Such a de-listing would likely have an adverse effect on the price of our common stock and would impair your ability to sell or purchase our common stock when you wish to do so. In the event of a de-listing, we may take actions to restore our compliance with Nasdaq’s listing requirements, but we can provide no assurance that any such action taken by us would allow our common stock to become listed again, stabilize the market price or improve the liquidity or trading volume of our common stock, prevent our common capitalization and stockholder’s equity from dropping below the Nasdaq minimum requirements, or prevent other future non-compliance with Nasdaq’s continued listing requirements.

The market price of our common stock has been, and is likely to continue to be, subject to wide fluctuations and could subject us to litigation.

Since our initial public offering, the closing sales price of our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange (from March 22, 2013 through June 19, 2018) and The Nasdaq Global Market (from June 20, 2018 to March 31, 2020) has been volatile. From January 1, 2018 through March 31, 2020, the closing sales price of our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange (from January 1, 2018 through June 19, 2018), and The Nasdaq Global Market (from June 20, 2018 to March 31, 2020) ranged from $0.87 to $11.20 per share. Factors affecting the market price of our common stock include:

Because our stock price has been volatile, investing in our common stock is risky.

In addition, the stock market in general has experienced substantial price and volume volatility that is often seemingly unrelated to the operating results of any particular companies. In particular, the stock market has recently experienced heightened volatility in connection with the global pandemic of COVID-19. Moreover, if the market for technology stocks, especially software and cloud computing-related stocks, or the stock market in general experiences uneven investor confidence, the market price of our common stock could decline for reasons unrelated to our business, operating results or financial condition. The market price for our stock might also decline in reaction to events that affect other companies within, or outside, our industry, even if these events do not directly affect us. Some companies that have experienced volatility in the trading price of their stock have been subject of securities litigation. If we are the subject of such litigation, it could result in substantial costs and a diversion of management’s attention and resources.

We have never declared nor paid cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain any future earnings to finance the operation and expansion of our business, and we do not expect to declare or pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. Consequently, stockholders must rely on sales of their common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on their investment.

If we sell additional shares of our common stock, or securities convertible into our common stock in the future, the percentage ownership of our stockholders will be diluted.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that these sales might occur could depress the market price of our common stock and may make it more difficult for you to sell your common stock at a time and price that you deem appropriate. We are unable to predict the effect that sales may have on the prevailing market price of our common stock. Any sales of securities by existing stockholders could adversely affect the trading price of our common stock.

On March 14, 2019, we filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 for the potential offering, issuance and sale by us of up to $50.0 million of our common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants to purchase our common stock, preferred stock and debt securities, subscription rights to purchase our common stock, preferred stock and debt securities, and units consisting of all or some of these securities. Our shelf registration statement was declared effective by the SEC on May 10, 2019. Pursuant to an equity distribution agreement between us and JMP Securities, common stock with an aggregate offering price of up to $13.0 million may be issued and sold pursuant to an “at-the-market” offering for sales of our common stock. Subject to certain limitations in the equity distribution agreement and compliance with applicable law, we have the discretion to deliver a sales notice to JMP at any time throughout the term of the sales agreement, which has a term equal to the term of the registration statement on Form S-3 unless otherwise terminated earlier by us or JMP pursuant to the terms of the sales agreement. The number of shares that are sold by JMP after delivering a sales notice will fluctuate based on the market price of our common stock during the sales period and limits we set with JMP. Because the price per share of each share sold will fluctuate based on the market price of our common stock during the sales period, it is not possible at this stage to predict the number of shares that will be ultimately issued. As of the date hereof, 658,000 shares of our common stock have been sold pursuant to the equity distribution agreement, for net proceeds of $1.6 million. As of March 31, 2020, we had common stock with an aggregate offering price of up to $11.1 million available for issuance under the equity distribution agreement.

Because management has broad discretion as to the use of the net proceeds from our future sales of securities, you may not agree with how we use them, and such proceeds may not be applied successfully.

Our management will have broad discretion over the use of proceeds from future sales of our securities. We currently intend to use the net proceeds from our “at-the-market” offering to fund research and development of our technology and for working capital and general corporate purposes. However, our management will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds from such offering and any future offerings and could spend the proceeds in ways that do not necessarily improve our operating results or enhance the value of our common stock, or that you otherwise do not agree with. The failure of our management to apply these funds effectively could, among other things, result in unfavorable returns and uncertainty about our prospects, each of which could cause the price of our common stock to decline.

Delaware law and provisions in our restated certificate of incorporation and restated bylaws could make a merger, tender offer, or proxy contest difficult, and limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees, thereby depressing the trading price of our common stock.

Our status as a Delaware corporation and the anti-takeover provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law may discourage, delay, or prevent a change in control by prohibiting us from engaging in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a period of three years after the person becomes an interested stockholder, even if a change of control would be beneficial to our existing stockholders. In addition, our restated certificate of incorporation and restated bylaws contain provisions that may make the acquisition of our Company more difficult, including the following:

In addition, our restated certificate of incorporation provides that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the exclusive forum for: (1) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf; (2) any action asserting a breach of fiduciary duty; (3) any action asserting a claim against us arising pursuant to the Delaware General Corporation Law, our restated certificate of incorporation, or our restated bylaws; (4) any action to interpret, apply, enforce or determine the validity of our restated certificate of incorporation or our restated bylaws, or (5) any action asserting a claim against us that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine. This choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or any of our directors, officers, or other employees, which may discourage lawsuits with respect to such claims. Alternatively, if a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in our restated certificate of incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could harm our business, operating results, and financial condition.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our common stock depends in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. If one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our common stock or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our common stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of us or fail to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our common stock could decrease, which might cause our common stock price and trading volume to decline.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Delaware		20-4647180
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

123 Mission Street, 27th Floor, San Francisco, CA (Address of Principal Executive Offices)		94105 (Zip Code)


Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, $0.001 Par Value Per Share	MRIN	The Nasdaq Global Market

PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION	3
Item 1.	Financial Statements (unaudited)	3
	CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AT MARCH 31, 2020 AND DECEMBER 31, 2019	3
	CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2020 AND 2019	4
	CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2020 AND 2019	5
	CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2020 AND 2019	6
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	19
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	28
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	29
PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION	30
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	30
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	30
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	47
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	47
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	47
Item 5.	Other Information	47
Item 6.	Exhibits	48
SIGNATURES		49

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
United States of America	$	6,555	$	10,041
United Kingdom		1,000		1,545
Other (1)		1,105		1,862
Total revenues, net	$	8,660	$	13,448

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Subscriptions	$	6,333	$	10,426
Strategic agreements		2,327		3,022
Total revenues, net	$	8,660	$	13,448

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
Emerging growth company	☐

	Subscription Services Revenues
2020 (remaining nine months)	$	2,684
2021		850
2022		37
Total	$	3,571

	Deferred Costs to Obtain Contracts			Deferred Costs to Fulfill Contracts
Balances at December 31, 2019	$	779		$	281
Costs deferred		49			32
Amortization		(188	)		(70	)
Balances at March 31, 2020	$	640		$	243

	RSUs Outstanding
	Number of Shares			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Unit
Granted and unvested at December 31, 2019		1,104		$	4.55
RSUs granted		56			1.44
RSUs vested		(20	)		9.47
RSUs cancelled and withheld to cover taxes		(71	)		5.48
Granted and unvested at March 31, 2020		1,069		$	4.24

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2020
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Financing cash flows from finance leases	$	191
Operating cash flows from finance leases		8
Operating cash flows from operating leases		2,014

ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities:
Finance lease liabilities	$	—
Operating lease liabilities		6,666

	Operating Sublease Income
2020 (remaining nine months)	$	1,191
2021		1,105
2022		616
Total amounts due under subleases	$	2,912

		Incorporated by Reference
Number	Exhibit Title	Form	File No.	Filing Date	Filed Herewith

10.1	Note with Harvest Small Business dated May 4, 2020				X

31.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.				X

31.2	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.				X

32.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*				X

32.2	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*				X

101.INS	XBRL Instance Document.				X

101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.				X

101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.				X

101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.				X

101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.				X

101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.				X


	MARIN SOFTWARE INCORPORATED

Dated: May 12, 2020	By:	/s/ Christopher A. Lien
		Christopher A. Lien
		Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

Dated: May 12, 2020	By:	/s/ Robert Bertz
		Robert Bertz
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)