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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2015
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes

10. Income Taxes

The Company’s quarterly provision for income taxes is based on an estimated effective annual income tax rate. The Company’s quarterly provision for income taxes also includes the tax impact of certain unusual or infrequently occurring items, if any, including changes in judgment about valuation allowances and effects of changes in tax laws or rates, in the interim period in which they occur.

Income tax expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, was $300 and $674 on pre-tax losses of $9,204 and $30,537, respectively. As of September 30, 2015, the income tax rate varies from the United States statutory income tax rate primarily due to valuation allowances in the United States and taxable income generated by the Company’s foreign wholly-owned subsidiaries. The income tax expense for the three months ended September 30, 2014 was $259 on a pre-tax loss of $8,985 and the income tax benefit for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 was $1,992 on a pre-tax loss of $26,333. The benefit recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2014, was primarily attributable to a decrease in our valuation allowances of $2,603 due to deferred tax liabilities recorded as part of our acquisition of Perfect Audience (Note 2).

The Company reviews the likelihood that it will realize the benefit of its deferred tax assets and, therefore, the need for valuation allowances on a quarterly basis. There is no corresponding income tax benefit recognized with respect to losses incurred and no corresponding income tax expense recognized with respect to earnings generated in jurisdictions with a valuation allowance. This causes variability in the Company’s effective tax rate. The Company will maintain the valuation allowances until it is more likely than not that the net deferred tax assets will be realized.

As of September 30, 2015, the Company’s gross uncertain tax benefits totaled $1,581, and none of the Company’s uncertain tax benefits, including related accrued interest and penalties, would affect the Company’s effective tax rate if recognized.