DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

NOTE 8 – DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The Company is exposed to fluctuations in crude oil and natural gas prices on its production. We can utilize derivative strategies that consist of either a single derivative instrument or a combination of instruments to manage the variability in cash flows associated with the forecasted sale of our future domestic oil and natural gas production. While the use of derivative instruments may limit or partially reduce the downside risk of adverse commodity price movements, their use also may limit future income from favorable commodity price movements.

From time to time the Company enters into derivative contracts to protect the Company’s cash flow from price fluctuation and maintain its capital programs. The Company has historically used either costless collars or swaps for this purpose. Oil derivative contracts are based on WTI Crude Oil prices and natural gas contacts are based on Henry Hub. A “costless collar” is the combination of two options, a put option (floor) and call option (ceiling) with the options structured so that the premium paid for the put option will be offset by the premium received from selling the call option. Similar to costless collars, there is no cost to enter into the swap contracts. On swap contracts, there is no spread and payments will be made or received based on the difference between WTI and the swap contract price.

Throughout 2020 and 2021, the Company entered into additional derivative contracts in the form of oil swaps for 2022. The following tables reflect the details of those contracts:

Oil derivative contracts

		Barrels
Date entered into	Period covered	per day	Swap price
2022 swaps
12/4/2020	Calendar year 2022	500	$	44.22
12/7/2020	Calendar year 2022	500		44.75
12/10/2020	Calendar year 2022	500		44.97
12/17/2020	Calendar year 2022	250		45.98
1/4/2021	Calendar year 2022	250		47.00
2/4/2021	Calendar year 2022	250		50.05
5/11/2021	Calendar year 2022	879 (1)		49.03

(1) The notional quantity per the swap contract entered into on May 11, 2021 is for 26,750 barrels of oil per month. The 879 represents the daily amount on an annual basis.

We did not designate our derivative instruments as hedges for accounting purposes. Derivative financial instruments are recorded at fair value and included as either assets or liabilities in the accompanying balance sheets. Any gains or losses resulting from changes in fair value of outstanding derivative financial instruments and from the settlement of derivative financial instruments are recognized in earnings and included as a component of other income in the accompanying statements of operations.

The following presents the impact of the Company’s contracts on its balance sheets for the periods indicated.

	As of December 31,
	2021		2020
Liabilities
Commodity derivative instruments	$	29,241,588	$	3,287,328
Derivative liabilities, current	$	29,241,588	$	3,287,328

Commodity derivative instruments	$	—	$	869,273
Derivative liabilities, non-current	$	—	$	869,273

The components of “Gain (loss) on derivative contracts” are as follows for the respective periods:

	For the years ended December 31,
	2021		2020		2019
Gain (loss) on oil derivative	$	(77,654,452)	$	20,357,812	$	(3,000,078)
Gain (loss) on natural gas derivatives		(198,689)		1,008,256		—
Gain (loss) on derivative contracts	$	(77,853,141)	$	21,366,068	$	(3,000,078)

The components of “Cash (paid) received for derivative settlements, net” are as follows for the respective periods:

	For the years ended December 31,
	2021		2020		2019
Cash flows from operating activities
Cash (paid) received on oil derivatives	$	(53,511,332)	$	22,522,591	$	63,054
Cash (paid) received on natural gas derivatives		743,178		—		—
Cash (paid) received from derivative settlements	$	(52,768,154)	$	22,522,591	$	63,054

The use of derivative transactions involves the risk that the counterparties, which generally are financial institutions, will be unable to meet the financial terms of such transactions. All derivative contracts have been with lenders under our credit facility.