10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED MARCH 31, 2022

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number 001-36003

Histogen Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	20-3183915
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(IRS Employer Identification No.)
10655 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 200, San Diego CA	92121
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(858) 526-3100

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value	HSTO	The Nasdaq Capital Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ☒    No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).      Yes ☐    No ☒

As of May 6, 2022, the registrant had 49,950,212 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value, outstanding.

Histogen Inc.

FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	3
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Mezzanine and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	6
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	27
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	41
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	41
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	42
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	42
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	69
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	70
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	70
Item 5.	Other Information	70
Item 6.	Exhibits	71
	Signatures	73

2

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.  Financial Statements

HISTOGEN INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	March 31, 2022			December 31, 2021
	(unaudited)
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	17,848		$	18,685
Restricted cash		400			400
Accounts receivable, net		67			165
Prepaid and other current assets		2,694			2,359
Redeemable convertible preferred stock financing proceeds held in escrow		4,762			—
Total current assets		25,771			21,609
Property and equipment, net		527			399
Right-of-use asset		4,451			4,432
Other assets		748			805
Total assets	$	31,497		$	27,245
Liabilities, mezzanine and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	1,274		$	1,393
Accrued liabilities		1,382			791
Current portion of lease liabilities		200			127
Current portion of deferred revenue		19			19
Total current liabilities		2,875			2,330
Lease liabilities, non-current		4,563			4,617
Noncurrent portion of deferred revenue		94			98
Finance lease liability, non-current		11			14
Total liabilities		7,543			7,059
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)
Mezzanine Equity
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021; 5,000 and 0 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively		4,296			—
Total mezzanine equity		4,296			—
Stockholders' Equity
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021; 49,950,212 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021		5			5
Additional paid-in capital		98,995			98,839
Accumulated deficit		(78,325	)		(77,652	)
Total Histogen Inc. stockholders’ equity		20,675			21,192
Noncontrolling interest		(1,017	)		(1,006	)
Total equity		19,658			20,186
Total liabilities, mezzanine equity, and stockholders’ equity	$	31,497		$	27,245

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

HISTOGEN INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022			2021
Revenue
Product revenue	$	—		$	306
License revenue		3,755			12
Grant revenue		—			113
Total revenue		3,755			431
Operating expense
Cost of product revenue		—			220
Research and development		1,932			2,153
General and administrative		2,506			2,331
Total operating expense		4,438			4,704
Loss from operations		(683	)		(4,273	)
Other income (expense)
Interest expense, net		(1	)		(5	)
Net loss		(684	)		(4,278	)
Loss attributable to noncontrolling interest		11			8
Net loss available to common stockholders	$	(673	)	$	(4,270	)
Net loss per share available to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(0.01	)	$	(0.14	)
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding used to compute    net loss per share, basic and diluted		49,950,212			31,571,676

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

HISTOGEN INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF

MEZZANINE AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

(In thousands, except share amounts)

	Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock				Common Stock				Additional Paid-in			Accumulated			Total Histogen Inc. Stockholders’ Equity			Noncontrolling			Total Equity
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital			Deficit			(Deficit)			Interest			(Deficit)
Balance at December 31, 2021		—	$	—		49,950,212	$	5	$	98,839		$	(77,652	)	$	21,192		$	(1,006	)	$	20,186
Issuance of common stock, net of    issuance costs		—		—		—		—		(9	)		—			(9	)		—			(9	)
Issuance of redeemable convertible preferred stock (mezzanine equity),    net of issuance costs		5,000		4,296		—		—		—			—			—			—			—
Share-based compensation expense		—		—		—		—		165			—			165			—			165
Net loss		—		—		—		—		—			(673	)		(673	)		(11	)		(684	)
Balance at March 31, 2022		5,000	$	4,296		49,950,212	$	5	$	98,995		$	(78,325	)	$	20,675		$	(1,017	)	$	19,658

	Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock				Common Stock				Additional Paid-in		Accumulated			Total Histogen Inc. Stockholders’ Equity			Noncontrolling			Total Equity
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital		Deficit			(Deficit)			Interest			(Deficit)
Balance at December 31, 2020		—	$	—		15,030,757	$	1	$	70,561	$	(62,702	)	$	7,860		$	(947	)	$	6,913
Issuance of common stock, net of    issuance costs		—		—		14,000,000		2		11,953		—			11,955			—			11,955
Issuance of common stock for    warrant exercises		—		—		6,713,700		1		6,831		—			6,832			—			6,832
Share-based compensation expense		—		—		—		—		209		—			209			—			209
Net loss		—		—		—		—		—		(4,270	)		(4,270	)		(8	)		(4,278	)
Balance at March 31, 2021		—	$	—		35,744,457	$	4	$	89,554	$	(66,972	)	$	22,586		$	(955	)	$	21,631

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

HISTOGEN INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022			2021
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$	(684	)	$	(4,278	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		31			23
Stock-based compensation		165			209
2021 Tax credit adjustment for excess accrued		(40	)		—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		98			(44	)
Inventories		—			239
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(255	)		1,042
Other assets		57			—
Accounts payable		(303	)		(43	)
Accrued liabilities		591			(732	)
Right-of-use asset and lease liabilities, net		—			6
Deferred revenue		(5	)		(34	)
Net cash used in operating activities		(345	)		(3,612	)
Cash flows from investing activities
Cash paid for property and equipment		(15	)		—
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		(15	)		—
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs		—			11,955
Costs paid in connection with December 2021 financing		(9	)		—
Repayment of finance lease obligations		(2	)		(2	)
Issuance costs for redeemable convertible preferred stock		(466	)		—
Payment on financing of insurance premiums		—			(193	)
Proceeds from the exercise of warrants		—			6,832
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		(477	)		18,592
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(837	)		14,980
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period		19,085			6,773
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	18,248		$	21,753
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash to    the consolidated balance sheets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	17,848		$	21,743
Restricted cash		400			10
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	18,248		$	21,753
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash paid for interest	$	1		$	4
Noncash investing and financing activities
Property and equipment purchased on account, not yet paid	$	183		$	—
Issuance of redeemable convertible preferred stock, proceeds held in escrow	$	4,762		$	—
Fair value of warrants issued to Placement Agent	$	34		$	333

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

HISTOGEN INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Description of Business, Basis of Presentation, and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Description of Business

Histogen Inc. (the “Company,” “Histogen,” “we,” or the “combined company”), formerly known as Conatus Pharmaceuticals Inc. (“Conatus”), was incorporated in the state of Delaware on July 13, 2005. The Company is a clinical-stage therapeutics company focused on developing potential first-in-class restorative therapeutics that ignite the body’s natural process to repair and maintain healthy biological function.

Merger between Private Histogen and Conatus Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Name Change

On January 28, 2020, the Company, then operating as Conatus, entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization, as amended (the “Merger Agreement”), with privately-held Histogen, Inc. (“Private Histogen”) and Chinook Merger Sub, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (“Merger Sub”). Under the Merger Agreement, Merger Sub merged with and into Private Histogen, with Private Histogen surviving as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Merger”). On May 26, 2020, the Merger was completed.  Conatus changed its name to Histogen Inc., and Private Histogen, which remains as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, changed its name to Histogen Therapeutics Inc. On May 27, 2020, the combined company’s common stock began trading on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the ticker symbol “HSTO”.

Liquidity and Going Concern

The Company has incurred operating losses and negative cash flows from operations and had an accumulated deficit of $78.3 million as of March 31, 2022. The Company expects operating losses and negative cash flows from operations to continue for the foreseeable future. As of March 31, 2022, the Company had $17.8 million in cash and cash equivalents.

The Company has not yet established ongoing sources of revenues sufficient to cover its operating costs and will need to continue to raise additional capital to support its future operating activities, including progression of its development programs, preparation for commercialization, and other operating costs. Management’s plans with regard to these matters include entering into a combination of additional debt or equity financing arrangements, strategic partnerships, collaboration and licensing arrangements, or other similar arrangements. In addition, the Company may fund its losses from operations through the common stock purchase agreement the Company entered into with Lincoln Park in July 2020, for the purchase of up to $10.0 million of the Company’s common stock over the 24 month period of the purchase agreement, $8.5 million of which remains available for sale as of the date these condensed consolidated financial statements were available to be issued (refer to Note 7 for further information), subject to limitations on the amount of securities the Company may sell under its effective registration statement on Form S-3 within any 12-month period. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to obtain additional financing on terms acceptable to the Company, on a timely basis or at all. Based on the Company’s current operating plan, management believes that existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to fund the Company’s obligations for at least 12 months after these condensed consolidated financial statements are issued.

The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business.

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its controlled subsidiaries, including Histogen Therapeutics, Inc., and have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.

The Company acquired Centro De Investigacion de Medicina Regenerativa, S.A. de C.V. (“CIMRESA”), a company in Mexico, during 2018 to facilitate a potential clinical development program for HST-001, or hair stimulating complex (“HSC”). This is a wholly-owned subsidiary intended to pursue registration with the COFEPRIS (Mexico equivalent to Food and Drug Administration). CIMRESA had no operational or financial activity for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021.

The Company holds a majority interest in Adaptive Biologix, Inc. (“AB”, formerly Histogen Oncology, LLC). AB was formed to develop and market applications for the treatment of cancer. The Company consolidates AB into its condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

Unaudited Interim Financial Information

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and GAAP. Accordingly, these condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of Management, these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments necessary, all of which are of a normal and recurring nature, to present fairly the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year or future periods. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2021 included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K that the Company filed with the SEC on March 10, 2022.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and contingencies at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. Management believes that these estimates and assumptions are reasonable, however, actual results may differ and could have a material effect on future results of operations and financial position. Though the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’s business and operating results presents additional uncertainty, Company’s management continues to use the best information available to them in their significant accounting estimates.

Significant estimates and assumptions include the useful lives of property and equipment, discount rates used in recognizing contracts containing leases, unrecognized tax benefits, reserves for excess or obsolete inventory, stock-based compensation, and best estimate of standalone selling price of revenue deliverables. Actual results may materially differ from those estimates.

Variable Interest Entities

The Company determined that AB is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) and that the Company is its primary beneficiary. The Company holds greater than 50% of the shares and has the authority to manage the business and affairs of the VIE. AB’s other shareholder does not have a controlling interest.

A VIE is typically an entity for which the Company has less than a 100% equity interest but controls the decision making over the business and affairs of the entity, directs the decisions driving the economic performance of such entity and participates in the profit and losses of such an entity. The Company weighed both quantitative and qualitative information about the different risks and reward characteristics of each entity and the significance of that entity to the consolidating group in the aggregate.

Segment Reporting

Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker, the Interim Chief Executive Officer, in making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. The Company views its operations and manages its business as one operating segment.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity date of ninety days or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents include cash in readily available checking, money market accounts and brokerage accounts.

The Company’s current restricted cash consists of cash held as collateral for a letter of credit issued as a security deposit for the lease of the Company’s headquarters and is required to be held throughout the lease term.

Risks and Uncertainties

Credit Risk

At certain times throughout the year, the Company may maintain deposits in federally insured financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to significant risk on its cash balances due to the financial position of the depository institutions in which those deposits are held.

8

Customer Risk

During the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, one customer accounted for 100% and 72% of total revenues.

COVID-19

The cumulative effect of the COVID-19 outbreak and associated disruptions have had, and may continue to have, an adverse impact on the Company’s business and its results of operations. The full impact of the COVID-19 outbreak continues to evolve as of the date these condensed consolidated financial statements were available to be issued and will depend on future developments that are highly uncertain and unpredictable, including efficacy and adoption of vaccines, future resurgences of the virus and its variants, and the speed at which government restrictions are lifted. As such, it is uncertain as to the full magnitude that the pandemic will have on the Company’s financial condition, liquidity, and future results of operations.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are generally due within 30 days and are recorded at net realizable value, which is determined using historical experience. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for potential credit losses. The allowance is based on an analysis of historical bad debt, current receivables aging, and expected future write-offs of uncollectible accounts, as well as an assessment of specific identifiable accounts considered at risk or uncollectible. Additions to the allowance for doubtful accounts include provisions for bad debt and deductions from the allowance for doubtful accounts include customer write-offs. Provision for doubtful accounts was not material for all periods presented.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are reported net of accumulated depreciation and amortization and are comprised of office furniture and equipment, lab and manufacturing equipment, and leasehold improvements. Ordinary maintenance and repairs are charged to expense, while expenditures that extend the physical or economic life of the assets are capitalized. Furniture and all equipment are depreciated over their estimated useful lives, or five years, using the straight-line method. Software is amortized over its estimated useful lives, or three years, using the straight-line method. Leasehold improvements are amortized over their estimated useful lives and limited by the remaining term of the building lease, using the straight-line method.

Valuation of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets to be held and used, including property and equipment, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. As of March 31, 2022, the Company has not recognized any impairment to long-lived assets.

Forward Purchase Contract

In 2011, Private Histogen contracted for research services from EPS Global Research Pte. Ltd. (“EPS”) to conduct clinical trials and compile data from a study that took place in 2011 and 2013. The unpaid amount due for the services was approximately $0.3 million.

In 2017, Private Histogen and EPS entered into a Debt Settlement and Conversion Agreement (“Settlement Agreement”) whereby Private Histogen paid $50 thousand and issued EPS 14,342 shares of Series D convertible preferred stock. The Company was required to repurchase the shares at the greater of the remaining balance due of approximately $0.3 million and the market price of the shares at the time of repurchase, but in no event later than December 31, 2021. The Company had the sole option to repurchase the shares (which were converted from Series D convertible preferred stock into shares of common stock upon the Merger) at any time on or before December 31, 2021.

On December 16, 2021, the Company repurchased from EPS 14,342 shares of common stock in exchange for a cash payment of approximately $0.3 million. The repurchased shares were recorded as treasury stock and retired as of March 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2021, no further amounts are due to EPS under the Settlement Agreement.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The Company is required to report all components of comprehensive income (loss), including net income (loss), in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements in the period in which they are recognized. Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as

9

the change in equity during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources, including unrealized gains and losses on investments and foreign currency translation adjustments. Net loss and comprehensive loss were the same for all periods presented.

Revenue Recognition

Product and License Revenue

The Company records revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, whereby revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be received in exchange for those goods or services. A five-step model is used to achieve the core principle: (1) identify the customer contract, (2) identify the contract’s performance obligations, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) a performance obligation is satisfied. The Company applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that the entity will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer. Shipping charges billed to customers are included in product revenue and the related shipping costs are included in cost of product revenue. The Company applies the revenue recognition standard, including the use of any practical expedients, consistently to contracts with similar characteristics and in similar circumstances (See Note 4).

Grant Awards

In March 2017, the National Science Foundation (“NSF”), a government agency, awarded the Company a research and development grant to develop a novel wound dressing for infection control and tissue regeneration. The Company has concluded this government grant is not within the scope of ASC 606, as government entities generally do not meet the definition of a “customer” as defined by ASC 606. Payments received under the grant are considered conditional, non-exchange contributions under the scope of ASC 958-605, Not-for-Profit Entities – Revenue Recognition, and are recorded as revenue in the period in which such conditions are satisfied. In reaching the determination that such payments should be recorded as revenue, management considered a number of factors, including whether the Company is a principal under the arrangement, and whether the arrangement is significant to, and part of, the Company’s ongoing operations. As of March 31, 2021, the Company had completed all obligations under the NSF development grant and, as such, no longer generates any revenues in connection with the research and development grant.

In September 2020, the Company was approved for a grant award from the U.S. Department of Defense (“DoD”) in the amount of approximately $2.0 million to partially fund the Company’s planned Phase 1/2 clinical trial of HST-003 for regeneration of cartilage in the knee. The Company applies International Accounting Standard (“IAS”) 20, Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance, by analogy as there is no existing authoritative guidance under GAAP. Under the terms of the award, the DoD will reimburse the Company for certain allowable costs. The period of performance for the grant award substantially expires in September 2025 and is subject to annual and quarterly reporting requirements. As the DoD grant is a cost-type (reimbursement) grant, the Company must incur program expenses in accordance with the Statement of Work and approved budget in order to be reimbursed by the DoD. The Company will recognize funding received from the grant award as a reduction of research and development expenses in the period in which qualifying expenses have been incurred, as the Company is reasonably assured that the expenses will be reimbursed and the funding is collectible. For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, qualifying expenses totaling $0.2 million for each reporting period have been incurred with a corresponding reduction of research and development expenses related to the award. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, $67 thousand and $0.2 million, respectively, was included in accounts receivable within the condensed consolidated balance sheets with respect to the award.

Cost of Product Revenue

Cost of product revenue represents direct and indirect costs incurred to bring the product to saleable condition.

Research and Development Expenses

All research and development costs are charged to expense as incurred. Research and development expenses primarily include (i) payroll and related costs associated with research and development performed, (ii) costs related to clinical and preclinical testing of the Company’s technologies under development, and (iii) other research and development costs including allocations of facility costs, net of reimbursable research and development costs incurred under the DoD grant.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses represent personnel costs for employees involved in general corporate functions, including finance, accounting, legal and human resources, among others. Additional costs included within general and administrative expenses

10

consist of professional fees for legal (including patent costs), audit and other consulting services, travel and entertainment, recruiting, allocated facility and general information technology costs, depreciation and amortization, and other general corporate overhead expenses.

Patent Costs

The Company expenses all costs as incurred in connection with patent applications (including direct application fees, and the legal and consulting expenses related to making such applications) and such costs are included in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred income taxes are recorded for temporary differences between condensed consolidated financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect the tax rates expected to be in effect for the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. No income tax expense or benefit was recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, due to the full valuation allowance on the Company’s net deferred tax assets. A valuation allowance is provided if it is more likely than not that some or all the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

The Company also follows the provisions of accounting for uncertainty in income taxes which prescribes a model for the recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return, and provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, disclosure, and transition.

The Company’s policy is to recognize interest or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. Interest and penalties related to income tax matters were not material for the periods presented.

Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period, without consideration for potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares and potentially dilutive securities outstanding for the period.

Potentially dilutive common shares consist of shares issuable from warrants, stock options, and redeemable convertible preferred stock. Potentially dilutive common shares issuable upon vesting of stock options and warrants are determined using the average share price for each period under the treasury stock method. In periods of net losses, the Company excludes all potentially dilutive common shares from the computation of diluted net loss per share for the periods as the effect would be anti-dilutive.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is equal to the basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders as common stock equivalent shares from stock options and warrants were anti-dilutive.

The following table sets forth outstanding potentially dilutive shares that have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders because of their anti-dilutive effect (in common stock equivalents):

	March 31, 2022		March 31, 2021
Common stock options issued and outstanding		2,977,292		2,672,963
Warrants to purchase common stock		24,076,140		10,009,456
Redeemable convertible preferred stock		5,000,000		—
Total anti-dilutive shares		32,053,432		12,682,419

11

Stock-Based Compensation

Service-Based Awards

The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense for service-based stock options and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) over the requisite service period on a straight-line basis. Employee and director stock-based compensation for service-based stock options is measured based on estimated fair value as of the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Company estimates the fair value of RSUs based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of issuance. The Company uses the following assumptions for estimating fair value of service-based option grants:

Fair Value of Common Stock – The fair value of common stock underlying the option grant is determined based on observable market prices of the Company’s common stock.

Expected Volatility – Volatility is a measure of the amount by which the Company’s share price has historically fluctuated or is expected to fluctuate (i.e., expected volatility) during a period. Due to the lack of an adequate history of a public market for the trading of the Company’s common stock and a lack of adequate company-specific historical and implied volatility data, volatility has been estimated and based on the historical volatility of a group of similar companies that are publicly traded. For these analyses, the Company has selected companies with comparable characteristics, including enterprise value, risk profiles, and position within the industry, and with historical share price information sufficient to meet the expected term of the stock-based awards.

Expected Term – This is the period of time during which the options are expected to remain unexercised. Options have a maximum contractual term of ten years. The Company estimates the expected term of stock options using the “simplified method”, whereby the expected term equals the average of the vesting term and the original contractual term of the underlying option.

Risk-Free Interest Rate – This is the observed yield on zero-coupon U.S. Treasury securities, as of the day each option is granted, with a term that most closely resembles the expected term of the option.

Expected Forfeiture Rate – Forfeitures are recognized as they occur.

Performance-Based Options

Stock-based compensation expense for performance-based options is recognized based on amortizing the fair market value as of the grant date over the periods during which the achievement of the performance is probable. Performance-based options require certain performance conditions to be achieved in order for these options to vest. These options vest on the date of achievement of the performance condition.

Market-Based Options

Stock-based compensation expense for market-based options is recognized on a straight-line basis over the derived service period, regardless of whether the market condition is satisfied. Market-based options subject to market-based performance targets require achievement of the performance target in order for these options to vest. The Company estimates the fair value of market-based options as of the grant date and expected term using a Monte Carlo simulation that incorporates option-pricing inputs covering the period from the grant date through the end of the derived service period.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

None

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40) (“ASU 2020-06”). This new guidance is intended to simplify the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity, including convertible instruments and contracts on an entity’s own equity. Entities may adopt ASU 2020-06 using either a partial retrospective or fully retrospective method of transition. This ASU is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2020-06 on January 1, 2022. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements or related disclosures.

12

In November 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-10, Government Assistance (Topic 832): Disclosure by Business Entities about Government Assistance (“ASU 2021-10”), which improves the transparency of government assistance received by certain business entities by requiring the disclosure of (1) the types of government assistance received; (2) the accounting for such assistance, and (3) the effect of the assistance on the business entity’s financial statements. ASU 2021-10 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2021-10 on January 1, 2022. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements or related disclosures

2. Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2022			December 31, 2021
Lab and manufacturing equipment	$	919		$	943
Office furniture and equipment		225			42
Software		48			48
Total		1,192			1,033
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization		(665	)		(634	)
Property and equipment, net	$	527		$	399

Depreciation and amortization expense for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, were $31 thousand and $23 thousand, respectively.

3. Balance Sheet Details

Prepaid and other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Insurance	$	405	$	691
Tenant improvement reimbursement receivable		1,412		1,057
Prepaid rent		78		132
Pre-clinical and clinical related expenses		256		158
Prepaid materials		152		138
Other		391		183
Total	$	2,694	$	2,359

13

Other assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Insurance	$	676	$	732
Cell bank material		61		61
Other		11		12
Total	$	748	$	805

Accrued liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Current portion of finance lease liabilities	$	9	$	9
Accrued compensation		351		346
Clinical study related expenses		42		103
Legal fees		255		144
Royalty payable		375		—
Other		350		189
Total	$	1,382	$	791

4. Revenues

The following is a summary description of the material revenue arrangements, including arrangements that generated revenues during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021.

Allergan License Agreements

2017 Allergan Amendment

In 2017, the Company entered into a series of agreements (collectively, the “2017 Allergan Agreement”), which ultimately transferred Suneva Medical, Inc.’s license and supply rights of Histogen’s cell conditioned medium (“CCM”) skin care ingredient in the medical aesthetics market to Allergan Sales LLC (“Allergan”) and granted Allergan an exclusive, royalty-free, perpetual, irrevocable, non-terminable and transferable license, including the right to sublicense to third parties, to use the Company’s CCM skin care ingredient in the medical aesthetics market. The 2017 Allergan Agreement also obligated the Company to deliver CCM to Allergan (the “Supply of CCM to Allergan”) in the future as well as share with Allergan any potential future improvements to the Company’s CCM skin care ingredients identified through the Company’s research and development efforts (“Potential Future Improvements”).  In consideration for the execution of the agreements, Histogen received a cash payment of $11.0 million and a potential additional payment of $5.5 million if Allergan’s net sales of products containing the Company’s CCM skin care ingredient exceeds $60.0 million in any calendar year through December 31, 2027.

2019 Allergan Amendment

In March 2019, Histogen entered into a separate agreement with Allergan (the “2019 Allergan Amendment”) to amend the 2017 Allergan Agreement in exchange for a one-time payment of $7.5 million to the Company. The agreement broadened Allergan’s license rights, expanding Allergan’s access to certain sales channels where its products incorporating the CCM ingredient can be sold. Specifically, the license was broadened to provide Allergan the exclusive right to sell through the “Amazon Professional” website, or any website or digital platform owned or licensed by Allergan or under the Allergan brand name, and non-exclusive rights to sell on other websites and through brick-and-mortar medical spas and wellness centers (excluding websites and brick-and-mortar stores of luxury brands).

The Company evaluated the 2019 Allergan Amendment under ASC 606 and concluded that Allergan continues to be a customer and that the expanded license is distinct from the 2017 Allergan Agreement. The Company determined the expanded license under the 2019 Allergan Amendment to be functional intellectual property as Allergan has the right to utilize the Company’s CCM skin care ingredient, and that ingredient is functional to Allergan at the time the Company transferred the expanded license.

14

The standalone selling price of the expanded license was not readily observable since the Company has not yet established a price for this expanded license and the expanded license has not been sold on a standalone basis to any customer. The Company accounted for the 2019 Allergan Amendment as a modification to the 2017 Allergan Agreement. The contract modification was accounted for as if the 2017 Allergan Agreement had been terminated and the new contract included the expanded license as well as the remaining performance obligations that arose from the 2017 Allergan Agreement related to the Supply of CCM to Allergan and Potential Future Improvements.

The total transaction price for the new contract included the $7.5 million from the 2019 Allergan Amendment as well as the amounts deferred as of the 2019 Allergan Amendment execution date for each the Supply of CCM to Allergan and Potential Future Improvements.

The standalone selling price for the Supply of CCM to Allergan was determined based on comparable sales transactions. The standalone selling price of the Potential Future Improvements was estimated at the fully burdened rate of research and development employees cost plus a commercially reasonable markup. The amount of the total transaction price allocated to the expanded license was determined using the residual approach as a result of not having a standalone selling price for the expanded license; that is, the total transaction price less the standalone selling prices of the Supply of CCM to Allergan and Potential Future Improvements.

Revenue related to the Supply of CCM to Allergan has been deferred and recognized at the point in time in which deliveries are completed while revenue related to the Potential Future Improvements has been deferred and amortized ratably over the remaining 9-year life of the patent. The Supply of CCM to Allergan under the 2019 Allergan Amendment was entirely fulfilled during the year ended December 31, 2019. The $7.5 million residual amount of the total transaction price allocated to the expanded license was recognized as license revenue upon transfer of the license to Allergan in March 2019.

2020 Allergan Amendment

In January 2020, the Company further amended the 2019 Allergan Amendment in exchange for a one-time payment of $1.0 million to the Company (the “2020 Allergan Amendment”). The 2020 Allergan Amendment further broadened Allergan’s exclusive and non-exclusive license rights to include products used for or in connection with microdermabrasion. In addition, the Company agreed to provide Allergan with an additional 200 kilograms of CCM (the “Additional Supply of CCM to Allergan”).

The Company evaluated the 2020 Allergan Amendment under ASC 606 and concluded that Allergan continues to be a customer and that the expanded license is distinct from the 2019 Allergan Amendment. The Company determined the expanded license under the 2020 Allergan Amendment to be functional intellectual property as Allergan has the right to utilize the Company’s CCM skin care ingredient, and that ingredient is functional to Allergan at the time the Company transferred the expanded license.

The standalone selling price of the expanded license was not readily observable since the Company has not yet established a price for this expanded license and the expanded license has not been sold on a standalone basis to any customer. The Company accounted for the 2020 Allergan Amendment as a modification to the 2019 Allergan Amendment (which had modified the 2017 Allergan Agreement, as noted above). The contract modification was accounted for as if the 2019 Allergan Amendment had been terminated and the new contract included the expanded license and Additional Supply of CCM to Allergan, as well as the remaining performance obligation related to Potential Future Improvements.

The total transaction price for the new contract included the $1.0 million from the 2020 Allergan Amendment, the future payment for the Additional Supply of CCM to Allergan, as well as the amounts deferred as of the 2020 Allergan Amendment execution date for Potential Future Improvements.

The standalone selling price for the Additional Supply of CCM to Allergan was determined using the observable inputs of historical comparable sales transactions, including the margin from such sales. The Company also considered its reduced expected cost of satisfying this performance obligation based on the current efficiencies within its CCM manufacturing processes. Due to significant efficiencies in the Company’s CCM manufacturing processes, the forecasted cost of CCM production has decreased, while the applied margin was determined by comparison to similar sales transactions in prior years. The standalone selling price of the Potential Future Improvements was estimated at the fully burdened rate of research and development employees cost plus a commercially reasonable markup. The amount of the total transaction price allocated to the expanded license was determined using the residual approach, as a result of not having a standalone selling price for the expanded license; that is, the total transaction price less the standalone selling prices of the Additional Supply of CCM to Allergan and Potential Future Improvements.

15

Under the Amended and Restated License Agreement, as amended, Allergan will indemnify the Company for third party claims arising from Allergan’s breach of the agreement, negligence or willful misconduct, or the exploitation of products by Allergan or its sublicensees. The Company will indemnify Allergan for third party claims arising from the Company’s breach of the agreement, negligence or willful misconduct, or the exploitation of products by the Company prior to the effective date. Allergan may terminate the Agreement for convenience upon one business days’ notice to the Company.

Revenue related to the Additional Supply of CCM to Allergan was deferred and was recognized at the point in time in which deliveries were completed. Revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was $0.3 million ($28 thousand of which was previously deferred). All deliveries of Additional Supply of CCM to Allergan have been completed as of March 31, 2021. Revenue related to the Potential Future Improvements has been deferred and amortized ratably over the remaining 9-year life of the patent, for which $5 thousand of previously deferred revenue was recognized in revenue during each of the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The $0.9 million residual amount of the total transaction price allocated to the expanded license was recognized as license revenue upon transfer of the license to Allergan in January 2020.

In August 2021, unrelated to the Allergan Agreements, the Company agreed to a sale of CCM under a purchase order with Allergan.  The CCM sold to Allergan was initially manufactured by the Company for research and development purposes in support of its product candidates. In September 2021, the Company recognized $0.6 million of product revenue related to the sale. The Company does not have any additional purchase orders with Allergan for fulfillment.

2022 Allergan Letter Agreement

Pursuant to the 2017 Allergan Amendment, Histogen had the right to a potential milestone payment of $5.5 million if Allergan’s net sales of products containing the Company’s CCM skin care ingredient exceeds $60.0 million in any calendar year through December 31, 2027. In lieu of the potential milestone payment of $5.5 million, the Company entered into a letter agreement on March 18, 2022 (the “Letter Agreement”) with Allegan. In consideration for the execution of the Letter Agreement, Histogen received a one-time payment equal to $3.8 million (the “Final Payment”) in March 2022. In exchange, among other things, the Company agreed that the Final Payment represents a full and final satisfaction of all money due to the Company pursuant to the License Agreement. The Company evaluated the 2022 Allergan Letter Agreement under ASC 606 and concluded that the performance obligation has been satisfied and therefore used point in time recognition. The Company recognized $3.8 million of license revenue related to the Letter Agreement during the three months ended March 31, 2022. The Letter Agreement did not have an impact on the remaining performance obligation to share with Allergan any Potential Future Improvements to CCM identified through the Company’s research and development efforts.

Remaining Performance Obligation and Deferred Revenue

The remaining performance obligation is the Company’s obligation to share with Allergan any Potential Future Improvements to CCM identified through the Company’s research and development efforts. Deferred revenue recorded for the Potential Future Improvements was $0.1 million as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Deferred revenue is classified in current portion of deferred revenue liabilities when the Company’s obligations to supply CCM or provide research for Potential Future Improvements are expected to be satisfied within twelve months of the balance sheet date.

Grant Revenue

In March 2017, the National Science Foundation (NSF), a government agency, awarded the Company a research and development grant to develop a novel wound dressing for infection control and tissue regeneration. Grant revenue recognized was $0 and $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021. As of March 31, 2021, the Company has completed all obligations under the NSF development grant and, as such, no longer generates any revenues in connection with the research and development grant.

Amerimmune Collaborative Development and Commercialization Agreement

In October 2020, the Company entered into a Collaborative Development and Commercialization Agreement (the “Amerimmune Agreement”) with Amerimmune to jointly develop emricasan for the potential treatment of COVID-19. The FDA approved an investigational new drug application (IND) to initiate a Phase 1 study of emricasan in mild COVID-19 patients to assess safety and tolerability in 2020. Under the Amerimmune Agreement, Amerimmune, at its expense and in collaboration with the Company, shall use commercially reasonable efforts to lead the development activities for emricasan. Amerimmune is responsible for conducting clinical trials and the Company agreed to provide reasonable quantities of emricasan for such purpose. Each party shall retain ownership of their legacy intellectual property and responsibility for ongoing patent application prosecution and maintenance costs. In

16

addition, the Company granted Amerimmune an exclusive option, subject to certain terms and conditions, to an exclusive license to develop and commercialize emricasan throughout the world during the term of the Amerimmune Agreement.  After exercise of the option, Amerimmune, alone or in conjunction with one or more strategic partners, will use its commercially reasonable efforts to develop, manufacture, and commercialize emricasan and the Company will share the profits equally with Amerimmune.  No consideration will be transferred to the Company until profits, as defined in the Amerimmune Agreement, are generated by Amerimmune from developing or commercializing products.

Pursuant to the terms of the Collaborative Agreement, each party shall retain ownership of their legacy intellectual property and responsibility for ongoing patent application prosecution and maintenance costs and will jointly own any intellectual property developed during the term of the agreement. In addition, the Company granted Amerimmune an exclusive option, subject to terms and conditions including completion of a Phase 2 clinical trial by Amerimmune during the research term, to obtain an exclusive license that, if granted by us, allows Amerimmune alone, or in conjunction with one or more strategic partners, to use its commercially reasonable efforts to develop, manufacture, and commercialize emricasan and other caspase modulators, including CTS-2090 and CTS-2096, and the Company will share the profits equally with Amerimmune. No consideration will be transferred to the Company until profits, as defined in the Amerimmune Agreement, are generated by Amerimmune from developing or commercializing products.

The Company has identified multiple promises to deliver goods and services, which include at the inception of the agreement: (i) a license to technology and patents, information, and know-how; (ii) supply of emricasan, and (iii) collaboration, including the Company’s participation in a Joint Development Committee and Joint Partnering Committee. At inception and through March 31, 2022, the Company has identified one performance obligation for all the deliverables under the Amerimmune Agreement since the delivered elements are either not capable of being distinct or are not distinct within the context of the contract. No upfront consideration was exchanged between the parties and any consideration received will be dependent on the successful execution of a qualifying strategic partnership, as defined, on the successful commercialization of emricasan, or upon a change in control of Amerimmune, as defined.  Although the Company will recognize revenue upon the occurrence of one of these events, no such events have occurred as of March 31, 2022.

On January 19, 2022, the Company provided a notice of material breach in connection with Amerimmune’s non-performance under the Collaborative Agreement and, on March 3, 2022, filed a demand for arbitration (“Arbitration Demand”). On March 11, 2022, Judicial Arbitration and Mediation Services, Inc. (“JAMS”) issued a Notice of Commencement of Arbitration letter, confirming the commencement of the arbitration as of that date. On March 8, 2022, Amerimmune provided written notice to exercise an option for additional license rights to develop additional products however, the Company has rejected Amerimmune’s election of the option and believes that Amerimmune no longer has such right to exercise the option based on, amongst other reasons, Histogen’s belief that the Agreement has been terminated as set forth in Histogen’s Arbitration Demand (refer to Note 8 for further information).

5. Paycheck Protection Program Loan

In April 2020, Private Histogen applied for and received loan proceeds in the amount of $0.5 million (the “PPP Loan”) under the PPP as government aid for payroll, rent, and utilities. The application for these funds required the Company to, in good faith, certify that the current economic uncertainty made the loan request necessary to support the ongoing operations of the Company. This certification further required the Company to take into account its current business activity and its ability to access other sources of liquidity sufficient to support ongoing operations in a manner that is not significantly detrimental to the business. The certification made by the Company did not contain any objective criteria and is subject to interpretation. Based in part on the Company’s assessment of other sources of liquidity, the uncertainty associated with future revenues created by the COVID-19 pandemic and related governmental responses, and the going concern uncertainty reflected in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2019, the Company believed in good faith that it met the eligibility requirements for the PPP Loan. If, despite the good-faith belief that given the Company’s circumstances all eligibility requirements for the PPP Loan were satisfied, it is later determined that the Company had violated any applicable laws or regulations or it is otherwise determined that the Company was ineligible to receive the PPP Loan, it may be required to repay the PPP Loan in its entirety and/or be subject to additional penalties and potential liabilities.

On June 5, 2020, the Paycheck Protection Program Flexibility Act was signed into law, extending the PPP Loan forgiveness period from eight weeks to twenty-four weeks after loan origination, extending the initial deferral period of principal and interest payments from six months to ten months after the loan forgiveness period, reducing the required amount of payroll expenditures from 75% to 60%, removing the prior ban on borrowers taking advantage of payroll tax deferral after loan forgiveness, and allowing for the amendment of the maturity date on existing loans from two years to five years.

On March 8, 2021 the Company applied for PPP loan forgiveness with its lender and subsequently received approval from the lender on April 2, 2021. The Company, in good faith, believes it maintained compliance with the PPP program requirements. On May 21, 2021, the Small Business Administration granted its forgiveness of 100% of the loan, or $0.5 million, which was recorded by the Company in the second quarter of 2021. The gain on forgiveness is reported as a component of other income in the condensed consolidated statement of operations.

17

6. Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock

The redeemable convertible preferred stock instruments are contingently redeemable preferred stock. Each series contains redemption features, voting rights, dividends, and conversion terms. The convertible preferred stock is presented on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as mezzanine equity.

March 2022 Offering

In March 2022, the Company completed a private placement offering (the “March 2022 Offering”) of (i) 2,500 shares of the Company’s Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Series A Preferred Stock”), and (ii) 2,500 shares of the Company’s Series B Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Series B Preferred Stock” and together with the Series A Preferred Stock, the “Preferred Stock”), in each case, at an offering price of $952.38 per share, representing a 5% original issue discount to the stated value of $1,000 per share of Preferred Stock, for gross proceeds from the Offerings of approximately $4.76 million, before the deduction of the placement agent’s fee and other offering expenses. The shares of Series A Preferred Stock have a stated value of $1,000 per share and are convertible, at a conversion price of $1.00 per share, into 2,500,000 shares of common stock. The shares of Series B Preferred Stock have a stated value of $1,000 per share and are convertible, at a conversion price of $1.00 per share, into 2,500,000 shares of common stock. The closing occurred on March 25, 2022. The proceeds of $4.76 million are held in escrow and will only be disbursed to the Company upon conversion of the Series A and Series B Preferred Stock. Since the redeemable convertible preferred stock may be redeemed at the option of the holder, but is not mandatorily redeemable, the redeemable preferred stock has been classified as mezzanine equity and initially recognized at fair value of $4.76 million as mezzanine equity on the accompanying balance sheets.

In connection with the March 2022 Offering, the Company entered in a Registration Rights Agreement and agreed to file by July 20, 2022 a resale registration statement (the “Resale Registration Statement”) with the SEC covering all shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Preferred Stock that remains outstanding and has not previously been redeemed by the Company, and to cause the Resale Registration Statement to become effective by September 18, 2022 or, in the event of a full review of the Resale Registration Statement by the SEC, by October 18, 2022.

The March 2022 Offering generated gross proceeds of $4.76 million and the Company incurred cash-based placement agent fees and other offering expenses of approximately $0.5 million. The proceeds are held in escrow and disbursed to the Company only upon conversion of the Series A and Series B Preferred Stock.  The proceeds are included within current assets on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

In addition, the Company’s placement agent was issued compensatory warrants to purchase up to 7.0% of the aggregate number of shares of Preferred Stock sold in the offering (on an as-converted to common stock basis), resulting in common stock warrants to purchase up to 350,000 shares of common stock, with an exercise price of 125% of the offering price, or $1.25 per share, which are exercisable 6 months after issuance on or after September 25, 2022, and expire five and a half (5.5) years following the date of issuance on September 25, 2027.

The placement agent warrants, which are recorded as a component of mezzanine equity, were valued at an aggregate of $34 thousand dollars using the Black Scholes option pricing model based upon the following assumptions: expected volatility of 78.90%, risk-free interest rate of 2.40%, expected dividend yield of 0%, and an expected term of 5.5 years.

As of March 31, 2022, the Company had 350,000 shares of common stock reserved for issuance pursuant to the placement agent’s warrants issued by the Company in the March 2022 Offering at an exercise price of $1.25 per share.

Voting Rights

The shares of Preferred Stock have no voting rights, except that they only have the right to vote, with the holders of common stock, as a single class on a proposal to approve an amendment to our certificate of incorporation to effect a reverse stock split of our issued and outstanding common stock within a range, to be determined by our board of directors and set forth in such proposal. The Company plans to seek stockholder approval for the Reverse Stock Split Proposal at its annual meeting of stockholders.

Each share of Series A Preferred Stock outstanding on April 14, 2022 (“the Record Date”) has a number of votes equal to the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of such share (whether or not such shares are then convertible). Accordingly, as of the Record Date, each share of Series A Preferred Stock has 3,776 votes, which is determined by dividing $1,000, the stated value of one share of Series A Preferred Stock, by $0.2648, the NASDAQ Minimum Price as of the closing on March 25, 2022. The holders

18

of the Series A Preferred Stock have agreed to not transfer their shares of Series A Preferred Stock until after the Annual Meeting and to vote all shares of Series A Preferred Stock in favor of the Reverse Stock Split Proposal.

Each share of Series B Preferred Stock outstanding on the Record Date entitles the holder thereof to cast 30,000 votes on the Reverse Stock Split Proposal. The holders of the Series B Preferred Stock have agreed to not transfer their shares of Series B Preferred Stock until after the Annual Meeting and to vote all shares of Series B Preferred Stock in the same proportion as the aggregate shares of Common Stock and Series A Preferred Stock are voted on the Reverse Stock Split Proposal. As an example, if 70% of the aggregate votes cast by Common Stock and Series A Preferred Stock voting on the Reverse Stock Split Proposal are voted in favor thereof and 30% of the aggregate votes cast by Common Stock and Series A Preferred Stock voting on the Reverse Stock Split Proposal are voted against such Proposal, then 70% of the votes entitled to be cast by Series B Preferred Stock will be cast in favor of the proposal and 30% of such votes will be cast against the proposal.

Dividends

The holders of the redeemable convertible preferred stock are entitled to receive dividends on shares of Preferred Stock equal (on an as-if-converted-to-Common-Stock basis, disregarding for such purpose any conversion limitations hereunder) to and in the same form as dividends actually paid on shares of the Common Stock when, as and if such dividends are paid on shares of the Common Stock. No other dividends shall be paid on shares of Preferred Stock.

Conversion Rights

Each share of Preferred Stock is convertible, at any time and from time to time from and after the Reverse Stock Split Date at the option of the Holder thereof, into that number of shares of Common Stock determined by dividing the stated value per share of preferred stock by the conversion price. The shares of Series A Preferred Stock has a stated value of $1,000 per share and are convertible, at a conversion price of $1.00 per share, into 2,500,000 shares of common stock. The shares of Series B Preferred Stock have a stated value of $1,000 per share and are convertible, at a conversion price of $1.00 per share, into 2,500,000 shares of common stock.

Redemption Rights

Each share of Preferred Stock is redeemable after (i) the earlier of (1) the receipt of authorized stockholder approval for the reverse stock split and (2) the date that is 90 days following the Original Issue Date of March 25, 2022, and (ii) before the date that is 120 days after the Original Issue Date or July 23, 2022 (the “Redemption Period”), each stockholder shall have the right to cause the Company to redeem all or part of such stockholder’s shares of Preferred Stock at a price per share equal to 105% of the stated value of $1,000 per share.

7. Stockholders’ Equity

Common Stock

January 2021 Offering of Common Stock

In January 2021, the Company completed an S-1 offering (the “January 2021 Offering”) of an aggregate of 11,600,000 shares of common stock, pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 2,400,000 shares of its common stock, and common stock warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 14,000,000 shares of common stock. To the extent that an investor determines, at their sole discretion, that they would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitations (or as such investor may otherwise choose), in lieu of purchasing shares of Common Stock and Common Warrants, such investor could have elected to purchase Pre-Funded Warrants and Common Warrants at the Pre-Funded Purchase Price in lieu of the shares of Common Stock and Common Warrants in such a manner to result in the same aggregate purchase price being paid by such investor to the Company. The combined purchase price of one share of common stock and the accompanying common stock warrant was $1.00, and the combined purchase price of one pre-funded warrant and accompanying common stock warrant was $0.9999. The common stock warrants are exercisable for five (5) years at an exercise price of $1.00 per share. The pre-funded warrants are immediately exercisable at an exercise price of $0.0001 per share and may be exercised at any time until all of the pre-funded warrants are exercised in full. Placement agent warrants were issued to purchase up to 700,000 shares of common stock, are immediately exercisable for an exercise price of $1.25, and are exercisable for five (5) years following the date of issuance. The Company received gross proceeds of $14.0 million and incurred placement agent’s fees and other offering expenses of approximately $1.9 million.

19

The warrants and placement agent warrants were valued at $7.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively, using the Black-Scholes option pricing model based on the following assumptions: expected volatility 80.08%, risk-free interest rate 0.38%, expected dividend yield 0%, and an expected term of 5.0 years.

As of March 31, 2022 a total of 6,721,200 warrants issued in the January 2021 Offering to purchase shares of common stock have been exercised and the Company issued 6,721,200 shares of its common stock. The Company received gross proceeds of approximately $6.8 million.

As of March 31, 2022, the Company had 7,751,300 shares and 227,500 shares of common stock reserved for issuance pursuant to the warrants and placement agent’s warrants, respectively, issued by the Company in the January 2021 Offering, at an exercise price of $1.00 per share and $1.25 per share, respectively.

June 2021 Offering of Common Stock

In June 2021, the Company completed a registered direct offering (the “June 2021 Offering”) of an aggregate of 5,977,300 shares of common stock, together with accompanying warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 4,781,840 shares of common stock, at a public offering price of $1.10 per share. The accompanying warrants permit the investor to purchase additional shares equal to 80% of the number of shares of the Company’s common stock purchased by the investor. The warrants have an exercise price of $1.00 per share, are immediately exercisable, and expire five and a half (5.5) years following the date of issuance. In addition, the Company’s placement agent was issued compensatory warrants equal to 5.0%, or 298,865 shares, of the aggregate number of common stock sold in the offering, which are immediately exercisable for an exercise price of $1.375 and expire five (5) years following the date of issuance on June 7, 2026. The Company received gross proceeds of $6.6 million and incurred cash-based placement agent fees and other offering expenses of approximately $0.9 million.

The warrants and placement agent warrants were valued at $3.0 million and $0.2 million, respectively, using a Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: expected volatility 81.44% and 80.15%, risk-free interest rate 0.88% and 0.77%, expected dividend yield 0% and 0%, and an expected term of 5.5 years or 5.0 years, respectively.

As of March 31, 2022, no warrants associated with the June 2021 Offering have been exercised.

As of March 31, 2022, the Company had 4,781,840 shares and 298,865 shares of common stock reserved for issuance pursuant to the warrants and placement agent’s warrants, respectively, issued by the Company in the June 2021 Offering, at an exercise price of $1.00 per share and $1.375 per share, respectively.

December 2021 Offering

In December 2021, the Company completed a registered direct offering (the “December 2021 Offering”) of an aggregate of 8,235,297 shares of common stock and 8,235,297 warrants to purchase up to 8,235,297 shares of common stock, at a public offering price of $0.425 per share. The accompanying warrants permit the investor to purchase additional shares equal to the same number of shares of the Company’s common stock purchased by the investor. The warrants have an exercise price of $0.425 per share, may be exercised any time on or after 6 months and one (1) day after the issuance date, and expire five and a half (5.5) years following the date of issuance. In addition, the Company’s placement agent was issued compensatory warrants equal to 5.0%, or 411,765 shares, of the aggregate number of shares of common stock sold in the offering, which are immediately exercisable for an exercise price of $0.5313 and expire five and a half (5.5) years following the date of issuance on June 21, 2027. The Company received gross proceeds of $3.5 million and incurred cash-based placement agent fees and other offering expenses of approximately $0.5 million.

The placement agent warrants, which are recorded as a component of stockholders’ equity, were valued at an aggregate $0.1 million using the Black-Scholes option pricing model based on the following assumptions: expected volatility of 79.81%, risk-free interest rate of 1.21%, expected dividend yield of 0% and an expected term of 5.5 years.

As of March 31, 2022, no warrants associated with the December 2021 Offering have been exercised.

As of March 31, 2022, the Company had 8,235,297 shares and 411,765 shares of common stock reserved for issuance pursuant to the warrants and placement agent’s warrants, respectively, issued by the Company in the December 2021 Offering, at an exercise price of $0.425 per share and $0.5313 per share, respectively.

20

Common Stock Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park

In July 2020, the Company entered into a common stock purchase agreement (the “2020 Purchase Agreement”) with Lincoln Park which provides that, upon the terms and subject to the conditions and limitations in the 2020 Purchase Agreement,  Lincoln Park is committed to purchase up to an aggregate of $10.0 million of shares of the Company’s common stock at the Company’s request from time to time during a 24 month period that began in July 2020 and at prices based on the market price of the Company’s common stock at the time of each sale. Upon execution of the 2020 Purchase Agreement, the Company sold 328,516 shares of common stock at $3.04399 per share to Lincoln Park for gross proceeds of $1.0 million. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company sold an additional 300,000 shares of common stock to Lincoln Park for gross proceeds of approximately $0.5 million. In addition, in consideration for entering into the 2020 Purchase Agreement and concurrently with the execution of the 2020 Purchase Agreement, the Company issued 66,964 shares of its common stock to Lincoln Park.  During the three months ended March 31, 2022 the Company did not sell any shares of common stock to Lincoln Park and approximately $8.5 million, or 1.6 million shares of common stock, remains available for sale under the 2020 Purchase Agreement, subject to limitations on the amount of securities the Company may sell under its effective registration statement on Form S-3 within any 12-month period.    

Common Stock Warrants

In 2016, Private Histogen issued warrants to purchase common stock as consideration for settlement of prior liability claims. The warrants for the purchase of up to 3,583 common shares at an exercise price of $23.08 per share expired on July 31, 2021.

In addition, at March 31, 2022, warrants to purchase 1,346 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $74.30 per share remain outstanding that were issued by Conatus in connection with obtaining financing in 2016. These warrants expire on July 3, 2023.

See warrant discussion above in connection with the January 2021 Offering, the June 2021 Offering, and the December 2021 Offering.

Stock-Based Compensation

Equity Incentive Plans

On December 18, 2017, Private Histogen established the Histogen Inc. 2017 Stock Plan (the “2017 Plan”). Under the 2017 Plan, Private Histogen was authorized to issue a maximum aggregate of 837,208 shares of common stock with adjustments for unissued or forfeited shares under the predecessor plan (the Histogen Inc. 2007 Stock Plan). In April 2019, Private Histogen amended the 2017 Plan, which increased the number of common stock available for grants by 326,711 shares. The 2017 Plan permitted the issuance of incentive stock options (“ISOs”), non-statutory stock options (“NSOs”), and Stock Purchase Rights. NSOs could be granted to employees, directors, or consultants, while ISOs could be granted only to employees. Options granted vest over a maximum period of four years and expire ten years from the date of grant. In connection with the closing of the Merger, no further awards will be made under the 2017 Plan.

In May 2020, in connection with the closing of the Merger, the Company’s stockholders approved the Company’s 2020 Incentive Award Plan (the “2020 Plan”). The maximum number of shares of the Company’s common stock available for issuance under the 2020 Plan equals the sum of (a) 850,000 shares; (b) any shares of common stock of the Company which are subject to awards under the Conatus 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Conatus 2013 Plan”) as of the effective date of the 2020 Plan which become available for issuance under the 2020 Plan after such date in accordance with its terms; and (c) an annual increase on the first day of each calendar year beginning with the January 1 of the calendar year following the effectiveness of the 2020 Plan and ending with the last January 1 during the initial ten-year term of the 2020 Plan, equal to the lesser of (i) five percent of the number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding (on an as-converted basis) on the final day of the immediately preceding calendar year, and (ii) such lesser number of shares of the Company’s common stock as determined by the Company’s board of directors.

Additionally, in connection with the closing of the Merger, no further awards will be made under the Conatus 2013 Plan. As of March 31, 2022, 97,930 fully vested options remain outstanding under the Conatus 2013 Plan with a weighted average exercise price of $42.90 per share.

21

The following summarizes the activity related to the Company’s stock options under the 2017 Plan and the 2020 Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2022:

	Options Outstanding			Weighted- average Exercise Price		Weighted- average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Outstanding at December 31, 2021		2,228,291		$	1.88		6.78	$	—
Granted		1,056,636			0.25
Cancelled / Forfeited		(405,565	)		3.96
Outstanding at March 31, 2022		2,879,362		$	0.99		7.54	$	8
Vested and exercisable at March 31, 2022		1,033,119		$	1.57		3.90	$	—

Prior Chief Executive Officer Stock Options

On January 24, 2019, the Company issued 485,178 stock options to its then newly appointed Chief Executive Officer. In accordance with the original award agreement, 40% of the options would vest immediately upon an initial public offering or 45 days following a change in control, as defined in the award agreement, while the remaining 60% are subject to vesting, of which 25% vest on the first anniversary of the grant date and then ratably over the remaining 36 months.

On January 28, 2020, the award agreement was amended, which became effective upon the close of the Merger in May 2020, whereby the 40% of stock options (“Liquidity Option Shares”) subject to vesting upon an initial public offering or 45 days following a change in control will now vest immediately upon meeting certain performance and market condition-based criteria. The vesting of the Liquidity Option Shares is divided into four separate tranches, each vesting 25% of the Liquidity Option Shares, upon: (1) the closing of the proposed merger with Conatus; (2) the date that the market capitalization of the Company exceeds $200.0 million; (3) the date that the market capitalization of the Company exceeds $275.0 million, and; (4) the date that the market capitalization of the Company exceeds $300.0 million. Each vesting tranche represents a unique derived service period and therefore stock-based compensation expense for each vesting tranche is recognized on a straight-line basis over its respective derived service period. Additionally, in the event that the Chief Executive Officer’s employment with the Company is terminated without cause or he resigns for good reason, an additional portion of the stock options award will vest equal to the number of such options which would have vested in the 12 months following the date of such termination.

On May 26, 2020, in connection with the closing of the Merger, 48,517 options of the Liquidity Option Shares became fully vested as the performance condition was achieved.

In November 2021, the Company’s then President and Chief Executive Officer voluntarily resigned. No further stock-based compensation expense related to the market-based options will be recognized. As of March 31, 2022, the vested option awards expired unexercised.

Board of Directors and Employee Stock Options

In March 2021, in conjunction with a former Board Member’s voluntary resignation, the Company modified share-based payment awards by accelerating the vesting of all awards that were unvested at the time of his voluntary resignation and by extending the exercise period through December 31, 2021. As a result of the modification, the Company recorded an immaterial amount of additional stock-based compensation expense during the year ended December 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2021, the awards expired unexercised.

In June 2021, in conjunction with a former employees’ voluntary resignation, the Company modified share-based payment awards by accelerating the vesting of all awards that were unvested at the time of the voluntary resignation and by extending the exercise period through August 29, 2023.

22

Valuation of Stock Option Awards

The following weighted-average assumptions were used to calculate the fair value of awards granted to employees, non-employees, and directors:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022			2021
Expected volatility		79.0	%	77.8%  - 80.3%
Risk-free interest rate		1.9	%	0.72% - 1.17%
Expected option life (in years)		6.08		6.00 - 6.08
Expected dividend yield		—	%		—	%

Restricted Stock Units

On November 8, 2021, the Company granted 468,449 restricted stock units to the Company’s Interim Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, and Senior Vice President of Technical Operations. The fair value of the RSUs was $0.73 per share, which was the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The RSUs vest in full upon the earlier of (1) 12 months following the grant date and (2) a change of control of the Company, as defined in the Company’s 2020 Plan, and subject to continued service to the Company. In addition, the RSUs awarded to the Company’s Interim Chief Executive Officer are further accelerated in full upon the hiring of a permanent Chief Executive Officer.

The compensation cost that has been included in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations for all stock-based compensation arrangements is detailed as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022		2021
General and administrative	$	135	$	177
Research and development		30		32
Total	$	165	$	209

As of March 31, 2022, total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested options and RSUs was approximately $1.0 million which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.5 years.

Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance

Common stock reserved for future issuance is as follows:

	As of March 31,
	2022		2021
Common stock warrants		24,076,140		10,009,456
Common stock options issued and outstanding		2,977,292		2,672,963
Common stock available for issuance under stock plans		1,962,825		289,179
Redeemable convertible preferred stock		5,000,000		—
		34,016,257		12,971,598

8. Commitments and Contingencies

Leases

In January 2020, Private Histogen entered into a long-term operating lease with San Diego Sycamore, LLC (“Sycamore”) for its headquarters which includes office and laboratory space. The lease commenced on March 1, 2020 and expires on August 31, 2031, with no options to renew or extend. The lease was accounted for as a modification of Private Histogen’s existing lease with Sycamore as the lease agreement did not grant Private Histogen an additional right-of-use asset.

The terms of the lease agreement include six months of rent abatement at lease commencement and a tenant improvement allowance of up to $2.2 million. The tenant improvements are required to be permanently affixed to the leased office and laboratory space and do not constitute leasehold improvements of the Company. During the construction period of the tenant improvements, the lease agreement requires the Company to relocate its operations to a similar Sycamore property whereby monthly rent is substantially

23

reduced for the duration of the construction period. The lease is subject to additional variable charges for common area maintenance, insurance, taxes, and other operating costs. At lease commencement, the Company recognized a right-of-use asset and operating lease liability totaling approximately $4.5 million. The Company used a discount rate based on its estimated incremental borrowing rate to determine the right-of-use asset and operating lease liability amounts to be recognized. The Company determined its incremental borrowing rate based on the term and lease payments of the new operating lease and what it would normally pay to borrow, on a collateralized basis, over a similar term for an amount equal to the lease payments. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The terms of the lease required the Company to provide the landlord a security deposit of $0.3 million as collateral for a letter of credit issued to be held throughout the lease term. This security deposit is shown as restricted cash on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

In June 2021, the Company entered into the First Amendment to Lease (the “Amendment”). Pursuant to the Amendment, among other things, the Company and Sycamore agreed (i) to substitute the temporary premises, (ii) to delay the start of construction and the timing of the Company’s relocation to the replacement temporary premises, (iii) to increase the tenant improvement allowance from $2.2 million to $2.3 million, (iv) to increase the letter of credit amount from $0.3 million to $0.4 million upon commencement of the tenant improvements, and (v) to review potential subsequent reductions to the security deposit and related letter of credit requirement at certain time intervals along the lease term provided that the Company is not in default. As a result of the modification, the lease liability was remeasured using the incremental borrowing rate at the modification date and a corresponding reduction of $0.3 million was recorded to both the lease liability and right-of-use-asset.

In connection with the closing of the Merger, the Company assumed Conatus’ noncancelable operating lease agreement, as amended, for certain office space with a lease term that expired on September 30, 2020. Upon close of the Merger, the Company recognized a right-of-use asset and operating lease liability in the amount of $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, related to the Conatus lease. Prior to the Merger, Conatus entered into a sub-lease agreement with a third party to lease the whole office space for the remainder of the lease term.

The Company leases certain office equipment that is classified as a finance lease. As of March 31, 2022, the weighted-average remaining term of the Company’s operating and finance lease was approximately 9.5 years and 2 years, respectively.

The Company recognizes right-of-use assets and lease liabilities at the lease commencement date based on the present value of future minimum lease payments over the lease term. The discount rate used to determine the present value of the lease payments is the rate implicit in the lease unless that rate cannot be readily determined, in which case, the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate in determining the present value of the future minimum lease payments. As of March 31, 2022, the weighted-average discount rate for the Company’s operating and finance lease was 12.2% and 10.0%, respectively.

The Company does not record leases with an initial term of 12 months or less on the consolidated balance sheets. Expense for these short-term leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company has elected the practical expedient to combine lease and non-lease components into a single component for all classes of underlying assets.

At March 31, 2022, future minimum payments of lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands):

	Operating Lease			Finance Lease
2022 (Remaining 9 months)	$	570		$	8
2023		780			10
2024		803			4
2025		827			—
2026		853			—
Thereafter		4,330			—
Total minimum lease payments		8,163			22
Less: imputed interest		(3,400	)		(2	)
Total future minimum lease payments		4,763			20
Less: current obligations under leases		(200	)		(9	)
Noncurrent lease obligations	$	4,563		$	11

24

PUR Settlement

In April 2019, Private Histogen entered into a Settlement, Release and Termination Agreement (“PUR Settlement”) with PUR Biologics, LLC and its members which terminated the License, Supply and Operating Agreements between Private Histogen and PUR, eliminated Private Histogen’s membership interest in PUR and returned all in-process research and development assets to Private Histogen (the “Development Assets”). The agreement also provided indemnifications and complete releases by and among the parties. The acquisition of the Development Assets was accounted for as an asset acquisition in accordance with ASC 805-50-50, Acquisition of Assets Rather than a Business.

As consideration for the reacquisition of the Development Assets, Private Histogen compensated PUR with both equity and cash components, including 167,323 shares of Series D convertible preferred stock with a fair value of $1.75 million and a potential cash payout of up to $6.25 million (the “Cap Amount”). Private Histogen paid PUR $0.5 million in upfront cash, forgave approximately $22 thousand of accounts receivable owed by PUR to Private Histogen, and settled an outstanding payable of PUR of approximately $23 thousand owed to a third party. The Company is also obligated to make milestone and royalty payments, including (a) a $0.4 million payment upon the unconditional acceptance and approval of a New Drug Application or Pre-Market Approval Application by the FDA related to the Development Assets, (b) a $0.4 million commercialization milestone upon reaching gross sales (by the Company or licensee) of the $0.5 million of products incorporating the Development Assets, and (c) a five percent (5%) royalty on net revenues collected by Histogen from commercial sales (by the Company or licensee) of products incorporating the Development Assets. The aforementioned cash payments, along with any future milestone and royalty payments, are all applied against the Cap Amount. In accordance with authoritative guidance, amounts for the milestone and royalty payments will be recognized when it is probable that the related contingent liability has been incurred and the amount owed is reasonably estimated. No amounts for the milestone and royalty payments have been recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and year ended December 31, 2021.

Litigation and Legal Matters

The Company is subject to claims and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. Such matters are inherently uncertain, and there can be no guarantee that the outcome of any such matter will be decided favorably to the Company or that the resolution of any such matter will not have a material adverse effect upon the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company accrues a liability for such matters when it is probable that future expenditures will be made, and such expenditures can be reasonably estimated. As of March 31, 2022, no accruals have been made and no liability recognized related to commitments and contingencies.

Employee Litigation

On or about February 17, 2022, two former employees, each of whom separately resigned and terminated their employment with Histogen, filed a complaint in the Superior Court of California, County of San Diego against the Company, the Company’s Board of Directors, the Company’s former Chief Executive Officer, as well as three individuals that are currently employed by the Company. Although the complaint lists the “Histogen Board of Directors, a business entity form unknown” as a defendant, the complaint does not specifically list the names of the board members. The plaintiffs allege whistleblower status, retaliation, discrimination, unfair business practices, wrongful termination, violation of civil rights, and other California state law claims. The Company has tendered the complaint to its liability insurer and engaged outside litigation counsel, as approved by its carrier, to defend Histogen, the Board of Directors and the individuals in this matter. The Company objects to the naming of each of the defendants in this matter and denies each of the plaintiffs’ claims. The plaintiffs agreed to pre-arbitration mediation, which was conducted on May 4, 2022, as was required by the arbitration agreement executed by each of the plaintiffs. Considering that the parties did not resolve the matter through this mediation, the Company expects to petition the San Diego Superior Court for an order that the matter be submitted to arbitration consistent with each of the plaintiff’s arbitration agreements. The Company believes that our defense costs, settlement monies, damages or any other awards would be covered by our liability insurance; provided, however, insurance may not cover all claims or could exceed our insurance coverage. The Company believes that there are substantial defenses to this lawsuit, and we intend to vigorously defend against each of these claims. While this litigation matter is in the early stages, the Company believes the action is without merit. Nonetheless, the ultimate outcome is unknown at this time.

Amerimmune Collaborative Development and Commercialization Agreement

On March 3, 2022, the Company filed a demand for arbitration (“Arbitration Demand”) with JAMS in the county of San Diego, against Amerimmune LLC (“Amerimmune”) seeking a declaratory judgment that Amerimmune has materially breached the Collaborative Agreement entered into by and between the Company and Amerimmune on October 26, 2020, and that Histogen is therefore entitled to terminate the Collaborative Agreement in accordance with its terms. The Company further brought the Arbitration

25

Demand for breach of contract, seeking an award of specific performance requiring Amerimmune to comply with the terms of the Agreement, which provide that, in the event of termination for material breach, all rights and licenses granted to Amerimmune by the Company shall terminate, and Amerimmune shall cease any and all development, manufacture and commercialization activities under the Agreement, and any and all rights granted by the Company to Amerimmune revert to Histogen. In the event that specific performance is not awarded, the Company is pursuing in the alternative a cause of action for breach of contract, seeking an award of damages for such breach in an amount to be determined at hearing. And finally, the Company is pursuing a claim for misappropriation of trade secrets, seeking an award of damages in an amount to be determined at hearing.

On March 8, 2022, Amerimmune provided written notice to exercise an option for additional license rights to develop additional products, provided, however, the Company has rejected Amerimmune’s election of the option and believes that Amerimmune no longer has such right to exercise the option based on, amongst other reasons, Histogen’s belief that the Agreement has been terminated as set forth in Histogen’s Arbitration Demand. On March 11, 2022, JAMS issued a Notice of Commencement of Arbitration letter, confirming the commencement of the arbitration as of that date. During the Arbitration, the Company expects Amerimmune and the Company to continue to support planning of a Phase 2 trial of emricasan for the treatment of COVID-19. In the event that the Company is successful on its claims as set forth in the Company’s Arbitration Demand and the Agreement is terminated, the Company intends to develop emricasan for COVID-19 and other infectious and inflammatory diseases independently at its discretion.

There can be no assurances that the Arbitration will result in the Company’s favor. If the Collaborative Agreement is not terminated and the rights granted by the Company to Amerimmune do not revert back to the Company, it is expected that the Company will continue to jointly develop emricasan pursuant to the terms of the Collaborative Agreement. The ultimate outcome of this Arbitration is unknown at this time.

9. Related Parties

Lordship

Lordship, with its predecessor entities along with its principal owner, Jonathan Jackson, have invested and been affiliated with Private Histogen since 2010. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, Lordship controlled approximately 4.7% of the Company’s outstanding voting shares and currently holds two Board of Director seats.

In November 2012, Private Histogen entered into a Strategic Relationship Success Fee Agreement with Lordship (the “Success Fee Agreement”). The Success Fee Agreement causes certain payments to be made from the Company to Lordship equal to 1% of certain product revenues and 10% of certain license and royalty revenues. The Success Fee Agreement also stipulates that, if the Company engages in a merger or sale of all or substantially all (defined as 90% or more) of its assets or equity to a third party, then the Company has the option to terminate the agreement by paying Lordship the fair market value of future payments with the minimum payment being at least equal to the most recent annual payments Lordship has received. The Success Fee Agreement was amended in August 2016, but continues to carry the same rights to certain payments. Histogen recognized an expense to Lordship for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 totaling $0.4 million and $3 thousand, respectively, all of which is included in general and administrative expenses on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there was a balance of $11 thousand and $12 thousand, respectively, paid to Lordship included in other assets on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet in connection with the deferral of revenue from the Allergan License Agreements.

26

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with (i) our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2022 (this “Quarterly Report”). This information should also be read in conjunction with our audited historical consolidated financial statements which are included in our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 (“Form 10-K”). References to the Company’s operating results prior to the Merger will refer to the operating results of Private Histogen. Except as otherwise indicated herein or as the context otherwise requires, references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to “Histogen” “the Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Histogen Inc., a Delaware corporation, on a post-Merger basis, and the term “Private Histogen” refers to the business of privately-held Histogen Inc. prior to completion of the Merger.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Quarterly Report are forward-looking statements, including statements regarding:

• our ability to regain compliance with Nasdaq’s continued listing requirements;

• our ability to obtain funding for our operations, including funding necessary to complete further development and any commercialization of our product candidates;

• our expectations regarding the potential benefits of our strategy and technology;

• our expectations regarding the arbitration proceeding related to emricasan and the joint development agreement with Amerimmune for COVID-19 and other infectious and inflammatory diseases at our discretion;

• our expectations regarding the operation of our product candidates, collaborations and related benefits;

• our beliefs regarding the success, cost and timing of our product candidate development and collaboration activities and current and future clinical trials and studies;

• our beliefs regarding the potential markets for our product candidates, collaborations and our collaborators’ ability to serve those markets;

• any impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, or responses to the pandemic, on our business, collaborations, clinical trials or personnel;

• our beliefs regarding our industry;

• our ability to attract and retain key personnel;

• regulatory developments in the United States and foreign countries, with respect to our product candidates; and

• the expected impact of any arbitration and litigation proceedings on our business, cash resources and the time required by management to address such proceedings.

These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance, and achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance, or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” “continue,” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements are only predictions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report and are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, including those described in Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors.” The events and circumstances reflected in our forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur and actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment.  New risk factors and uncertainties may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for management to predict all risk factors and

27

uncertainties. Except as required by applicable law, we do not plan to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements contained herein, whether as a result of any new information, future events, changed circumstances or otherwise.

We have common law trademark rights in the unregistered marks “Histogen Inc.,” “Histogen Therapeutics Inc.,” “Histogen,” and the Histogen logo in certain jurisdictions. Solely for convenience, trademarks and tradenames referred to in this Quarterly Report appear without the ® and ™ symbols, but those references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights or that the applicable owner will not assert its rights, to these trademarks and tradenames.

Overview

We are a clinical-stage therapeutics company focused on developing our proprietary hypoxia-generated growth factor technology platform and stem cell-free biologic products as potential first-in-class restorative therapeutics that ignite the body’s natural process to repair and maintain healthy biological function.

Our proprietary hypoxia-generated growth factor technology is based on the discovery that growing fibroblast cells under simulated embryonic conditions induces them to become multipotent with stem cell-like properties. The environment created by our proprietary process mimics the conditions within the womb — very low oxygen and suspension culture. When incubated under these conditions, the fibroblast cells generate biological materials, growth factors and proteins, that have the potential to stimulate a person’s own stem cells to activate and replace/regenerate damaged cells and tissue. Our proprietary manufacturing process provides targeted solutions that harness the body’s inherent regenerative power across a broad range of therapeutic indications including joint cartilage regeneration, spinal disc repair and tendon and other soft tissue repair.

Our manufacturing process yields multiple biologic products from a single bioreactor, including cell conditioned medium (CCM) and human extracellular matrix (hECM), creating a spectrum of product candidates for a variety of markets from one core technology.

• Human Multipotent Cell Conditioned Media, or CCM: A soluble multipotent CCM that is the starting material for products for skin care and other applications. The liquid complex produced through Histogen’s manufacturing process contains soluble biologicals with a diverse range of embryonic-like proteins. Because the cells produce and secrete these factors while developing the extracellular matrix, or ECM, these proteins are naturally secreted into the liquid media. The CCM contains a diverse mixture of cell-signaling materials, including human growth factors such as Keratinocyte Growth Factor, soluble human ECM proteins such as collagen, protease inhibitors to prevent the turn-over of ECM, and other vital proteins which support the stem cells that renew cells throughout life.

• Human Extracellular Matrix, or hECM: An insoluble hECM for applications such as orthopedics and soft tissue augmentation, which can be fabricated into a variety of structural or functional forms for tissue engineering and clinical applications. The hECM produced through our proprietary process is a novel, all-human, naturally secreted and crosslinked material. It is most ECM present in similar to early embryonic structural tissue which provides the framework and signals necessary for cell in-growth and tissue development. By producing similar ECM materials to those that aided in the original formation of these tissues in the embryo, regenerative cells are supported in this structural microenvironment and have shown potential as therapeutics in vivo.

Under our biologics technology platform, our product candidates in development are HST-003, a treatment for joint cartilage repair, and HST-004, a treatment for spinal disc repair. In addition, within our small molecule pipeline, our product candidates include emricasan, CTS-2090 and CTS-2096. Currently, emricasan is being developed both jointly with our collaboration partner, Amerimmune, for the treatment of COVID-19, and we are evaluating the use of emricasan for other infectious diseases, including for the treatment of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (“MRSA”). We also have preclinical product candidates, CTS-2090 and CTS-2096, novel, potent, orally bioavailable, and highly selective small molecule inhibitors of caspase-1 designed for the treatment of certain inflammatory diseases.

Biologics Technology Platform

• HST 003 is a human extracellular matrix, or hECM, intended for regenerating hyaline cartilage for the treatment of articular cartilage defects in the knee, with a novel, malleable scaffold that stimulates the body’s own stem cells. In September 2020, we were awarded a $2.0 million grant by the Peer Reviewed Orthopaedic Research Program (“PRORP”) of the U.S. Department of Defense (“DoD”) to partially fund a Phase 1/2 clinical trial of HST-003 for regeneration of cartilage in the knee. The U.S. Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity, 820 Chandler Street, Fort Detrick MD, 21702, is the awarding and administering acquisition office. The views expressed in this filing are ours and may not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, DoD, or the U.S. Government. In December 2020, we filed an investigational new drug application (“IND”) for the initiation of a Phase 1/2 clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of HST-003, implanted within microfracture interstices and the cartilage defect in the knee to regenerate hyaline cartilage in combination with a microfracture procedure. In January 2021, we announced that the FDA had notified the company that the IND for the planned Phase 1/2 clinical

28

trial of HST-003 was placed on clinical hold. The hold was due to additional chemistry, manufacturing, and controls (“CMC”) information required for the FDA to complete their review.  Following the receipt of the written clinical hold letter on February 3, 2021, we submitted a complete response letter to the FDA on February 19, 2021. In March 2021, the FDA confirmed that Histogen had satisfactorily addressed all clinical hold questions and could proceed with initiation of the planned Phase 1/2 clinical trial of HST-003. In June 2021, we initiated the trial and to date have had patient recruitment challenges due to the specific nature of the study inclusion criteria and the impact of COVID-19 on the elective surgery environment. Additional qualified clinical sites have been added to help supplement recruitment and we will continue to evaluate the need to add more sites and study resources. We now anticipate top line results in the first half of 2023 assuming we complete enrollment in the fourth quarter of 2022.

• HST 004 is a CCM solution intended to be administered through an intradiscal injection for spinal disc repair. Initial preclinical research has shown that the growth- and repair-factor enriched HST-004 stimulates stem cells from the spinal disc to proliferate and secrete aggrecan and collagen II, regenerate normal matrix and cell tissue structure, and restore disc height. HST-004 was also shown to both reduce inflammation and protease activity and upregulate aggrecan production in an ex vivo spinal disc model. In the second quarter of 2021, we initiated IND enabling activities for HST-004. However, due to pipeline program prioritization, we would not expect to make an IND filing for HST-004 until the second half of 2023.

CCM Skin Care Ingredient

• We have also developed a non-prescription topical skin care ingredient utilizing CCM that we believe harnesses the power of growth factors and other cell signaling molecules to support our epidermal stem cells, which renew skin throughout life. The CCM ingredient for skin care is licensed to Allergan PLC (“Allergan”), who formulates the ingredient into their skin care product lines.

Small Molecule Pipeline

• Emricasan is an orally available pan-caspase inhibitor currently being developed both in collaboration with Amerimmune, for the treatment of COVID-19, and we are evaluating the use of emricasan for other infectious diseases, including for the treatment of MRSA. In October 2020, we entered into the Collaborative Agreement with Amerimmune. Under the Collaborative Agreement, during the agreed upon research term, Amerimmune, at its own expense and in collaboration with us, is required to use commercially reasonable efforts to lead the development activities for emricasan, limited to the treatment of COVID-19. We believe that, for numerous reasons set forth in our demand for arbitration (“Arbitration Demand”), Amerimmune has failed to undertake commercially reasonable efforts towards the development of emricasan as required by the Collaborative Agreement. Therefore, we are currently seeking, amongst other remedies, a declaratory judgment that Amerimmune has materially breached the Collaborative Agreement.  In which case, we would be entitled to terminate the Collaborative Agreement thereby terminating all rights and licenses granted to Amerimmune by us, and we would then have the rights to independently proceed with the development of emricasan for the treatment of COVID-19 and other infectious and inflammatory diseases at our discretion. At this time, we continue to operate under the terms of the existing Collaborative Agreement for the joint development of emricasan for the treatment of COVID-19.

Prior to initiating the Arbitration Demand, we filed and received permission from the FDA for an IND to initiate a Phase 1 study of emricasan in mild COVID-19 patients to assess safety and tolerability.  In June 2021, we along with our partner, Amerimmune, announced top line results from the Phase 1 study of emricasan in mild symptomatic COVID-19 patients to assess safety, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy. The study demonstrated that emricasan was safe and well-tolerated during the 14 days of dosing and at the day 45 follow-up, as compared to placebo with no reports of serious adverse events. Patients who completed treatment with emricasan had a complete resolution of the symptoms most commonly associated with mild COVID-19, such as cough, headache, and fatigue at day 7 and continued through day 45. No patients in the placebo arm who completed the study experienced COVID-19 associated symptom resolution at any time point out to day 14. Some of the placebo patients did have COVID-19 symptom resolution at day 30 while others experienced symptoms that persisted at day 45. A total of 13 subjects were consented and randomized to receive either placebo or 25 mg emricasan orally, BID for 14 days. PK samples, taken at day 14 of the study to check for compliance, revealed that one patient in the treatment arm did not show any indications of emricasan or its known metabolites in plasma, leading to a reclassification of the patient for the subsequent analysis shown in Figure 1. Additionally, there were no serious adverse events reported, and the emricasan group had fewer adverse events compared to placebo; 33 vs 66%, respectively.  As compared with placebo, the proportional odds of having a worse score on an eight-level ordinal scale (persistence of a score of 3) with emricasan was 0.1 (95% CI, 0.006 to 1.544) at day 14 and 0.12 (95% CI, 0 to 3.41) at days 30 and 45.  The time to complete resolution of symptoms was shorter in the emricasan group compared to placebo (hazard ratio, 5.3, 95% CI, 1.005 to 27.9) (Figure 1).

29

Figure 1. Per-protocol analysis of time to complete resolution of symptoms. Symptoms were defined by the 14-point questionnaire recommended by the FDA for outpatient COVID-19 studies.  For the first 14 days, patients had daily tele-visits.  In-person follow up visits were conducted on days 14, 30 and 45. The Kaplan-Meier plots for time-to-recovery show faster recovery in patients treated with emricasan, with a median of 5 (interquartile range 4-6 days) vs 37 days (interquartile range of 30-45) for participants randomized to the placebo group. The mean number of days to recovery for patients was 4.8 days with a SD=0.83 in the emricasan arm and 37.5 days, SD=8.2 in the placebo arm (p=0.001).

We believe that Amerimmune has failed to undertake commercially reasonable efforts toward conducting and completing the Phase 2 study as required by the Collaborative Agreement. As part of our Arbitration Demand, we have asked the arbitrator to terminate the Collaborative Agreement so that we can choose to conduct and complete the Phase 2 study independently. There can be no assurances that the Arbitration Demand will result in our favor and terminate the Collaborative Agreement. If the Collaborative Agreement is not terminated, we will likely continue to jointly develop emricasan pursuant to the terms of the Collaborative Agreement. In either case, we anticipate a Phase 2 study could be initiated in the second half of 2022 at the discretion of the Company.

Independently, we are exploring the feasibility of testing emricasan in animal studies of other infectious diseases, initially focused on MRSA. We anticipate completing the feasibility assessment in the second half of 2022.

• CTS-2090 and CTS-2096 are selective caspase-1 inhibitors targeting inflammasome activation and have potential to intervene in a variety of inflammation mediated diseases. In our internal small molecule program, we have assembled a proprietary portfolio of orally active molecules that inhibit inflammasome pathways and thus the activation of the potent inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β, or IL-1β. Inhibition of IL-1β is a clinically validated approach to treating inflammatory diseases, with injectable biologic products using that mechanism of action already on the market. The NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, for example, is dependent upon caspase-1, which activates IL-1β. As such, caspase-1 occupies a uniquely central position in the inflammasome pathway, and we have leveraged our scientific expertise in caspase research and development to design potent, selective and orally bioavailable inhibitors of caspase-1. Excess IL-1β has been linked to a variety of diseases including rare genetic inflammatory diseases, cancer, liver and other gastrointestinal diseases, and cardiovascular diseases.

Our caspase-1 pipeline include preclinical product candidates CTS-2090 and CTS-2096. The selection of product candidate, CTS-2090, as a lead compound is based on its preclinical profile, including high selectivity for caspase-1, and drug-like properties showing a high degree of drug exposure in the intestinal track after oral administration. Similarly, we intend to evaluate CTS-2096, as an additional caspase-1 inhibitor drug candidate, and are in the process of exploring its drug like properties.

30

Merger

On January 28, 2020, the Company, then operating as Conatus, entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization, as amended (the “Merger Agreement”), with privately-held Histogen Inc. (“Private Histogen”) and Chinook Merger Sub, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Conatus (“Merger Sub”). Under the Merger Agreement, Merger Sub merged with and into Private Histogen, with Private Histogen surviving as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Merger”). On May 26, 2020, the Merger was completed. Conatus changed its name to Histogen Inc., and Private Histogen, which remains as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, changed its name to Histogen Therapeutics Inc. On May 27, 2020, the combined company’s common stock began trading on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the ticker symbol “HSTO.”

Coronavirus (COVID-19)

On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (“WHO”) announced a global health emergency because of a new strain of coronavirus originating in Wuhan, China (the “COVID-19 outbreak”) and the risks to the international community as the virus spreads globally beyond its point of origin. In March 2020, the WHO classified the COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic, based on the rapid increase in exposure globally.

The cumulative effect the associated disruptions have had, and may continue to have, an adverse impact on the Company’s business and its results of operations. The full impact of the COVID-19 outbreak continues to evolve as of the date of this Quarterly Report and will depend on future developments that are highly uncertain and unpredictable, including efficacy and adoption of vaccines, future resurgences of the virus and its variants, and the speed at which government restrictions are lifted. As such, it is uncertain as to the full magnitude that the pandemic will have on the Company’s financial condition, liquidity, and future results of operations. Management is actively monitoring the situation on its financial condition, liquidity, operations, customers, suppliers, industry, and workforce. Given the daily evolution of the COVID-19 outbreak and the response to curb its spread, the Company is not able to estimate the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on its results of operations, financial condition, or liquidity. For example, global supply chain disruptions related to the COVID-19 pandemic and recent geopolitical events may contribute to manufacturing and supply delays. The Company expects that current arrangements will meet foreseeable needs for clinical trial materials or, generally, that alternative supply sources will be readily available. However, the Company may experience manufacturing and supply delays and disruptions in connection with production to meet our clinical supply requirements for clinical studies.

On March 27, 2020, President Trump signed into law the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”). The CARES Act, among other things, includes provisions relating to refundable payroll tax credits, deferment of employer-side social security payments, net operating loss carryback periods, alternative minimum tax credit refunds, modifications to the net interest deduction limitations, increased limitations on qualified charitable contributions, and technical corrections to tax depreciation methods for qualified improvement property. The Company continues to examine the impact that the CARES Act may have on its business. Currently, the Company is unable to determine the impact that the CARES Act will have on its financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity. The CARES Act also appropriated funds for the U.S. Small Business Administration Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans that are forgivable in certain situations to promote continued employment, as well as Economic Injury Disaster Loans to provide liquidity to small businesses harmed by COVID-19. See Note 5 – Paycheck Protection Program Loan for further information.

On March 8, 2021 the Company applied for PPP loan forgiveness with its lender and subsequently received approval from its lender on April 2, 2021. The Company believes it maintained compliance with the PPP program requirements. On May 21, 2021, the Small Business Administration granted its forgiveness of 100% of the loan, or $0.5 million.

Climate Change

The Company’s opinion is that neither climate change, nor governmental regulations related to climate change, have had, or are expected to have, any material effect on our operations.

License Agreement

Allergan License and Supply Agreements

In July 2017, the Company and Allergan entered into a letter agreement to transfer Suneva Medical, Inc.’s Amended and Restated License and Supply Agreements (collectively the “Allergan Agreements”) to Allergan, which grants exclusive rights to commercialize our CCM skin care ingredient worldwide, excluding South Korea, China, and India, in exchange for royalty payments to us based on Allergan’s sales of product including the licensed ingredient. Through December 31, 2020, we entered into several amendments to the Allergan Agreements to, among other things, expand Allergan’s license rights, identify exclusive and non-exclusive fields of use, and

31

clarify responsibilities related to regulatory filings. For these amendments to the Allergan Agreements, we have received cash payments of $19.5 million through March 31, 2022. The Allergan Agreements also include a potential future milestone payment of $5.5 million if Allergan’s net sales of products containing our CCM skin care ingredient exceeds $60 million in any calendar year through December 31, 2027.

From time to time, we may improve our CCM skin care ingredient, and to the extent that these are within the field of use in the Allergan Agreements, we will provide the improvements to Allergan. The remaining performance obligations related to the Allergan Agreements from 2017 were our obligations to supply CCM and provide potential future improvements to Allergan, for which our obligation to supply CCM was satisfied during the fourth quarter of 2019.

On January 17, 2020, the Company and Allergan amended the Allergan Agreements, further clarifying the fields of use, the product definition, and rights to certain improvements, as well as us agreeing to supply additional CCM in 2020 and provide further technical assistance to Allergan (the cost of which was reimbursed to the Company), for a one-time payment of $1.0 million. Our obligation to supply additional CCM to Allergan was satisfied during the first quarter of 2021.

Pursuant to the 2017 Allergan Amendment, Histogen had the right to a potential milestone payment of $5.5 million if Allergan’s net sales of products containing the Company’s CCM skin care ingredient exceeds $60.0 million in any calendar year through December 31, 2027.  In lieu of the potential payment of $5.5 million, the Company entered into a Letter Agreement on March 18, 2022 with Allegan. In consideration for the execution of the Letter Agreement, Histogen received a one-time payment equal to $3.8 million in March 2022. In exchange, among other things, the Company agreed that the final payment represents a full and final satisfaction of all money due to the Company pursuant to the Letter Agreement.

Under the Amended and Restated License Agreement, as amended, Allergan will indemnify the Company for third party claims arising from Allergan’s breach of the agreement, negligence or willful misconduct, or the exploitation of products by Allergan or its sublicensees. We will indemnify Allergan for third party claims arising from our breach of the agreement, negligence or willful misconduct, or the exploitation of products by us prior to the effective date. Allergan may terminate the agreement for convenience upon one business days’ notice to us.

Amerimmune Collaborative Development and Commercialization Agreement

In October 2020, the Company entered into a Collaborative Development and Commercialization Agreement (“the Collaborative Agreement”) with Amerimmune to jointly develop emricasan for the potential treatment of COVID-19. The FDA approved an investigational new drug application (IND) to initiate a Phase 1 study of emricasan in mild COVID-19 patients to assess safety and tolerability in 2020. Under the Collaborative Agreement, during the agreed upon research term, Amerimmune, at its own expense and in collaboration with the Company, is required to use commercially reasonable efforts to lead the development activities for emricasan, limited to the treatment of COVID-19.

Pursuant to the terms of the Collaborative Agreement, each party shall retain ownership of their legacy intellectual property and responsibility for ongoing patent application prosecution and maintenance costs and will jointly own any intellectual property developed during the term of the agreement. In addition, the Company granted Amerimmune an exclusive option, subject to terms and conditions including completion of a Phase 2 clinical trial by Amerimmune during the research term, to obtain an exclusive license that, if granted by the Company, allows Amerimmune alone, or in conjunction with one or more strategic partners, to use its commercially reasonable efforts to develop, manufacture, and commercialize emricasan and other caspase modulators, including CTS-2090 and CTS-2096, and the Company will share the profits equally with Amerimmune. No consideration will be transferred to the Company until profits, as defined in the Amerimmune Agreement, are generated by Amerimmune from developing or commercializing products.

On January 19, 2022, we provided a notice of material breach in connection with Amerimmune’s non-performance under the Collaborative Development and, on March 3, 2022, we filed the Arbitration Demand. On March 11, 2022, JAMS issued a Notice of Commencement of Arbitration letter, confirming the commencement of the arbitration as of that date.  On March 8, 2022, Amerimmune provided written notice to exercise an option for additional license rights to develop additional products, provided, however, the Company has rejected Amerimmune’s election of the option and believes that Amerimmune no longer has such right to exercise the option based on, amongst other reasons, our belief that the Agreement has been terminated as set forth in our Arbitration Demand.

During the arbitration, both Amerimmune and us continue to support planning of a Phase 2 trial of emricasan for the treatment of COVID-19. As part of our Arbitration Demand, we have requested that the Collaborative Agreement be terminated. We further brought the Arbitration Demand for breach of contract, seeking an award of specific performance requiring Amerimmune to comply

32

with the terms of the Agreement, which provide that, in the event of termination for material breach, all rights and licenses granted to Amerimmune by us shall terminate, and any and all rights granted by us to Amerimmune revert to Histogen. If we are successful, we would regain full rights to emricasan and other caspase modulators, including CTS-2090 and CTS-2096. In that case, we intend to develop emricasan for COVID-19 and other infectious and inflammatory diseases independently at our discretion. There can be no assurances that the Arbitration Demand will result in our favor and terminate the Collaborative Agreement. If the Collaborative Agreement is not terminated, we will likely continue to jointly develop emricasan pursuant to the terms of the Collaborative Agreement.  

The Company identified multiple promises to deliver goods and services, which include at the inception of the agreement: (i) a license to technology and patents, information, and know-how; (ii) supply of emricasan and (iii) collaboration, including the Company’s participation in a Joint Development Committee and Joint Partnering Committee. At inception and through March 31, 2022, the Company identified one performance obligation for all the deliverables under the Amerimmune Agreement since the delivered elements are either not capable of being distinct or are not distinct within the context of the contract. No upfront consideration was exchanged between the parties and any consideration received will be dependent on the successful execution of a qualifying strategic partnership, as defined, on the successful commercialization of emricasan, or upon a change in control of Amerimmune, as defined.  Although the Company will recognize revenue upon the occurrence of one of these events, no such events have occurred as of March 31, 2022.

Components of Results of Operations

Revenue

Our revenues to date have been generated primarily from the sale of cosmetic ingredient products (“CCM”), license fees, and a National Science Foundation grant award.

License and Product Revenue

Our license and product revenue to date has been generated primarily from payments received under the Allergan Agreements. As of March 31, 2022, no additional revenues under the Allergan Agreements are expected.

Grant Revenue

In March 2017, the National Science Foundation (“NSF”), a government agency, awarded us a research and development grant to develop a novel wound dressing for infection control and tissue regeneration. As of March 31, 2021, we completed all obligations under the NSF grant and, as such, no longer generate any revenue in connection with the research and development grant.

Operating Expenses

Cost of Revenues

Cost of product revenue represents direct and indirect costs incurred to bring the product to saleable condition, including write-offs of inventory.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses consist primarily of costs incurred for the preclinical and clinical development of our product candidates, which include:

• expenses under agreements with third-party contract organizations, investigative clinical trial sites that conduct research and development activities on our behalf, and consultants;

• costs related to develop and manufacture preclinical study and clinical trial material;

• salaries and employee-related costs, including stock-based compensation;

• costs incurred and reimbursed under our grant awarded by the U.S. Department of Defense (“DoD”) to partially fund our planned Phase 1/2 clinical trial of HST-003 for regeneration of cartilage in the knee;

• costs incurred for IND enabling activities for HST-004 for spinal disc repair;

• costs incurred under our collaboration and third-party licensing agreements; and

• laboratory and vendor expenses related to the execution of preclinical and clinical trials.

33

We accrue all research and development costs in the period for which they are incurred. Costs for certain development activities are recognized based on an evaluation of the progress to completion of specific tasks using information and data provided to us by our vendors, collaborators, and third-party service providers. Advance payments for goods or services to be received in future periods for use in research and development activities are deferred and then expensed as the related goods are delivered and as services are performed.

We expect our research and development expenses to increase substantially for the foreseeable future as we: (i) invest in additional operational personnel to support our planned product development efforts, and (ii) continue to invest in developing our product candidates as they advance into later stages of development, and as we begin to conduct larger clinical trials. Product candidates in later stages of clinical development generally have higher development costs than those in earlier stages of clinical development, primarily due to the increased size and duration of later-stage clinical trials.

Our direct research and development expenses are tracked by product candidate and consist primarily of external costs, such as fees paid under third-party license agreements and to outside consultants, contract research organizations (“CROs”), contract manufacturing organizations, and research laboratories in connection with our preclinical development, process development, manufacturing, and clinical development activities. We do not allocate employee costs and costs associated with our discovery efforts, laboratory supplies and facilities, including other indirect costs, to specific product candidates because these costs are deployed across multiple programs and, as such, are not separately classified. We use internal resources primarily to conduct our research as well as for managing our preclinical development, process development, manufacturing, and clinical development activities. These employees work across multiple programs and, therefore, we do not track our costs by product candidate unless such costs are includable as subaward costs. The following table shows our research and development expenses by type of activity (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022		2021
Pre-clinical and clinical	$	384	$	717
Salaries and benefits		936		1,145
Facilities and other costs		612		291
Total research and development expenses	$	1,932	$	2,153

We cannot determine with certainty the timing of initiation, the duration, or the completion costs of current or future preclinical studies and clinical trials of our product candidates due to the inherently unpredictable nature of preclinical and clinical development, including any potential expanded dosing beyond the original protocols based, in part, on ongoing clinical success. Clinical and preclinical development timelines, the probability of success and development costs can differ materially from expectations. We anticipate that we will make determinations as to which product candidates to pursue and how much funding to direct to each product candidate on an ongoing basis in response to the results of ongoing and future preclinical studies and clinical trials, regulatory developments, and our ongoing assessments of each product candidate’s commercial potential. We will need to raise substantial additional capital in the future. In addition, we cannot forecast which product candidates may be subject to future collaborations, when such arrangements will be secured, if at all, and to what degree such arrangements would affect our development plans and capital requirements.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel-related costs, insurance costs, facility costs, and professional fees for legal, patent, consulting, investor and public relations, accounting, and audit services. Personnel-related costs consist of salaries, benefits, and stock-based compensation. We expect our general and administrative expenses to increase substantially as we: (i) incur additional costs associated with being a public company, including audit, legal, regulatory, and tax-related services associated with maintaining compliance with exchange listing and SEC requirements, director and officer insurance premiums, and investor relations costs, (ii) hire additional personnel, and (iii) protect our intellectual property.

Other Income (Expense)

Interest Income

Interest income consists of interest earned on our cash equivalents, which consist of money market funds. Our interest income has not been significant due to low interest earned on invested balances.

34

Results of Operations

Comparison of three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022			2021			Change
Revenues
Product revenue	$	—		$	306		$	(306	)
License revenue		3,755			12			3,743
Grant revenue		—			113			(113	)
Total revenues		3,755			431			3,324
Operating expenses
Cost of product revenue		—			220			(220	)
Research and development		1,932			2,153			(221	)
General and administrative		2,506			2,331			175
Total operating expenses		4,438			4,704			(266	)
Loss from operations		(683	)		(4,273	)		3,590
Total other income (expense), net		(1	)		(5	)		4
Net loss	$	(684	)	$	(4,278	)	$	3,594

Revenues

For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, we recognized product revenues of $0 and $0.3 million, respectively. The revenue for the first quarter of 2021 was related to the additional supply of CCM to Allergan. As of March 31, 2021, all obligations of the Company related to the additional supply of CCM to Allergan under the Allergan Agreements have been completed.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, we recognized license revenue of $3.8 million and $12 thousand, respectively. The increase in the current period is due to a one-time payment of $3.8 million received in March 2022 as consideration for execution of the Allergan Letter Agreement.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, we recognized grant revenue of $0 and $0.1 million, respectively. The related revenue is associated with a research and development grant awarded to the Company from the NSF. As of March 31, 2021, all work required by the Company under the grant has been completed.

Total Operating Expenses

Cost of Revenues

For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, we recognized $0 and $0.2 million, respectively, for cost of product sold to Allergan under the Allergan Agreements.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 were $1.9 million and $2.1 million, respectively. The decrease of $0.2 million was primarily due to decreases in development costs of our clinical and pre-clinical product candidates and personnel related expenses, partially offset by facility rent increases.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 were $2.5 million and $2.3 million, respectively. The increase of $0.2 million was primarily due to increases in royalty expenses and legal fees, offset by reductions in personnel related expenses.

35

Liquidity and Capital Resources

From inception through March 31, 2022, we had an accumulated deficit of $78.3 million and expect to incur operating losses and generate negative cash flows from operations for the foreseeable future. As of March 31, 2022, we had $17.8 million in cash and cash equivalents.

We have not yet established ongoing sources of revenues sufficient to cover our operating costs and will need to continue to raise additional capital to support our future operating activities, including progression of our development programs, preparation for potential commercialization, and other operating costs. Our plans with regard to these matters include entering into a combination of additional debt or equity financing arrangements, strategic partnerships, collaboration and licensing arrangements, or other similar arrangements. There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain additional financing on terms acceptable to us, on a timely basis or at all.

The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that we will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business.

Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock

March 2022 Offering of Preferred Stock

In March 2022, the Company completed a private placement offering (the “March 2022 Offering”) of (i) 2,500 shares of the Company’s Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Series A Preferred Stock”), and (ii) 2,500 shares of the Company’s Series B Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Series B Preferred Stock” and together with the Series A Preferred Stock, the “Preferred Stock”), in each case, at an offering price of $952.38 per share, representing a 5% original issue discount to the stated value of $1,000 per share of Preferred Stock, for gross proceeds from the Offerings of approximately $4.76 million, before the deduction of the placement agent’s fee and other offering expenses. The shares of Series A Preferred Stock has a stated value of $1,000 per share and are convertible, at a conversion price of $1.00 per share, into 2,500,000 shares of common stock. The shares of Series B Preferred Stock have a stated value of $1,000 per share and are convertible, at a conversion price of $1.00 per share, into 2,500,000 shares of common stock. The closing occurred on March 25, 2022. The proceeds of $4.76 million are held in escrow and will only be disbursed to the Company upon conversion of the Series A and Series B Preferred Stock. Since the redeemable convertible preferred stock may be redeemed at the option of the holder, but is not mandatorily redeemable, the redeemable preferred stock has been classified as mezzanine equity and initially recognized at fair value of $4.76 million as mezzanine equity on the accompanying balance sheets.

In connection with the March 2022 Offering, the Company entered in a Registration Rights Agreement and agreed to file by July 20, 2022 a resale registration statement (the “Resale Registration Statement”) with the SEC covering all shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Preferred Stock that remains outstanding and has not previously been redeemed by the Company, and to cause the Resale Registration Statement to become effective by September 18, 2022 or, in the event of a full review of the Resale Registration Statement by the SEC, by October 18, 2022.

The March 2022 Offering generated gross proceeds of $4.76 million and the Company incurred cash-based placement agent fees and other offering expenses of approximately $0.5 million. The proceeds are held in escrow and disbursed to the Company only upon conversion of the Series A and Series B Preferred Stock. The proceeds are included within current assets on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

In addition, the Company’s placement agent was issued compensatory warrants to purchase up to 7.0% of the aggregate number of shares of Preferred Stock sold in the offering (on an as-converted to common stock basis), resulting in common stock warrants to purchase up to 350,000 shares of common stock, with an exercise price of 125% of the offering price, or $1.25 per share, which are exercisable 6 months after issuance on or after September 25, 2022, and expire five and a half (5.5) years following the date of issuance on September 25, 2027.

The placement agent warrants, which are recorded as a component of mezzanine equity, were valued at an aggregate of $34 thousand dollars using the Black Scholes option pricing model based upon the following assumptions: expected volatility of 78.90%, risk-free interest rate of 2.40%, expected dividend yield of 0%, and an expected term of 5.5 years.

As of March 31, 2022, the Company had 350,000 shares of common stock reserved for issuance pursuant to the placement agent’s warrants issued by the Company in the March 2022 Offering at an exercise price of $1.25 per share.

36

Common Stock

January 2021 Offering of Common Stock

In January 2021, the Company completed an S-1 offering (the “January 2021 Offering”) of an aggregate of 11,600,000 shares of common stock, pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 2,400,000 shares of its common stock, and common stock warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 14,000,000 shares of common stock. To the extent that an investor determines, at their sole discretion, that they would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitations (or as such investor may otherwise choose), in lieu of purchasing shares of Common Stock and Common Warrants, such investor could have elected to purchase Pre-Funded Warrants and Common Warrants at the Pre-Funded Purchase Price in lieu of the shares of Common Stock and Common Warrants in such a manner to result in the same aggregate purchase price being paid by such investor to the Company. The combined purchase price of one share of common stock and the accompanying common stock warrant was $1.00, and the combined purchase price of one pre-funded warrant and accompanying common stock warrant was $0.9999. The common stock warrants are exercisable for five (5) years at an exercise price of $1.00 per share. The pre-funded warrants are immediately exercisable at an exercise price of $0.0001 per share and may be exercised at any time until all of the pre-funded warrants are exercised in full. Placement agent warrants were issued to purchase up to 700,000 shares of common stock, are immediately exercisable for an exercise price of $1.25, and are exercisable for five (5) years following the date of issuance. The Company received gross proceeds of $14.0 million and incurred placement agent’s fees and other offering expenses of approximately $1.9 million.

The warrants and placement agent warrants were valued at $7.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively, using the Black-Scholes option pricing model based on the following assumptions: expected volatility 80.08%, risk-free interest rate 0.38%, expected dividend yield 0%, and an expected term of 5.0 years.

As of March 31, 2022 a total of 6,721,200 warrants issued in the January 2021 Offering to purchase shares of common stock have been exercised and the Company issued 6,721,200 shares of its common stock. The Company received gross proceeds of approximately $6.8 million.

As of March 31, 2022, the Company had 7,751,300 shares and 227,500 shares of common stock reserved for issuance pursuant to the warrants and placement agent’s warrants, respectively, issued by the Company in the January 2021 Offering, at an exercise price of $1.00 per share and $1.25 per share, respectively.

June 2021 Offering of Common Stock

In June 2021, the Company completed a registered direct offering (the “June 2021 Offering”) of an aggregate of 5,977,300 shares of common stock, together with accompanying warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 4,781,840 shares of common stock, at a public offering price of $1.10 per share. The accompanying warrants permit the investor to purchase additional shares equal to 80% of the number of shares of the Company’s common stock purchased by the investor. The warrants have an exercise price of $1.00 per share, are immediately exercisable, and expire five and a half (5.5) years following the date of issuance. In addition, the Company’s placement agent was issued compensatory warrants equal to 5.0%, or 298,865 shares, of the aggregate number of common stock sold in the offering, which are immediately exercisable for an exercise price of $1.375 and expire five (5) years following the date of issuance on June 7, 2026. The Company received gross proceeds of $6.6 million and incurred cash-based placement agent fees and other offering expenses of approximately $0.9 million.

The warrants and placement agent warrants were valued at $3.0 million and $0.2 million, respectively, using a Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: expected volatility 81.44% and 80.15%, risk-free interest rate 0.88% and 0.77%, expected dividend yield 0% and 0%, and an expected term of 5.5 years or 5.0 years, respectively.

As of March 31, 2022, no warrants associated with the June 2021 Offering have been exercised.

As of March 31, 2022, the Company had 4,781,840 shares and 298,865 shares of common stock reserved for issuance pursuant to the warrants and placement agent’s warrants, respectively, issued by the Company in the June 2021 Offering, at an exercise price of $1.00 per share and $1.375 per share, respectively.

December 2021 Offering of Common Stock

In December 2021, the Company completed a registered direct offering (the “December 2021 Offering”) of an aggregate of 8,235,297 shares of common stock and 8,235,297 warrants to purchase up to 8,235,297 shares of common stock, at a public offering price of $0.425 per share. The accompanying warrants permit the investor to purchase additional shares equal to the same number of shares of the Company’s common stock purchased by the investor. The warrants have an exercise price of $0.425 per share, may be exercised any time on or after 6 months and one (1) day after the issuance date, and expire five and a half (5.5) years following the date of issuance. In addition, the Company’s placement agent was issued compensatory warrants equal to 5.0%, or 411,765 shares, of the aggregate number of shares of common stock sold in the offering, which are immediately exercisable for an exercise price of $0.5313 and expire five and a half (5.5) years following the date of issuance on June 21, 2027. The Company received gross proceeds of $3.5 million and incurred cash-based placement agent fees and other offering expenses of approximately $0.5 million.

37

The placement agent warrants, which are recorded as a component of stockholders’ equity, were valued at an aggregate $0.1 million using the Black-Scholes option pricing model based on the following assumptions: expected volatility of 79.81%, risk-free interest rate of 1.21%, expected dividend yield of 0% and an expected term of 5.5 years.

As of March 31, 2022, no warrants associated with the December 2021 Offering have been exercised.

As of March 31, 2022, the Company had 8,235,297 shares and 411,765 shares of common stock reserved for issuance pursuant to the warrants and placement agent’s warrants, respectively, issued by the Company in the December 2021 Offering, at an exercise price of $0.425 per share and $0.5313 per share, respectively.

Common Stock Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park

In July 2020, the Company entered into a common stock purchase agreement (the “2020 Purchase Agreement”) with Lincoln Park which provides that, upon the terms and subject to the conditions and limitations in the 2020 Purchase Agreement,  Lincoln Park is committed to purchase up to an aggregate of $10.0 million of shares of the Company’s common stock at the Company’s request from time to time during a 24 month period that began in July 2020 and at prices based on the market price of the Company’s common stock at the time of each sale. Upon execution of the 2020 Purchase Agreement, the Company sold 328,516 shares of common stock at $3.04399 per share to Lincoln Park for gross proceeds of $1.0 million. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company sold an additional 300,000 shares of common stock to Lincoln Park for gross proceeds of approximately $0.5 million. In addition, in consideration for entering into the 2020 Purchase Agreement and concurrently with the execution of the 2020 Purchase Agreement, the Company issued 66,964 shares of its common stock to Lincoln Park. During the three months ended March 31, 2022 the Company did not sell any shares of common stock to Lincoln Park and approximately $8.5 million, or 1.6 million shares of common stock, remains available for sale under the 2020 Purchase Agreement, subject to limitations on the amount of securities the Company may sell under its effective registration statement on Form S-3 within any 12-month period.  

Additional Common Stock Warrants

In 2016, Private Histogen issued warrants to purchase common stock as consideration for settlement of prior liability claims. The warrants for the purchase of up to 3,583 common shares at an exercise price of $23.08 per share expired on July 31, 2021.

In addition, at March 31, 2022, warrants to purchase 1,346 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $74.30 per share remain outstanding that were issued by Conatus in connection with obtaining financing in 2016. These warrants expire on July 3, 2023.

Cash Flow Summary for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021

The following table shows a summary of our cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022			2021
Net cash provided by (used in)
Operating activities	$	(345	)	$	(3,612	)
Investing activities		(15	)		—
Financing activities		(477	)		18,592
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted    cash	$	(837	)	$	14,980

38

Operating activities

Net cash used in operating activities was $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, resulting from our net loss of $0.7 million, which included total non-cash charges of $0.2 million related to stock-based compensation, depreciation and amortization, and a Tax credit adjustment, coupled with a $0.2 million change in our operating assets and liabilities.

Net cash used in operating activities was $3.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, resulting from our net loss of $4.3 million, which included non-cash charges of $0.2 million related to stock-based compensation, and a $0.5 million change in our operating assets and liabilities.

Investing activities

Net cash used by investing activities was $15 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2022, which was related to the purchase of property and equipment.

Net cash provided by investing activities was zero for the three months ended March 31, 2021.

Financing activities

Net cash used by financing activities was $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, primarily related to issuance costs resulting from the issuance and sale of our redeemable convertible preferred stock in a private placement offering.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $18.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, resulting primarily from the sales of our common stock in an S-1 offering coupled with the exercise of warrants issued in connection with the offering.

Funding Requirements

We believe our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash requirements into the third quarter of 2023. However, our forecast of the period of time through which our financial resources will be adequate to support our operations is a forward-looking statement that involves risks and uncertainties, and actual results could vary materially. We have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could use our capital resources sooner than we expect. Additionally, the process of testing product candidates in clinical trials is costly, and the timing of progress, potential dose expansions beyond our planned study protocols based in part on our clinical progress, and expenses in these trials is uncertain.

Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including:

• the type, number, scope, progress, expansions, results, costs, and timing of our preclinical studies and clinical trials of our product candidates which we are pursuing or may choose to pursue in the future;

• the costs and timing of manufacturing for our product candidates, including commercial manufacturing if any product candidate is approved;

• the costs, timing, and outcome of regulatory review of our product candidates;

• the costs of obtaining, maintaining, and enforcing our patents and other intellectual property rights;

• our efforts to enhance operational systems and hire additional personnel to satisfy our obligations as a public company, including enhanced internal controls over financial reporting;

• the costs associated with hiring additional personnel and consultants as our preclinical and clinical activities increase;

• the costs and timing of establishing or securing sales and marketing capabilities if any product candidate is approved;

• our ability to achieve sufficient market acceptance, adequate coverage and reimbursement from third-party payors, and adequate market share and revenue for any approved products;

• the terms and timing of establishing and maintaining collaborations, licenses, and other similar arrangements;

• the impact of any natural disasters or public health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic; and

• costs associated with any products or technologies that it may in-license or acquire.

39

Until such time, if ever, as we can generate substantial product revenues to support our cost structure, we expect to finance our losses from operations and capital funding needs through a combination of equity offerings, debt financings, and other sources, including potentially collaborations, licenses and other similar arrangements. To the extent we raise additional capital through the sale of convertible debt or equity securities, the ownership interest of our stockholders will be or could be diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect the rights of our common stockholders. Debt financing and preferred equity financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends. If we raise funds through collaborations, licenses and other similar arrangements with third parties, we may have to relinquish valuable rights to our technologies, future revenue streams, research programs or product candidates or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us and/or may reduce the value of our common stock. If we are unable to raise additional funds through debt or equity financings when needed, we may be required to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our product development or future commercialization efforts or grant rights to develop and market our product candidates even if we would otherwise prefer to develop and market such product candidates by ourselves. There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain any sources of financing on acceptable terms, or at all.

We may be unable to raise additional funds on acceptable terms or at all. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and actions taken to slow its spread, the global credit and financial markets have recently experienced extreme volatility and disruptions, including severely diminished liquidity and credit availability, declines in consumer confidence, declines in economic growth, increases in unemployment rates and uncertainty about economic stability. If the equity and credit markets deteriorate, it may make any necessary debt or equity financing more difficult, more costly and more dilutive. If we are unable to raise additional funds, we may be required to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our product development or future commercialization efforts or grant rights to develop and market our product candidates even if we would otherwise prefer to develop and market such product candidates ourselves.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. The preparation of the financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported expenses incurred during the reporting periods.

Our estimates are based on our historical experience, trends, and various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Though the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic to our business and operating results presents additional uncertainty, we continue to use the best information available to us in our critical accounting estimates.

We consider our critical accounting policies and estimates to be related to accrued research and development expenses and revenue recognition. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates during the three months ended March 31, 2022 from those disclosed in “Histogen’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Critical Accounting Policies,” included in the 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We did not have during the periods presented, and we do not currently have, any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined under SEC rules.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

There have been no material changes during the three months ended March 31, 2022 to our contractual obligations disclosed in our “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in the 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

40

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISKS

We are a smaller reporting company, as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information required under this item.

ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving the objective that information in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified and pursuant to the requirements of the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosures. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

As required by SEC Rule 13a-15(b), we carried out an evaluation, with the participation of our Management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2022, the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon the foregoing, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level as of March 31, 2022.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during our last fiscal quarter that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.

Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls

Management recognizes that a control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud or error, if any, have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of a simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

41

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

On or about February 17, 2022, two former employees, each of whom separately resigned and terminated their employment with Histogen, filed a complaint in the Superior Court of California, County of San Diego against us, our Board of Directors, our former Chief Executive Officer, as well as three individuals that are currently employed by the Company. Although the complaint lists the “Histogen Board of Directors, a business entity form unknown” as a defendant, the complaint does not specifically list the names of the board members. The plaintiffs allege whistleblower status, retaliation, discrimination, unfair business practices, wrongful termination, violation of civil rights, and other California state law claims. We have tendered the complaint to our liability insurer and engaged outside litigation counsel, as approved by our carrier, to defend Histogen, the Board of Directors and the individuals in this matter.  We object to the naming of each of the defendants in this matter and deny each of the plaintiffs’ claims.  The plaintiffs agreed to pre-arbitration mediation, which was conducted on May 4, 2022, as was required by the arbitration agreement executed by each of the plaintiffs. Considering that the parties did not resolve the matter through this mediation, the Company expects to petition the San Diego Superior Court for an order that the matter now be submitted to arbitration consistent with each of the plaintiff’s arbitration agreements. We believe that our defense costs, settlement monies, damages or any other awards would be covered by our liability insurance; provided, however, insurance may not cover all claims or could exceed our insurance coverage. We believe that there are substantial defenses to this lawsuit, and we intend to vigorously defend against each of these claims. While this litigation matter is in the early stages, we believe the action is without merit. Nonetheless, the ultimate outcome is unknown at this time.

On March 3, 2022, we filed a demand for arbitration (“Arbitration Demand”) with JAMS in the county of San Diego, against Amerimmune LLC (“Amerimmune”) seeking a declaratory judgment that Amerimmune has materially breached the Collaborative Agreement entered into by and between us and Amerimmune on October 26, 2020, and that Histogen is therefore entitled to terminate the Collaborative Agreement in accordance with its terms. We further brought the Arbitration Demand for breach of contract, seeking an award of specific performance requiring Amerimmune to comply with the terms of the Agreement, which provide that, in the event of termination for material breach, all rights and licenses granted to Amerimmune by us shall terminate, and Amerimmune shall cease any and all development, manufacture and commercialization activities under the Agreement, and any and all rights granted by us to Amerimmune revert to Histogen. In the event that specific performance is not awarded, we are pursuing in the alternative a cause of action for breach of contract, seeking an award of damages for such breach in an amount to be determined at hearing.  And finally, we are pursuing a claim for misappropriation of trade secrets, seeking an award of damages in an amount to be determined at hearing.

On March 8, 2022, Amerimmune provided written notice to exercise an option for additional license rights to develop additional products, provided, however, the Company has rejected Amerimmune’s election of the option and believes that Amerimmune no longer has such right to exercise the option based on, amongst other reasons, our belief that the Agreement has been terminated as set forth in our Arbitration Demand. On March 11, 2022, JAMS issued a Notice of Commencement of Arbitration letter, confirming the commencement of the arbitration as of that date.  During the Arbitration, we expect Amerimmune and us to continue to support planning of a Phase 2 trial of emricasan for the treatment of COVID-19. In the event that we are successful on our claims as set forth in our Arbitration Demand and the Agreement is terminated, we intend to develop emricasan for COVID-19 and other infectious and inflammatory diseases independently at our discretion.

There can be no assurances that the Arbitration will result in our favor. If the Collaborative Agreement is not terminated and the rights granted by us to Amerimmune do not revert back to us, we expect that we will continue to jointly develop emricasan pursuant to the terms of the Collaborative Agreement. The ultimate outcome of this Arbitration is unknown at this time.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Summary of Risk Factors

We are providing the following summary of the risk factors contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to enhance the readability and accessibility of our risk factor disclosures. This summary does not address all of the risks that we face. We encourage you to carefully review the full risk factors contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q in their entirety for additional information regarding the material factors that make an investment in our securities speculative or risky. The primary categories by which we classify risks include those related to: (i) our business and FDA Regulation, (ii) our intellectual property, and (iii) owning our common stock. Set forth below within each of these categories is a summary of the principal factors that make an investment in our common stock speculative or risky.

42

General Risks

• We may not be able to regain compliance with Nasdaq’s continued listing requirements, the failure of which could lead to the delisting of our common stock from Nasdaq and our common stock trading, if at all, only on the over-the-counter market, or OTC market.

• We must raise additional funds to finance our operations to remain a going concern.

• We will need to raise additional capital; however, it may be unavailable to us or, even if capital is obtained, may cause dilution or place significant restrictions on our ability to operate our business, including progressing development of our pipeline candidates.

• If we fail to retain current members of our senior management and scientific personnel, or to attract and keep additional key personnel, we may be unable to successfully develop or commercialize our product candidates.

• We will need to increase the size of our organization and may not successfully manage our growth.

• We are subject to recently enacted state laws in California that require gender and diversity quotas for boards of directors of public companies headquartered in California.

Risks Related to Our Business, Industry, and FDA Regulation

• We are a clinical-stage development company, have a very limited operating history, are not currently profitable, do not expect to become profitable in the near future and may never become profitable.

• We are dependent on the success of one or more of our current product candidates, which are in early stages of clinical development, and we cannot be certain that any of them will receive regulatory approval or be commercialized.

• We are involved, and may become involved in the future, in disputes and other legal or regulatory proceedings that, if adversely decided or settled, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

• Clinical drug development involves uncertain outcomes, and results of earlier studies and trials may not be predictive of future trial results.

• If development of our product candidates does not produce favorable results, we, and our collaborators, may be unable to commercialize these products.

• We expect to continue to incur significant research and development expenses, which may make it difficult for us to attain profitability.

• We expect to depend on collaborations with third parties and if such collaborations are not successful then there is risk to our ability to develop our product candidates.

Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property

• We may not be successful in obtaining or maintaining necessary rights to our product candidates through acquisitions and in-licenses.

• We may not be able to protect our proprietary or licensed technology in the marketplace.

• Obtaining and maintaining patent protection depends on compliance with various procedural, document submission, fee payment and other requirements imposed by governmental patent agencies, and our patent protection for licensed patents, pending patent applications and potential future patent applications and patents could be reduced or eliminated for non-compliance with these requirements.

• We may infringe the intellectual property rights of others, which may prevent or delay our drug development efforts and prevent us from commercializing or increase the costs of commercializing our products, if approved.

Risks Related to Owning Our Common Stock

• The market price of our common stock has been and may continue to be volatile, which could significantly worsen if we are delisted from Nasdaq and begin to trade on the OTC market.

• Raising additional capital may cause dilution to our existing stockholders, restrict our operations, or require us to relinquish rights to our technologies or product candidates.

43

• Raising additional capital may cause dilution to our existing stockholders, restrict our operations or require us to relinquish rights to our technologies or product candidate.

• Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and under Delaware law could make an acquisition of us more difficult and may prevent attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our management.

• Our pre-Merger net operating loss carryforwards and certain other tax attributes may be subject to limitations. The pre-Merger net operating loss carryforwards and certain other tax attributes of us may also be subject to limitations as a result of ownership changes resulting from the Merger.

RISK FACTORS

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the following risks factors, together with all of the other information included or incorporated by reference in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including our condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” The risks described below are material risks currently known, expected or reasonably foreseeable by us. However, the risks described below are not the only ones that we face. Additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our business, operating results, prospects, or financial condition. If any of these risks actually materialize, our business, prospects, financial condition, and results of operations could be seriously harmed. This could cause the trading price of our common stock to decline, resulting in a loss of all or part of your investment.

General Risks

Our failure to meet the continued listing requirements of the Nasdaq could result in a delisting of our common stock.

We must continue to satisfy the Nasdaq Capital Market’s continued listing requirements, including, among other things, the corporate governance requirements, and the minimum closing bid price requirement. If we fail to satisfy the continued listing requirements of the Nasdaq, Nasdaq may take steps to delist our common stock. Such a delisting would likely have a negative effect on the price of our common stock and would impair your ability to sell or purchase our common stock when you wish to do so.

On August 18, 2021, we received a letter from the Listing Qualifications Department of the Nasdaq Stock Market, or Nasdaq, indicating that, based upon the closing bid price of our common stock for the 30 consecutive business day period between July 7, 2021, through August 17, 2021, we did not meet the minimum bid price of $1.00 per share required for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2), or the Bid Price Rule. The letter also indicated that we will be provided with a compliance period of 180 calendar days, or until February 14, 2022, or the Compliance Period, in which to regain compliance pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A). As of February 14, 2022, the Company had not regained compliance with the minimum bid price requirement. However, the Company was granted an additional 180 calendar day period, or until August 15, 2022, to regain compliance, or the Second Compliance Period, based upon the Company’s written notice provided to Nasdaq of its intention to cure the deficiency during the Second Compliance Period, by effecting a reverse stock split.

We plan to seek stockholder approval at our annual meeting of stockholders of an amendment to our restated certificate of incorporation to effect a reverse stock split at a ratio of not less than 5-for-1 and not greater than 20-for-1, with the exact ratio to be set within that range at the discretion of our board of directors, as a potential measure to regain compliance with the Bid Price Rule. However, we cannot assure you that we will have the necessary quorum to hold a vote on the proposal or that we will have to take action to amend our bylaws to decrease the necessary quorum required to hold a vote on the proposal. Additionally, we must obtain a majority of the outstanding shares of common stock, on an as converted to common stock basis, to approve the proposal and therefore may not obtain the necessary votes to effect the reverse stock split. For a discussion of the risks related to the private placement transaction and its impact on the reverse stock split proposal, see the risk factor entitled “Our board of directors has issued, and may in the future issue, one or more series of preferred stock without stockholder approval with the effect of diluting existing stockholders and impairing their voting and other right.”

Delisting of our common stock would likely result in our common stock becoming a “penny stock” under the Exchange Act.  The principal result or effect of being designated a “penny stock” is that securities broker-dealers cannot recommend the shares but must trade it on an unsolicited basis. Penny stock rules require a broker-dealer, prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from those rules, to deliver a standardized risk disclosure document prepared by the SEC, which specifies information about penny stocks and the nature and significance of risks of the penny stock market. A broker-dealer must also provide the customer with bid and offer quotations for the penny stock, the compensation of the broker-dealer and salesperson in the transaction, and monthly account statements indicating the market value of each penny stock held in the customer’s account. In addition, the penny stock rules require that, prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from those rules; the broker-dealer must make a special written determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for the purchaser and receive the purchaser’s written agreement to the

44

transaction. These disclosure requirements may have the effect of reducing the trading activity in the secondary market for shares that become subject to those penny stock rules. Under such circumstances, shareholders may find it more difficult to sell, or to obtain accurate quotations, for our common stock, and our common stock would become substantially less attractive to certain purchasers such as financial institutions, hedge funds and other similar investors.

We must raise additional funds to finance our operations to remain a going concern.

As of March 31, 2022, the Company has an accumulated deficit of $78.3 million and expects to incur operating losses and generate negative cash flows from operations for the foreseeable future. As of March 31, 2022, we had approximately $17.8 million in cash and cash equivalents. In addition, we have an agreement in place with Lincoln Park providing for the sale of up to $10.0 million of common stock, of which $8.5 million, or 1.6 million common shares, remained available to be sold, subject to limitations on the amount of securities the Company may sell under its effective registration statement on Form S-3 within any 12-month period. Based on our current business plan and related operating budget, management believes that existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to fund our obligations into the third quarter of 2023.

We have not yet established ongoing sources of revenues sufficient to cover our ongoing operating costs and will need to continue efforts to raise additional capital to support our future operating activities, including progression of our development programs, preparation for commercialization, and other operating costs. Management’s plans with regard to these matters include entering into a combination of debt or additional equity financing arrangements, strategic partnerships, collaboration and licensing arrangements, or other similar arrangements. There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain additional financing on terms acceptable to us, on a timely basis or at all.  In addition, changing circumstances may cause us to increase our spending significantly faster than we currently anticipate, and we may need to spend more money than currently expected because of circumstances beyond our control. We may need to raise additional funds sooner than we anticipate if we choose to expand more rapidly than we presently anticipate.

We will require additional capital for the further development and, if approved, commercialization of our product candidates. Additional capital may not be available when we need it, on terms acceptable to us or at all. If adequate capital is not available to us on a timely basis, we may be required to significantly delay, scale back or discontinue our research and development programs or the commercialization of any product candidates, if approved, or be unable to continue or expand our operations or otherwise capitalize on our business opportunities, as desired, which could materially affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, growth prospects and cause the price of our common stock to decline.

We will need to raise additional capital; however, it may be unavailable to us or, even if capital is obtained, may cause dilution or place significant restrictions on our ability to operate our business.

Our operations have required substantial amounts of cash since inception. To date, we have funded our operations primarily through the sale of our preferred and common stock. We are currently advancing three product candidates through clinical development, and have several other product candidates in preclinical development, as well as early-stage research projects. Developing our product candidates is expensive, and we expect to continue to spend substantial amounts as we fund our early-stage research projects and continue to advance our programs through preclinical and clinical development. Even if we are successful in developing our product candidates, obtaining regulatory approvals and launching and commercializing any product candidate will require substantial additional funding. Since we will be unable to generate sufficient, if any, cash flow to fund our operations for the foreseeable future, we will need to seek additional equity or debt financing to provide the capital required to maintain or expand our operations.

There can be no assurance that we will be able to raise sufficient additional capital on acceptable terms or at all. If such additional financing is not available on satisfactory terms, or is not available in sufficient amounts, we may be required to significantly delay, scale back or discontinue our research and development programs or the commercialization of any product candidates, if approved, or be unable to continue or expand our operations or otherwise capitalize on our business opportunities, as desired, which could materially affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, growth prospects and cause the price of our common stock to decline. In addition, we may be required to grant rights to develop and market product candidates that we would otherwise prefer to develop and market ourselves. Our inability to fund our business could lead to the loss of your investment.

Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including, but not limited to:

• the scope, rate of progress, results and cost of our clinical trials, preclinical studies and other related activities;

• our ability to establish and maintain strategic licensing or other arrangements and the financial terms of such arrangements;

45

• the timing of, and the costs involved in, obtaining regulatory approvals for any of our current or future product candidates;

• the number and characteristics of the product candidates we seek to develop or commercialize;

• the cost of manufacturing clinical supplies, and establishing commercial supplies, of our product candidates;

• the cost of commercialization activities if any of our current or future product candidates are approved for sale, including marketing, sales and distribution costs;

• the expenses needed to attract and retain skilled personnel;

• the costs associated with being a public company;

• the amount of revenue, if any, received from commercial sales of our product candidates, should any of our product candidates receive marketing approval;

• the costs involved in preparing, filing, prosecuting, maintaining, defending and enforcing possible patent claims, including litigation costs and the outcome of any such litigation; and

• the impact of any natural disasters or public health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

If we raise additional capital by issuing common stock under the Lincoln Park arrangement, or any other equity securities or securities convertible into equity, the percentage ownership of our existing stockholders may be reduced, and accordingly these stockholders may experience substantial dilution. We may also issue equity securities that provide for rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of our common stock. Given our need for cash and that equity issuances are the most common type of fundraising for similarly situated companies, the risk of dilution is particularly significant for our stockholders.

Further, SEC regulations limit the amount of funds we can raise during any 12-month period pursuant to our shelf registration statement on Form S-3. We are currently subject to General Instruction I.B.6 to Form S-3, or the Baby Shelf Rule, and the amount of funds we can raise through primary public offerings of securities in any 12-month period using our registration statement on Form S-3 is limited to one-third of the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates. We are currently limited by the Baby Shelf Rule as of the filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, until such time as our public float exceeds $75 million. If we are required to file a new registration statement on another form, we may incur additional costs and be subject to delays due to review by SEC staff.

If we fail to retain current members of our senior management and scientific personnel, or to attract and keep additional key personnel, we may be unable to successfully develop or commercialize our product candidates.

Our ability to compete in the highly competitive biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries depends on our continued ability to attract, retain, and motivate highly qualified management and scientific personnel. Competition for qualified personnel is intense. We may not be successful in attracting qualified personnel to fulfill our current or future needs and there is no guarantee that any of these individuals will join us on a full-time employment basis, or at all. Additionally, if we are unable to raise capital, this may further harm our ability to attract and retain key personnel. In the event we are unable to fill critical open employment positions, we may need to delay our operational activities and goals, including the development of our product candidates, and may have difficulty in meeting our obligations as a public company. We do not maintain “key person” insurance on any of our employees.

In addition, competitors and others are likely in the future to attempt to recruit our employees. The loss of the services of any of our key personnel, the inability to attract or retain highly qualified personnel in the future or delays in hiring such personnel, particularly senior management, and other technical personnel, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. In addition, the replacement of key personnel likely would involve significant time and costs, and may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our business objectives.

On November 8, 2021, Richard Pascoe stepped down from his position as our President and Chief Executive Officer and as a member of our Board. The Board appointed Steven J. Mento, Ph.D., a current member of the Company’s Board of Directors, as Executive Chairman and Interim President and Chief Executive Officer as of November 8, 2021. On February 22, 2022, we announced the Board’s decision to postpone any search for a permanent President and Chief Executive Officer at this time. We may also have to take additional measures to retain existing executives and other personnel.

From time to time, our management seeks the advice and guidance of certain scientific advisors and consultants regarding clinical and regulatory development programs and other customary matters. These scientific advisors and consultants are not our employees and may have commitments to, or consulting or advisory contracts with, other entities that may limit their availability to us. In addition,

46

our scientific advisors may have arrangements with other companies to assist those companies in developing products or technologies that may compete with ours.

We will need to increase the size of our organization and may not successfully manage our growth.

We are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company with a small number of employees, and our management systems currently in place are not likely to be adequate to support our future growth plans. Our ability to grow and to manage our growth effectively will require us to hire, train, retain, manage and motivate additional employees and to implement and improve our operational, financial and management systems. These demands also may require the hiring of additional senior management personnel or the development of additional expertise by our senior management personnel. Hiring a significant number of additional employees, particularly those at the management level, would increase our expenses significantly. Moreover, if we fail to expand and enhance our operational, financial and management systems in conjunction with our potential future growth, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to recently enacted state laws in California that require gender and diversity quotas for boards of directors of public companies headquartered in California.

In September 2018, California enacted Senator Bill 826 (“SB 826”), which generally requires public companies with principal executive offices in California to have at least two female directors on its board of directors if the company has at least five directors, and at least three female directors on its board of directors if the company has at least six directors.

Additionally, on September 30, 2020, California enacted Assembly Bill 979 (“AB 979”), which generally requires public companies with principal executive offices in California to include specified numbers of directors from “underrepresented communities”. A director from an “underrepresented community” means a director who self-identifies as Black, African American, Hispanic, Latino, Asian, Pacific Islander, Native American, Native Hawaiian, Alaska Native, gay, lesbian, bisexual or transgender. By December 31, 2021, each public company with principal executive offices in California was required to have at least one director from an underrepresented community. By December 31, 2022, a public company with more than four but fewer than nine directors will be required to have a minimum of two directors from underrepresented communities, and a public company with nine or more directors will need to have a minimum of three directors from underrepresented communities.

We cannot assure that we can recruit, attract and/or retain qualified members of the board and meet gender and diversity quotas as required by with SB 826 or AB 979, and our Board does not currently satisfy the quota required under SB 826. A failure to comply with either SB 826 or AB 979 could result in fines from the California Secretary of State, with a $100,000 fine for the first violation and a $300,000 fine for each subsequent violation of either law, and our reputation may be adversely affected.

Risks Related to Our Business, Industry and FDA Regulation

We are a clinical-stage development company, have a very limited operating history, are not currently profitable, do not expect to become profitable in the near future and may never become profitable.

We are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company, have no approved products and have generated minimal revenues from the sale of products. We are focused on developing our proprietary hypoxia-generated growth factor technology platform and stem cell-free biologic products as potential first-in-class restorative therapeutics that ignite the body’s natural process to repair and maintain healthy biological function. We also have a pipeline of clinical and preclinical small molecule pan-caspase and caspase selective inhibitors focused on treatments for infectious and inflammatory diseases that we intend to develop.

Our operations to date have been limited to organizing, staffing, and financing our company, applying for patent rights, manufacturing on a clinical scale, undertaking clinical trials of our product candidates, and engaging in research and development. As a result, we have limited historical operations upon which to evaluate our business and prospects and have not yet demonstrated an ability to obtain marketing approval for any of our product candidates or successfully overcome the risks and uncertainties frequently encountered by companies in the biopharmaceutical industry. We also have generated limited revenues from licensing agreements or product sales to date and continue to incur significant research and development and other expenses. As a result, we have not been profitable and have incurred significant operating losses in every reporting period since our inception, except for the year ended December 31, 2017. For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we reported net losses of $0.7 million, $15.0 million, and $18.8 million, respectively, and had an accumulated deficit of $78.3 million as of March 31, 2022.

For the foreseeable future, we expect to continue to incur losses, which will increase significantly from historical levels as we expand our drug development activities, seek regulatory approvals for our product candidates and begin to commercialize them if they are

47

approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) or comparable foreign regulatory authorities. Even if we succeed in developing and commercializing one or more product candidates, we may never become profitable.

We are dependent on the success of one or more of our current product candidates, which are in early stages of clinical development, and we cannot be certain that any of them will receive regulatory approval or be commercialized.

We have three product candidates currently in development, HST-003 for the treatment of articular cartilage defects in the knee, HST-004 for the treatment of spinal disc repair, and emricasan, in collaboration with Amerimmune, for the treatment of COVID-19. We have spent significant time, money, and effort on the development of our product candidates, HST-003, HST-004, emricasan, and other pre-clinical assets. To date, no pivotal clinical trials designed to provide clinically and statistically significant proof of efficacy, or to provide sufficient evidence of safety to justify approval, have been completed with any of our product candidates. Success in preclinical studies and early clinical trials does not ensure that later clinical trials will generate adequate data to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of a therapeutic candidate.

There is no guarantee that any future clinical trials will be started or completed in a timely fashion or succeed. Our ability ultimately to reach profitability is critically dependent on our future success in obtaining regulatory approval and/or commercialization for our product candidates. However, there can be no guarantee that any future clinical trials will be timely commenced, successful, or that regulators will approve our product candidates in a timely manner, or at all. None of our product candidates have been approved for marketing or are being marketed or commercialized at this time.

We do not anticipate that any of our current product candidates will be eligible to receive regulatory approval from the FDA or comparable foreign authorities and begin commercialization for a number of years, if ever. Even if we ultimately receive regulatory approval for any of these product candidates, we or our current or potential future partners, if any, may be unable to commercialize them successfully for a variety of reasons. These include, for example, the availability of alternative treatments, lack of cost-effectiveness, the cost of manufacturing the product on a commercial scale and competition with other drugs or therapies. The success of our product candidates may also be limited by the prevalence and severity of any adverse side effects. If we fail to commercialize one or more of our current product candidates, we may be unable to generate sufficient revenues to attain or maintain profitability, and our financial condition and stock price may decline.

We are involved, and may become involved in the future, in disputes and other legal or regulatory proceedings that, if adversely decided or settled, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are, and may in the future become, party to litigation, arbitration, regulatory proceedings or other disputes. In general, claims made by or against us in disputes and other legal or regulatory proceedings can be expensive and time consuming to bring or defend against, requiring us to expend significant resources and divert the efforts and attention of our management and other personnel from our business operations. These potential claims include, but are not limited to, personal injury claims, class action lawsuits, intellectual property claims, employment litigation and regulatory investigations and causes of action relating to the advertising and promotional claims about our products.

On January 19, 2022, we provided a notice of material breach in connection with Amerimmune’s non-performance under the Collaborative Agreement and, on March 3, 2022, we filed the Arbitration Demand. On March 11, 2022, JAMS issued a Notice of Commencement of Arbitration letter, confirming the commencement of the arbitration as of that date. During the arbitration, both Amerimmune and us continue to support planning of a Phase 2 trial of emricasan for the treatment of COVID-19. As part of our Arbitration Demand, we are seeking a declaratory judgment that Amerimmune has materially breached the Collaborative Agreement, and we are therefore entitled to terminate the Collaborative Agreement. In the event of termination for material breach, all rights and licenses granted to Amerimmune by us shall terminate, and any and all rights granted by us to Amerimmune revert to Histogen.  If we are successful, we would regain full rights to emricasan and other caspase modulators, including CTS-2090 and CTS-2096. In that case, we intend to develop emricasan for COVID-19 and other infectious and inflammatory diseases independently at our discretion. In the event that a declaratory judgment to terminate the Collaborative Agreement is not awarded, we are also pursuing in the alternative a cause of action for breach of contract, seeking an award of damages for such breach.

On March 8, 2022, Amerimmune provided written notice to exercise an option for additional license rights to develop additional products, provided, however, the Company has rejected Amerimmune’s election of the option and believes that Amerimmune no longer has such right to exercise the option based on, amongst other reasons, our belief that the Agreement has been terminated as set forth in our Arbitration Demand.

There can be no assurances that the Arbitration Demand will result in our favor. We may not receive a declaratory award to terminate the Collaborative Agreement.  Amerimmune may be successful in exercising the option under the Agreement providing for additional licenses to commercialize additional products in various fields pursuant to the terms of the Agreement . If the Collaborative

48

Agreement is not terminated, we will likely continue to jointly develop emricasan pursuant to the terms of the Collaborative Agreement; provided, however, the arbitrator may decide alternative outcomes such as Amerimmune having the ability to commercialize emricasan on its own or other outcomes that are undeterminable at this time, but, ultimately, have a material adverse impact on the Company and our future viability. We also may not be successful in receiving an award of damages in the Arbitration.

Two former employees of the Company filed a complaint in the Superior Court of California, County of San Diego, alleging certain employment-related claims, described in more depth in the following risk factor titled “Employee litigation and unfavorable publicity could negatively affect our future business.”.

Any adverse determination against us in these proceedings, or even the allegations contained in the claims, regardless of whether they are ultimately found to be without merit, may also result in settlements, injunctions or damages that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Employee litigation and unfavorable publicity could negatively affect our future business.

From time to time, companies become involved in employment related litigation, including claims of age discrimination, sexual harassment, gender discrimination, creating a hostile workplace, retaliation, wrongful termination, immigration violations, or other local, state, and federal labor law violations. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of discrimination and harassment claims generally. Coupled with the expansion of social media platforms and similar devices that allow individuals access to a broad audience, these claims have had a significant negative impact on some businesses. Certain companies that have faced employment or harassment related lawsuits have had to terminate management or other key personnel, and have suffered reputational harm that has negatively impacted their business. Any employment-related claim could negatively affect our business.

On or about February 17, 2022, two former employees, each of whom separately resigned and terminated their employment with Histogen, filed a complaint in the Superior Court of California, County of San Diego against us, our Board of Directors and certain other of our current and prior employees. The former non-executive employees of the Company have asserted causes of action for whistleblower status, retaliation, discrimination, unfair business practices, wrongful termination, violation of civil rights, and other California state law claims. The Company objects to the naming of each of the defendants in this matter and denies each of the plaintiffs’ claims. The plaintiffs agreed to pre-arbitration mediation, which was conducted on May 4, 2022, as was required by the arbitration agreement executed by each of the plaintiffs. Considering that the parties did not resolve the matter through this mediation, the Company expects to petition the San Diego Superior Court for an order that the matter now be submitted to arbitration consistent with each of the plaintiff’s arbitration agreements. The Company believes that our defense costs, settlement monies, damages or any other awards would be covered by our liability insurance; provided, however, insurance may not cover all claims or could exceed our insurance coverage. The Company believes that there are substantial defenses to this lawsuit, and we intend to vigorously defend against each of these claims. While this litigation matter is in the early stages, the Company believes the action is without merit.

However, because of the uncertain nature of litigation, the outcome of these claims or any other such employment related actions and proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty and an unfavorable resolution of one or more of them could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, reputation, brand identity and the trading price of our securities. Any such litigation, with or without merit, could also result in substantial expenditures of time and money, and divert attention of our management team from other tasks important to the success of our business.

49

Clinical drug development involves uncertain outcomes, and results of earlier studies and trials may not be predictive of future trial results.

Clinical testing is expensive and can take many years to complete, and its outcome is inherently uncertain. Failure can occur at any time during the clinical trial process. The results of preclinical studies and early clinical trials relating to our product candidates may not be predictive of the results of later-stage clinical trials. Product candidates in later stages of clinical trials may fail to show the desired safety and efficacy traits despite having progressed through preclinical studies and initial clinical trials. A number of companies in the biopharmaceutical industry have suffered significant setbacks in advanced clinical trials due to lack of efficacy or safety profiles, notwithstanding promising results in earlier trials. We cannot be certain that any of our current or future clinical trials will be successful and support regulatory approval in any jurisdiction. Failure in one indication may have negative consequences for the development of our product candidates for other indications. Any such failure may harm our business, prospects, and financial condition.

If development of our product candidates does not produce favorable results, we, and our collaborators, may be unable to commercialize these products.

To receive regulatory approval for the commercialization of our product candidates, HST-003, HST-004, and emricasan, being developed jointly with Amerimmune, for the treatment of COVID-19, and we are evaluating the use of emricasan for other infectious diseases, including for the treatment of MRSA, and our other preclinical product candidates, CTS-2090 and CTS-2096, or any other product candidates that we may develop, adequate and well-controlled clinical trials must be conducted to demonstrate safety and efficacy in humans to the satisfaction of the FDA and comparable foreign regulatory authorities. In order to support marketing approval, these agencies typically require successful results in one or more Phase 3 clinical trials, which our current product candidates have not yet reached and may never reach. In addition to the risks described above under “Clinical drug development involves uncertain outcomes, and results of earlier studies and trials may not be predictive of future trial results,” we may experience numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result of, the development process that could delay or prevent commercialization of our current or future product candidates, including the following:

• clinical trials may produce negative or inconclusive results;

• preclinical studies conducted with product candidates during clinical development to, among other things, evaluate their toxicology, carcinogenicity and pharmacokinetics and optimize their formulation may produce unfavorable results;

• patient recruitment and enrollment in clinical trials may be slower than we anticipate, particularly for subjects who are at a higher risk of severe illness or death from COVID-19;

• costs of development may be greater than we anticipate;

• our product candidates may cause undesirable side effects that delay or preclude regulatory approval or limit their commercial use or market acceptance, if approved;

• licensees who may be responsible for the development of our product candidates may not devote sufficient resources to these clinical trials or other preclinical studies of these candidates or conduct them in a timely manner; or

• we may face delays in obtaining regulatory approvals to commence one or more clinical trials.

In the future, we or our collaborators will be responsible for establishing the targeted endpoints and goals for development of our product candidates. These targeted endpoints and goals may be inadequate to demonstrate the safety and efficacy levels required for regulatory approvals. Even if we believe data collected during the development of our product candidates are promising, such data may not be sufficient to support marketing approval by the FDA or comparable foreign authorities. Further, data generated during development can be interpreted in different ways, and the FDA or comparable foreign authorities may interpret such data in different ways than us or our collaborators. Our failure to adequately demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidates would prevent our receipt of regulatory approval, and ultimately the potential commercialization of these product candidates. 

In addition, since we do not currently possess the resources necessary to complete development and commercialize our product candidates or any other product candidates that we may develop, we have entered into and may seek to enter into license agreements to assist in the development and potential future commercialization of some or all of our product candidates as a component of our strategic plan. For example, we entered into a Collaborative Development and Commercialization Agreement with Amerimmune, pursuant to which Amerimmune, at its expense and in collaboration with us, shall use commercially reasonable efforts to lead the development activities for emricasan for COVID-19. See “Risk Factor – “We expect to depend on collaborations with third parties for the research, development and commercialization of certain of the product candidates we may develop. If any such collaborations are not successful, we may not be able to realize the market potential of those product candidates”.

50

We expect to continue to incur significant research and development expenses, which may make it difficult for us to attain profitability.

We expect to expend substantial funds in research and development, including preclinical studies and clinical trials of our product candidates, and to manufacture and market any product candidates in the event they are approved for commercial sale. We also may need additional funding to develop or acquire complementary companies, technologies and assets, as well as for working capital requirements and other operating and general corporate purposes. Moreover, our planned increases in staffing will dramatically increase our costs in the near and long-term. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with drug development, we are unable to predict the timing or amount of our expenses, or when we will be able to generate any meaningful revenue or achieve or maintain profitability, if ever. In addition, our expenses could increase beyond our current expectations if we are required by the FDA, or foreign regulatory agencies, to perform studies in addition to those that we currently anticipate, or if there are any delays in any of our or our future collaborators’ clinical trials or the development of any of our product candidates. Even if one or more of our product candidates is approved for commercial sale, we anticipate incurring significant costs associated with commercializing any approved product candidate and ongoing compliance efforts.

However, our spending on current and future research and development programs and product candidates for therapeutic indications may not yield any commercially viable products. Due to our limited financial and managerial resources, we must focus on a limited number of research programs and product candidates and on specific therapeutic indications. Our resource allocation decisions may cause us to fail to capitalize on viable product candidates or profitable market opportunities.

Because the successful development of our product candidates is uncertain, we are unable to precisely estimate the actual funds we will require to develop and potentially commercialize them. In addition, we may not be able to generate sufficient revenue, even if we are able to commercialize any of our product candidates, to become profitable.

We currently depend on collaborations with third parties for the research, development and commercialization of certain of the product candidates we may develop and may in the future depend on collaborations with third parties. If any such collaborations are not successful, we may not be able to realize the market potential of those product candidates.

We anticipate seeking third-party collaborators for the research, development, and commercialization of certain of the product candidates we may develop. For example, we entered into an agreement with Amerimmune under which we and Amerimmune are jointly developing emricasan for the treatment of COVID-19.

In October 2020, we entered into a Collaborative Agreement with Amerimmune to jointly develop emricasan for the potential treatment of COVID-19. The FDA approved an investigational new drug application (IND) to initiate a Phase 1 study of emricasan in mild COVID-19 patients to assess safety and tolerability in 2020. Under the Collaborative Agreement, during the agreed upon research term, Amerimmune, at its own expense and in collaboration with us, is required to use commercially reasonable efforts to lead the development activities for emricasan, limited to the treatment of COVID-19. We believe that, for numerous reasons set forth in our arbitration demand, Amerimmune has failed to undertake commercially reasonable efforts towards the development of emricasan as required by the Collaborative Agreement. Therefore, we are currently seeking to terminate the Collaborative Agreement and have the rights to independently proceed with the development of emricasan for the treatment of COVID-19 and other infectious and inflammatory diseases at our discretion. At this time, we continue to operate under the terms of the existing Collaborative Agreement for the joint development of emricasan for the treatment of COVID-19.  

The process of establishing and maintaining collaborative relationships is difficult, time-consuming and involves significant uncertainty, such as:

• a collaboration partner may shift its priorities and resources away from our product candidates due to a change in business strategies, or a merger, acquisition, sale or downsizing;

• a collaboration partner may seek to renegotiate or terminate their relationships with us due to unsatisfactory clinical results, manufacturing issues, a change in business strategy, a change of control or other reasons;

• a collaboration partner may cease development in therapeutic areas which are the subject of our strategic collaboration;

• a collaboration partner may not devote sufficient capital or resources towards our product candidates;

• a collaboration partner may change the success criteria for a product candidate thereby delaying or ceasing development of such candidate;

• a significant delay in initiation of certain development activities by a collaboration partner will also delay payment of milestones tied to such activities, thereby impacting our ability to fund our own activities;

51

• a collaboration partner could develop a product that competes, either directly or indirectly, with our product candidate;

• a collaboration partner with commercialization obligations may not commit sufficient financial or human resources to the marketing, distribution or sale of a product;

• a collaboration partner with manufacturing responsibilities may encounter regulatory, resource or quality issues and be unable to meet demand requirements;

• a collaboration partner may terminate a strategic alliance;

• a dispute may arise between us and a partner concerning the research, development or commercialization of a product candidate resulting in a delay in milestones, royalty payments or termination of an alliance and possibly resulting in costly litigation or arbitration which may divert management attention and resources; and

• a partner may use our products or technology in such a way as to make us subject to litigation with a third party.

If any collaborator fails to fulfill its responsibilities in a timely manner, or at all, our research, clinical development, manufacturing or commercialization efforts related to that collaboration could be delayed or terminated, or it may be necessary for us to assume responsibility for expenses or activities that would otherwise have been the responsibility of our collaborator. If we are unable to establish and maintain collaborative relationships on acceptable terms or to successfully transition terminated collaborative agreements, we may have to delay or discontinue further development of one or more of our product candidates, undertake development and commercialization activities at our own expense or find alternative sources of capital.

For any such arrangements with third parties, we will likely have shared or limited control over the amount and timing of resources that our collaborators dedicate to the development or potential commercialization of any product candidates we may seek to develop with them. Our ability to generate revenue from these arrangements with commercial entities will depend on our collaborators’ abilities to successfully perform the functions assigned to them in these arrangements. We cannot predict the success of any collaboration that we enter into.

In addition, we may face significant competition in seeking appropriate collaborations and the negotiation process is time-consuming and complex, and we may not be able to negotiate collaborations on a timely basis, on acceptable terms, or at all. If we are unable to do so, we may have to curtail the development of the product candidate for which we are seeking to collaborate, reduce or delay its development program or one or more of our other development programs, delay its potential commercialization or reduce the scope of any sales or marketing activities, or increase our expenditures and undertake development or commercialization activities at our own expense. If we elect to increase our expenditures to fund development or commercialization activities on our own, we may need to obtain additional capital, which may not be available to us on acceptable terms or at all. If we do not have sufficient funds, we may not be able to further develop product candidates or bring them to market and generate product revenue.

Our product candidates may cause undesirable side effects that could delay or prevent their regulatory approval or commercialization or have other significant adverse implications on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Undesirable side effects observed in clinical trials or in supportive preclinical studies with our product candidates could interrupt, delay or halt their development and could result in the denial of regulatory approval by the FDA or comparable foreign authorities for any or all targeted indications or adversely affect the marketability of any such product candidates that receive regulatory approval. In turn, this could eliminate or limit our ability to commercialize our product candidates.

Our product candidates may exhibit adverse effects in preclinical toxicology studies and adverse interactions with other drugs. There are also risks associated with additional requirements the FDA or comparable foreign authorities may impose for marketing approval with regard to a particular disease.

Our product candidates may require a risk management program that could include patient and healthcare provider education, usage guidelines, appropriate promotional activities, a post-marketing observational study, and ongoing safety and reporting mechanisms, among other requirements. Prescribing could be limited to physician specialists or physicians trained in the use of the drug, or could be limited to a more restricted patient population. Any risk management program required for approval of our product candidates could potentially have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Undesirable side effects involving our product candidates may have other significant adverse implications on our business, financial condition and results of operations. For example:

• we may be unable to obtain additional financing on acceptable terms, if at all;

52

• our collaborators may terminate any license agreements covering these product candidates;

• if any license agreements are terminated, we may determine not to further develop the affected product candidates due to resource constraints and may not be able to establish additional license agreements for their further development on acceptable terms, if at all;

• if we were to later continue the development of these product candidates and receive regulatory approval, earlier findings may significantly limit their marketability and thus significantly lower our potential future revenues from their commercialization;

• we may be subject to product liability or stockholder litigation; and

• we may be unable to attract and retain key employees.

In addition, if any of our product candidates receive marketing approval and we or others later identify undesirable side effects caused by the product:

• regulatory authorities may withdraw their approval of the product, or us or our partners may decide to cease marketing and sale of the product voluntarily;

• we may be required to change the way the product is administered, conduct additional clinical trials or preclinical studies regarding the product, change the labeling of the product, or change the product’s manufacturing facilities; and

• our reputation may suffer.

Any of these events could prevent us from achieving or maintaining market acceptance of the particular product candidate, if approved, and could significantly harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, and growth prospects. We cannot predict whether our product candidates will cause toxicities in humans that would preclude or lead to the revocation of regulatory approval based on nonclinical studies or early-stage clinical trials.

Delays in the commencement or completion of clinical trials could result in increased costs to us and delay our ability to establish strategic license agreements.

Delays in the commencement or completion of clinical trials could significantly impact our drug development costs. We do not know whether planned clinical trials will begin on time or be completed on schedule, if at all.

The commencement of clinical trials can be delayed for a variety of reasons, including, but not limited to, delays related to:

• obtaining regulatory approval to commence one or more clinical trials;

• reaching agreement on acceptable terms with prospective third-party contract research organizations (“CROs”) and clinical trial sites;

• manufacturing sufficient quantities of a product candidate or other materials necessary to conduct clinical trials;

• obtaining institutional review board approval to conduct one or more clinical trials at a prospective site;

• recruiting and enrolling patients to participate in our HST-003 study and other clinical trials; and

• the failure of our licensees to adequately resource our product candidates due to their focus on other programs or as a result of general market conditions.

In addition, once a clinical trial has begun, it may be suspended or terminated by us, our licensees, the institutional review boards or data safety monitoring boards charged with overseeing our clinical trials, the FDA or comparable foreign authorities due to a number of factors, including:

• failure to conduct the clinical trial in accordance with regulatory requirements or clinical protocols;

• inspection of the clinical trial operations or clinical trial site by the FDA or comparable foreign authorities resulting in the imposition of a clinical hold;

• unforeseen safety issues; or

• lack of adequate funding to continue the clinical trial.

53

The progress of clinical trials and clinical studies also may be affected by significant global public health matters such as the current novel coronavirus outbreak. For example, our most current HST-003 study has experienced enrollment delays due to reduced frequency of elective procedures related to COVID-19. Factors related to the novel coronavirus outbreak that may impact the timing and conduct of our clinical trials and clinical studies include:

• the diversion of healthcare resources away from the conduct of clinical trial and clinical study matters to focus on pandemic-related concerns, including the attention of physicians serving as clinical trial investigators, hospitals and clinics serving as clinical trial sites, and medical staff supporting the conduct of clinical trials;

• limitations on travel and distancing requirements that interrupt key trial or study activities, such as site initiations and monitoring, or that limit the ability of a patient to participate in a clinical trial or study or delay access to drug dosing or assessments;

• interruption in global shipping affecting the transport of clinical trial materials, such as investigational drug product; and

• employee furlough days that delay necessary interactions with local regulators, ethics committees and other important agencies and contractors.

In addition, if patients or subjects participating in our clinical trials or studies were to contract COVID-19, there could be an adverse impact on the trials or studies. For example, such patients may be unable to participate further or may need to limit participation in a clinical trial or study; the results and data recorded for such patients may differ from those that would have been recorded if the patients had not been affected by COVID-19; or such patients could experience adverse events that could be attributed to the drug product under investigation.

If we experience delays in the completion or termination of any clinical trial of our product candidates, the commercial prospects of our product candidates will be harmed, and our ability to commence product sales and generate product revenues from any of our product candidates will be delayed. In addition, any delays in completing our clinical trials will increase our costs and slow down our product candidate development and approval process. Delays in completing our clinical trials could also allow our competitors to obtain marketing approval before we do or shorten the patent protection period during which we may have the exclusive right to commercialize our product candidates. Any of these occurrences may harm our business, financial condition and prospects significantly. In addition, many of the factors that cause, or lead to, a delay in the commencement or completion of clinical trials may also ultimately lead to the denial of regulatory approval of our product candidates.

Results of earlier clinical trials may not be predictive of the results of later-stage clinical trials.

The results of preclinical studies and early clinical trials of product candidates may not be predictive of the results of later-stage clinical trials. Product candidates in later stages of clinical trials may fail to show the desired safety and efficacy results despite having progressed through preclinical studies and initial clinical trials. Many companies in the biopharmaceutical industry have suffered significant setbacks in advanced clinical trials due to adverse safety profiles or lack of efficacy, notwithstanding promising results in earlier studies. Similarly, our future clinical trial results may not be successful for these or other reasons.

This product candidate development risk is heightened by any changes in the planned clinical trials compared to the completed clinical trials. As product candidates are developed through preclinical and early-stage to late-stage clinical trials towards approval and commercialization, it is customary that various aspects of the development program, such as manufacturing and methods of administration, are altered along the way in an effort to optimize processes and results. While these types of changes are common and are intended to optimize the product candidates for late-stage clinical trials, approval and commercialization, such changes carry the risk that they will not achieve these intended objectives.

Any of these changes could make the results of our planned clinical trials or other future clinical trials we may initiate less predictable and could cause our product candidates to perform differently, including causing toxicities, which could delay completion of our clinical trials, delay approval of our product candidates, and/or jeopardize our ability to commence product sales and generate revenues.

If we experience delays in the enrollment of patients in our clinical trials, our receipt of necessary regulatory approvals could be delayed or prevented.

We may not be able to initiate or continue clinical trials for our product candidates if we are unable to locate and enroll a sufficient number of eligible patients to participate in these trials as required by the FDA or other regulatory authorities. Patient enrollment, a significant factor in the timing of clinical trials, is affected by many factors, including the size and nature of the patient population, the proximity of patients to clinical sites, the eligibility criteria for the trial, the design of the clinical trial, competing clinical trials and

54

clinicians’ and patients’ perceptions as to the potential advantages of the drug being studied in relation to other available therapies, including any new drugs that may be approved for the indications we are investigating, as well as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

If we fail to enroll and maintain the number of patients for which the clinical trial was designed, the statistical power of that clinical trial may be reduced, which would make it harder to demonstrate that the product candidate being tested in such clinical trial is safe and effective. Additionally, enrollment delays in our clinical trials may result in increased development costs for our product candidates, which would cause our value to decline and limit our ability to obtain additional financing. Our inability to enroll a sufficient number of patients for any of our current or future clinical trials would result in significant delays or may require us to abandon one or more clinical trials altogether.

A pandemic, epidemic or outbreak of an infectious disease, such as COVID-19, or the perception of their effects, may materially and adversely affect our business, operations and financial condition.

Outbreaks of epidemic, pandemic or contagious diseases, such as COVID-19, have and may continue to significantly disrupt our business. Such outbreaks pose the risk that we or our employees, contractors, suppliers, and other partners may be prevented from conducting business activities for an indefinite period of time due to spread of the disease, or due to shutdowns that may be requested or mandated by federal, state and local governmental authorities both within and outside the United States. Business disruptions could include disruptions or restrictions on our ability to travel, as well as temporary closures of our facilities and the facilities of clinical trial sites, service providers, suppliers or contract manufacturers. While it is not possible at this time to estimate the overall impact that the COVID-19 pandemic could have on our business, the continued rapid spread of COVID-19, both across the United States and through much of the world, and the measures taken by the governments of countries and local authorities has disrupted and could delay advancing our product pipeline, could delay our clinical trials, and could delay our overall development activities. Any of these effects could adversely affect our ability to obtain regulatory approval for and to commercialize our product candidates, increase our operating expenses and have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects and financial condition.

We continue to evaluate the impact COVID-19 may have on our ability to effectively conduct our business operations as planned while taking into account regulatory, institutional, and government guidance and policies, but there can be no assurance that we will be able to avoid part or all of any impact from the spread of COVID-19 or its consequences. Any shutdowns or other business interruptions could result in material and negative effects to our ability to conduct our business in the manner and on the timelines presently planned, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects and financial condition.

We intend to rely on third parties to conduct our preclinical studies and clinical trials and perform other tasks. If these third parties do not successfully carry out their contractual duties, meet expected deadlines, or comply with regulatory requirements, we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for or commercialize our product candidates and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be substantially harmed.

We intend to rely upon third-party CROs, medical institutions, clinical investigators and contract laboratories to monitor and manage data for our ongoing preclinical and clinical programs. Nevertheless, we maintain responsibility for ensuring that each of our clinical trials and preclinical studies is conducted in accordance with the applicable protocol, legal, regulatory, and scientific standards and our reliance on these third parties does not relieve us of our regulatory responsibilities. We and our CROs and other vendors are required to comply with current requirements on good manufacturing practices (“CGMP”), good clinical practices (“GCP”) and good laboratory practice (“GLP”) which are a collection of laws and regulations enforced by the FDA, and comparable foreign authorities for all of our product candidates in clinical development. Regulatory authorities enforce these regulations through periodic inspections of preclinical study and clinical trial sponsors, principal investigators, preclinical study and clinical trial sites, and other contractors. If we or any of our CROs or vendors fails to comply with applicable regulations, the data generated in our preclinical studies and clinical trials may be deemed unreliable and the FDA, or comparable foreign authorities may require us to perform additional preclinical studies and clinical trials before approving our marketing applications. We cannot assure you that upon inspection by a given regulatory authority, such regulatory authority will determine that any of our clinical trials comply with GCP regulations. In addition, our clinical trials must be conducted with products produced consistent with CGMP regulations. Our failure to comply with these regulations may require us to repeat clinical trials, which would delay the development and regulatory approval processes.

We may not be able to enter into arrangements with CROs on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. In addition, our CROs will not be our employees, and except for remedies available to us under our agreements with such CROs, we will not be able to control whether or not they devote sufficient time and resources to our ongoing preclinical and clinical programs. If CROs do not successfully carry out their contractual duties or obligations or meet expected deadlines, if they need to be replaced or if the quality or accuracy of the data, they obtain is compromised due to the failure to adhere to our protocols, regulatory requirements, or for other reasons, our clinical trials may be extended, delayed or terminated and we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for or successfully commercialize our product candidates. CROs may also generate higher costs than anticipated. As a result, our business, financial

55

condition and results of operations and the commercial prospects for our product candidates could be materially and adversely affected, our costs could increase, and our ability to generate revenue could be delayed.

Switching or adding additional CROs, medical institutions, clinical investigators or contract laboratories involves additional cost and requires management time and focus. In addition, there is a natural transition period when a new CRO commences work replacing a previous CRO. As a result, delays occur, which can materially impact our ability to meet our desired clinical development timelines. There can be no assurance that we will not encounter similar challenges or delays in the future or that these delays or challenges will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

The FDA regulatory approval process is lengthy and time-consuming and we could experience significant delays in the clinical development and regulatory approval of our product candidates.

We may experience delays in commencing and completing clinical trials of our product candidates. We do not know whether planned clinical trials will begin on time, need to be redesigned, enroll patients on time or be completed on schedule, if at all. Any of our future clinical trials may be delayed for a variety of reasons, including delays related to:

• the availability of financial resources for us to commence and complete our planned clinical trials;

• reaching an agreement on acceptable terms with prospective contract research organizations (“CROs”), and clinical trial sites, the terms of which can be subject to extensive negotiation and may vary significantly among different CROs and clinical trial sites;

• obtaining IRB approval at each clinical trial site;

• obtaining regulatory approval for clinical trials in each country;

• recruiting suitable patients to participate in clinical trials;

• having patients complete a clinical trial or return for post-treatment follow-up;

• clinical trial sites deviating from trial protocol or dropping out of a trial;

• adding new clinical trial sites;

• developing one or more new formulations or routes of administration; or

• manufacturing sufficient quantities of our product candidate for use in clinical trials.

Patient enrollment, a significant factor in the timing of clinical trials, is affected by many factors including the size and nature of the patient population, the proximity of patients to clinical sites, the eligibility criteria for the clinical trial, the design of the clinical trial, competing clinical trials and clinicians’ and patients’ perceptions as to the potential advantages of the product candidate being studied in relation to other available therapies, including any new drugs that may be approved for the indications we are investigating. In addition, significant numbers of patients who enroll in our clinical trials may drop out during the clinical trials for various reasons. We believe it appropriately accounts for such increased risk of dropout rates in our trials when determining expected clinical trial timelines, but we cannot assure you that our assumptions are correct, or that it will not experience higher numbers of dropouts than anticipated, which would result in the delay of completion of such trials beyond our expected timelines.

We could encounter delays if physicians encounter unresolved ethical issues associated with enrolling patients in clinical trials of our product candidates in lieu of prescribing existing treatments that have established safety and efficacy profiles. Further, a clinical trial may be suspended or terminated by us, the IRBs in the institutions in which such trials are being conducted, the data monitoring committee for such trial, or by the FDA or other regulatory authorities due to a number of factors, including failure to conduct the clinical trial in accordance with regulatory requirements or our clinical protocols, inspection of the clinical trial operations or trial site by the FDA or other regulatory authorities resulting in the imposition of a clinical hold, unforeseen safety issues or adverse side effects, failure to demonstrate a benefit from using a product candidate, changes in governmental regulations or administrative actions or lack of adequate funding to continue the clinical trial. If we experience termination of, or delays in the completion of, any clinical trial of our product candidates, the commercial prospects for such product candidate will be harmed, and our ability to generate product revenues will be delayed. In addition, any delays in completing our clinical trials will increase our costs, slow down our product development and approval process and jeopardize our ability to commence product sales and generate revenues. Any of these occurrences may harm our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations significantly. Furthermore, many of the factors that cause, or lead to, a delay in the commencement or completion of clinical trials may also ultimately lead to the denial of regulatory approval of a product candidate.

In connection with clinical trials, we face risks that:

56

• IRBs may delay approval of, or fail to approve, a clinical trial at a prospective site;

• there may be a limited number of, and significant competition for, suitable patients for enrollment in the clinical trials;

• there may be slower than expected rates of patient recruitment and enrollment;

• patients may fail to complete the clinical trials;

• there may be an inability or unwillingness of patients or medical investigators to follow our clinical trial protocols;

• there may be an inability to monitor patients adequately during or after treatment;

• there may be termination of the clinical trials by one or more clinical trial sites;

• unforeseen ethical or safety issues may arise;

• conditions of patients may deteriorate rapidly or unexpectedly, which may cause the patients to become ineligible for a clinical trial or may prevent our product candidates from demonstrating efficacy or safety;

• patients may die or suffer other adverse effects for reasons that may or may not be related to our product candidate being tested;

• we may not be able to sufficiently standardize certain of the tests and procedures that are part of our clinical trials because such tests and procedures are highly specialized and involve a high degree of expertise;

• a product candidate may not prove to be efficacious in all or some patient populations;

• the results of the clinical trials may not confirm the results of earlier trials;

• the results of the clinical trials may not meet the level of statistical significance required by the FDA or other regulatory agencies; and

• a product candidate may not have a favorable risk/benefit assessment in the disease areas studied.

We cannot assure you that any future clinical trial for our product candidates will be started or completed on schedule, or at all. Any failure or significant delay in completing clinical trials for our product candidates would harm the commercial prospects for such product candidate and adversely affect our financial results. Difficulties and failures can occur at any stage of clinical development, and we cannot assure you that it will be able to successfully complete the development and commercialization of any product candidate in any indication.

Changes in funding for the FDA and other government agencies could hinder their ability to hire and retain key leadership and other personnel, or otherwise prevent new products and services from being developed or commercialized in a timely manner, which could negatively impact our business.

The ability of the FDA to review and approve new products can be affected by a variety of factors, including (i) government budget and funding levels, (ii) the ability to hire and retain key personnel and accept the payment of user fees and (iii) statutory, regulatory and policy changes. Average review times at the agency have fluctuated in recent years as a result. In addition, government funding of other government agencies that fund research and development activities is subject to the political process, which is inherently fluid and unpredictable.

Disruptions at the FDA and other agencies may also slow the time necessary for new drugs to be reviewed and/or approved by necessary government agencies, which would adversely affect its business. For example, over the last several years, including for 35 days beginning on December 22, 2018, the U.S. government has shut down several times and certain regulatory agencies, such as the FDA, have had to furlough critical FDA employees and stop critical activities. If a prolonged government shutdown occurs, it could significantly impact the ability of the FDA to timely review and process our regulatory submissions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

We are subject to a multitude of manufacturing risks, any of which could substantially increase our costs and limit supply of our product candidates.

The process of manufacturing our product candidates is complex, highly regulated, and subject to several risks. For example, the process of manufacturing our product candidates is extremely susceptible to product loss due to contamination, equipment failure or improper installation or operation of equipment, or vendor or operator error. Even minor deviations from normal manufacturing processes for any of our product candidates could result in reduced production yields, product defects, and other supply disruptions. If microbial, viral, or other contaminations are discovered in our product candidates or in the manufacturing facilities in which our

57

product candidates are made, such manufacturing facilities may need to be closed for an extended period of time to investigate and remedy the contamination. In addition, the manufacturing facilities in which our product candidates are made could be adversely affected by equipment failures, labor shortages, natural disasters, public health crises, pandemics and epidemics, such as the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), power failures and numerous other factors.

In addition, any adverse developments affecting manufacturing operations for our product candidates may result in shipment delays, inventory shortages, lot failures, withdrawals or recalls, or other interruptions in the supply of our product candidates. We also may need to take inventory write-offs and incur other charges and expenses for product candidates that fail to meet specifications, undertake costly remediation efforts, or seek costlier manufacturing alternatives.

We intend to rely primarily on third parties to manufacture our preclinical and clinical drug supplies, and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be harmed if those third parties fail to provide us with sufficient quantities of drug product or fail to do so at acceptable quality levels or prices.

We currently have the infrastructure or capability internally to manufacture certain of our preclinical and clinical drug supplies for use in our clinical trials, but we have engaged a contract manufacturing organization and once the technology transfer process is complete, we will rely completely on third parties for such manufacturing. We lack the resources and the capability to manufacture any of our product candidates on a late-stage clinical or commercial scale. We will rely on our manufacturers to purchase from third-party suppliers the materials necessary to produce our product candidates for our clinical trials. There are a limited number of suppliers for raw materials that we use to manufacture our product candidates, and there may be a need to identify alternate suppliers to prevent a possible disruption of the manufacture of the materials necessary to produce our product candidates for our clinical trials, and, if approved, ultimately for commercial sale. We do not have any control over the process or timing of the acquisition of these raw materials by our manufacturers. Although we generally do not begin a clinical trial unless we believe we have a sufficient supply of a product candidate to complete such clinical trial, any significant delay or discontinuity in the supply of a product candidate, or the raw material components thereof, for an ongoing clinical trial due to the need to replace a third-party manufacturer could considerably delay completion of our clinical trials, product testing and potential regulatory approval of our product candidates, which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We and our contract manufacturers are subject to significant regulation with respect to manufacturing our product candidates. The manufacturing facilities on which we rely may not continue to meet regulatory requirements.

All entities involved in the preparation of therapeutics for clinical trials or commercial sale, including our contract manufacturers for our product candidates, are subject to extensive regulation. Components of a finished therapeutic product approved for commercial sale or used in late-stage clinical trials must be manufactured in accordance with CGMP. These regulations govern manufacturing processes and procedures and the implementation and operation of quality systems to control and assure the quality of investigational products and products approved for sale. Poor control of production processes can lead to the introduction of contaminants or to inadvertent changes in the properties or stability of our product candidates that may not be detectable in final product testing. We or our contract manufacturers must supply all necessary documentation in support of a BLA, NDA, or PMA or MAA on a timely basis and must adhere to GLP and CGMP regulations enforced by the FDA or comparable foreign authorities through their facilities inspection program. Some of our contract manufacturers may not have produced a commercially approved pharmaceutical product and therefore may not have obtained the requisite regulatory authority approvals to do so. The facilities and quality systems of some or all of our third-party contractors must pass a pre-approval inspection for compliance with the applicable regulations as a condition of regulatory approval of our product candidates or any of our other potential products. In addition, the regulatory authorities may, at any time, audit or inspect a manufacturing facility involved with the preparation of our product candidates or any of our other potential products or the associated quality systems for compliance with the regulations applicable to the activities being conducted. Although we plan to oversee the contract manufacturers, we cannot control the manufacturing process of, and are completely dependent on, our contract manufacturing partners for compliance with the regulatory requirements. If these facilities do not pass a pre-approval plant inspection, regulatory approval of the products may not be granted or may be substantially delayed until any violations are corrected to the satisfaction of the regulatory authority, if ever.

The regulatory authorities also may, at any time following approval of a product for sale, audit the manufacturing facilities of our third-party contractors. If any such inspection or audit identifies a failure to comply with applicable regulations or if a violation of our product specifications or applicable regulations occurs independent of such an inspection or audit, we or the relevant regulatory authority may require remedial measures that may be costly or time consuming for us or a third party to implement, and that may include the temporary or permanent suspension of a clinical trial or commercial sales or the temporary or permanent closure of a facility. Any such remedial measures imposed upon us or third parties with whom we contract could materially harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

58

If we or any of our third-party manufacturers fail to maintain regulatory compliance, the FDA or comparable foreign authorities can impose regulatory sanctions including, among other things, refusal to approve a pending application for a product candidate, withdrawal of an approval, or suspension of production. As a result, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

Additionally, if supply from one manufacturer is interrupted, an alternative manufacturer would need to be qualified through a BLA, NDA, or PMA supplement or MAA variation, or equivalent foreign regulatory filing, which could result in further delay. The regulatory agencies may also require additional studies or trials if a new manufacturer is relied upon for commercial production. Switching manufacturers may involve substantial costs and is likely to result in a delay in our desired clinical and commercial timelines.

These factors could cause us to incur higher costs and could cause the delay or termination of clinical trials, regulatory submissions, required approvals, or commercialization of our product candidates. Furthermore, if our suppliers fail to meet contractual requirements and we are unable to secure one or more replacement suppliers capable of production at a substantially equivalent cost, our clinical trials may be delayed, or we could lose potential revenue.

Any license agreement that we may enter into in the future may not be successful, which could adversely affect our ability to develop and commercialize our current and potential future product candidates.

We may seek license agreements with biopharmaceutical companies for the development or commercialization of our current and potential future product candidates. To the extent that we decide to enter into license agreements, we will face significant competition in seeking appropriate licensees. Moreover, license agreements are complex and time consuming to negotiate, execute and implement. We may not be successful in our efforts to establish and implement license agreements or other alternative arrangements should we choose to enter into such arrangements, and the terms of the arrangements may not be favorable to us. If and when we enter into additional license agreements with a third party for development and commercialization of a product candidate, we can expect to relinquish some or all of the control over the future success of that product candidate to the third party. The success of our license agreements will depend heavily on the efforts and activities of our licensees. Licensees generally have significant discretion in determining the efforts and resources that they will apply to the product candidate.

Disagreements between parties to a license arrangement can lead to delays in developing or commercializing the applicable product candidate and can be difficult to resolve in a mutually beneficial manner. In some cases, licenses with biopharmaceutical companies and other third parties are terminated or allowed to expire by the other party. Any such termination or expiration would adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If we face allegations of noncompliance with the law and encounter sanctions, our reputation, revenues and liquidity may suffer, and any of our product candidates that are ultimately approved for commercialization could be subject to restrictions or withdrawal from the market.

Any government investigation of alleged violations of law could require us to expend significant time and resources in response and could generate negative publicity. Any failure to comply with ongoing regulatory requirements may significantly and adversely affect our ability to generate revenues from any of our product candidates that are ultimately approved for commercialization. If regulatory sanctions are applied or if regulatory approval is withdrawn, our business, financial condition and results of operations will be adversely affected. Additionally, if we are unable to generate revenues from product sales, our potential for achieving profitability will be diminished and our need to raise capital to fund our operations will increase.

We are exposed to product liability, non-clinical and clinical liability risks, which could place a substantial financial burden upon us, should lawsuits be filed against us.

Our business exposes us to potential product liability and other liability risks that are inherent in the testing, manufacturing and marketing of pharmaceutical formulations and products. In addition, the use in our clinical trials of pharmaceutical products and the subsequent sale of these products by us or our potential licensees may cause us to bear a portion of or all product liability risks. A successful liability claim or series of claims brought against us could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our research and development activities involve the use of hazardous materials, which subject us to regulation, related costs and delays and potential liabilities.

Our research and development activities involve the controlled use of hazardous materials, chemicals and various radioactive compounds. If an accident occurs, we could be held liable for resulting damages, which could be substantial. We are also subject to

59

numerous environmental, health and workplace safety laws and regulations, including those governing laboratory procedures, exposure to blood-borne pathogens and the handling of biohazardous materials. Additional federal, state and local laws and regulations affecting our operations may be adopted in the future. We may incur substantial costs to comply with, and substantial fines or penalties if we violate any of these laws or regulations.

We rely significantly on information technology and any failure, inadequacy, interruption or security lapse of that technology, including any cybersecurity incidents, could harm our ability to operate our business effectively.

Despite the implementation of security measures, our internal computer systems and those of third parties with which we contract are vulnerable to damage from cyber-attacks, computer viruses, unauthorized access, natural disasters, terrorism, war and telecommunication and electrical failures. System failures, accidents or security breaches could cause interruptions in our operations and could result in a material disruption of our drug development and clinical activities and business operations, in addition to possibly requiring substantial expenditures of resources to remedy. The loss of drug development or clinical trial data could result in delays in our regulatory approval efforts and significantly increase our costs to recover or reproduce the data. To the extent that any disruption or security breach were to result in a loss of, or damage to, our data or applications, or inappropriate disclosure of confidential or proprietary information, we could incur liability and our development programs and the development of our product candidates could be delayed.

Our employees and consultants may engage in misconduct or other improper activities, including noncompliance with regulatory standards and requirements.

We are exposed to the risk of employee or consultant fraud or other misconduct. Misconduct by our employees or consultants could include intentional failures to comply with FDA regulations, provide accurate information to the FDA, comply with manufacturing standards, comply with federal and state healthcare fraud and abuse laws and regulations, report financial information or data accurately or disclose unauthorized activities to us. In particular, sales, marketing and business arrangements in the healthcare industry are subject to extensive laws and regulations intended to prevent fraud, kickbacks, self-dealing and other abusive practices. These laws and regulations may restrict or prohibit a wide range of pricing, discounting, marketing and promotion, sales commissions, customer incentive programs and other business arrangements. Employee and consultant misconduct also could involve the improper use of information obtained in the course of clinical trials, which could result in regulatory sanctions and serious harm to our reputation. It is not always possible to identify and deter such misconduct, and the precautions we take to detect and prevent this activity may not be effective in controlling unknown or unmanaged risks or losses or in protecting us from governmental investigations or other actions or lawsuits stemming from a failure to be in compliance with such laws or regulations. If any such actions are instituted against us, and we are not successful in defending itself or asserting our rights, those actions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, and result in the imposition of significant fines or other sanctions against us.

Business disruptions such as natural disasters could seriously harm our future revenues and financial condition and increase our costs and expenses.

We and our suppliers may experience a disruption in their business as a result of natural disasters. A significant natural disaster, such as an earthquake, hurricane, flood or fire, could severely damage or destroy our headquarters or facilities or the facilities of our manufacturers or suppliers, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, terrorist acts or acts of war targeted at the U.S., could cause damage or disruption to us, our employees, facilities, partners and suppliers, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may engage in strategic transactions that could impact our liquidity, increase our expenses and present significant distractions to our management.

From time to time, we may consider strategic transactions, such as acquisitions of companies, asset purchases and out-licensing or in-licensing of products, product candidates or technologies. Additional potential transactions that we may consider include a variety of different business arrangements, including spin-offs, strategic partnerships, joint ventures, restructurings, divestitures, business combinations and investments. Any such transaction may require us to incur non-recurring or other charges, may increase our near- and long-term expenditures and may pose significant integration challenges or disrupt our management or business, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. For example, these transactions may entail numerous operational and financial risks, including:

• exposure to unknown liabilities;

60

• disruption of our business and diversion of our management’s time and attention in order to develop acquired products, product candidates or technologies;

• incurrence of substantial debt or dilutive issuances of equity securities to pay for any of these transactions;

• higher-than-expected transaction and integration costs;

• write-downs of assets or goodwill or impairment charges;

• increased amortization expenses;

• difficulty and cost in combining the operations and personnel of any acquired businesses or product lines with our operations and personnel;

• impairment of relationships with key suppliers or customers of any acquired businesses or product lines due to changes in management and ownership; and

• inability to retain key employees of any acquired businesses.

Accordingly, although there can be no assurance that we will undertake or successfully complete any transactions of the nature described above, any transactions that we do complete may be subject to the foregoing or other risks and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Relating to Our Intellectual Property

We may not be successful in obtaining or maintaining necessary rights to our product candidates through acquisitions and in-licenses.

One or more of our programs may require the use of proprietary rights held by third parties. We may need to acquire or in-license additional intellectual property in the future with respect to other product candidates. Moreover, we may be unable to acquire or in-license any compositions, methods of use, processes, or other intellectual property rights from third parties that we identify as necessary for our product candidates. We face competition with regard to acquiring and in-licensing third-party intellectual property rights, including from a number of more established companies. These established companies may have a competitive advantage over us due to their size, cash resources and greater clinical development and commercialization capabilities. In addition, companies that perceive us to be a competitor may be unwilling to assign or license intellectual property rights to us. We also may be unable to acquire or in-license third-party intellectual property rights on terms that would allow us to make an appropriate return on our investment.

We may enter into license agreements with U.S. and foreign academic institutions to accelerate development of our current or future preclinical product candidates. Typically, these agreements include an option for the company to negotiate a license to the institution’s resulting intellectual property rights. Even with such an option, we may be unable to negotiate a license within the specified timeframe or under terms that are acceptable to us. If we are unable to license rights from the institution, the institution may offer the intellectual property rights to other parties, potentially blocking our ability to pursue our desired program.

If we are unable to successfully obtain required third-party intellectual property rights or maintain our existing intellectual property rights, we may need to abandon development of the related program and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

We may not be able to protect our proprietary or licensed technology in the marketplace.

We depend on our ability to protect our proprietary or licensed technology. We rely on trade secret, patent, copyright and trademark laws, and confidentiality, licensing, and other agreements with employees and third parties, all of which offer only limited protection. Our success depends in large part on our ability and any licensor’s or licensee’s ability to obtain and maintain patent protection in the U.S. and other countries with respect to our proprietary or licensed technology and products. We currently in-license some of our intellectual property rights to develop our product candidates and may in-license additional intellectual property rights in the future. We cannot be certain that patent enforcement activities by our current or future licensors have been or will be conducted in compliance with applicable laws and regulations or will result in valid and enforceable patents or other intellectual property rights. We also cannot be certain that our current or future licensors will allocate sufficient resources or prioritize their or our enforcement of such patents. Even if we are not a party to these legal actions, an adverse outcome could prevent us from continuing to license intellectual property that we may need to operate our business, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

61

We believe we will be able to obtain, through prosecution of patent applications covering our owned technology and technology licensed from others, adequate patent protection for our proprietary drug technology, including those related to our in-licensed intellectual property. If we are compelled to spend significant time and money protecting or enforcing our licensed patents and future patents we may own, designing around patents held by others or licensing or acquiring, potentially for large fees, patents or other proprietary rights held by others, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected. If we are unable to effectively protect the intellectual property that we own or in-license, other companies may be able to offer the same or similar products for sale, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The patents of others from whom we may license technology, and any future patents we may own, may be challenged, narrowed, invalidated or circumvented, which could limit our ability to stop competitors from marketing the same or similar products or limit the length of term of patent protection that we may have for our products.

Obtaining and maintaining patent protection depends on compliance with various procedural, document submission, fee payment and other requirements imposed by governmental patent agencies, and our patent protection for licensed patents, pending patent applications and potential future patent applications and patents could be reduced or eliminated for non-compliance with these requirements.

Periodic maintenance fees, renewal fees, annuity fees and various other governmental fees on patents and/or patent applications will be due to be paid to the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (“USPTO”) and various governmental patent agencies outside of the U.S. in several stages over the lifetime of the applicable patent and/or patent application. The USPTO and various non-U.S. governmental patent agencies require compliance with a number of procedural, documentary, fee payment and other similar provisions during the patent application process. In many cases, an inadvertent lapse can be cured by payment of a late fee or by other means in accordance with the applicable rules. However, there are situations in which noncompliance can result in abandonment or lapse of the patent or patent application, resulting in partial or complete loss of patent rights in the relevant jurisdiction. If this occurs with respect to our in-licensed patents or patent applications we may file in the future, our competitors might be able to use our technologies, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

The patent positions of pharmaceutical products are often complex and uncertain. The breadth of claims allowed in pharmaceutical patents in the U.S. and many jurisdictions outside of the U.S. is not consistent. For example, in many jurisdictions, the support standards for pharmaceutical patents are becoming increasingly strict. Some countries prohibit method of treatment claims in patents. Changes in either the patent laws or interpretations of patent laws in the U.S. and other countries may diminish the value of our licensed or owned intellectual property or create uncertainty. In addition, publication of information related to our current product candidates and potential products may prevent us from obtaining or enforcing patents relating to these product candidates and potential products, including without limitation composition-of-matter patents, which are generally believed to offer the strongest patent protection.

Patents that we currently license and patents that we may own or license in the future do not necessarily ensure the protection of our licensed or owned intellectual property for a number of reasons, including, without limitation, the following:

• the patents may not be broad or strong enough to prevent competition from other products that are identical or similar to our product candidates;

• there can be no assurance that the term of a patent can be extended under the provisions of patent term extensions afforded by U.S. law or similar provisions in foreign countries, where available;

• the issued patents and patents that we may obtain or license in the future may not prevent generic entry into the market for our product candidates;

• we, or third parties from whom we in-license or may license patents, may be required to disclaim part of the term of one or more patents;

• there may be prior art of which we are aware, which we do not believe affects the validity or enforceability of a patent claim, but which, nonetheless, ultimately may be found to affect the validity or enforceability of a patent claim;

• there may be other patents issued to others that will affect our freedom to operate;

• if the patents are challenged, a court could determine that they are invalid or unenforceable;

• there might be a significant change in the law that governs patentability, validity and infringement of our licensed patents or any future patents we may own that adversely affects the scope of our patent rights;

62

• a court could determine that a competitor’s technology or product does not infringe our licensed patents or any future patents we may own; and

• the patents could irretrievably lapse due to failure to pay fees or otherwise comply with regulations or could be subject to compulsory licensing. If we encounter delays in our development or clinical trials, the period of time during which we could market our potential products under patent protection would be reduced.

Our competitors may be able to circumvent our licensed patents or future patents we may own by developing similar or alternative technologies or products in a non-infringing manner. Our competitors may seek to market generic versions of any approved products by submitting abbreviated new drug applications to the FDA in which our competitors claim that our licensed patents or any future patents we may own are invalid, unenforceable, or not infringed. Alternatively, our competitors may seek approval to market their own products similar to or otherwise competitive with our products. In these circumstances, we may need to defend or assert our licensed patents or any future patents we may own, including by filing lawsuits alleging patent infringement. In any of these types of proceedings, a court or other agency with jurisdiction may find our licensed patents or any future patents we may own invalid or unenforceable. We may also fail to identify patentable aspects of our research and development before it is too late to obtain patent protection. Even if we own or in-license valid and enforceable patents, these patents still may not provide protection against competing products or processes sufficient to achieve our business objectives.

The issuance of a patent is not conclusive as to our inventorship, scope, ownership, priority, validity, or enforceability. In this regard, third parties may challenge our licensed patents or any future patents we may own in the courts or patent offices in the U.S. and abroad. Such challenges may result in loss of exclusivity or freedom to operate or in patent claims being narrowed, invalidated, or held unenforceable, in whole or in part, which could limit our ability to stop others from using or commercializing similar or identical technology and products or limit the duration of the patent protection of our technology and potential products. In addition, given the amount of time required for the development, testing and regulatory review of new product candidates, patents protecting such product candidates might expire before or shortly after such product candidates are commercialized.

We may infringe the intellectual property rights of others, which may prevent or delay our drug development efforts and prevent us from commercializing or increase the costs of commercializing our products, if approved.

Our commercial success depends significantly on our ability to operate without infringing the patents and other intellectual property rights of third parties. For example, there could be issued patents of which we are not aware that our current or potential future product candidates infringe. There also could be patents that we believe we do not infringe, but that we may ultimately be found to infringe.

Moreover, patent applications are in some cases maintained in secrecy until patents are issued. The publication of discoveries in the scientific or patent literature frequently occurs substantially later than the date on which the underlying discoveries were made and patent applications were filed. Because patents can take many years to issue, there may be currently pending applications of which we are unaware that may later result in issued patents that our product candidates or potential products infringe. For example, pending applications may exist that claim or can be amended to claim subject matter that our product candidates or potential products infringe. Competitors may file continuing patent applications claiming priority to already issued patents in the form of continuation, divisional, or continuation-in-part applications, in order to maintain the pendency of a patent family and attempt to cover our product candidates. 

Third parties may assert that we are employing their proprietary technology without authorization and may sue us for patent or other intellectual property infringement. These lawsuits are costly and could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and divert the attention of managerial and scientific personnel. If we are sued for patent infringement, we would need to demonstrate that our product candidates, potential products, or methods either do not infringe the claims of the relevant patent or that the patent claims are invalid, and we may not be able to do this. Proving invalidity is difficult. For example, in the U.S., proving invalidity requires a showing of clear and convincing evidence to overcome the presumption of validity enjoyed by issued patents. Even if we are successful in these proceedings, we may incur substantial costs and the time and attention of our management and scientific personnel could be diverted in pursuing these proceedings, which could have a material adverse effect on us. In addition, we may not have sufficient resources to bring these actions to a successful conclusion. If a court holds that any third-party patents are valid, enforceable and cover our products or their use, the holders of any of these patents may be able to block our ability to commercialize our products unless we acquire or obtains a license under the applicable patents or until the patents expire.

We may not be able to enter into licensing arrangements or make other arrangements at a reasonable cost or on reasonable terms. Any inability to secure licenses or alternative technology could result in delays in the introduction of our products or lead to prohibition of the manufacture or sale of products by us. Even if we are able to obtain a license, it may be non-exclusive, thereby giving our competitors access to the same technologies licensed to us. We could be forced, including by court order, to cease commercializing the infringing technology or product. In addition, in any such proceeding or litigation, we could be found liable for monetary damages, including treble damages and attorneys’ fees, if we are found to have willfully infringed a patent. A finding of infringement could

63

prevent us from commercializing our product candidates or force us to cease some of our business operations, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Any claims by third parties that we have misappropriated their confidential information or trade secrets could have a similar material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. In addition, any uncertainties resulting from the initiation and continuation of any litigation could have a material adverse effect on our ability to raise the funds necessary to continue our operations.

Any claims or lawsuits relating to infringement of intellectual property rights brought by or against us will be costly and time consuming and may adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We may be required to initiate litigation to enforce or defend our licensed and owned intellectual property. Lawsuits to protect our intellectual property rights can be very time consuming and costly. There is a substantial amount of litigation involving patent and other intellectual property rights in the biopharmaceutical industry generally. Such litigation or proceedings could substantially increase our operating expenses and reduce the resources available for development activities or any future sales, marketing, or distribution activities.

In any infringement litigation, any award of monetary damages we receive may not be commercially valuable. Furthermore, because of the substantial amount of discovery required in connection with intellectual property litigation, there is a risk that some of our confidential information could be compromised by disclosure during litigation. Moreover, there can be no assurance that we will have sufficient financial or other resources to file and pursue such infringement claims, which typically last for years before they are resolved. Further, any claims we assert against a perceived infringer could provoke these parties to assert counterclaims against us alleging that we have infringed their patents. Some of our competitors may be able to sustain the costs of such litigation or proceedings more effectively than we can because of their greater financial resources. Uncertainties resulting from the initiation and continuation of patent litigation or other proceedings could have a material adverse effect on our ability to develop our product candidates.

In addition, our licensed patents and patent applications, and patents and patent applications that we may apply for, own or license in the future, could face other challenges, such as interference proceedings, opposition proceedings, re-examination proceedings and other forms of post-grant review. Any of these challenges, if successful, could result in the invalidation of, or in a narrowing of the scope of, any of our licensed patents and patent applications and patents and patent applications that we may apply for, own or license in the future subject to challenge. Any of these challenges, regardless of their success, would likely be time consuming and expensive to defend and resolve and would divert our management and scientific personnel’s time and attention.

Changes in U.S. patent law could diminish the value of patents in general, thereby impairing our ability to protect our products.

As is the case with other biopharmaceutical companies, our success is heavily dependent on intellectual property, particularly patents. Obtaining and enforcing patents in the biopharmaceutical industry involves both technological and legal complexity and is costly, time-consuming, and inherently uncertain. For example, the U.S. previously enacted and is currently implementing wide-ranging patent reform legislation. Specifically, on September 16, 2011, the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act (the “Leahy-Smith Act”) was signed into law and included a number of significant changes to U.S. patent law, and many of the provisions became effective in March 2013. However, it may take the courts years to interpret the provisions of the Leahy-Smith Act, and the implementation of the statute could increase the uncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our licensed and future patent applications and the enforcement or defense of our licensed and future patents, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

In addition, the U.S. Supreme Court has ruled on several patent cases in recent years, either narrowing the scope of patent protection available in certain circumstances or weakening the rights of patent owners in certain situations. In addition to increasing uncertainty with regard to our ability to obtain patents in the future, this combination of events has created uncertainty with respect to the value of patents, once obtained. Depending on decisions by the U.S. Congress, the federal courts and the USPTO, the laws and regulations governing patents could change in unpredictable ways that would weaken our ability to obtain new patents or to enforce patents that we might obtain in the future.

We may not be able to protect our intellectual property rights throughout the world.

Filing, prosecuting and defending patents on product candidates throughout the world would be prohibitively expensive. Competitors may use our licensed and owned technologies in jurisdictions where we have not licensed or obtained patent protection to develop their own products and, further, may export otherwise infringing products to territories where we may obtain or license patent protection, but where patent enforcement is not as strong as that in the U.S. These products may compete with our products in jurisdictions where we do not have any issued or licensed patents and any future patent claims or other intellectual property rights may not be effective or sufficient to prevent them from so competing.

64

Many companies have encountered significant problems in protecting and defending intellectual property rights in foreign jurisdictions. The legal systems of certain countries, particularly certain developing countries, do not favor the enforcement of patents and other intellectual property protection, particularly those relating to biopharmaceuticals, which could make it difficult for us to stop the infringement of our licensed patents and future patents we may own, or marketing of competing products in violation of our proprietary rights generally. Further, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect proprietary rights to the same extent or in the same manner as the laws of the U.S. As a result, we may encounter significant problems in protecting and defending our licensed and owned intellectual property both in the U.S. and abroad. For example, China currently affords less protection to a company’s intellectual property than some other jurisdictions. As such, the lack of strong patent and other intellectual property protection in China may significantly increase our vulnerability regarding unauthorized disclosure or use of our intellectual property and undermine our competitive position. Proceedings to enforce our future patent rights, if any, in foreign jurisdictions could result in substantial cost and divert our efforts and attention from other aspects of our business.

We may be unable to adequately prevent disclosure of trade secrets and other proprietary information.

In order to protect our proprietary and licensed technology and processes, we rely in part on confidentiality agreements with our corporate partners, employees, consultants, manufacturers, outside scientific advisors and sponsored researchers and other advisors. These agreements may not effectively prevent disclosure of our confidential information and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized disclosure of confidential information. In addition, others may independently discover our trade secrets and proprietary information. Failure to obtain or maintain trade secret protection could adversely affect our competitive business position. 

We may be subject to claims that our employees, consultants, or independent contractors have wrongfully used or disclosed confidential information of third parties.

We employ individuals who were previously employed at other biopharmaceutical companies. Although we have no knowledge of any such claims against us, we may be subject to claims that we or our employees, consultants or independent contractors have inadvertently or otherwise used or disclosed confidential information of our employees’ former employers or other third parties. Litigation may be necessary to defend against these claims. There is no guarantee of success in defending these claims, and even if we are successful, litigation could result in substantial cost and be a distraction to our management and other employees. To date, none of our employees have been subject to such claims.

We may be subject to claims challenging the inventorship of our licensed patents, any future patents we may own and other intellectual property.

Although we are not currently experiencing any claims challenging the inventorship of our licensed patents or our licensed or owned intellectual property, we may in the future be subject to claims that former employees, licensees or other third parties have an interest in our licensed patents or other licensed or owned intellectual property as an inventor or co-inventor. For example, we may have inventorship disputes arise from conflicting obligations of consultants or others who are involved in developing our product candidates. Litigation may be necessary to defend against these and other claims challenging inventorship. If we fail in defending any such claims, in addition to paying monetary damages, we may lose valuable intellectual property rights, such as exclusive ownership of, or right to use, valuable intellectual property. Such an outcome could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Even if we are successful in defending against such claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and be a distraction to management and other employees.

If we do not obtain additional protection under the Hatch-Waxman Amendments and similar foreign legislation extending the terms of our licensed patents and any future patents we may own, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

Depending upon the timing, duration, and specifics of FDA regulatory approval for our product candidates, one or more of our licensed U.S. patents or future U.S. patents that we may license or own may be eligible for limited patent term restoration under the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984, referred to as the Hatch-Waxman Amendments. The Hatch-Waxman Amendments permit a patent restoration term of up to five years as compensation for patent term lost during drug development and the FDA regulatory review process. This period is generally one-half the time between the effective date of an investigational new drug application (“IND”) (falling after issuance of the patent), and the submission date of an NDA, plus the time between the submission date of an NDA and the approval of that application. Patent term restorations, however, cannot extend the remaining term of a patent beyond a total of 14 years from the date of product approval by the FDA.

The application for patent term extension is subject to approval by the USPTO, in conjunction with the FDA. It takes at least six months to obtain approval of the application for patent term extension. We may not be granted an extension because of, for example, failing to apply within applicable deadlines, failing to apply prior to expiration of relevant patents or otherwise failing to satisfy

65

applicable requirements. Moreover, the applicable time period or the scope of patent protection afforded could be less than our requests. If we are unable to obtain patent term extension or restoration or the term of any such extension is less than our requests, the period during which we will have the right to exclusively market our product will be shortened and our competitors may obtain earlier approval of competing products, and our ability to generate revenues could be materially adversely affected.

Risks Related Owning Our Common Stock

The market price of our common stock has been and may continue to be volatile.

The market price of our common stock has been and may continue to be volatile. Our stock price could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to a variety of factors, including the following:

• results from, and any delays in, planned clinical trials for our product candidates, or any other future product candidates, and the results of trials of competitors or those of other companies in our market sector;

• any delay in filing an Investigational New Drug Application, Investigational Device Exemption or BLA, NDA or PMA, for any of our product candidates and any adverse development or perceived adverse development with respect to the FDA’s review of that IND, IDE or BLA, NDA or PMA;

• significant lawsuits, including patent or stockholder litigation;

• inability to obtain additional funding;

• failure to successfully develop and commercialize our product candidates;

• changes in laws or regulations applicable to our product candidates;

• inability to obtain adequate product supply for our product candidates, or the inability to do so at acceptable prices;

• unanticipated serious safety concerns related to any of our product candidates;

• adverse regulatory decisions;

• introduction of new products or technologies by our competitors;

• failure to meet or exceed drug development or financial projections we provide to the public;

• failure to meet or exceed the estimates and projections of the investment community;

• the perception of the biopharmaceutical industry by the public, legislatures, regulators and the investment community;

• announcements of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments by us or our competitors;

• disputes or other developments relating to proprietary rights, including patents, litigation matters and our ability to obtain patent protection for our licensed and owned technologies;

• additions or departures of key scientific or management personnel;

• changes in the market valuations of similar companies;

• general economic and market conditions and overall fluctuations in the U.S. equity market;

• public health crises, pandemics and epidemics, such as the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19);

• sales of our common stock by us or our stockholders in the future; and

• trading volume of our common stock.

In addition, the stock market, in general, and small biopharmaceutical companies, in particular, have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. Broad market and industry factors may negatively affect the market price of our common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance. Further, a decline in the financial markets and related factors beyond our control may cause our stock price to decline rapidly and unexpectedly.

If we were to be delisted from Nasdaq and begin to be quoted on the OTC market, the quotation of our common stock on the OTC market does not assure that a meaningful, consistent and liquid trading market currently exists, and in recent years such market has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have particularly affected the market prices of many smaller companies like

66

us. Our common stock would be subject to this volatility. Sales of substantial amounts of common stock, or the perception that such sales might occur, could adversely affect prevailing market prices of our common stock and our stock price may decline substantially in a short time and our stockholders could suffer losses or be unable to liquidate their holdings.

Raising additional capital may cause dilution to our existing stockholders, restrict our operations, or require us to relinquish rights to our technologies or product candidate.

We may seek additional capital through a combination of public and private equity offerings, debt financings, strategic partnerships and alliances and licensing arrangements. We have a purchase agreement in place with Lincoln Park to sell up to $10.0 million worth of shares of our common stock, from time to time, to Lincoln Park, under which approximately $8.5 million, or 1.6 million common shares, remains available for future sale as of March 31, 2022, subject to limitations on the amount of securities the Company may sell under its effective registration statement on Form S-3 within any 12-month period. Any sales under the Lincoln Park arrangement, and to the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the ownership interests of our stockholders will be diluted, and the terms may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect the rights of our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased fixed payment obligations and could involve certain restrictive covenants, such as limitations on our ability to incur additional debt, limitations on our ability to acquire or license intellectual property rights and other operating restrictions that could adversely impact our ability to conduct our business. If we raise additional funds through strategic partnerships and alliances and licensing arrangements with third parties, we may have to relinquish valuable rights to our technologies or product candidate, or grant licenses on terms unfavorable to us.

Our board of directors has issued, and may in the future issue one or more series of preferred stock without stockholder approval with the effect of diluting existing stockholders and impairing their voting and other rights.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation authorizes the issuance of up to 10,000,000 shares of “blank check” preferred stock, with designations, rights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by our board of directors. Our board of directors is empowered, without stockholder approval, to issue one or more series of preferred stock with dividend, liquidation, conversion, supermajority voting, redemption or other rights which could dilute the interest of, or impair the voting power of, our common stockholders.

As further described in Part I, Item 1, Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Note 6), in March 2022, we entered into a securities purchase agreement with certain investors, pursuant to which we issued and sold 2,500 shares of our newly designated Series A Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock and 2,500 shares of our newly designated Series B Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock (collectively the Preferred Stock) in a private placement transaction. The Preferred Stock is convertible, upon the occurrence of certain events, into an aggregate of 5,000,000 shares of our common stock (subject to adjustments for certain transactions), which if and when issued upon conversion will dilute the existing holders of our common stock. In addition, pursuant to a registration rights agreement with the investors, we agreed to file with the SEC a resale registration statement covering all shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the Preferred Stock that remain outstanding and have not previously been redeemed by us, which means that such shares would become eligible for resale in the public markets following the expiration of any applicable transfer restrictions. Any sale of such shares, or the anticipation of the possibility of such sales, could create downward pressure on the market price of our common stock.

Further, the shares of Preferred Stock have no voting rights, except that they only have the right to vote, with the holders of common stock, as a single class on a proposal to approve an amendment to our certificate of incorporation to effect a reverse stock split of our issued and outstanding common stock within a range, to be determined by our board of directors and set forth in such proposal. The Series A Preferred Stock and the Series B Preferred Stock permit the holder to cast 3,776 and 30,000 votes, respectively, per share of such Preferred Stock on the reverse stock split proposal. The holders of the Series A Preferred Stock agreed to vote their shares in favor of the reverse stock split proposal and the holders of the Series B Preferred Stock agreed to vote their shares on such proposal in the same proportions as the shares of common stock and Series A Preferred Stock are voted on such proposal. The holders of Preferred Stock will therefore have a substantial number of votes in excess of the amount of shares of common stock underlying its shares of Preferred Stock on the reverse stock split proposal. Accordingly, the interests of the holders of Preferred Stock may differ from those of the holders of our common stock with respect to the approval of the reverse stock split proposal.

Moreover, we have not received any proceeds from the sale of the Preferred Stock and may never receive any proceeds, since the proceeds of the private placement are held in an escrow account until the expiration of the redemption period and are subject to the earlier payment to redeeming holders of Preferred Stock. Holders of the Preferred Stock may require us to redeem all or part of the Preferred Stock at a redemption price equal to 105% of the stated value plus an amount equal to accumulated but unpaid dividends from the earlier of (i) receipt of stockholder approval of the reverse stock split or (ii) 90 days following the original issue date until 120 days following the original issue date. In addition, until the earlier of (a) 120 days after the closing, (b) the effectiveness of the reverse stock split, and (c) the date that the Preferred Stock is no longer outstanding, we are generally prohibited from entering into

67

any agreement to issue any shares of common stock or common stock equivalents, which limits our ability to pursue transactions until following the expiration of such restrictive period. These restrictions could adversely affect our ability to raise capital through the sale of our common stock or other common stock equivalents of ours at times and prices we believe appropriate.

This potential concentration of ownership, together with the voting rights, and redemptions rights granted to the holders of Preferred Stock as part of the transaction, may be perceived negatively by other investors and, as a result, may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and under Delaware law could make an acquisition of us more difficult and may prevent attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our management.

Provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws may delay or prevent an acquisition or a change in management. These provisions include a classified board of directors, a prohibition on actions by written consent of the combined organization’s stockholders and the ability of the board of directors to issue preferred stock without stockholder approval. In addition, because we are incorporated in Delaware, we are governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”), which prohibits stockholders owning in excess of 15% of our outstanding voting stock from merging or combining with us. Although we believe these provisions collectively will provide for an opportunity to receive higher bids by requiring potential acquirers to negotiate with our board of directors, they would apply even if the offer may be considered beneficial by some stockholders. In addition, these provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove then current management by making it more difficult for stockholders to replace members of the board of directors, which is responsible for appointing the members of management.

If our common stock is not listed on a national securities exchange, compliance with applicable state securities laws may be required for subsequent offers, transfers and sales of the shares of common stock offered hereby.

The securities offered hereby are being offered pursuant to one or more exemptions from registration and qualification under applicable state securities laws. Because our common stock is listed on Nasdaq, we are not required to register or qualify in any state the subsequent offer, transfer or sale of the common stock. If our common stock is delisted from Nasdaq and is not eligible to be listed on another national securities exchange, subsequent transfers of the shares of our common stock offered hereby by U.S. holders may not be exempt from state securities laws. In such event, it will be the responsibility of the holder of shares or warrants to register or qualify the shares for any subsequent offer, transfer or sale in the United States or to determine that any such offer, transfer or sale is exempt under applicable state securities laws.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock by our stockholders in the public market could cause our stock price to fall.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market or the perception that these sales might occur could significantly reduce the market price of our common stock and impair our ability to raise adequate capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We are unable to predict the effect that such sales may have on the prevailing market price of our common stock. As of March 31, 2022, we have outstanding warrants to purchase an aggregate of approximately 23.7 million shares of our common stock, and options to purchase an aggregate of approximately 2.3 million shares of our common stock, which, if exercised, may further increase the number of shares of our common stock outstanding and the number of shares eligible for resale in the public market.

Our internal control over financial reporting may not meet the standards required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and failure to achieve and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, could have a material adverse effect on our business and share price.

Our management is required to report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. The rules governing the standards that must be met for our management to assess our internal control over financial reporting are complex and require significant documentation, testing and possible remediation.

We cannot assure you that there will not be material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting in the future. Any failure to maintain internal control over financial reporting could severely inhibit our ability to accurately report our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. If we are unable to conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, or if our independent registered public accounting firm determines we have a material weakness or significant deficiency in our internal control over financial reporting once that firm begins our Section 404 reviews, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, the market price of our common stock could decline, and we

68

could be subject to sanctions or investigations by Nasdaq, the SEC or other regulatory authorities. Failure to remedy any material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, or to implement or maintain other effective control systems required of public companies, could also restrict our future access to the capital markets.

Our executive officers, directors and principal stockholders own a significant percentage of our stock and, if they choose to act together, will be able to exert control or significantly influence over matters subject to stockholder approval.

As of March 31, 2022, our executive officers, directors and greater than 5% stockholders, in the aggregate, own approximately 4.9% of our outstanding common stock. As a result, such persons, or their appointees to our board of directors, acting together, will be able to exert control or significantly influence over all matters submitted to our board of directors or stockholders for approval, including the appointment of our management, the election and removal of directors and approval of any significant transaction, as well as our management and business affairs. This concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying, deferring, or preventing a change in control, impeding a merger, consolidation, takeover or other business combination involving us, or discouraging a potential acquiror from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of our business, even if such a transaction would benefit other stockholders.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

In March 2022, Histogen Inc. (the “Company”) entered into a stock purchase agreement with certain accredited investors with respect to the private placement of (i) 2,500 shares of the Company’s Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Series A Preferred Stock”), and (ii) 2,500 shares of the Company’s Series B Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Series B Preferred Stock” and together with the Series A Preferred Stock, the “Preferred Stock”), in each case, at an offering price of $952.38 per share, representing a 5% original issue discount to the stated value of $1,000 per share of Preferred Stock, for gross proceeds from the Offerings of approximately $4.76 million, before the deduction of the placement agent’s fee and other offering expenses. The shares of Series A Preferred Stock has a stated value of $1,000 per share and are convertible, at a conversion price of $1.00 per share, into 2,500,000 shares of common stock. The shares of Series B Preferred Stock have a stated value of $1,000 per share and are convertible, at a conversion price of $1.00 per share, into 2,500,000 shares of common stock. The closing occurred on March 25, 2022.

The Company has agreed to file a resale registration statement by July 20, 2022 (“the Resale Registration Statement”) with the SEC covering all shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Preferred Stock that remains outstanding and has not previously been redeemed by the Company, and to cause the Resale Registration Statement to become effective by September 18, 2022 or, in the event of a full review of the Resale Registration Statement by the SEC, by October 18, 2022. H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC acted as the placement agent for the Company in connection with the financing.

The shares and warrants were issued to the investors without registration under the Securities Act of 1933 based upon exemptions from registration provided under Section 4(2) of the Act and Regulation D promulgated thereunder. The issuances did not involve any public offering; no general solicitation or general advertising was used in connection with the offering.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

None.

Use of Proceeds

Not applicable.

69

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.  

None.

70

Item 6. Exhibits.

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number	Description of Exhibit
3.1	Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 1, 2013).
3.2	Certificate of Amendment (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 27, 2020).
3.3	Certificate of Amendment (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 27, 2020).
3.4	Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 27, 2020).
3.5	Bylaw Amendment (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 25, 2022).
3.6	Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 25, 2022).
3.7	Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series B Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 25, 2022).
4.1	Specimen Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 13, 2020).
4.2	Form of Placement Agent Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 25, 2022).
10.1	Letter Agreement by and between the Company and Allergan Sales, LLC, dated March 18, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 22, 2022).
10.2	Form of Securities Purchase Agreement between Histogen Inc. and the investors therein, dated March 22, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 25, 2022).
10.3	Form of Registration Rights Agreement between Histogen Inc. and the investors therein, dated March 22, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 25, 2022).
10.4	Engagement Letter, dated March 1, 2022, between the Company and H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 25, 2022).
31.1*	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*	Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1*	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2*	Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.

71

101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

* Filed herewith.

72

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	Histogen Inc.
Date: May 12, 2022	By:	/s/ Steven J. Mento, Ph.D.
		Steven J. Mento, Ph.D.
		Interim President, Chief Executive Officer, and Executive Director (Principal Executive Officer)
Date: May 12, 2022	By:	/s/ Susan A. Knudson
		Susan A. Knudson Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Compliance Officer & Corporate Secretary
		(Principal Financial Officer)

73

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Steven J. Mento, Ph.D., certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report of Histogen Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date:  May 12, 2022	By:	/s/ Steven J. Mento, Ph.D.
		Steven J. Mento, Ph.D.
		Interim President, Chief Executive Officer, and Executive Director (Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Susan A. Knudson, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report of Histogen Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date:  May 12, 2022	By:	/s/ Susan A. Knudson
		Susan A. Knudson Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Compliance Officer & Corporate Secretary
		(Principal Financial Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Histogen Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ending March 31, 2022 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.

Date:  May 12, 2022	By:	/s/ Steven J. Mento, Ph.D.
		Steven J. Mento, Ph.D.
		Interim President, Chief Executive Officer, and Executive Director (Principal Executive Officer)

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Histogen Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ending March 31, 2022 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.

Date:  May 12, 2022	By:	/s/ Susan A. Knudson
		Susan A. Knudson Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Compliance Officer & Corporate Secretary
		(Principal Financial Officer)

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	May 06, 2022
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2022
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2022
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Trading Symbol	HSTO
Entity Registrant Name	Histogen Inc.
Entity Central Index Key	0001383701
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.0001 par value
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Address, Address Line One	10655 Sorrento Valley Road
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 200
Entity Address, City or Town	San Diego
Entity Address, State or Province	CA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	92121
City Area Code	(858)
Local Phone Number	526-3100
Entity File Number	001-36003
Entity Tax Identification Number	20-3183915
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		49,950,212
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Transition Report	false

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 17,848	$ 18,685
Restricted cash	400	400
Accounts receivable, net	67	165
Prepaid and other current assets	2,694	2,359
Redeemable convertible preferred stock financing proceeds held in escrow	4,762
Total current assets	25,771	21,609
Property and equipment, net	527	399
Right-of-use asset	4,451	4,432
Other assets	748	805
Total assets	31,497	27,245
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	1,274	1,393
Accrued liabilities	1,382	791
Current portion of lease liabilities	200	127
Current portion of deferred revenue	19	19
Total current liabilities	2,875	2,330
Lease liabilities, non-current	4,563	4,617
Noncurrent portion of deferred revenue	94	98
Finance lease liability, non-current	11	14
Total liabilities	7,543	7,059
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)
Mezzanine Equity
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021; 5,000 and 0 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively	4,296
Total mezzanine equity	4,296
Stockholders' Equity
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021; 49,950,212 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021	5	5
Additional paid-in capital	98,995	98,839
Accumulated deficit	(78,325)	(77,652)
Total Histogen Inc. stockholders’ equity	20,675	21,192
Noncontrolling interest	(1,017)	(1,006)
Total equity	19,658	20,186
Total liabilities, mezzanine equity, and stockholders’ equity	$ 31,497	$ 27,245

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Common stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized	200,000,000	200,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	49,950,212	49,950,212
Common stock, shares outstanding	49,950,212	49,950,212
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Redeemable convertible preferred stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Redeemable convertible preferred stock, shares authorized	10,000,000	10,000,000
Redeemable convertible preferred stock, shares issued	5,000	0
Redeemable convertible preferred stock, shares outstanding	5,000	0

XML

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021
Revenue
Total revenue	$ 3,755,000	$ 431,000
Operating expense
Research and development	1,932,000	2,153,000
General and administrative	2,506,000	2,331,000
Total operating expense	4,438,000	4,704,000
Loss from operations	(683,000)	(4,273,000)
Other income (expense)
Interest expense, net	(1,000)	(5,000)
Net loss	(684,000)	(4,278,000)
Loss attributable to noncontrolling interest	11,000	8,000
Net loss available to common stockholders	$ (673,000)	$ (4,270,000)
Net loss per share available to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$ (0.01)	$ (0.14)
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding used to compute net loss per share, basic and diluted	49,950,212	31,571,676
Product [Member]
Revenue
Total revenue		$ 306,000
Operating expense
Cost of product revenue		220,000
License [Member]
Revenue
Total revenue	$ 3,755,000	12,000
Grant [Member]
Revenue
Total revenue	$ 0	$ 113,000

XML

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF MEZZANINE AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Accumulated Deficit [Member]	Total Histogen Inc. Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) [Member]	Noncontrolling Interest [Member]
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2020	$ 6,913		$ 1	$ 70,561	$ (62,702)	$ 7,860	$ (947)
Beginning balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2020			15,030,757
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs	11,955		$ 2	11,953		11,955
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs, shares			14,000,000
Issuance of common stock for warrant exercises	6,832		$ 1	6,831		6,832
Issuance of common stock upon net exercise of warrants, shares			6,713,700
Share-based compensation expense	209			209		209
Net loss	(4,278)				(4,270)	(4,270)	(8)
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2021	21,631		$ 4	89,554	(66,972)	22,586	(955)
Ending balance, shares at Mar. 31, 2021			35,744,457
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021	20,186		$ 5	98,839	(77,652)	21,192	(1,006)
Beginning balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2021		0
Beginning balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2021			49,950,212
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs	(9)			(9)		(9)
Issuance of redeemable convertible preferred stock (mezzanine equity), net of issuance costs		$ 4,296
Issuance of redeemable convertible preferred stock (mezzanine equity), net of issuance costs, shares		5,000
Share-based compensation expense	165			165		165
Net loss	(684)				(673)	(673)	(11)
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2022	$ 19,658		$ 5	$ 98,995	$ (78,325)	$ 20,675	$ (1,017)
Ending balance, shares at Mar. 31, 2022		5,000
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2022		$ 4,296
Ending balance, shares at Mar. 31, 2022			49,950,212

XML

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$ (684)	$ (4,278)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	31	23
Stock-based compensation	165	209
2021 Tax credit adjustment for excess accrued	(40)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	98	(44)
Inventories		239
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(255)	1,042
Other assets	57
Accounts payable	(303)	(43)
Accrued liabilities	591	(732)
Right-of-use asset and lease liabilities, net		6
Deferred revenue	(5)	(34)
Net cash used in operating activities	(345)	(3,612)
Cash flows from investing activities
Cash paid for property and equipment	(15)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(15)
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs		11,955
Costs paid in connection with December 2021 financing	(9)
Repayment of finance lease obligations	(2)	(2)
Issuance costs for redeemable convertible preferred stock	(466)
Payment on financing of insurance premiums		(193)
Proceeds from the exercise of warrants		6,832
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(477)	18,592
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(837)	14,980
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	19,085	6,773
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	18,248	21,753
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash to the consolidated balance sheets
Cash and cash equivalents	17,848	21,743
Restricted cash	400	10
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	18,248	21,753
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash paid for interest	1	4
Noncash investing and financing activities
Property and equipment purchased on account, not yet paid	183
Issuance of redeemable convertible preferred stock, proceeds held in escrow	4,762
Fair value of warrants issued to Placement Agent	$ 34	$ 333

XML

Description of Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Description of Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

1. Description of Business, Basis of Presentation, and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Description of Business

Histogen Inc. (the “Company,” “Histogen,” “we,” or the “combined company”), formerly known as Conatus Pharmaceuticals Inc. (“Conatus”), was incorporated in the state of Delaware on July 13, 2005. The Company is a clinical-stage therapeutics company focused on developing potential first-in-class restorative therapeutics that ignite the body’s natural process to repair and maintain healthy biological function.

Merger between Private Histogen and Conatus Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Name Change

On January 28, 2020, the Company, then operating as Conatus, entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization, as amended (the “Merger Agreement”), with privately-held Histogen, Inc. (“Private Histogen”) and Chinook Merger Sub, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (“Merger Sub”). Under the Merger Agreement, Merger Sub merged with and into Private Histogen, with Private Histogen surviving as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Merger”). On May 26, 2020, the Merger was completed.  Conatus changed its name to Histogen Inc., and Private Histogen, which remains as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, changed its name to Histogen Therapeutics Inc. On May 27, 2020, the combined company’s common stock began trading on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the ticker symbol “HSTO”.

Liquidity and Going Concern

The Company has incurred operating losses and negative cash flows from operations and had an accumulated deficit of $78.3 million as of March 31, 2022. The Company expects operating losses and negative cash flows from operations to continue for the foreseeable future. As of March 31, 2022, the Company had $17.8 million in cash and cash equivalents.

The Company has not yet established ongoing sources of revenues sufficient to cover its operating costs and will need to continue to raise additional capital to support its future operating activities, including progression of its development programs, preparation for commercialization, and other operating costs. Management’s plans with regard to these matters include entering into a combination of additional debt or equity financing arrangements, strategic partnerships, collaboration and licensing arrangements, or other similar arrangements. In addition, the Company may fund its losses from operations through the common stock purchase agreement the Company entered into with Lincoln Park in July 2020, for the purchase of up to $10.0 million of the Company’s common stock over the 24 month period of the purchase agreement, $8.5 million of which remains available for sale as of the date these condensed consolidated financial statements were available to be issued (refer to Note 7 for further information), subject to limitations on the amount of securities the Company may sell under its effective registration statement on Form S-3 within any 12-month period. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to obtain additional financing on terms acceptable to the Company, on a timely basis or at all. Based on the Company’s current operating plan, management believes that existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to fund the Company’s obligations for at least 12 months after these condensed consolidated financial statements are issued.

The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business.

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its controlled subsidiaries, including Histogen Therapeutics, Inc., and have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.

The Company acquired Centro De Investigacion de Medicina Regenerativa, S.A. de C.V. (“CIMRESA”), a company in Mexico, during 2018 to facilitate a potential clinical development program for HST-001, or hair stimulating complex (“HSC”). This is a wholly-owned subsidiary intended to pursue registration with the COFEPRIS (Mexico equivalent to Food and Drug Administration). CIMRESA had no operational or financial activity for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021.

The Company holds a majority interest in Adaptive Biologix, Inc. (“AB”, formerly Histogen Oncology, LLC). AB was formed to develop and market applications for the treatment of cancer. The Company consolidates AB into its condensed consolidated financial statements.

Unaudited Interim Financial Information

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and GAAP. Accordingly, these condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of Management, these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments necessary, all of which are of a normal and recurring nature, to present fairly the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year or future periods. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2021 included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K that the Company filed with the SEC on March 10, 2022.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and contingencies at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. Management believes that these estimates and assumptions are reasonable, however, actual results may differ and could have a material effect on future results of operations and financial position. Though the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’s business and operating results presents additional uncertainty, Company’s management continues to use the best information available to them in their significant accounting estimates.

Significant estimates and assumptions include the useful lives of property and equipment, discount rates used in recognizing contracts containing leases, unrecognized tax benefits, reserves for excess or obsolete inventory, stock-based compensation, and best estimate of standalone selling price of revenue deliverables. Actual results may materially differ from those estimates.

Variable Interest Entities

The Company determined that AB is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) and that the Company is its primary beneficiary. The Company holds greater than 50% of the shares and has the authority to manage the business and affairs of the VIE. AB’s other shareholder does not have a controlling interest.

A VIE is typically an entity for which the Company has less than a 100% equity interest but controls the decision making over the business and affairs of the entity, directs the decisions driving the economic performance of such entity and participates in the profit and losses of such an entity. The Company weighed both quantitative and qualitative information about the different risks and reward characteristics of each entity and the significance of that entity to the consolidating group in the aggregate.

Segment Reporting

Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker, the Interim Chief Executive Officer, in making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. The Company views its operations and manages its business as one operating segment.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity date of ninety days or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents include cash in readily available checking, money market accounts and brokerage accounts.

The Company’s current restricted cash consists of cash held as collateral for a letter of credit issued as a security deposit for the lease of the Company’s headquarters and is required to be held throughout the lease term.

Risks and Uncertainties

Credit Risk

At certain times throughout the year, the Company may maintain deposits in federally insured financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to significant risk on its cash balances due to the financial position of the depository institutions in which those deposits are held.

Customer Risk

During the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, one customer accounted for 100% and 72% of total revenues.

COVID-19

The cumulative effect of the COVID-19 outbreak and associated disruptions have had, and may continue to have, an adverse impact on the Company’s business and its results of operations. The full impact of the COVID-19 outbreak continues to evolve as of the date these condensed consolidated financial statements were available to be issued and will depend on future developments that are highly uncertain and unpredictable, including efficacy and adoption of vaccines, future resurgences of the virus and its variants, and the speed at which government restrictions are lifted. As such, it is uncertain as to the full magnitude that the pandemic will have on the Company’s financial condition, liquidity, and future results of operations.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are generally due within 30 days and are recorded at net realizable value, which is determined using historical experience. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for potential credit losses. The allowance is based on an analysis of historical bad debt, current receivables aging, and expected future write-offs of uncollectible accounts, as well as an assessment of specific identifiable accounts considered at risk or uncollectible. Additions to the allowance for doubtful accounts include provisions for bad debt and deductions from the allowance for doubtful accounts include customer write-offs. Provision for doubtful accounts was not material for all periods presented.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are reported net of accumulated depreciation and amortization and are comprised of office furniture and equipment, lab and manufacturing equipment, and leasehold improvements. Ordinary maintenance and repairs are charged to expense, while expenditures that extend the physical or economic life of the assets are capitalized. Furniture and all equipment are depreciated over their estimated useful lives, or five years, using the straight-line method. Software is amortized over its estimated useful lives, or three years, using the straight-line method. Leasehold improvements are amortized over their estimated useful lives and limited by the remaining term of the building lease, using the straight-line method.

Valuation of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets to be held and used, including property and equipment, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. As of March 31, 2022, the Company has not recognized any impairment to long-lived assets.

Forward Purchase Contract

In 2011, Private Histogen contracted for research services from EPS Global Research Pte. Ltd. (“EPS”) to conduct clinical trials and compile data from a study that took place in 2011 and 2013. The unpaid amount due for the services was approximately $0.3 million.

In 2017, Private Histogen and EPS entered into a Debt Settlement and Conversion Agreement (“Settlement Agreement”) whereby Private Histogen paid $50 thousand and issued EPS 14,342 shares of Series D convertible preferred stock. The Company was required to repurchase the shares at the greater of the remaining balance due of approximately $0.3 million and the market price of the shares at the time of repurchase, but in no event later than December 31, 2021. The Company had the sole option to repurchase the shares (which were converted from Series D convertible preferred stock into shares of common stock upon the Merger) at any time on or before December 31, 2021.

On December 16, 2021, the Company repurchased from EPS 14,342 shares of common stock in exchange for a cash payment of approximately $0.3 million. The repurchased shares were recorded as treasury stock and retired as of March 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2021, no further amounts are due to EPS under the Settlement Agreement.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The Company is required to report all components of comprehensive income (loss), including net income (loss), in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements in the period in which they are recognized. Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as

the change in equity during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources, including unrealized gains and losses on investments and foreign currency translation adjustments. Net loss and comprehensive loss were the same for all periods presented.

Revenue Recognition

Product and License Revenue

The Company records revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, whereby revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be received in exchange for those goods or services. A five-step model is used to achieve the core principle: (1) identify the customer contract, (2) identify the contract’s performance obligations, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) a performance obligation is satisfied. The Company applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that the entity will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer. Shipping charges billed to customers are included in product revenue and the related shipping costs are included in cost of product revenue. The Company applies the revenue recognition standard, including the use of any practical expedients, consistently to contracts with similar characteristics and in similar circumstances (See Note 4).

Grant Awards

In March 2017, the National Science Foundation (“NSF”), a government agency, awarded the Company a research and development grant to develop a novel wound dressing for infection control and tissue regeneration. The Company has concluded this government grant is not within the scope of ASC 606, as government entities generally do not meet the definition of a “customer” as defined by ASC 606. Payments received under the grant are considered conditional, non-exchange contributions under the scope of ASC 958-605, Not-for-Profit Entities – Revenue Recognition, and are recorded as revenue in the period in which such conditions are satisfied. In reaching the determination that such payments should be recorded as revenue, management considered a number of factors, including whether the Company is a principal under the arrangement, and whether the arrangement is significant to, and part of, the Company’s ongoing operations. As of March 31, 2021, the Company had completed all obligations under the NSF development grant and, as such, no longer generates any revenues in connection with the research and development grant.

In September 2020, the Company was approved for a grant award from the U.S. Department of Defense (“DoD”) in the amount of approximately $2.0 million to partially fund the Company’s planned Phase 1/2 clinical trial of HST-003 for regeneration of cartilage in the knee. The Company applies International Accounting Standard (“IAS”) 20, Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance, by analogy as there is no existing authoritative guidance under GAAP. Under the terms of the award, the DoD will reimburse the Company for certain allowable costs. The period of performance for the grant award substantially expires in September 2025 and is subject to annual and quarterly reporting requirements. As the DoD grant is a cost-type (reimbursement) grant, the Company must incur program expenses in accordance with the Statement of Work and approved budget in order to be reimbursed by the DoD. The Company will recognize funding received from the grant award as a reduction of research and development expenses in the period in which qualifying expenses have been incurred, as the Company is reasonably assured that the expenses will be reimbursed and the funding is collectible. For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, qualifying expenses totaling $0.2 million for each reporting period have been incurred with a corresponding reduction of research and development expenses related to the award. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, $67 thousand and $0.2 million, respectively, was included in accounts receivable within the condensed consolidated balance sheets with respect to the award.

Cost of Product Revenue

Cost of product revenue represents direct and indirect costs incurred to bring the product to saleable condition.

Research and Development Expenses

All research and development costs are charged to expense as incurred. Research and development expenses primarily include (i) payroll and related costs associated with research and development performed, (ii) costs related to clinical and preclinical testing of the Company’s technologies under development, and (iii) other research and development costs including allocations of facility costs, net of reimbursable research and development costs incurred under the DoD grant.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses represent personnel costs for employees involved in general corporate functions, including finance, accounting, legal and human resources, among others. Additional costs included within general and administrative expenses

consist of professional fees for legal (including patent costs), audit and other consulting services, travel and entertainment, recruiting, allocated facility and general information technology costs, depreciation and amortization, and other general corporate overhead expenses.

Patent Costs

The Company expenses all costs as incurred in connection with patent applications (including direct application fees, and the legal and consulting expenses related to making such applications) and such costs are included in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred income taxes are recorded for temporary differences between condensed consolidated financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect the tax rates expected to be in effect for the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. No income tax expense or benefit was recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, due to the full valuation allowance on the Company’s net deferred tax assets. A valuation allowance is provided if it is more likely than not that some or all the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

The Company also follows the provisions of accounting for uncertainty in income taxes which prescribes a model for the recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return, and provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, disclosure, and transition.

The Company’s policy is to recognize interest or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. Interest and penalties related to income tax matters were not material for the periods presented.

Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period, without consideration for potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares and potentially dilutive securities outstanding for the period.

Potentially dilutive common shares consist of shares issuable from warrants, stock options, and redeemable convertible preferred stock. Potentially dilutive common shares issuable upon vesting of stock options and warrants are determined using the average share price for each period under the treasury stock method. In periods of net losses, the Company excludes all potentially dilutive common shares from the computation of diluted net loss per share for the periods as the effect would be anti-dilutive.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is equal to the basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders as common stock equivalent shares from stock options and warrants were anti-dilutive.

The following table sets forth outstanding potentially dilutive shares that have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders because of their anti-dilutive effect (in common stock equivalents):

	March 31, 2022		March 31, 2021
Common stock options issued and outstanding		2,977,292		2,672,963
Warrants to purchase common stock		24,076,140		10,009,456
Redeemable convertible preferred stock		5,000,000		—
Total anti-dilutive shares		32,053,432		12,682,419

Stock-Based Compensation

Service-Based Awards

The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense for service-based stock options and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) over the requisite service period on a straight-line basis. Employee and director stock-based compensation for service-based stock options is measured based on estimated fair value as of the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Company estimates the fair value of RSUs based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of issuance. The Company uses the following assumptions for estimating fair value of service-based option grants:

Fair Value of Common Stock – The fair value of common stock underlying the option grant is determined based on observable market prices of the Company’s common stock.

Expected Volatility – Volatility is a measure of the amount by which the Company’s share price has historically fluctuated or is expected to fluctuate (i.e., expected volatility) during a period. Due to the lack of an adequate history of a public market for the trading of the Company’s common stock and a lack of adequate company-specific historical and implied volatility data, volatility has been estimated and based on the historical volatility of a group of similar companies that are publicly traded. For these analyses, the Company has selected companies with comparable characteristics, including enterprise value, risk profiles, and position within the industry, and with historical share price information sufficient to meet the expected term of the stock-based awards.

Expected Term – This is the period of time during which the options are expected to remain unexercised. Options have a maximum contractual term of ten years. The Company estimates the expected term of stock options using the “simplified method”, whereby the expected term equals the average of the vesting term and the original contractual term of the underlying option.

Risk-Free Interest Rate – This is the observed yield on zero-coupon U.S. Treasury securities, as of the day each option is granted, with a term that most closely resembles the expected term of the option.

Expected Forfeiture Rate – Forfeitures are recognized as they occur.

Performance-Based Options

Stock-based compensation expense for performance-based options is recognized based on amortizing the fair market value as of the grant date over the periods during which the achievement of the performance is probable. Performance-based options require certain performance conditions to be achieved in order for these options to vest. These options vest on the date of achievement of the performance condition.

Market-Based Options

Stock-based compensation expense for market-based options is recognized on a straight-line basis over the derived service period, regardless of whether the market condition is satisfied. Market-based options subject to market-based performance targets require achievement of the performance target in order for these options to vest. The Company estimates the fair value of market-based options as of the grant date and expected term using a Monte Carlo simulation that incorporates option-pricing inputs covering the period from the grant date through the end of the derived service period.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

None

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40) (“ASU 2020-06”). This new guidance is intended to simplify the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity, including convertible instruments and contracts on an entity’s own equity. Entities may adopt ASU 2020-06 using either a partial retrospective or fully retrospective method of transition. This ASU is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2020-06 on January 1, 2022. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements or related disclosures.

In November 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-10, Government Assistance (Topic 832): Disclosure by Business Entities about Government Assistance (“ASU 2021-10”), which improves the transparency of government assistance received by certain business entities by requiring the disclosure of (1) the types of government assistance received; (2) the accounting for such assistance, and (3) the effect of the assistance on the business entity’s financial statements. ASU 2021-10 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2021-10 on January 1, 2022. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements or related disclosures

XML

Property and Equipment, Net

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Property Plant And Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment, Net

2. Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2022			December 31, 2021
Lab and manufacturing equipment	$	919		$	943
Office furniture and equipment		225			42
Software		48			48
Total		1,192			1,033
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization		(665	)		(634	)
Property and equipment, net	$	527		$	399

Depreciation and amortization expense for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, were $31 thousand and $23 thousand, respectively.

XML

Balance Sheet Details

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Balance Sheet Details

3. Balance Sheet Details

Prepaid and other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Insurance	$	405	$	691
Tenant improvement reimbursement receivable		1,412		1,057
Prepaid rent		78		132
Pre-clinical and clinical related expenses		256		158
Prepaid materials		152		138
Other		391		183
Total	$	2,694	$	2,359

Other assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Insurance	$	676	$	732
Cell bank material		61		61
Other		11		12
Total	$	748	$	805

Accrued liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Current portion of finance lease liabilities	$	9	$	9
Accrued compensation		351		346
Clinical study related expenses		42		103
Legal fees		255		144
Royalty payable		375		—
Other		350		189
Total	$	1,382	$	791

XML

Revenues

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Revenue From Contract With Customer [Abstract]

Revenues

4. Revenues

The following is a summary description of the material revenue arrangements, including arrangements that generated revenues during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021.

Allergan License Agreements

2017 Allergan Amendment

In 2017, the Company entered into a series of agreements (collectively, the “2017 Allergan Agreement”), which ultimately transferred Suneva Medical, Inc.’s license and supply rights of Histogen’s cell conditioned medium (“CCM”) skin care ingredient in the medical aesthetics market to Allergan Sales LLC (“Allergan”) and granted Allergan an exclusive, royalty-free, perpetual, irrevocable, non-terminable and transferable license, including the right to sublicense to third parties, to use the Company’s CCM skin care ingredient in the medical aesthetics market. The 2017 Allergan Agreement also obligated the Company to deliver CCM to Allergan (the “Supply of CCM to Allergan”) in the future as well as share with Allergan any potential future improvements to the Company’s CCM skin care ingredients identified through the Company’s research and development efforts (“Potential Future Improvements”).  In consideration for the execution of the agreements, Histogen received a cash payment of $11.0 million and a potential additional payment of $5.5 million if Allergan’s net sales of products containing the Company’s CCM skin care ingredient exceeds $60.0 million in any calendar year through December 31, 2027.

2019 Allergan Amendment

In March 2019, Histogen entered into a separate agreement with Allergan (the “2019 Allergan Amendment”) to amend the 2017 Allergan Agreement in exchange for a one-time payment of $7.5 million to the Company. The agreement broadened Allergan’s license rights, expanding Allergan’s access to certain sales channels where its products incorporating the CCM ingredient can be sold. Specifically, the license was broadened to provide Allergan the exclusive right to sell through the “Amazon Professional” website, or any website or digital platform owned or licensed by Allergan or under the Allergan brand name, and non-exclusive rights to sell on other websites and through brick-and-mortar medical spas and wellness centers (excluding websites and brick-and-mortar stores of luxury brands).

The Company evaluated the 2019 Allergan Amendment under ASC 606 and concluded that Allergan continues to be a customer and that the expanded license is distinct from the 2017 Allergan Agreement. The Company determined the expanded license under the 2019 Allergan Amendment to be functional intellectual property as Allergan has the right to utilize the Company’s CCM skin care ingredient, and that ingredient is functional to Allergan at the time the Company transferred the expanded license.

The standalone selling price of the expanded license was not readily observable since the Company has not yet established a price for this expanded license and the expanded license has not been sold on a standalone basis to any customer. The Company accounted for the 2019 Allergan Amendment as a modification to the 2017 Allergan Agreement. The contract modification was accounted for as if the 2017 Allergan Agreement had been terminated and the new contract included the expanded license as well as the remaining performance obligations that arose from the 2017 Allergan Agreement related to the Supply of CCM to Allergan and Potential Future Improvements.

The total transaction price for the new contract included the $7.5 million from the 2019 Allergan Amendment as well as the amounts deferred as of the 2019 Allergan Amendment execution date for each the Supply of CCM to Allergan and Potential Future Improvements.

The standalone selling price for the Supply of CCM to Allergan was determined based on comparable sales transactions. The standalone selling price of the Potential Future Improvements was estimated at the fully burdened rate of research and development employees cost plus a commercially reasonable markup. The amount of the total transaction price allocated to the expanded license was determined using the residual approach as a result of not having a standalone selling price for the expanded license; that is, the total transaction price less the standalone selling prices of the Supply of CCM to Allergan and Potential Future Improvements.

Revenue related to the Supply of CCM to Allergan has been deferred and recognized at the point in time in which deliveries are completed while revenue related to the Potential Future Improvements has been deferred and amortized ratably over the remaining 9-year life of the patent. The Supply of CCM to Allergan under the 2019 Allergan Amendment was entirely fulfilled during the year ended December 31, 2019. The $7.5 million residual amount of the total transaction price allocated to the expanded license was recognized as license revenue upon transfer of the license to Allergan in March 2019.

2020 Allergan Amendment

In January 2020, the Company further amended the 2019 Allergan Amendment in exchange for a one-time payment of $1.0 million to the Company (the “2020 Allergan Amendment”). The 2020 Allergan Amendment further broadened Allergan’s exclusive and non-exclusive license rights to include products used for or in connection with microdermabrasion. In addition, the Company agreed to provide Allergan with an additional 200 kilograms of CCM (the “Additional Supply of CCM to Allergan”).

The Company evaluated the 2020 Allergan Amendment under ASC 606 and concluded that Allergan continues to be a customer and that the expanded license is distinct from the 2019 Allergan Amendment. The Company determined the expanded license under the 2020 Allergan Amendment to be functional intellectual property as Allergan has the right to utilize the Company’s CCM skin care ingredient, and that ingredient is functional to Allergan at the time the Company transferred the expanded license.

The standalone selling price of the expanded license was not readily observable since the Company has not yet established a price for this expanded license and the expanded license has not been sold on a standalone basis to any customer. The Company accounted for the 2020 Allergan Amendment as a modification to the 2019 Allergan Amendment (which had modified the 2017 Allergan Agreement, as noted above). The contract modification was accounted for as if the 2019 Allergan Amendment had been terminated and the new contract included the expanded license and Additional Supply of CCM to Allergan, as well as the remaining performance obligation related to Potential Future Improvements.

The total transaction price for the new contract included the $1.0 million from the 2020 Allergan Amendment, the future payment for the Additional Supply of CCM to Allergan, as well as the amounts deferred as of the 2020 Allergan Amendment execution date for Potential Future Improvements.

The standalone selling price for the Additional Supply of CCM to Allergan was determined using the observable inputs of historical comparable sales transactions, including the margin from such sales. The Company also considered its reduced expected cost of satisfying this performance obligation based on the current efficiencies within its CCM manufacturing processes. Due to significant efficiencies in the Company’s CCM manufacturing processes, the forecasted cost of CCM production has decreased, while the applied margin was determined by comparison to similar sales transactions in prior years. The standalone selling price of the Potential Future Improvements was estimated at the fully burdened rate of research and development employees cost plus a commercially reasonable markup. The amount of the total transaction price allocated to the expanded license was determined using the residual approach, as a result of not having a standalone selling price for the expanded license; that is, the total transaction price less the standalone selling prices of the Additional Supply of CCM to Allergan and Potential Future Improvements.

Under the Amended and Restated License Agreement, as amended, Allergan will indemnify the Company for third party claims arising from Allergan’s breach of the agreement, negligence or willful misconduct, or the exploitation of products by Allergan or its sublicensees. The Company will indemnify Allergan for third party claims arising from the Company’s breach of the agreement, negligence or willful misconduct, or the exploitation of products by the Company prior to the effective date. Allergan may terminate the Agreement for convenience upon one business days’ notice to the Company.

Revenue related to the Additional Supply of CCM to Allergan was deferred and was recognized at the point in time in which deliveries were completed. Revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was $0.3 million ($28 thousand of which was previously deferred). All deliveries of Additional Supply of CCM to Allergan have been completed as of March 31, 2021. Revenue related to the Potential Future Improvements has been deferred and amortized ratably over the remaining 9-year life of the patent, for which $5 thousand of previously deferred revenue was recognized in revenue during each of the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The $0.9 million residual amount of the total transaction price allocated to the expanded license was recognized as license revenue upon transfer of the license to Allergan in January 2020.

In August 2021, unrelated to the Allergan Agreements, the Company agreed to a sale of CCM under a purchase order with Allergan.  The CCM sold to Allergan was initially manufactured by the Company for research and development purposes in support of its product candidates. In September 2021, the Company recognized $0.6 million of product revenue related to the sale. The Company does not have any additional purchase orders with Allergan for fulfillment.

2022 Allergan Letter Agreement

Pursuant to the 2017 Allergan Amendment, Histogen had the right to a potential milestone payment of $5.5 million if Allergan’s net sales of products containing the Company’s CCM skin care ingredient exceeds $60.0 million in any calendar year through December 31, 2027. In lieu of the potential milestone payment of $5.5 million, the Company entered into a letter agreement on March 18, 2022 (the “Letter Agreement”) with Allegan. In consideration for the execution of the Letter Agreement, Histogen received a one-time payment equal to $3.8 million (the “Final Payment”) in March 2022. In exchange, among other things, the Company agreed that the Final Payment represents a full and final satisfaction of all money due to the Company pursuant to the License Agreement. The Company evaluated the 2022 Allergan Letter Agreement under ASC 606 and concluded that the performance obligation has been satisfied and therefore used point in time recognition. The Company recognized $3.8 million of license revenue related to the Letter Agreement during the three months ended March 31, 2022. The Letter Agreement did not have an impact on the remaining performance obligation to share with Allergan any Potential Future Improvements to CCM identified through the Company’s research and development efforts.

Remaining Performance Obligation and Deferred Revenue

The remaining performance obligation is the Company’s obligation to share with Allergan any Potential Future Improvements to CCM identified through the Company’s research and development efforts. Deferred revenue recorded for the Potential Future Improvements was $0.1 million as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Deferred revenue is classified in current portion of deferred revenue liabilities when the Company’s obligations to supply CCM or provide research for Potential Future Improvements are expected to be satisfied within twelve months of the balance sheet date.

Grant Revenue

In March 2017, the National Science Foundation (NSF), a government agency, awarded the Company a research and development grant to develop a novel wound dressing for infection control and tissue regeneration. Grant revenue recognized was $0 and $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021. As of March 31, 2021, the Company has completed all obligations under the NSF development grant and, as such, no longer generates any revenues in connection with the research and development grant.

Amerimmune Collaborative Development and Commercialization Agreement

In October 2020, the Company entered into a Collaborative Development and Commercialization Agreement (the “Amerimmune Agreement”) with Amerimmune to jointly develop emricasan for the potential treatment of COVID-19. The FDA approved an investigational new drug application (IND) to initiate a Phase 1 study of emricasan in mild COVID-19 patients to assess safety and tolerability in 2020. Under the Amerimmune Agreement, Amerimmune, at its expense and in collaboration with the Company, shall use commercially reasonable efforts to lead the development activities for emricasan. Amerimmune is responsible for conducting clinical trials and the Company agreed to provide reasonable quantities of emricasan for such purpose. Each party shall retain ownership of their legacy intellectual property and responsibility for ongoing patent application prosecution and maintenance costs. In

addition, the Company granted Amerimmune an exclusive option, subject to certain terms and conditions, to an exclusive license to develop and commercialize emricasan throughout the world during the term of the Amerimmune Agreement.  After exercise of the option, Amerimmune, alone or in conjunction with one or more strategic partners, will use its commercially reasonable efforts to develop, manufacture, and commercialize emricasan and the Company will share the profits equally with Amerimmune.  No consideration will be transferred to the Company until profits, as defined in the Amerimmune Agreement, are generated by Amerimmune from developing or commercializing products.

Pursuant to the terms of the Collaborative Agreement, each party shall retain ownership of their legacy intellectual property and responsibility for ongoing patent application prosecution and maintenance costs and will jointly own any intellectual property developed during the term of the agreement. In addition, the Company granted Amerimmune an exclusive option, subject to terms and conditions including completion of a Phase 2 clinical trial by Amerimmune during the research term, to obtain an exclusive license that, if granted by us, allows Amerimmune alone, or in conjunction with one or more strategic partners, to use its commercially reasonable efforts to develop, manufacture, and commercialize emricasan and other caspase modulators, including CTS-2090 and CTS-2096, and the Company will share the profits equally with Amerimmune. No consideration will be transferred to the Company until profits, as defined in the Amerimmune Agreement, are generated by Amerimmune from developing or commercializing products.

The Company has identified multiple promises to deliver goods and services, which include at the inception of the agreement: (i) a license to technology and patents, information, and know-how; (ii) supply of emricasan, and (iii) collaboration, including the Company’s participation in a Joint Development Committee and Joint Partnering Committee. At inception and through March 31, 2022, the Company has identified one performance obligation for all the deliverables under the Amerimmune Agreement since the delivered elements are either not capable of being distinct or are not distinct within the context of the contract. No upfront consideration was exchanged between the parties and any consideration received will be dependent on the successful execution of a qualifying strategic partnership, as defined, on the successful commercialization of emricasan, or upon a change in control of Amerimmune, as defined.  Although the Company will recognize revenue upon the occurrence of one of these events, no such events have occurred as of March 31, 2022.

On January 19, 2022, the Company provided a notice of material breach in connection with Amerimmune’s non-performance under the Collaborative Agreement and, on March 3, 2022, filed a demand for arbitration (“Arbitration Demand”). On March 11, 2022, Judicial Arbitration and Mediation Services, Inc. (“JAMS”) issued a Notice of Commencement of Arbitration letter, confirming the commencement of the arbitration as of that date. On March 8, 2022, Amerimmune provided written notice to exercise an option for additional license rights to develop additional products however, the Company has rejected Amerimmune’s election of the option and believes that Amerimmune no longer has such right to exercise the option based on, amongst other reasons, Histogen’s belief that the Agreement has been terminated as set forth in Histogen’s Arbitration Demand (refer to Note 8 for further information).

XML

Paycheck Protection Program Loan

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Long Term Debt [Abstract]

Paycheck Protection Program Loan

5. Paycheck Protection Program Loan

In April 2020, Private Histogen applied for and received loan proceeds in the amount of $0.5 million (the “PPP Loan”) under the PPP as government aid for payroll, rent, and utilities. The application for these funds required the Company to, in good faith, certify that the current economic uncertainty made the loan request necessary to support the ongoing operations of the Company. This certification further required the Company to take into account its current business activity and its ability to access other sources of liquidity sufficient to support ongoing operations in a manner that is not significantly detrimental to the business. The certification made by the Company did not contain any objective criteria and is subject to interpretation. Based in part on the Company’s assessment of other sources of liquidity, the uncertainty associated with future revenues created by the COVID-19 pandemic and related governmental responses, and the going concern uncertainty reflected in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2019, the Company believed in good faith that it met the eligibility requirements for the PPP Loan. If, despite the good-faith belief that given the Company’s circumstances all eligibility requirements for the PPP Loan were satisfied, it is later determined that the Company had violated any applicable laws or regulations or it is otherwise determined that the Company was ineligible to receive the PPP Loan, it may be required to repay the PPP Loan in its entirety and/or be subject to additional penalties and potential liabilities.

On June 5, 2020, the Paycheck Protection Program Flexibility Act was signed into law, extending the PPP Loan forgiveness period from eight weeks to twenty-four weeks after loan origination, extending the initial deferral period of principal and interest payments from six months to ten months after the loan forgiveness period, reducing the required amount of payroll expenditures from 75% to 60%, removing the prior ban on borrowers taking advantage of payroll tax deferral after loan forgiveness, and allowing for the amendment of the maturity date on existing loans from two years to five years.

On March 8, 2021 the Company applied for PPP loan forgiveness with its lender and subsequently received approval from the lender on April 2, 2021. The Company, in good faith, believes it maintained compliance with the PPP program requirements. On May 21, 2021, the Small Business Administration granted its forgiveness of 100% of the loan, or $0.5 million, which was recorded by the Company in the second quarter of 2021. The gain on forgiveness is reported as a component of other income in the condensed consolidated statement of operations.

XML

Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Equity [Abstract]

Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock

6. Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock

The redeemable convertible preferred stock instruments are contingently redeemable preferred stock. Each series contains redemption features, voting rights, dividends, and conversion terms. The convertible preferred stock is presented on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as mezzanine equity.

March 2022 Offering

In March 2022, the Company completed a private placement offering (the “March 2022 Offering”) of (i) 2,500 shares of the Company’s Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Series A Preferred Stock”), and (ii) 2,500 shares of the Company’s Series B Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Series B Preferred Stock” and together with the Series A Preferred Stock, the “Preferred Stock”), in each case, at an offering price of $952.38 per share, representing a 5% original issue discount to the stated value of $1,000 per share of Preferred Stock, for gross proceeds from the Offerings of approximately $4.76 million, before the deduction of the placement agent’s fee and other offering expenses. The shares of Series A Preferred Stock have a stated value of $1,000 per share and are convertible, at a conversion price of $1.00 per share, into 2,500,000 shares of common stock. The shares of Series B Preferred Stock have a stated value of $1,000 per share and are convertible, at a conversion price of $1.00 per share, into 2,500,000 shares of common stock. The closing occurred on March 25, 2022. The proceeds of $4.76 million are held in escrow and will only be disbursed to the Company upon conversion of the Series A and Series B Preferred Stock. Since the redeemable convertible preferred stock may be redeemed at the option of the holder, but is not mandatorily redeemable, the redeemable preferred stock has been classified as mezzanine equity and initially recognized at fair value of $4.76 million as mezzanine equity on the accompanying balance sheets.

In connection with the March 2022 Offering, the Company entered in a Registration Rights Agreement and agreed to file by July 20, 2022 a resale registration statement (the “Resale Registration Statement”) with the SEC covering all shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Preferred Stock that remains outstanding and has not previously been redeemed by the Company, and to cause the Resale Registration Statement to become effective by September 18, 2022 or, in the event of a full review of the Resale Registration Statement by the SEC, by October 18, 2022.

The March 2022 Offering generated gross proceeds of $4.76 million and the Company incurred cash-based placement agent fees and other offering expenses of approximately $0.5 million. The proceeds are held in escrow and disbursed to the Company only upon conversion of the Series A and Series B Preferred Stock.  The proceeds are included within current assets on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

In addition, the Company’s placement agent was issued compensatory warrants to purchase up to 7.0% of the aggregate number of shares of Preferred Stock sold in the offering (on an as-converted to common stock basis), resulting in common stock warrants to purchase up to 350,000 shares of common stock, with an exercise price of 125% of the offering price, or $1.25 per share, which are exercisable 6 months after issuance on or after September 25, 2022, and expire five and a half (5.5) years following the date of issuance on September 25, 2027.

The placement agent warrants, which are recorded as a component of mezzanine equity, were valued at an aggregate of $34 thousand dollars using the Black Scholes option pricing model based upon the following assumptions: expected volatility of 78.90%, risk-free interest rate of 2.40%, expected dividend yield of 0%, and an expected term of 5.5 years.

As of March 31, 2022, the Company had 350,000 shares of common stock reserved for issuance pursuant to the placement agent’s warrants issued by the Company in the March 2022 Offering at an exercise price of $1.25 per share.

Voting Rights

The shares of Preferred Stock have no voting rights, except that they only have the right to vote, with the holders of common stock, as a single class on a proposal to approve an amendment to our certificate of incorporation to effect a reverse stock split of our issued and outstanding common stock within a range, to be determined by our board of directors and set forth in such proposal. The Company plans to seek stockholder approval for the Reverse Stock Split Proposal at its annual meeting of stockholders.

Each share of Series A Preferred Stock outstanding on April 14, 2022 (“the Record Date”) has a number of votes equal to the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of such share (whether or not such shares are then convertible). Accordingly, as of the Record Date, each share of Series A Preferred Stock has 3,776 votes, which is determined by dividing $1,000, the stated value of one share of Series A Preferred Stock, by $0.2648, the NASDAQ Minimum Price as of the closing on March 25, 2022. The holders

of the Series A Preferred Stock have agreed to not transfer their shares of Series A Preferred Stock until after the Annual Meeting and to vote all shares of Series A Preferred Stock in favor of the Reverse Stock Split Proposal.

Each share of Series B Preferred Stock outstanding on the Record Date entitles the holder thereof to cast 30,000 votes on the Reverse Stock Split Proposal. The holders of the Series B Preferred Stock have agreed to not transfer their shares of Series B Preferred Stock until after the Annual Meeting and to vote all shares of Series B Preferred Stock in the same proportion as the aggregate shares of Common Stock and Series A Preferred Stock are voted on the Reverse Stock Split Proposal. As an example, if 70% of the aggregate votes cast by Common Stock and Series A Preferred Stock voting on the Reverse Stock Split Proposal are voted in favor thereof and 30% of the aggregate votes cast by Common Stock and Series A Preferred Stock voting on the Reverse Stock Split Proposal are voted against such Proposal, then 70% of the votes entitled to be cast by Series B Preferred Stock will be cast in favor of the proposal and 30% of such votes will be cast against the proposal.

Dividends

The holders of the redeemable convertible preferred stock are entitled to receive dividends on shares of Preferred Stock equal (on an as-if-converted-to-Common-Stock basis, disregarding for such purpose any conversion limitations hereunder) to and in the same form as dividends actually paid on shares of the Common Stock when, as and if such dividends are paid on shares of the Common Stock. No other dividends shall be paid on shares of Preferred Stock.

Conversion Rights

Each share of Preferred Stock is convertible, at any time and from time to time from and after the Reverse Stock Split Date at the option of the Holder thereof, into that number of shares of Common Stock determined by dividing the stated value per share of preferred stock by the conversion price. The shares of Series A Preferred Stock has a stated value of $1,000 per share and are convertible, at a conversion price of $1.00 per share, into 2,500,000 shares of common stock. The shares of Series B Preferred Stock have a stated value of $1,000 per share and are convertible, at a conversion price of $1.00 per share, into 2,500,000 shares of common stock.

Redemption Rights

Each share of Preferred Stock is redeemable after (i) the earlier of (1) the receipt of authorized stockholder approval for the reverse stock split and (2) the date that is 90 days following the Original Issue Date of March 25, 2022, and (ii) before the date that is 120 days after the Original Issue Date or July 23, 2022 (the “Redemption Period”), each stockholder shall have the right to cause the Company to redeem all or part of such stockholder’s shares of Preferred Stock at a price per share equal to 105% of the stated value of $1,000 per share.

XML

Stockholders’ Equity

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Equity [Abstract]

Stockholders’ Equity

7. Stockholders’ Equity

Common Stock

January 2021 Offering of Common Stock

In January 2021, the Company completed an S-1 offering (the “January 2021 Offering”) of an aggregate of 11,600,000 shares of common stock, pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 2,400,000 shares of its common stock, and common stock warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 14,000,000 shares of common stock. To the extent that an investor determines, at their sole discretion, that they would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitations (or as such investor may otherwise choose), in lieu of purchasing shares of Common Stock and Common Warrants, such investor could have elected to purchase Pre-Funded Warrants and Common Warrants at the Pre-Funded Purchase Price in lieu of the shares of Common Stock and Common Warrants in such a manner to result in the same aggregate purchase price being paid by such investor to the Company. The combined purchase price of one share of common stock and the accompanying common stock warrant was $1.00, and the combined purchase price of one pre-funded warrant and accompanying common stock warrant was $0.9999. The common stock warrants are exercisable for five (5) years at an exercise price of $1.00 per share. The pre-funded warrants are immediately exercisable at an exercise price of $0.0001 per share and may be exercised at any time until all of the pre-funded warrants are exercised in full. Placement agent warrants were issued to purchase up to 700,000 shares of common stock, are immediately exercisable for an exercise price of $1.25, and are exercisable for five (5) years following the date of issuance. The Company received gross proceeds of $14.0 million and incurred placement agent’s fees and other offering expenses of approximately $1.9 million.

The warrants and placement agent warrants were valued at $7.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively, using the Black-Scholes option pricing model based on the following assumptions: expected volatility 80.08%, risk-free interest rate 0.38%, expected dividend yield 0%, and an expected term of 5.0 years.

As of March 31, 2022 a total of 6,721,200 warrants issued in the January 2021 Offering to purchase shares of common stock have been exercised and the Company issued 6,721,200 shares of its common stock. The Company received gross proceeds of approximately $6.8 million.

As of March 31, 2022, the Company had 7,751,300 shares and 227,500 shares of common stock reserved for issuance pursuant to the warrants and placement agent’s warrants, respectively, issued by the Company in the January 2021 Offering, at an exercise price of $1.00 per share and $1.25 per share, respectively.

June 2021 Offering of Common Stock

In June 2021, the Company completed a registered direct offering (the “June 2021 Offering”) of an aggregate of 5,977,300 shares of common stock, together with accompanying warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 4,781,840 shares of common stock, at a public offering price of $1.10 per share. The accompanying warrants permit the investor to purchase additional shares equal to 80% of the number of shares of the Company’s common stock purchased by the investor. The warrants have an exercise price of $1.00 per share, are immediately exercisable, and expire five and a half (5.5) years following the date of issuance. In addition, the Company’s placement agent was issued compensatory warrants equal to 5.0%, or 298,865 shares, of the aggregate number of common stock sold in the offering, which are immediately exercisable for an exercise price of $1.375 and expire five (5) years following the date of issuance on June 7, 2026. The Company received gross proceeds of $6.6 million and incurred cash-based placement agent fees and other offering expenses of approximately $0.9 million.

The warrants and placement agent warrants were valued at $3.0 million and $0.2 million, respectively, using a Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: expected volatility 81.44% and 80.15%, risk-free interest rate 0.88% and 0.77%, expected dividend yield 0% and 0%, and an expected term of 5.5 years or 5.0 years, respectively.

As of March 31, 2022, no warrants associated with the June 2021 Offering have been exercised.

As of March 31, 2022, the Company had 4,781,840 shares and 298,865 shares of common stock reserved for issuance pursuant to the warrants and placement agent’s warrants, respectively, issued by the Company in the June 2021 Offering, at an exercise price of $1.00 per share and $1.375 per share, respectively.

December 2021 Offering

In December 2021, the Company completed a registered direct offering (the “December 2021 Offering”) of an aggregate of 8,235,297 shares of common stock and 8,235,297 warrants to purchase up to 8,235,297 shares of common stock, at a public offering price of $0.425 per share. The accompanying warrants permit the investor to purchase additional shares equal to the same number of shares of the Company’s common stock purchased by the investor. The warrants have an exercise price of $0.425 per share, may be exercised any time on or after 6 months and one (1) day after the issuance date, and expire five and a half (5.5) years following the date of issuance. In addition, the Company’s placement agent was issued compensatory warrants equal to 5.0%, or 411,765 shares, of the aggregate number of shares of common stock sold in the offering, which are immediately exercisable for an exercise price of $0.5313 and expire five and a half (5.5) years following the date of issuance on June 21, 2027. The Company received gross proceeds of $3.5 million and incurred cash-based placement agent fees and other offering expenses of approximately $0.5 million.

The placement agent warrants, which are recorded as a component of stockholders’ equity, were valued at an aggregate $0.1 million using the Black-Scholes option pricing model based on the following assumptions: expected volatility of 79.81%, risk-free interest rate of 1.21%, expected dividend yield of 0% and an expected term of 5.5 years.

As of March 31, 2022, no warrants associated with the December 2021 Offering have been exercised.

As of March 31, 2022, the Company had 8,235,297 shares and 411,765 shares of common stock reserved for issuance pursuant to the warrants and placement agent’s warrants, respectively, issued by the Company in the December 2021 Offering, at an exercise price of $0.425 per share and $0.5313 per share, respectively.

Common Stock Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park

In July 2020, the Company entered into a common stock purchase agreement (the “2020 Purchase Agreement”) with Lincoln Park which provides that, upon the terms and subject to the conditions and limitations in the 2020 Purchase Agreement,  Lincoln Park is committed to purchase up to an aggregate of $10.0 million of shares of the Company’s common stock at the Company’s request from time to time during a 24 month period that began in July 2020 and at prices based on the market price of the Company’s common stock at the time of each sale. Upon execution of the 2020 Purchase Agreement, the Company sold 328,516 shares of common stock at $3.04399 per share to Lincoln Park for gross proceeds of $1.0 million. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company sold an additional 300,000 shares of common stock to Lincoln Park for gross proceeds of approximately $0.5 million. In addition, in consideration for entering into the 2020 Purchase Agreement and concurrently with the execution of the 2020 Purchase Agreement, the Company issued 66,964 shares of its common stock to Lincoln Park.  During the three months ended March 31, 2022 the Company did not sell any shares of common stock to Lincoln Park and approximately $8.5 million, or 1.6 million shares of common stock, remains available for sale under the 2020 Purchase Agreement, subject to limitations on the amount of securities the Company may sell under its effective registration statement on Form S-3 within any 12-month period.    

Common Stock Warrants

In 2016, Private Histogen issued warrants to purchase common stock as consideration for settlement of prior liability claims. The warrants for the purchase of up to 3,583 common shares at an exercise price of $23.08 per share expired on July 31, 2021.

In addition, at March 31, 2022, warrants to purchase 1,346 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $74.30 per share remain outstanding that were issued by Conatus in connection with obtaining financing in 2016. These warrants expire on July 3, 2023.

See warrant discussion above in connection with the January 2021 Offering, the June 2021 Offering, and the December 2021 Offering.

Stock-Based Compensation

Equity Incentive Plans

On December 18, 2017, Private Histogen established the Histogen Inc. 2017 Stock Plan (the “2017 Plan”). Under the 2017 Plan, Private Histogen was authorized to issue a maximum aggregate of 837,208 shares of common stock with adjustments for unissued or forfeited shares under the predecessor plan (the Histogen Inc. 2007 Stock Plan). In April 2019, Private Histogen amended the 2017 Plan, which increased the number of common stock available for grants by 326,711 shares. The 2017 Plan permitted the issuance of incentive stock options (“ISOs”), non-statutory stock options (“NSOs”), and Stock Purchase Rights. NSOs could be granted to employees, directors, or consultants, while ISOs could be granted only to employees. Options granted vest over a maximum period of four years and expire ten years from the date of grant. In connection with the closing of the Merger, no further awards will be made under the 2017 Plan.

In May 2020, in connection with the closing of the Merger, the Company’s stockholders approved the Company’s 2020 Incentive Award Plan (the “2020 Plan”). The maximum number of shares of the Company’s common stock available for issuance under the 2020 Plan equals the sum of (a) 850,000 shares; (b) any shares of common stock of the Company which are subject to awards under the Conatus 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Conatus 2013 Plan”) as of the effective date of the 2020 Plan which become available for issuance under the 2020 Plan after such date in accordance with its terms; and (c) an annual increase on the first day of each calendar year beginning with the January 1 of the calendar year following the effectiveness of the 2020 Plan and ending with the last January 1 during the initial ten-year term of the 2020 Plan, equal to the lesser of (i) five percent of the number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding (on an as-converted basis) on the final day of the immediately preceding calendar year, and (ii) such lesser number of shares of the Company’s common stock as determined by the Company’s board of directors.

Additionally, in connection with the closing of the Merger, no further awards will be made under the Conatus 2013 Plan. As of March 31, 2022, 97,930 fully vested options remain outstanding under the Conatus 2013 Plan with a weighted average exercise price of $42.90 per share.

The following summarizes the activity related to the Company’s stock options under the 2017 Plan and the 2020 Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2022:

	Options Outstanding			Weighted- average Exercise Price		Weighted- average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Outstanding at December 31, 2021		2,228,291		$	1.88		6.78	$	—
Granted		1,056,636			0.25
Cancelled / Forfeited		(405,565	)		3.96
Outstanding at March 31, 2022		2,879,362		$	0.99		7.54	$	8
Vested and exercisable at March 31, 2022		1,033,119		$	1.57		3.90	$	—

Prior Chief Executive Officer Stock Options

On January 24, 2019, the Company issued 485,178 stock options to its then newly appointed Chief Executive Officer. In accordance with the original award agreement, 40% of the options would vest immediately upon an initial public offering or 45 days following a change in control, as defined in the award agreement, while the remaining 60% are subject to vesting, of which 25% vest on the first anniversary of the grant date and then ratably over the remaining 36 months.

On January 28, 2020, the award agreement was amended, which became effective upon the close of the Merger in May 2020, whereby the 40% of stock options (“Liquidity Option Shares”) subject to vesting upon an initial public offering or 45 days following a change in control will now vest immediately upon meeting certain performance and market condition-based criteria. The vesting of the Liquidity Option Shares is divided into four separate tranches, each vesting 25% of the Liquidity Option Shares, upon: (1) the closing of the proposed merger with Conatus; (2) the date that the market capitalization of the Company exceeds $200.0 million; (3) the date that the market capitalization of the Company exceeds $275.0 million, and; (4) the date that the market capitalization of the Company exceeds $300.0 million. Each vesting tranche represents a unique derived service period and therefore stock-based compensation expense for each vesting tranche is recognized on a straight-line basis over its respective derived service period. Additionally, in the event that the Chief Executive Officer’s employment with the Company is terminated without cause or he resigns for good reason, an additional portion of the stock options award will vest equal to the number of such options which would have vested in the 12 months following the date of such termination.

On May 26, 2020, in connection with the closing of the Merger, 48,517 options of the Liquidity Option Shares became fully vested as the performance condition was achieved.

In November 2021, the Company’s then President and Chief Executive Officer voluntarily resigned. No further stock-based compensation expense related to the market-based options will be recognized. As of March 31, 2022, the vested option awards expired unexercised.

Board of Directors and Employee Stock Options

In March 2021, in conjunction with a former Board Member’s voluntary resignation, the Company modified share-based payment awards by accelerating the vesting of all awards that were unvested at the time of his voluntary resignation and by extending the exercise period through December 31, 2021. As a result of the modification, the Company recorded an immaterial amount of additional stock-based compensation expense during the year ended December 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2021, the awards expired unexercised.

In June 2021, in conjunction with a former employees’ voluntary resignation, the Company modified share-based payment awards by accelerating the vesting of all awards that were unvested at the time of the voluntary resignation and by extending the exercise period through August 29, 2023.

Valuation of Stock Option Awards

The following weighted-average assumptions were used to calculate the fair value of awards granted to employees, non-employees, and directors:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022			2021
Expected volatility		79.0	%	77.8%  - 80.3%
Risk-free interest rate		1.9	%	0.72% - 1.17%
Expected option life (in years)		6.08		6.00 - 6.08
Expected dividend yield		—	%		—	%

Restricted Stock Units

On November 8, 2021, the Company granted 468,449 restricted stock units to the Company’s Interim Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, and Senior Vice President of Technical Operations. The fair value of the RSUs was $0.73 per share, which was the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The RSUs vest in full upon the earlier of (1) 12 months following the grant date and (2) a change of control of the Company, as defined in the Company’s 2020 Plan, and subject to continued service to the Company. In addition, the RSUs awarded to the Company’s Interim Chief Executive Officer are further accelerated in full upon the hiring of a permanent Chief Executive Officer.

The compensation cost that has been included in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations for all stock-based compensation arrangements is detailed as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022		2021
General and administrative	$	135	$	177
Research and development		30		32
Total	$	165	$	209

As of March 31, 2022, total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested options and RSUs was approximately $1.0 million which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.5 years.

Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance

Common stock reserved for future issuance is as follows:

	As of March 31,
	2022		2021
Common stock warrants		24,076,140		10,009,456
Common stock options issued and outstanding		2,977,292		2,672,963
Common stock available for issuance under stock plans		1,962,825		289,179
Redeemable convertible preferred stock		5,000,000		—
		34,016,257		12,971,598

XML

Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

8. Commitments and Contingencies

Leases

In January 2020, Private Histogen entered into a long-term operating lease with San Diego Sycamore, LLC (“Sycamore”) for its headquarters which includes office and laboratory space. The lease commenced on March 1, 2020 and expires on August 31, 2031, with no options to renew or extend. The lease was accounted for as a modification of Private Histogen’s existing lease with Sycamore as the lease agreement did not grant Private Histogen an additional right-of-use asset.

The terms of the lease agreement include six months of rent abatement at lease commencement and a tenant improvement allowance of up to $2.2 million. The tenant improvements are required to be permanently affixed to the leased office and laboratory space and do not constitute leasehold improvements of the Company. During the construction period of the tenant improvements, the lease agreement requires the Company to relocate its operations to a similar Sycamore property whereby monthly rent is substantially

reduced for the duration of the construction period. The lease is subject to additional variable charges for common area maintenance, insurance, taxes, and other operating costs. At lease commencement, the Company recognized a right-of-use asset and operating lease liability totaling approximately $4.5 million. The Company used a discount rate based on its estimated incremental borrowing rate to determine the right-of-use asset and operating lease liability amounts to be recognized. The Company determined its incremental borrowing rate based on the term and lease payments of the new operating lease and what it would normally pay to borrow, on a collateralized basis, over a similar term for an amount equal to the lease payments. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The terms of the lease required the Company to provide the landlord a security deposit of $0.3 million as collateral for a letter of credit issued to be held throughout the lease term. This security deposit is shown as restricted cash on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

In June 2021, the Company entered into the First Amendment to Lease (the “Amendment”). Pursuant to the Amendment, among other things, the Company and Sycamore agreed (i) to substitute the temporary premises, (ii) to delay the start of construction and the timing of the Company’s relocation to the replacement temporary premises, (iii) to increase the tenant improvement allowance from $2.2 million to $2.3 million, (iv) to increase the letter of credit amount from $0.3 million to $0.4 million upon commencement of the tenant improvements, and (v) to review potential subsequent reductions to the security deposit and related letter of credit requirement at certain time intervals along the lease term provided that the Company is not in default. As a result of the modification, the lease liability was remeasured using the incremental borrowing rate at the modification date and a corresponding reduction of $0.3 million was recorded to both the lease liability and right-of-use-asset.

In connection with the closing of the Merger, the Company assumed Conatus’ noncancelable operating lease agreement, as amended, for certain office space with a lease term that expired on September 30, 2020. Upon close of the Merger, the Company recognized a right-of-use asset and operating lease liability in the amount of $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, related to the Conatus lease. Prior to the Merger, Conatus entered into a sub-lease agreement with a third party to lease the whole office space for the remainder of the lease term.

The Company leases certain office equipment that is classified as a finance lease. As of March 31, 2022, the weighted-average remaining term of the Company’s operating and finance lease was approximately 9.5 years and 2 years, respectively.

The Company recognizes right-of-use assets and lease liabilities at the lease commencement date based on the present value of future minimum lease payments over the lease term. The discount rate used to determine the present value of the lease payments is the rate implicit in the lease unless that rate cannot be readily determined, in which case, the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate in determining the present value of the future minimum lease payments. As of March 31, 2022, the weighted-average discount rate for the Company’s operating and finance lease was 12.2% and 10.0%, respectively.

The Company does not record leases with an initial term of 12 months or less on the consolidated balance sheets. Expense for these short-term leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company has elected the practical expedient to combine lease and non-lease components into a single component for all classes of underlying assets.

At March 31, 2022, future minimum payments of lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands):

	Operating Lease			Finance Lease
2022 (Remaining 9 months)	$	570		$	8
2023		780			10
2024		803			4
2025		827			—
2026		853			—
Thereafter		4,330			—
Total minimum lease payments		8,163			22
Less: imputed interest		(3,400	)		(2	)
Total future minimum lease payments		4,763			20
Less: current obligations under leases		(200	)		(9	)
Noncurrent lease obligations	$	4,563		$	11

PUR Settlement

In April 2019, Private Histogen entered into a Settlement, Release and Termination Agreement (“PUR Settlement”) with PUR Biologics, LLC and its members which terminated the License, Supply and Operating Agreements between Private Histogen and PUR, eliminated Private Histogen’s membership interest in PUR and returned all in-process research and development assets to Private Histogen (the “Development Assets”). The agreement also provided indemnifications and complete releases by and among the parties. The acquisition of the Development Assets was accounted for as an asset acquisition in accordance with ASC 805-50-50, Acquisition of Assets Rather than a Business.

As consideration for the reacquisition of the Development Assets, Private Histogen compensated PUR with both equity and cash components, including 167,323 shares of Series D convertible preferred stock with a fair value of $1.75 million and a potential cash payout of up to $6.25 million (the “Cap Amount”). Private Histogen paid PUR $0.5 million in upfront cash, forgave approximately $22 thousand of accounts receivable owed by PUR to Private Histogen, and settled an outstanding payable of PUR of approximately $23 thousand owed to a third party. The Company is also obligated to make milestone and royalty payments, including (a) a $0.4 million payment upon the unconditional acceptance and approval of a New Drug Application or Pre-Market Approval Application by the FDA related to the Development Assets, (b) a $0.4 million commercialization milestone upon reaching gross sales (by the Company or licensee) of the $0.5 million of products incorporating the Development Assets, and (c) a five percent (5%) royalty on net revenues collected by Histogen from commercial sales (by the Company or licensee) of products incorporating the Development Assets. The aforementioned cash payments, along with any future milestone and royalty payments, are all applied against the Cap Amount. In accordance with authoritative guidance, amounts for the milestone and royalty payments will be recognized when it is probable that the related contingent liability has been incurred and the amount owed is reasonably estimated. No amounts for the milestone and royalty payments have been recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and year ended December 31, 2021.

Litigation and Legal Matters

The Company is subject to claims and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. Such matters are inherently uncertain, and there can be no guarantee that the outcome of any such matter will be decided favorably to the Company or that the resolution of any such matter will not have a material adverse effect upon the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company accrues a liability for such matters when it is probable that future expenditures will be made, and such expenditures can be reasonably estimated. As of March 31, 2022, no accruals have been made and no liability recognized related to commitments and contingencies.

Employee Litigation

On or about February 17, 2022, two former employees, each of whom separately resigned and terminated their employment with Histogen, filed a complaint in the Superior Court of California, County of San Diego against the Company, the Company’s Board of Directors, the Company’s former Chief Executive Officer, as well as three individuals that are currently employed by the Company. Although the complaint lists the “Histogen Board of Directors, a business entity form unknown” as a defendant, the complaint does not specifically list the names of the board members. The plaintiffs allege whistleblower status, retaliation, discrimination, unfair business practices, wrongful termination, violation of civil rights, and other California state law claims. The Company has tendered the complaint to its liability insurer and engaged outside litigation counsel, as approved by its carrier, to defend Histogen, the Board of Directors and the individuals in this matter. The Company objects to the naming of each of the defendants in this matter and denies each of the plaintiffs’ claims. The plaintiffs agreed to pre-arbitration mediation, which was conducted on May 4, 2022, as was required by the arbitration agreement executed by each of the plaintiffs. Considering that the parties did not resolve the matter through this mediation, the Company expects to petition the San Diego Superior Court for an order that the matter be submitted to arbitration consistent with each of the plaintiff’s arbitration agreements. The Company believes that our defense costs, settlement monies, damages or any other awards would be covered by our liability insurance; provided, however, insurance may not cover all claims or could exceed our insurance coverage. The Company believes that there are substantial defenses to this lawsuit, and we intend to vigorously defend against each of these claims. While this litigation matter is in the early stages, the Company believes the action is without merit. Nonetheless, the ultimate outcome is unknown at this time.

Amerimmune Collaborative Development and Commercialization Agreement

On March 3, 2022, the Company filed a demand for arbitration (“Arbitration Demand”) with JAMS in the county of San Diego, against Amerimmune LLC (“Amerimmune”) seeking a declaratory judgment that Amerimmune has materially breached the Collaborative Agreement entered into by and between the Company and Amerimmune on October 26, 2020, and that Histogen is therefore entitled to terminate the Collaborative Agreement in accordance with its terms. The Company further brought the Arbitration

Demand for breach of contract, seeking an award of specific performance requiring Amerimmune to comply with the terms of the Agreement, which provide that, in the event of termination for material breach, all rights and licenses granted to Amerimmune by the Company shall terminate, and Amerimmune shall cease any and all development, manufacture and commercialization activities under the Agreement, and any and all rights granted by the Company to Amerimmune revert to Histogen. In the event that specific performance is not awarded, the Company is pursuing in the alternative a cause of action for breach of contract, seeking an award of damages for such breach in an amount to be determined at hearing. And finally, the Company is pursuing a claim for misappropriation of trade secrets, seeking an award of damages in an amount to be determined at hearing.

On March 8, 2022, Amerimmune provided written notice to exercise an option for additional license rights to develop additional products, provided, however, the Company has rejected Amerimmune’s election of the option and believes that Amerimmune no longer has such right to exercise the option based on, amongst other reasons, Histogen’s belief that the Agreement has been terminated as set forth in Histogen’s Arbitration Demand. On March 11, 2022, JAMS issued a Notice of Commencement of Arbitration letter, confirming the commencement of the arbitration as of that date. During the Arbitration, the Company expects Amerimmune and the Company to continue to support planning of a Phase 2 trial of emricasan for the treatment of COVID-19. In the event that the Company is successful on its claims as set forth in the Company’s Arbitration Demand and the Agreement is terminated, the Company intends to develop emricasan for COVID-19 and other infectious and inflammatory diseases independently at its discretion.

There can be no assurances that the Arbitration will result in the Company’s favor. If the Collaborative Agreement is not terminated and the rights granted by the Company to Amerimmune do not revert back to the Company, it is expected that the Company will continue to jointly develop emricasan pursuant to the terms of the Collaborative Agreement. The ultimate outcome of this Arbitration is unknown at this time.

XML

Related Parties

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Related Parties

9. Related Parties

Lordship

Lordship, with its predecessor entities along with its principal owner, Jonathan Jackson, have invested and been affiliated with Private Histogen since 2010. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, Lordship controlled approximately 4.7% of the Company’s outstanding voting shares and currently holds two Board of Director seats.

In November 2012, Private Histogen entered into a Strategic Relationship Success Fee Agreement with Lordship (the “Success Fee Agreement”). The Success Fee Agreement causes certain payments to be made from the Company to Lordship equal to 1% of certain product revenues and 10% of certain license and royalty revenues. The Success Fee Agreement also stipulates that, if the Company engages in a merger or sale of all or substantially all (defined as 90% or more) of its assets or equity to a third party, then the Company has the option to terminate the agreement by paying Lordship the fair market value of future payments with the minimum payment being at least equal to the most recent annual payments Lordship has received. The Success Fee Agreement was amended in August 2016, but continues to carry the same rights to certain payments. Histogen recognized an expense to Lordship for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 totaling $0.4 million and $3 thousand, respectively, all of which is included in general and administrative expenses on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there was a balance of $11 thousand and $12 thousand, respectively, paid to Lordship included in other assets on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet in connection with the deferral of revenue from the Allergan License Agreements.

XML

Description of Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Description of Business

Description of Business

Histogen Inc. (the “Company,” “Histogen,” “we,” or the “combined company”), formerly known as Conatus Pharmaceuticals Inc. (“Conatus”), was incorporated in the state of Delaware on July 13, 2005. The Company is a clinical-stage therapeutics company focused on developing potential first-in-class restorative therapeutics that ignite the body’s natural process to repair and maintain healthy biological function.

Merger between Private Histogen and Conatus Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Name Change

Merger between Private Histogen and Conatus Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Name Change

On January 28, 2020, the Company, then operating as Conatus, entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization, as amended (the “Merger Agreement”), with privately-held Histogen, Inc. (“Private Histogen”) and Chinook Merger Sub, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (“Merger Sub”). Under the Merger Agreement, Merger Sub merged with and into Private Histogen, with Private Histogen surviving as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Merger”). On May 26, 2020, the Merger was completed.  Conatus changed its name to Histogen Inc., and Private Histogen, which remains as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, changed its name to Histogen Therapeutics Inc. On May 27, 2020, the combined company’s common stock began trading on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the ticker symbol “HSTO”.

Liquidity and Going Concern

Liquidity and Going Concern

The Company has incurred operating losses and negative cash flows from operations and had an accumulated deficit of $78.3 million as of March 31, 2022. The Company expects operating losses and negative cash flows from operations to continue for the foreseeable future. As of March 31, 2022, the Company had $17.8 million in cash and cash equivalents.

The Company has not yet established ongoing sources of revenues sufficient to cover its operating costs and will need to continue to raise additional capital to support its future operating activities, including progression of its development programs, preparation for commercialization, and other operating costs. Management’s plans with regard to these matters include entering into a combination of additional debt or equity financing arrangements, strategic partnerships, collaboration and licensing arrangements, or other similar arrangements. In addition, the Company may fund its losses from operations through the common stock purchase agreement the Company entered into with Lincoln Park in July 2020, for the purchase of up to $10.0 million of the Company’s common stock over the 24 month period of the purchase agreement, $8.5 million of which remains available for sale as of the date these condensed consolidated financial statements were available to be issued (refer to Note 7 for further information), subject to limitations on the amount of securities the Company may sell under its effective registration statement on Form S-3 within any 12-month period. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to obtain additional financing on terms acceptable to the Company, on a timely basis or at all. Based on the Company’s current operating plan, management believes that existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to fund the Company’s obligations for at least 12 months after these condensed consolidated financial statements are issued.

The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business.

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its controlled subsidiaries, including Histogen Therapeutics, Inc., and have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.

The Company acquired Centro De Investigacion de Medicina Regenerativa, S.A. de C.V. (“CIMRESA”), a company in Mexico, during 2018 to facilitate a potential clinical development program for HST-001, or hair stimulating complex (“HSC”). This is a wholly-owned subsidiary intended to pursue registration with the COFEPRIS (Mexico equivalent to Food and Drug Administration). CIMRESA had no operational or financial activity for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021.

The Company holds a majority interest in Adaptive Biologix, Inc. (“AB”, formerly Histogen Oncology, LLC). AB was formed to develop and market applications for the treatment of cancer. The Company consolidates AB into its condensed consolidated financial statements.

Unaudited Interim Financial Information

Unaudited Interim Financial Information

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and GAAP. Accordingly, these condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of Management, these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments necessary, all of which are of a normal and recurring nature, to present fairly the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year or future periods. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2021 included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K that the Company filed with the SEC on March 10, 2022.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and contingencies at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. Management believes that these estimates and assumptions are reasonable, however, actual results may differ and could have a material effect on future results of operations and financial position. Though the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’s business and operating results presents additional uncertainty, Company’s management continues to use the best information available to them in their significant accounting estimates.

Significant estimates and assumptions include the useful lives of property and equipment, discount rates used in recognizing contracts containing leases, unrecognized tax benefits, reserves for excess or obsolete inventory, stock-based compensation, and best estimate of standalone selling price of revenue deliverables. Actual results may materially differ from those estimates.

Variable Interest Entities

Variable Interest Entities

The Company determined that AB is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) and that the Company is its primary beneficiary. The Company holds greater than 50% of the shares and has the authority to manage the business and affairs of the VIE. AB’s other shareholder does not have a controlling interest.

A VIE is typically an entity for which the Company has less than a 100% equity interest but controls the decision making over the business and affairs of the entity, directs the decisions driving the economic performance of such entity and participates in the profit and losses of such an entity. The Company weighed both quantitative and qualitative information about the different risks and reward characteristics of each entity and the significance of that entity to the consolidating group in the aggregate.

Segment Reporting

Segment Reporting

Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker, the Interim Chief Executive Officer, in making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. The Company views its operations and manages its business as one operating segment.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity date of ninety days or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents include cash in readily available checking, money market accounts and brokerage accounts.

The Company’s current restricted cash consists of cash held as collateral for a letter of credit issued as a security deposit for the lease of the Company’s headquarters and is required to be held throughout the lease term.

Risks and Uncertainties

Risks and Uncertainties

Credit Risk

At certain times throughout the year, the Company may maintain deposits in federally insured financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to significant risk on its cash balances due to the financial position of the depository institutions in which those deposits are held.

Customer Risk

During the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, one customer accounted for 100% and 72% of total revenues.

COVID-19

The cumulative effect of the COVID-19 outbreak and associated disruptions have had, and may continue to have, an adverse impact on the Company’s business and its results of operations. The full impact of the COVID-19 outbreak continues to evolve as of the date these condensed consolidated financial statements were available to be issued and will depend on future developments that are highly uncertain and unpredictable, including efficacy and adoption of vaccines, future resurgences of the virus and its variants, and the speed at which government restrictions are lifted. As such, it is uncertain as to the full magnitude that the pandemic will have on the Company’s financial condition, liquidity, and future results of operations.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are generally due within 30 days and are recorded at net realizable value, which is determined using historical experience. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for potential credit losses. The allowance is based on an analysis of historical bad debt, current receivables aging, and expected future write-offs of uncollectible accounts, as well as an assessment of specific identifiable accounts considered at risk or uncollectible. Additions to the allowance for doubtful accounts include provisions for bad debt and deductions from the allowance for doubtful accounts include customer write-offs. Provision for doubtful accounts was not material for all periods presented.

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are reported net of accumulated depreciation and amortization and are comprised of office furniture and equipment, lab and manufacturing equipment, and leasehold improvements. Ordinary maintenance and repairs are charged to expense, while expenditures that extend the physical or economic life of the assets are capitalized. Furniture and all equipment are depreciated over their estimated useful lives, or five years, using the straight-line method. Software is amortized over its estimated useful lives, or three years, using the straight-line method. Leasehold improvements are amortized over their estimated useful lives and limited by the remaining term of the building lease, using the straight-line method.

Valuation of Long-Lived Assets

Valuation of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets to be held and used, including property and equipment, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. As of March 31, 2022, the Company has not recognized any impairment to long-lived assets.

Forward Purchase Contract

Forward Purchase Contract

In 2011, Private Histogen contracted for research services from EPS Global Research Pte. Ltd. (“EPS”) to conduct clinical trials and compile data from a study that took place in 2011 and 2013. The unpaid amount due for the services was approximately $0.3 million.

In 2017, Private Histogen and EPS entered into a Debt Settlement and Conversion Agreement (“Settlement Agreement”) whereby Private Histogen paid $50 thousand and issued EPS 14,342 shares of Series D convertible preferred stock. The Company was required to repurchase the shares at the greater of the remaining balance due of approximately $0.3 million and the market price of the shares at the time of repurchase, but in no event later than December 31, 2021. The Company had the sole option to repurchase the shares (which were converted from Series D convertible preferred stock into shares of common stock upon the Merger) at any time on or before December 31, 2021.

On December 16, 2021, the Company repurchased from EPS 14,342 shares of common stock in exchange for a cash payment of approximately $0.3 million. The repurchased shares were recorded as treasury stock and retired as of March 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2021, no further amounts are due to EPS under the Settlement Agreement.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The Company is required to report all components of comprehensive income (loss), including net income (loss), in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements in the period in which they are recognized. Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as

the change in equity during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources, including unrealized gains and losses on investments and foreign currency translation adjustments. Net loss and comprehensive loss were the same for all periods presented.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

Product and License Revenue

The Company records revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, whereby revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be received in exchange for those goods or services. A five-step model is used to achieve the core principle: (1) identify the customer contract, (2) identify the contract’s performance obligations, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) a performance obligation is satisfied. The Company applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that the entity will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer. Shipping charges billed to customers are included in product revenue and the related shipping costs are included in cost of product revenue. The Company applies the revenue recognition standard, including the use of any practical expedients, consistently to contracts with similar characteristics and in similar circumstances (See Note 4).

Grant Awards

In March 2017, the National Science Foundation (“NSF”), a government agency, awarded the Company a research and development grant to develop a novel wound dressing for infection control and tissue regeneration. The Company has concluded this government grant is not within the scope of ASC 606, as government entities generally do not meet the definition of a “customer” as defined by ASC 606. Payments received under the grant are considered conditional, non-exchange contributions under the scope of ASC 958-605, Not-for-Profit Entities – Revenue Recognition, and are recorded as revenue in the period in which such conditions are satisfied. In reaching the determination that such payments should be recorded as revenue, management considered a number of factors, including whether the Company is a principal under the arrangement, and whether the arrangement is significant to, and part of, the Company’s ongoing operations. As of March 31, 2021, the Company had completed all obligations under the NSF development grant and, as such, no longer generates any revenues in connection with the research and development grant.

In September 2020, the Company was approved for a grant award from the U.S. Department of Defense (“DoD”) in the amount of approximately $2.0 million to partially fund the Company’s planned Phase 1/2 clinical trial of HST-003 for regeneration of cartilage in the knee. The Company applies International Accounting Standard (“IAS”) 20, Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance, by analogy as there is no existing authoritative guidance under GAAP. Under the terms of the award, the DoD will reimburse the Company for certain allowable costs. The period of performance for the grant award substantially expires in September 2025 and is subject to annual and quarterly reporting requirements. As the DoD grant is a cost-type (reimbursement) grant, the Company must incur program expenses in accordance with the Statement of Work and approved budget in order to be reimbursed by the DoD. The Company will recognize funding received from the grant award as a reduction of research and development expenses in the period in which qualifying expenses have been incurred, as the Company is reasonably assured that the expenses will be reimbursed and the funding is collectible. For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, qualifying expenses totaling $0.2 million for each reporting period have been incurred with a corresponding reduction of research and development expenses related to the award. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, $67 thousand and $0.2 million, respectively, was included in accounts receivable within the condensed consolidated balance sheets with respect to the award.

Cost of Product Revenue

Cost of Product Revenue

Cost of product revenue represents direct and indirect costs incurred to bring the product to saleable condition.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and Development Expenses

All research and development costs are charged to expense as incurred. Research and development expenses primarily include (i) payroll and related costs associated with research and development performed, (ii) costs related to clinical and preclinical testing of the Company’s technologies under development, and (iii) other research and development costs including allocations of facility costs, net of reimbursable research and development costs incurred under the DoD grant.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses represent personnel costs for employees involved in general corporate functions, including finance, accounting, legal and human resources, among others. Additional costs included within general and administrative expenses

consist of professional fees for legal (including patent costs), audit and other consulting services, travel and entertainment, recruiting, allocated facility and general information technology costs, depreciation and amortization, and other general corporate overhead expenses.

Patent Costs

Patent Costs

The Company expenses all costs as incurred in connection with patent applications (including direct application fees, and the legal and consulting expenses related to making such applications) and such costs are included in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred income taxes are recorded for temporary differences between condensed consolidated financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect the tax rates expected to be in effect for the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. No income tax expense or benefit was recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, due to the full valuation allowance on the Company’s net deferred tax assets. A valuation allowance is provided if it is more likely than not that some or all the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

The Company also follows the provisions of accounting for uncertainty in income taxes which prescribes a model for the recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return, and provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, disclosure, and transition.

The Company’s policy is to recognize interest or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. Interest and penalties related to income tax matters were not material for the periods presented.

Net Loss Per Share

Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period, without consideration for potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares and potentially dilutive securities outstanding for the period.

Potentially dilutive common shares consist of shares issuable from warrants, stock options, and redeemable convertible preferred stock. Potentially dilutive common shares issuable upon vesting of stock options and warrants are determined using the average share price for each period under the treasury stock method. In periods of net losses, the Company excludes all potentially dilutive common shares from the computation of diluted net loss per share for the periods as the effect would be anti-dilutive.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is equal to the basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders as common stock equivalent shares from stock options and warrants were anti-dilutive.

The following table sets forth outstanding potentially dilutive shares that have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders because of their anti-dilutive effect (in common stock equivalents):

	March 31, 2022		March 31, 2021
Common stock options issued and outstanding		2,977,292		2,672,963
Warrants to purchase common stock		24,076,140		10,009,456
Redeemable convertible preferred stock		5,000,000		—
Total anti-dilutive shares		32,053,432		12,682,419

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation

Service-Based Awards

The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense for service-based stock options and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) over the requisite service period on a straight-line basis. Employee and director stock-based compensation for service-based stock options is measured based on estimated fair value as of the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Company estimates the fair value of RSUs based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of issuance. The Company uses the following assumptions for estimating fair value of service-based option grants:

Fair Value of Common Stock – The fair value of common stock underlying the option grant is determined based on observable market prices of the Company’s common stock.

Expected Volatility – Volatility is a measure of the amount by which the Company’s share price has historically fluctuated or is expected to fluctuate (i.e., expected volatility) during a period. Due to the lack of an adequate history of a public market for the trading of the Company’s common stock and a lack of adequate company-specific historical and implied volatility data, volatility has been estimated and based on the historical volatility of a group of similar companies that are publicly traded. For these analyses, the Company has selected companies with comparable characteristics, including enterprise value, risk profiles, and position within the industry, and with historical share price information sufficient to meet the expected term of the stock-based awards.

Expected Term – This is the period of time during which the options are expected to remain unexercised. Options have a maximum contractual term of ten years. The Company estimates the expected term of stock options using the “simplified method”, whereby the expected term equals the average of the vesting term and the original contractual term of the underlying option.

Risk-Free Interest Rate – This is the observed yield on zero-coupon U.S. Treasury securities, as of the day each option is granted, with a term that most closely resembles the expected term of the option.

Expected Forfeiture Rate – Forfeitures are recognized as they occur.

Performance-Based Options

Stock-based compensation expense for performance-based options is recognized based on amortizing the fair market value as of the grant date over the periods during which the achievement of the performance is probable. Performance-based options require certain performance conditions to be achieved in order for these options to vest. These options vest on the date of achievement of the performance condition.

Market-Based Options

Stock-based compensation expense for market-based options is recognized on a straight-line basis over the derived service period, regardless of whether the market condition is satisfied. Market-based options subject to market-based performance targets require achievement of the performance target in order for these options to vest. The Company estimates the fair value of market-based options as of the grant date and expected term using a Monte Carlo simulation that incorporates option-pricing inputs covering the period from the grant date through the end of the derived service period.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

None

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40) (“ASU 2020-06”). This new guidance is intended to simplify the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity, including convertible instruments and contracts on an entity’s own equity. Entities may adopt ASU 2020-06 using either a partial retrospective or fully retrospective method of transition. This ASU is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2020-06 on January 1, 2022. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements or related disclosures.

In November 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-10, Government Assistance (Topic 832): Disclosure by Business Entities about Government Assistance (“ASU 2021-10”), which improves the transparency of government assistance received by certain business entities by requiring the disclosure of (1) the types of government assistance received; (2) the accounting for such assistance, and (3) the effect of the assistance on the business entity’s financial statements. ASU 2021-10 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2021-10 on January 1, 2022. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements or related disclosures

XML

Description of Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Summary of Outstanding Potentially Dilutive Shares Excluded in Calculation of Diluted Net Loss Per Share

The following table sets forth outstanding potentially dilutive shares that have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders because of their anti-dilutive effect (in common stock equivalents):

	March 31, 2022		March 31, 2021
Common stock options issued and outstanding		2,977,292		2,672,963
Warrants to purchase common stock		24,076,140		10,009,456
Redeemable convertible preferred stock		5,000,000		—
Total anti-dilutive shares		32,053,432		12,682,419

XML

Property and Equipment, Net (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Property Plant And Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2022			December 31, 2021
Lab and manufacturing equipment	$	919		$	943
Office furniture and equipment		225			42
Software		48			48
Total		1,192			1,033
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization		(665	)		(634	)
Property and equipment, net	$	527		$	399

XML

Balance Sheet Details (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Balance Sheet Related Disclosures [Abstract]

Summary of Prepaid and Other Current Assets

Prepaid and other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Insurance	$	405	$	691
Tenant improvement reimbursement receivable		1,412		1,057
Prepaid rent		78		132
Pre-clinical and clinical related expenses		256		158
Prepaid materials		152		138
Other		391		183
Total	$	2,694	$	2,359

Summary of Other Assets

Other assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Insurance	$	676	$	732
Cell bank material		61		61
Other		11		12
Total	$	748	$	805

Summary of Accrued Liabilities

Accrued liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Current portion of finance lease liabilities	$	9	$	9
Accrued compensation		351		346
Clinical study related expenses		42		103
Legal fees		255		144
Royalty payable		375		—
Other		350		189
Total	$	1,382	$	791

XML

Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Equity [Abstract]

Summary of Stock Option Activity

The following summarizes the activity related to the Company’s stock options under the 2017 Plan and the 2020 Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2022:

	Options Outstanding			Weighted- average Exercise Price		Weighted- average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Outstanding at December 31, 2021		2,228,291		$	1.88		6.78	$	—
Granted		1,056,636			0.25
Cancelled / Forfeited		(405,565	)		3.96
Outstanding at March 31, 2022		2,879,362		$	0.99		7.54	$	8
Vested and exercisable at March 31, 2022		1,033,119		$	1.57		3.90	$	—

Summary of Valuation of Stock Option Awards

The following weighted-average assumptions were used to calculate the fair value of awards granted to employees, non-employees, and directors:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022			2021
Expected volatility		79.0	%	77.8%  - 80.3%
Risk-free interest rate		1.9	%	0.72% - 1.17%
Expected option life (in years)		6.08		6.00 - 6.08
Expected dividend yield		—	%		—	%

Summary of Compensation Cost Included in Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for Stock-based Compensation Arrangements

The compensation cost that has been included in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations for all stock-based compensation arrangements is detailed as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022		2021
General and administrative	$	135	$	177
Research and development		30		32
Total	$	165	$	209

Summary of Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance

Common stock reserved for future issuance is as follows:

	As of March 31,
	2022		2021
Common stock warrants		24,076,140		10,009,456
Common stock options issued and outstanding		2,977,292		2,672,963
Common stock available for issuance under stock plans		1,962,825		289,179
Redeemable convertible preferred stock		5,000,000		—
		34,016,257		12,971,598

XML

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Future Minimum Payments of Lease Liabilities

At March 31, 2022, future minimum payments of lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands):

	Operating Lease			Finance Lease
2022 (Remaining 9 months)	$	570		$	8
2023		780			10
2024		803			4
2025		827			—
2026		853			—
Thereafter		4,330			—
Total minimum lease payments		8,163			22
Less: imputed interest		(3,400	)		(2	)
Total future minimum lease payments		4,763			20
Less: current obligations under leases		(200	)		(9	)
Noncurrent lease obligations	$	4,563		$	11

XML

Description of Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Detail)			1 Months Ended		3 Months Ended
	Dec. 16, 2021 USD ($) shares	Jan. 26, 2017 USD ($) shares	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Jul. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($) Segment	Mar. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Description Of Business Basis Of Presentation And Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Date of incorporation					Jul. 13, 2005
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code					DE
Accumulated deficit					$ (78,325,000)		$ (77,652,000)
Cash and cash equivalents					$ 17,848,000	$ 21,743,000	18,685,000
Percentage ownership not considered variable interest entity					100.00%
Number of operating segment | Segment					1
Impairment to long-lived assets					$ 0
EPS unpaid services					300,000
Income tax expense benefit					0	0
U.S. Department of Defense (“DoD”) [Member]
Description Of Business Basis Of Presentation And Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Grant funding obtained			$ 2,000,000.0
Grant award expiration period			2025-09
Qualifying expenses incurred					200,000	$ 200,000
Accounts receivable from customer					$ 67,000		200,000
Maximum [Member] | Stock Options [Member]
Description Of Business Basis Of Presentation And Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Expected contractual term					10 years
Maximum [Member] | Furniture and All Equipment [Member]
Description Of Business Basis Of Presentation And Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives of the assets					5 years
Maximum [Member] | Software [Member]
Description Of Business Basis Of Presentation And Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives of the assets					3 years
Revenue Benchmark | Customer Concentration Risk | One Customer [Member]
Description Of Business Basis Of Presentation And Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Percentage of revenues					100.00%	72.00%
Settlement Agreement [Member]
Description Of Business Basis Of Presentation And Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Variable interest entity, ownership percentage					50.00%
Cash paid		$ 50,000
Share repurchases, description					The Company was required to repurchase the shares at the greater of the remaining balance due of approximately $0.3 million and the market price of the shares at the time of repurchase, but in no event later than December 31, 2021. The Company had the sole option to repurchase the shares (which were converted from Series D convertible preferred stock into shares of common stock upon the Merger) at any time on or before December 31, 2021.
Share repurchases, value	$ 300,000						300,000
Repurchase of common stock in cash | shares	14,342
Share repurchase amount due under settlement agreement							$ 0
Settlement Agreement [Member] | Series D Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Description Of Business Basis Of Presentation And Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Shares issued | shares		14,342
Common Stock Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park [Member]
Description Of Business Basis Of Presentation And Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Common stock shares maximum committed purchase amount				$ 10,000,000.0
Remaining available for sale common stock shares maximum committed purchase amount				$ 8,500,000	$ 8,500,000
Long-term purchase commitment, period				24 months

XML

Description of Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Summary of Outstanding Potentially Dilutive Shares Excluded in Calculation of Diluted Net Loss Per Share (Detail) - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Outstanding potentially dilutive securities	32,053,432	12,682,419
Common stock options issued and outstanding [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Outstanding potentially dilutive securities	2,977,292	2,672,963
Warrants to purchase common stock [Member] | Common Stock [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Outstanding potentially dilutive securities	24,076,140	10,009,456
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Outstanding potentially dilutive securities	5,000,000

XML

Property and Equipment, Net - Schedule of Property and Equipment, Net (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 1,192	$ 1,033
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	(665)	(634)
Property and equipment, net	527	399
Lab and Manufacturing Equipment [Member]
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	919	943
Office Furniture and Equipment [Member]
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	225	42
Software [Member]
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 48	$ 48

XML

Property and Equipment, Net - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021
Property Plant And Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation and amortization	$ 31	$ 23

XML

Balance Sheet Details - Summary of Prepaid and Other Current Assets (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Balance Sheet Related Disclosures [Abstract]
Insurance	$ 405	$ 691
Tenant improvement reimbursement receivable	1,412	1,057
Prepaid rent	78	132
Pre-clinical and clinical related expenses	256	158
Prepaid materials	152	138
Other	391	183
Total	$ 2,694	$ 2,359

XML

Balance Sheet Details - Summary of Other Assets (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Balance Sheet Related Disclosures [Abstract]
Insurance	$ 676	$ 732
Cell bank material	61	61
Other	11	12
Total	$ 748	$ 805

XML

Balance Sheet Details - Summary of Accrued Liabilities (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Balance Sheet Related Disclosures [Abstract]
Current portion of finance lease liabilities	$ 9	$ 9
Accrued compensation	351	346
Clinical study related expenses	42	103
Legal fees	255	144
Royalty payable	375
Other	350	189
Total	$ 1,382	$ 791

XML

Revenues - Additional Information (Detail)	1 Months Ended					3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Jan. 31, 2020 USD ($) kg	Mar. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue						$ 3,755,000	$ 431,000
2017 Allergan Agreement [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Cash payment received					$ 11,000,000.0
Potential additional payments					5,500,000
2019 Allergan Amendment Agreement [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
One-time payment				$ 7,500,000
Remaining life of the patent				9 years
2020 Allergan Amendment Agreement [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Remaining life of the patent			9 years
Revenue		$ 600,000					300,000
Up front payment received			$ 1,000,000.0
Additional quantity of product to be supplied | kg			200
Deferred revenue							28,000
Revenue recognized						5,000	5,000
2022 Allergan Letter Agreement [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Potential milestone payment					5,500,000
Potential milestone payment recognized	$ 3,800,000
CCM Skin Care [Member] | Potential Future Improvements [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Deferred revenue	$ 100,000					100,000		$ 100,000
Product [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue							306,000
Product [Member] | 2017 Allergan Agreement [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Sales target for additional potential payment payout					60,000,000.0
Product [Member] | 2022 Allergan Letter Agreement [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Sales target for potential milestone payment					$ 60,000,000.0
License [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue						3,755,000	12,000
License [Member] | 2019 Allergan Amendment Agreement [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue				$ 7,500,000
License [Member] | 2020 Allergan Amendment Agreement [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue			$ 900,000
License [Member] | 2022 Allergan Letter Agreement [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue						3,800,000
Grant [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue						$ 0	$ 113,000

XML

Paycheck Protection Program Loan - Additional Information (Detail) - Paycheck Protection Program [Member] - USD ($) $ in Millions				1 Months Ended
	May 21, 2021	Jun. 05, 2020	Jun. 04, 2020	Apr. 30, 2020
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Loan proceeds received				$ 0.5
Loan forgiveness period		168 days	56 days
Deferral period of principal and interest payments extended term		10 months	6 months
Required amount of payroll expenditures, percentage		60.00%	75.00%
Existing loans maturity period		5 years	2 years
Loan forgiveness percentage	100.00%
Other Income [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Loan forgiveness amount	$ 0.5

XML

Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock - Additional Information (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	Apr. 14, 2022 Vote $ / shares	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Mar. 31, 2021 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2016 $ / shares
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Line Items]
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs | $				$ 11,955
Redeemable convertible preferred stock financing proceeds held in escrow | $		$ 4,762	$ 4,762
Expected volatility			79.00%
Risk-free interest rate			1.90%
Expected term			6 years 29 days
Common stock reserved for issuance | shares		34,016,257	34,016,257	12,971,598
March 2022 Offering [Member]
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Line Items]
Offering price per share		$ 1.25	$ 1.25
Warrant purchase percentage		7.00%
Warrants to purchase common stock | shares		350,000	350,000
Exercise price percentage		125.00%
Warrants exercisable expiration period		5 years 6 months
Warrant issuance date		Sep. 25, 2022
Exercise price of warrant per share		$ 1.25	$ 1.25
March 2022 Offering [Member] | Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model [Member]
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Line Items]
Aggregate value of warrants | $		$ 34	$ 34
March 2022 Offering [Member] | Placement Agent Warrants [Member]
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Line Items]
Common stock reserved for issuance | shares		350,000	350,000
March 2022 Offering [Member] | Placement Agent Warrants [Member] | Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model [Member]
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Line Items]
Expected volatility		78.90%
Risk-free interest rate		2.40%
Expected dividend yield		0.00%
Expected term		5 years 6 months
Preferred Stock [Member]
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock par value		$ 1,000	$ 1,000
Preferred stock, stated value per share		1,000	$ 1,000
Preferred Stock, Redemption Terms			(i) the earlier of (1) the receipt of authorized stockholder approval for the reverse stock split and (2) the date that is 90 days following the Original Issue Date of March 25, 2022, and (ii) before the date that is 120 days after the Original Issue Date or July 23, 2022 (the “Redemption Period”)
Preferred stock redemption percentage of stated value per share			105.00%
Preferred Stock [Member] | March 2022 Offering [Member]
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock par value		$ 1,000	$ 1,000
Percentage of original issue discount		5.00%
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs | $		$ 4,760
Closing date		Mar. 25, 2022
Redeemable convertible preferred stock financing proceeds held in escrow | $		$ 4,760	$ 4,760
Fair value recognized | $		4,760
Placement agent's fees and other offering expenses | $		$ 500
Preferred stock, stated value per share		$ 1,000	$ 1,000
Common Stock [Member]
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Line Items]
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs, shares | shares				14,000,000
Exercise price of warrant per share		$ 74.30	74.30		$ 23.08
Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Member] | Preferred Stock [Member] | March 2022 Offering [Member]
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Line Items]
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs, shares | shares		2,500
Preferred stock par value		$ 0.0001	0.0001
Offering price per share		952.38	952.38
Preferred stock, stated value per share		0.0001	0.0001
Series A Preferred Stock [Member]
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock par value		1,000	1,000
Conversion price per share		1.00	1.00
Preferred stock, stated value per share		$ 1,000	$ 1,000
Preferred stock, voting rights description			The shares of Preferred Stock have no voting rights, except that they only have the right to vote, with the holders of common stock, as a single class on a proposal to approve an amendment to our certificate of incorporation to effect a reverse stock split of our issued and outstanding common stock within a range, to be determined by our board of directors and set forth in such proposal. The Company plans to seek stockholder approval for the Reverse Stock Split Proposal at its annual meeting of stockholders. Each share of Series A Preferred Stock outstanding on April 14, 2022 (“the Record Date”) has a number of votes equal to the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of such share (whether or not such shares are then convertible). Accordingly, as of the Record Date, each share of Series A Preferred Stock has 3,776 votes, which is determined by dividing $1,000, the stated value of one share of Series A Preferred Stock, by $0.2648, the NASDAQ Minimum Price as of the closing on March 25, 2022. The holders of the Series A Preferred Stock have agreed to not transfer their shares of Series A Preferred Stock until after the Annual Meeting and to vote all shares of Series A Preferred Stock in favor of the Reverse Stock Split Proposal.
Series A Preferred Stock [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock par value	$ 1,000
Number of votes per each share | Vote	3,776
Preferred stock, stated value per share	$ 1,000
Preferred stock, NASDAQ minimum price	$ 0.2648
Series A Preferred Stock [Member] | Preferred Stock [Member] | March 2022 Offering [Member]
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Line Items]
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs, shares | shares		2,500,000
Preferred stock par value		$ 1,000	$ 1,000
Conversion price per share		1.00	1.00
Preferred stock, stated value per share		$ 1,000	$ 1,000
Series A Preferred Stock [Member] | Common Stock [Member]
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Line Items]
Convertible preferred stock conversion in to common stock | shares			2,500,000
Series A Preferred Stock [Member] | Common Stock [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Line Items]
Percentage of aggregate votes cast on reverse stock split voted in favor thereof	70.00%
Percentage of aggregate votes cast on reverse stock split voted against	30.00%
Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Member] | Preferred Stock [Member] | March 2022 Offering [Member]
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Line Items]
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs, shares | shares		2,500
Preferred stock par value		$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Offering price per share		952.38	952.38
Preferred stock, stated value per share		0.0001	0.0001
Series B Preferred Stock [Member]
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock par value		1,000	1,000
Conversion price per share		1.00	1.00
Preferred stock, stated value per share		$ 1,000	$ 1,000
Preferred stock, voting rights description			Each share of Series B Preferred Stock outstanding on the Record Date entitles the holder thereof to cast 30,000 votes on the Reverse Stock Split Proposal. The holders of the Series B Preferred Stock have agreed to not transfer their shares of Series B Preferred Stock until after the Annual Meeting and to vote all shares of Series B Preferred Stock in the same proportion as the aggregate shares of Common Stock and Series A Preferred Stock are voted on the Reverse Stock Split Proposal.
Series B Preferred Stock [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Line Items]
Number of votes on reverse stock split | Vote	30,000
Series B Preferred Stock [Member] | Preferred Stock [Member] | March 2022 Offering [Member]
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Line Items]
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs, shares | shares		2,500,000
Preferred stock par value		$ 1,000	$ 1,000
Conversion price per share		1.00	1.00
Preferred stock, stated value per share		$ 1,000	$ 1,000
Series B Preferred Stock [Member] | Common Stock [Member]
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Line Items]
Convertible preferred stock conversion in to common stock | shares			2,500,000
Series B Preferred Stock [Member] | Common Stock [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Line Items]
Percentage of aggregate votes cast on reverse stock split voted in favor thereof	70.00%
Percentage of aggregate votes cast on reverse stock split voted against	30.00%

XML

Stockholders' Equity - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)					1 Months Ended						3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Nov. 08, 2021	May 26, 2020	Jan. 28, 2020	Jan. 24, 2019	Dec. 31, 2021	Jun. 30, 2021	Jan. 31, 2021	Jul. 31, 2020	May 31, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Sep. 30, 2021	Dec. 18, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs												$ 11,955,000
Expected volatility											79.00%
Risk-free interest rate											1.90%
Expected term											6 years 29 days
Common stock reserved for issuance											34,016,257	12,971,598
Warrants to purchase common stock											24,076,140	10,009,456
Stock-based total compensation expense											$ 165,000	$ 209,000
Unrecognized compensation expense											$ 1,000,000.0
Weighted-average vesting term											2 years 6 months
Liquidity Option Shares [Member]
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Vesting period			12 months
Number of fully vested options		48,517
Vesting percentage			25.00%
Vesting term											The vesting of the Liquidity Option Shares is divided into four separate tranches, each vesting 25% of the Liquidity Option Shares, upon: (1) the closing of the proposed merger with Conatus; (2) the date that the market capitalization of the Company exceeds $200.0 million; (3) the date that the market capitalization of the Company exceeds $275.0 million, and; (4) the date that the market capitalization of the Company exceeds $300.0 million. Each vesting tranche represents a unique derived service period and therefore stock-based compensation expense for each vesting tranche is recognized on a straight-line basis over its respective derived service period. Additionally, in the event that the Chief Executive Officer’s employment with the Company is terminated without cause or he resigns for good reason, an additional portion of the stock options award will vest equal to the number of such options which would have vested in the 12 months following the date of such termination.
Liquidity Option Shares [Member] | Share-based Payment Arrangement, Tranche One [Member]
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Vesting percentage			40.00%
Liquidity Option Shares [Member] | Share-based Payment Arrangement, Tranche Two [Member]
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Minimum market capitalization amount required for vesting			$ 200,000,000.0
Liquidity Option Shares [Member] | Share-based Payment Arrangement, Tranche Three [Member]
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Minimum market capitalization amount required for vesting			275,000,000.0
Liquidity Option Shares [Member] | Share-based Payment Arrangement, Tranche Four [Member]
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Minimum market capitalization amount required for vesting			$ 300,000,000.0
Market-Based Options [Member]
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Stock-based total compensation expense											$ 0
Restricted Stock Units [Member]
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Vesting term												The RSUs vest in full upon the earlier of (1) 12 months following the grant date and (2) a change of control of the Company, as defined in the Company’s 2020 Plan, and subject to continued service to the Company
Number of restricted stock units granted	468,449
Fair value per share	$ 0.73
Chief Executive Officer [Member] | Stock Options [Member]
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Vesting period				36 months
Stock options issued				485,178
Vesting term											In accordance with the original award agreement, 40% of the options would vest immediately upon an initial public offering or 45 days following a change in control, as defined in the award agreement, while the remaining 60% are subject to vesting, of which 25% vest on the first anniversary of the grant date and then ratably over the remaining 36 months.
Chief Executive Officer [Member] | Stock Options [Member] | Share-based Payment Arrangement, Tranche One [Member]
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Vesting percentage				40.00%
Remaining vesting percentage				25.00%
Chief Executive Officer [Member] | Stock Options [Member] | Share-based Payment Arrangement, Tranche Two [Member]
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Vesting percentage				60.00%
2017 Plan [Member]
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Number of common stock shares authorized to issue															837,208
Increase in number of common stock available for grant										326,711
Vesting period										4 years
Expiration period										10 years
Stock options issued										0
2020 Stock Plan [Member]
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Number of common stock shares authorized to issue									850,000
Expiration period									10 years
Percentage of outstanding shares of common stock									5.00%
Conatus 2013 Plan [Member]
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Stock options issued									0
Number of fully vested options											97,930
Weighted average exercise price of fully vested options											$ 42.90
Maximum [Member]
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Expected term												6 years 29 days
Maximum [Member] | Stock Options [Member]
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Expiration period											10 years
Minimum [Member]
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Expected term												6 years
Common Stock Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park [Member]
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs, shares								66,964
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs								$ 1,000,000.0					$ 500,000
Common stock reserved for issuance														1,600,000
Aggregate dollar value of share purchase commitment								$ 10,000,000.0
Long-term purchase commitment, period								24 months
Number of common stock shares sold								328,516					300,000
Sale of common stock price per share								$ 3.04399
Remaining available for sale common stock shares maximum committed purchase amount								$ 8,500,000			$ 8,500,000
Common Stock [Member]
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs, shares												14,000,000
Exercise price of warrant per share											$ 74.30					$ 23.08
Warrants to purchase common stock											1,346
Warrant expiration date											Jul. 03, 2023					Jul. 31, 2021
Common Stock [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase common stock																3,583
Common Stock [Member] | January 2021 Offering Common Stock [Member]
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs, shares											6,721,200
Exercise price of warrant per share											$ 1.00
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs							$ 14,000,000.0
Placement agent's fees and other offering expenses							1,900,000
Issuance of common stock for warrant exercises, shares											6,721,200
Gross proceeds from issuance of common stock											$ 6,800,000
Common stock reserved for issuance											7,751,300
Common Stock [Member] | January 2021 Offering Common Stock [Member] | Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model [Member]
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Aggregate value of warrants							$ 7,200,000
Common Stock [Member] | January 2021 Offering Common Stock [Member] | Placement Agent Warrants [Member]
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase common stock							700,000
Warrant exercisable period							5 years
Exercise price of warrant per share							$ 1.25				$ 1.25
Common stock reserved for issuance											227,500
Common Stock [Member] | January 2021 Offering Common Stock [Member] | Placement Agent Warrants [Member] | Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model [Member]
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Aggregate value of warrants							$ 300,000
Expected volatility							80.08%
Risk-free interest rate							0.38%
Expected dividend yield							0.00%
Expected term							5 years
Common Stock [Member] | January 2021 Offering Common Stock [Member] | Public Offering of Common Stock [Member]
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs, shares							11,600,000
Number of prefunded warrants to be issued							2,400,000
Warrants to purchase common stock							14,000,000
Combined purchase price of one share of common stock and accompanying warrant							$ 1.00
Combined purchase price of one pre-funded warrant and accompanying warrant							$ 0.9999
Warrant exercisable period							5 years
Exercise price of warrant per share							$ 1.00
Common Stock [Member] | January 2021 Offering Common Stock [Member] | Public Offering of Common Stock [Member] | Pre-funded Warrants [Member]
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Exercise price of warrant per share							$ 0.0001
Common Stock [Member] | June 2021 Offering Common Stock [Member]
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs, shares						5,977,300
Warrants to purchase common stock						4,781,840
Exercise price of warrant per share						$ 1.00					$ 1.00
Common stock reserved for issuance											4,781,840
Offering price per share						$ 1.10
Percentage of warrant coverage						80.00%
Warrants exercisable expiration period						5 years 6 months
Warrants exercised											0
Common Stock [Member] | June 2021 Offering Common Stock [Member] | Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model [Member]
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Aggregate value of warrants						$ 3,000,000.0
Expected volatility						81.44%
Risk-free interest rate						0.88%
Expected dividend yield						0.00%
Expected term						5 years 6 months
Common Stock [Member] | June 2021 Offering Common Stock [Member] | Placement Agent Warrants [Member]
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase common stock						298,865
Exercise price of warrant per share						$ 1.375					$ 1.375
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs						$ 6,600,000
Placement agent's fees and other offering expenses						$ 900,000
Common stock reserved for issuance											298,865
Percentage of warrant coverage						5.00%
Warrants exercisable expiration period						5 years
Common Stock [Member] | June 2021 Offering Common Stock [Member] | Placement Agent Warrants [Member] | Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model [Member]
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Aggregate value of warrants						$ 200,000
Expected volatility						80.15%
Risk-free interest rate						0.77%
Expected dividend yield						0.00%
Expected term						5 years
Common Stock [Member] | December 2021 Offering [Member]
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs, shares					8,235,297
Warrants to purchase common stock					8,235,297
Exercise price of warrant per share					$ 0.425						$ 0.425
Common stock reserved for issuance											8,235,297
Offering price per share					$ 0.425
Warrants exercisable expiration period					5 years 6 months
Warrants exercised											0
Common Stock [Member] | December 2021 Offering [Member] | Placement Agent Warrants [Member]
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase common stock					411,765
Exercise price of warrant per share					$ 0.5313						$ 0.5313
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs					$ 3,500,000
Placement agent's fees and other offering expenses					$ 500,000
Common stock reserved for issuance											411,765
Percentage of warrant coverage					5.00%
Warrants exercisable expiration period					5 years 6 months
Common Stock [Member] | December 2021 Offering [Member] | Placement Agent Warrants [Member] | Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model [Member]
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Aggregate value of warrants					$ 100,000
Expected volatility					79.81%
Risk-free interest rate					1.21%
Expected dividend yield					0.00%
Expected term					5 years 6 months

XML

Stockholders' Equity - Summary of Stock Option Activity (Details) - 2017 and 2020 Plan [Member] - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of Options, Beginning balance	2,228,291
Number of Options, Granted	1,056,636
Number of Options, Cancelled / Forfeited	(405,565)
Number of Options, Ending balance	2,879,362	2,228,291
Number of Options, Vested and exercisable	1,033,119
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Beginning balance	$ 1.88
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Granted	0.25
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Cancelled / Forfeited	3.96
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Ending balance	0.99	$ 1.88
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Vested and exercisable	$ 1.57
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term Outstanding	7 years 6 months 14 days	6 years 9 months 10 days
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term Outstanding, Vested and exercisable	3 years 10 months 24 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value Outstanding	$ 8

XML

Stockholders' Equity - Summary of Valuation of Stock Option Awards (Detail)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected volatility	79.00%
Expected volatility, minimum		77.80%
Expected volatility, maximum		80.30%
Risk-free interest rate	1.90%
Risk-free interest rate, minimum		0.72%
Risk-free interest rate, maximum		1.17%
Expected option life (in years)	6 years 29 days
Minimum [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected option life (in years)		6 years
Maximum [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected option life (in years)		6 years 29 days

XML

Stockholders' Equity - Summary of Compensation Cost Included in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations for Stock-based Compensation Arrangements (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Compensation cost	$ 165	$ 209
General and Administrative [Member]
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Compensation cost	135	177
Research and Development [Member]
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Compensation cost	$ 30	$ 32

XML

Stockholders' Equity - Summary of Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance (Detail) - shares	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock warrants	24,076,140	10,009,456
Common stock available for issuance under stock plans	1,962,825	289,179
Common stock reserved for future issuance	34,016,257	12,971,598
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock reserved for future issuance	5,000,000
Common Stock [Member]
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock warrants	1,346
Common stock options issued and outstanding	2,977,292	2,672,963

XML

Commitments and Contingencies - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021	Mar. 01, 2020
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Lease commencement date		Mar. 01, 2020
Lease expiration date		Aug. 31, 2031
Lessee, operating lease, existence of option to extend		false
Rent abatement term		6 months
Tenant improvement allowance on modified lease		$ 2,200,000
Right-of-use asset		4,451,000		$ 4,432,000	$ 4,500,000
Operating lease liability		$ 4,763,000			$ 4,500,000
Operating lease remaining term		9 years 6 months
Finance lease remaining term		2 years
Operating lease weighted-average discount rate		12.20%
Finance lease weighted-average discount rate		10.00%
Issuance of preferred stock, value		$ (9,000)	$ 11,955,000
Accrued liabilities		0
Litigation and legal liability		0
PUR Biologics, LLC [Member]
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Upfront cash paid	$ 500,000
Amount forgiven	22,000
Repayments of outstanding payable assumed	23,000
Development Assets [Member]
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Milestone and royalty payment obligations	$ 400,000
Percentage of royalties on net sales	5.00%
Development Assets [Member] | Commercialization Milestone [Member]
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Milestone and royalty payment obligations	$ 400,000
Development Assets [Member] | Product [Member] | Estimated Sales [Member]
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Revenue target for milestone achievement	$ 500,000
Series D Convertible Preferred Stock [Member] | Development Assets [Member] | PUR Biologics, LLC [Member]
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Issuance of preferred stock, shares	167,323
Issuance of preferred stock, value	$ 1,750,000
Contingent Liability [Member]
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Payment for milestone		0		0
Payments for royalties		0		$ 0
Conatus Pharmaceuticals Inc [Member]
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Right-of-use asset		100,000
Operating lease liability		$ 200,000
Office Space [Member]
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Lease expiration date		Sep. 30, 2020
Amendment [Member]
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Tenant improvement allowance on modified lease		$ 2,300,000
Reduction in operating lease liability		300,000
Reduction in right-of-use asset		300,000
Letter of Credit [Member]
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Security deposit		300,000
Letter of credit		300,000
Letter of Credit [Member] | Amendment [Member]
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Letter of credit		400,000
Maximum [Member]
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Tenant improvement allowance on modified lease		$ 2,200,000
Maximum [Member] | Development Assets [Member] | PUR Biologics, LLC [Member]
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Potential cash payout	$ 6,250,000

XML

Commitments and Contingencies - Schedule of Future Minimum Payments of Lease Liabilities (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Mar. 01, 2020
Operating Lease
2022 (Remaining 9 months)	$ 570
2023	780
2024	803
2025	827
2026	853
Thereafter	4,330
Total minimum lease payments	8,163
Less: imputed interest	(3,400)
Total future minimum lease payments	4,763		$ 4,500
Less: current obligations under leases	(200)	$ (127)
Noncurrent lease obligations	4,563	4,617
Finance Lease
2022 (Remaining 9 months)	8
2023	10
2024	4
Total minimum lease payments	22
Less: imputed interest	(2)
Total future minimum lease payments	20
Less: current obligations under leases	(9)	(9)
Noncurrent lease obligations	$ 11	$ 14

XML

Related Parties - Additional Information (Detail) - Lordship Ventures Histogen Holdings LLC [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2012	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Percentage of outstanding voting shares controlled		4.70%		4.70%
Success Fee Agreement [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Minimum percentage of asset or equity engaged in merger or sale transaction	90.00%
Related party expense recognized		$ 400	$ 3
Allergan License Agreements [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Amount due to related parties		$ 11		$ 12
Private Histogen [Member] | Success Fee Agreement [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Description of related party transaction		In November 2012, Private Histogen entered into a Strategic Relationship Success Fee Agreement with Lordship (the “Success Fee Agreement”). The Success Fee Agreement causes certain payments to be made from the Company to Lordship equal to 1% of certain product revenues and 10% of certain license and royalty revenues. The Success Fee Agreement also stipulates that, if the Company engages in a merger or sale of all or substantially all (defined as 90% or more) of its assets or equity to a third party, then the Company has the option to terminate the agreement by paying Lordship the fair market value of future payments with the minimum payment being at least equal to the most recent annual payments Lordship has received.
Private Histogen [Member] | Success Fee Agreement [Member] | Product Revenue [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Success fee percentage to be paid on certain product revenues	1.00%
Private Histogen [Member] | Success Fee Agreement [Member] | License and Royalty Revenue [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Success fee percentage to be paid on certain license and royalty revenues	10.00%