EX-99.2 3 ex992_finsupplementx123120.htm EXHIBIT 99.2 Exhibit


Exhibit 99.2
                                                                                                                                                                             
Employers Holdings, Inc.
Fourth Quarter And Full Year 2017
Financial Supplement













employerslogo12312017.jpg





EMPLOYERS HOLDINGS, INC.
Table of Contents




Page
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Financial Highlights
 
 
 
 
Summary Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
 
 
 
Summary Consolidated Income Statements
 
 
 
 
Return on Equity
 
 
 
 
Combined Ratios
 
 
 
 
Roll-forward of Unpaid Losses and LAE
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Investment Portfolio
 
 
 
 
Book Value Per Share
 
 
 
 
Earnings Per Share
 
 
 
 
Non-GAAP Financial Measures





EMPLOYERS HOLDINGS, INC.
Consolidated Financial Highlights (unaudited)
$ in millions, except per share amounts
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
 
 
Years Ended
 
 
 
 
December 31,
 
 
 
December 31,
 
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
% change
 
2017
 
2016
 
% change
Selected financial highlights:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross insurance premiums written
 
$
168.4

 
$
155.7

 
8
 %
 
$
729.7

 
$
701.4

 
4
 %
Net insurance premiums written
 
167.0

 
154.2

 
8

 
723.7

 
694.6

 
4

Net insurance premiums earned
 
181.6

 
172.0

 
6

 
716.5

 
694.8

 
3

Net investment income
 
19.1

 
19.1

 

 
74.6

 
73.2

 
2

Underwriting income(1)
 
33.9

 
27.6

 
23

 
68.0

 
57.3

 
19

Net income before impact of the LPT(1)
 
28.2

 
32.6

 
(13
)
 
89.6

 
90.1

 
(1
)
Adjusted net income(1)
 
35.2

 
31.3

 
12

 
95.5

 
83.0

 
15

Net income
 
31.3

 
35.5

 
(12
)
 
101.2

 
106.7

 
(5
)
Comprehensive income
 
30.4

 
(7.6
)
 
n/m

 
116.3

 
97.6

 
19

Total assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3,840.1

 
3,773.4

 
2

Stockholders' equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
947.7

 
840.6

 
13

Stockholders' equity including the Deferred Gain(2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,111.3

 
1,015.5

 
9

Adjusted stockholders' equity(2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,003.9

 
941.0

 
7

Annualized adjusted return on stockholders' equity(3)
 
14.1
 %
 
13.5
 %
 
4
 %
 
9.8
 %
 
9.2
 %
 
7

Amounts per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash dividends declared per share
 
$
0.15

 
$
0.09

 
67
 %
 
$
0.60

 
$
0.36

 
67
 %
Earnings per diluted share(4)
 
0.94

 
1.08

 
(13
)
 
3.06

 
3.24

 
(6
)
Earnings per diluted share before impact of the LPT(4)
 
0.85

 
0.99

 
(14
)
 
2.71

 
2.73

 
(1
)
Adjusted earnings per diluted share(4)
 
1.06

 
0.95

 
12

 
2.89

 
2.52

 
15

Book value per share(2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
29.07

 
26.16

 
11

Book value per share including the Deferred Gain(2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
34.09

 
31.61

 
8

Adjusted book value per share(2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
30.80

 
29.29

 
5

Combined ratio before impact of the LPT:(5)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loss and loss adjustment expense ratio:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current year
 
58.5
 %
 
63.8
 %
 
 
 
62.4
 %
 
65.2
 %
 
 
Prior year
 
(9.9
)
 
(9.8
)
 
 
 
(2.6
)
 
(2.7
)
 
 
Loss and loss adjustment expense ratio
 
48.6
 %
 
54.0
 %
 
 
 
59.8
 %
 
62.5
 %
 
 
Commission expense ratio
 
13.6

 
11.6

 
 
 
12.8

 
12.0

 
 
Underwriting and other operating expense ratio
 
20.8

 
20.1

 
 
 
19.5

 
19.7

 
 
Combined ratio before impact of the LPT
 
83.0
 %
 
85.6
 %
 
 
 
92.1
 %
 
94.1
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) See Page 3 for calculations and Page 10 for information regarding our use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures.
(2) See Page 8 for calculations and Page 10 for information regarding our use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures.
(3) See Page 4 for calculations and Page 10 for information regarding our use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures.
(4) See Page 9 for calculations and Page 10 for information regarding our use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures.
(5) See Page 5 for calculations and Page 10 for information regarding our use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures.

1



EMPLOYERS HOLDINGS, INC.
Summary Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited)
$ in millions, except per share amounts
 
 
December 31,
2017
 
December 31,
2016
ASSETS
 
 
 
 
Investments, cash and cash equivalents
 
$
2,752.0

 
$
2,623.4

Accrued investment income
 
19.6

 
20.6

Premiums receivable, net
 
326.7

 
304.7

Reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid losses
 
544.2

 
588.7

Deferred policy acquisition costs
 
45.8

 
44.3

Deferred income taxes, net
 
28.7

 
59.4

Contingent commission receivable—LPT Agreement
 
31.4

 
31.1

Other assets
 
91.7

 
101.2

Total assets
 
$
3,840.1

 
$
3,773.4

 
 
 
 
 
LIABILITIES
 
 
 
 
Unpaid losses and LAE
 
$
2,266.1

 
$
2,301.0

Unearned premiums
 
318.3

 
310.3

Commissions and premium taxes payable
 
55.3

 
48.8

Deferred Gain
 
163.6

 
174.9

Notes payable
 
20.0

 
32.0

Other liabilities
 
69.1

 
65.8

Total liabilities
 
$
2,892.4

 
$
2,932.8

 
 
 
 
 
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
 
 
 
 
Common stock and additional paid-in capital
 
$
381.8

 
$
372.6

Retained earnings
 
842.2

 
777.2

Accumulated other comprehensive income, net
 
107.4

 
74.5

Treasury stock, at cost
 
(383.7
)
 
(383.7
)
Total stockholders’ equity
 
947.7

 
840.6

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
 
$
3,840.1

 
$
3,773.4

 
 
 
 
 
Stockholders' equity including the Deferred Gain (1)
 
$
1,111.3

 
$
1,015.5

Adjusted stockholders' equity (1)
 
1,003.9

 
941.0

Book value per share (1)
 
$
29.07

 
$
26.16

Book value per share including the Deferred Gain (1)
 
34.09

 
31.61

Adjusted book value per share (1)
 
30.80

 
29.29

 
 
 
 
 
(1) See Page 8 for calculations and Page 10 for information regarding our use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures.

2



EMPLOYERS HOLDINGS, INC.
Summary Consolidated Income Statements (unaudited)
$ in millions, except per share amounts
 
Three Months Ended
 
Years Ended
 
December 31,
 
December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Underwriting revenues:
 
 
 
Gross premiums written
$
168.4

 
$
155.7

 
$
729.7

 
$
701.4

Premiums ceded
(1.4
)
 
(1.5
)
 
(6.0
)
 
(6.8
)
Net premiums written
167.0

 
154.2

 
723.7

 
694.6

Net premiums earned
181.6

 
172.0

 
716.5

 
694.8

Underwriting expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Losses and LAE incurred
(85.2
)
 
(89.9
)
 
(417.2
)
 
(417.9
)
Commission expense
(24.7
)
 
(20.0
)
 
(91.4
)
 
(83.5
)
Underwriting and other operating expenses
(37.8
)
 
(34.5
)
 
(139.9
)
 
(136.1
)
Underwriting income
33.9

 
27.6

 
68.0

 
57.3

Net investment income
19.1

 
19.1

 
74.6

 
73.2

Net realized gains on investments

 
2.1

 
7.4

 
11.2

Gain on redemption of notes payable

 

 
2.1

 

Other income
0.3

 

 
0.8

 
0.6

Interest expense
(0.3
)
 
(0.4
)
 
(1.4
)
 
(1.6
)
Other expenses

 

 
(7.5
)
 

Income tax expense
(21.7
)
 
(12.9
)
 
(42.8
)
 
(34.0
)
Net income
31.3

 
35.5

 
101.2

 
106.7

Net unrealized (losses) gains on investments arising during the period, net of tax
(0.9
)
 
(41.7
)
 
19.9

 
(1.8
)
Reclassification adjustment for net realized gains in net income, net of tax

 
(1.4
)
 
(4.8
)
 
(7.3
)
Comprehensive income (loss)
$
30.4

 
$
(7.6
)
 
$
116.3

 
$
97.6

Net income
$
31.3

 
$
35.5

 
$
101.2

 
$
106.7

Amortization of the Deferred Gain - losses
(2.3
)
 
(2.4
)
 
(9.3
)
 
(9.7
)
Amortization of the Deferred Gain - contingent commission
(0.5
)
 
(0.5
)
 
(2.0
)
 
(2.0
)
LPT reserve adjustment

 

 

 
(3.1
)
LPT contingent commission adjustments
(0.3
)
 

 
(0.3
)
 
(1.8
)
Net income before impact of the LPT Agreement (1)
$
28.2

 
$
32.6

 
$
89.6

 
$
90.1

Net realized gains on investments

 
(2.1
)
 
(7.4
)
 
(11.2
)
Gain on redemption of notes payable

 

 
(2.1
)
 

Write-off of previously capitalized costs

 

 
7.5

 

Amortization of intangibles

 
0.1

 
0.3

 
0.4

Income tax benefit related to items excluded from Net income 

 
0.7

 
0.6

 
3.7

Net impact of tax reform
7.0

 

 
7.0

 

Adjusted net income (1)
$
35.2

 
$
31.3

 
$
95.5

 
$
83.0

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) See Page 10 regarding our use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

3



EMPLOYERS HOLDINGS, INC.
Return on Equity (unaudited)
$ in millions, except per share amount
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Years Ended
 
 
December 31,
 
December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
A
$
31.3

 
$
35.5

 
$
101.2

 
$
106.7

Impact of the LPT Agreement
 
(3.1
)
 
(2.9
)
 
(11.6
)
 
(16.6
)
Net realized gains on investments
 

 
(2.1
)
 
(7.4
)
 
(11.2
)
Gain on redemption of notes payable
 

 

 
(2.1
)
 

Write-off of previously capitalized costs
 

 

 
7.5

 

Amortization of intangibles
 

 
0.1

 
0.3

 
0.4

Income tax benefit related to items excluded from Net income
 

 
0.7

 
0.6

 
3.7

Net impact of tax reform
 
7.0

 

 
7.0

 

Adjusted net income(1)
B
$
35.2

 
$
31.3

 
$
95.5

 
$
83.0

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stockholders' equity - end of period
 
$
947.7

 
$
840.6

 
$
947.7

 
$
840.6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stockholders' equity - beginning of period
 
917.1

 
850.1

 
840.6

 
760.8

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average stockholders' equity
C
$
932.4

 
$
845.4

 
$
894.2

 
$
800.7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stockholders' equity - end of period
 
$
947.7

 
$
840.6

 
$
947.7

 
$
840.6

Deferred Gain - end of period
 
163.6

 
174.9

 
163.6

 
174.9

Accumulated other comprehensive income - end of period
 
(136.0
)
 
(114.6
)
 
(136.0
)
 
(114.6
)
Income tax related to accumulated other comprehensive income - end of period
 
28.6

 
40.1

 
28.6

 
40.1

Adjusted stockholders' equity - end of period
 
1,003.9

 
941.0

 
1,003.9

 
941.0

Adjusted stockholders' equity - beginning of period
 
992.9

 
910.3

 
941.0

 
866.7

Average adjusted stockholders' equity(1)
D
$
998.4

 
$
925.7

 
$
972.5

 
$
903.9

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on stockholders' equity
A / C
3.4
%
 
4.2
%
 
11.3
%
 
13.3
%
Annualized return on stockholders' equity
 
13.4
%
 
16.8
%
 


 


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Adjusted return on stockholders' equity(1)
B / D
3.5
%
 
3.4
%
 
9.8
%
 
9.2
%
Annualized adjusted return on stockholders' equity(1)
 
14.1
%
 
13.5
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) See Page 10 for information regarding our use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures.

4



EMPLOYERS HOLDINGS, INC.
Combined Ratios (unaudited)
$ in millions, except per share amounts
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Years Ended
 
 
December 31,
 
December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Net premiums earned
A
$
181.6

 
$
172.0

 
$
716.5

 
$
694.8

Losses and LAE incurred
B
85.2

 
89.9

 
417.2

 
417.9

Amortization of the Deferred Gain - losses
 
2.3

 
2.4

 
9.3

 
9.7

Amortization of the Deferred Gain - contingent commission
 
0.5

 
0.5

 
2.0

 
2.0

LPT reserve adjustment
 

 

 

 
3.1

LPT contingent commission adjustments
 
0.3

 

 
0.3

 
1.8

Losses and LAE before impact of the LPT (1)
C
$
88.3

 
$
92.8

 
$
428.8

 
$
434.5

Prior year loss reserve development
 
(18.0
)
 
(16.9
)
 
(18.5
)
 
(18.4
)
Losses and LAE before impact of the LPT - current accident year
D
$
106.3

 
$
109.7

 
$
447.3

 
$
452.9

Commission expense
E
$
24.7

 
$
20.0

 
$
91.4

 
$
83.5

Underwriting and other operating expenses
F
37.8

 
34.5

 
139.9

 
136.1

Combined ratio:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loss and LAE ratio
B/A
46.9
%
 
52.3
%
 
58.2
%
 
60.1
%
Commission expense ratio
E/A
13.6

 
11.6

 
12.8

 
12.0

Underwriting and other operating expense ratio
F/A
20.8

 
20.1

 
19.5

 
19.7

Combined ratio
 
81.3
%
 
84.0
%
 
90.5
%
 
91.8
%
Combined ratio before impact of the LPT: (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loss and LAE ratio before impact of the LPT
C/A
48.6
%
 
54.0
%
 
59.8
%
 
62.5
%
Commission expense ratio
E/A
13.6

 
11.6

 
12.8

 
12.0

Underwriting and other operating expense ratio
F/A
20.8

 
20.1

 
19.5

 
19.7

Combined ratio before impact of the LPT
 
83.0
%
 
85.6
%
 
92.1
%
 
94.1
%
Combined ratio before impact of the LPT: current accident year: (1)
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Loss and LAE ratio before impact of the LPT
D/A
58.5
%
 
63.8
%
 
62.4
%
 
65.2
%
Commission expense ratio
E/A
13.6

 
11.6

 
12.8

 
12.0

Underwriting and other operating expense ratio
F/A
20.8

 
20.1

 
19.5

 
19.7

Combined ratio before impact of the LPT: current accident year
 
93.0
%
 
95.5
%
 
94.7
%
 
96.8
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) See Page 10 for information regarding our use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures.

5



EMPLOYERS HOLDINGS, INC.
Roll-forward of Unpaid Losses and LAE (unaudited)
$ in millions
 
Three Months Ended
 
Years Ended
 
December 31,
 
December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unpaid losses and LAE at beginning of period
$
2,298.9

 
$
2,330.0

 
$
2,301.0

 
$
2,347.5

Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses and LAE
553.1

 
591.5

 
580.0

 
628.2

Net unpaid losses and LAE at beginning of period
1,745.8

 
1,738.5

 
1,721.0

 
1,719.3

Losses and LAE incurred:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current year losses
106.3

 
109.8

 
447.3

 
452.9

Prior year losses on voluntary business
(17.4
)
 
(17.0
)
 
(17.4
)
 
(17.0
)
Prior year losses on involuntary business
(0.6
)
 
0.1

 
(1.1
)
 
(1.4
)
Total losses incurred
88.3

 
92.9

 
428.8

 
434.5

Losses and LAE paid:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current year losses
31.7

 
35.9

 
76.9

 
78.7

Prior year losses
73.3

 
74.5

 
343.8

 
354.1

Total paid losses
105.0

 
110.4

 
420.7

 
432.8

Net unpaid losses and LAE at end of period
1,729.1

 
1,721.0

 
1,729.1

 
1,721.0

Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses and LAE
537.0

 
580.0

 
537.0

 
580.0

Unpaid losses and LAE at end of period
$
2,266.1

 
$
2,301.0

 
$
2,266.1

 
$
2,301.0



6



EMPLOYERS HOLDINGS, INC.
Consolidated Investment Portfolio (unaudited)
$ in millions
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
Investment Positions:
 
Cost or Amortized
Cost
 
Net Unrealized Gain
 
Fair Value
 
%
 
Fair Value
 
%
Fixed maturities
 
$
2,421.0

 
$
42.4

 
$
2,463.4

 
90
%
 
$
2,344.4

 
89
%
Equity securities
 
116.7

 
93.6

 
210.3

 
8

 
192.2

 
7

Short-term investments
 
4.0

 

 
4.0

 

 
16.0

 
1

Cash and cash equivalents
 
73.3

 

 
73.3

 
3

 
67.2

 
3

Restricted cash and cash equivalents
 
1.0

 

 
1.0

 

 
3.6

 

Total investments and cash
 
$
2,616.0

 
$
136.0

 
$
2,752.0

 
100
%
 
$
2,623.4

 
100
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Breakout of Fixed Maturities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasuries and Agencies
 
$
147.1

 
$
1.7

 
$
148.8

 
6
%
 
$
140.2

 
6
%
States and Municipalities
 
617.0

 
25.5

 
642.5

 
26

 
851.6

 
36

Corporate Securities
 
1,103.4

 
14.6

 
1,118.0

 
45

 
956.7

 
41

Mortgage-Backed Securities
 
494.8

 
0.5

 
495.3

 
20

 
353.5

 
15

Asset-Backed Securities
 
58.7

 
0.1

 
58.8

 
2

 
42.4

 
2

Total fixed maturities
 
$
2,421.0

 
$
42.4

 
$
2,463.4

 
100
%
 
$
2,344.4

 
100
%
Weighted average book yield
 
 
3.1
%
 
 
 
3.1
%
Weighted average tax equivalent yield
 
 
3.5
%
 
 
 
3.6
%
Average credit quality (S&P)
 
 
AA-

 
 
 
AA-

Duration
 
 
4.2

 
 
 
4.3



7



EMPLOYERS HOLDINGS, INC.
Book Value Per Share (unaudited)
$ in millions, except per share amounts
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
Numerators:
 
 
 
 
Stockholders' equity
A
$
947.7

 
$
840.6

Plus: Deferred Gain
 
163.6

 
174.9

Stockholders' equity including the Deferred Gain(1)
B
1,111.3

 
1,015.5

Accumulated other comprehensive income

 
(136.0
)
 
(114.6
)
Income tax benefit related to accumulated other comprehensive income
 
28.6

 
40.1

Adjusted stockholders' equity(1)
C
$
1,003.9

 
$
941.0

 
 
 
 
 
Denominator (shares outstanding)
D
32,597,819

 
32,128,922

 
 
 
 
 
Book value per share(1)
A / D
$
29.07

 
$
26.16

Book value per share including the Deferred Gain(1)
B / D
34.09

 
31.61

Adjusted book value per share(1)
C / D
30.80

 
29.29

 
 
 
 
 
Cash dividends declared per share
 
$
0.60

 
$
0.36

 
 
 
 
 
YTD Change in:(2)
 
 
 
 
Book value per share
 
13.4
%
 
12.3
%
Book value per share including the Deferred Gain
 
9.7

 
8.4

Adjusted book value per share
 
7.2

 
10.2

 
 
 
 
 
(1) See Page 10 for information regarding our use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures.
(2) Reflects the change per share after taking into account dividends declared in the period.


8



EMPLOYERS HOLDINGS, INC.
Earnings Per Share (unaudited)
$ in millions, except per share amounts
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Years Ended
 
 
December 31,
 
December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Numerators:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
A
$
31.3

 
$
35.5

 
$
101.2

 
$
106.7

Impact of the LPT Agreement
 
(3.1
)
 
(2.9
)
 
(11.6
)
 
(16.6
)
Net income before impact of the LPT (1)
B
$
28.2

 
$
32.6

 
$
89.6

 
$
90.1

Net realized gains on investments
 

 
(2.1
)
 
(7.4
)
 
(11.2
)
Gain on redemption of notes payable
 

 

 
(2.1
)
 

Write-off of previously capitalized costs
 

 

 
7.5

 

Amortization of intangibles
 

 
0.1

 
0.3

 
0.4

Income tax benefit related to items excluded from Net income
 

 
0.7

 
0.6

 
3.7

Net impact of tax reform
 
7.0

 

 
7.0

 

Adjusted net income (1)
C
$
35.2

 
$
31.3

 
$
95.5

 
$
83.0

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Denominators:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average common shares outstanding (basic)
D
32,641,438

 
32,247,251

 
32,501,576

 
32,434,580

Average common shares outstanding (diluted)
E
33,219,850

 
32,861,090

 
33,060,760

 
32,976,835

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
A / D
$
0.96

 
$
1.10

 
$
3.11

 
$
3.29

Diluted
A / E
0.94

 
1.08

 
3.06

 
3.24

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings per share before impact of the LPT:(1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
B / D
$
0.86

 
$
1.01

 
$
2.76

 
$
2.78

Diluted
B / E
0.85

 
0.99

 
2.71

 
2.73

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Adjusted earnings per share:(1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
C / D
$
1.08

 
$
0.97

 
$
2.94

 
$
2.56

Diluted
C / E
1.06

 
0.95

 
2.89

 
2.52

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) See Page 10 for information regarding our use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures.

9



Glossary of Financial Measures
Within this earnings release we present the following measures, each of which are "non-GAAP financial measures." A reconciliation of these measures to the Company's most directly comparable GAAP financial measures is included herein. Management believes that these non-GAAP measures are important to the Company's investors, analysts and other interested parties who benefit from having an objective and consistent basis for comparison with other companies within our industry. Management further believes that these measures are more relevant than comparable GAAP measures in evaluating our financial performance.
The LPT Agreement is a non-recurring transaction that does not result in ongoing cash benefits to the Company. Management believes that providing non-GAAP measures that exclude the effects of the LPT Agreement (amortization of deferred reinsurance gain, adjustments to LPT Agreement ceded reserves and adjustments to contingent commission receivable) is useful in providing investors, analysts and other interested parties a meaningful understanding of the Company's ongoing underwriting performance.
Deferred reinsurance gain (Deferred Gain) reflects the unamortized gain from the LPT Agreement. This gain has been deferred and is being amortized using the recovery method, whereby the amortization is determined by the proportion of actual reinsurance recoveries to total estimated recoveries, except for the contingent profit commission, which is being amortized through June 30, 2024. Amortization is reflected in losses and LAE incurred.
Adjusted net income (see Page 4 for calculations) is net income excluding the effects of the LPT Agreement, net realized gains (losses) on investments (net of tax), net impact of tax reform, gain on redemption of notes payable (net of tax), and amortization of intangible assets (net of tax). Management believes that providing this non-GAAP measures is helpful to investors, analysts and other interested parties in identifying trends in the Company's operating performance because such items have limited significance to its ongoing operations or can be impacted by both discretionary and other economic factors and may not represent operating trends. The Company previously referred to Adjusted net income as Operating income.
Stockholders' equity including the Deferred Gain is stockholders' equity including the Deferred Gain. Management believes that providing this non-GAAP measure is useful in providing investors, analysts and other interested parties a meaningful measure of the Company's total underwriting capital.
Adjusted stockholders' equity (see Page 8 for calculations) is stockholders' equity including the Deferred Gain, less accumulated other comprehensive income (net of tax). Management believes that providing this non-GAAP measure is useful to investors, analysts and other interested parties since it serves as the denominator to the Company's operating return on equity metric.
Return on stockholders' equity and Adjusted return on stockholders' equity (see Page 4 for calculations). Management believes that these profitability measures are widely used by our investors, analysts and other interested parties. The Company previously referred to Adjusted return on stockholders' equity as Operating return on adjusted stockholders' equity.
Book value per share, Book value per share including the Deferred Gain, and Adjusted book value per share (see Page 8 for calculations). Management believes that these valuation measures are widely used by our investors, analysts and other interested parties. The Company previously referred to Book value per share as GAAP book value per share, and Book value per share including Deferred Gain as Book value per share.
Net income, Combined ratio, and Combined ratio before impact of the LPT (see Pages 3 and 5 for calculations). Management believes that these performance and underwriting measures are widely used by our investors, analysts and other interested parties.

10