0001199073-12-000555.txt : 20120702 0001199073-12-000555.hdr.sgml : 20120702 20120629214425 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0001199073-12-000555 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 40-F PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 30 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20120331 FILED AS OF DATE: 20120702 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20120629 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: Keegan Resources Inc. CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001377757 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: MINING, QUARRYING OF NONMETALLIC MINERALS (NO FUELS) [1400] IRS NUMBER: 000000000 STATE OF INCORPORATION: A1 FISCAL YEAR END: 0307 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 40-F SEC ACT: 1934 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 001-33580 FILM NUMBER: 12937224 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: SUITE 600 - 1199 WEST HASTINGS STREET CITY: VANCOUVER STATE: A1 ZIP: V6E 3T5 BUSINESS PHONE: 604 683 8193 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: SUITE 600 - 1199 WEST HASTINGS STREET CITY: VANCOUVER STATE: A1 ZIP: V6E 3T5 40-F 1 form_40-f.htm KEEGAN RESOURCES INC. FORM 40-F form_40-f.htm
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C.  20549
 
FORM 40-F
 o
REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12 OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
OR
 x
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13(a) OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2012
Commission File Number: 001-33580

 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.
 
 
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
 
British Columbia
 
1040
 
Not Applicable
(Province or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)
 
(Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
 
700 -1199 West Hastings Street
Vancouver, British Columbia
Canada V6E 3T5
(604) 683-8193
 
 
(Address and telephone number of Registrant’s principal executive offices)
 
 

National Registered Agents, Inc.
875 Avenue of the Americas, Suite 501
New York, New York  10001
Tel: 1-800-550-6724
 
 
(Name, address (including zip code) and telephone number (including
area code) of agent for service in the United States)
 
 
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to section 12(b) of the Act:
Title Of Each Class
Name Of Each Exchange On Which Registered
Common Shares, no par value
NYSE MKT Equities
 
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:  None
 
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:  None
 
For annual reports, indicate by check mark the information filed with this Form:
 x   Annual Information Form
 x  Audited Annual Financial Statements
 
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the Registrant’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report:  75,545,838 Common Shares as of March 31, 2012
 
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes   x
   
No   o
 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit and post such files).
 
Yes   o
   
No    o
 

 
 

 

INTRODUCTORY INFORMATION
 
In this annual report, references to the “Company” or “Keegan” mean Keegan Resources Inc. and its subsidiaries, unless the context suggests otherwise.
 
Unless otherwise indicated, all amounts in this annual report are in US dollars and all references to “$” mean US dollars.
 
PRINCIPAL DOCUMENTS
 
The following documents that are filed as exhibits to this annual report are incorporated by reference herein:
 
·  
the Company’s Annual Information Form for the year ended March 31, 2012;
 
·  
the Company’s Audited Consolidated Financial Statements as at March 31, 2012 and 2011, and for the years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, and the notes thereto; and
 
·  
the Company’s Management Discussion and Analysis for the year ended March 31, 2012.
 
The Company’s Audited Consolidated Financial Statements that are incorporated by reference into this Registration Statement have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (the “IASB”).
 
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
 
This Annual Report includes or incorporates by reference certain statements that constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.  These statements appear in a number of places in this Annual Report and documents incorporated by reference herein and include statements regarding the Company’s intent, belief or current expectation and that of the Company’s officers and directors.  These forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties that may cause the Company’s actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements.  In certain cases, forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as “believe”, “intend”, “may”, “will”, “should”, “plans”, “anticipates”, “believes”, “potential”, “intends”, “expects” and other similar expressions.
 
Forward-looking statements, particularly as they relate to the actual results of exploration activities, actual results of reclamation activities, the estimation or realization of mineral reserves and resources (as such terms are used in the Company’s Annual Information Form), the timing and amount of estimated future production, capital expenditures, costs and timing of the development of new mineral deposits, requirements for additional capital, future prices of precious and base metals, possible variations in ore grade or recovery rates, failure of plant, equipment or processes to operate as anticipated, accidents, labor disputes, road blocks and other risks of the mining industry, delays in obtaining governmental approvals, permits or financing or in the completion of development or construction activities, currency fluctuations, title disputes or claims limitations on insurance coverage and the timing and possible outcome of pending litigation and the timing or magnitude of such events, are inherently risky and uncertain.
 
Key assumptions upon which the Company’s forward-looking statements are based include the following:
 
·  
the Company’s current estimates of mineral reserves, mineral resources, mineral grades and mineral recovery are accurate;
 
 
 

 
·  
the Company has a valid interest in its mineral properties;
 
·  
the price of gold will not fall significantly;
 
·  
the Company will, if required, be able to secure new financing to continue its exploration and operational activities;
 
·  
there being no significant adverse changes in currency exchange rates;
 
·  
there being no significant changes in the ability of the Company to comply with environmental, safety and other regulatory requirements;
 
·  
the Company’s ability to obtain regulatory approvals (including licenses and permits) in a timely manner;
 
·  
the absence of any material adverse effects arising as a result of political instability, criminal activity, terrorism, sabotage, natural disasters, equipment failures or adverse changes in government legislation or the socio-economic conditions in the surrounding area to the Company’s operations;
 
·  
the Company’s ability to achieve its growth strategy;
 
·  
the Company’s operating costs will not increase significantly; and
 
·  
key personnel will continue their employment with the Company and the Company will have access to all resources necessary to continue with its exploration activities.
 
Readers are cautioned that the foregoing list is not exhaustive of all factors and assumptions which may have been used.  These assumptions should be considered carefully by readers. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements or the assumptions on which the Company’s forward-looking statements are based.  Readers are advised to carefully review and consider the risk factors identified in the Company’s Annual Information Form under the heading “Business Description – Risk Factors” and in the other documents incorporated by reference herein for a discussion of the factors that could cause the Company’s actual results, performance and achievements to be materially different from any anticipated future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Readers are further cautioned that the foregoing list of assumptions is not exhaustive and it is recommended that readers consult the more complete discussion of the Company’s business, financial condition and prospects that is included in the Company’s Annual Information Form, and in other documents incorporated by reference herein. The forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report are made as of the date hereof and, accordingly, are subject to change after such date.
 
Although the Company believes that the assumptions on which the forward-looking statements are made are reasonable, based on the information available to the Company on the date such statements were made, no assurances can be given as to whether these assumptions will prove to be correct. Accordingly, readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking information. The Company assumes no obligation to update or to publicly announce the results of any change to any of the forward-looking statements contained or incorporated by reference herein to reflect actual results, future events or developments, changes in assumptions or changes in other factors affecting the forward-looking statements, other than where a duty to update such information or provide further disclosure is imposed by applicable law, including applicable United States federal securities laws.
 
 
 

 
CAUTIONARY NOTE TO UNITED STATES INVESTORS CONCERNING
 
ESTIMATES OF RESERVES AND MEASURED, INDICATED AND INFERRED RESOURCES
 
The disclosure in this annual report, including the documents incorporated by reference herein, uses terms that comply with reporting standards in Canada and certain estimates are made in accordance with Canadian National Instrument 43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects (“NI 43-101”).  NI 43-101 is a rule developed by the Canadian Securities Administrators that establishes standards for all public disclosure an issuer makes of scientific and technical information concerning mineral projects. Unless otherwise indicated, all reserve and resource estimates contained in or incorporated by reference in this annual report have been prepared in accordance with NI 43-101.  These standards differ significantly from the requirements of the SEC, and reserve and resource information contained herein and incorporated by reference herein may not be comparable to similar information disclosed by U.S. companies.
 
This annual report includes mineral reserve estimates that have been calculated in accordance with NI 43-101, as required by Canadian securities regulatory authorities. For United States reporting purposes, SEC Industry Guide 7 (under the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”)), as interpreted by Staff of the SEC, applies different standards in order to classify mineralization as a reserve.  As a result, the definitions of proven and probable reserves used in NI 43-101 differ from the definitions in the SEC Industry Guide 7.  Under SEC standards, mineralization may not be classified as a "reserve" unless the determination has been made that the mineralization could be economically and legally produced or extracted at the time the reserve determination is made.  Among other things, all necessary permits would be required to be in hand or issuance imminent in order to classify mineralized material as reserves under the SEC standards. Accordingly, certain mineral reserve estimates contained in this annual report may not qualify as “reserves” under SEC standards, unless expressly stated to so qualify.
 
In addition, this annual report uses the terms “measured mineral resources”, “indicated mineral resources” and “inferred mineral resources” to comply with the reporting standards in Canada.  We advise investors that while those terms are recognized and required by Canadian regulations, the SEC does not recognize them.  Investors are cautioned not to assume that any part or all of the mineral deposits in these categories will ever be converted into mineral reserves.  These terms have a great amount of uncertainty as to their existence, and great uncertainty as to their economic and legal feasibility.
 
Further, “inferred resources” have a great amount of uncertainty as to their existence and as to whether they can be mined legally or economically. Therefore, Investors are also cautioned not to assume that all or any part of the inferred resources exist.  In accordance with Canadian rules, estimates of “inferred mineral resources” cannot form the basis of feasibility or other economic studies.
 
It cannot be assumed that all or any part of “measured mineral resources”, “indicated mineral resources”, or “inferred mineral resources” will ever be upgraded to a higher category.  Investors are cautioned not to assume that any part of the reported “measured mineral resources”, “indicated mineral resources”, or “inferred mineral resources” in this annual report is economically or legally mineable.
 
In addition, disclosure of “contained ounces” in respect of resources that do not qualify as reserves is permitted disclosure under Canadian regulations; however, the SEC only permits issuers to report reserves in ounces and requires other mineralized material to be reported as in place tonnage and grade without reference to unit measures.
 
For the above reasons, information contained in this annual report and the documents incorporated by reference herein containing descriptions of our mineral deposits may not be comparable to similar
 
 
 
 

 
information made public by U.S. companies subject to the reporting and disclosure requirements under the United States federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder.
 
NOTE TO UNITED STATES READERS REGARDING DIFFERENCES
BETWEEN UNITED STATES AND CANADIAN REPORTING PRACTICES
 
The Company is permitted to prepare this annual report in accordance with Canadian disclosure requirements, which are different from those of the United States. The Company has historically prepared its consolidated financial statements in accordance with Canadian Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“Canadian GAAP”). For periods ending after March 31, 2011, the Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB. Canadian GAAP and IFRS differ in certain respects from U.S. GAAP and from practices prescribed by the SEC. Therefore, the Company’s historic financial statements and the financial statements incorporated by reference in this annual report may not be comparable to financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
 
DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
 
Disclosure controls and procedures are defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”) to mean controls and other procedures of an issuer that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and includes, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to the issuer’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
 
As of the end of the period covered by this report, our management carried out an evaluation, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures.  Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e), were effective.  See “Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting and Disclosure Controls and Procedures” on page 26 of Exhibit 99.7, Management Discussion and Analysis of the Company.
 
INTERNAL CONTROLS OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
 
The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). Based on this evaluation, management concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting were effective as of March 31, 2012. There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during its fiscal year ended March 31, 2012 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
Management is responsible for designing, establishing and maintaining a system of internal controls over financial reporting to provide reasonable assurance that the financial information prepared by the Company for external purposes is reliable and has been recorded, processed and reported in an accurate and timely manner in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB.  The Board of Directors is responsible
 
 
 
 

 
for ensuring that management fulfills its responsibilities.  The Audit Committee fulfills its role of ensuring the integrity of the reported information through its review of the interim and annual financial statements.  Management reviewed the results of their assessment with the Company’s Audit Committee.
 
There are inherent limitations in the effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting, including the possibility that misstatements may not be prevented or detected.  Accordingly, even effective internal controls over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation.  Furthermore, the effectiveness of internal controls can change with circumstances.  The Company has paid particular attention to segregation of duties matters surrounding its internal controls over financial reporting as the Company has only limited staff resources at the present time such that “ideal” segregation of duties is not feasible.  This risk is mitigated by management and Board review where appropriate.  At the present time, the Company does not anticipate hiring additional accounting or administrative staff as this is not considered necessary or practical and accordingly, will continue to rely on review procedures to detect potential misstatements in reporting of material to the public.
 
The Company’s management, including the CEO and CFO, believe that any internal controls over financial reporting, including those systems determined to be effective and no matter how well conceived and operated, have inherent limitations and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation.  Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, they cannot provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been prevented or detected.  These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake.  Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by unauthorized override of the control.  The design of any system of controls is also based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.  Accordingly, because of the inherent limitations in a cost effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.
 
ATTESTATION REPORT OF
REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
 
The Company is required to provide an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as at March 31, 2012.  In this report, the Company’s auditor, KPMG LLP, must state its opinion as to the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as at March 31, 2012.  KPMG LLP has audited the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting and has issued an attestation report on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting which is included in Exhibit 99.6.
 
As an “emerging growth company”, the Company is exempted from the requirement to include an auditor attestation report in this annual report.  However, some commentators have suggested that excluding an auditor attestation report may negatively impact on the issuer’s stock price.  For example, Orrick, a U.S. law firm, has noted: “The lack of an auditor attestation report could also negatively impact investor confidence, with a corresponding reduction in the value of a company’s securities, when compared to similar companies that provide such reports. Alternatively, some institutional investors may revise their investment guidelines in response to the JOBS Act and choose not to invest in public companies that do not include an auditor attestation of their internal controls. In addition, underwriting financial institutions may need to consider their due diligence procedures for Emerging Growth Companies in light of the absence of such reports.”  See http://www.orrick.com/fileupload/4619.pdf.

 
 

 
 

 
AUDIT COMMITTEE
 
The disclosure provided under “Audit Committee” on page 71 of exhibit 99.5, Annual Information Form of the Company, is incorporated by reference herein.  The Company’s Board of Directors has established a separately-designated Audit Committee of the Board in accordance with section 3(a)(58)(a) of the Exchange Act.
 
AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT
 
The Company’s Board of Directors has determined that Marcel de Groot, a member of the Audit Committee of the Board, is an audit committee financial expert (as that term is defined in Item 407 of Regulation S-K under the Exchange Act) and is an independent director under applicable laws and regulations and the requirements of the NYSE MKT Equities Exchange.
 
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
 
The disclosure provided under “Principal Accountant Fees and Services” on page 72 of Exhibit 99.5, Annual Information Form of the Company, is incorporated by reference herein.
 
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
 
The Company has not entered into any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on the Company’s financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues, expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to investors.
 
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
 
The disclosures provided under “Commitments and contingencies” on page 18 of Exhibit 99.7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis, is incorporated by reference herein.
 
 
CODE OF ETHICS
 
The disclosure provided under “Code of Ethics” on page 72 of Exhibit 99.5, Annual Information Form of the Company, is incorporated by reference herein.
 
NYSE MKT EQUITIES CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
 
The Company’s common shares are listed for trading on the NYSE MKT Equities Exchange (“NYSE MKT”). Section 110 of the NYSE MKT company guide permits NYSE MKT to consider the laws, customs and practices of foreign issuers in relaxing certain NYSE MKT listing criteria, and to grant exemptions from NYSE MKT listing criteria based on these considerations.  A company seeking relief under these provisions is required to provide written certification from independent local counsel that the non-complying practice is not prohibited by home country law.  A description of the significant ways in which the Company’s governance practices differ from those followed by domestic companies pursuant to NYSE MKT standards is contained on the Company’s website at www.keeganresources.com.
 
 
 

 
Upon listing, the Company received an exemption from its quorum requirements for meetings of shareholders.  Under the NYSE MKT listing standards, the quorum requirement is a minimum of one third of shareholders entitled to vote.  The Company does not meet this requirement and has been granted relief from this listing standard.
 
The Company’s common shares are listed for trading on the NYSE MKT Equities Exchange. Section 110 of the NYSE MKT company guide permits NYSE MKT to consider the laws, customs and practices of foreign issuers in relaxing certain NYSE MKT listing criteria, and to grant exemptions from NYSE MKT listing criteria based on these considerations.  A company seeking relief under these provisions is required to provide written certification from independent local counsel that the non-complying practice is not prohibited by home country law.
 
The Company’s governance practices also differ from those followed by U.S. domestic companies pursuant to NYSE MKT listing standards in the following manner:
 
Board Meetings
 
Section 802 (c) of the NYSE MKT Company Guide requires that the Board of Directors hold meetings on at least a quarterly basis. The Board of Directors of the Company is not required to meet on a quarterly basis under the laws of the Province of British Columbia.
 
Solicitation of Proxies
 
NYSE MKT requires the solicitation of proxies and delivery of proxy statements for all shareholder meetings, and requires that these proxies shall be solicited pursuant to a proxy statement that conforms to applicable SEC proxy rules. The Company is a foreign private issuer as defined in Rule 3b-4 under the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and the equity securities of the Company are accordingly exempt from the proxy rules set forth in Sections 14(a), 14(b), 14(c) and 14(f) of the Exchange Act. The Company solicits proxies in accordance with applicable rules and regulations in Canada.
 
Shareholders Approval for Dilutive Private Placement Financings
 
Section 713 of the NYSE MKT Company Guide requires that the Company obtain the approval of its shareholders for share issuances equal to 20 percent or more of presently outstanding shares for a price which is less than the greater of book or market value of the shares. This requirement does not apply to public offerings. There is no such requirement under British Columbia law or under the Company’s home stock exchange rules (Toronto Stock Exchange) unless the dilutive financing results in a change of control. The Company will seek a waiver from NYSE MKT’s section 713 requirements should a dilutive private placement financing trigger the NYSE MKT shareholders’ approval requirement in circumstances where the same financing does not trigger such a requirement under British Columbia law or under the Company’s home country stock exchange rules.
 
UNDERTAKING
 
The Registrant undertakes to make available, in person or by telephone, representatives to respond to inquiries made by the Commission staff, and to furnish promptly, when requested to do so by the Commission staff, information relating to: the securities registered pursuant to Form 40-F; the securities in relation to which the obligation to file an annual report on Form 40-F arises; or transactions in said securities.
 
 
 

 
CONSENT TO SERVICE OF PROCESS
 
The Company is filing with this annual report an Appointment of Agent for Service of Process and Undertaking on Form F-X signed by the Company and its agent for service of process with respect to the class of securities in relation to which the obligation to file this annual report arises.
 
SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Exchange Act, the Company certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 40-F and has duly caused this annual report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
Date:  June 29, 2012.
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.
 
      /s/ Gregory McCunn
 
By:      _______________                                                          
            Gregory McCunn
            Chief Financial Officer

 
 

 


 
EXHIBIT INDEX
 
Exhibit Number
Exhibit Description
99.1
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Exchange Act, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
   
99.2
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Exchange Act, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
   
99.3
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) of the Exchange Act and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
   
99.4
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) of the Exchange Act and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
   
99.5
Annual Information Form of the Company for the year ended March 31, 2012
   
99.6
Audited consolidated balance sheets as at March 31, 2012, March 31, 2011 and April 1, 2010 and the consolidated statements of comprehensive income, changes in equity, and cash flows for the years ended March 31, 2012 and March 31, 2011, including the notes thereto, and report of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm thereon
   
99.7
Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations for the year ended March 31, 2012
   
99.8
Consent of KPMG LLP
   
   
 

 


 
 

 

EX-99.1 2 ex99-1.htm CEO CERTIFICATION ex99-1.htm  

Exhibit 99.1
 
 
CERTIFICATION
 
 
I, Shawn Wallace, Chief Executive Officer of Keegan Resources Inc., certify that:
 
(1)
I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 40-F of Keegan Resources Inc. for the year ended March 31, 2012.
   
(2)
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report.
   
(3)
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the issuer as of, and for, the periods presented in this report.
   
(4)
The issuer’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 (e) and 15d-15 (e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the issuer and have:

 
(a)
designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the issuer, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
     
 
(b)
designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
     
 
(c)
evaluated the effectiveness of the issuer’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
     
 
(d)
disclosed in this report any change in the issuer’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the issuer’s internal control over financial reporting.

(5)
The issuer’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting, to the issuer’s auditors and the audit committee of issuer’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
     
 
(a)
all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the issuer’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
     
 
(b)
any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the issuer’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:
June 28, 2012
 
     
By:
“Shawn Wallace”
 
     
Name:
Shawn Wallace
 
Title:
Chief Executive Officer
 

 
EX-99.2 3 ex99-2.htm CFO CERTIFICATION ex99-2.htm  

Exhibit 99.2
 
 
CERTIFICATION
 
I, Gregory McCunn, Chief Financial Officer of Keegan Resources Inc., certify that:
 
(1)
I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 40-F of Keegan Resources Inc. for the year ended March 31, 2012.
   
(2)
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report.
   
(3)
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the issuer as of, and for, the periods presented in this report.
   
(4)
The issuer’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 (e) and 15d-15 (e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the issuer and have:

 
(a)
designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the issuer, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
     
 
(b)
designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
     
 
(c)
evaluated the effectiveness of the issuer’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
     
 
(d)
disclosed in this report any change in the issuer’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the issuer’s internal control over financial reporting.

(5)
The issuer’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting, to the issuer’s auditors and the audit committee of issuer’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
     
 
(a)
all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the issuer’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
     
 
(b)
any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the issuer’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:
June 28, 2012
 
     
By:
 “Gregory McCunn”
 
     
Name:
Gregory McCunn
 
Title:
Chief Financial Officer
 
 

 
EX-99.3 4 ex993.htm SARBANES-OXLEY CERTIFICATION CEO ex993.htm  

Exhibit 99.3
 
 
CERTIFICATION
PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
 
I, Shawn Wallace, Chief Executive Officer of Keegan Resources Inc. (the “Company”), hereby certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of my knowledge:
 
(i)
the Annual Report on Form 40-F of the Company for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2012 (the “Annual Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and
   
(ii)
the information contained in the Annual Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

 
By:
“Shawn Wallace”
     
 
Name:
Shawn Wallace
 
Title:
Chief Executive Officer
     
 
Date:
June 28, 2012
 
EX-99.4 5 ex99-4.htm SARBANES-OXLEY CERTIFICATION CFO ex99-4.htm  

Exhibit 99.4
 
 
CERTIFICATION
PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
 
I, Gregory McCunn, Chief Financial Officer of Keegan Resources Inc. (the “Company”), hereby certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of my knowledge:
 
 
(i)
the Annual Report on Form 40-F of the Company for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2012 (the “Annual Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and
     
 
(ii)
the information contained in the Annual Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

 
By:
“Gregory McCunn”
     
 
Name:
Gregory McCunn
 
Title:
Chief Financial Officer
     
 
Date:
June 28, 2012
 
 
EX-99.5 6 ex99-5.htm ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM ex99-5.htm

Exhibit 99.5
 
 
 
 
 
Keegan Resources Inc.


ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM





FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 2012

DATED AS OF JUNE 28, 2012







700 – 1199 WEST HASTINGS STREET
VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA
V6E 3T5
 
 
 
 

 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS

 
 
 PRELIMINARY NOTES   2
   
 CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS  2
   
 DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE  4
   
 CORPORATE STRUCTURE  5
   
 NAME, ADDRESS AND INCORPORATION  5
 INTER-CORPORATE RELATIONSHIPS  6
   
 GENERAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE BUSINESS  7
   
 BUSINESS DESCRIPTION   10
   
 GENERAL  10
 RISK FACTORS  14
   
 MINERAL PROJECTS  23
   
 ESAASE GOLD PROPERTY  23
 THE ASUMURA PROPERTY  59
   
 DIVIDENDS  63
   
 DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE  63
   
 COMMON SHARES 63
 STOCK OPTIONS  64
   
 MARKET FOR SECURITIES 64
   
 TRADING PRICE AND VOLUME  64
 PRIOR SALES  65
   
 ESCROWED SECURITIES 65
   
 DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS 66
   
 NAME, OCCUPATION AND SECURITY HOLDING  66
 CEASE TRADE ORDERS, BANKRUPTCIES, PENALTIES OR SANCTIONS  67
 CONFLICTS OF INTEREST  68
   
 LEGAL PROCEEDINGS AND REGULATORY ACTIONS 68 
   
 INTEREST OF MANAGEMENT AND OTHERS IN MATERIAL TRANSACTIONS 69 
   
 TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR  69 
   
 MATERIAL CONTRACTS 69 
   
 INTERESTS OF EXPERTS 69 
   
 CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES 70 
   
 AUDIT COMMITTEE, CODE OF ETHICS, ACCOUNTANT FEES AND EXEMPTIONS 71 
   
 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 72 
 
 
 

- 2 -
 
PRELIMINARY NOTES
In this Annual Information Form (the “AIF”), (i) references to “we”, “us”, “our”, the “Company” or “Keegan” mean Keegan Resources Inc. and its subsidiaries, unless the context requires otherwise; (ii) we use the United States dollar as our reporting currency and, unless otherwise specified, all dollar amounts are expressed in United States dollars and references to “$” mean United States dollar and references to “C$” mean Canadian dollar; and (iii) our financial statements are prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”); and (iv) this is the first time that the Company has prepared its financial statements in accordance with IFRS. Previously, the Company prepared its annual consolidated financial statements in accordance with Canadian Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”); and (v) Note 21 describes the impact of the transition to IFRS on the Company’s reported financial position and financial performance, including the nature and effect of significant changes in accounting policies from those used in its GAAP consolidated financial statements as at April 1, 2010 and March 31, 2011, and for the year ended March 31, 2011.

All information in this AIF is at March 31, 2012, unless otherwise indicated.
 
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
 
Keegan cautions readers regarding forward looking statements found in this document and in any other statement made by, or on the behalf of the Company.  Such statements may constitute “forward looking information” within the meaning of United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and applicable Canadian securities legislation.  Forward- looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements with respect to the future price of gold, the estimation of Mineral Reserves (as defined below) and Mineral Resources (as defined below), the realization of Mineral Reserve estimates, the timing and amount of estimated future production, costs of production, capital expenditures, costs and timing of the development of new deposits, success of exploration activities, permitting time lines, hedging practices, currency exchange rate fluctuations, requirements for additional capital, government regulation of mining operations, environmental risks, unanticipated reclamation expenses, timing and possible outcome of pending litigation, title disputes or claims and limitations on insurance coverage.

Forward-looking statements are statements not based on historical information and which relate to future operations, strategies, financial results or other developments.  Forward looking statements are necessarily based upon estimates and assumptions, which are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond Keegan’s control and many of which, regarding future business decisions, are subject to change. These uncertainties and contingencies can affect actual results and could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward looking statements made by or on the Company’s behalf.  Although Keegan has attempted to identify important factors that could cause actual actions, events or results to differ materially from those described in forward-looking statements, there may be other factors that cause actions, events or results to differ from those anticipated, estimated or intended.  All factors should be considered carefully and readers should not place undue reliance on Keegan’s forward-looking statements. Examples of such forward-looking statements within this AIF include statements relating to: the future price of minerals, future capital expenditures, success of exploration activities, mining or processing issues, government regulation of mining operations and environmental risks.  Generally, forward-looking information can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “expects”, “estimates”, “anticipates”, or variations of such words and phrases or statements that certain actions, events or results “may”, “could”, “might” or “occur”.  Forward-looking statements are made based on management’s beliefs, estimates and opinions and are given only as of the date of this AIF. The Company undertakes no obligation to update forward-looking information if these beliefs, estimates and opinions or other circumstances should change, except as may be required by applicable law.

 
 

- 3 -
 
The Company’s management reviews periodically information reflected in forward-looking statements. The Company has and continues to disclose in its Management’s Discussion and Analysis and other publicly filed documents, changes to material factors or assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements and to the validity of the statements themselves, in the period the changes occur.
 
Forward-looking statements reflect Keegan’s current views with respect to expectations, beliefs, assumptions, estimates and forecasts about the Company’s business and the industry and markets in which the Company operates. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions, which are difficult to predict. Assumptions underlying the Company’s expectations regarding forward-looking statements or information contained in this AIF include, among others, the Company’s ability to comply with applicable governmental regulations and standards, the Company’s success in implementing its strategies, achieving the Company’s business objectives, the Company’s ability to raise sufficient funds from equity financings in future to support its operations, and general business and economic conditions. The foregoing list of assumptions is not exhaustive.
 
Persons reading this AIF are cautioned that forward-looking statements are only predictions, and that the Company’s actual future results or performance are subject to certain risks and uncertainties including:
 
·  
risks associated with outstanding litigation;
 
·  
risks associated with project development;
 
·  
risks related to the need for additional financing;
 
·  
operational risks associated with mining and mineral processing;
 
·  
risks associated with fluctuations in metal prices;
 
·  
risks associated with title matters;
 
·  
uncertainties and risks related to carrying on business in foreign countries;
 
·  
risks associated with environmental liability claims and insurance;
 
·  
risks associated with reliance on key personnel;
 
·  
the potential for conflicts of interest among certain officer, directors or promoters of the registrant with certain other projects;
 
·  
risks associated with the absence of dividends;
 
·  
risks associated with currency fluctuations;
 
·  
risks associated with competition;
 
·  
risks associated with dilution;
 
·  
risks associated with the volatility of the Company’s common share price and volume;
 
·  
risks associated with tax consequences to U.S. Shareholders; and
 
 
 

- 4 -
 
·  
other factors described under the heading “Risk Factors” in this AIF.
 
NOTE TO US READERS - DIFFERENCES REGARDING THE DEFINITIONS OF RESOURCE
 AND RESERVE ESTIMATES IN THE U.S. AND CANADA  
   
Mineral Reserve
The terms “mineral reserve,” “proven mineral reserve” and “probable mineral reserve” used in Keegan Resources Inc.’s (“Keegan” or the “Company”) disclosure are Canadian mining terms that are defined in accordance with National Instrument 43-101 - Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects (“NI 43-101”) under the guidelines set out in the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum (the “CIM”) Best Practice Guidelines for the Estimation of Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserves (the “CIM Standards”), adopted by the CIM Council on November 23, 2003. These definitions differ from the definitions in the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) Industry Guide 7 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). Under Industry Guide 7 standards, mineralization may not be classified as a “reserve” unless the determination has been made that the mineralization could be economically and legally produced or extracted at the time the reserve determination is made.  Under Industry Guide 7 standards, a “final” or “bankable” feasibility study is required to report reserves, the three-year historical average price is used in any reserve or cash flow analysis to designate reserves and the primary environmental analysis or report must be filed with the appropriate governmental authority.
 
   
Mineral Resource
The terms “mineral resource,” “measured mineral resource,” “indicated mineral resource” and “inferred mineral resource” used in the Registrant’s disclosure are Canadian mining terms that are defined in accordance with NI 43-101 under the guidelines set out in the CIM Standards; however, these terms are not defined terms under Industry Guide 7 and are normally not permitted to be used in reports and registration statements filed with the SEC.  Investors are cautioned not to assume that any part or all of mineral deposits in these categories will ever be converted into reserves.  “Inferred mineral resources” have a great amount of uncertainty as to their existence, and great uncertainty as to their economic feasibility.  It cannot be assumed that all or any part of an inferred mineral resource will ever be upgraded to a higher category.  Under Canadian rules, estimates of inferred mineral resources may not form the basis of feasibility or pre-feasibility studies, except in rare cases.  Investors are cautioned not to assume that all or any part of an inferred mineral resource exists or is economically mineable.
 
Accordingly, information contained in this report containing descriptions of the Company’s mineral deposits may not be comparable to similar information made public by U.S. companies subject to the reporting and disclosure requirements under the United States federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder.
 
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
 
This AIF should be read in conjunction with the following documents, which are incorporated by reference and form part of this AIF, which is prepared in accordance with Form 51-102F2 Annual Information Form. These documents may be accessed using the System for Electronic Documents Analysis and Retrieval (“SEDAR”) on the Internet at www.sedar.com.
 
·  
Annual consolidated financial statements and notes to them for the years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011.
 
 
 

- 5 -
 
·  
Management discussion and analysis of the Company’s consolidated financial results as at and for the year ended March 31, 2012.
 
·  
The Notice of Meeting and Management Information Circular dated as of August 19, 2011 (the “Information Circular”) regarding the annual general meeting of shareholders of the Company held on September 27, 2011, and filed on SEDAR on September 1, 2011.
 
·  
The short form prospectus dated and filed on SEDAR on February 11, 2011 with regard to the Company’s offering of 24,700,000 common shares of the Company at a price of $7.50 per common share for gross proceeds of $185,250,000 (the “Prospectus”).
 
·  
Technical report dated September 22, 2011, titled “Esaase Gold Project, Ghana / 43-101 Technical Report” prepared by qualified persons Brian Wolfe, B Sc Hons (Geol), Post Grad Cert (Geostats), (MAusIMM), Christopher Waller, B AppSc (MAusIMM), and Harry Warries, M Eng (MAusIMM), as required under National Instrument 43-010, Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects, (“NI 43-101”), filed on SEDAR on November 4, 2011 (the “43-101 Report”).
 
·  
Technical report dated December 16, 2010 and amended February 4, 2011, titled “Esaase, Ghana, West Africa / Esaase Gold Deposit Resource Estimation Update incorporating the May 2010 Preliminary Economic Assessment” prepared by qualified persons Brian Wolfe, B Sc Hons (Geol), Post Grad Cert (Geostats), (MAusIMM), Christopher Waller, B AppSc (MAusIMM), and Harry Warries, M Eng (MAusIMM), as required under National Instrument 43-010, Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects, (“NI 43-101”), filed on SEDAR on February 9, 2011 (the “Esaase Gold Deposit Resource Estimation Update incorporating the May 2010 Preliminary Economic Assessment Report”).
 
·  
Technical report dated December 16, 2010, titled “Esaase, Ghana, West Africa / Esaase Gold Deposit Resource Estimation” prepared by qualified persons Brian Wolfe, B Sc Hons (Geol), Post Grad Cert (Geostats), (MAusIMM), Christopher Waller, B AppSc (MAusIMM), and Harry Warries, M Eng (MAusIMM), as required under National Instrument 43-010, Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects, (“NI 43-101”), filed on SEDAR on January 12, 2011 (the “Esaase Gold Deposit Resource Estimation Report”).
 
CORPORATE STRUCTURE
 
Name, Address and Incorporation
 
The Company was incorporated as “Quicksilver Ventures Inc.” on September 23, 1999 under the Company Act (British Columbia) (now the British Columbia Business Corporation Act). Pursuant to a resolution passed at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company that was held on August 13, 2004, the Company changed its name from Quicksilver Ventures Inc. to Keegan Resources Inc.  The Company’s registered and records office is located at 1500 Royal Centre, 1055 West Georgia Street, P.O. Box 11117, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6E 4N7.  The Company’s head office is located at Suite 700-1199 West Hastings Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6E 3T5.  Keegan is a reporting issuer in British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland.
 
On January 2, 2008, the Company’s common shares began trading on the American Stock Exchange (now the NYSE MKT Equities Exchange). On December 22, 2008, the Company graduated from the TSX Venture Exchange (the “TSX-V”) to the Toronto Stock Exchange (the “TSX”) and commenced trading under the trading symbol “KGN”.
 
 
 

- 6 -
 
Inter-corporate Relationships
 
The Company has a 90% ownership of Keegan Resources Ghana Limited, incorporated under the laws of Ghana, through it’s two wholly owned subsidiaries, Keegan International (Barbados) Inc. and Keegan Ghana (Barbados) Inc., incorporated under the laws of Barbados.
Graphic
Figure 1. Organizational chart as at March 31, 2012 and June 26, 2012
 
 
 

- 7 -
 
GENERAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE BUSINESS
 
Corporate Development
 
Keegan became a public company on June 22, 2001 as a “Capital Pool Company”.
 
Under the TSX-V Policy 2.4, a company with only minimal working capital is allowed to list on the TSX-V for the purposes of negotiating an acquisition of, or the participation in, assets or businesses, known as a Qualifying Transaction (“QT”). Such companies are classified as a “Capital Pool Company”, or “CPC”, and are governed by a specific set of rules and regulations.
 
The sole purpose of a CPC is to identify and evaluate existing businesses or assets for possible acquisition, which if acquired, would provide the company for a full listing on the TSX-V. The only business a CPC is allowed to conduct prior to its Initial Public Offering and listing on the TSX-V is to prepare for its offering. This typically consists of raising a limited amount of seed capital, establishing a management team and board of directors, as well as hiring professionals to assist in the offering, including an auditor, legal counsel, and an agent for the offering.
 
As Keegan had not completed a “QT” by December 2003, the directors of the Company scheduled an extraordinary general meeting of its shareholders to request shareholder approval to the proposed listing of Keegan’s shares on the NEX Exchange. The NEX Exchange is a separate board of the TSX-V for companies previously listed on the TSX-V or the TSX, which have failed to maintain compliance with the ongoing financial listing standards of either of these stock exchanges. Shareholder approval was obtained and Keegan’s common shares began trading on the NEX Exchange on February 12, 2004.
 
On September 7, 2004, Keegan entered into agreements with the Hunter Dickinson Group, Inc. (“HDG”), Anaconda Gold Corp. and Barrick Gold Exploration Inc. whereby it acquired the right to earn an interest in the Horse Mountain Project located in Nevada.
 
On January 31, 2005, Keegan announced that the TSX-V had accepted the transaction pertaining to the Horse Mountain Project as the “Qualifying Transaction” for the Company and that it no longer considered Keegan to be a Capital Pool Company.  Keegan was reclassified by the TSX-V as a “Gold Ore Mining” company.  On March 1, 2005, the Company began trading on the TSX-V under the name “Keegan Resources Inc.” with the stock symbol of “KGN”.
 
On March 11, 2005, Keegan announced that it had entered into an option agreement with GTE Ventures Limited, an unrelated privately held Ghanaian company, to acquire the Asumura gold project located in West Ghana (the “Asumura Property”).  The option agreement allowed Keegan to acquire 100% of the private interest in the Asumura Property, subject to a 3.5% net smelter return (“NSR”) royalty, 50% of which could be purchased by Keegan for US$2,000,000, Keegan’s interest could be earned by performing work expenditures totaling US$1,000,000, delivering cash payments totaling US$100,000 and delivering shares of Keegan totaling US$100,000 in value over a period of three years.  During the year ended March 31, 2008, the Company acquired an option to purchase the remaining 50% of the NSR royalty for an additional US$4,000,000.  Keegan’s interest in the Asumura Property is also subject to the government of Ghana’s 10% carried interest. See “Item 4.D Property, Plant and Equipment - Asumura Property”.
 
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006, management announced that it had decided not to pursue the Company’s option to earn an interest in the Horse Mountain Claims and, as a result, $1,018,587 in acquisition and deferred exploration expenditures associated with the property were written-off. Management took this action because, due to limited financial resources, it determined to concentrate the Company’s efforts on its Ghana properties.
 
 
 

- 8 -
 
On May 3, 2006, Keegan entered into an option agreement, as amended on June 1, 2006, to purchase a 100% interest in the mining lease for the “Esaase Concession” on the Company’s material property in Ghana, known as the “Esaase Property”, subject to certain royalties and government obligations (see “Item 4.D Property, Plant and Equipment - Esaase Gold Property”). Under this option agreement, Keegan made payments of US$700,000 during 2006 and 2007, including an advance payment of US$200,000 due upon production at the Esaase Property.  Keegan also agreed to issue 780,000 common shares over a three year period, and 40,000 shares were issued in 2006. The balance of the shares to be issued under the option agreement was renegotiated, and a tripartite agreement was signed on May 29, 2007 (see “Item 4.D Property, Plant and Equipment - Esaase Gold Property”).  In June 2006, the Company entered into an agreement whereby the Company paid US$10,000 and issued 4,000 common shares to Eric Ewen as a finder's fee with respect to the acquisition of Esaase Concession.  In May 2007, the Company paid another finder's fee of US$85,000 and issued 4,000 common shares to Eric Ewen in connection with the renegotiation of the option agreement.
 
In 2007, Keegan terminated its interests under two option agreements that it had entered into in 2005 with respect to mineral properties in Nevada, in order to focus on its properties in Ghana.  During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006, Keegan had terminated its option on a third mineral property in Nevada, also acquired in 2005, after the results of preliminary exploration work indicated that further work was not warranted on the property.
 
In March 2008, Keegan acquired a 100% interest in the mining lease for the Jeni River Concession for consideration of US$50,000 to the Bonte Liquidation Committee and US$50,000 paid to the Minerals Commission of Ghana to transfer title, subject to a 3.5% NSR royalty and the government of Ghana’s 10% carried interest (see “Item 4.D Property, Plant and Equipment - Esaase Property”).
 
During the year ended March 31, 2011, the Company made a payment of $600,000 plus certain acquisition costs to acquire a 100% interest in the Dawohodo prospecting concession, a mineral concession adjacent to the Esaase Gold property, and accrued a further $500,000 payable pursuant to this agreement. The $500,000 was paid during the year ended March 31, 2012.
 
On December 1, 2011, the Company entered into a purchase agreement with Tetollas Mining Enterprise to acquire an 100% interest in the Asuowin Concession situated contiguous to and directly south of the Esaase Gold property. In accordance with the purchase agreement, the Company made payments totaling $400,000 in exchange for the transfer of title.
 
During the year ended March 31, 2012, the Company paid $110,000 pursuant to an option agreement with Sky Gold Mines Limited (“SGM”) whereby the Company was granted the exclusive option by SGM to acquire 100% interest in a four-part concession adjacent to the Esaase Gold property. The concession is subject to a 2% net smelter returns royalty (“NSR”) payable to SGM. Pursuant to the agreement the Company is required to make staged payments totaling $150,000 in addition to the total of $250,000 already paid, and issue in stages a total of 40,000 shares of the Company. In July 2011, the Company received Ministerial approval of the option agreement and in January 2012 issued 20,000 shares of the Company at a cost of $156,009. The remaining 20,000 shares will be issued at the Company’s option, in 10,000 share tranches on the second and third anniversaries of this option agreement.

On September 22, 2011 the Company announced the results of a Pre-Feasibility Study (“PFS”).  Highlights of the PFS are as follows:
 
-  
2.6 million ounces of gold produced over a 10.2 year mine life.
-  
Plant capacity of 7.5 million tonnes per annum, with capacity to treat 9.0 million tonnes per year in early years of production when processing 100% oxide ore.
 
 
 

- 9 -
 
-  
330,000 oz gold produced in Year 1, with a Life of Mine (“LOM”) average of 258,000 oz/yr.
-  
$639 million after-tax Net Present Value (“NPV”) discounted at 5% and an Internal Rate of Return (“IRR”) of 32% (100% equity basis at $1,500/oz gold revenue applied to a $1,150/oz gold pit shell).
-  
Capital cost of $506 million, utilizing a leased mining fleet. Cash costs of $693/oz gold produced including leasing costs for mining equipment (approximately $55/oz).
 
Based on the positive results of the PFS, a portion of the Measured and Indicated Mineral Resources were converted to Proven and Probable (“P&P") Mineral Reserves with highlights as follows:
 
-  
Total P&P Reserves of 79.4 million tonnes grading 1.1 g/t gold and containing 2.88 million ounces of gold (based on $1,150/oz gold pit shell).

Following the completion of the PFS, the Company continued to advance a Definitive Feasibility Study (“DFS”) based on the same project scope as the PFS.  In May 2012 the Company decided to defer work on the DFS as the macro economic situation and world equity markets deteriorated to the point where the Company felt that financing options available for the project were not accretive to shareholders.

In June 2012, the Company re-focused its development plan for Esaase looking at a staged development concept for the project, which could include:
-  
an improved mine plan featuring higher grade feed to the processing plant and a lower strip ratio in the early years of the mine life, and
-  
an initial processing plant with a reduced capacity and improved process design to substantially reduce the upfront capital requirements for the project.

The Company has engaged Minxcon and DRA, both South African based consultancy firms, to review the mine plan and processing plant design, respectively.
 
Financings
 
The Company has financed its operations through funds raised in public/private placements of common shares and shares issued upon exercise of stock options and share purchase warrants. Over the past three fiscal years, the Company raised funds through the issuance of the following common shares:
 
Fiscal Year
 
 
Nature of Share Issuance
 
Number of Shares
 
Amount
 
Fiscal 2010
 
Bought deal share offering, net of share issue costs
    8,000,000   $ 16,158,671  
   
Brokered private placement, net of share issue costs
    7,015,000   $ 37,045,855  
   
Exercise of share purchase warrants
    162,667   $ 478,197  
   
Exercise of share purchase options
    1,289,903   $ 2,172,064  
                   
Fiscal 2011
 
Bought deal share offering, net of share issue costs
    28,405,000   $ 205,278,353  
   
Exercise of share purchase warrants
    237,333   $ 724,373  
   
Exercise of share purchase options
    1,195,132   $ 3,617,373  
                   
Fiscal 2012   Exercise of share purchase options        641,250   $ 2,331,271  
                                                                                                                              
 
 

- 10 -
 
Capital Expenditures
 
The Company’s principal capital expenditures (there have been no material divestitures) over the three fiscal years ended March 31 are as follows:
 
Year
Resource property acquisition costs
Deferred development costs
Plant and equipment
Total
2010
$nil
$nil
$675,679
$675,679
2011 $1,181,982  $nil  $1,016,630  $2,198,612
2012
$2,166,009
$11,830,057
$1,721,250
$15,717,316
 
Exploration and Evaluation Expenditures
 
The Company’s exploration and evaluation expenditures over the three fiscal years ended March 31 are as follows:

Year
     
2010
  $ 9,439,434  
2011
  $ 26,114,646  
2012   $ 18,414,774  
 
 
BUSINESS DESCRIPTION
 
General
 
Keegan is a natural resource company currently engaged in the acquisition and exploration of mineral resources in West Ghana.
 
Our Properties
 
Keegan’s mineral properties are in the exploration and development stage. Keegan’s primary property is the Esaase project where on September 22, 2011, the Company published the results of its preliminary feasibility study whereby it was able to establish proven and probable mineral reserves. The Company is focused on advancing the Esaase Gold Project through definitive feasibility and to commercial production. In addition to its principal project, the Company holds a portfolio of other Ghanaian gold concessions in various stages of exploration.
 
The Company’s material properties currently consist of the Asumura Property and the Esaase Property, both in West Ghana, Africa.  See Item 4.D “Property, Plant and Equipment” below for more information relating to these properties.

 
 

- 11 -
 
Plan of Operations
 
Keegan’s plan of operations for fiscal 2013 is to:
 
(a)  
re-focus its development plan for Esaase looking at a staged development concept for the project, by reviewing the mine plan and the processing plant design;

(b)  
continue working with local communities, the Ghanaian government and the EPA to both advance community relations and the permitting of the Esaase project.
 
Source of Funds for Fiscal 2013
 
Keegan’s primary source of funds since incorporation has been through the issuance of common shares.
 
As at March 31, 2012, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $197,608,106. The Company believes it currently has sufficient working capital on hand to meet its expected capital requirements for fiscal 2013 and 2014.  Additional funds may be received through the exercise of currently outstanding common stock warrants and options or through the sale of additional common shares either as a private placement or public common stock offering.
 
Additional capital may also be obtained through the exercise of outstanding share purchase options and share purchase warrants. There is no guarantee, however, that any of these share purchase options and share purchase warrants will be exercised.
 
Keegan has sufficient funds to pursue its business plans for the next 24 months.  Additional financing will be required going forward.  However, there can be no assurance that any such financing will be obtained.
 
Use of Funds for Fiscal 2013
 
For the Fiscal 2013, the Company has budgeted $15.4 for the nine months ended December 31, 2012 for general and administrative expenses and property development, exploration and acquisition costs predominantly on the Esaase gold project.
 
The Company intends to change its year-end from March 31, 2013 to December 31, 2012 and therefore has budget for the nine-month period as opposed to twelve.
 
Anticipated Changes to Facilities/Employees
 
Management of Keegan does not anticipate adding or reducing it current employee level or facilities in the near future as the Company advances the development of its Esaase Gold project.
 
In May 2012, the Company deferred work on its definitive feasibility study due to the macro-economic situation and its effect on the ability of companies to finance large capital-intensive projects. As a result, the Company laid-off approximately 75 staff primary in Ghana to conserve cash as it reviews strategic alternatives.
 
 
 

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Material Effects of Government Regulations
 
The current and anticipated future operations of Keegan including further exploration activities and potential mine development, require permits from various Ghanaian governmental agencies.  Such operations are subject to various laws governing land use, the protection of the environment, production, exports, taxes, labor standards, occupational health, waste disposal, toxic substances, well safety and other matters.  Unfavorable amendments to current laws, regulations and permits governing operations and activities of resource exploration companies, or more stringent implementation thereof, could have a materially adverse impact on Keegan and cause increases in capital expenditures which could result in a cessation of operations by Keegan.  Keegan has had no material costs related to compliance and/or permits in recent years, and anticipates no material costs in the next year, apart from those related to mine development which have not been fully assessed at this time.
 
Specialized Skill and Knowledge
 
Various aspects of the Company’s mining business require specialized skills and knowledge. Such skills and knowledge include the areas of permitting, geology, drilling, metallurgy, logistical planning and implementation of exploration programs as well as finance and accounting. Much of the specialized skill and knowledge is provided by the Company’s management team and board of directors. The Company also retains outside consultants as additional specialized skills and knowledge are required. However, it is possible that delays and increased costs may be experienced by the Company in locating and/or retaining skilled and knowledgeable employees and consultants in order to proceed with its planned exploration and development at its mineral properties.
 
Competitive Conditions
 
Keegan competes with other mineral resource exploration companies for financing, for the acquisition of new mineral properties and for the recruitment and retention of qualified employees and other personnel.  Many of the mineral resource exploration and development companies with which Keegan competes have greater financial and technical resources.  Accordingly, these competitors may be able to spend greater amounts on acquisitions of mineral properties of merit, on exploration of their mineral properties and on development of their mineral properties.  In addition, they may be able to afford more geological expertise in the targeting and exploration of mineral properties.  This competition could result in competitors having mineral properties of greater quality and interest to prospective investors who may finance additional exploration and development.  This competition could have an adverse impact on our ability to finance further exploration and to achieve the financing necessary for us to develop our properties.
 
Cycles
 
The mining business is subject to mineral price cycles. The marketability of minerals and mineral concentrates is also affected by worldwide economic cycles. At the present time, the significant demand for minerals in many countries is driving increased commodity prices, but it is difficult to assess how long such demand may continue.  Fluctuations in supply and demand in various regions throughout the world are common.
 
As Keegan’s operations and exploration business is in the development stage, Keegan’s revenues, if any, are not currently significantly affected by changes in commodity demand and prices. As it does not carry on production activities, Keegan’s ability to fund ongoing exploration and development is affected by the availability of financing which, in turn, is affected by the strength of the economy and other general economic factors.
 
 
 

- 13 -
 
Economic Dependence
 
The Company’s business is not substantially dependent on any contract such as a contract to sell the major part of its product or services or to purchase the major part of its requirements for goods, services or its raw materials, or any franchise or license or other agreement to use a patent, formula, trade secret, process or trade name upon which its business depends.
 
Changes to Contracts
 
Keegan does not anticipate that it will be affected in the current financial year by renegotiation or termination of contracts that could materially affect the Company’s business plan.
 
Environmental Protection
 
The Company’s properties are subject to stringent laws and regulations governing environmental quality. Such laws and regulations can increase the cost of planning, designing, installing and operating facilities on our properties. However, it is anticipated that, absent the occurrence of an extraordinary event, compliance with existing laws and regulations governing the release of materials in the environment or otherwise relating to the protection of the environment, will not have a material effect upon the Company’s current operations, capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position.
 
Employees
 
Keegan currently has approximately 165 full time employees. No management functions of the Company are performed to any substantial degree by a person other than the directors and officers of the Company.
 
Foreign Operations
 
All of the Company’s operations are currently conducted in a foreign jurisdiction, Ghana, and, as such, the Company’s operations are exposed to various levels of political, economic and other such risks and uncertainties as:  military repression; extreme fluctuations in currency exchange rates; high rates of inflation; labour unrest; war or civil unrest; expropriation and nationalization; renegotiation or nullification of existing concessions, licenses, permits and contracts; illegal mining; changes in taxation policies; restrictions on foreign exchange and repatriation; and changing political conditions, currency controls and governmental regulations that favour or require the awarding of contracts to local contractors or require foreign contractors to employ citizens of, or purchase supplies from, a particular jurisdiction.
 
In the past, Ghana has been subject to political instability, changes and uncertainties, which may cause changes to existing governmental regulations affecting mineral exploration and mining activities. Ghana’s status as a developing country may make it more difficult for the Company to obtain any required financing for its projects.
 
Keegan’s operations and properties are subject to a variety of governmental regulations governing worker health and safety, employment standards, waste disposal, protection of historic and archaeological sites, mine development, protection of endangered and protected species and other matters.
 
Keegan’s mineral exploration and develpoment activities in Ghana may be adversely affected in varying degrees by changing government regulations relating to the mining industry or shifts in political conditions that increase the costs related to the Company’s activities or the maintenance of its properties.
 
 
 

- 14 -
 
Changes, if any, in mining or investment policies or shifts in political attitude may adversely affect the Company’s operations and financial condition. Operations may be affected in varying degrees by government regulations with respect to, but not limited to, restrictions on production, price controls, export controls, currency remittance, income and other taxes, expropriation of property, foreign investment, maintenance of claims, environmental legislation, land use, land claims of local people, water use and mine safety.
 
Failure to comply strictly with applicable laws, regulations and local practices relating to mineral right applications and tenure could result in loss, reduction or expropriation of entitlements, or the imposition of additional local or foreign parties as joint venture partners with carried or other interests.
 
The occurrence of these various factors and uncertainties cannot be accurately predicted and could have an adverse effect on the Company’s operations and financial condition. Future changes in applicable laws and regulations or changes in their enforcement or regulatory interpretation could negatively impact current or planned exploration and development activities on the Esaase Property or in respect of any other projects in which the Company becomes involved. Any failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations, even if inadvertent, could result in the interruption of exploration and development operations or material fines, penalties or other liabilities.
 
Risk Factors
 
An investment in securities of the Company involves significant risks, which should be carefully considered by prospective investors before purchasing such securities. Management of the Company considers the following risks to be most significant for potential investors in the Company, but such risks do not necessarily comprise all those associated with an investment in the Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to management of the Company may also have an adverse effect on the Company’s business. If any of these risks actually occur, the Company’s business, financial condition, capital resources, results and/or future operations could be materially adversely affected.
 
In addition to the other information set forth elsewhere in this AIF, the following risk factors should be carefully considered when considering risks related to Keegan’s business.
 
Risks Relating to Our Business
 
Quantitative Information about Market Risk
 
Market risk represents the risk of changes in the value of a financial instrument caused by fluctuations in interest rates, foreign exchange rates, commodity prices and equity prices.
 
As at March 31, 2012, the Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, and accounts payable and accrued liabilities. Unless otherwise noted, it is management’s opinion that the Company is not exposed to significant credit, liquidity, or market risks arising from these financial instruments. The risk exposure is summarized as follows:
 
(a)     Credit risk
 
Credit risk is the risk of an unexpected loss if a customer or a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations. The Company is subject to credit risk on the cash and cash equivalent balances at banks in each of Canada and Ghana. The majority of the Company’s cash is held in Canadian based banking institutions, authorized under the Bank Act (Canada) to accept deposits. As at March 31, 2012, the receivables excluding refundable sales tax consist primarily of interest receivable of $112,638 (March 31, 2011 - $72,423) and other receivables of $7,825 (March 31, 2011 - $23,393), neither of which are considered past due.
 
 
 

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(b)     Liquidity risk
 
The Company’s approach to managing liquidity is to ensure that it will have sufficient liquidity to settle obligations and liabilities when due. As at March 31, 2012 the Company had a cash and cash equivalents balance of $197,608,106 (March 31, 2011 – $236,329,452) to settle current liabilities of $4,813,773 (March 31, 2011 - $5,236,343) that mainly consist of accounts payable that are considered short term and expected to be settled within 30 days.
 
(c)     Market risk
 
(i)      Interest rate risk
 
Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates.
 
The Company’s cash and cash equivalents attract interest at floating rates and have maturities of 90 days or less  or maturity over ninety days but redeemable on demand without penalty. The interest is typical of Canadian banking rates, which are at present low, however the conservative investment strategy mitigates the risk of deterioration to the investment. A sensitivity analysis suggests that a change of 100 basis points in the interest rates would result in a corresponding increase or decrease in loss for the year ended March 31, 2012 of approximately $1,976,081 (year ended March 31, 2011 - $2,363,294).
 
(ii)    Foreign currency risk
 
The Company is exposed to the financial risk related to the fluctuation of foreign exchange rates. The Company has offices in Canada and Ghana and holds cash in Canadian, United States and Ghanaian Cedi currencies in line with forecasted expenditures.
 
A significant change in the currency exchange rates between the US dollar relative to Canadian dollar (“CAD”), Ghanaian Cedi and the Australian dollar (“AUS”) could have an effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or cash flows. At March 31, 2012 and March 31, 2011, the Company had no hedging agreements in place with respect to foreign exchange rates.
 
The Company is exposed to currency risk through the following financial assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies, expressed below in US dollar equivalents:

   
March 31, 2012
   
March 31, 2011
 
   
CAD
   
Ghana Cedis
   
AUD
   
CAD
   
Ghana Cedis
   
AUD
 
                                     
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 37,758,640     $ -     $ -     $ 171,881,945     $ 348,177     $ -  
Accounts payable
    (707,148 )     (300,132 )     (669,309 )     (238,338 )     (482,569 )     (398,862 )
Net exposure
  $ 37,051,493     $ (300,132 )   $ (669,309 )   $ 171,643,607     $ (134,392 )   $ (398,862 )

A 10% appreciation or deprecation of the above mentioned currencies compared with the US dollar would result in a corresponding increase or decrease in net assets of approximately $3,608,205 as at March 31, 2012 (March 31, 2011 - $17,111,035).
 
 
 

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(iii)    Other price risk
 
Other price risk is the risk that the future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market prices, other than those arising from currency risk or interest rate risk. As at March 31, 2012 and 2011, the Company was not exposed to other price risk.
 
(d)     Fair value
 
The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, receivables and accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate their respective fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments.
 
Qualitative Information about Market Risk
 
The Company manages its cash and cash equivalents, common shares, share-based options and share purchase warrants as capital.  As the Company is in the exploration stage, its principal source of funds for its operations is from the issuance of common shares.  The issuance of common shares requires approval of the Board of Directors.  It is the Company’s objective to safeguard its ability to continue as a going concern, so that it can continue to explore and develop its Asumura and Esaase properties for the benefit of its stakeholders.  The Company uses share-based options primarily to retain and provide future incentives to key employees and members of the management team.  The granting of share-based options is primarily determined by the Board of Directors.
 
The Company has been judicious in its protection of the capital it has on hand. The Company has been investing only in Bankers’ Acceptance Notes and Guaranteed Investment Certificates and has no investments in asset-backed commercial paper.
 
High Metal Prices Increasing the Demand For, and Cost Of, Exploration, Development and Construction Services and Equipment
 
The strength of metal prices in recent years has encouraged increases in mining exploration, development and construction activities around the world, which has resulted in increased demand for, and cost of, exploration, development and construction services and equipment. The costs of such services and equipment may continue to increase if current trends continue. Increased demand for services and equipment could result in delays if services or equipment cannot be obtained in a timely manner due to an inadequate availability, and may cause scheduling difficulties due to the need to coordinate the availability of services or equipment, any of which could materially increase project exploration, development and/or construction costs.
 
Political, Economic and Social Risks and Uncertainties
 
The Company’s operations through Esaase and Asumura are located in Ghana and, as such, its operations are exposed to various levels of political, economic and other risks and uncertainties.  Risks and uncertainties of operating in Ghana vary from time to time, but are not limited to terrorism, hostage taking, extreme fluctuations in currency exchange rates, high rates of inflation, labour unrest, the risk of civil unrest, expropriation and nationalization, renegotiation or nullification of existing concessions, licenses, permits and contracts, illegal mining, changes in taxation policies, restrictions on foreign exchange and repatriation and changing political conditions and governmental regulations that favour or require the awarding of contracts to local contractors or require foreign contractors to employ citizens of, or purchase supplies from a particular jurisdiction.
 
Changes, if any, in mining investment or investment policies or shifts in political attitude in Ghana or any other relevant jurisdiction in which the Company operates may adversely affect Keegan’s operations or profitability. Operations may be affected in varying degrees by government
 
 
 

- 17 -
 
regulations with respect to, but not limited to, restrictions on production, price controls, export controls, currency remittance, income and other taxes, expropriation of property, foreign investment, maintenance of claims, environmental legislation, land use, water use and mine safety. Failure to comply with applicable laws, regulations and local practices relating to mineral rights applications and tenure, could result in a loss, reduction or expropriation of entitlements. The occurrence of these various factors and uncertainties cannot be accurately predicted and could have an adverse effect on the Company’s operations or profitability.
 
Environmental Regulatory Risks
 
Keegan’s operations are subject to environmental regulations promulgated by government agencies from time to time.  Environmental legislation and regulation provides for restrictions and prohibitions on spills, releases or emissions of various substances produced in association with certain mining industry operations, such as from tailings disposal areas, which would result in environmental pollution. A breach of such legislation may result in the imposition of fines and penalties. In addition, certain types of operations require the submission and approval of environmental impact assessments. Environmental legislation is evolving in a manner, which means stricter standards, and enforcement, fines and penalties for non-compliance are more stringent. Future legislation and regulations could cause additional expenses, capital expenditures, restrictions, liabilities and delays in the development of Keegan’s properties, the extent of which cannot be predicted. Environmental assessments of proposed projects carry a heightened degree of responsibility for companies and directors, officers and employees. The cost of compliance with changes in governmental regulations has a potential to reduce the profitability of operations.
 
Properties May be Subject to Defects in Title
 
Keegan has investigated its rights to explore and exploit the Esaase Property and the Asumura Property and, to the best of its knowledge, its rights are in good standing. However, no assurance can be given that such rights will not be revoked, or significantly altered, to Keegan’s detriment. There can also be no assurance that Keegan’s rights will not be challenged or impugned by third parties.
 
Some Keegan mineral claims may overlap with other mineral claims owned by third parties, which may be considered senior in title to the Keegan mineral claims. The junior claim is only invalid in the areas where it overlaps a senior claim. Keegan has not determined which, if any, of the Keegan mineral claims is junior to a mineral claim held by a third party.
 
Although Keegan is not aware of any existing title uncertainties with respect to the Esaase Property and the Asumura Property, there is no assurance that such uncertainties will not result in future losses or additional expenditures, which could have an adverse impact on Keegan’s future cash flows, earnings, results of operations and financial condition.
 
Key Personnel
 
Keegan’s senior officers are critical to its success. In the event of the departure of a senior officer, Keegan believes that it will be successful in attracting and retaining qualified successors but there can be no assurance of such success. Recruiting qualified personnel as Keegan grows is critical to its success. The number of persons skilled in the acquisition, exploration and development of mining properties is limited and competition for such persons is intense. As Keegan’s business activity grows, it will require additional key financial, administrative, mining and exploration personnel, and potentially additional operations staff. If Keegan is not successful in attracting and training qualified personnel, the efficiency of its operations could be affected, which could have an adverse impact on future cash flows, earnings, results of operations and the financial condition of Keegan.
 
 
 

- 18 -
 
Legal and Litigation Risks
 
All industries, including the mining industry, are subject to legal claims, with and without merit. Defense and settlement costs of legal claims can be substantial, even with respect to claims that have no merit. Due to the inherent uncertainty of the litigation process, the resolution of any particular legal proceeding to which the Company may become subject could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, prospects, financial condition, and operating results.  Defense and settlement of costs of legal claims can be substantial.
 
Possible Loss of Interests in Exploration Properties; Possible Failure to Obtain Mining Licenses
 
The agreements pursuant to which Keegan acquired its interests in certain of its properties provide that the Company must make a series of payments in cash and/or Common Shares over certain time periods, expend certain minimum amounts on the exploration of the properties or contribute its share of ongoing expenditures.  If the Company fails to make such payments or expenditures in a timely fashion, the Company may lose its interest in those properties.  Further, even if Keegan does complete exploration activities, it may not be able to obtain the necessary licenses or permits to conduct mining operations on its properties, and thus would realize no benefit from its exploration activities on its properties.
 
Increased Costs and Compliance Risks as a Result of Being a Public Company
 
Legal, accounting and other expenses associated with public company reporting requirements have increased significantly in the past few years. Keegan anticipates that costs may continue to increase with corporate governance related requirements, including, without limitation, requirements under National Instrument 52-109 Certification of Disclosure in Issuers’ Annual and Interim Filings, National Instrument 52-110 Audit Committees and National Instrument 58-101 Disclosure of Corporate Governance Practices and the conversion to International Financial Reporting Standards.
 
The Company also expects these rules and regulations may make it more difficult and more expensive for it to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and it may be required to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. As a result, it may be more difficult for the Company to attract and retain qualified individuals to serve on its board of directors or as executive officers.
 
Risks Relating to Statutory and Regulatory Compliance
 
Keegan’s current and future operations, from exploration through development activities and commercial production, if any, are and will be governed by applicable laws and regulations governing mineral claims acquisition, prospecting, development, mining, production, exports, taxes, labour standards, occupational health, waste disposal, toxic substances, land use, environmental protection, mine safety and other matters. Companies engaged in exploration activities and in the development and operation of mines and related facilities, generally experience increased costs and delays in production and other schedules as a result of the need to comply with applicable laws, regulations and permits. The Company has received all necessary permits for the exploration work it is presently conducting; however, there can be no assurance that all permits which the Company may require for future exploration, construction of mining facilities and conduct of mining operations, if any, will be obtainable on reasonable terms or on a timely basis, or that such laws and regulations would not have an adverse effect on any project which Keegan may undertake.
 
 
 

- 19 -
 
Failure to comply with applicable laws, regulations and permits may result in enforcement actions thereunder, including the forfeiture of claims, orders issued by regulatory or judicial authorities requiring operations to cease or be curtailed, and may include corrective measures requiring capital expenditures, installation of additional equipment or costly remedial actions. The Company may be required to compensate those suffering loss or damage by reason of its mineral exploration activities and may have civil or criminal fines or penalties imposed for violations of such laws, regulations and permits. The Company is not currently covered by any form of environmental liability insurance. See “Insurance Risk”, below.
 
Existing and possible future laws, regulations and permits governing operations and activities of exploration companies, or more stringent implementation thereof, could have a material adverse impact on the Company and cause increases in capital expenditures or require abandonment or delays in exploration.
 
Insurance Risk
 
Keegan is subject to many risks that are not insurable and, as a result, Keegan will not be able to recover losses through insurance should such uninsurable liabilities occur.  Hazards such as unusual or unexpected geological formations and other conditions are involved in mineral exploration and development.  Keegan may become subject to liability for pollution, cave-ins or hazards against which it cannot insure.  The payment of such liabilities could result in a material adverse effect on Keegan’s financial position and its results of operations.  Although Keegan maintains liability insurance in an amount which it considers adequate, the nature of these risks is such that the liabilities might exceed policy limits and the liabilities and hazards might not be insurable against.
 
There is no assurance that the foregoing risks and hazards will not result in damage to, or destruction of, the properties of Keegan, personal injury or death, environmental damage or, regarding the exploration or development activities of Keegan, increased costs, monetary losses and potential legal liability and adverse governmental action, all of which could have an adverse impact on Keegan’s future cash flows, earnings, results of operations and financial condition.  The payment of any such liabilities would reduce the funds available to the Company. If Keegan is unable to fully fund the cost of remedying an environmental problem, it might be required to suspend operations or enter into costly interim compliance measures pending completion of a permanent remedy.
 
No assurance can be given that insurance to cover the risks to which Keegan’s activities are subject will be available at all or at commercially reasonable premiums.  The Company is not currently covered by any form of environmental liability insurance, since insurance against environmental risks (including liability for pollution) or other hazards resulting from exploration and development activities is unavailable or prohibitively expensive. This lack of environmental liability insurance coverage could have an adverse impact on Keegan’s future cash flows, earnings, results of operations and financial condition.
 
Currency risk
 
Keegan’s operations are subject to fluctuations in currency exchange rates, which could materially adversely affect its financial position.  Keegan maintains most of its working capital in United States dollars with a minimum reserve of six months of projected expenditures in Canadian dollars and Ghanaian Cedis.  Keegan converts United States dollars funds to foreign currencies in anticipation of foreign currency denominated obligations. Accordingly, Keegan is subject to fluctuations in the rates of currency exchange between United States dollar and these foreign currencies, and these fluctuations could materially affect the Company’s financial position and results of operations. A significant portion of the operating costs at Esaase and Asumura is based on the US dollar and the Ghanaian Cedi.
 
 
 

- 20 -
 
Competition Risks
 
Keegan operates in a competitive industry and compete with other better established companies which have greater financial resources.  Keegan faces strong competition from other mining companies in connection with exploration and the acquisition of properties producing, or capable of producing precious metals.  Many of these companies have greater financial resources, operational experience and technical capabilities than us.  As a result of this competition, Keegan may be unable to maintain or acquire attractive mining properties on terms we consider acceptable or at all.  Consequently, our operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.
 
There can be no assurance that necessary funds can be raised by the Company or that any projected work will be completed.
 
Mining, processing, development and exploration activities depend on adequate infrastructure. Reliable roads, bridges, power sources and water supply are important requirements, which affect capital and operating costs. Unusual or infrequent weather, phenomena, sabotage, government or other interference in the maintenance or provision of such infrastructure could adversely affect the Company’s future operations, financial condition and results of operations.
 
Potential Joint Ventures
 
Due to the cost of establishing and operating mining operations, Keegan may enter into joint ventures on one or more of its properties. Any failure of such joint venture partners to meet their obligations to Keegan or to third parties could have a material adverse effect on the joint ventures and Keegan as a result. In addition, Keegan may be unable to exert influence over strategic decisions made in respect of such properties or may be unable to satisfy its own obligations under such joint ventures which could result in dilution of Keegan’s interests in its properties.
 
Limited Business History
 
Keegan has only recently commenced operations and has no history of operating earnings. The likelihood of success of Keegan must be considered in light of the problems, expenses, difficulties, complications and delays frequently encountered in connection with the establishment of any business. Keegan has limited financial resources and there is no assurance that additional funding will be available to it for further operations or to fulfill its obligations under applicable agreements. There is no assurance that Keegan will ultimately generate revenues, operate profitably, or provide a return on investment, or that it will successfully implement its plans.
 
Conflicts of Interest
 
Keegan’s directors and officers are or may become directors or officers of other mineral resource companies or reporting issuers or may acquire or have significant shareholdings in other mineral resource companies and, to the extent that such other companies may participate in ventures in which Keegan may, or may also wish to participate, the directors and officers of Keegan may have a conflict of interest with respect to such opportunities or in negotiating and concluding terms respecting the extent of such participation. Keegan and its directors and officers will attempt to minimize such conflicts. In the event that such a conflict of interest arises at a meeting of the directors of Keegan, a director who has such a conflict will abstain from voting for or against the approval of such participation or such terms. In appropriate cases Keegan will establish a special
 
 
 

- 21 -
 
committee of independent directors to review a matter in which several directors, or officers, may have a conflict. In determining whether or not Keegan will participate in a particular program and the interest therein to be acquired by it, the directors will primarily consider the potential benefits to Keegan, the degree of risk to which Keegan may be exposed and its financial position at that time. Other than as indicated, Keegan has no other procedures or mechanisms to deal with conflicts of interest.
 
Claims by Investors Outside of Canada
 
The Company is incorporated under the laws of British Columbia and its head office is located in Vancouver, British Columbia. The majority of the Company’s directors and officers, and some of the experts named herein, are residents of Canada or otherwise reside outside of the United States, and all or a substantial portion of their assets, and a substantial portion of the Company’s assets, are located outside of the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for investors in the United States or outside of Canada to bring an action against directors, officers or experts who are not resident in the United States. It may also be difficult for an investor to enforce a judgment obtained in a United States court or a court of another jurisdiction of residence predicated upon the civil liability provisions of federal securities laws or other laws of the United States or any state thereof or the equivalent laws of other jurisdictions of residence against those persons or the Company.
 
Risks Relating to Our Shares
 
Changes in the Market Price of Common Shares may be Unrelated to the Company’s Results of Operations and could have an Adverse Impact on the Company
 
The Company’s Common Shares are listed on the Exchange. The price of Keegan’s Common Shares is likely to be significantly affected by short-term changes in the gold price or in its financial condition or results of operations as reflected in its quarterly earnings reports. Other factors unrelated to the Company’s performance that may have an effect on the price of the Company’s Common Shares and may adversely affect an investors’ ability to liquidate an investment and consequently an investor’s interest in acquiring a significant stake in the Company include:  a reduction in analytical coverage by investment banks with research capabilities; a drop in trading volume and general market interest in the Company’s securities; a failure to meet the reporting and other obligations under relevant securities laws or imposed by applicable stock exchanges could result in a delisting of Keegan’s Common Shares and a substantial decline in the price of the Common Shares that persists for a significant period of time.
 
As a result of any of these factors, the market price of Keegan’s Common Shares at any given point in time may not accurately reflect their long-term value. Securities class action litigation often has been brought against companies following periods of volatility in the market price of their securities. The Company may in the future be the target of similar litigation. Securities litigation could result in substantial costs and damages and divert management’s attention and resources.
 
Price Volatility of Publicly Traded Securities
 
The market price of a publicly traded stock, especially a resource issuer like Keegan, is affected by many variables in addition to those directly related to exploration successes or failures.  Such factors include the general condition of market for resource stocks, the strength of the economy generally, the availability and attractiveness of alternative investments and the breadth of the public market for the stock.  The effect of these and other factors on the market price of Keegan’s common shares suggests Keegan’s shares will continue to be volatile.  Therefore, investors could suffer significant losses if Keegan’s shares are depressed or illiquid when an investor seeks liquidity and needs to sell Keegan shares.
 
 
 

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Resale of Offered Shares
 
The continued operation of Keegan will be dependent upon its ability to have exploration success and to procure additional financing. There can be no assurance that any such exploration success can be achieved or that other financing can be obtained. If Keegan is unable to achieve such success or obtain such additional financing, any investment in Keegan may be lost.
 
Future Sales May Affect the Market Price of the Common Shares
 
In order to finance future operations, the Company may raise funds through the issuance of additional Common Shares or the issuance of debt instruments or other securities convertible into Common Shares. Keegan cannot predict the size of future issuances of Common Shares or the issuance of debt instruments or other securities convertible into Common Shares or the dilutive effect, if any, that future issuances and sales of the Company’s securities will have on the market price of the Common Shares.
 
Dividend Policy
 
No dividends on the Common Shares of the Company have been paid by the Company to date. Payment of any future dividends, if any, will be at the discretion of the Company 's board of directors after taking into account many factors, including the Company's operating results, financial condition, and current and anticipated cash needs.
 
 
 

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MINERAL PROJECTS
 
As at the date of this AIF, the Company’s mineral properties are the Esaase Property and the Asumura Property, both located in West Ghana, Africa.
 
Esaase Gold Property
 
The Esaase Gold Property is a development stage property located in the Amansi East District of Ghana, approximately 35km south west of the regional capital Kumasi. The property consists of several mining concessions of which the three largest are the Esaase Concession, Jeni River Concession and Sky Gold Concession.  The Esaase Concession is approximately 10km in a northeast direction by 4km in a northwest direction covering 42.32 square kilometers.
 
A PFS of the Project was completed in September 2011. The PFS was based on a gold price of $1,150 per ounce and a mill throughput rate of 9.0Mtpa for oxide material and 7.5Mtpa for fresh material.
 
Development of the Project, with an estimated initial capital expenditure of $506M, will take an estimated 33 months from full project go-ahead to first gold production, followed by just over 10 years of process plant operations and one to two years of closure and rehabilitation activities. The Project is anticipated to recover 2.6Moz of gold at an average cash cost, inclusive of refining costs and royalties, of $772/oz. With the completion of the PFS, the Company established its first mineral reserves as follows:

 
 
Deposit
Mineral Reserves
Proven
Probable
Total
Tonnes
(Mt)
Grade
(g/t)
Insitu Au (koz)
Tonnes
(Mt)
Grade
(g/t)
Insitu Au
(koz)
Tonnes (Mt)
Grade
(g/t)
Insitu Au
(koz)
Esaase
5.1
1.2
199
74.3
1.1
2,685
79.4
1.1
2,884
 
Unless stated otherwise, information of a technical or scientific nature related to the Esaase Gold Property contained herein is summarized or extracted from a technical report dated September 22, 2011, titled “Esaase Gold Project, Ghana / 43-101 Technical Report” prepared by qualified persons Brian Wolfe, B Sc Hons (Geol), Post Grad Cert (Geostats), (MAusIMM), Christopher Waller, B AppSc (MAusIMM), and Harry Warries, M Eng (MAusIMM), as required under National Instrument 43-010, Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects, (“NI 43-101”), filed on SEDAR on November 4, 2011 (the “43-101 Report”).
 
Acquisition of Interest
 
On May 3, 2006, the Company entered into an option agreement with Sametro Co. Ltd. (“Sametro”) to purchase a 100% interest in the Esaase gold property in southwest Ghana, subject to the underlying 10% interest, 3% NSR of the Ghanaian government in all mining projects in Ghana, and a 0.5% NSR owed to the Bonte Liquidation Committee. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company was to make a series of cash payments totaling $890,000, issue 780,000 common shares and incur minimum exploration expenditures of $2,250,000 over a three year period.
 
During the year ended March 31, 2008, after having already made cash payments of $500,000, issued 40,000 common shares and completed the full exploration expenditure requirement, the Company renegotiated the option agreement so that all further cash and share payments were no longer owed. In lieu of these payments, the Company paid $850,000 to a creditor of Sametro and issued 40,000 additional common shares to Sametro. Subsequent to these payments, the Company was granted the full Esaase Mining Lease by the Minerals Commission and Minister of Mines, Lands and Forestry with no further obligation to any party aside from the NSR and government commitments.
 
 
 

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During the year ended March 31, 2008, the Company purchased 100% private ownership of the Jeni Concession mining lease and exploration rights. The Jeni Concession lies directly to the southwest and contiguous to the Esaase Gold property. In consideration for the acquisition of the mining lease, Keegan paid $50,000 to the Bonte Liquidation Committee (“BLC”) and $50,000 to the Minerals Commission of Ghana for the title transfer. The Ghanaian government retains a standard 10% carried interest and 5% revenue royalty and the BLC retains a 0.5% NSR.

Both concessions are governed by mining leases that grant the Ghanaian government a standard 10% carried interest and a 5% royalty and the Bonte Liquidation Committee a 0.5% royalty. Subsequent to the granting of these mining leases, the Ghanaian government amended the royalty scheme in Ghana. (See Ghanaian mining royalties in this section).

For the year ended March 31, 2012, the Company incurred $18.4 million of exploration and evaluation expenditures on its Esaase Gold Property. These costs were spent on continuing the exploration and evaluation drill program, further defining the existing resource through infill and exploration drilling and engineering, geotechnical and metallurgical drill programs and development and engineering studies in support of the Company’s pre-feasibility and feasibility studies.

A summary of the exploration and evaluation expenditures (including non-cash stock-based compensation) for the years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 is presented as follows:
 
 
 

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Summary of exploration and evaluation expenditures

   
2012
   
2011
 
             
Esaase:
           
Camp operations
  $ 1,091,202     $ 555,438  
Development support costs
    559,643       1,879,304  
Equipment and infrastructure
    951,673       588,700  
Engineering studies
    2,989,662       2,020,526  
Exploration drilling
    2,933,027       4,479,279  
Exploration support costs
    1,703,947       4,218,925  
Health and environmental
    1,102,038       1,072,582  
Technical and in-fill drilling
    3,570,062       4,883,243  
Share-based compensation     2,379,808       3,296,932  
VAT receivable allowance
    1,133,712       1,665,108  
    $ 18,414,774     $ 24,660,037  

The results of the PFS for the Esaase project indicate the technical feasibility and commercial viability of the extraction of mineral resources in the area. As per the Company’s accounting policy for exploration and evaluation expenditures (refer to note 3(g) in the annual consolidated financial statements as at and for the year ended March 31, 2012), once the technical feasibility and commercial viability of the extraction of mineral resources in an area of interest are demonstrable, further cost incurred for the development of the project are capitalized as mineral interests. Based on the positive result of the PFS the Company now has Proven and Probable Mineral reserves and effective October 1, 2011 began capitalizing costs associated with the development of the Esaase project. In the six months ended March 31, 2012 the Company capitalized $11.8 million of development costs to mineral interests.
 
Reconciliation of mineral interests
 
Year ended
   
Year ended
 
   
March 31, 2012
   
March 31, 2011
 
             
Opening balance
  $ 10,581,692     $ 2,234,420  
                 
Additions:
               
     Acquisition costs, Esaase
    2,166,009       1,181,982  
     Development costs, Esaase
    11,830,057       -  
     Asset retirement obligation
    1,244,976       7,165,290  
      15,241,042       8,347,272  
                 
Closing balance
  $ 25,822,734     $ 10,581,692  
 
 
 

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Acquisitions
 
Concession acquisitions during the year ended March 31, 2012
 
On December 1, 2011, the Company entered into a purchase agreement with Tetollas Mining Enterprise to acquire an 100% interest in the Asuowin Concession situated contiguous to and directly south of the Esaase Gold property. In accordance with the purchase agreement, the Company made payments totaling $400,000 in exchange for the transfer of title.
 
During the year ended March 31, 2012, the Company paid $110,000 pursuant to an option agreement with Sky Gold Mines Limited (“SGM”) whereby the Company was granted the exclusive option by SGM to acquire 100% interest in a four-part concession adjacent to the Esaase Gold property. The concession is subject to a 2% net smelter returns royalty (“NSR”) payable to SGM. Pursuant to the agreement the Company is required to make staged payments totaling $150,000 in addition to the total of $250,000 already paid, and issue in stages a total of 40,000 shares of the Company. In July 2011, the Company received Ministerial approval of the option agreement and in January 2012 issued 20,000 shares of the Company at a cost of $156,009. The remaining 20,000 shares will be issued at the Company’s option, in 10,000 share tranches on the second and third anniversaries of this option agreement.

In addition, the Company paid $0.1 million and accrued $1.4 million as partial settlement of the Esaase option agreement suit (see Legal Proceedings and Regulatory Actions). These amounts were capitalized to mineral interests.
 
Concession acquisitions during the year ended March 31, 2011
 
During the year ended March 31, 2011, the Company made a payment of $600,000 plus certain acquisition costs to acquire a 100% interest in the Dawohodo prospecting concession, a mineral concession adjacent to the Esaase Gold property, and accrued a further $500,000 payable pursuant to this agreement. The $500,000 was paid during the year ended March 31, 2012.
 
Free carried interest to the Ghanaian government
 
Pursuant to the provisions of the Ghanaian Minerals and Mining Act of 2006, as at March 31, 2011, the Ghanaian government acquired, for zero proceeds, a 10% free carried interest in the rights and obligations of the mineral operations of the Esaase Gold property through an interest in Keegan Resources Ghana Limited (“Keegan Ghana”).
 
Keegan Ghana reserved 10% of its common shares for issuance to the Ghanaian government, and one government representative was appointed to the Board of Directors of Keegan Ghana. The Ghanaian government is entitled to 10% of declared dividends from the net profit of Keegan Ghana at the end of a financial year. As the free carried interest does not result in an obligation on behalf of the Ghanaian government to contribute to the capital of Keegan Ghana nor share in the entity’s losses, a non-controlling interest is not recognized while Keegan Ghana is in a net liability position.

Ghanaian mining royalties and taxes

On March 19, 2010, the government of Ghana amended section 25 of the Minerals and Mining Act of 2006 (Act 703) which stipulates the royalty rates on mineral extraction payable by mining companies in Ghana. The Act now states that a holder of a mining lease, restricted mining lease, or small scale mining license shall pay a royalty in respect of minerals obtained from its mining operations to Ghana at the rate of 5% of the total revenue earned from minerals obtained by the holder. Currently, uncertainty exists on how this amendment will affect the Esaase gold property’s existing mining lease and whether the rate will change as the Company goes through negotiations with the government with respect to a stability agreement on the project.
 
 
 

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Proposed changes to the Ghanaian tax system were announced and substantively enacted during the year ended March 31, 2012. Corporate tax rates rose from 25% to 35% and capital deductions were reduced from current rates to a straight-line depreciation of 20% per year over 5 years.  Both of these changes have a negative impact on the economics of the project.  In addition, a windfall tax is being considered by the Ghanaian government.  It is not clear at this time how such a tax would be applied and what impact it may have on the project.

Esaase option agreement suit

Keegan Ghana was named jointly with the Ghana Minerals Commission as a co-defendant in a legal suit by Sametro Co. Ltd., the company that had originally optioned the Esaase gold property to the Company (the “Litigation”). The Plaintiff is alleging certain irregularities in connection with the closing of the option resulting in Keegan Ghana’s acquisition of the Esaase gold property and the issuing of the requisite regulatory approvals under Ghanaian law. Keegan Ghana has refuted the allegations on grounds that it had at all material times acted legally and in good faith and has therefore filed a defense and counter-claim against the Plaintiff.

Effective October 31, 2011, the Company entered into a written settlement agreement with two parties who together hold a 60% interest in the outcome of the Litigation. These parties acquired their interests in the Litigation pursuant to a settlement agreement reached in 2010 with the principal plaintiff, Sametro Co Ltd. that was entered into the Ghana High Court at Tarkwa. Keegan's partial settlement agreement provides that the two settling parties will receive an aggregate of $1.5 million conditional primarily upon acceptance of the agreement by the Ghanaian Court and certain other conditions all of which can be waived by Keegan in its sole discretion. During the year ended March 31, 2012 Keegan made payments totaling $0.1 million and recorded a current liability of $1.4 million for the remainder of the settlement amount.

The Company continues to view the remaining litigation as without legal merit and the claim will be vigorously defended.  The Ghana Minerals Commission has also denied the allegations and filed a defense to the suit. The Company’s potential liability for damages, if any, is currently not determinable.
 
Project Description and Location
 
The Esaase Property is located in southwest Ghana, West Africa.  It is located in the Amansi East District, in the Ashanti Region, approximately 35km south west of the regional capital Kumasi (Figure 1).
 
 
 

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Figure 1:  Location of Esaase Property
 
Graphic
Source:  Technical Report
 
The Esaase Property consists of two mining concessions, named the Esaase Concession and Jeni River Concession.  The Esaase Concession is approximately 10km in a north east direction by 4km in a north west direction covering 42.32km2.  The centre of the Esaase Concession is located at 1º 53’ west, 6º 34’ north.  The Jeni River Concession is approximately 10 km in an east west direction and 5 km in a north south direction.  The centre of the Jeni River Concession is located at 1º 98’ west 6 º 52’ north and covers an area of 49.74 km2.  The boundaries of the Esaase Concession and the Jeni River Concession have not been legally surveyed, but are described by latitude and longitude via decree (see Figure 2).
 
 
 

- 29 -
 
Figure 2:  Esaase Concession and Jeni Concession
Graphic
Source:  Technical Report
 
Mining leases to the Esaase Concession and the Jeni River Concession have been granted to Keegan by the Ministry of Mines and Energy.  The government maintains a 10% carried interest in all mining leases within Ghana, which does not occur until production (i.e. the government receives 10% of all net profits from mining operations).  The surface rights on the Esaase Property are owned by the Ashanti stool (a local ethnic group), and at the production stage the Ashanti stool may apply for the right for compensation.  The amount of the compensation is subject to the approval of the Minister of Mines in consultation with the Land Valuation Board.
 
The Esaase Concession and Jeni River Concession leases are classified as mining permits, which allow the company to carry out mining provided certain conditions and fee payments are maintained with the Ministry of Mines and Energy.  The Esaase Jeni River Concession lease was granted in 1990 to Jeni River Development Company Limited and the Esaase Concession lease was granted to Bonte Gold Mining in 1990.  Both the Esaase Concession and the Jeni River Concession leases are valid until September 4, 2020.  Both Jeni River Development Company Limited and Bonte Gold Mining went into bankruptcy in 2002.
 
The Government of Ghana is entitled to acquire a special or “golden share” in any Ghana mining company at any time for no consideration.  This special share may constitute a separate class of shares with such rights and restrictions as the Government of Ghana and the mining company may agree.  In the absence of such agreement, the special share has the following rights:  the special share is a preference share and carries no voting rights, but the holder is entitled to receive notice of and attend and speak at any general meeting of the members or any separate meeting of the
 
 
 

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holders of any class of shares;  the special share may only be issued to, be held by, or transferred to the Government of Ghana or another person acting on behalf of the Government of Ghana and duly authorized;  the written consent of the holder of the special share is required for all amendments to the organizational documents of the company, the voluntary winding-up or liquidation of the company or the disposal of any mining lease or the whole or any material part of the assets of the company;  the special share does not confer a right to participate in the dividends, profits or assets of the company or a return of assets in a winding-up or liquidation of the company;  and the holder of a special share may require the company to redeem the special share at any time for no consideration or for an amount determined by the company. Keegan Ghana has not issued or, to date, been requested to issue a special share to the Government of Ghana.
 
The Government of Ghana has a pre-emptive right to purchase all gold and other minerals produced by Keegan Ghana.  The purchase price would be determined by (a) agreement between Government of Ghana and Keegan Ghana, (b) the price established by any gold hedging arrangement between Keegan Ghana and any third party approved by the Government of Ghana, and (c) the publicly quoted market price prevailing for the minerals or products delivered at the mine where the pre-emptive right was exercised.
 
History of the Esaase Concession
 
The Government of Ghana by mining lease (the “Esaase Mining Lease”) dated September 4, 1990 granted the Esaase Concession to Bonte Gold Mines Limited (“BGM”) for a term of 30 years.  Subsequently, in 2003, Bonte Mines Limited, as BGM was subsequently called, went into official liquidation under Section 7 of the Bodies Corporate Official Liquidation Act, 1963 (Act 180) and the Registrar of Companies of the Republic of Ghana was appointed the Official Liquidator of BGM.  By such appointment, the Official Liquidator became legally vested with power and authority to deal with BGM assets, including the Esaase Mining Lease. The Official Liquidator, for valuable consideration, assigned the unexpired (remaining) term of the Bonte Mining Lease to Sametro pursuant to a Deed of Agreement dated July 4, 2005.
 
The key consideration for the assignment of the Esaase Concession by the Official Liquidator to Sametro was the agreement of Sametro to pay US$800,000 in two instalments of $400,000, the first as deposit and the last instalment of $400,000 to be paid within 12 months from the effective date of the assignment.  The Esaase Mining Lease, contains provisions for a 10% government carried interest, a 3% NSR to the government, and a 0.5% NSR to the Official Liquidator.
 
Subsequently, pursuant to the Option Agreement, as amended on June 1, 2006, Sametro granted Keegan the option to acquire 100% interest and title in the Esaase Concession subject to the terms and conditions of the Option Agreement, including cash payments, share issuances to be made and work obligations to be incurred by Keegan.
 
Under the Option Agreement, Keegan made payments of $700,000 during 2006 and 2007, including an advance payment of $200,000 due upon production at the Esaase Concession.  The advance payment was made in order to extinguish the interest of the Official Liquidator in the Esaase Concession.  Keegan also agreed to issue 780,000 common shares over a three year period, of which 40,000 shares were issued in 2006, and the balance of the shares to be issued were renegotiated under the May 29, 2007 tri-partite agreement described below.
 
The Option Agreement was ratified by a resolution of the Board of Directors of Sametro dated May 18, 2006.  At the material time of entering into the Option Agreement, Sametro had only paid the initial cash deposit of $400,000 to the Official Liquidator and was in default of paying the 2nd
 
 
 

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instalment amounting to $400,000.  On April 10, 2007, or thereabouts, it came to Keegan’s attention through a letter of demand from solicitors purporting to act on behalf K.O. Consortium that Sametro was indebted to one Kwame Owusu (trading under the name and style of K.O. Consortium) under a loan agreement, the proceeds of which were used to pay part of the initial deposit of $400,000, being part of the consideration for the Esaase Concession to the Official Liquidator.
 
The same letter from the solicitors noted that K.O. Consortium had obtained a High Court judgment enforcing the assignment of the Esaase Concession to K.O. Consortium (the creditors) upon default by Sametro to pay the debt.  To retrieve and protect its interests in the Esaase Concession, Keegan went into tripartite negotiations with K.O. Consortium and Sametro as a result of which Keegan entered into a tripartite agreement dated May 29, 2007, pursuant to which Keegan paid $850,000 to K.O. Consortium through their solicitors to liquidate the debt of Sametro and issued 40,000 common shares to Sametro, in full satisfaction of Keegan’s obligations to Sametro under the Option Agreement.
 
Pursuant to the tripartite agreement dated May 29, 2007 (and announced June 14, 2007 after Ministerial Approval) Sametro assigned the Esaase Concession to Keegan Ghana by Deed of Assignment (the “Deed of Assignment”) dated May 26, 2007 and stamped as No. LVB 12/91/07.  Based upon an application made by Ekow Amua-Sekyi on behalf of Sametro, the Deed of Assignment further received Ministerial approval as required by the Ghana Mining Act, 2006 (Act 703) as per letter of the Minister of Lands Forestry and Mines dated June 8, 2007.  Thereafter, Keegan, acting through Keegan Ghana, entered into possession of the Esaase Concession to commence active gold prospecting operations thereon.
 
In March 2008, Keegan acquired the Jeni River Mining lease for consideration of $50,000 which was paid to the BLC on behalf of Jeni River Gold Mines and $50,000 paid to the Minerals Commission of Ghana to transfer title.  The Ghanaian government retained a standard 10% carried interest and 3% NSR, and the BLC retained a 0.5% NSR on behalf of BGM.
 
On July 14th, 2008, Sametro issued a Writ of Summons against Keegan Ghana and the Ghana Minerals Commission in the High Court of Ghana, seeking an order setting aside the Deed of Assignment of the Esaase Concession on the grounds of fraud, a declaration that the Esaase Concession is the property of Sametro, an order for perpetual injunction directed at Keegan Ghana and the Ghana Minerals Commission from interfering with Sametro’s rights to the Esaase Concession, an order directed at the Ghana Minerals Commission to expunge from their records the Deed of Assignment which granted Keegan Ghana its ownership of the Esaase Concession plus (unspecified) damages and costs. Sametro’s basic claim is that the individual who purported to handle the Deed of Assignment, Mr. Ekow Amua-Sekyi, was either not authorised to do so by Sametro and/or that he provided a deed to Keegan Ghana and the Ghana Minerals Commission which was not in fact signed, as it was purported to be, by the Managing Director of Sametro, Mr. Samuel Gordon Etroo. It is the legal position of Keegan Ghana that Mr. Amua-Sekyi was at all material times a director and agent of Sametro in the transactions between Sametro and Keegan Ghana, and that Keegan Ghana acted in good faith without any notice of irregularity. Keegan Ghana will in part rely upon sections 139-143 of the Ghana Companies Code, 1963 (Act 179) which confers statutory protection on innocent third parties from any fraud by directors, officers, servants and agents of corporate bodies in Ghana.
 
Effective October 31, 2011, the Company entered into a written settlement agreement with two parties who together hold a 60% interest in the outcome of the Litigation. These parties acquired their interests in the Litigation pursuant to a settlement agreement reached in 2010 with the principal plaintiff, Sametro Co Ltd. that was entered into the Ghana High Court at Tarkwa. Keegan's partial settlement agreement provides that the two settling parties will receive an aggregate of $1.5 million conditional primarily upon acceptance of the agreement by the Ghanaian Court and certain other
 
 
 

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conditions all of which can be waived by Keegan in its sole discretion. During the year ended March 31, 2012 Keegan made payments totaling $0.1 million and recorded a current liability of $1.4 million for the remainder of the settlement amount. These amounts have been capitalized to mineral interests.
 
The Company continues to view the remaining litigation as without legal merit and the claim will be vigorously defended.  The Ghana Minerals Commission has also denied the allegations and filed a defense to the suit. The Company’s potential liability for damages, if any, is currently not determinable.
 
The Bonte Gold Mining alluvial operation resulted in a large silting of the associated drainage system utilised by the dredging operation.  Under the agreement with the liquidation committee acting on behalf of the Ghanaian Government, Keegan assumes no environmental liability to any resulting environmental liabilities arising from the operations of Bonte Gold Mines on the Esaase Concession.  On the Jeni River Concession, Keegan agreed to reclaim the tailings as part of any large scale mining operation in the drainage.
 
All resources and areas of more significant exploration potential defined to date lie within the area covered by the lease to the Esaase Concession and the lease to the Jeni River Concession.  Permits to explore on the Esaase Property are obtained from the EPA on a yearly basis.  Keegan currently has an EPA permit to explore up until December 31, 2010.  Keegan also has the right to mine under the existing mining leases; however, a mine plan will need to be submitted to the EPA who would subsequently issue a mining permit.
 
Accessibility, Climate, Local Resources, Infrastructure and Physiography
 
The Esaase Property is accessed from Kumasi city by taking an asphalt road west 10km to the Bibiani Junction at Asenemuso and then southwest 10km to the village of Wioso.  At Wioso a secondary asphalt road is taken 8km south to the village of Amankyea then by secondary gravel roads a further 11km via the villages of Ahewerwa and Tetrem.  The Esaase Property itself is accessed by a series of secondary roads constructed either by the former Bonte Gold Mines or by Keegan.  Other parts of the Esaase Property are currently undergoing surface exploration and are accessed by both dirt roads and by footpaths.
 
The annual rainfall is in the range of 1500mm to 2000mm with temperatures ranging from 22°C to 36°C. A major rainy season occurs from April to July followed by a minor one from September through to October. Keegan has operated without cessation or delay throughout both rainy seasons.
 
The Esaase Property is drained by the Bonte River. The Bonte River is bounded on both sides by steep hills that reach heights of approximately 500mASL. The area is predominantly subsistence farmland producing mainly food crops such as plantain, corn, cassava, yam, tomatoes and some cash crop such as cocoa and oil palm. About 50% of this land is covered with secondary forest and thick brush. The valley floor has been extensively placer mined and now consists primarily of placer tailings.
 
The Esaase Gold Project exploration camp and surrounding villages are connected to the national electrical grid. Mobile phone communication is accessible in most parts of the concession. A satellite dish is installed at the Keegan exploration camp for internet access. The nearest medical clinic and police station are located at Toase-Nkawie, on the Bibiani Highway, 20km from the exploration camp. Hospitals and most government offices are available in Kumasi. Food and general supplies are also purchased in Kumasi. The Project is in an area well serviced by the Ghana national power grid with at least two alternate points of supply within a 50km radius of a potential plant site.
 
Ghana has a mature mining industry that has resulted in the local availability of both skilled and unskilled personnel.
 
 
 

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History
 
The Bonte area has a long history of artisanal mining, associated with the Ashanti Kingdom. There is also evidence of adits driven by European settlers, between the period 1900 to 1939, although no documented records remain of this activity.
 
Drilling was conducted on the Bonte river valley alluvial sediments during 1966 and 1967 to determine alluvial gold potential. In 1990, the Bonte mining lease was granted to Akrokerri- Ashanti Gold Mines (AAGM) and was later transferred to BGM, a local subsidiary of AAGM. BGM had reportedly recovered an estimated 200,000oz of alluvial gold on the Esaase concession and another 300,000oz downstream on the Jeni River concession, prior to entering into receivership in 2002. It should be noted that previous placer gold production is of no relevance to Keegan’s exploration and development program, which are entirely focused on the discovery of hard rock resources on the Esaase Property.
 
The Esaase mining concession, including the camp facilities at Tetrem, was bought from the BLC by Sametro Company Limited, a private Ghanaian company. In May, 2006, Keegan signed a letter of agreement with Sametro to earn 90% of the Esaase mining concession over a 3 year period of work commitments and option payments. The government of Ghana retains the remaining 10%.
 
Since mid 2006, Keegan has undertaken an aggressive exploration program combining soil geochemistry and IP geophysical surveys followed by diamond and reverse circulation exploration and resource drilling.
 
Geological Setting
 
The geology of Ghana is comprised predominantly of rocks of the Birimian (2.17-2.18Ga) and to a lesser extent of units of the Tarkwaian (2.12-2.14Ga, after Davis et al. 1994).
 
The Birimian consists of narrow greenstone (volcanic) belts, which can be traced for hundreds of kilometres along strike but are usually only 20 to 60km wide, separated by wider basins of mainly marine clastic sediments. Along the margins of the basins and belts there appears to be considerable interbedding of basin sediments and volcanoclastic and pyroclastic units of the volcanic belts. Thin but laterally extensive chemical sediments (exhalites), consisting of cherts, fine-grained manganese-rich and graphitic sediments, often mark the transitional zones. The margins of the belts commonly exhibit faulting on local and regional scales. These structures are fundamentally important in the development of gold deposits for which the region is well known.
 
The Tarkwaian rocks, on the other hand, consist of a distinctive sequence of metasediments (quartzite, conglomerate and phyllite) occurring within a broad band along the interior of the Ashanti Belt. They host important paleoplacer gold deposits in the Tarkwa district. Equivalent rock types occur in other belts of the region but in relatively restricted areas. In the type locality at Tarkwa, the sequence is in the order of 2.5km thick, whereas in the Bui belt, comparable units are about 9km thick sediments that mark a rapid period of erosion and proximal deposition during the late-stage of an orogenic cycle.
 
All of the Birimian sediments and volcanics have been extensively metamorphosed; the most widespread metamorphic facies appears to be greenschist, although in many areas, higher temperatures and pressures are indicated by amphibolite facies.
 
Multiple tectonic events have affected virtually all Birimian rocks with the most substantive being a fold-thrust compressional event (Eburnean Orogeny) that affected both volcanic and sedimentary belts throughout the region and to a lesser extent, Tarkwaian rocks. For this reason, relative
 
 
 

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age relations suggest that final deposition of Tarkwaian rocks took place as the underlying and adjacent volcanic and sedimentary rocks were undergoing the initial stages of compressional deformation. Studies in the western part of the region (Milesi et al., 1992) have proposed several separate phases of folding and faulting suggesting a change in stress direction from northeast to southwest, to north to south. However, a regional synthesis by Eisenlohr (1989) has concluded that, although there is considerable heterogeneity in the extent and styles of deformation in many areas, most of the structural elements have common features, which are compatible with a single, extended and progressive phase of regional deformation involving substantial northwest-southeast compression.
 
Graphic
 
Project Geology
 
The structural architecture of the Esaase area is dominated by fold-thrust patterning followed by a late stage strike-slip deformation event. Open to tight, northwest-dipping (axial planes strike (020o to 035o), northeast plunging (30o to 70o) folds are asymmetric and climb to the southeast. Folds tighten and deformation increases systematically to the southeast as shear zones are approached. This patterning repeats itself on the 10m to 100m scale. Folding in the deformed siltstone/shale package is open to tight, locally approaching isoclinal. Fold orientation ranges from upright to moderately inclined with dips to the northwest. Folds are asymmetric and climb to the southeast, consistent with regional interpretations of tectonic transport to the southwest. The fold limbs steepen as high strain zones (shears/thrust faults) are approached from the northwest. Within these shear zones a shear commonly shows low or lesser strain and repeats the pattern of low to high strain at the next shear. This pattern repeats itself at many scales (micro to macro), but for mapping purposes it is typically on the 10m to 50m scale. These northeast striking, northwest-dipping syn-kinematic shears, which roughly parallel fold axial planes appear to demarcate zones of mineralisation. In many (but not all) instances, the basal shear/thrust, divides the more deformed, altered, mineralised and electrically conductive siltstone shale unit in the hanging wall from the more massively bedded and less deformed sandstone/greywacke in the footwall. It is common to see broken rock, often carbonaceous, at or near this basal contact indicating likely late brittle faulting. As fault planes cannot be measured on these surfaces, their orientation cannot be clearly
 
 
 

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determined; thus it cannot be conclusively determined whether this fault or series of fault provide a conclusive footwall boundary. The resistivity contrast provides the best evidence for this contact on a property wide scale and consistent gold assays provide the best evidence on a sectional scale (Klipfel, 2009).
 
The metasediments are intruded post-kinematically by dikes and small stocks of intermediate to felsic composition, i.e. tonalite to granodiorite. In the southern portion of the deposit, these intrusions are intensely brecciated and mineralised and occur at or near the footwall of mineralisation and are themselves mineralised (Klipfel, 2009).
 
The existence of a weathering profile on the Esaase Property is strongly influenced by topography (Figure 7.2_4). The typical weathering horizon in tropical settings in West Africa consists of laterite (+- duracrust), saprolite, oxidised bedrock, and bedrock (there is often a gradational zone, “saprock” between the saprolite and oxidised bedrock. At the higher elevations at Esaase, the laterite and saprolite, and much of the saprock has been weathered away, leaving behind oxidised bedrock. At intermediate elevations the weathering profile is mostly intact and may be covered by transported colluvium. At the lowest elevations, the entire profile is covered by either alluvium or residual tailings from previous alluvial operations (Klipfel, 2009).
 
Mineralization
 
Gold Mineralisation on the Esaase Property occurs in quartz - carbonate veins hosted within parallel NE trending, moderately to steeply west dipping bodies of extremely deformed siltstone shale. One form of disseminated alteration most commonly noted in oxidised rocks is quartz-sericite-pyrite (QSP) alteration. This alteration type is not distinctly different in coloration in fresh core and is thus difficult to detect in that state. Surface weathering converts the sericite to white kaolinite creating a bright white color alteration distinguishable even at great distance when exposed in trenches, road cuts, and drill pads. At closer scale, pyrite pseudomorphs can be distinguished. The second stage consists of pervasive carbonate alteration in the form of carbonate porphyroblasts, particularly after andalusite in phyllitic rocks. Carbonate flooding is more prevalent in siltstone where precursor andalusite porphyroblasts did not form (Klipfel, 2009).
 
As previously mentioned in Section7, quartz veining occurred within the mineralisation envelopes over most of the duration of the extensive fold and thrust and strike slip deformation events. Four stages of veins can be identified. These include an early unmineralised quartz only vein stage which has undergone deformation and brecciation. A second vein stage consists of myriad fine spider-web-like quartz-carbonate veins. These veins are also early and are consistently deformed and offset. The third stage consists of quartz-carbonate±sulfide veins with visible free gold. The associated sulfide is generally pyrite, but up to 15% of it can be chalcopyrite and minor arsenopyrite variably occurs as well. Finally, late stage post-mineral calcite veins crosscut all previous features (Klipfel, 2009).
 
Veins that contain visible gold overwhelmingly strike (350o to 020o), have sub vertical dips and are either planar or S-shaped. Thus they are oblique in orientation to the overall strike and dip of mineralisation and appear to be bounded by aforementioned thrust faults and can thus be described as en echelon vein sets form en-echelon sets. As previously describe in Section 7, they likely were emplaced during a transition from fold thrust deformation to left lateral strike slip deformation (see Figure 7.2_3; Klipfel, 2009).
 
 
 

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Exploration
 
No modern-style lode exploration was completed on the Esaase Property prior to the commencement of exploration by Keegan in mid 2006.  Since mid 2006, Keegan has undertaken an aggressive exploration program combining soil geochemistry, Induced Polarization (“IP”) geophysical surveys, VTEM airborne geophysics,  followed by trenching, diamond and reverse circulation exploration, and resource drilling.
 
Soil Sampling Program
 
Keegan commenced a soil sampling program upon acquisition of the Esaase Concession in June 2006 and has received assay results from over 4,000 soil samples. Sampling was undertaken on NE oriented lines spaced 100-400 metres apart with samples taken at 25 metre intervals along the lines. This program extended the initial soil sampling completed in March 2006 as part of initial due diligence on the concession. After the acquisition of the Jeni River Concession, Keegan expanded its soil program to the Jeni River Concession and has obtained over 2,100 samples from this concession using an identical sampling regime. Soil samples were obtained wherever there was not obvious alluvial disturbance or alluvial material and care was taken to sample below the organic horizon. The material below the organic horizon on ridge tops or steep slopes from higher elevations is weathered bedrock, whereas that taken nearer to the alluvial creek bottoms is underlain by colluvium, laterite, and/or saprolite. Drilling and trenching indicate that soil samples from weathered bedrock, on average, have gold levels within an order of magnitude of the underlying rock values. Soil samples from non bedrock sources (ie alluvial) tend to have much lower gold values than the underlying bedrock. As a result of this observation, Keegan has begun an auger sampling program in order to get samples at (or at leaser closer to) the bedrock/soil interface. Based on the provided information, it is Coffey Mining’s opinion that the samples are representative and that there are no factors that have resulted in sample bias.
 
Geophysical Programs
 
An IP program was completed in 2006 which successfully identified significant faults that are interpreted as significant mineralisation boundaries. In order to identify other such structures, Keegan contracted Geotech Ltd to perform an airborne VTEM geophysical program on the Esaase Property. The survey was carried out during the period October 11, 2007 to October 25, 2007. The principal geophysical sensors included Geotech’s versatile time domain electromagnetic system (VTEM). Ancillary equipment included a GPS navigation system and a radar altimeter. A total of 2,266 line-km were flown. In-field data processing involved quality control and compilation of data collected during the acquisition stage, using the in-field processing centre established in Ghana. The survey was flown at nominal traverse line spacing of 200m. Flight line directions were N130°E/N50°W. The helicopter maintained a mean terrain clearance of 122m.
 
The data was processed and interpreted by Condor Consulting, Inc., who performed AdTau time constant analysis on line data in order to determine the best time delay channels to use. Condor performed Layered Earth Inversions (LEI), generated depth slices for the survey and characterised the 2D and 3D nature of the survey.
 
Drilling
 
Drilling at the Esaase Gold Project has been managed by Keegan and Coffey Mining geologists and to date has been constrained mainly to the northwest striking main gold- bearing structures in the Esaase Concession, although targets have been drilled on the Jeni Concession as well (see Figure 10.4.1). Surface Reverse Circulation (‘RC’) and Diamond Core (‘DC’) drilling has been completed at the project. The ongoing drill program is designed to test the mineralised corridor delineated from soil sampling, trenching, drilling and geophysical interpretations. The initial 14 diamond
 
 
 

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drillholes were completed by Eagle drilling contractors with the remainder completed by Geodrill contractors. Both of these drilling companies are reputable Ghana based companies providing RC and Diamond drilling services consistent with current industry standard. Table 10.1_1 summarises pertinent drilling statistics for all holes drilled at the Esaase Gold Project at the time of commencement of the resource estimate study (13th June 2011). A total of 1201 drillholes have been completed of which 915 of these drillholes (in the currently defined resource area) were used for the resource estimation study.
 
 
 
Graphic
 
Drilling Procedures
 
Accuracy of Drillhole Collar Locations
 
Drillhole collars were surveyed by a Coffey Mining surveyor utilising a Thales Promark 3 DGPS unit. This unit was validated as returning sub centimetre accuracy when compared to the topography pickup completed by Coffey Mining using a Geodimeter 610S total station. These instruments have an accuracy of better than 1cm and are considered conventional.
 
Downhole Surveying Procedures
 
Drillholes were surveyed on approximately 50m downhole intervals, using a Reflex EZ-Shot®, an electronic single shot instrument manufactured by Reflex of Sweden.
 
These measurements have been converted from magnetic to UTM Zone 30 North values. The factor used to convert between the two grids is -5 degrees.
 
Reverse Circulation Drilling Procedures
 
Keegan supervised RC and diamond drilling was completed by Geodrill using a UDR KL900-02 multipurpose track mounted rig. RC rods were 41⁄2 inch diameter and the drill bit used was a standard 140mm diameter face sample hammer.
 
Diamond Drilling Procedures
 
The initial 14 diamond drillholes (HQ and NQ diameters) were completed by Eagle Drilling using a Longyear 38 skid mounted diamond drill. The Geodrill rig utilised in the RC drilling is multipurpose and completed the remaining diamond component of drilling also. The core was oriented by a combination of the spear technique, Ezimark orientation device and Reflex ACT II electronic orientation system.
 
 
 

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Summary Results
 
It is not practical to include a listing of all sample results, as a total of 213,905 RC samples and diamond core samples have been collected to date.
 
Drilling Orientation
 
The vast majority of drillholes in the west dipping Esaase mineralisation were collared at an orientation of approximately 100°(UTM). A small number of holes were drilled towards approximately 300°.
 
Accuracy and reliability of results
 
There is no identified drilling, sampling, or recovery factors that materially impact the accuracy and reliability of the results of the drilling programs in place at Esaase.
 
Topographical Control
 
Topography has been generated from a Total Station survey completed by Coffey Mining surveyors in 2007. This topography is to an accuracy of +/-30cm and compares well with the drillhole collar survey data. Coffey Mining considers the topography to be of high confidence.
 
Sampling and Analysis
 
RC Sampling and Logging
 
RC drill chips were collected as 1m intervals downhole via a cyclone into PVC bags, and then weighed prior to splitting.
 
The collected samples were riffle split using a three tier Jones riffle splitter. A final sample of approximately 3kg was collected for submission to the laboratory for analysis. All 1m interval samples were analysed.
 
RC chip trays were systematically compiled and logged with all bulk rejects being stored at the Keegan exploration camp in Tetrem.
 
Diamond Core Sampling and Logging
 
The sampling of the core was subject to the discretion of the geologist completing the geological logging. Initially, nominally 2m intervals were taken unless geological features were identified requiring smaller intervals. After December 2006, nominally 1m intervals were taken. 3.4% of diamond core sampling was submitted as whole core with 90.7% submitted as half core and the remaining 5.9% submitted as quarter core.
 
It should be noted that these sampling intervals are much smaller than the true width of overall mineralised zones, which is variable throughout the deposit, but is typically in excess of 30m.
 
After the marking out of the required interval, the core was cut in half by electric diamond blade core saw. The cut is made 1cm to the right (looking downhole) of the orientation line with the left side being retained and the other half broken up for assay.
 
In the upper oxide zone, where the core was too friable for diamond saw cutting, the procedure was to dry cut or cleave the core.
 
 
 

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Core structure orientations were routinely recorded to assist in determining the controls on mineralisation, in establishing a reliable geological model for resource estimation, and to provide additional geotechnical information to determine likely blast fragmentation and pit stability characteristics.
 
The core is transferred from the trays and pieced together on a V-rail (angle iron) rack and the orientation line (bottom of hole), determined by the orientation tool recorded during drilling, is drawn along the entire length of the assembled core.
 
Geotechnical logging has recorded percentage core recovery, lithology, weathering and oxidation, rock strength, RQD percentage and rock defects including frequency, orientation, type and characteristics. A set of approximately 28 oriented core HQ3 core holes have been drilled radially outward from within the deposit through depths beyond an assortment of potential pit wall limits.
 
Sample Recovery
 
Sample recovery for RC drilling was noted as very good and averages approximately 34kg per metre drilled. Bulk sample weights (on a per metre basis) have been recorded in the database for approximately two thirds of all RC samples drilled.
 
Sample recovery in Diamond holes was very good although recoveries for core from the moderate to highly weathered saprolite and highly fractured and brecciated zones returned poor recoveries. Keegan utilised HQ3 drilling to minimise the core loss in the weathered zones.
 
Sample Quality
 
The sampling procedures adopted for drilling are consistent with current industry best practise. Samples collected by diamond coring within the highly weathered zones are of moderate quality, with the remainder being high. Sample recoveries and quality for the RC drilling are high with drilling switching to diamond core once wet samples were noticed.
 
Dedicated drillhole twinning of the DC drilling and RC drilling has been completed by Keegan to determine if any negative bias has resulted in the DC drilling due to the use of water. A number of the DC holes had poor recovery in the highly weathered zone and there exists potential to wash the fine gold associated with the fractures and veining and therefore underestimate the gold content. Four DC and RC drillhole pairs are suitable for comparison and results indicate comparable intervals of mineralisation with broadly equivalent grades between DC and RC drilling. It is concluded that no bias exists between the DC and RC drilling. Graphical representation of the twinned drilling is presented in Appendix D.
 
RC field duplicate samples are routinely collected to allow assessment of the field sampling error (or bias) once the laboratory error, determined from analysis of pulp duplicates, has been subtracted. Acceptable reproducibility has been identified during an assessment of RC field duplicate data generated and no distinct bias is evident.
 
Preparation and assaying of samples from the Esaase deposit has been carried out at three independent laboratories:
 
·  
SGS Tarkwa (SGS) (from October 2006).
 
·  
Transworld Tarkwa (TWL) (from April 2007).
 
·  
ALS Kumasi (ALS) (from November 2008).
 
 
 

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Keegan QAQC
 
Keegan Field Standards and Blanks
 
A total of 34 Certified Standards and one blank have been included in sample batches sent to TWL, ALS and SGS. Standards have been sourced from Geostats Pty Ltd and CDN Resource Standards and cover an appropriate grade range. Keegan routinely assesses the standards analysis data and any batches that display inappropriate bias are re-assayed at Keegan’s request. A total of 28,275 assays were available for analysis. Where identifiable, outliers to the data which are obviously a misplaced standard have been removed from the data before analysis.
 
Results show a moderate positive bias of up to 6.09% for Transworld Laboratories. There is no relationship between grade and bias. One standard shows negative bias of -5.22%.
 
Blind standards analysis at SGS shows a spread of bias with one standard displaying a significant negative bias of up to -8.41%. In addition, one standard shows a positive bias of 6.93%. Again, there is no relationship between grade and bias.
 
Blind standards analysis at ALS shows a spread of bias from -4.18% to 3.42%. One standard, G396-5 displays positive bias of 12.45% however this is based on only 3 analyses and is therefore discounted. Standard G302-2 shows a negative bias of -6.53%, again this is based on only 3 analyses and is therefore discounted. It is observed that in general, negative bias is apparent at lower grades (<1g/t Au) and positive bias up to is seen in higher grade samples. Bias is considered low overall.
 
Keegan Field Duplicates
 
Field duplicates totalling 1,567, 7,093 and 2,802 have been sent to TWL, ALS and SGS respectively. Diamond core field duplicates consist of a portion of the “coarse rejects” obtained after the crushing stage. RC field duplicates consist of a second sample split from the reject sample in the field. Only assays returning values greater than ten times the detection limits (>0.1ppm Au) and less than 5g/t Au have been considered in the analysis.
 
Results for TWL, SGS and ALS show equivalent means and acceptable precision for both RC and diamond core samples.
 
Keegan Assay Resplits (Umpire)
 
In January and February 2007 a total of 1,197 RC samples were re-split and sent for analysis at SGS Tarkwa (TWL was the primary laboratory for the initial analysis). Only assays >0.1g/t Au are considered in the analysis and a total of 481 assay pairs are available for analysis. Results show a significantly lower mean (by 15.6%) for analysis completed at SGS (although this is significantly reduced if outliers to the data are removed). Review of the standards analysis indicates better accuracy was achieved by SGS Tarkwa.
 
Subsequent batches of resampled drillcore and RC chips (primary lab TWL) sent in July and November 2008 to Genalysis, Perth have provided 232 drillcore assay pairs and 346 RC assay pairs >0.1g/t Au for assessment. Results demonstrate an acceptable degree of precision however the second or umpire mean is significantly lower in the case of both drillcore and RC chips. Again this is significantly reduced if outliers to the data (>10ppm Au) are removed. This suggests a minor potential issue regarding accuracy based on this data.
 
 
 

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SGS Tarkwa has been utilised as a primary laboratory for the project between February 2007 and December 2008 and umpire samples have subsequently been sent to Genalysis of Perth for umpire analysis. Only assays >0.1g/t Au are considered in the analysis and a total of 148 drillcore and 648 RC assay pairs are available for analysis. Results show equivalent assay means for the RC pairs, however a significantly lower mean is recorded for the umpire drillcore assays (2.79ppm Au vs 2.34ppm Au). If outliers to the data (>10ppm Au) are removed a significant convergence of the two means is demonstrated, however the umpire assay mean is still lower. Precision is acceptable for both RC and drillcore data, although accuracy is slightly problematic for the drill core based on this data.
 
ALS Kumasi has been utilised as a primary laboratory for the project since December 2008 and umpire samples have subsequently been sent to Genalysis of Perth for umpire analysis. Only assays >0.1g/t Au are considered in the analysis and a total of 475 drillcore and 650 RC assay pairs are available for analysis. Results demonstrate equivalent means and acceptable precision and accuracy for both data types.
 
The means of the assay pairs between TWL and Genalysis show high bias for TWL, a finding which is supported by Standards analysis and therefore indicates greater relative precision and accuracy at Genalysis.
 
Security of Samples
 
The close scrutiny of sample submission procedures by Keegan technical staff, and the rapid submission of samples from drilling for analysis, provides little opportunity for sample tampering. Equally, given the umpire assaying via an external international laboratory and the regular ‘blind’ submission of international standards to both the primary and umpire assay facilities, any misleading analytical data would be readily recognised and investigated.
 
Current Keegan sampling procedures require samples to be collected in staple closed bags once taken from the rig. They are then transported to the Esaase camp to be picked up by the laboratory truck. The laboratory truck then takes them to the laboratory directly.
 
Reference material is retained and stored at the Keegan exploration camp at Esaase, as well as chips derived from RC drilling, half-core and photographs generated by Diamond drilling, and duplicate pulps and residues of all submitted samples. Assessment of the data indicates that the assay results are generally consistent with the logged alteration and mineralisation, and are entirely consistent with the anticipated tenor of mineralisation.
 
Mineralogy
 
Gold mineralisation from the North Zone, South Zone and Deep Zone of the Project was examined by Giovanni Di Prisco of Terra Mineralogical Services.
 
Two main pulses of gold mineralisation were identified. It is believed that at an early stage, gold was deposited simultaneously to sulphides (mainly arsenopyrite and pyrite). This resulted in a pulse of fine to extremely fine gold particles occurring predominately as inclusions in arsenopyrite and also in pyrite. In addition, the grouping of very fine to extremely fine grained gold particles in arsenopyrite (spray of particles from ~ 5μm down to <0.2μm) strongly suggests that sub-microscopic bleb inclusions of gold in arsenopyrite also exist in the Esaase deposit. A second pulse of gold mineralisation was deposited post (main) sulphide phase and occurs predominately at gangue grain boundaries and along fractures cutting through silicate host rocks and sulphides. This second phase of gold mineralisation is markedly coarser (commonly >20μm) and carries the bulk of the gold mass observed in the Esaase samples.
 
 
 

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The main location of gold deposition occurs at selvages of quartz – iron carbonate veins cutting though the host rocks.
 
Native gold is by far the main gold carrier in the Esaase deposit (>99.5%). Very minor to trace amounts of electrum, native silver, and gold-silver telluride were also identified.
 
Overall, the majority of gold particles (by volume) occur at mineral grain boundaries and along fractures. Gold particles chiefly occur along mineral textures that would readily open under grinding stress (grain boundaries, fracture infills). Nevertheless, it was observed that there are substantially more gold particles occurring locked in sulphides in the samples from the South zone (approximately 20% inclusions) than in the North Zone (approximately 2% inclusion).
 
In the North Zone and Deep Zone, the majority of gold particles are intergrown with silicate gangue. Lesser amounts occur intergrown with sulphides (mainly pyrite and arsenopyrite), and only minor amounts with Iron carbonates. In the South Zone the main mineral association of gold particles is with sulphide gangue.
 
Most (more than 75%) of the gold particles identified in the North Zone and South Zone present a recalculated diameter finer than 5μm, whereas gold particles with a recalculated diameter coarser than 25μm account for only approximately 3% of all the identified particles. Yet, these 3% particles coarser than 25μm account for close to 75% of the gold volume observed. In the Deep Zone approximately 90% of the gold volume observed is contained in particles with recalculated diameter coarser than 25μm. This indicates that gold mineralisation at the Project is particularly well suited for recovery using gravity processes.
 
Metallurgical Testing

Three metallurgical test programs were completed and incorporated into the PFS, with metallurgical testwork on-going in preparation of the Definitive Feasibility Study (DFS).

The Phase 1 test program was completed in 2008, whilst the Phase 2 program was completed in 2009. The Phase 3 program, utilising PQ core was completed in 2010.

Testwork has largely been focused on the following areas:
·  
Mineralogical investigation
·  
Metallurgical response
·  
Variability testing along the strike and at varying depths within the deposit
·  
Gravity concentration
·  
Reagent scoping tests and optimisations
·  
Preg-robbing assessment
·  
Comminution
·  
Leach time optimization
·  
Tailings grading and elemental analysis
·  
Flowsheet development

During Phase 1 and Phase 2, ore mineralisation was classified into three main types based on rock alteration and degree of weathering. They were:

·  
Oxide for strongly oxidised material found near the topographic surface;
·  
Transition for weakly oxidised material; and
 
 
 

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·  
Fresh for unoxidised material located beneath the zone of weathering.

Mineralised core intervals were selected based on gold grade and weathering classification. The lengths were chosen to represent potentially mineable intervals. The average grade of the interval selected was at or above the lower cutoff grade, commonly near the average grade of the deposit, and within the oxide, transition or fresh zones. Two metres of core were added to either end of a given interval to provide information on the bounding low grade or waste rock, which would be practically included in a bulk mining operation. No direct correlation has been found between lithology and mineralised grade and distribution. Mineralisation cuts across lithological boundaries and consists primarily of:

·  
Fine gold associated with sulphide mineralisation within shales or at lithology contacts; and
·  
Coarse gold associated with cross-cutting quartz carbonate veins.

The Phase 3 metallurgical testing program began with the three PQ core master composites to establish the optimum baseline conditions, including particle size, gravity separation, leaching/CIL and solid liquid separation parameters. Variability testing was then performed on composited intervals from all three sample groups, PQ core, HQ core assay rejects and RC drills cuttings.

Extractive metallurgical testing investigated three related flowsheets. The base flowsheet was gravity / CIL, as tested during previous metallurgical campaigns. The additional flowsheets built on the gravity / CIL flowsheet, adding either an additional gravity separation or flotation concentration steps to improve gold recovery. The flowsheets investigated include:

·  
Gravity / CIL flowsheet, which simulated grind, centrifugal concentration in the grinding circuit and CIL leaching of the gravity tailing. The gravity concentrate was subjected to high intensity cyanidation. This was the base case flowsheet.
·  
Enhanced gravity separation flowsheet, which simulated grind, centrifugal concentration in the grinding circuit, spiral concentration of the cyclone overflow (gravity tailing), regrind of the spiral concentrates and CIL leaching of the combined reground concentrate and gravity tailing.
·  
Flotation flowsheet, which simulated grind, centrifugal concentration in the grinding circuit, flotation of the cyclone overflow, regrind of the flotation concentrates and CIL leaching of the combined reground flotation concentrates and gravity tailing.

Key drivers in the selection of the flowsheet are:

·  
The ore contains coarse free gold, which is amenable to gravity concentration;
·  
The ore contains organic carbon, with significant gold loading or preg-robbing characteristics; and
·  
The ore contains a high specific gravity component, including the minor amounts of sulphide minerals pyrite and arsenopyrite, which include fine gold that is not liberated at typical grind sizes and consequently does not leach to completion under standard CIL circuit operating conditions.
 
Whilst testwork during Phase 1, Phase 2 and the initial stages of Phase 3 focused on determining the most favourable design parameters utilising a conventional flowsheet comprising primary and secondary grinding, gravity separation using a centrifugal concentrator and leaching of the gravity tail via carbon-in-leach (CIL) to minimise preg-robbing by organic carbon present in the ore, further Phase 3 testwork focused on applying the gravity concentration / CIL flowsheet to individual drill intercept samples to define metallurgical performance variability across the deposit.
 
 
 

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An additional step was introduced into the testwork procedure at this time to reduce the high mass recovery to concentrate generated by the laboratory Knelson Concentrator. This change in procedure resulted in the identification of a high specific gravity, and/or sulphidic component of the ore containing very fine gold that is attached to, or encapsulated within sulphide minerals such as arsenopyrite. This gravity concentrate material had been treated successfully using intensive cyanide leaching but, due to the physical deportment of the gold within it, standard CIL leach conditions failed to achieve the target residue grade. Testwork has demonstrated that incorporation of an additional gravity concentration step into the flowsheet with regrinding of this gravity concentrate prior to conventional CIL successfully addresses this issue, generating the low leach residue grades reported during Phase 1 and Phase 2 testwork.
 
Flotation testwork has demonstrated that producing a throw-away tail is possible in a single roughing stage when processing fresh material. However, it appears likely that leaching of the flotation tail would be necessary to achieve optimum gold recovery from oxide and transition material. Consequently, incorporation of flotation into the flowsheet was ruled out.
 
Mineral Processing

Based on testwork completed to date, adoption of the following flowsheet was recommended for the PFS:
·  
Primary crushing;
·  
Grinding circuit comprising primary (SAG) and secondary (Ball) mills;
·  
Recovery of free gold from the cyclone feed stream by centrifugal concentrators;
·  
Gold recovery by intensive cyanide leaching of concentrate produced by the centrifugal concentrators;
·  
Recovery of the high SG fraction from cyclone overflow using spiral concentrators;
·  
Regrinding of spiral concentrate to a P80 of approximately 20 μm;
·  
Gold recovery from spiral tails and reground spiral concentrate in a conventional carbon- in-leach (CIL) circuit;
·  
Split AARL carbon elution; and
·  
Detoxification of residual cyanide in CIL tailings using the Inco Air-SO2 process.
 
MINERAL RESOURCE ESTIMATES
 
 
Cautionary Note to U.S. Investors Concerning Estimates of Indicated Mineral Resources. The following paragraph and accompanying table refers to “indicated mineral resources”.  We advise U.S. investors that while this term is recognized and, in certain circumstances, required by Canadian securities regulations (under National Instrument 43-101 - Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects, as adopted by the Canadian Securities Administrators), it is not recognized by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.  The estimation of “indicated mineral resources” involves greater uncertainty as to their economic feasibility than the estimation of proven and probable reserves.  U.S. investors are cautioned not to assume that any part or all of the mineral deposits in this category will ever be converted into reserves.
Cautionary Note to U.S. Investors Concerning Estimates of Inferred Mineral Resources. The following paragraph and accompanying table below also refers to “inferred mineral resources”.  We advise U.S. investors that while this term is recognized and, in certain circumstances, required by Canadian securities regulations (under National Instrument 43-101 - Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects, as adopted by the Canadian Securities Administrators), it is not recognized by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. The estimation of “inferred mineral resources” involves far greater uncertainty as to their existence, economic viability and legal feasibility than the estimation of other categories of resources.  It cannot be assumed that all or any part of an inferred mineral resource will ever be upgraded to a higher category.  Under Canadian securities legislation, estimates of inferred mineral resources may not form the basis of feasibility or pre-feasibility studies, or economic studies, except in rare cases.  U.S. investors are cautioned not to assume that part or all of an inferred mineral resource exists, or is economically or legally mineable.
 
 
 

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Coffey Mining has estimated the Mineral Resource for the Esaase Gold Project as at 1st August 2011. All grade estimation was completed using Multiple Indicator Kriging (‘MIK’) and Ordinary Kriging (‘OK’) for gold. This estimation approach was considered appropriate based on review of a number of factors, including the quantity and spacing of available data, the interpreted controls on mineralisation, and the style and geometry of mineralisation. In the case of the Main and South Domains, MIK was chosen as the estimation method as the mineralisation has been interpreted as a thick, tabular continuous horizon of mineralisation with a highly variable gold grade distribution and a relatively large number of drillhole intersections. Within these domains higher grade veins are emplaced in a lower grade background and the individual mineralisation boundaries of these high grade veins can be difficult to define. MIK has therefore been chosen as an appropriate grade estimation method to adequately define the mineralisation.
 
OK has been chosen as an appropriate grade estimation method for the other interpreted domains as overall, they are thinner mineralised bodies with less drillhole intersections and sharper margins to the mineralised bodies. The estimation was constrained with geological and mineralisation interpretations.
 
A summary of the estimated resources for the Esaase Gold Project is provided in Table 14.12_1 below. The preferred lower cutoff grade for reporting is 0.4g/t Au.
 
 
 

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Graphic
 
Third party database verification, grade shell geometry, variography, and multiple indicator and ordinary kriging were executed out of the Perth office of Coffey Mining.
 
All grade estimation for the resource estimates on the Esaase Property was completed using Multiple Indicator Kriging for gold.  This estimation approach was considered appropriate based on review of a number of factors, including the quantity and spacing of available data, the interpreted controls on mineralization, and the style of mineralization.  The estimation was constrained with geological and mineralization interpretations.  The 2011 Resource Estimates was based on the available exploration drillhole database which was compiled by Coffey Mining Pty Ltd., and the database was reviewed and validated by Coffey Mining Pty Ltd.  Data included samples from extensive trenching, but only the RC and diamond drilling sample data were included for use in the modelling process.
 
Samples were composited to 3m down-hole lengths with residual intervals less than 1.5m length being deleted from the composite file.  Prior to deletion of composites less than 1.5m, statistical analysis was undertaken to determine the impact on mean gold grades.  Deletion of these composites was deemed to have negligible impact on mean grades and was therefore appropriate.  The resulting file contained 13,496 composites with gold grades within mineralized domains.
 
 
 

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The 2011 Resource Estimates were classified as indicated or inferred resources based on the confidence levels of the key criteria that were considered during the resource estimation, including drilling techniques, logging, drill sample recovery, sub-sampling techniques and sample preparation, quality of assay data, verification of sampling and assaying, location of sampling points, data density and distribution, database integrity, geological interpretation, rock dry bulk density, estimation and modeling techniques, and mining factors or assumptions (Multiple Indicator Kriging; 8mE x 10mN x 2.5mRL Selective Mining Unit).
 
MINERAL RESERVE ESTIMATES
 
This section provides a summary of the methodology used and the economic criteria applied to derive at the Mineral Reserves as tabulated in this section.
 
The Mineral Reserves were determined as part of the PFS that was completed in September 2011. The PFS was based on an update of the Mineral Resources as of 1st August 2011.
 
The PFS was based on mine planning work that was undertaken utilising the Measured and Indicated Resources only. This Reserve estimate has been determined and reported in accordance with Canadian National Instrument 43-101, ‘Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects’ of June 2011 (the Instrument) and the classifications adopted by CIM Council in November 2010.
 
The Mineral Reserve was based on a cutoff of 0.4g/t Au and was determined as of September 1, 2011.
 
Graphic
 
The reported Mineral Reserves have been compiled by Mr Harry Warries. Mr Warries is a Fellow of the Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy and an employee of Coffey Mining Pty Ltd. He has sufficient experience, relevant to the style of mineralisation and type of deposit under consideration and to the activity he is undertaking, to qualify as a Qualified Person as defined in the CIM Definition Standards, as well as a Competent Person as defined by the ‘Australasian Code for Reporting of Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves’ of December 2004 (“JORC Code”) as prepared by the Joint Ore Reserves Committee of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, the Australian Institute of Geoscientists and the Minerals Council of Australia.
 
A number of factors may materially affect the reserve estimates. These factors include, but are not limited to, environmental, permitting, legal, title tax, socio-economical, marketing and political, economical or other factors. In the case of the Project, most of these factors are well understood and have been described in other sections of this report.
 
 
 

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Nevertheless, it is noted that the economic parameters that have an impact on the revenue stream of the Project, have the largest impact on the Project economic viability. The three parameters identified that adversely affect the revenue stream of the Project the most are listed below:
 
·  
Gold Price
 
The gold price of $1,150/oz adopted for the Project economics was based on the three year trailing average as of July 2011. However, the gold market has experienced tremendous growth and prosperity over the last three years and prices continue to remain robust. The average gold price for 2010 was $1,225/oz, whereas the average gold price for 2011 (January to October inclusive) is $1,545/oz.
 
·  
Gold Grade
 
The resource delineation at the Project has been undertaken over a number of years and it is based on extensive RC drilling, which resulted in a good understanding of the mineralisation style and grade tenor. As such, it is believed that the gold grade at the Project is well understood.
 
·  
Metallurgical Recoveries.
 
Metallurgical testwork programs have been undertaken in three phases since 2008 and are on-going. Whilst the process flow sheet will be finetuned for the DFS, it is believed that, with the current available metallurgical data, the metallurgical recoveries are well understood.
 
It is the opinion of Coffey Mining that, excepting the parameters discussed above and the legal proceeding entered into by Sametro, there are no other material factors that may affect the mineral reserve estimates. Coffey Mining accepts that the outcome of the legal proceeding entered into by Sametro may have a material effect on the resource estimate for Keegan, however as Coffey Mining are not legal experts in the jurisdiction of Ghana, Coffey Mining is unable to offer an opinion as to the extent of this materiality.
 
Proposed Mining Operations
 
Based on a projected ten year mine life, which is generally longer than the expected useful mine equipment life, an owner mining scenario was adopted for the PFS. It is the intent to review contract mining at the DFS stage.
 
Open Pit Work Roster
 
The mining operations are scheduled to work 365 days in a year, less unscheduled delays such as high rainfall events which may cause mining operations to be temporarily suspended.
 
It was assumed that the mine workforce will operate on a two shift, three panel roster, seven days a week, in two 11 hour working shifts with the equipment services scheduled as required.
 
For example, a six and three (6/3) roster could be considered, which would equate to 6 days on day shift, 3 days off, 6 days on night shift, 3 days off.
 
The crushing plant is scheduled to operate continuously except for planned maintenance periods.
 
 
 

- 49 -
 
Bench Height
 
The height of the mining benches is usually determined according to physical characteristics of the mineralisation and its impact on selectivity and dilution control.
 
Both ore and waste could be drilled and blasted on standard 10m benches, and then mined by hydraulic backhoe configured excavators; nominally on three 4m high faces, taking into account blast induced swell, into rear dump, off highway, haul trucks.
 
An initial review indicated that between 15% to 20% of the waste could be mined as 10m benches, with the bulk of this volume located on the hanging wall or north of the mineralisation. This volume may justify the purchase of a hydraulic excavator in shovel configuration.
 
The final bench height will need to be reviewed in any future study to reflect the mining unit selected for waste and ore mining.
 
In addition, the bench height needs to be reviewed in light of drill and blast requirements, particularly with regards to issues arising from local communities being located proximal to the Project.
 
Drill and Blast
 
Rock fragmentation will be undertaken by drilling and blasting and, based on the preliminary rock characteristics obtained during the geotechnical investigation, it was assumed that 50% of the weathered material and 100% of the fresh material will require blasting.
 
The pit configuration bench height and waste material type anticipated at the Project suit drill rigs capable of drilling drillholes with a diameter of between 115mm to 165mm.
 
The blast pattern is dictated by the powder factor required to ensure appropriate fragmentation and heave. The selection of the powder factor is based on the UCS (Unconfined Compressive Strength) measurement results obtained from the preliminary excavation characterisation work. For weathered material, the UCS range between 8MPa to 12MPa, which suggest the concept of a very weak rock. For fresh material, the UCS range between 28MPa to 80MPa, which suggest a weak to moderately strong rock.
 
Load and Haul
 
The total material movement at the Project has been estimated at between 45Mtpa and 50Mtpa.
 
Coffey Mining believes that a mining fleet comprising 200t to 350t excavators and 90t to 150t capacity dump trucks would be suited for the scale of mining envisaged.
 
The ore is assumed to be hauled to a single ROM pad located due west of the life of mine (LOM) pit.
 
For the purpose of the PFS, the bulk of the waste is assumed to be dumped to the north west of the main pit, with the southern part of the pit being backfilled.
 
Stockpiling and Reclaiming
 
Due to the waste to ore strip ratio, scheduling issues, ore presentation and equipment availability, it will not be possible to direct tip ore all of the time. The difference between the mobile and fixed operating hours, the mining fleet is expected to operate an average of between 5,500hr/yr and 6,000hr/yr but the crushing circuit will operate over 6,500hr/yr, immediately creates a requirement to rehandle a minimum of between 10% and 15% of the ore.
 
 
 

- 50 -
 
It has been assumed that between 30% and 40% of all ore sent directly to the ROM pad will be stockpiled and rehandled due to ore blending and scheduling requirements.
 
Process Flowsheet
 
The process plant has been designed to treat 9.0 million tonnes per annum when processing predominantly oxide material and 7.5 million tonnes per annum of fresh material.
 
Based on testwork completed to date, the following process flowsheet was adopted for the PFS:
 
Primary crushing;
 
·  
Grinding circuit comprising primary (SAG) and secondary (Ball) mills;
 
·  
Recovery of free gold from the cyclone feed stream by centrifugal concentrators;
 
·  
Gold recovery by intensive cyanide leaching of concentrate produced by the centrifugal concentrators;
 
·  
Recovery of the high SG fraction from cyclone overflow using spiral concentrators;
 
·  
Regrinding of spiral concentrate to a P80 of approximately 20 microns;
 
·  
Gold recovery from spiral tails and reground spiral concentrate in a conventional carbon- in-leach (CIL) circuit;
 
·  
Split AARL carbon elution; and
 
·  
Destruction of residual cyanide in CIL tailings using the Inco Air-SO2 process.
 
 
 

- 51 -
 
Graphic
 
PROJECT INFRASTRUCTURE
 
Together with lease boundaries, location of existing settlements and features such as forested areas with high conservation value, the topography of the project site has had a significant influence on the location of project infrastructure.
 
The Project is located in the Bonte River valley which runs north-east to south-west through the Esaase and Jeni River concessions. The majority of the Project development and infrastructure is located on the Esaase concession. The typical elevation of the valley is 300m above sea level (ASL) at the north end, falling to below 250m ASL in the south. Land surrounding the valley is undulating, with ridges rising to 450m to 500m ASL.
 
The open pit is located to the south-east side of the valley, on the site of a ridge rising to over 400m ASL. Project facilities, including the processing plant, ROM pad and crusher, will be located approximately 1km to 1.5km away from the pit generally downstream and to the north-west.
 
 
 

- 52 -
 
Graphic
 
CAPITAL AND OPERATING COSTS
 
Project Capital Cost Summary
 
The total capital cost estimate for the Project is summarised in Table 21.1.1_1.
Graphic
 
 
 

- 53 -
 
The capital estimate in Table 21.1.1_1 includes contingency of $53.7 million in the initial capital, but excludes escalation, the cost of the mining fleet, which were incorporated into the mine operating costs by way of fleet leasing charges. In addition, the total capital cost excludes any allowance for working capital.
 
Project Operating Cost Summary
 
The operating cost estimate is expressed in United States dollars based on prices and market conditions at first quarter 2011 (1Q11).
 
The estimate is considered to have an accuracy of ±25%.
 
Project operating costs are summarised in Table 21.2.2_1.
 
Graphic
 
Mining Costs
 
Introduction The three main components comprising the mining equipment operating costs are:
 
·  
Maintenance  - Maintenance costs were based on a maintenance and repair contract (MARC) to be provided by the original equipment manufacturers (OEM).
 
·  
Consumables - A diesel fuel price of $1.20/L was adopted for the PFS. Explosives costs were based on $1,100/t of emulsion.
 
·  
Labour - An average annual labour cost for mine equipment operators of $22,600 was adopted for the PFS.
 
Process and Administration Costs
 
A breakdown of the process and administration costs is shown in Table 21.2.4_1. Electrical power cost was based on $0.15/kWh.
 
 
 

- 54 -

Graphic
 
Organisational Structure
 
The operation will be managed by a senior management team comprising the general manager, manager mining, process manager and administration manager.
 
Ghanaian candidates for all senior positions will be actively sought, with the Project likely to have a quota of three expatriate staff imposed by the government as part of its permit conditions.
 
For the purposes of preparing a preliminary operating budget it has been assumed that the positions of general manager, manager mining and process manager will be those initially filled by expatriates.
 
It is estimated that there will be a total of 643 employees, 475 of which will be directly employed by Keegan, with the balance covering permanent site contractors and casuals. A breakdown by department and grade is provided in Table 21.2.5_1.
 
Graphic
Project Permitting Process
 
The primary permits required for the development of the Project are an Environmental Permit issued by the Minister of Environment on recommendation of the EPA, and an amendment to the existing mining leases issued by the Minister of Lands, Forestry and Mines on the advice of the Minerals Commission. Various other permits from other government departments will also be required (e.g., water abstraction permits), but are relatively secondary in nature.
 
 
 

- 55 -
 
The processes outlined below may be refined pending further discussions with the EPA, Minerals Commission and other regulatory stakeholders. The processes may also be subject to change and/or require reiterative steps, pending changes in project design, findings of the impact assessment process and stakeholder consultation and negotiation.
 
Environmental Permit
 
Keegan submitted an Environmental Scoping Report (ESR) in July 2010, which the EPA has approved. The Draft EIS is planned for submission in March 2012.
 
Following submission of the Draft EIS, the EPA will convene a public hearing in the Project locality to solicit feedback and concerns. Additional studies or consultations with stakeholders may be necessary before the EPA is satisfied to approve the EIS and issue an Environmental Permit. Similarly, if material changes are made to the Project design during the Definitive Feasibility Study, additional studies or consultations may need to be undertaken and the EIS revised.
 
Due to the potential size of the Project and following approval of the EIS, a Security Agreement may be negotiated to set out the level of project royalties, taxes and other fiscal conditions for a period of 15 years. The Security Agreement would also include agreed / legal reclamation criteria, and set out the reclamation liability and reclamation bond conditions. In the event a Security Agreement is not entered into, the existing mining lease conditions will apply.
 
Mining Lease
 
Keegan holds existing mining leases over the Esaase and Jeni River concessions, valid until 4 September 2020 and 22 March 2020 respectively.The mining leases were originally granted to Bonte Gold Mines Ltd. (BGM) for their alluvial mining operations. Under Section 45 of the Minerals and Mining Act, 2006 (Act 703), Keegan will need to apply to the Minister of Lands, Forestry and Mines via the Minerals Commission for intended amendments to the programme of mining operations (i.e., hard rock mining versus alluvial mining). Prior to expiration in 2020, the mining leases can be renewed for up to an additional 30 year period.
 
The application requires a Draft Mine Operating Plan, which must include a copy of the Feasibility Study and a draft Cyanide Management Plan as appendices.
 
Keegan will also apply for an amended Mining Area, to be granted by the Minister of Lands, Forestry and Mines upon recommendation of the Minerals Commission.
 
Environmental and Social Management System Planning and Management
 
Environmental and social management of the Project will be administered through a chain of command that includes corporate oversight, site management, local employees, contractors and subcontractors. Keegan will appoint experienced managers who will be responsible for:
 
·  
Complying with local, national, international, and financial lending institution laws, regulations, policies, and guidelines, as appropriate.
 
·  
Ensuring that the required social and environmental management activities are implemented and maintained.
 
 
 

- 56 -
 
·  
Reporting on the effectiveness of such activities to executive management for review and corrective action, as necessary.
 
Keegan will continue developing the capabilities and support mechanisms necessary to administer social and environmental management, and on raising the level of company-wide awareness of social and environmental requirements, expectations, and benefits. Health, safety, environmental protection, social issues and community development will be among the project’s highest priorities.
 
Planning to minimise or mitigate potential environmental and social impacts is an integral part of the Project. The planning process focuses on fulfilling health, safety, social and environmental legislation and guidelines of the Republic of Ghana. Planning will be an ongoing activity through project design, development, operation and closure as activities and conditions of the project progress and change.
 
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

The economic evaluation of the Project was based upon:
 
·  
Mine schedule and mining operating cost estimates based on an owner-operated, leased mining fleet.
 
·  
A three-year trailing average gold price of $1,150/oz (3Q2011).
 
·  
The cashflow analysis is based on full equity funding, therefore no provision has been
 
·  
made for interest on cost of capital.
 
·  
No provision has been made for corporate head office G&A costs during operations.
 
·  
No provision has been made for escalation or inflation.
 
·  
Working capital has been excluded from the cashflow model.
 
·  
The economic assessment has been undertaken in US dollars.
 
·  
No provision has been made for additional taxation or costs related to the repatriation of funds from Ghana.
 
 
 

- 57 -
 
Table 22.1_1 presents a summary of the production information on which the cashflow model is based.
 
Graphic
 
A summary of the Project cashflow is provided in Table 22.2_1.
Graphic
 
 

- 58 -
 
Based on the cashflow as shown in Table 22.2_1 the Project’s Net Present value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and payback were determined, a summary of which is provided in Table 22.3_1.

Graphic
 

 
Royalty
 
Royalties are allowed at 5.5% of revenue, of which the respective breakdown is 5.0% payable to the Government of Ghana (GoG) and 0.5% payable to the Bonte Liquidation Committee.
 
Royalties are calculated as a percentage of gross revenue.
 
Tax
 
Provision has been made for company tax at 25% (note – effective 2012, the corporate tax rate for mining companies in Ghana became 35%; the change in tax rate will have a negative impact on the project economics) of gross profit.
 
Tax losses are carried forward over a period of up to five years from the year in which the loss was incurred.

 
 
 

- 59 -
 
The Asumura Property
 
The Asumura Property is without known reserves and the work being done by Keegan is exploratory in nature. Keegan’s interest in this property stemmed from earlier exploration work, as described below, that was done in the area.
 
Acquisition of Interest
 
Keegan entered into an agreement with GTE Ventures Ltd. (“GTE”), an unrelated privately held Ghanaian company, which allows Keegan to acquire 100% of the Asumura Property by performing work expenditures totaling $1 million, deliver cash payments adding together $100,000 and delivering shares of Keegan totaling $100,000 in value over a period of three years, under the following schedule:
 
pay $100,000 as follows:

 
-
$10,000 upon signing the agreement (paid);
 
-
$30,000 on or before October 8, 2006 (paid through the issuance of 16,775 shares)
 
-
$60,000 on or before October 8, 2007. (paid through the issuance of 20,087 shares)
 
issue common shares of the Company with a value of $100,000 to GTE as follows:

 
-
common shares with a value of $10,000 upon regulatory approval (issued  13,899 shares);
 
-
common shares with a value of $30,000 based on the 10 day average closing price prior to issuance on or before October 8, 2006 (issued 16,775 shares); and,
 
-
common shares with a value of $60,000 based on the 10 day average closing price prior to issuance on or before October 8, 2007 (issued 20,088 shares).
 
complete $1,000,000 of exploration work on the Asumura Property as follows:
 
 
-
$80,000 on or before July 31, 2005, (incurred);
 
-
an additional US$400,000 on or before July 31, 2006 (incurred); and
 
-
an additional US$520,000 on or before July 31, 2007 (incurred).
 
The Company has met all the above commitments and now has an undivided 100% private interest in the Asumura Property subject to a 3.5% NSR royalty, 50% of which may be purchased for $2,000,000. If the property is converted to a Mining License, it may become subject to a 5% gross revenue royalty and 10% ownership by the Ghanaian government. 11,270 shares were issued to Hunter Dickinson Inc. as finder’s fees with respect to the original option agreement.
 
During the year ended March 31, 2008, the Company acquired an option to purchase the remaining 50% of the GTE NSR royalty for an additional $4,000,000.
 
 
 

- 60 -
 
Location

Graphic
 
 
The Asumura Property is located in the southwestern part of Ghana and is divided into two parts by the Bia River. The western part of the property is within the Western Region of Ghana in the Juabeso Bia District and the eastern part is in the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana.
 
Accessibility, Climate, Infrastructure and Physiography
 
Asumura Property is accessible from the town of Kumasi by road, the majority of which is asphalt. The last 22 miles is a laterite road. Laterite is a surface formation, found mostly in tropical areas, which is enriched in iron and aluminum. Within the property, there is a good network of laterite roads and foot trails, which provide access for the exploration crews.
 
Annual rainfall is between 58 inches and 78 inches and temperatures vary between 72 degrees and 97 degrees Fahrenheit with an average of about 84 degrees Fahrenheit. A major rainy season occurs from April to July followed by a minor one from September through October.
 
The closest town, Goaso, is about 24 miles away. It contains hotels, markets and restaurants, hospitals and medical clinics, a cell phone tower, a network of land phones connected to the Ghana Telephone system via radio, and an internet café with satellite dish.
 
The Asumura Property is sparsely populated.
 
 
 

- 61 -
 
Land Status, Existing Agreements and Permits to Work
 
The Asumura Property currently consists of two exploration concessions:  Fosukrom and Asumura, which together equal 279.4 sq km.  Keegan entered into an agreement with GTE, which allows Keegan to acquire 100% of the private interest in the Asumura Property by performing work expenditures totaling $1 million, deliver cash payments adding together $100,000 and delivering shares of Keegan totaling $100,000 in value over a period of three years. GTE will retain a 3.5% Net Smelter Return, 50% of which may be purchased for $2 million by Keegan.  The Ghanaian government is also entitled to claim a 5% revenue royalty after the property is converted to a mining license; a 3% has been standard in recent history.  The Ghanaian government is also entitled to participate up to 10% in the project.  During the year ended March 31, 2008, the Company acquired an option to purchase the remaining 50% of the GTE NSR royalty for an additional $4,000,000.
 
The exploration license allows Keegan permission to trench and drill on the property, providing Keegan obtains a permit from the EPA.  Keegan obtained its permits for 2006 in January 2006 and has renewed these permits annually from 2007 up to 2011.
 
Regional and Property Geology
 
The Asumura Property is located in Southwest Ghana which is dominated by the Birmian Supergroup of metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks with various granitoid intrusions. Within the Birmian Supergroup, northeast striking mafic metavolcanic belts are separated from intervening metasedimentary basins by major faults. The Asumura Property is situated on the NW edge of the Sefwi-Bibiani Greenstone Belt along a well-defined zone of gold occurrences. It covers a 6 kilometer segment of grandiorite-metasediment contact and a 5 kilometer segment of a metavolcanic-metasediment contact.
 
Through surface geochemistry and aeromagnetic and EM studies, three major gold bearing regional structures have been located on the property, one of which is the belt bounding structure mentioned in the previous paragraph.
 
History
 
The Asumura Property was once licensed by Anglo American Plc., an unrelated public company. Keegan is unaware of any surface exploration that Anglo American carried out in the area.  There are no recorded mineral resources, reserves, or production from this property.  When Keegan entered into the option agreement with GTE, there were no known exploration samples of any kind taken from the property.  Zaknet, Inc., a private Ghanaian company unrelated to Keegan, acquired a reconnaissance concession from the Ghanaian government in 2003.  They quit, claimed the property to GTE in 2004 and Keegan entered into an option agreement with GTE in 2005.
 
Recent Activities by Keegan
 
Keegan initially explored the concession using stream sediment techniques.  After discovering significant stream sediment anomalies, Keegan conducted reconnaissance soil sampling in the drainages, which showed anomalous gold in the stream sediments.  Keegan subsequently used grid sampling soil techniques at approximately 100 meter line spacing and 25 meter sample spacing together with induced polarization (“IP”) geophysical surveying.  The end result was the discovery of three distinct anomalies in the Twiapasi, Wagyakrom and Mangoase areas. The Twiapasi and Wagyakrom anomalies are on the southern side of a large topographic depression that hosts the Bia River and one of its major tributaries.  The Mangoase anomaly is on the north side of the trough and parallels the east north east trend. The next phase will include further soil sampling, induced polarization geophysical studies and augur drilling.
 
 
 

- 62 -
 
Keegan received approval from the Ghanaian government during the latter part of 2005 to convert its holdings from reconnaissance to exploration concessions. This conversion allowed exploration trenching and drilling to proceed after successful permitting from the EPA in early 2006.
 
The Company began drilling at the Asumura Property shortly after receiving the approval from the Ghanaian government. Keegan drilled 124 shallow (30-102 meter) reverse circulation holes and 13 core holes.  Keegan discovered from 10-30 meter widths of 0.5-1.68 g/t Au mineralization at the Wagyakrom and Mangoase anomalies.
 
Subsequent to the initial drilling, Keegan was able to obtain aeromagnetic geophysical data for the entire property that caused Keegan to prioritize the existing Mangoase area and to identify a new potential mineralized structure: the Bia structure, which underlies the previously described topographic depression transcending the length of the property.  This zone had not been previously explored due to alluvial cover.
 
In July 2007, the Company discovered the NW anomaly, which coincides with a large regional north east trending fault coincident with an aeromagnetic break in the northwestern portion of the property. The anomaly is over 5.5 km long and varies from 300 -- 500 meters wide and is defined very consistently by Au values obtained in the low lying, deeply lateritic soils.   In January of 2008 the company released auger results of up to 5900 ppb Au from the NW zone, following up on the previously mentioned soil anomalies
 
In March of 2008, the company conducted a small reverse circulation reconnaissance drilling program.  An intercept of 14 meters of 14.48 g/t Au was intersected on the NW structure.
 
In April of 2008, Keegan obtained the contiguous Mt. Olives reconnaissance concession, which tripled the size of the Asumura Property. The Company completed surface exploration during April and September of 2008 comprising stream sediment and soil sampling on the Mt. Olives reconnaissance concession along with a continuous program of soil and auger sampling on the Asumura exploration concessions. During the year ended March 31, 2009, the Company terminated its option agreement on the Mt. Olives concession.
 
The fiscal 2010 exploration program consisted of auger sampling and testing of soil anomalies along the NW, Mangoase, Wagyakrom Spur and Bia anomalies and a regional gravity survey (conducted by Newmont Mining Corporation under a confidentiality agreement) in order to obtain a gravity map for the entire concession. These programs identified drill worthy targets and Keegan designed a drill program and has since proceeded to drill.

During the second quarter of the fiscal year ending March 31, 2011, the Company initiated its drill program on the Asumura Gold Property. The company spent $1.45 million on Asumura Gold Property for the year ended March 31, 2011 compared to $0.4 million in the same period of the previous fiscal year.
With the completion of the field program in March 2011, management focused on reviewing its technical data to determine the next phase for the project.

There are no exploration expenditures incurred on Asumura Gold Property for the year ended March 31, 2012.
 
Rock Formations and Mineralization of Potential Economic Significance
 
The Asumura Property is located on the Ahafo structure, a major fault bounding structure on the NW edge of the Sefwi-Bibiani Greenstone Belt, a well-defined aeromagnetic feature along which many gold occurrences occur. Volcanic and granitic rocks dominate the belts, while basin
 
 
 

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sedimentary rocks occur outboard to the belt. Approximately 15 km of this tectonic-depositional boundary is contained within the Asumura Concession.  Parallel faults that divide sedimentary and metaclastic rocks of the basin, such as the NW fault are also gold bearing.  The geophysical and gravity maps show that these may be outbound basinal faults related to the same event which formed the Ahafo fault.
 
Condition and Description of Equipment, Plants and Infrastructure
 
There are no existing equipment, plants or infrastructure on the Asumura Property.
 
Potential Sources of Power and Water
 
The closest town, Goaso, is about 24 miles away from the Asumura Property. It contains hotels, markets and restaurants, hospitals and medical clinics, a cell phone tower, a network of land phones connected to the Ghana telephone system via radio, and high voltage, high tension power lines connected to the national power grid.
 
DIVIDENDS
 
Keegan has no fixed dividend policy and has not declared any dividends on its Common Shares since its incorporation.  Keegan intends to retain its earnings, if any, to finance growth and expand its operations and does not anticipate paying any dividends on its Common Shares in the foreseeable future. Subject to the BCBCA, the actual timing, payment and amount of any dividends declared and paid by the Company will be determined by and at the sole discretion of Keegan’s board of directors from time to time based upon, among other factors, the Company’s cash flow, results of operations and financial condition, the need for funds to finance ongoing operations and exploration, and such other considerations as the board of directors in its discretion may consider or deem relevant.
 
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE
 
Common Shares
 
Keegan’s authorized capital consists of an unlimited number of Common Shares without par value.  As at the date of this AIF, there were 75,545,838 Common Shares issued and outstanding. The following is a summary of the material provisions that attach to the Common Shares:
 
Each Common Share entitles the holder to one vote at all meetings of the Company’s shareholders.  The holders of the Company’s Common Shares are entitled to receive during each year, as and when declared by the Board of Directors, dividends payable in money, property or by the issue of fully-paid Common Shares of Keegan.  If the Company is dissolved, wound-up, whether voluntary or involuntary, or there is a distribution of Keegan’s assets among shareholders for the purpose of winding-up its affairs, the holders of the Company’s Common Shares are entitled to receive Keegan’s remaining property.
 
There are no constraints imposed on the ownership of the Common Shares.
 
No Keegan securities have received any ratings from any rating organizations.
 
 
 

- 64 -
 
Stock Options
 
The Company has a stock option plan pursuant to which the directors of the Company are authorized to grant options to directors, officers, employees and consultants of the Company to purchase up to 10% of the issued and outstanding Common Shares of the Company.
 
As at the date of this AIF, a total of $ the share-based options were outstanding under the stock option plan as follows:
 
Number of Options
Exercise Price
Expiry Date
345,000
C$4.20
February 5, 2013
12,500
C$1.12
January 15, 2014
70,000
C$3.31
June 2, 2014
225,000
C$3.10
July 2, 2014
75,000
C$3.10
July 17, 2014
320,000
C$4.01
October 6, 2014
220,000
C$6.50
December 13, 2014
1,347,500
C$6.19
May 26, 2015
331,250
C$8.00
March 17, 2016
1,577,500
C$4.59
February 16, 2017
2,202,500
C$3.74
June 7, 2017
 
 
MARKET FOR SECURITIES
 
Trading Price and Volume
 
The Company’s common shares were traded on the TSX-V in Canada under the symbol “QSV” from June 25, 2001 to March 1, 2005 and thereafter under the symbol “KGN” until December 19, 2008.  Starting from January 2, 2008, the Company’s common shares have been trading on NYSE MKT  Equities Stock Exchange in the United States under the symbol “KGN”. Starting from December 22, 2008, the Company’s common shares have been trading on the TSX under the symbol “KGN”.
 
 
The following table sets out the high and low sale prices and the aggregate volume of trading of the Company’s Common Shares on the TSX and the TSX-V for the months indicated (Canadian Dollars).
 
 
High
Low
Volume
Date
(C$)
(C$)
(no. of Common Shares)
March 2012
5.03
3.49
3,869,119
February 2012
5.43
4.34
5,277,146
January 2012
4.31
3.70
4,010,736
December 2011
4.59
3.56
5,504,174
November 2011
6.27
3.91
7,081,440
October 2011
6.33
4.57
5,338,108
September 2011
9.59
4.80
23,429,774
August 2011
8.08
7.00
5,618,365
July 2011
8.05
7.36
1,938,600
June 2011
8.74
6.95
2,052,520
May 2011
8.80
7.38
3,783,479
April 2011
9.24
8.25
3,372,456
 
 
 

 
 
The following table sets out the high and low sale prices and the aggregate volume of trading of the Company’s Common Shares on the NYE MKT for the months indicated (US Dollars).
 
 
High
Low
Volume
Date
($)
($)
(no. of Common Shares)
March 2012
5.06
3.50
684,018
February 2012
5.45
4.13
1,016,277
January 2012
4.29
3.66
437,028
December 2011
4.50
3.44
854,249
November 2011
6.16
3.80
899,718
October 2011
6.25
4.29
873,048
September 2011
9.50
4.70
1,504,063
August 2011
8.27
7.04
286,648
July 2011
8.48
7.64
143,969
June 2011
8.93
7.10
285,281
May 2011
9.24
7.61
384,983
April 2011
9.56
8.54
247,334
 
Prior Sales
 
Keegan has no class of securities that is outstanding but not listed or quoted on a marketplace.
 
ESCROWED SECURITIES
 
To the Company’s knowledge, as of the date hereof, there are no securities of the Company held in escrow.
 
 
 

- 66 -
 
DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
 
Name, Occupation and Security Holding
 
The following table sets out the names, province or state and country of residence, positions with or offices held with the Company, and principal occupation for the past five years of each of Keegan’s directors and executive officers, as well as the period during which each has been a director of the Company.
 
The term of office of each director of Keegan expires at the annual general meeting of shareholders each year.
 
Name, Position and Province/State and Country of Residence(1)
Principal Occupation During the Past Five Years (1)
Director
Since(2)
No. of Common Shares Beneficially Owned or Controlled, Directly or Indirectly (3)
SHAWN WALLACE
Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and Director
British Columbia, Canada
Executive Chairman, CEO and Director of the Company; Chairman and Director of Cayden Resources Inc. (“Cayden”); Director of Stratton Resources Inc. (“Stratton”); Past Director of Full Metal Minerals Inc.
March 3, 2010
17,200
MARCEL DE GROOT(4)
Director
British Columbia, Canada
Lead Director of the Company; Past Director of Luna Gold Corp.; Director of Sandstorm Metals & Energy Ltd.; Director of Waterloo Resources Ltd.; Director of Esperanza Resources; and Past Director of Underworld Resources Inc.
October 1, 2009
Nil
DANIEL MCCOY
Director
Nevada, USA
Chief Geologist and Director of the Company; Past President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company; and Director of Cayden
November 25, 2004
60,900
KEITH MINTY(4)
Director
Parkhurst, South Africa
Director of the Company; and Director of Hunter Bay Minerals Plc
October 1, 2009
Nil
GORDON J. FRETWELL(4)
Director
British Columbia, Canada
Director of the Company; Director of Northern Dynasty Minerals Ltd.; Director of Benton Resources Corp; Director of Curis Resources Ltd.; and Director of Coro Mining Corp.
February 24, 2004
208,600
ROBERT SALI
Director
Singapore
Director of the Company; and past Senior Investment Advisor at Dundee Securities
April 12, 2012
830,000
GREG MCCUNN
Chief Financial Officer
British Columbia, Canada
Chief Financial Officer of the Company; past Chief Financial Officer of Farallon Mining Ltd.; and past Vice President, Project Development at Zincore Metals
April 4, 2011
Nil
MAURICE TAGAMI
Former President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
British Columbia, Canada
Resigned as President, Chief Executive Officer and Director of the Company on January 27, 2012.
April 16, 2010
Nil
ROBERT MCLEOD
Former Director of the Company
British Columbia, Canada
Resigned as Director of the Company on January 9, 2012.
February 3, 2005
24,500
   
TOTAL
1,141,200(5)
 
 
 

- 67 -
 
Notes:
(1)  
The information as to province of residence and principal occupation, is not within the knowledge of the Company, and has been individually provided by the respective directors and officers.
(2)  
Each of the Company’s directors was elected by the Company’s shareholders at an annual general meeting held on September 27, 2011 to serve until the next annual general meeting of shareholders or until a successor is elected or appointed.  The Company’s officers serve at the determination of the Company’s board of directors.
(3)  
The number of Common Shares beneficially owned, directly or indirectly, or over which control or direction is exercised, as at the date of this AIF is based upon information provided to the Company by individual directors and officers.  Unless otherwise indicated, such Common Shares are held directly.
(4)  
Member of the Audit Committee.
(5)  
As a group, the Company’s officers and directors own 1.5% of the issued and outstanding Common Shares of the Company.
 
Cease Trade Orders, Bankruptcies, Penalties or Sanctions
 
No director or executive officer of the Company is, as at the date of this AIF, or was within 10 years before the date of this AIF, a director, Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer of any company (including the Company), that:
 
(a)
was subject to an order that was issued while the director or executive officer was acting in the capacity as director, Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer, or
 
(b)
was subject to an order that was issued after the director or executive officer ceased to be a director, Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer and which resulted from an event that occurred while that person was acting in the capacity as director, Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer.
 
No director or executive officer of the Company, or a shareholder holding a sufficient number of securities of the Company to affect materially the control of the Company:
 
 
 

- 68 -
 
(a)
is, as at the date of this AIF, or has been within the 10 years before the date of this AIF, a director or executive officer of any company (including the Company) that, while that person was acting in that capacity, or within a year of that person ceasing to act in that capacity, became bankrupt, made a proposal under any legislation relating to bankruptcy or insolvency or was subject to or instituted any proceedings, arrangement or compromise with creditors or had a receiver, receiver manager or trustee appointed to hold its assets; or
 
(b)
has, within the 10 years before the date of this AIF, become bankrupt, made a proposal under any legislation relating to bankruptcy or insolvency, or become subject to or instituted any proceedings, arrangement or compromise with creditors, or had a receiver, receiver manager or trustee appointed to hold the assets of the director, executive officer or shareholder.
 
No director or executive officer of the Company, or a shareholder holding a sufficient number of securities of the Company to affect materially the control of the Company, has been subject to:
 
(a)
any penalties or sanctions imposed by a court relating to securities legislation or by a securities regulatory authority or has entered into a settlement agreement with a securities regulatory authority; or
 
(b)
any other penalties or sanctions imposed by a court or regulatory body that would likely be considered important to a reasonable investor in making an investment decision.
 
Conflicts of Interest
 
Directors and officers of Keegan are also directors, officers and/or promoters of other reporting and non-reporting issuers which raises the possibility of future conflicts in connection with property opportunities which they may become aware of and have a duty to disclose to more than the issuer on whose board they serve.  This type of conflict is common in the junior resource exploration industry and is not considered an unusual risk.  Conflicts, if any, will be subject to the procedures and remedies provided under the BCBCA.
 
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS AND REGULATORY ACTIONS
 
A lawsuit is on-going in Ghana wherein the plaintiff seeks to reclaim Keegan Ghana’s interests in its principal mineral property, the Esaase Concession.  A predecessor in interest of Keegan Ghana to the Esaase Concession, has commenced a lawsuit in Ghana seeking to recover Sametro’s interests in the Esaase Concession.
 
Effective October 31, 2011, the Company entered into a written settlement agreement with two parties who together hold a 60% interest in the outcome of the litigation. These parties acquired their interests in the litigation pursuant to a settlement agreement reached in 2010 with the principal plaintiff, Sametro, that was entered into the Ghana High Court at Tarkwa. Keegan Ghana's partial settlement agreement provides that the two settling parties will receive an aggregate of $1.5 million conditional primarily upon acceptance of the agreement by the Ghanaian Court and certain other conditions all of which can be waived by Keegan Ghana in its sole discretion. During the year ended March 31, 2012 Keegan Ghana made payments totaling $0.1 million and recorded a current liability of $1.4 million for the remainder of the settlement amount.
 
 
 

- 69 -
 
The Company continues to view the remaining litigation as without legal merit and the claim will be vigorously defended.  The Ghana Minerals Commission has also denied the allegations and filed a defense to the suit. While Keegan Ghana is confident in its legal position, lawsuits are inherently uncertain, an unfavourable ruling in the lawsuit could deprive Keegan Ghana of its most material asset, which would have severe adverse consequences on the value of the Company.  Should Sametro succeed with the interlocutory application, Keegan Ghana would be required to halt exploration activities on the Esaase Property, delaying Keegan’s exploration program.  Such delay could have a material adverse effect on the value of the Company
 
INTEREST OF MANAGEMENT AND OTHERS IN MATERIAL TRANSACTIONS
 
To the best knowledge of Keegan’s management, no (a) director or executive officer of the Company; (b) person or company that beneficially owns, or controls or directs, directly or indirectly, more than 10% of any class or series of the Company’s outstanding voting securities; or (c) an associate or affiliate of any of the persons or companies referred to in paragraphs (a) or (b), had any material interest, direct or indirect, in any transaction since the Company’s incorporation or during the current financial year.
 
TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR
 
Keegan’s registrar and transfer agent for its Common Shares is Computershare Trust Company of Canada, 3rd Floor, 510 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6C 3B9.
 
MATERIAL CONTRACTS
 
Other than contracts entered into in the ordinary course of business and those already disclosed – 1. The Asumura Project and 2. Esaase Gold Property”, the Company has not entered into any material contracts within the past three years.
 
INTERESTS OF EXPERTS
 
The following is a list of the persons or companies named as having prepared or certified a statement, report or valuation, in this AIF either directly or in a document incorporated by reference and whose profession or business gives authority to the statement, report or valuation made by the person or company:
 
(a)  
Brian Wolfe, B Sc Hons (Geol), Post Grad Cert (Geostats), (MAusIMM), a “qualified person” for the purposes of NI 43-101, is an author responsible for the preparation of the Esaase Gold Deposit Resource Estimation Report, the Esaase Gold Deposit Resource Estimation Update incorporating the May 2010 Preliminary Economic Assessment Report & the 43-101 Report;
 
(b)  
Christopher Waller, B AppSc (MAusIMM), a “qualified person” for the purposes of NI 43-101, is an author responsible for the preparation of the Esaase Gold Deposit Resource Estimation Report, the Esaase Gold Deposit Resource Estimation Update incorporating the May 2010 Preliminary Economic Assessment Report & the 43-101 Report;
 
(c)  
Harry Warries, M Eng (MAusIMM), a “qualified person” for the purposes of NI 43-101, is an author responsible for the preparation of the Esaase Gold Deposit Resource Estimation Report, the Esaase Gold Deposit Resource Estimation Update incorporating the May 2010 Preliminary Economic Assessment Report & the 43-101 Report;
 
 
 

- 70 -
 
(d)  
KPMG of Vancouver, British Columbia were Keegan’s external auditor for the financial year ended March 31, 2012 and audited Keegan’s financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS for its years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011;
 
(e)  
BDO Canada LLP of Vancouver, British Columbia were Keegan’s external auditor for the financial year ended March 31, 2011 and audited Keegan’s financial statements prepared in accordance with Canadian GAAP for its year ended March 31, 2011.
 
 To Keegan’s knowledge, none of these entities (or designated professionals of the entities) or individuals holds, directly or indirectly, more than 1% of the Company’s issued and outstanding Common Shares. Based on information provided by the experts, other than as disclosed below, none of the experts named above, when or after they prepared the statement, report or valuation, has received any registered or beneficial interests, direct or indirect, in any securities or other property of Keegan or of one of Keegan’s associates or affiliates or is or is expected to be elected, appointed or employed as a director, officer or employee of Keegan or of any associate or affiliate of Keegan.
 
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

 
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 
The Company’s management, with the participation of its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, have evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports it files is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the appropriate time periods and is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
 
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 
The Company's management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting ("ICFR") is a process designed by, or under the supervision of the Company's principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by the Company's Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with IFRS. The Company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:
 
           pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company;
 
 provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with IFRS, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and
 
 
 

- 71 -
 
provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company's assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.
 
The Company’s management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2012. In making the assessment, it used the criteria set forth in the Internal Control Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ("COSO"). Based on their assessment, management has concluded that, as of March 31, 2012, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective based on those criteria.
 
The Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2012, has been audited by KPMG LLP, Independent Registered Chartered Accountants who also audited the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2012. KPMG LLP as stated in their report that immediately precedes the Company's audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2012, expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as March 31, 2012.
 
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 
There has been no change in the design of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the period covered by this Annual Information Form.
 
Limitations of Controls and Procedures
 
The Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, believe that any system of disclosure controls and procedures or internal control over financial reporting, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Furthermore, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, they cannot provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been prevented or detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by unauthorized override of controls. The design of any system of controls is also based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Accordingly, because of the inherent limitations in a cost effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

 
AUDIT COMMITTEE, CODE OF ETHICS, ACCOUNTANT FEES AND EXEMPTIONS

 
AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT
 
The board of directors has determined that Mr. Marcel De Groot is a member of the audit committee of the Company who qualifies as an audit committee "financial expert" based on his education and experience. Mr. De Groot is "independent", as that term is defined by the rules of Canadian National Instrument 58-101 and the rules of the NYSE MKT. Mr. De Groot is an accredited Chartered Accountant in Canada.
 
 
 

- 72 -
 
CODE OF ETHICS
 
The Company has adopted a code of ethics that applies to all personnel of the Company and is publicly available on the Company’s website at www.keeganresources.com.
 
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
 
The following table discloses the aggregate fees billed for each of the last two fiscal years for professional services rendered by the Company's audit firm for various services.
 
Nature of Services
Fees Paid to Auditor for Year Ended March 31, 2012
Fees Paid to Auditor for Year Ended March 31, 2011
Audit Fees(1)
$197,987
$218,116
Audit-Related Fees(2)
$85,100
$nil
Tax Fees(3)
$18,014
$2,754
All Other Fees(4)
$nil
$nil
Total
$301,101
$220,870
 
Notes:
 
(1) “Audit Fees” include fees necessary to perform the annual audit and quarterly reviews of the Company’s consolidated financial statements.  Audit Fees include fees for review of tax provisions and for accounting consultations on matters reflected in the financial statements.  Audit Fees also include audit or other attest services required by legislation or regulation, such as comfort letters, consents, reviews of securities filings and statutory audits.
 
(2) “Audit-Related Fees” include services that are traditionally performed by the auditor.  These audit-related services include employee benefit audits, due diligence assistance, accounting consultations on proposed transactions, internal control reviews and audit or attest services not required by legislation or regulation.
 
(3) “Tax Fees” include fees for all tax services other than those included in “Audit Fees” and “Audit-Related Fees”.  This category includes fees for tax compliance, tax planning and tax advice.  Tax planning and tax advice includes assistance with tax audits and appeals, tax advice related to mergers and acquisitions, and requests for rulings or technical advice from tax authorities.
 
(4) “All Other Fees” include all other non-audit services.
 
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
 
Additional financial information relating to the Company may be found on SEDAR at www.sedar.com
 
 
 

- 73 -
 
Additional information relating to the Company, including directors’ and officers’ remuneration and indebtedness, principal holders of Keegan’s securities, and securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans, is contained in the Information Circular.
 
Additional financial information is provided in Keegan’s financial statements and related MD&A for its financial year ended March 31, 2012.
 

 
EX-99.6 7 ex99-6.htm CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ex99-6.htm

Exhibit 99.6
 
 




logo

 

 

 

 


CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011
_______________________




 
 

 

 
graphic 
KPMG LLP
Chartered Accountants
PO Box 10426 777 Dunsmuir Street
Vancouver BC V7Y 1K3
Canada
Telephone (604) 691-3000
Fax              (604) 691-3031
Internet      www.kpmg.ca


 
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT
 
 
To the Shareholders of Keegan Resources Inc.
 
We have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements of Keegan Resources Inc, which comprise the consolidated statements of financial position as at March 31, 2012, March 31, 2011 and April 1, 2010, the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss, changes in equity and cash flows for the years ended March 31, 2012 and March 31, 2011, and notes, comprising a summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory information.
 
Management’s Responsibility for the Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, and for such internal control as management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
 
Auditors’ Responsibility
 
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards and the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we comply with ethical requirements and plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free from material misstatement.
 
An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. The procedures selected depend on our judgment, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, we consider internal control relevant to the entity’s preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements.
 
We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained in our audits is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.
 
Opinion
 
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Keegan Resources Inc. as at March 31, 2012, March 31, 2011 and April 1, 2010, and its consolidated financial performance and its consolidated cash flows for the years ended March 31, 2012 and March 31, 2011 in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  KPMG LLP is a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG
KPMG Canada provides services to KPMG LLP.
 
 
 

 
 
Graphic
 
 
 
 
 
Other Matter
 
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Keegan Resources Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011, based on the criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), and our report dated June 28, 2012 expressed an unmodified opinion on the effectiveness of Keegan Resources Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
 
Graphic
Chartered Accountants
 
June 28, 2012
Vancouver, Canada

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
graphic 
KPMG LLP
Chartered Accountants
PO Box 10426 777 Dunsmuir Street
Vancouver BC V7Y 1K3
Canada
Telephone (604) 691-3000
Fax              (604) 691-3031
Internet      www.kpmg.ca

 

 
To the Shareholders of Keegan Resources Inc.
 
We have audited Keegan Resources Inc.'s (the “Company”) internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2012, based on the criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Controls over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
 
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
 
A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
 
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
KPMG LLP is a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG
network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative
(“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity.
 
 
 
 

 
 
Graphic
 
 
 
 
 
In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2012, based on the criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by COSO.
 
We also have conducted our audits on the consolidated financial statements in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards and the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Our report dated June 28, 2012 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
 
 
Graphic
 
Chartered Accountants

June 28, 2012
Vancouver, Canada
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
MANAGEMENT’S RESPONSIBILITY FOR FINANCIAL REPORTING

The accompanying consolidated financial statements, the notes thereto and other financial information contained in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis have been prepared by management and are in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board and are the responsibility of the management of Keegan Resources Inc. Other information contained in this document has also been prepared by management and is consistent with the data contained in the consolidated financial statements. A system of internal control is maintained by management to provide reasonable assurance that assets are safeguarded and financial information is accurate and reliable.

The Board of Directors approves the financial statements and ensures that management discharges its financial responsibilities. The Board’s review is accomplished principally through the audit committee, which is composed of non-executive directors. The audit committee meets periodically with management and the auditors to review financial reporting and control matters.

The Company’s independent auditors, KPMG LLP, are appointed by the shareholders to conduct an audit in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards in Canada and in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).

MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROLS OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act.  The Company’s management has employed a framework consistent with Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(c), to evaluate the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as described below. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management has assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2012 using criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of March 31, 2012.

KPMG LLP, our auditors, have audited the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2012, as stated in their report which appears herein.

“Shawn Wallace”
Shawn Wallace
Chief Executive Officer
 
“Greg McCunn”
Greg McCunn
Chief Financial Officer
 
   
Vancouver, Canada
June 28, 2012
 
 

 
 

 

KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.

 
                                                                                                            
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position         
   
March 31,
 2012
   
March 31,
2011
   
April 1,
2010
 
Assets
                 
                   
Current assets:
                 
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 197,608,106     $ 236,329,452     $ 47,954,689  
Receivables
    244,308       252,557       120,760  
Prepaid expenses and deposits
    648,002       150,930       253,553  
      198,500,416       236,732,939       48,329,002  
                         
Non-current assets:
                       
Plant and equipment (note 5)
    1,984,719       1,484,007       701,012  
Investment in associate (note 6)
    627,394       -       -  
Mineral interests and development assets (note 7)
    25,822,734       10,581,692       2,234,420  
      28,434,847       12,065,699       2,935,432  
                         
Total assets
  $ 226,935,263     $ 248,798,638     $ 51,264,434  
                         
Liabilities
                       
                         
Current liabilities:
                       
Accounts payable and
        accrued liabilities (note 18)
  $ 4,813,773     $ 5,236,343     $ 1,080,873  
      4,813,773       5,236,343       1,080,873  
                         
Non-current liabilities:
                       
Asset retirement provision (note 9)
    8,737,634       7,242,082       49,084  
      8,737,634       7,242,082       49,084  
                         
Total liabilities
    13,551,407       12,478,425       1,129,957  
                         
Shareholders’ Equity
                       
                         
Share capital (note 10)
    313,198,434       309,345,374       97,003,978  
Equity reserves (note 11)
    27,227,563       15,864,395       7,167,340  
Accumulated deficit
    (127,042,141 )     (88,889,556 )     (54,036,841 )
Total shareholders’ equity
    213,383,856       236,320,213       50,134,477  
                         
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
  $ 226,935,263     $ 248,798,638     $ 51,264,434  

 
Commitments (note 13)
Contingencies (note 14)
First-time adoption of IFRS (note 21)


Approved by the Board of Directors on June 28, 2012:
 
“Shawn Wallace”
Director
“Marcel de Groot”
Director
 


SEE ACCOMPANYING NOTES

 
 
 

 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.
       
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss
       
Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011
 
Expressed in United States Dollars
 
   
2012
 
2011
 
 
Administration expenses:
       
         Amortization
$
249,206
$
100,281
         Consulting fees, directors' fees and
       
               wages and benefits (note 12)
 
4,378,541
 
2,375,162
         Office, rent and administration
 
1,236,216
 
1,049,039
         Professional fees (note 12)
 
851,575
 
430,689
         Regulatory fees, transfer agent and
       
               shareholder information
 
312,797
 
182,713
         Share-based compensation (note 11(a))
 
8,846,973
 
7,458,508
         Travel, promotion and investor relations
 
1,935,879
 
950,989
   
17,811,187
 
12,547,381
 
 
Exploration and evaluation expenditures (note 8)
 
18,414,774
 
26,114,646
 
 
Other expenses (income):
       
         Accretion expense (note 9)
 
250,576
 
-
         Bank charges and interest
 
56,646
 
35,627
         Foreign exchange loss (gain)
 
1,295,107
 
(3,150,101)
         Gain on sale of marketable securities
 
-
 
(212,103)
         Disposition loss on loss of control of subsidiary (note 6)
 
1,882,184
 
-
         Interest and other income
 
(1,557,889)
 
(482,735)
   
1,926,624
 
(3,809,312)
 
 
Loss and Comprehensive loss for the year
$ 38,152,585
$
34,852,715
 
 
Loss per share - basic and diluted
$
0.51
$
0.71
 
 
Weighted average number of shares outstanding
 
75,347,941
 
49,177,957

SEE ACCOMPANYING NOTES


 
 

 

KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.
                             
 
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
                             
Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011
                   
Expressed in United States Dollars
 
 
               
Equity
   
Accumulated
     
Total
 
   
Number
   
Share capital
   
reserves
   
deficit
     
equity
 
 
Balance as at April 1, 2010:
    45,047,123     $ 97,003,978     $ 7,167,340     $ (54,036,841 )   $ 50,134,477  
 
Issuance of common shares for:
                                       
       Bought-deal prospectus financing
    28,405,000       205,278,353       662,580       -       205,940,933  
       Exercise of share-based options
    1,195,132       6,032,451       (2,415,077 )     -       3,617,374  
       Exercise of broker warrants
    237,333       1,030,592       (305,888 )     -       724,704  
Share-based compensation
    -       -       10,755,440       -       10,755,440  
Net loss for the year
    -       -       -              (34,852,715 )     (34,852,715 )
 
Balance as at March 31, 2011
    74,884,588       309,345,374       15,864,395              (88,889,556 )     236,320,213  
 
 
Issuance of common shares for:
                                       
       Exercise of share-based options
    641,250       3,697,051       (1,365,779 )     -       2,331,272  
       Mineral interest (note 7(a))
    20,000       156,009       -       -       156,009  
Share-based compensation
    -       -       12,728,947       -       12,728,947  
Net loss for the period
    -       -       -       (38,152,585 )     (38,152,585 )
 
Balance as at March 31, 2012
    75,545,838     $ 313,198,434     $ 27,227,563     $ (127,042,141 )   $ 213,383,856  


SEE ACCOMPANYING NOTES
 
 

 

KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.
       
 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
       
Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011
 
Expressed in United States Dollars
 
   
2012
 
2011
 
 
Cash provided by (used in):
       
Operating activities:
       
         Loss for the year
$
(38,152,585)
$
(34,852,715)
         Items not involving cash:
       
                   Amortization
 
618,362
 
233,635
                   Accretion expense
 
250,576
 
-
                   Gain on sale of marketable securities
 
-
 
(212,103)
                   Disposition loss on loss of control of subsidiary (note 6)
 
1,882,184
 
-
                   Interest income
 
(1,491,938)
 
(482,735)
                   Share-based compensation
 
8,846,973
 
7,458,508
                   Share-based compensation included in exploration and
       
                       evaluation expenditures
 
2,379,808
 
3,296,932
                   Unrealized foreign exchange loss (gain)
 
4,157,306
 
(3,597,823)
         Changes in non-cash working capital:
       
                   Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
 
(1,458,976)
 
3,655,470
                   Prepaid expenses and deposits
 
(501,446)
 
102,623
                   Receivables
 
114,316
 
(119,618)
 
   
(23,355,420)
 
(24,517,826)
Investing activities:
       
         Purchase of plant and equipment
 
(1,721,250)
 
(1,016,630)
         Proceeds on disposal of plant and equipment
 
16,013
 
-
         Purchase of marketable securities
 
-
 
(143,636)
         Proceeds on disposal of marketable securities
 
-
 
355,739
         Development costs
 
(10,620,607)
 
-
         Acquisition of mineral interests
 
(610,000)
 
(654,274)
         Net investment in associate (note 6)
 
(1,923,415)
 
-
         Interest received
 
1,379,300
 
470,556
 
   
(13,479,959)
 
(988,245)
Financing activities:
       
         Shares issued for cash, net of share issuance costs
 
2,331,272
 
210,283,011
 
 
Impact of foreign exchange on cash and cash equivalents
 
(4,217,239)
 
3,597,823
 
 
(Decrease) Increase in cash and cash equivalents for the year
 
(38,721,346)
 
188,374,763
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning the year
 
236,329,452
 
47,954,689
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of the year
$
197,608,106
$
236,329,452
 
Supplemental cash flow information (note 16)
 
SEE ACCOMPANYING NOTES

 
 

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.  
   
 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
 Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011    Expressed in United States Dollars
                                                                                                                                                                                 

1.
Nature of operations
 
Keegan Resources Inc. (“Keegan” or the “Company”) was incorporated on September 23, 1999 under the laws of British Columbia, Canada.  The Company is in the exploration and development stage and is focused on advancing its principal property, the Esaase Gold Project to commercial production. In addition to its principal project, the Company holds a portfolio of other Ghanaian gold concessions in various stages of exploration.
 
The head office, principal address and registered and records office of the Company are located at 1199 West Hastings Street, Suite 700, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6E 3T5, Canada.
 
Management has estimated that the Company will have adequate funds from existing working capital to meet corporate, development, administrative and property obligations for the coming year, including the completion of a feasibility study for the Esaase property. The Company will require additional financing from time to time, and while the Company has been successful in the past, there is no assurance that it will be able to obtain adequate financing in the future or that such financing will be available on acceptable terms.

 
2.
Basis of presentation and adoption of IFRS

 
(a)
Statement of compliance

These consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”), effective for the Company’s reporting for the year ended March 31, 2012. These are the Company’s first annual financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS. Previously, the Company prepared its consolidated financial statements in accordance with Canadian Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”).

Subject to certain transition elections disclosed in note 22, the Company has consistently applied the same accounting policies in its opening IFRS statement of financial position as at April 1, 2010 and throughout all periods presented, as if these policies had always been in effect. Note 22 describes the impact of the transition to IFRS on the Company’s reported financial position and financial performance, including the nature and effect of significant changes in accounting policies from those used in its GAAP consolidated financial statements as at April 1, 2010 and March 31, 2011, and for the year ended March 31, 2011.

 
These consolidated financial statements were authorized for issue and approved by the Board of Directors on June 28, 2012.

 
(b)
Basis of presentation and consolidation

The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis.
 
All amounts are expressed in US dollars, unless otherwise stated. References to C$ are to Canadian dollars.
 
 
 

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.  
   
 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
 Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011    Expressed in United States Dollars
                                                                                                                                                                                 

2.
Basis of presentation and adoption of IFRS (continued)

 
(b)
Basis of presentation and consolidation (continued)

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and the following subsidiaries:

 
     Subsidiary name  Jurisdiction     Ownership
     Keegan Resources Ghana Limited     Ghana     90%
     Keegan International (Barbados) Inc. Barbados    100%
     Keegan Ghana (Barbados) Inc.     Barbados   100%
 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
Control is achieved when the Company has the power to govern the financial and operating policies of an entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities. Effective March 30, 2012, the Company lost control over its wholly-owned subsidiary Universal Mineral Services Ltd., through disposition (note 6).

All significant intercompany amounts and transactions have been eliminated on consolidation.
 
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.  The consolidated financial statements have, in management’s opinion, been properly prepared using careful judgment within the framework of the significant accounting policies summarized in note 3.
 

3.
Significant accounting policies

 
(a)
Foreign currency translation

The Company’s reporting currency and the functional currency of all of its operations is the U.S. dollar.

Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded at the functional currency rate of exchange at the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the functional currency rate of exchange at the date of the statement of financial position.

Nonmonetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates as at the dates of the initial transactions. Nonmonetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value is determined.

 
(b) 
Foreign currency translation
 
Acquisitions of subsidiaries and businesses are accounted for using the purchase method. The cost of the business combination is measured as the aggregate of the fair values (at the date of exchange) of assets given, liabilities incurred or assumed, and equity instruments issued by the Company in exchange for control of the acquiree. The acquiree’s identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities that meet the conditions for recognition under IFRS 3 are recognized at their fair values at the acquisition date, except for non-current assets (or disposal groups) that are classified as held for sale in accordance with IFRS 5, Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations, which are recognized and measured at fair value less costs to sell.
 
 

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.  
   
 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
 Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011    Expressed in United States Dollars
                                                                                                                                                                                 



3.       Significant accounting policies (continued)

(b)                Business combinations (continued)

Goodwill arising on acquisition is recognized as an asset and initially measured at cost, being the excess of the cost of the business combination over the Company’s interest in the net fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities recognized. If, after reassessment, the Company’s interest in the net fair value of the acquiree’s identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities exceeds the cost of the business combination, the excess is recognized immediately in net earnings (loss)

(c)                Non-controlling interest

Non-controlling interests are recorded at their proportionate share of the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired on initial recognition. Subsequent to the acquisition date, adjustments are made to the carrying amount of the non-controlling interests for the non-controlling interests’ share of changes to the subsidiary’s equity. In the event a non-controlling interest is represented by a non-participating entity, then the non-controlling interest is not recognized until the entity has the right to receive its share of the subsidiary’s net assets.

Changes in the Company’s ownership interest in a subsidiary that do not result in a loss of control are recorded as equity transactions. The carrying amount of non-controlling interests is adjusted to reflect the change in the non-controlling interests’ relative interest in the subsidiary and the difference to the carrying amount of the non-controlling interests and the Company’s share of proceeds received and/or consideration paid is recognized in equity and attributed to the shareholders of the Company.

(d)                Financial instruments

i.     Financial assets

The Company’s financial assets are comprised of cash and cash equivalents and receivables. All financial assets are initially recorded at fair value plus directly attributable transaction costs and designated upon inception into one of four categories: held-to-maturity, available-for-sale, loans and receivables or at fair value through profit or loss.

Subsequent to initial recognition, the financial assets are measured in accordance with the following:

·  
Financial assets classified as fair value through profit or loss are measured at fair value. All gains and losses resulting from changes in their fair value are included in net earnings (loss) in the period in which they arise.

·  
Held-to-maturity investments, and loans and receivables, are initially measured at fair value and subsequently measured at amortized cost. Amortization of premiums or discounts and transaction costs are amortized into net earnings (loss), using the effective interest method less any impairment. Cash and cash equivalents and receivables are classified as loans and receivables.
 
 

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.  
   
 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
 Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011    Expressed in United States Dollars
                                                                                                                                                                                 


3.       Significant accounting policies (continued)

(d)   Financial instruments (continued)

i.     Financial assets (continued)

·  
Available-for-sale financial assets are measured at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses recorded in other comprehensive income until the asset is realized, at which time they will be recorded in net earnings (loss). Other than temporary impairments on available-for-sale financial assets are recorded in net earnings (loss).

·  
Derivatives embedded in other financial instruments or non-financial contracts (the “host instrument”) are treated as separate derivatives with fair value changes recognized in the net earnings (loss) when their economic characteristics and risks are not clearly and closely related to those of the host instrument, and the combined instrument or contract is not held for trading. There were no embedded derivatives identified in a review of the Company’s contracts. Free-standing derivatives that meet the definition of an asset or liability are measured at their fair value and reported in the Company’s financial statements.
 
ii.   Financial liabilities
 
The Company’s financial liabilities are comprised of accounts payable and accrued liabilities. All financial liabilities are initially recorded at fair value and designated upon inception as fair value through profit or loss or other financial liabilities.
 
Subsequent to initial recognition, the financial liabilities are measured in accordance with the following:

·  
Financial liabilities classified as other financial liabilities are initially recognized at fair value less transaction costs. After initial recognition, other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial liability and of allocating interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments through the expected life of the financial liability, or, where appropriate, a shorter period. The Company’s accounts payable and accrued liabilities are classified as other financial liabilities.

·  
Financial liabilities classified as fair value through profit or loss  include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as fair value through profit or loss. Fair value changes on financial liabilities classified as fair value through profit or loss  are recognized through the statement of comprehensive income. The Company did not have any financial liabilities classified as fair value through profit or loss as at March 31, 2012 and 2011 and April 1, 2010.

 
 

 
 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.  
   
 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
 Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011    Expressed in United States Dollars
         

 





3.       Significant accounting policies (continued)

(e)    Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short-term investments with original maturity dates of less than ninety days or fully redeemable without penalty or loss of interest.

(f)     Exploration and evaluation expenditures

Exploration and evaluation expenditures include the costs of acquiring licenses, permitting and maintaining exploration concessions in good standing, exploration drilling and related costs incurred on sites prior to the establishment of an economical resource. Exploration costs include value added taxes incurred in foreign jurisdictions when recoverability of these taxes is uncertain.

All exploration and evaluation expenditures, except for acquisition costs and costs arising from the recognition of an asset retirement obligation, are expensed until properties are determined to contain economically recoverable mineral resources. Once the technical feasibility and commercial viability of the extraction of mineral resources in an area of interest are demonstrable, further costs incurred for the development of that project are capitalized as mineral interests. Costs incurred prior to the legal right to explore has been attained are expensed.

Acquisition of exploration assets

The fair value at acquisition date of a mineral interest acquired either through a business combination or asset acquisition are capitalized.

Asset retirement obligations

Assets arising from the recognition of an asset retirement obligation are capitalized.

(g)     Mineral interests, plant and equipment

Mineral interests, plant and equipment is carried at cost less accumulated amortization. The cost of an item of mineral interests, plant or equipment consists of the purchase price, any costs directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for its intended use and an initial estimate of the costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located.
 
 

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.
 
   
 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
 Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011    Expressed in United States Dollars
      



3.       Significant accounting policies (continued)

(g)      Mineral interests, plant and equipment (continued)

Assets under construction are depreciated when they are substantially complete and available for their intended use, over their estimated useful lives.

Depreciation
 
Depreciation is determined at rates that will reduce original cost to estimated residual value over the useful life of each asset. The annual rates used to compute depreciation are as follows:

    
   Asset
                 Basis
                       Rate
   Buildings
                 straight-line
                       25 years
   Computers and equipment
                 declining balance
                       30%
   Leasehold improvements
                 straight-line
                       shorter of term of lease
   
                       and estimated useful life
   Motor vehicles
                 straight-line
                       5 years
   Machinery and equipment
                 straight-line
                       5 - 25 years
   Mineral interests
                 units of production
                       n/a
 
Mineral interests
 
Mineral interests consist of costs associated with the acquisition and development of economical mineral resources within a specific area of interest. The determination of whether mineral resources are economically recoverable is indicated through the following criteria:
 
·  
the existence of technical data that gives reasonable assurance that the mineralized resource is economically extractable;
 
·  
the establishment of a life-of-mine model that provides a basis for concluding there is a significant likelihood of being able to recoup the incremental costs of extraction and production over the project;
 
·  
the existence of key operating and environmental permits or the existences of programs that layout a timeline and feasibility of attaining such authorizations;
 
·  
management’s intent to develop the property through to commercial production; and,
 
·  
existence of sufficient financial resources or evidence that they are clearly attainable to develop the project.

On the commencement of commercial production, depletion of each mineral interest will be provided on a unit-of-production basis using estimated reserves as the depletion base.

 
 

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.
 
   
 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
 Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011    Expressed in United States Dollars
           


3.       Significant accounting policies (continued)

Derecognition
 
Upon disposal or abandonment, the carrying amounts of mining properties and plant and equipment are derecognized and any associated gains or losses are recognized in net earnings (loss).
 
 
(h) 
Impairment of non-financial assets
 
At each date of the statement of financial position, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible and intangible assets to determine whether there is an indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). Where it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cashgenerating unit to which the assets belong.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pretax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset.

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or a cashgenerating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or the cashgenerating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognized immediately in net earnings (loss), unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation decrease.

Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the net carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset (or cashgenerating unit) in prior years.

 
(i)
Asset retirement provisions

An obligation to incur restoration, rehabilitation and environmental costs arises when environmental disturbance is caused by the exploration, development or ongoing production of a mineral property interest. The Company is required to record the estimated present value of future cash flows associated with site reclamation as a liability when the liability is incurred and to increase the carrying value of the related assets for that amount. The obligations recognized are statutory, contractual or legal obligations. The liability is accreted over time for changes in the fair value of the liability through charges to accretion, which is included in the statement of net earnings (loss). Discount rates using a pre-tax rate that reflect the time value of money are used to calculate the net present value.

The increase in the carrying value of related assets are charged against net earnings (loss) over the economic life of the related asset, through amortization using either the unit-of-production or the straight line method. The related liability is also adjusted for each period for the unwinding of the discount rate and for changes to the current market-based discount rate, amount or timing of the underlying cash flows needed to settle the obligation.

 
 

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.  
   
 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
 Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011    Expressed in United States Dollars
    


3.       Significant accounting policies (continued)
 

 
(j)
Comprehensive loss

Comprehensive loss consists of net loss and other comprehensive income (loss) (“OCI”). OCI represents changes in shareholders’ equity during a period arising from transactions and other events with non-owner sources. For all periods covered by these consolidated financial statements comprehensive loss and net loss are the same.
 
 
(k)
Loss per share
 
Basic loss per share are calculated by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of diluted common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted common shares reflect the potential dilutive effect of exercising the share options and warrants based on the treasury stock method. As the Company has incurred a loss for all periods present in the financial statements, diluted loss per share is equal to basic loss per share.

 
 
(l)
Share-based compensation
 
The Company has a share-based compensation plan as described in note 11(a). The Company records all share-based compensation paid to employees and consultants using the fair value method.

Compensation expense attributable to share based awards to employees is measured at the fair value at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes model. Each tranche of a share option grant is valued individually and then amortized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of each tranche within the grant. The fair value, under the Black-Scholes model, takes into account a number of variables, including the exercise price of the award, the expected dividend rate, the expected life of the options, volatility, forfeiture rate and the risk free interest rate.
 
 
(m)
Income taxes

Income tax on the profit or loss for the periods presented comprises current and deferred income tax. Income tax is recognized in profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to items recognized directly in equity, in which case it is recognized in equity.

Current income tax expense is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at period end, adjusted for amendments to tax payable with regards to previous years.

Deferred income tax is provided using the balance sheet liability method, providing for temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes.

 
 

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.
 
   
 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
 Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011    Expressed in United States Dollars
      


3.       Significant accounting policies (continued)

(m) Income taxes (continued)

The amount of deferred income tax provided is based on the expected manner of realization or settlement of the carrying amount of assets and liabilities, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date.

A deferred income tax asset is recognized only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the asset can be utilized. To the extent that the Company does not consider it probable that a future income tax asset will be recovered, it does not recognize the asset.
 
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to setoff current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when they relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority and the Company intends to settle its tax assets and liabilities on a net basis.

(n) Investments in associates

The Company conducts a portion of its business through equity interests in associates. An associate is an entity over which the Company has significant influence, and is neither a subsidiary nor a joint venture. The Company has significant influence when it has the power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions of the associate but does not have control or joint control over those policies.

The Company accounts for its investments in associates using the equity method. Under the equity method, the Company’s investment in an associate is initially recognized at cost and subsequently increased or decreased to recognize the Company’s share of earnings and losses of the associate, after any adjustments necessary to give effect to uniform accounting policies, and for impairment losses after the initial recognition date. The Company’s share of an associate’s losses that are in excess of its investment in the associate are recognized only to the extent that the Company has incurred legal or constructive obligations or made payments on behalf of the associate. The Company’s share of earnings and losses of associates are recognized in net earnings during the period. Distributions received from an associate are accounted for as a reduction in the carrying amount of the Company’s investment. The Company’s investments in associates are included in non-current assets on the consolidated statements of financial position. Intercompany transactions between the Company and its associates are recognized only to the extent of unrelated investors’ interests in the associates. Intercompany balances between the Company and its associates are not eliminated.



 
 

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.
 
   
 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
 Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011    Expressed in United States Dollars
 


3.       Significant accounting policies (continued)

(o)
Use of estimates

The Company makes estimates and assumptions concerning the future that will, by definition, seldom equal actual results. Significant areas requiring the use of management estimates relate to the determination of the recoverability of mineral interests and capitalized development costs, the determination of environmental restoration, and the assumptions about the variables used in the calculation of share-based payments.

·  
Economic recoverability and probability of future economic benefits of mineral interest and capitalized development costs
Management has determined that the mineral interest and development costs that have been capitalized are economically recoverable. Management uses several criteria to assess economic recoverability and probability of future economic benefit including geological information, life of mine models, scoping and pre-feasibility studies, and existing permits and permitting programs.

·  
Determination of environmental restoration costs
Management estimates the cost of site reclamation and then the present value of future cash flows using estimated discount rates and inflation rates.

·  
Assumptions about the variables used in the calculation of share-based payments
Management determines the fair value of share-based payments using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model. Option pricing models require the input of highly subjective assumptions including the expected price volatility and the period in which the option will be exercised or the expected life of the options. The estimates concerning volatility are made with reference to historical volatility, which is not necessarily an accurate indicator of future volatility. Changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate.

Management believes the estimates used in these consolidated financial statements are reasonable; however, actual results could differ from those estimates and could impact future results of operations and cash flows.
 
(p) 
Use of judgments

The critical judgments made by the Company’s management in the process of applying the Company’s accounting policies, apart from those involving estimation (note 3(o)), which have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the Company’s consolidated financial statements are as follows:
 

·  
Determination of functional currency
 
 
In accordance with IAS 21 The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates, management determined that the functional currency for the Company and its subsidiaries is the US Dollar.
 

·  
Determination of legal judgments
 
 
As disclosed in note 14, the Company applied judgment in respect of legal claims.

 
 

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.  
   
 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
 Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011    Expressed in United States Dollars
         


4.       Standards, amendments and interpretations not yet effective

The following new standards, amendments and interpretations, that have been issued but not yet adopted in these consolidated financial statements:

(a)    
IFRS 9, Financial Instruments (“IFRS 9”)

 
IFRS 9 uses a single approach to determine whether a financial asset is measured at amortized cost or fair value, replacing the multiple classification options in IAS 39. The approach in IFRS 9 is based on how an entity manages its financial impairment methods in IAS 39. IFRS 9 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2015, with earlier adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of IFRS 9 on its financial instruments; however, the impact, if any, is not expected to be significant.
 
(b)    
IFRS 7, Financial Instruments: Disclosures (“IFRS 7”) – amendments
       
 
In October 2010, the IASB issued amendments to IFRS in respect to the disclosure relating to transfers of financial assets. The amendments require additional disclosure to assist users of financial statements in evaluating the risk exposures in respect to transfers of financial assets that are not derecognized or for which the entity has a continuing involvement.  The amendments became effective for annual periods commencing on or after July 1, 2011. The amendments will not impact these consolidated financial statements.

 
In December 2011, the IASB issued new disclosure requirements for financial assets and liabilities that (1) are offset in the statement of financial position; or (2) subject to master netting agreements or similar arrangements. These new disclosure requirements are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013 and are to be applied retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of these new disclosure requirements on its financial statement; however, the impact, if any, is not expected to be significant.

(c)    
IFRS 10, Consolidated Financial Statements (“IFRS 10”)
       
 
IFRS 10 replaces the consolidation requirements in IAS 27, Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements, and Standing Interpretations Committee (“SIC”) Interpretation 12, Consolidation - Special Purpose Entities. IFRS 10 introduces a single consolidation model for all entities based on control, irrespective of the nature of the investee, and is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013, with earlier application permitted. The Company currently does not anticipate the adoption of IFRS 10 to have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements.

 
 

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.  
   
 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
 Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011    Expressed in United States Dollars
 


4.       Standards, amendments and interpretations not yet effective (continued)


(d)
IFRS 11, Joint Arrangements (“IFRS 11”)
    
 
In May 2011, the IASB issued guidance establishing principles for financial reporting by parties to a joint arrangement. IFRS 11 replaces IAS 31, Interests in Joint Ventures. Under IFRS 11, joint arrangements are classified as joint operations or joint ventures based on the rights and obligations of the parties to the joint arrangements. A joint operation is a joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement (“joint operators”) have rights to the assets, and obligations for the liabilities, relating to the arrangement.

 
A joint venture is a joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement (“joint venturers”) have rights to the net assets of the arrangement. IFRS 11 requires that a joint operator recognize its portion of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses of a joint arrangement, while a joint venturer recognizes its investment in a joint arrangement using the equity method. IFRS 11 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013, with early adoption permitted. The Company is reviewing the standard to determine the potential impact, if any, on its consolidated financial statements.
 
(e)
IFRS 12, Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities (“IFRS 12”)
 
 
IFRS 12 requires the disclosure of information that enables users of financial statements to evaluate the nature of, and risks associated with, its interests in other entities and the effects of those interests on its financial position, financial performance and cash flows. The disclosure requirements are applicable to all forms of interests in other entities, including subsidiaries, joint arrangements, associates and unconsolidated structured entities. IFRS 12 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013 with earlier adoption permitted. The Company is reviewing the standard to determine the potential impact, if any, on its consolidated financial statements.
 
(f)
IFRS 13, Fair Value Measurement (“IFRS 13”)
 
 
In May 2011, the IASB issued guidance establishing a single source for fair value measurement. IFRS 13 defines fair value, provides guidance on how to determine fair value and requires disclosures about fair value measurements. However, IFRS 13 does not change the requirements regarding which items should be measured or disclosed at fair value. Rather, the measurement and disclosure requirements of IFRS 13 apply when another standard requires or permits the item to be measured at fair value, with limited exceptions. IFRS 13 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013 with early application permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on its consolidated financial statements.
 
(g)
IAS 12, Deferred Tax: Recovery of Underlying Assets (“IAS 12”)
 
 
Amendments to IAS 12 are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2012. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of the new standard on its financial statements.
 
 
 
 

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.  
   
 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
 Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011    Expressed in United States Dollars
 


4.       Standards, amendments and interpretations not yet effective (continued)

(h)  
IAS 27, Separate Financial Statements (“IAS 27”)

IAS 27 was amended as a consequence of the issuance of IFRS 10, 11 and 12. IAS 27 sets the standards for investments in subsidiaries, jointly controlled entities, and associates when an entity elects, or is required, to present separate non-consolidated financial statements. Amendments to IAS 27 are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of the new standard on its financial statements.

(i)  
IAS 28, Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures (“IAS 28”)

IAS 28 was amended as a consequence of the issuance of IFRS 10, 11 and 12. IAS 28 provides additional guidance for investments in associates and sets out the requirements for the application of the equity method when accounting for investments in associates and joint ventures. This standard will be applied by the Company when there is joint control or significant influence over an investee. Amendments to IAS 28 are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of the new standard on its financial statements.

(j)  
IAS 32, Financial Instruments: presentation (“IAS 32”)

In December 2011, the IASB issued amendments to IAS 32. The amendments clarify that an entity currently has a legally enforceable right to set-off financial assets and liabilities if that right is (1) not contingent on a future event; and (2) enforceable both in the normal course of business and in the event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy of the entity and all counterparties. These amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2014 and are to be applied retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of the amendments on its financial statement; however, the impact, if any, is not expected to be significant.

 
 

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.  
   
 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
 Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011    Expressed in United States Dollars
    


5.
Plant and equipment

   
Administration
Esaase development project
Totals
   
 Office and equipment
 Buildings
 Equipment
 Motor vehicles
 
Cost
         
 
As at April 1, 2010
$   389,978
 $   96,519
 $   126,700
 $   328,504
$   941,701
 
Additions
 317,041
 311,875
 28,633
 359,081
 1,016,630
 
As at March 31, 2011
 707,019
 408,394
 155,333
 687,585
 1,958,331
 
Additions
 638,564
339,444
145,938
597,304
 1,721,250
 
Dispositions
 -
 -
 -
 (49,955)
(49,955)
 
Loss of control of UMS (note 6)
(775,197)
-
-
-
(775,197)
 
As at March 31, 2012
$ 570,386
 $  747,838
$    301,271
$  1,234,934
$2,854,429
         
Accumulated depreciation
       
 
As at April 1, 2010
$   (98,952)
$             -
$    (41,840)
$   (99,897)
$(240,689)
 
Depreciation
 (100,281)
(549)
 (21,763)
 (111,042)
 (233,635)
 
As at March 31, 2011
 (199,233)
(549)
 (63,603)
 (210,939)
 (474,324)
 
Depreciation
(249,206)
 -
(48,323)
(320,833)
 (618,362)
 
Dispositions
-
 -
 -
          33,942
 33,942
 
Loss of control of UMS (note 6)
189,034
-
-
-
189,034
 
As at March 31, 2012
$ (260,918)
$      (549)
$  (110,413)
$ (497,830)
$(869,710)
Net book value
       
 
As at April 1, 2010
   $   291,026
 $   96,519
$     84,860
 $   228,607
$   701,012
 
As at March 31, 2011
$   506,273
$ 407,845
 $     93,243
 $   476,646
$1,484,007
 
As at March 31, 2012
$   309,468
$ 747,289
 $   190,858
 $   737,104
$1,984,719



 
 

 
 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.
 
   
 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
 Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011    Expressed in United States Dollars
         


6.
Investment in associate
 
On March 30, 2012, the Company entered into a transaction whereby it disposed of its 100% interest in Universal Mineral Services Ltd. (“UMS”) to three companies with directors and officers in common. The terms of the transaction required the Company to make a CND$2.5 million investment in UMS in exchange for discharging a 75% stake in the contractual commitments held by UMS for an office lease and employee termination payments. The Company continues to provide a financial  guarantee for the UMS office lease. In addition, the Company received 25 preferred shares in UMS which entitled it to a 25% stake in the restructured UMS as well as a  preferential right to the assets of UMS upon dissolution.
 
Upon the sale of the net 75% interest in UMS and loss of control, the Company derecognized the assets and liabilities of UMS at their carrying amounts and recognized its remaining interest at cost. The transaction resulted in the recording of a loss on disposition of $1,882,184.
 
Upon completion of the transaction, UMS repaid the Company the balance of its intercompany loan, CND$892,487 ($894,718).
 
On March 31, 2012, the management reviewed its equity investment in UMS for impairment and concluded that the carrying amount of the investment does not exceed its fair value.

7.
Mineral interests and development assets

   
Accumulated
Net book
March 31, 2012
Cost
depreciation
value
       
Acquisition costs, Asumura
$           170,043
$                         -
$             170,043
       
Acquisition costs, Esaase
5,362,508
-
5,362,508
Development costs, Esaase
11,830,057
-
11,830,057
Asset retirement obligation
8,460,126
-
8,460,126
Esaase development project
25,652,691
-
25,652,691
       
 
$      25,822,734
$                         -
$        25,822,734

Based on positive results of a pre-feasibility study the Company now has Proven and Probable Mineral reserves and effective October 1, 2011 began capitalizing costs associated with the development of the Esaase Gold Project.

   
Accumulated
Net book
March 31, 2011
Cost
depreciation
value
       
Acquisition costs, Asumura
$           170,043
$                         -
$             170,043
       
Acquisition costs, Esaase
3,196,499
-
3,196,499
Asset retirement obligation
7,215,150
-
7,215,150
Esaase development project
10,411,649
-
10,411,649
       
       
 
$      10,581,692
$                         -
$        10,581,692





 
 

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.
 
   
 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
 Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011    Expressed in United States Dollars
 


7.
Mineral interests and development assets (continued)

Reconciliation of  mineral interests

   
Year ended
Year ended
   
March 31, 2012
March 31, 2011
       
Opening balance
 
$        10,581,692
$          2,234,420
       
Additions:
     
     Acquisition costs, Esaase
 
2,166,009
1,181,982
     Development costs, Esaase
 
11,830,057
-
     Asset retirement obligation
 
1,244,976
7,165,290
   
15,241,042
8,347,272
       
Closing balance
 
$        25,822,734
$        10,581,692

(a)
Essase gold project
 
 
On May 3, 2006, the Company entered into an option agreement with Sametro Co. Ltd. (“Sametro”) to purchase a 100% interest in the Esaase Gold property in the southwest part of the Republic of Ghana (“Ghana”), West Africa. The property is subject to the underlying 10% interest and 5% royalty (see note 14(a)) to the Ghanaian government and a 0.5% royalty payable to the Bonte Liquidation Committee. Under the terms of the option agreement, the Company was to make a series of cash payments totaling $890,000, issue 780,000 common shares and incur minimum exploration expenditures of $2,250,000 over a three year period.
 
 
During the year ended March 31, 2008, after having made cash payments of $500,000, issued 40,000 common shares and completed the full exploration expenditure requirement, the Company renegotiated the option agreement so that all further cash and share payments were no longer owed. In lieu of these payments, the Company paid $850,000 to a creditor of Sametro and issued 40,000 additional common shares to Sametro.
 
 
Subsequent to these payments, the Company was granted the full Esaase Mining Lease by the Ghanaian Minerals Commission and Minister of Mines, Lands and Forestry with no further obligation to any party aside from the royalties and government commitments.
 
 
During the year ended March 31, 2008, the Company purchased 100% private ownership of the Jeni Concession mining lease and exploration rights. The Jeni Concession lies directly to the southwest and contiguous to the Esaase Gold property. In consideration for the acquisition of the mining lease, Keegan paid $50,000 to the Bonte Liquidation Committee and $50,000 to the Minerals Commission of Ghana for the title transfer. The Ghanaian government retains a standard 10% carried interest and 3% royalty based on the existing mining lease and the Bonte Liquidation Committee retains a 0.5% royalty.
 
Subsequent to the granting of the Esaase and Jeni mining leases, the Ghanaian government amended the royalty scheme in Ghana to a 5% royalty for all mining projects and uncertainty now exists as to the final royalty rate applicable to the property (see note 14(a)).
 


 
 

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.  
   
 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
 Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011    Expressed in United States Dollar
 


7.
Mineral interests and development costs (continued)
 
 
(a)
Essase gold project (continued)
 
Concession acquisitions during the year ended March 31, 2012
 
On December 1, 2011, the Company entered into a purchase agreement with Tetollas Mining Enterprise to acquire an 100% interest in the Asuowin Concession situated contiguous to and directly south of the Esaase Gold property. In accordance with the purchase agreement, the Company made payments totaling $400,000 in exchange for the transfer of title.
 
During the year ended March 31, 2012, the Company paid $110,000 pursuant to an option agreement with Sky Gold Mines Limited (“SGM”) whereby the Company was granted the exclusive option by SGM to acquire 100% interest in a four-part concession adjacent to the Esaase Gold property. The concession is subject to a 2% net smelter returns royalty (“NSR”) payable to SGM. Pursuant to the agreement the Company is required to make staged payments totaling $150,000 in addition to the total of $250,000 already paid, and issue in stages a total of 40,000 shares of the Company. In July 2011, the Company received Ministerial approval of the option agreement and in January 2012 issued 20,000 shares of the Company at a cost of $156,009. The remaining 20,000 shares will be issued at the Company’s option, in 10,000 share tranches on the second and third anniversaries of this option agreement.
 
Concession acquisitions during the year ended March 31, 2011
 
During the year ended March 31, 2011, the Company made a payment of $600,000 plus certain acquisition costs to acquire a 100% interest in the Dawohodo prospecting concession, a mineral concession adjacent to the Esaase Gold property, and accrued a further $500,000 payable pursuant to this agreement. The $500,000 was paid during the year ended March 31, 2012.
 
Free carried interest to the Ghanaian government
 
Pursuant to the provisions of the Ghanaian Minerals and Mining Act of 2006, as at March 31, 2011, the Ghanaian government acquired, for zero proceeds, a 10% free carried interest in the rights and obligations of the mineral operations of the Esaase Gold property through an interest in Keegan Resources Ghana Limited (“Keegan Ghana”).
 
Keegan Ghana reserved 10% of its common shares for issuance to the Ghanaian government, and one government representative was appointed to the Board of Directors of Keegan Ghana. The Ghanaian government is entitled to 10% of declared dividends from the net profit of Keegan Ghana at the end of a financial year. As the free carried interest does not result in an obligation on behalf of the Ghanaian government to contribute to the capital of Keegan Ghana nor share in the entity’s losses, a non-controlling interest is not recognized while Keegan Ghana is in a net liability position.
 
 
 (b)
Asumura gold project
 
The Company entered into an option agreement with GTE Ventures Limited (“GTE”) dated February 18, 2005 and subsequently amended, through which it acquired an undivided 100% private interest in the Asumura Reconnaissance Concession (“Asumura property”) located in the Republic of Ghana, West Africa.
 
The Asumura property is subject to a 3.5% NSR royalty, 50% of which may be purchased for $2,000,000 from GTE and the remaining 50% may be purchased for an additional $4,000,000. If the property is converted to a Mining License, in accordance with Ghanaian law, it will become subject to a 5% gross revenue royalty and 10% ownership by the Ghanaian government.


 
 

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.  
   
 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
 Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011    Expressed in United States Dollars
 


8.
Exploration and evaluation expenditures
 
Exploration and evaluation expenditures are comprised of expenditures incurred on mineral interests in areas where the technical feasibility and economic recoverability has not yet been established.

Summary of  exploration and evaluation expenditures

 
2012
2011
     
Esaase:
   
  Camp operations
$     1,091,202
$      555,438
  Development support costs
559,643
                       1,879,304
  Equipment and infrastructure
951,673
588,700
  Engineering studies
2,989,662
2,020,526
  Exploration drilling
2,933,027
4,479,279
  Exploration support costs
1,703,947
4,218,925
  Health and environmental
1,102,038
1,072,582
  Technical and in-fill drilling
3,570,062
4,883,243
  Share-based compensation
  VAT receivable allowance
2,379,808
1,133,712
3,296,932
1,665,108
 
18,414,774
24,660,037
     
Asumura:
-
1,454,609
Total exploration and evaluation expenditures
     $  18,414,774
                   $  26,114,646
     

 
9.
Asset retirement provision
 
 
The asset retirement provision relates to current and historical disturbance caused to the mineral concessions within the area of interest of the Esaase development project. Management has determined that these areas will be included as part of the project’s life-of-mine rehabilitation program. The present value of this constructive obligation has been recorded as a non-current provision.

Esaase development project
 
Year ended
Year ended
   
March 31, 2012
March 31, 2011
       
Opening balance
 
$        7,242,082
$             49,084
Additions
 
1,244,976
7,192,998
Accretion
 
250,576
--
       
Closing balance
 
$        8,737,634
$        7,242,082

Undiscounted and uninflated estimated future cash obligation
$        8,532,476
$        8,186,463
Expected term until settlement
 
13 years
13 years
Discount rate
 
2.23%
3.46%


 
 

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.
 
   
 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
 Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011    Expressed in United States Dollars
 

 10. Share capital
 
(a)   Authorized
Unlimited common shares without par value; and
Unlimited preferred shares without par value
 
(b)  Issued and outstanding common shares
   
Number
       
   
of shares
     
Amount
 
 
Balance, March 31, 2010
    45,047,123     $ 97,003,978  
 
Issued for cash:
               
         Pursuant to a bought deal financing at C$7.50
    28,405,000       216,296,974  
 
         Share issuance costs, cash
    -       (10,356,041 )
 
         Share issuance costs, fair value of warrants
               
               granted to underwriters
    -       (662,580 )
 
         Pursuant to the exercise of warrants
               
                                                               - at C$3.10
    237,333       724,704  
 
         Pursuant to the exercise of options
               
                                                               - at C$1.12
    37,500       41,155  
                                                               - at C$1.16
    200,000       227,783  
                                                               - at C$2.44
    349,507       820,950  
                                                               - at C$2.48
    40,000       100,232  
                                                               - at C$3.31
    50,000       164,901  
                                                               - at C$3.60
    75,000       265,869  
                                                               - at C$4.01
    65,625       262,876  
                                                               - at C$4.20
    280,000       1,138,519  
                                                               - at C$6.19
    97,500       595,089  
 
Transferred from equity reserves on the exercise of options and warrants
    -       2,720,965  
 
Balance, March 31, 2011
    74,884,588       309,345,374  
 
Issued for cash:
               
         Pursuant to the exercise of options
               
                                                               - at C$2.44
    305,000       749,130  
                                                               - at C$3.31
    50,000       172,667  
                                                               - at C$3.60
    25,000       91,764  
                                                               - at C$4.01
    96,250       398,599  
                                                               - at C$4.20
    75,000       321,363  
                                                               - at C$6.19
    80,000       515,487  
                                                               - at C$7.83
    10,000       82,262  
 
Issued pursuant to the SGM agreement (note 7(a))
    20,000       156,009  
 
Transferred from equity reserves on the exercise of options
    -       1,365,779  
 
Balance, March 31, 2012
    75,545,838     $ 313,198,434  
 
 
 

 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.  
   
 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
 Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011    Expressed in United States Dollars
 
10.
Share capital (continued)
 
Year ended March 31, 2012
 
During the year ended March 31, 2012, an aggregate of 641,250 common shares were issued for gross proceeds of $2,331,272 on exercise of options. In addition, a reclassification of $1,365,779 from equity reserves to share capital was recorded on the exercise of these options.
 
The Company issued 20,000 shares to SGM pursuant to an agreement on a concession adjacent the Essase Gold property (note 7(a)). The fair value of the shares was estimated to be $156,009 or $7.80 (C$ 7.98) per share which was the closing market price of the Company’s shares at July 11, 2011 when the shares became issuable.
 
Year ended March 31, 2011
 
On February 17, 2011, the Company completed a bought deal share offering pursuant to an underwriting agreement, under which the underwriters purchased an aggregate of 24,700,000 common shares of the Company at a price of C$7.50 per common share for gross proceeds of $188,084,325. The underwriters exercised an over-allotment option to purchase an additional 3,705,000 common shares at C$7.50, bringing the total gross proceeds from the bought deal financing to $216,296,974.  Pursuant to the underwriting agreement, the Company paid a commission to the underwriters equivalent to 4.5% of the gross proceeds raised or $9,733,364  and incurred other cash share issuance costs totaling $622,677.  In addition, the Company granted 284,050 share purchase warrants to the underwriters entitling them to purchase common shares of the Company at a price of C$7.50 per share until February 17, 2013. The Company recorded share issuance costs of $662,580 related to the warrants granted to underwriters, representing the fair value or the warrants calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing method (note 11(b)).
 
During the year ended March 31, 2011, an aggregate of 1,195,132 common shares were issued for gross proceeds of $3,617,374 on exercise of options. In addition, a reclassification of $2,415,077 from equity reserves to share capital was recorded on the exercise of these options.
 
During the year ended March 31, 2011, an aggregate of 237,333 common shares were issued for gross proceeds of $724,704 on exercise of broker’s warrants. In addition, a reclassification of $305,888 from equity reserves to share capital was recorded on the exercise of the broker’s warrants.
 
11.
Equity reserves
 
 
(a)
Share-based options
 
The Company maintains a rolling share-based option plan providing for the issuance of share-based options for up to 10% of the Company’s issued and outstanding common shares. The Company may grant from time to time options to its directors, officers, employees and other service providers. The options vest 25% on the date of the grant and 12 ½ % every three months thereafter for a total vesting period of 18 months.
 
Share-based options movement
Number
Weighted average
 
of shares
exercise price
     
Balance, March 31, 2011
6,213,750
C$6.37
   Granted
1,952,500
C$5.17
   Exercised
(641,250)
C$3.55
   Forfeited
(102,500)
C$7.43
   Cancelled
(2,475,000)
C$8.04
Balance, March 31, 2012
4,947,500
C$5.41
 
 
 
 

 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.  
   
 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
 Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011    Expressed in United States Dollars
 
11.
Equity reserves (continued)
 
 
(a)
Share-based options (continued)
 
The following table summarizes the share-based options outstanding and exercisable at March 31, 2012:
 
       
 
Number outstanding at
 
Number exercisable at
Exercise price
March 31, 2012
Expiry date
March 31, 2012
       
C$4.20
365,000
February 5, 2013
365,000
C$1.12
12,500
January 15, 2014
12,500
C$3.31
70,000
June 2, 2014
70,000
C$3.10
225,000
July 2, 2014
225,000
C$3.10
75,000
July 17, 2014
75,000
C$4.01
320,000
October 6, 2014
320,000
C$6.50
220,000
December 13, 2014
220,000
C$6.19
1,392,500
May 26, 2015
1,392,500
C$8.00
600,000
March 17, 2016
450,000
C$7.55
50,000
July 8, 2016
25,000
C$7.66
40,000
August 2, 2016
20,000
C$4.59
1,577,500
February 16, 2017
394,375
 
4,947,500
 
3,569,375
Weighted average contractual life
     
   remaining at March 31, 2012 (years)
3.52
 
3.04
 
 
During the year ended March 31, 2012, under the Black-Scholes option pricing model, $11,226,781 (March 31, 2011 - $10,755,440) in share-based compensation expense was recorded in the statement of comprehensive loss of which $2,379,808 (March 31, 2011 - $3,296,932) was included in exploration and evaluation expenses. In addition, during the year ended March 31, 2012, share-based compensation of $1,502,166 was included in mineral interests and development costs (March 31, 2011 - $Nil).
 
During the year ended March 31, 2012, certain of the Company’s directors, officers and employees voluntarily forfeited 2,475,000 options: 1,826,250 of these options were vested and the remaining 648,750 were unvested. These forfeited options had a fair value of $12,047,139, of which $11,260,901 has previously been expensed and $786,238 relates to the accelerated recognition of share-based compensation expense upon the voluntarily forfeiture of these share-based options during the current year.
 
The fair value of share-based options used to calculate compensation expense has been estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions:

     
 
Year ended
Year ended
 
March 31, 2012
March 31, 2011
     
Risk free interest rate
1.25%
2.21%
Expected dividend yield
0%
0%
Stock price volatility
87.28%
88.11%
Forfeiture rate
1.14%
1.28%
Expected life of options
3.56 years
3.63 years
 
 
 

 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.  
   
 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
 Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011    Expressed in United States Dollars
 
11.
Equity reserves (continued)
 
 
(b)
Warrants
 
The continuity of share purchase warrants for the year ended March 31, 2012 is as follows:

Exercise price
Expiry date
March 31, 2011
Issued
Exercised
Expired
March 31, 2012
             
C$  7.50
February 17, 2013
284,050
-
-
-
284,050
             
   
284,050
-
-
-
284,050
 
The continuity of share purchase warrants for the year ended March 31, 2011 is as follows:

Exercise price
Expiry date
March 31, 2010
Issued
Exercised
Expired
March 31, 2011
             
C$  7.50
February 17, 2013
-
284,050
-
-
284,050
C$  3.10
November 26, 2010
237,333
-
(237,333)
-
-
             
   
237,333
284,050
(237,333)
-
284,050
 
The fair value of $662,580 of the 284,050 brokers’ warrants issued during the year ended March 31, 2011 was included in share issuance costs (note 10 (b)).
 
The fair value of the 284,050 broker warrants was calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:

 
February 17, 2011
   
Risk free interest rate
1.79%
Expected dividend yield
0%
Stock price volatility
55%
Share price on date of valuation
C$7.50
Expected life of warrants
2.0 years


 
(c)
Shareholder rights plan
 
During the year ended March 31, 2009, the Directors of the Company approved the adoption of a shareholder rights plan (the “Rights Plan”).  The objective of the Board of Directors in adopting this Plan is to achieve full and fair value for the Company’s shareholders in the event of an unsolicited take-over bid for the Company.
 
The rights become exercisable only when a person or party acquires or announces its intention to acquire 20% or more of the outstanding shares of the Company without complying with certain provisions of the Rights Plan.  Each right would entitle each holder of common shares (other than the acquiring person or party) to purchase additional common shares of the Company at a 50% discount to the market price at the time.


 
 

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.  
   
 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
 Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011    Expressed in United States Dollars
 


12.  Related party transactions
 
All transactions with related parties have occurred in the normal course of operations and are measured at their fair value as determined by the management. All amounts are unsecured, non-interest bearing and have no specific terms of settlement. In addition to the transactions with related parties disclosed elsewhere in these consolidated financial statements, the Company had the following related parties transactions during the year ended March 31, 2012:
 
The Company has a geological consulting agreement with Rock-on Exploration Ltd., a company controlled by a director of the Company, under which the Company pays $10,000 per month plus benefits. During the year ended March 31, 2012, the Company paid consulting fees and benefits of $141,180 (2011 - $301,450). Included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities as at March 31, 2012 is $41,532 (2011 - $47,819) owing to this company.
 
During the year ended March 31, 2012, the Company paid/accrued professional fees of $nil (2011 - $15,414) for accounting fees to a company controlled by an officer of the Company.
 
During the year ended March 31, 2012, the Company recovered on a cost recovery basis $1,275,881 (2011 - $219,580) from companies with directors and officers in common, which is included in administration expenses in the statement of comprehensive income.
 
Key management compensation

 
2012
2011
     
       Salaries
$          2,296,856
$          1,203,723
   Share-based payments
6,115,578
3,614,837
       Other compensation
72,650
52,927
     
 
$          8,485,084
$        4,871,487


13.               Commitments
 
As at March 31, 2012, the Company had released all of its contractual commitments with certain service providers in Canada due to the sale of 75% of UMS and the resulting loss of control. In Ghana all contractual obligations have been fully prepaid and therefore released.


 
 

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.  
   
 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
 Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011    Expressed in United States Dollars
 


14.               Contingencies
 
 
(a)
Ghanaian mining royalties and taxes
 
On March 19, 2010, the government of Ghana amended section 25 of the Minerals and Mining Act of 2006 (Act 703) which stipulates the royalty rates on mineral extraction payable by mining companies in Ghana. The Act now states that a holder of a mining lease, restricted mining lease, or small scale mining license shall pay a royalty in respect of minerals obtained from its mining operations to Ghana at the rate of 5% of the total revenue earned from minerals obtained by the holder. Currently,  uncertainty exists on how this amendment will affect the Esaase gold property’s existing mining lease and whether the rate will change as the Company goes through negotiations with the government with respect to a stability agreement on the project.
 
Proposed changes to the Ghanaian tax system were announced and substantively enacted during the year ended March 31, 2012. Corporate tax rates rose from 25% to 35% and capital deductions were reduced from current rates to a straight-line depreciation of 20% per year over 5 years. In addition, a windfall tax is being considered by the Ghanaian government.  It is not clear at this time how such a tax would be applied and what impact it may have on the project.
 
 
(b)
Esaase option agreement suit
 
Keegan Ghana was named jointly with the Ghana Minerals Commission as a co-defendant in a legal suit by Sametro Co. Ltd., the company that had originally optioned the Esaase gold property to the Company (the “Litigation”). The Plaintiff is alleging certain irregularities in connection with the closing of the option resulting in Keegan Ghana’s acquisition of the Esaase gold property and the issuing of the requisite regulatory approvals under Ghanaian law. Keegan Ghana has refuted the allegations on grounds that it had at all material times acted legally and in good faith and has therefore filed a defense and counter-claim against the Plaintiff.
 
Effective October 31, 2011, the Company entered into a written settlement agreement with two parties who together hold a 60% interest in the outcome of the Litigation. These parties acquired their interests in the Litigation pursuant to a settlement agreement reached in 2010 with the principal plaintiff, Sametro Co Ltd. that was entered into the Ghana High Court at Tarkwa. Keegan's partial settlement agreement provides that the two settling parties will receive an aggregate of $1.5 million conditional primarily upon acceptance of the agreement by the Ghanaian Court and certain other conditions all of which can be waived by Keegan in its sole discretion. During the year ended March 31, 2012 Keegan made payments totaling $0.1 million and recorded a current liability of $1.4 million for the remainder of the settlement amount. These amounts have been capitalized to mineral interests.
 
The Company continues to view the remaining litigation as without legal merit and the claim will be vigorously defended.  The Ghana Minerals Commission has also denied the allegations and filed a defense to the suit. The Company’s potential liability for damages, if any, is currently not determinable.

 
 

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.  
   
 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
 Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011    Expressed in United States Dollars
 


15.  Segmented information
 
 
Geographic Information
 
 
The Company operates in one reportable operating segment, being the exploration and development of resource properties.
 
 
Geographic allocation of non-current assets

March 31, 2012
Canada
Ghana
Total
       
Plant and equipment
$        172,393
$        1,812,326
$        1,984,719
Investment in associates
627,394
-
627,394
Mineral interests
-
25,822,734
25,822,734
 
    $        799,787
$      27,635,060
$      28,434,847

March 31, 2011
Canada
Ghana
Total
       
Plant and equipment
$        389,483
$       1,094,524
$        1,484,007
Mineral interests
-
10,581,692
10,581,692
       
 
    $        389,483
$     11,676,216
$      12,065,699
 
Geographic allocation of loss

 
Canada
Ghana
Total
       
Year ended March 31, 2012
$    17,660,306
$     20,492,279
$      38,152,585
Year ended March 31, 2011
 $      7,507,745
$     27,344,970
$      34,852,715
 

16.  Supplemental cash flow information

       
   
2012
2011
         
Income tax paid
$
-
$
-
Depreciation included in exploration
       
   and evaluation expenses
 
371,740
 
133,354
Shares issued included
       
   in mineral interest
 
156,009
 
-
Asset retirement provision included in
       
   mineral interests and development costs
 
1,244,976
 
7,165,290
Mineral interests and development costs included
       
   in accounts payable and accrued liabilities
 
1,107,283
 
500,000
Share-based compensation included in
       
   mineral interests and development cost
 
1,502,166
 
-
Fair value of broker's warrants included
       
   in share capital
 
-
 
662,580


 
 

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.  
   
 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
 Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011    Expressed in United States Dollars
 

 
17.
Loss per share

Basic loss per share amounts are calculated by dividing the net loss for the year by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year.
 

   
2012
2011
       
Loss attributable to ordinary shareholders
 
$    38,152,585
 $   34,852,715
Weighted average number of common shares
 
75,347,941
49,177,957
Basic and diluted loss per share
 
$               0.51
 $             0.71
 
 
Weighted average number of common shares:
     
 
2012
2011
     
Issued common shares at April 1,
74,884,588
45,047,123
     
Effect of shares issued in bought deal financing
-
3,277,500
     
Effect of shares issued on exercise
   
   of share-based options
461,928
729,858
     
Effect of shares issued on exercise
   
   of broker's warrants
-
123,476
     
Effect of shares issued on
   
   SGM agreement (note 7(a))
1,425
-
     
Weighted average number of
   
common shares (basic and diluted) at March 31,
75,347,941
49,177,957
 
Basic and diluted loss per share amounts are the same as there are no instruments that have a dilutive effect on earnings.
 

 
 

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.  
   
 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
 Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011    Expressed in United States Dollars
 

 
18.  Financial instruments
 
As at March 31, 2012, the Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, and accounts payable and accrued liabilities.
 
The following table summarizes the designation and fair value hierarchy under which the Company’s financial instruments are valued:
 
Level 1 – fair values based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
Level 2 – fair values based on inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; and
Level 3 – fair values based on inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data.
 
The fair value of financial instruments approximates their carrying value, unless otherwise noted.

     
March 31, 2012
 
 
Category
 
Carrying value
 
Amount
Fair value
hierarchy
Financial assets
       
         
Cash and cash equivalents
Loans and
receivables
Amortized cost
$       197,608,106
N/A
         
Receivables, excluding sales taxes refundable
Loans and
receivables
Amortized cost
120,463
N/A
         
     
      $      197,728,569
 
         
Financial liabilities
       
         
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
Other financial
liabilities
Amortized cost
        $          4,813,773
N/A
         
     
      $          4,813,773
 
 


 
 

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.  
   
 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
 Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011    Expressed in United States Dollars
 

 
 
18.  Financial instruments (continued)

     
March 31, 2011
 
 
Category
 
Carrying value
 
Amount
Fair value
hierarchy
         
Financial assets
       
         
Cash and cash equivalents
Loans and
receivables
Amortized cost
$    236,329,452
N/A
         
Receivables, excluding sales
   taxes refundable
Loans and
receivables
Amortized cost
95,816
N/A
         
     
$   236,425,268
 
         
Financial liabilities
       
         
Accounts payable and accrued
   liabilities
Other financial
liabilities
Amortized cost
$        5,236,343
               N/A
         
     
$       5,236,343
 

The risk exposure arising from these financial instruments is summarized as follows:
 
 
(a)
Credit risk
 
Credit risk is the risk of an unexpected loss if a customer or a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations. The Company is subject to credit risk on the cash and cash equivalent balances held at banks in each of Canada and Ghana. The majority of the Company’s cash is held in Canadian based banking institutions, authorized under the Bank Act (Canada) to accept deposits. As at March 31, 2012, the receivables excluding refundable sales tax consist primarily of interest receivable of $112,638 (March 31, 2011 - $72,423) and other receivables of $7,825 (March 31, 2011 - $23,393), neither of which are considered past due.

 
 

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.  
   
 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
 Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011    Expressed in United States Dollars
 
 
 
18.  Financial instruments (continued)
 
 
(b)
Liquidity risk
 
The Company’s approach to managing liquidity is to ensure that it will have sufficient liquidity to settle obligations and liabilities when due. As at March 31, 2012 the Company had a cash and cash equivalents balance of $197,608,106 (March 31, 2011 – $236,329,452) to settle current liabilities of $4,813,773 (March 31, 2011 - $5,236,343) that mainly consist of accounts payable that are considered short term and expected to be settled within 30 days.
 
 
(c)
Market risk
 
 
(i)
Interest rate risk
 
Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates.
 
The Company’s cash and cash equivalents attract interest at floating rates and have maturities of 90 days or less  or maturity over ninety days but redeemable on demand without penalty. The interest is typical of Canadian banking rates, which are at present low, however the conservative investment strategy mitigates the risk of deterioration to the investment. A sensitivity analysis suggests that a change of 100 basis points in the interest rates would result in a corresponding increase or decrease in loss for the year ended March 31, 2012 of approximately $1,976,081 (year ended March 31, 2011 - $2,363,294).
 
 
(ii)
Foreign currency risk
 
The Company is exposed to the financial risk related to the fluctuation of foreign exchange rates. The Company has offices in Canada and Ghana and holds cash in Canadian, United States and Ghanaian Cedi currencies in line with forecasted expenditures.
 
A significant change in the currency exchange rates between the US dollar relative to Canadian dollar (“CAD”), Ghanaian Cedi and the Australian dollar (“AUD”) could have an effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or cash flows. At March 31, 2012 and March 31, 2011, the Company had no hedging agreements in place with respect to foreign exchange rates.
 
The Company is exposed to currency risk through the following financial assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies, expressed below in US dollar equivalents:

 
March 31, 2012
March 31, 2011
 
CAD
Ghana
Cedis
AUD
CAD
Ghana 
Cedis
AUD
             
Cash and cash
   equivalents
 $  37,758,640
$               -
$              -
$171,881,945
$  348,177
$               -
Accounts payable
(707,148)
(300,132)
(669,309)
(238,338)
(482,569)
 (398,862)
Net exposure
$   37,051,493
$ (300,132)
$(669,309)
$171,643,607
$ (134,392)
$   (398,862)


 
 

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.  
   
 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
 Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011    Expressed in United States Dollars
 
 
18.  Financial instruments (continued)
 
 
(c)
Market risk
 
 
(ii)
Foreign currency risk
 
A 10% appreciation or deprecation of the above mentioned currencies compared with the US dollar would result in a corresponding increase or decrease in net assets of approximately $3,608,205 as at March 31, 2012 (March 31, 2011 - $17,111,035).
 
 
(iii)
Other price risk
 
Other price risk is the risk that the future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market prices, other than those arising from currency risk or interest rate risk. As at March 31, 2012 and 2011, the Company was not exposed to other price risk.
 
 
(d)
Fair value
 
The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, receivables and accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate their respective fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments.
 
 
(e) 
Items of income, expense, gains or losses arising from financial instruments

   
 
2012
2011
     
t   Interest income from loans and receivable
$     1,557,889
$        482,735
Foreign exchange gain (loss)
(1,295,107)
3,150,101
Realized gain on available-for-sale financial assets
-
212,103
     

19.  Capital management
 
The Company considers items included in shareholders’ equity to be capital.

 
March 31, 2012
   March 31, 2011
     
Shareholders’ equity
$   213,383,856
$   236,320,213
     
 
The Company manages its capital structure and makes adjustments to it, based on the funds available to the Company in order to support the acquisition, exploration and development of mineral properties and to maintain the Company in good standing with the various regulatory authorities. The Company has no debt and is not subject to externally imposed capital requirements.
 
The properties in which the Company currently has interests in are in the exploration and development stage, as such, the Company does not currently generate revenue. The Company’s historical sources of capital have consisted of the sale of equity securities and interest income. In order for the Company to carry out planned exploration and development and pay for administrative costs, the Company will spend its working capital and raise additional amounts externally as needed.

 
 

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.  
   
 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
 Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011    Expressed in United States Dollars


19.  Capital management (continued)
 
The Company has policies and procedures in place for employee and officer expenditure authorization limits and capital expenditure authorization. Capital expenditures of $1,500,000 or more require approval by the Board of Directors. Management reviews its capital management approach on an ongoing basis and believes this approach is reasonable.
 
There were no changes in the Company’s management of capital during the year ended March 31, 2012.

 
20.  Income taxes
 
(a) Tax losses
 
The Company has accumulated foreign resource deductions totaling $76,325,080 (2011 - $53,262,233) and non-capital losses of approximately $22,721,173 (2011 - $20,111,374) in Canada and $7,954,882 (2011 - $6,465,307) in Ghana for income tax purposes, which may be carried forward to reduce taxable income of future years.  The non-capital losses expire as follows:

    Ghana     Canada
Total
         
 
2013
$       451,607
$                     -
$        451,607
 
2014
728,279
54,639
782,918
 
2015
2,567,303
368,621
2,935,924
 
2016
2,426,748
-
2,426,748
 
2017
1,780,945
-
1,780,945
 
2026
-
1,095,379
1,095,379
 
2027
-
1,403,277
1,403,277
 
2028
-
2,165,006
2,165,006
 
2029
-
2,511,216
2,511,216
 
2030
-
4,368,090
4,368,090
 
2031
-
7,544,847
7,544,847
 
2032
-
3,210,098
3,210,098
         
   
$    7,954,882
$    22,721,173
$   30,676,055

 
(b) Income tax recovery provision
 
 
A reconciliation of the income tax provision computed at statutory rates to the reported income tax provision is:

 
2012
2011
     
Average statutory tax rate
26.13%
28.00%
     
Loss before income taxes
$   (38,152,585)
$   (34,852,715)
     
Expected income tax recovery
(9,967,363)
(9,758,760)
Increase (decrease) in income tax recovery resulting from:
   
Mineral exploration costs not deductible for tax
        1,591,057
2,444,240
Stock based compensation
         2,321,866
2,088,382
Other permanent differences
             200,923
(368,345)
Effect of change in statutory rates
             (5,012,294)
40,386
Effect of differences in tax rate in foreign jurisdictions
             (1,274,846)
597,345
Share issuance costs
-
(2,507,863)
Foreign exchange
2,151,699
(1,564,612)
Increase in unrecognized tax assets
9,988,958
9,029,227
     
Income tax recovery
$                      -
$                     -
 
 
 

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.  
   
 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
 Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011    Expressed in United States Dollars
 
 
20.       Income taxes (continued)

 
(c)  
Deferred tax assets and liabilities
 
 
April 1,
2011
Net
income/loss
 
Equity
March 31,
2012
Property and equipment
$         56,413
$       (547,890)
$                  -
$       (491,477)
Share issuance costs
2,690,339
-
(812,525)
1,877,814
Investment in associate
-
454,029
-
454,029
Mineral interests
11,086,358
9,273,295
-
20,359,653
Unrealized foreign exchange
447,440
(190,672)
-
256,767
Non-capital losses carried forward
6,644,170
1,812,722
-
8,456,892
 
  20,924,720
10,801,484
(812,525)
30,913,678
         
Unrecognized deferred tax asset
$(20,924,720)
$(10,801,484)
$      812,525
  $  (30,913,678)
Deferred tax assets
$                   -
$                   -
$                  -
$                     -
Deferred tax liabilities
$                   -
$                   -
$                  -
$                     -
Net deferred tax balance
$                   -
$                   -
$                  -
$                     -


 
April 1,
2010
Net
income/loss
 
Equity
March 31,
2011
Property and equipment
$         43,705
$       12,708
$              -
56,413
Share issuance costs
821,186
-
1,869,153
2,690,339
Mineral interests
6,855,015
4,231,343
-
11,086,358
Unrealized foreign exchange
205,117
242,731
-
447,440
Non-capital losses carried forward
3,970,469
2,673,701
-
6,644,170
 
  11,895,492
7,160,083
1,869,153
20,924,720
         
Unrecognized deferred tax asset
(11,895,492)
(7,160,083)
(1,869,153)
     (20,924,720)
Deferred tax assets
$                -
$                -
$                  -
$                  -
Deferred tax liabilities
$                -
$                -
$                  -
$                  -
Net deferred tax balance
$                -
$                -
$                  -
$                  -

 
The Company is not recording deferred tax assets as it was determined that under current conditions it is not more like-than-not that these future tax benefits in Canada and Ghana will be realized.

 
 

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.  
   
 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
 Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011    Expressed in United States Dollars
 


21.
First-time adoption of IFRS
 
The accounting policies described in note 3 have been applied in preparing the consolidated financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2012, the comparative information for the year ended March 31, 2011, and the preparation of an opening IFRS statement of financial position on the Transition Date, April 1, 2010.
 
The guidance for the first time adoption of IFRS are set out in IFRS 1 – First-time adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS 1”). IFRS 1 provides for certain mandatory exceptions and optional exemptions for first time adopters of IFRS.
 
The Company elected to take the following IFRS 1 optional exemptions:
 
·  
IFRS 2- Share-Based Payments - The Company has taken the election and reassessed only the fair value of options that were granted after Nov 7, 2002 and that have not vested at the date of transition, April 1, 2010.
 
·  
IAS 37 – Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets ­– The Company has taken the election and calculated its opening asset retirement obligation under IFRS as at April 1, 2010.
 
The Company applied the following IFRS 1 mandatory exceptions:
 
·  
IAS 27 – Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements and IAS 28 – Investments in Associates – On adoption of IFRS the Company will measure the assets and liabilities of its subsidiary, Keegan Ghana, at the same carrying amounts as in the financial statements of the subsidiary after adjusting for consolidation and equity accounting adjustments.
 
In preparing its opening IFRS statement of financial position as at April 1, 2010, comparative information for the year ended March 31, 2011 and as at March 31, 2011, the Company has adjusted amounts reported previously in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP, accompanied by an explanation of how the transition from previous GAAP to IFRS has affected the Company’s financial position, statements of comprehensive loss, deficit and cash flows. The reconciliations and explanations on translation adjustments are as follows:


 
 

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.  
   
 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
 Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011    Expressed in United States Dollars
 


21.
First-time adoption of IFRS (continued)

 
Reconciliation of Assets, Liabilities & Equity
               
As at April 1, 2010
               
                 
   
GAAP
 
GAAP
 
Effect of
   
   
Expressed in
 
expressed in
 
transition to
   
   
Canadian dollars
 
US dollars
 
IFRS
 
IFRS
       
note a
 
notes b,c,d
   
Assets
               
                 
Current assets:
               
Cash and cash equivalents
$
48,712,372
$
47,954,689
$
-
$
47,954,689
Receivables
 
122,669
 
120,760
 
-
 
120,760
Prepaid assets
 
257,561
 
253,553
 
-
 
253,553
   
49,092,602
 
48,329,002
 
-
 
48,329,002
                 
Non-current assets:
               
Plant and equipment
 
318,242
 
291,026
 
409,986
 
701,012
Mineral interests
 
41,123,128
 
37,953,688
 
(35,719,268)
 
2,234,420
   
41,441,370
 
38,244,714
 
(35,309,282)
 
2,935,432
                 
Total assets
$
90,533,972
$
86,573,716
$
(35,309,282)
$
51,264,434
                 
Liabilities
               
                 
Current liabilities:
               
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
$
1,097,951
$
1,080,873
$
-
$
1,080,873
   
1,097,951
 
1,080,873
 
-
 
1,080,873
                 
Non-current liabilities:
               
Asset retirement obligation
 
49,860
 
49,084
 
-
 
49,084
   
49,860
 
49,084
 
-
 
49,084
                 
Total liabilities
 
1,147,811
 
1,129,957
 
-
 
1,129,957
                 
                 
Shareholders' Equity
               
                 
Common shares
 
104,887,236
 
97,003,978
 
-
 
97,003,978
Equity reserves
 
8,082,767
 
7,339,093
 
(171,753)
 
7,167,340
Accumulated deficit
 
(23,583,842)
 
(18,899,312)
 
(35,137,529)
 
(54,036,84 )
   
89,386,161
 
85,443,759
 
(35,309,282)
 
50,134,477
Total shareholders' equity and liabilities
$
90,533,972
$
86,573,716
$
(35,309,282)
$
51,264,434
 
 

 
 

 
 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.  
   
 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
 Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011    Expressed in United States Dollars
 



21.
First-time adoption of IFRS (continued)

 
Reconciliation of Assets, Liabilities & Equity
                 
As at March 31, 2011
                 
   
GAAP
 
GAAP
 
Effect of
     
   
Expressed in
 
expressed in
 
transition to
     
   
Canadian dollars
 
US dollars
 
IFRS
   
IFRS
       
Sub-note a
 
Sub-notes b,c,d
     
Assets
                 
                   
Current assets:
                 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
229,144,989
$
236,329,452
$
-
 
$
236,329,452
Receivables
 
244,880
 
252,557
 
-
   
252,557
Prepaid assets
 
146,084
 
150,930
 
-
   
150,930
   
229,535,953
 
236,732,939
 
-
   
236,732,939
                   
Non-current assets:
                 
Plant and equipment
 
537,111
 
506,273
 
977,734
   
1,484,007
Mineral interests
 
74,843,010
 
70,792,389
 
(60,210,697)
   
10,581,692
   
75,380,121
 
71,298,662
 
(59,232,963)
   
12,065,699
                   
Total assets
$
304,916,074
$
308,031,601
$
(59,232,963)
 
$
248,798,638
                   
Liabilities
                 
                   
Current liabilities:
                 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
$
5,076,974
$
5,236,343
$
-
 
$
5,236,343
   
5,076,974
 
5,236,343
 
-
   
5,236,343
                   
Non-current liabilities:
                 
Asset retirement obligation
 
4,762,009
 
4,911,313
 
2,330,769
   
7,242,082
   
4,762,009
 
4,911,313
 
2,330,769
   
7,242,082
                   
Total liabilities
 
9,838,983
 
10,147,656
 
2,330,769
   
12,478,425
                   
                   
                   
Shareholders' Equity
                 
                   
Common shares
 
314,407,860
 
309,475,894
 
(130,520)
   
309,345,374
Equity reserves
 
17,163,323
 
16,364,296
 
(499,901)
   
15,864,395
Accumulated deficit
 
(36,494,092 )
 
(27,956,245 )
 
(60,933,311)
   
(88,889,556)
   
295,077,091
 
297,883,945
 
(61,563,732)
   
236,320,213
                   
Total shareholders' equity and liabilities
$
304,916,074
$
308,031,601
$
(59,232,963)
 
 $
248,798,638
 

 
 




 
 

 
 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.  
   
 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
 Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011    Expressed in United States Dollars


21.
First-time adoption of IFRS (continued)

 
Reconciliation of loss and comprehensive loss
               
Year ended March 31, 2011
               
   
GAAP
 
GAAP
 
Effect of
   
   
Expressed in
 
expressed in
 
transition to
   
   
Canadian dollars
 
US dollars
 
IFRS
 
IFRS
       
Sub-note a
 
Sub-notes b,c
   
Administration expenses
               
                 
                 
Expenses:
               
Amortization
$
101,974
$
100,281
$
-
$
100,281
Consulting fees, directors' fees and wages
               
and benefits
 
2,415,249
 
2,375,162
 
-
 
2,375,162
Office, rent and administration
 
1,059,822
 
1,049,039
 
-
 
1,049,039
Professional fees
 
437,970
 
430,689
 
-
 
430,689
Regulatory fees, transfer agent and
               
shareholder information
 
185,783
 
182,713
 
-
 
182,713
Stock-based compensation
 
7,799,995
 
7,777,371
 
(318,863)
 
7,458,508
Travel, promotion and investor relations
 
970,548
 
950,989
 
-
 
950,989
   
12,971,341
 
12,866,244
 
(318,863)
 
12,547,381
                 
Exploration and evaluation expenditures
 
-
 
-
 
26,114,646
 
26,114,646
                 
Other expenses (income):
               
Bank charges and interest
 
36,232
 
35,627
 
-
 
35,627
Interest and other income
 
(490,851)
 
(482,735)
 
-
 
(482,735)
Gain on sale of marketable securities
 
(215,666)
 
(212,103)
 
-
 
(212,103)
Foreign exchange loss (gain)
 
609,194
 
(3,150,101)
 
-
 
(3,150,101)
   
(61,091)
 
(3,809,312)
 
-
 
(3,809,312)
Loss and comprehensive loss for the year
$
12,910,250
$
9,056,932
$
25,795,783
$
34,852,715
 


 
 

 
 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.  
   
 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
 Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011    Expressed in United States Dollars


 21.
First-time adoption of IFRS (continued)

(a)
Functional currency and the effect of changes in foreign exchange rates
 
IFRS requires that the functional currency of each entity of the Company be determined separately. The Company has determined that as at the Transition Date, the United States dollar was the functional currency of all entities in the Company.
 
Under GAAP, the Company’s parent company, Keegan Resources Inc. was deemed to have a measurement currency of the Canadian dollar and each of its subsidiaries were considered to be integrated foreign subsidiaries. Under this accounting policy, monetary assets and liabilities, not denominated in Canadian dollars were translated to their Canadian dollar equivalents using foreign exchange rates which prevailed at the date of each balance sheet. Non-monetary items were translated at exchange rates prevailing when the assets were acquired or the obligations incurred. Foreign currency denominated expense items were translated at exchange rates prevailing at the transaction date.
 
Under IFRS, non-monetary assets, liabilities and the Company’s equity account have been recalculated using the US dollar based exchange rates prevailing when the assets were acquired, the obligations incurred or the expense was incurred. As at April 1, 2010, under GAAP, the Company had reported net assets of C$89,386,161 and under IFRS, the Company reports net assets of $85,443,759 prior to the effect of any of the other IFRS opening balance sheet adjustments.

(b)
Share-based payments
 
Under GAAP, the Company measured share-based compensation related to share purchase options at the fair value of the options granted using the Black-Scholes model and recognized this expense over the vesting period of the options. The fair value takes into account a number of variables, including the exercise price of the award, the expected dividend rate, the expected life of the options and the risk free interest rate. The expense is recorded on a straight-line basis over the graded vesting period of the award. The forfeiture rate is assumed to be nil and the expense is adjusted prospectively as forfeitures occur. Compensation expense attributable to awards that call for settlement in cash or other assets is measured at intrinsic value and recognized over the vesting period.
 
For the purpose of accounting for share based payment transactions an individual is classified as an employee when the individual is consistently represented to be an employee under law. The fair value of the options granted to employees is measured on the date of grant. The fair value of options granted to contractors and consultants is measured on the date the services are completed. Forfeitures are recognized as they occur.
 
IFRS 2, similar to GAAP, requires the Company to measure share-based compensation related to share purchase options granted to employees at the fair value of the options on the date of grant and to recognize such expense over the vesting period of the options. IFRS does, however, require the fair value determination to account for the anticipated forfeiture rate of the options. The Company has now incorporated this rate in the fair value of all grants that were granted after Nov 7, 2002 and that have not vested at the date of transition, April 1, 2010.

 
 

 
 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.  
   
 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
 Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011    Expressed in United States Dollars


21.
First-time adoption of IFRS (continued)
 

(b)
Share-based payments (continued)
 
For the purpose of accounting for share based payment transactions an individual is classified as an employee when the individual is an employee for legal or tax purposes (direct employee) or provides services similar to those performed by a direct employee. This definition of an employee is broader than that applied under GAAP and resulted in certain contractors and consultants being classified as employees under IFRS.
 
As at the Date of Transition, the Company recorded an adjustment to option reserves of $171,753 of which, $123,634 related to previous share-based compensation recorded to the statement of operations under GAAP and $48,119 that was recorded to mineral interest.
 
During the year ended March 31, 2011, share-based compensation was reduced by $318,863 and mineral interests by $139,804.
 
(c)    Exploration and evaluation expenditures
 
Under IFRS 6, the Company can determine an accounting policy specifying which expenditures are recognized as exploration and evaluation assets and apply the policy consistently. In making this determination, the Company must consider the degree to which the expenditure can be associated with finding specific mineral resources.
 
As described in Note 3(f), the Company has selected an accounting policy under IFRS 6 where all exploration and evaluation expenditures are expensed until properties are determined to contain economically recoverable mineral resources. Once the technical feasibility and commercial viability of the extraction of mineral resources in an area of interest are demonstrable, further cost incurred for the development of that project are capitalized as mineral interests.
 
Under GAAP, the Company’s accounting policy was that exploration and development costs are capitalized until properties are brought into production, when costs are amortized on a unit-of-production basis over economically recoverable reserves, abandoned or the interest is sold.
 
As at the Date of Transition, the Company recorded to retained earnings $35,261,163 in previously capitalized  exploration and evaluation costs and reclassified to plant and equipment $409,986 previously capitalized to mineral properties. In addition, the Company expensed a further $26,114,646 of exploration and evaluation costs for the year ended March 31, 2011.
 
(d)   Asset retirement obligation
 
Under IFRS, asset retirement obligations are discounted using a current discount rate specific to the related liability or a risk-free interest rate if risks are incorporated into the related cash flows. Under GAAP, a credit adjusted risk-free rate was used. As a result, the asset retirement obligation recorded at March 31, 2011 has been re-measured and an adjustment has been recorded to mineral interest. This resulted in an increase in mineral interests and an increase in asset retirement obligation of $2,330,769 as at March 31, 2011. No material adjustment was required as at April 1, 2010.
 
EX-99.7 8 ex99-7.htm MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS ex99-7.htm

Exhibit 99.7
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
logo
 
 
 
 
MANAGEMENT DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011
_______________________
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.

Management Discussion & Analysis
Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011
 
 
 
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) of Keegan Resources Inc. (“Keegan” or the “Company”) has been prepared by management as of June 28, 2012 and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 and the related notes thereto. Beginning April 1, 2011, Keegan commenced reporting under International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. The audited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS with comparative information for the year ended March 31, 2011 and as at March 31, 2011 and April 1, 2010 restated under IFRS (see note 21 in the audited financial statements for reconciliations from Canadian generally accepted accounting principals (“GAAP”) to IFRS). All dollar amounts herein are expressed in United States dollars unless stated otherwise.

 
This MD&A contains Forward Looking Information. Please read the Cautionary Statements on page 28 carefully.
 
 
Highlights for the year ended March 31, 2012 and subsequent period to June 28, 2012

The Company’s main focus continues to be advancing it’s Esaase gold project (“Esaase” or the “Property”) located on the Asankrangwa gold belt in Ghana.

Acquisitions

During the year, the Company continued to acquire strategic exploration concessions adjacent to and in close proximity to Esaase.  On December 1, 2011 the Company acquired a 100% interest in the Asuowin Concession, which contained the historic Bilpraw Mine and is immediately adjacent to the Company’s Dawohodo concessions, immediately south of Esaase.  On August 3, 2011 the Company entered into an option agreement with Sky Gold Mines to acquire a 100% interest in a four-part 118 square kilometre concession, including a strategic concession located immediately west of Dawohodo and south of Esaase.

The Company is in the process of negotiating a transaction whereby it expects to acquire the rights to 11 square kilometers of concessions along strike to the south-west of the Esaase main zone.  The concessions are currently designated as Small Miners concessions by the Government of Ghana.  The Company expects to complete this acquisition during the 2012 calendar year.

Exploration

During the year, the Company completed an extensive exploration program on its properties including infill drilling at Esaase and exploration drilling on its newly acquired Dawohodo, Bilpraw and Sky Gold concessions.  From April 1, 2011 the Company completed 361 holes over 58,200 metres of drilling.

 
Results from Esaase infill drilling resulted in an increase in Mineral Resources and an updated Mineral Resource estimate was released on September 22, 2011 with highlights as follows:
 
-  
Measured and Indicated Resources of 98.7 million tonnes grading 1.1 g/t gold and containing 3.64 million ounces of gold (lower cutoff grade of 0.4 g/t gold).
-  
Inferred Resources of 45.9 million tonnes grading 1.1 g/t gold and containing 1.55 million ounces of gold (lower cutoff grade of 0.4 g/t gold).

In addition, the company announced exploration results at Esaase from the B, D and E zones (June 2 and November 17, 2011).  This drill program focused on step out drilling in the E Zone, which is not included in the current resource estimate,

 
1

 
 

KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.

Management Discussion & Analysis
Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011
 
and the B zone, which has an inferred resource based on relatively wide spaced drill holes. Both zones have returned substantial and significant gold values.

In late 2011, the Company began exploration activities on its newly acquired Bilpraw concessions and announced the first set of assay results on February 14, 2012.  In the process of drilling in the area, the Company discovered a zone significantly larger than the footprint of the historic mining. The Bilpraw Zone now extends over 500 metres of strike length and is still open to the south and at depth.

In June 2012 the Company paused exploration drilling to allow its cash treasury to be deployed in advancing Esaase to production.  It is expected that exploration drilling will resume upon completion of the acquisition of the Small Miners concessions.

Development

During the year, the Company continued extensive engineering and development activities with the goal of advancing Esaase to production.

On September 22, 2011 the Company announced the results of a Pre-Feasibility Study (“PFS”).  Highlights of the PFS are as follows:
 
-  
2.6 million ounces of gold produced over a 10.2 year mine life.
-  
Plant capacity of 7.5 million tonnes per annum, with capacity to treat 9.0 million tonnes per year in early years of production when processing 100% oxide ore.
-  
330,000 oz gold produced in Year 1, with a Life of Mine (“LOM”) average of 258,000 oz/yr.
-  
$639 million after-tax Net Present Value (“NPV”) discounted at 5% and an Internal Rate of Return (“IRR”) of 32% (100% equity basis at $1,500/oz gold revenue applied to a $1,150/oz gold pit shell).
-  
Capital cost of $506 million, utilizing a leased mining fleet. Cash costs of $693/oz gold produced including leasing costs for mining equipment (approximately $55/oz).
 
Based on the positive results of the PFS, a portion of the Measured and Indicated Mineral Resources were converted to Proven and Probable (“P&P") Mineral Reserves with highlights as follows:
 
-  
Total P&P Reserves of 79.4 million tonnes grading 1.1 g/t gold and containing 2.88 million ounces of gold (based on $1,150/oz gold pit shell).

Following the completion of the PFS, the Company continued to advance a Definitive Feasibility Study (“DFS”) based on the same project scope as the PFS.  In May 2012 the Company decided to defer work on the DFS as the macro economic situation and world equity markets deteriorated to the point where the Company felt that financing options available for the project were not accretive to shareholders.

In June 2012, the Company re-focused its development plan for Esaase looking at a staged development concept for the project, which could include:
-  
an improved mine plan featuring higher grade feed to the processing plant and a lower strip ratio in the early years of the mine life, and
-  
an initial processing plant with a reduced capacity and improved process design to substantially reduce the upfront capital requirements for the project.

 
 
2

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.

Management Discussion & Analysis
Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011
 
The Company has engaged Minxcon and DRA, both South African based consultancy firms, to review the mine plan and processing plant design, respectively.

During the year, the Company continued to advance environmental baseline studies necessary for completion of an Environmental Impact Statement (“EIS”), which is required for obtaining an environmental permit from the Ghanaian Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”).  Currently the Company has all of the necessary environmental studies completed to allow it to complete its Environmental Scoping Report (“ESR”) and subsequently the EIS.  Once the revised development plan is completed, the Company expects to be in a position to rapidly move towards obtaining an environmental permit from the EPA.

Community and stakeholder engagement also continued throughout the year in preparation for a community consultation process following submission of the Company’s ESR to the EPA.

 
Description of the Business

The Company was incorporated on September 23, 1999 under the laws of British Columbia.  The Company is in the exploration and development stage and is focused on advancing its principal property, the Esaase Gold Project to commercial production. In addition to its principal project, the Company holds a portfolio of other Ghanaian gold concessions in various stages of exploration. The Company’s shares trade on the Toronto Stock Exchange (“TSX”) and American Stock Exchange (“AMEX”) under the symbol “KGN”.

The Company continues to be well financed with cash and cash equivalents at March 31, 2012 of $197.6 million. Although the Company expects to have to raise additional capital, management has estimated that the Company will have adequate funds from existing working capital to meet corporate, development, administrative and property obligations for the coming 24 months, including the completion of a bankable feasibility study on the Esaase property.

The Company has been judicious in its protection of the capital it has on hand by investing only in high interest savings accounts and Guaranteed Investment Certificates and has no investments in asset-backed commercial paper.
 
 
 
3

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.

Management Discussion & Analysis
Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011

 
Expenditures

For the year ended March 31, 2012, the Company incurred $18.4 million of exploration and evaluation expenditures on its Esaase Gold Property. These costs were spent on continuing the exploration and evaluation drill program, further defining the existing resource through infill and exploration drilling and engineering, geotechnical and metallurgical drill programs and development and engineering studies in support of the Company’s pre-feasibility and feasibility studies.

 
Year ended March 31
 
 
2012
   
2011
 
           
Esaase:
         
   Camp operations
$ 1,091,202     $ 555,438  
   Development support costs
  559,643       1,879,304  
   Equipment and infrastructure
  951,673       588,700  
   Engineering studies
  2,989,662       2,020,526  
   Exploration drilling
  2,933,027       4,479,279  
   Exploration support costs
  1,703,947       4,218,925  
   Health and environmental
  1,102,038       1,072,582  
   Technical and in-fill drilling
  3,570,062       4,883,243  
   Share-based compensation
  2,379,808       3,296,932  
               
   VAT receivable allowance
  1,133,712       1,665,108  
    18,414,774       26,114,646  
Asumura:
  -       1,454,609  
               
Total project expenditures for
   the year
$ 18,414,774     $ 26,114,646  

The results of the PFS for the Esaase project indicate the technical feasibility and commercial viability of the extraction of mineral resources in the area. As per the Company’s accounting policy for exploration and evaluation expenditures (refer to note 3(g) in the consolidated financial statements), once the technical feasibility and commercial viability of the extraction of mineral resources in an area of interest are demonstrable, further costs incurred for the development of the project are capitalized as mineral interests. Based on the positive result of the PFS the Company now has Proven and Probable Mineral reserves and effective October 1, 2011 began capitalizing costs associated with the development of the Esaase project. In the period from October 1, 2011 to March 31, 2012 the Company capitalized $11.8 million of development costs to mineral interests.

In addition, the Company incurred a total of $2.2 million in acquisition costs including an option payment to SGM for $0.11 million and $0.16 million related to 20,000 shares issued to SGM, paid $0.1 million and accrued $1.4 million as partial settlement of the Esaase option agreement suit and paid $0.4 million for the Asuowin Concession.
 
Esaase Gold Property

The Esaase Gold Property is located in the Amansi East District of Ghana, approximately 35km south west of the regional capital Kumasi. The property consists of several mining concessions of which the three largest are the Esaase Concession, Jeni River Concession and Sky Gold Concession.  The Esaase Concession is approximately 10km in a northeast direction by 4km in a northwest direction covering 42.32 square kilometers.
 
 
 
4

 

KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.

Management Discussion & Analysis
Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011
 
 
The property was acquired through an option agreement with Sametro Co. Ltd. (“Sametro”) dated May 3, 2006. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company was to make a series of cash payments totaling $0.89 million, issue 780,000 common shares and incur minimum exploration expenditures of $2.25 million over a three year period.

During the year ended March 31, 2008, after having already made cash payments of $0.5 million, issued 40,000 common shares and completed the full exploration expenditure requirement, the Company renegotiated the option agreement so that all further cash and share payments were no longer owed. In lieu of these payments, the Company paid $0.85 million to a creditor of Sametro and issued 40,000 additional common shares to Sametro. Subsequent to these payments, the Company was granted the full Esaase Mining Lease by the Minerals Commission and Minister of Mines, Lands and Forestry with no further obligation to any party aside from the royalty and government commitments.

During the year ended March 31, 2008, the Company purchased 100% private ownership of the Jeni Concession mining lease and exploration rights. The Jeni Concession lies directly to the southwest and contiguous to the Esaase Gold property. In consideration for the acquisition of the mining lease, Keegan paid $50,000 to the Bonte Liquidation Committee and $50,000 to the Minerals Commission of Ghana for the title transfer.

Both are governed by mining leases that grant the Ghanaian government a standard 10% carried interest and a 5% royalty and the Bonte Liquidation Committee a 0.5% royalty. Subsequent to the granting of these mining leases, the Ghanaian government amended the royalty scheme in Ghana. (See “Ghanaian mining royalties” in this section).


Acquisitions
 
On December 1, 2011 the Company announced that it had entered into a purchase agreement (the "Agreement") with Yetollas Mining Enterprise (“YME”) to acquire a 100% interest in the Asuowin Concession within the Asankrangwa gold belt, where Keegan's flagship Esaase deposit occurs. The Agreement required Keegan to make cash payments of US$400,000.
 
The Asuowin Concession contains the historic Bilpraw Mine, which is located at a mineralized contact between sediments and a large intrusion that according to public records produced 6,938 tonnes of ore at 17 grams per tonne gold by Ashanti Mines in the early part of the 20th century. The property had minor exploration done in the 1980's by Mutual Ghana & Leo Shield Exploration Ghana N.L. Keegan is very interested in the high-grade potential of the area and has initiated a drill program.
 
On August 3, 2011, the Company announced that it had entered into an option agreement with Sky Gold Mines Limited ("SGM"), a private Ghanaian company, to acquire a 100% interest in a four-part concession (hereinafter described as the "Sky Gold Concession") within the Asankrangwa gold belt, where its flagship Esaase deposit occurs. The cumulative land position of the Sky Gold Concession is over 118 square kilometers, which, when added to the existing property, brings Keegan's total land position to more than 216 sq. km. The Agreement requires Keegan to make cash payments of $0.4 million and to issue 50,000 KGN shares on or before the third anniversary of signing. Of these amounts $0.14 million has been paid and 20,000 shares have been issued; the remaining cash and share payments are optional. SGM retains a 2% NSR of which Keegan has an option to buy half (1% of 2%) for $5 million and has a first right of refusal to purchase the remainder.
 
 
 
5

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.

Management Discussion & Analysis
Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011
Graphic
Keegan’s Esaase Project: Current property position.
 
 
The Company is in the process of finalizing a transaction whereby it will acquire the rights to 11 square kilometers of concessions along strike to the south-west of the Esaase main zone.  The concessions are currently designated as Small Miners concessions by the Government of Ghana.  The Company expects to complete this acquisition during the 2012 calendar year.

Exploration

On February 14, 2012, the Company announced the first set of assay results from the Bilpraw Zone at Esaase. The Bilpraw Zone occurs on the recently acquired Asuowin concession in an area of historic underground mining, which is located approximately four kilometers south of the Main Zone at Esaase (see news release dated December 1, 2011).

In the process of drilling in the area, Keegan discovered a zone significantly larger than the footprint of the historic mining. The Bilpraw Zone now extends over 500 metres of strike length and is still open to the south and at depth. Significant intercepts include:

-  
Hole #4: 15 m of 1.65 g/t gold, 48 m of 2.01 g/t gold and 10 m of 2.13 g/t gold;
-  
Hole #7: 6 m of 3.30 g/t gold and 19 m of 1.65 g/t gold; and
-  
Hole #12: 18 m of 1.48 g/t gold.
 
 
 
6

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.

Management Discussion & Analysis
Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011

 
On November 17, 2011, the Company announced the latest assay results from Esaase drilling programs. This drill program focused on step out drilling in the E Zone, which has not yet been included in any resource estimate, and the B zone, which previously had an inferred resource based on relatively wide spaced drill holes. Both zones have returned substantial and significant gold values.
 
Gold intercepts in the E zone include 41 meters of 3.9 g/t Au (KRDD127), 47 meters of 3.19 g/t Au (KGR056), 26 meters of 2.47 g/t Au (KEDD105), and 41.3 meters of 1.62 g/t Au (KEDD049). The B zone intercepts include 34 meters of 1.85 g/t Au (KERC184), 36 meters of 1.54 g/t Au (KERC186), 55 meters of 0.99 g/t Au (KERC190), 35 meters of 1.35 g/t Au (KEDD256). So far, the 2011 program has delivered stronger and more consistent intercepts through the B zone than previously encountered.
 

On June 2, 2011, the Company announced additional assay results from Esaase drilling programs in five distinct areas of the project: 1) In its Main Zone resource infill program, the Company encountered significant, consistent gold intercepts including 138 m of 1.63 g/t Au, 116 m of 1.4 g/t Au, 85 m of 1.4 g/t Au, and 43 m of 1.89 g/t Au. 2) In its Main Zone resource expansion program, Keegan continues to encounter significant gold bearing intercepts in down dip step-out holes, including 100.9 meters of 1.64 g/t Au, 48 meters of 1.83 g/t Au, 155 meters of 0.64 g/t Au and 10 meters of 6.01 g/t Au. 3) At the D-1 Abuabo Zone, Keegan drilled 38 meters of 1.79 g/t Au (KGDD038) down dip from the current resource. 4) At the E zone to west of southern most resource area, recently discovered under alluvial cover, Keegan intercepted 26 meters of 1.23 g/t Au. 5) In a hole drilled 400 m to the north of the current extent of the Main Zone resource, Keegan intercepted 6 meters of 5.55 g/t.

The most recent drill results on the Esaase Gold Property may be found at www.keeganresources.com.

The exploration results at Esaase led to an updated Mineral Resource Estimate released on November 4, 2011. The updated resource includes 3.64 million ounces of gold (an increase of 13%) in a Measured and Indicated Resource category with an average grade of 1.1 g/t Au at a 0.4 g/t Au cutoff and 1.55 million ounces of gold in an Inferred Resource category at an average grade of 1.1 g/t Au applying a 0.4 g/t Au cut-off for a total Measured, Indicated and Inferred Resource of 5.19 million ounces of gold.

Resource estimates for the Project were generated by Coffey Mining on the basis of analytical results available up to June 13, 2011. The resource model was derived via geological interpretation and modeling of the mineralized zones.  A total of 915 drill holes were used for the resource estimation study.

Multiple Indicator Kriging (‘MIK’) estimation with indirect lognormal change of support to emulate mining selectivity was selected as an appropriate estimation method based on the quantity and spacing of available data, and the interpreted controls on, and styles of, mineralization under review. Various satellite-mineralized bodies to the main body of mineralization also exist and have been estimated via Ordinary Kriging (‘OK’).

Coffey Mining also completed a detailed assessment of all analytical quality control data applied in resource estimation. At the time of resource estimation, no material bias had been identified, and the analytical precision for both field duplicate and re-assay data generally lie within accepted industry limits.

This summarized Resource Statement was determined as at 1st August 2011 and has been prepared and reported in accordance with Canadian National Instrument 43-101, Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects of June 2011 and the classifications adopted by CIM Council on November 27th 2010. The resource estimate has been classified as a Measured, Indicated and Inferred Resource based on the confidence of the input data, geological interpretation, and grade estimation. It should be noted that mineral resources that are not mineral reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability.
 
 
 
7

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.

Management Discussion & Analysis
Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011
 
 
 
Esaase Gold Project – Global Resource Estimate
(See 43-101 technical report available on SEDAR.com)
Multiple Indicator Kriging Estimate (8mE x 10mN x 5mRL Selective Mining Unit), with
with
Ordinary Kriging Estimate (20mE x 20mN x 10mRL and 20mE x 40mN x 10mRL Parent Cells)
 
 
Lower Cutoff Grade
(g/t Au)
Tonnes
(Mt)
Average Grade
(g/t Au)
Ounces
(Kozs)
Measured
0.3
5.34
1.2
200
0.4
5.03
1.2
196
0.5
4.66
1.3
191
0.6
4.21
1.4
183
0.7
3.73
1.4
173
0.8
3.26
1.5
162
0.9
2.83
1.7
150
1
2.44
1.8
139
Indicated
0.3
102.90
1.1
3,543
0.4
93.71
1.1
3,441
0.5
83.03
1.2
3,288
0.6
72.04
1.3
3,096
0.7
61.67
1.5
2,882
0.8
52.51
1.6
2,663
0.9
44.72
1.7
2,451
1.0
38.14
1.8
2,251
Inferred
0.3
50.04
1.0
1,598
0.4
45.90
1.1
1,553
0.5
40.54
1.1
1,476
0.6
34.82
1.2
1,375
0.7
29.39
1.3
1,262
0.8
24.79
1.4
1,153
0.9
20.61
1.6
1,039
1.0
17.12
1.7
932
Note: appropriate rounding has been applied

In June 2012 the Company paused exploration drilling to allow its cash treasury to be deployed in advancing Esaase to production.  It is expected that exploration drilling will resume upon completion of the acquisition of the Small Miners concessions.

Engineering and Development
 
A PFS of the Project was completed in September 2011. The PFS was based on a gold price of $1,150 per ounce and a mill throughput rate of 9.0Mtpa for oxide material and 7.5Mtpa for fresh material.

Development of the Project, with an estimated initial capital expenditure of $506M, will take an estimated 33 months from full project go-ahead to first gold production, followed by just over 10 years of process plant operations and one to two years of closure and rehabilitation activities. The Project is anticipated to recover 2.6Moz of gold at an average cash cost, inclusive of refining costs and royalties, of $772/oz. The exploration potential of the Esaase property is not reflected in the PFS, nor are all of the Company’s mineral resources.
 
 
 
8

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.

Management Discussion & Analysis
Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011
 
A cash flow financial model developed for the Project as part of the PFS indicates after tax economics at various gold prices as follows:
 
 
Gold Price ($/Oz)
NPV (5%)
($ millions)
 
IRR%
Payback Period
(years)
$1,800
$1,037
45%
1.5
$1,500
$639
32%
2.2
$1,300
$373
22%
3.1
$1,150
$171
13%
4.7
 
Engineering and estimating undertaken to define the project scope and develop cost estimates is sufficient to support a PFS level of accuracy (±25%).

The results of the PFS do not reflect the changes to the Ghanaian tax system announced during year. The corporate tax rate rose from 25% to 35% and capital deductions were reduced from 80% in year one and 50% in subsequent years to a straight-line depreciation of 20% per year over 5 years.  Both of these changes have a negative impact on the economics of the project.  In addition, a windfall tax is being considered by the Ghanaian government.  It is not clear at this time how such a tax would be applied and what impact it may have on the project.
 
 
Based on the positive outcome of the PFS the following Mineral Reserves were reported in accordance with Canadian National Instrument 43-101, ‘Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects’ of June 2011 and the classifications adopted by CIM Council in November 2010.

The Mineral Reserve was based on a cutoff of 0.4g/t Au and was determined as of September 1, 2011.

All stated Mineral Reserves are completely included within the Resources as shown above.
 
 
 
Deposit
Mineral Reserves
Proven
Probable
Total
Tonnes
(Mt)
Grade
(g/t)
Insitu Au (koz)
Tonnes
(Mt)
Grade
(g/t)
Insitu Au
(koz)
Tonnes (Mt)
Grade
(g/t)
Insitu Au
(koz)
Esaase
5.1
1.2
199
74.3
1.1
2,685
79.4
1.1
2,884
 
Following the completion of the PFS, the Company continued to advance a Definitive Feasibility Study (“DFS”) based on the same project scope as the PFS.  In May 2012 the Company decided to defer work on the DFS as the macro economic situation and world equity markets deteriorated to the point where the Company felt that financing options available for the project were not accretive to shareholders.

In June 2012, the Company re-focused its development plan for Esaase looking at a staged development concept for the project, which could include:
-  
an improved mine plan featuring higher grade feed to the processing plant and a lower strip ratio in the early years of the mine life, and
-  
an initial processing plant with a reduced capacity and improved process design to substantially reduce the upfront capital requirements for the project.
 
 
 
9

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.

Management Discussion & Analysis
Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011
 
 
The Company has engaged Minxcon and DRA, both South African based consultancy firms, to review the mine plan and processing plant design, respectively.

Free carried interest to the Ghanaian government
 
Pursuant to the provisions of the Ghanaian Minerals and Mining Act of 2006, effective in the fourth quarter of the fiscal year 2011, the Ghanaian government acquired, for zero proceeds, a 10% free carried interest in the rights and obligations of the mineral operations of both Esaase Gold Property and Keegan Resources Ghana Limited (“Keegan Ghana”). Keegan Ghana has reserved for issue 10% of its common shares to the Ghanaian government, and one government representative was appointed to its Board of Directors. The 10% ownership stake represents a non-participating interest where the Ghanaian Government is entitled to 10% of declared dividends from the net profit of Keegan Ghana at the end of a financial year but does not have to contribute to its capital investment.

Ghanaian mining royalties
 
On March 19th, 2010, the government of Ghana amended section 25 of the Minerals and Mining Act of 2006 (Act 703), which stipulates the royalty rates on mineral extraction payable by mining companies in Ghana. The section now states that a holder of a mining lease, restricted mining lease, or small-scale mining license shall pay royalty in respect of minerals obtained from its mining operations to the Republic of Ghana at the rate of 5% of the total revenue earned from minerals obtained by the holder. Currently, uncertainty exists on how this amendment will affect the Esaase Gold Property’s existing mining lease and whether this rate will change as the Company goes through negotiations with the government with respect to a stability or development agreement for the project.

Esaase option agreement suit
 
Keegan Ghana was named jointly with the Ghana Minerals Commission as a co-defendant in a legal suit by Sametro Co Ltd., the company that had originally optioned the Esaase gold property to the Company (the “Litigation”). The Plaintiff is alleging certain irregularities in connection with the closing of the option resulting in Keegan Ghana’s acquisition of the Esaase gold property and the issuing of the requisite regulatory approvals under Ghanaian law. Keegan Ghana has refuted the allegations on grounds that it had at all material times acted legally and in good faith and has therefore filed a defense and counter-claim against the Plaintiff.
 
Effective November 24, 2011, the Company entered into a written settlement agreement with two parties who together hold a 60% interest in the outcome of the Litigation. These parties acquired their interests in the Litigation pursuant to a settlement agreement reached in 2010 with the principal plaintiff, Sametro Co Ltd. that was entered into the Ghana High Court at Tarkwa. Keegan's partial settlement agreement provides that the two settling parties will receive an aggregate of $1.5 million conditional primarily upon acceptance of the agreement by the Ghanaian Court and certain other conditions all of which can be waived by Keegan in its sole discretion. During the three months ended December 31, 2011 Keegan made payments totaling $0.1 million and accrued $1.4 million for the remainder of the settlement amount. These amounts have been capitalized to mineral interests.
 
The Company continues to view the remaining litigation as without legal merit and the claim will be vigorously defended.  The Ghana Minerals Commission has also denied the allegations and filed a defense to the suit. The Company’s potential liability for damages, if any, is currently not determinable.
 
 
 
10

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.

Management Discussion & Analysis
Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011
 
 
Asumura Gold Property
 
The Company entered into an option agreement with GTE Ventures Limited (“GTE”) dated February 18, 2005 and subsequently amended, through which it acquired an undivided 100% private interest in the Asumura Reconnaissance Concession (“Asumura property”) located in the Republic of Ghana, West Africa.
 
The Asumura property is subject to a 3.5% NSR royalty; 50% of which may be purchased for US$2,000,000 from GTE and the remaining 50% may be purchased for an additional US$4,000,000. If the property is converted to a Mining License, in accordance with Ghanaian law, it will become subject to a further 5% royalty and 10% carried interest by the Ghanaian government.
 
During the second quarter of the fiscal year ending March 31, 2011, the Company initiated its drill program on the Asumura Gold Property. With the completion of the field program in March 2011, management is in the process of reviewing its technical data to determine the next phase for the project. The Company did not incur any exploration and evaluation expenditures on the Asumura property during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2012.

Qualified Person

The revised resource estimate issued under the Company’s most recent NI 43-101 technical report dated September 22, 2011 was prepared by Coffey Mining and provides a summary of the PFS that was completed in September 2011, which is available at www.sedar.com. The independent Qualified Persons, under the standards set forth by National Instrument 43-101, for this report are Mr. Brian Wolfe, Mr. Harry Warries and Mr. Christopher Waller, all members of the AusIMM. This technical report supersedes other technical disclosures previously made by Keegan, namely the previous resource estimate (February 2011) and the Preliminary Economic Analysis (May 2010).

Ms. Andrea Zaradic, P. Eng., a registered professional engineer, is the Company's designated Qualified Person for the purposes of the PFS.

RC samples were taken at one-meter intervals under dry drilling conditions by geologic and resource consultant Coffey Mining Pty Ltd, utilizing drilling and sampling techniques widely accepted in resource definition studies of other West African gold deposits. All reverse circulation drill samples are weighed on site. Core portions of the drill holes consist predominantly of HQ core. They were logged and sawn on site with half samples sent to the lab. All samples are analyzed for gold using standard 50 gram fire assay with atomic absorption finish by Transworld Laboratories (GH) Ltd. In Tarkwa, Ghana, SGS Labs in Tarkwa, Ghana, and ALS Chemex Labs in Kumasi, Ghana. QA/QC programs emplaced by Keegan and Coffey Mining show industry acceptable precision and accuracy limits on both Certified Standards and duplicate samples. Coffey Mining Pty Ltd, under the direction of Brian Wolfe, who is a Qualified Person with respect to NI 43-101, validated the database and QA/QC programs, supervised the wireframing of the grade shells, and performed the variography, block modeling, multiple indicator and ordinary kriging and resource estimate.
 
 
 
11

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.

Management Discussion & Analysis
Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011
 
Select Annual Information
 
 
 
   
March 31,
 2012
 
March 31, 2011
 
April 1, 2010
             
Total revenue
$
NIL
$
 NIL
$
 NIL
Loss for the year
$
38,152,585
$
34,852,715
$
N/A
Loss per share – basic and diluted
$
0.51
$
0.71
$
N/A
Total assets
$
226,935,263
$
248,798,638
$
2,234,420
Total long-term financial assets
$
 NIL
$
 NIL
$
 NIL
Cash dividends declared per share
$
NIL
$
NIL
$
NIL
Working capital
$
 193,686,643
$
 231,496,596
$
 47,248,129


 
12

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.

Management Discussion & Analysis
Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011
 
 
Results of Operations

Three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011

During the three months ended March 31, 2012, Keegan incurred a net loss of $7.3 million or $0.10 per share compared to a net loss of $10.9 million or $0.14 per share during the same period in the previous year, a decrease of $3.6 million or approximately 33%.

Exploration and evaluation expenditures were $1.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2012 as compared to $9.6 million in the same period of the previous year, a decrease of $8.1 million or 84%. The decrease relates to the accounting treatment for development costs since the positive results of the PFS. Commencing October 1, 2011, the Company is now capitalizing all development costs associated with the Esaase Gold Project. Exploration and evaluation expenditures will now reflect those expenditures incurred to identify new deposits outside of the main Esaase deposit. Overall, the $8.1 million decrease in exploration and evaluation reflect an increase of $6.5 million of development activities that were capitalized to mineral interests during the period.

Administration expenses incurred during the three months ended March 31, 2012 increased by $0.6 million or approximately 13% as compared to the same period in the previous year. The main reason for this increase was an increase in consulting fees, directors’ fees and wages and benefits (by $0.8 million or 119%) as a result of additional employees added in both the Canadian and Ghanaian administration offices to support the Company as it moved forward with its development plans for the Esaase property. The Company also made severance payments totaling approximately $0.4 million.

Other significant increases in administration include the following:

 
    -  Travel, promotion and investor relations (by $0.3 million or 124%), due to an increase in travel between the corporate office and Ghana and an increase in marketing and travel to investment conferences and roadshows.
    -  Professional fees (by $0.3 million or 206%) as a result in the increase in corporate activity.
    -  Office, rent and administrative costs (by $0.1 million or 30%), consistent with the expansion of the Company’s administrative infrastructure and operations.
 
The increase in administration expenses was partially offset by a decrease in share-based compensation (by $1.0 million or 31%) during the period.

Other expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2012 were $0.5 million as compared to income of $3.4 million in the same period in the previous year, an increase of $3.6 million. This change was mostly related to a decrease in foreign exchange gain (by $1.8 million or 58%) on Canadian dollar monetary assets and resulting from a weakening Canadian dollar. In addition, investment income decreased (by $0.1 million or 45%) because the Company switched from holding mostly Canadian dollars in the comparative period to predominately US dollars during the three months ended March 31, 2012. The rate of return on US dollar deposits was significantly less that on the Canadian dollar deposits. Other income also increased due to the loss on disposition of an investment in an associated company of $1.9 million.
 
 
 
13

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.

Management Discussion & Analysis
Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011
 
 
 
Year ended March 31, 2012 and 2011

During the year ended March 31, 2012, Keegan incurred a net loss of $38.2 million or $0.51 per share compared to a net loss of $34.9 million or $0.71 per share in the previous year, an increase of $3.3 million or approximately 9%.

Exploration and evaluation expenditures were $18.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2011 as compared to $26.1 million in the same period of the previous year, a decrease of $7.7 million or 30%. This decrease reflects the $11.8 million of development acitivities that were capitalized to mineral interests during the period as a result of the positive PFS. Commencing October 1, 2011, the Company commenced capitalizing all development costs associated with the Esaase Gold Project. Exploration and evaluation expenditures will now reflect those expenditures incurred to identify new deposits outside of the main Esaase deposit. Overall, exploration and evaluation and development costs for the year increased by $4.1 million over the same period in the prior year due to increased activities relating to the completion of the PFS and the continued work towards completion of a feasibility study.

Administration expenses incurred during the year ended March 31, 2012 increased by $5.3 million or approximately 42% as compared to the previous year.

Significant increases in administration include the following:
 
 
-  
 
 Consulting fees, directors’ fees and wages and benefits (by $2.0 million or 83%) as a result of additional employees added in both the Canadian and Ghanaian administration offices to support the Company as it moved forward with its development plans for the Esaase property. The Company also made severance payments totaling approximately $0.5 million.
 
-
 
Travel, promotion and investor relations (by $1.0 million or 103%), due to an increase in travel between the corporate office and Ghana and an increase in marketing and travel to investment conferences and roadshows. The Company also made severance payments totaling approximately $0.2 million.
 
-
 
Share-based compensation (by $1.4 million or 18.7%), due to the granting of 2.0 million stock options at a weighted average exercise price of C$5.41 and the cancellation of 2.5 million options which triggered an acceleration of the option expense relating to such.
 
-
 
Professional fees (by $0.4 million) as a result in the increase in corporate activity.
 
-
 
Office, rent and administrative costs (by $0.2 million or 18%), consistent with the expansion of the Company’s administrative infrastructure and operations.
 
Other expenses for the year ended March 31, 2012 were $1.9 million as compared to income of $3.8 million in the same period in the previous year, an increase of $5.7 million. This change is mostly related to foreign exchange loss on Canadian dollar monetary assets of $4.5 million and created by a weakening Canadian dollar while the Company held a significant portion of its cash in Canadian dollars. In addition the Company booked a disposition loss on loss of control of a subsidiary of $1.9 million. This loss was offset by an increase in investment income (by $1.1 million or 222.3%) from the invested proceeds from the Company’s $213 million bought deal financing in the second half of the fiscal year 2011.
 
 
 
14

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.

Management Discussion & Analysis
Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011
 
 
 
 
Summary of Quarterly Results

Financial results varied during the last eight reporting periods due the increase in activities relating to the development of the Esaase project. In addition the results of the Company’s PFS for the Esaase project contributed to the fluctuation in results, particularly in the last two quarters of the year ended March 31, 2012. The results of the PFS indicated technical feasibility and commercial viability of extraction of mineral resources in the area. Per the Company’s accounting policy for exploration and evaluation expenditures, once the technical feasibility and commercial viability of the extraction of mineral resources in an area of interest are demonstrable, further cost incurred for the development of the project are capitalized as mineral interests. Based on the positive result of the PFS the Company now has Proven and Probable Mineral reserves and effective October 1, 2011 began capitalizing costs associated with the development of the Esaase Gold Project.

The following table is a summary of certain consolidated financial information concerning the Company for each of the last eight reported quarters:

Quarter ended
Interest and other
income
Loss
Comprehensive
loss
Loss per
share
March 31, 2012
$ 155,117
$  7,260,807
$  7,260,807
$  0.10
December 31, 2011
$ 383,849
$  2,740,892
$  2,740,892
$  0.04
September 30, 2011
$ 392,092
$15,493,391
$15,493,391
$  0.21
June 30, 2011
$ 626,831
$12,657,495
$12,657,495
$  0.17
March 31, 2011
$ 280,720
$10,930,028
$10,930,028
$  0.14
December 31, 2010
$   72,582
$  7,582,252
$  7,582,252
$  0.16
September 30, 2010
$   66,047
$  6,702,379
$  6,702,379
$  0.15
June 30, 2010
$   63,386
$  9,638,056
$  9,638,056
$  0.21


 
15

 
 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.

Management Discussion & Analysis
Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011
 
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company had working capital of $193.7 million at March 31, 2012 compared to $231.5 million at March 31, 2011, representing a decrease in working capital of $37.8 million. As at March 31, 2012, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $197.6 million compared to cash and cash equivalents of $236.3 million as at March 31, 2011.

During the year ended March 31, 2012, an aggregate of 641,250 common shares were issued for gross proceeds of $2.3 million on exercise of share based options.

The Company’s operations consumed cash of approximately $16.0 million in exploration and evaluation expenditures and $4.8 million in administrative expenses (these expenditures do not include share-based compensation or amortization and are net of changes in working capital) and $14.6 million for the acquisition of mineral concessions, capitalized development costs and plant and equipment.

Keegan’s plan of operations for fiscal 2013 is to:

(a)  
re-focus its development plan for Esaase looking at a staged development concept for the project, by reviewing the mine plan and the processing plant design;

(b)  
continue working with local communities, the Ghanaian government and the EPA to both advance community relations and the permitting of the Esaase project.

The Company believes it currently has sufficient working capital on hand to meet its expected capital requirements for the coming 24 months.  Additional funds may be received through the exercise of outstanding common stock warrants and options or through the sale of additional common shares either as a private placement or common stock offering.  The Company may also consider other forms of project financing that may include but won’t be limited to debt.

 
16

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.

Management Discussion & Analysis
Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011
 
 
As at March 31, 2012, the other sources of funds potentially available to the Company are through the exercise of 284,050 broker warrants with an exercise price of $7.50 and of the outstanding share-based options with terms as follows:


 
Exercise price
Number outstanding at
 December 31, 2011
 
Expiry date
Number exercisable at
 December 31, 2011
 
         
C$4.20
365,000
February 5, 2013
365,000
 
C$1.12
12,500
January 15, 2014
12,500
 
C$3.31
70,000
June 2, 2014
70,000
 
C$3.10
225,000
July 2, 2014
225,000
 
C$3.10
75,000
July 17, 2014
75,000
 
C$4.01
345,000
October 6, 2014
320,000
 
C$6.50
220,000
December 13, 2014
220,000
 
C$6.19
1,392,500
May 26, 2015
1,392,500
 
C$8.00
600,000
March 17, 2016
450,000
 
C$7.55
50,000
July 8, 2016
25,000
 
C$7.66
40,000
August 2, 2016
20,000
 
C$4.59
1,577,500
February 16, 2017
394,375
 
 
4,947,500
 
3,569,375
 
Weighted average
contractual life remaining at
December 31, 2011
 
3.52
 
 
3.04

There can be no assurance, whatsoever, that any of these outstanding securities will be exercised.

During the years, financing for the Company’s operations has been funded primarily from share issuances through private placements and the exercise of warrants and share-based options. The Company has and may continue to have capital requirements in excess of its currently available resources. In the event the Company’s plans change, its assumptions change or prove inaccurate, or its capital resources in addition to projected cash flow, if any, prove to be insufficient to fund its future operations, the Company may be required to seek additional financing.

Although the Company has been successful in raising capital, there can be no assurance that the Company will have sufficient financing to meet its future capital requirements or that additional financing will be available on terms acceptable to the Company in the future.

The Company is in the process of acquiring and exploring its interests in resource properties and has not yet determined whether these properties contain mineral deposits that are economically recoverable. The continued operations of the Company and the recoverability of expenditures incurred to earn an interest in its resource properties are dependent upon the existence of economically recoverable reserves, securing and maintaining title and beneficial interest in the properties, obtaining necessary financing to explore and develop the properties, and upon future profitable production or proceeds from disposition of the resource properties.
 
 
 
17

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.

Management Discussion & Analysis
Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011
 
 
Investment in associate
 
On March 30, 2012, the Company entered into a transaction whereby it disposed of its 100% interest in Universal Mineral Services Ltd. (“UMS”) to three companies with directors and officers in common. The terms of the transaction required the Company to make a CND$2.5 million investment in UMS in exchange for discharging a 75% stake in the contractual commitments held by UMS for an office lease and employee termination payments. The Company continues to provide a financial guarantee for the UMS office lease. In addition, the Company received 25 preferred shares in UMS which entitled it to a 25% stake in the restructured UMS as well as a  preferential right to the assets of UMS upon dissolution.
 
Upon the sale of the net 75% interest in UMS and loss of control, the Company derecognized the assets and liabilities of UMS at their carrying amounts and recognized its remaining interest at cost. The transaction resulted in the recording of a loss on disposition of $1,882,184.
 
Upon completion of the transaction, UMS repaid the Company the balance of its intercompany loan, C$892,487 ($894,718).
 
On March 31, 2012, the management reviewed its equity investment in UMS for impairment and concluded that the carrying amount of the investment does not exceed its fair value

Commitments
 
As at March 31, 2012, the Company had released all of its contractual commitments with certain service providers in Canada due to the sale of 75% of UMS and the resulting loss of control. In Ghana all contractual obligations have been fully prepaid and therefore released.
 
 
 
18

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.

Management Discussion & Analysis
Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011
 
 
Reconciliation of previous financings

Reconciliation of Use of Proceeds from February 2011 Offering
 

 
Esaase Property Costs
Budget
($ 000s)
Actual
($ 000s)
Phase 1
Exploration
Drilling
Assaying
11,200
1,680
2,932
1,704
Development
Drilling
5,750
4,130
Technical Drilling (Hydrogeo & Percussion)
500
-
Assaying
Metallurgy
862
500
-
-
Engineering Studies
2,250
7,931
Wages and Overhead-Owners Development Team
2,000
890
Health Safety Environment and Community (HSEC)
1,750
3,510
Contingency (15%)
3,973
1,416
Sub-Total:
30,466
22,513
Phase 2
(First 12 Months Only)
Engineering, Procurement, Construction Management
 
18,000
-
Pre-Production excavation
 
3,750
-
Infrastructure
 
7,000
-
Mining Equipment Fleet
 
24,000
-
Long Lead Process Plant Items
 
9,000
-
Health Safety Environment and Community (HSEC)
 
1,750
-
Camp Costs
Camp Construction & Vehicles
Camp Operational Costs
Camp Construction & Vehicles
9,472
5,000
2,526
952
Wages and Overhead-Owners Development Team
4,000
-
Contingency (15%)
12,295
-
Sub-Total:
94,268
-
Total 24 month budget for Esaase Property
124,735
25,991
Corporate development and overhead (estimated at $500,000 per month)
             12,000
13,556
Unallocated working capital and potential acquisitions
             72,865
1,846
Total Use of Proceeds
         $209,600
$41,393
 

 
19

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.

Management Discussion & Analysis
Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011

 
 
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company does not utilize off-balance sheet arrangements.

Transactions with Related Parties

The Company has a consulting agreement with “Rock-on Exploration Ltd.”, a private company controlled by a director of the Company in the amount of $ 10,000 per month plus benefits. During the year ended March 31, 2012, the Company paid consulting fees and benefits of $141,180 (2010 - $301,450) under this agreement.

Included in professional fees is $nil (2010 - $15,414) for accounting fees to “Tony M. Ricci, Inc.”, a private company controlled by an officer of the Company during the year ended March 31, 2012.

During the year ended March 31, 2012, the Company charged a total of $1,275,881 (2011 - $219,580) for the recovery of shared administrative costs to Cayden Resources Inc., Stratton Resources Inc. and Georgetown Capital Corp. – publicly listed companies with directors and officers in common.

These transactions were conducted in the normal course of operations and were measured at their fair value as determined by management. All amounts are unsecured, non-interest bearing and have no specific terms of settlement.

Included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities, as at March 31, 2012, is $41,532 (March 31, 2011 - $99,386) owing to “Rock-on Exploration Ltd.”


Subsequent Events

None

Proposed Transactions

None

Critical Accounting Estimates

The presentation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions which affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Significant areas requiring the use of estimates include the assessment of impairment of long-lived assets including mineral properties, amortization of furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements and the valuation of stock-based compensation. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

The accounting policies described below are considered by management to be essential to the understanding and reasoning used in the preparation of the Company’s financial statements and the uncertainties that could have a bearing on its financial results.

Asset retirement obligations: The fair value of a liability for an asset retirement obligation, such as site reclamation costs, is recognized in the period in which it is incurred if a reasonable estimate of the fair value of the costs to be incurred can be made. The Company records the estimated present value of future cash flows associated with site reclamation as a liability when the liability is incurred. The discount used to calculate the present value is the Company’s estimated cost of capital. Future costs are calculated using an estimated inflation rate in the country that the third party costs are expected to be incurred. At the end of each reporting period, the liability is increased to reflect the passage of time (accretion expense) and changes in the estimated future cash flows underlying any initial fair value measurements (additional asset retirement costs).
 
 
 
20

 
 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.

Management Discussion & Analysis
Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011

 
The assumptions used to determined the Company’s asset retirement obligation are as follows:

Esaase project
Year ended
Year ended
 
March 31, 2012
March 31, 2011
     
Undiscounted and uninflated estimated future cash obligation
$        8,532,476
$        8,186,463
Expected term until settlement
13 years
13 years
Discount rate
2.23%
3.46%

Stock-based compensation: The Company accounts for all stock-based payments and awards made to employees and non-employees under the fair value based method. Fair value is estimated using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model. Option pricing models require the input of highly subjective assumptions including the expected price volatility and the period in which the option will be exercised or the expected life of the options. The estimates concerning volatility are made with reference to historical volatility, which is not necessarily an accurate indicator of future volatility. Changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate, and therefore the existing models do not necessarily provide a reliable single measure of the fair value of the Company’s stock options.

Development costs: Based on the positive results of the PFS, effective October 1, 2011, the Company commenced capitalizing all development costs associated with the Esaase Gold Project. Exploration and evaluation expenditures will now reflect those expenditures incurred to identify new deposits outside of the main Esaase deposit.

Changes in Accounting Policies including Initial Adoption

In February 2008, the Canadian Accounting Standards Board (“AcSB”) confirmed that IFRS, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”), will replace Canadian GAAP for publicly accountable enterprises and must be adopted for fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2011.

As a result, Keegan now reports under IFRS for interim and annual periods beginning April 1, 2011, with comparative information for the prior fiscal year restated under IFRS. Adoption of IFRS requires the Company to make certain accounting policy choices. Refer to notes 2, 3 and 22 in the consolidated financial statements for the period ended March 31, 2012 for details on the adoption of IFRS, including the significant accounting policies, IFRS exemptions applied and for reconciliations from Canadian generally accepted accounting principles to IFRS.
 
 
 
21

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.

Management Discussion & Analysis
Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011
 
 
 
Financial Instruments and Other Instruments
 
As at March 31, 2012, the Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, and accounts payable and accrued liabilities.
 
The following table summarizes the designation and fair value hierarchy under which the Company’s financial instruments are valued:
 
Level 1 – fair values based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
 
Level 2 – fair values based on inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; and
 
Level 3 – fair values based on inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data.
 
The fair value of financial instruments approximates their carrying value, unless otherwise noted.
 

     
March 31, 2012
 
 
Category
 
Carrying value
 
Amount
Fair value
hierarchy
Financial assets
       
         
Cash and cash equivalents
Loans and
receivables
Amortized cost
$       197,608,106
N/A
Receivables, excluding sales
   taxes refundable
Loans and
receivables
Amortized cost
120,463
N/A
         
     
      $      197,728,569
 
         
Financial liabilities
       
         
Accounts payable and accrued
   liabilities
Other financial
liabilities
Amortized cost
        $          4,813,773
 
N/A
         
     
      $          4,813,773
 
 

 
22

 
 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.

Management Discussion & Analysis
Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011
 
 
     
March 31, 2011
 
 
Category
 
Carrying value
 
Amount
Fair value
hierarchy
         
Financial assets
       
         
Cash and cash equivalents
Loans and
receivables
Amortized cost
$    236,329,452
N/A
Receivables, excluding sales
   taxes refundable
Loans and
receivables
Amortized cost
95,816
N/A
         
     
$   236,425,268
 
         
Financial liabilities
       
         
Accounts payable and accrued
   liabilities
Other financial
liabilities
Amortized cost
$        5,236,343
               N/A
         
     
$       5,236,343
 

 
The risk exposure arising from these financial instruments is summarized as follows:
 
 
 
(a)
Credit risk
 
Credit risk is the risk of an unexpected loss if a customer or a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations. The Company is subject to credit risk on the cash and cash equivalent balances at banks in each of Canada and Ghana. The majority of the Company’s cash is held in Canadian based banking institutions, authorized under the Bank Act (Canada) to accept deposits, which may be eligible for deposit insurance provided by the Canadian Deposit Insurance Corporation. As at March 31, 2012, the receivables excluding refundable sales tax consist primarily of interest receivable of $112,638 (March 31, 2011 - $72,423) and other receivables of $7,825 (March 31, 2011 - $23,393), neither of which are considered past due.
 
 
 
23

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.

Management Discussion & Analysis
Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011
 
 

 
 (b)
Liquidity risk
 
The Company’s approach to managing liquidity is to ensure that it will have sufficient liquidity to settle obligations and liabilities when due. As at March 31, 2012 the Company had a cash and cash equivalents balance of $197,608,106 (March 31, 2011 – $236,329,452) to settle current liabilities of $4,813,773 (March 31, 2011 - $5,236,343) that mainly consist of accounts payable that are considered short term and expected to be settled within 30 days.
 
 
(c)
Market risk
 
 
(i)
Interest rate risk
 
Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates.
 
The Company’s cash and cash equivalents attract interest at floating rates and have maturities of 90 days or less  or maturity over ninety days but redeemable on demand without penalty. The interest is typical of Canadian banking rates, which are at present low, however the conservative investment strategy mitigates the risk of deterioration to the investment. A sensitivity analysis suggests that a change of 100 basis points in the interest rates would result in a corresponding increase or decrease in loss for the year ended March 31, 2012 of approximately $1,976,081 (year ended March 31, 2011 - $2,363,294).
 
 
(ii)
Foreign currency risk
 
The Company is exposed to the financial risk related to the fluctuation of foreign exchange rates. The Company has offices in Canada and Ghana and holds cash in Canadian, United States and Ghanaian Cedi currencies in line with forecasted expenditures.
 
A significant change in the currency exchange rates between the US dollar relative to Canadian dollar (“CAD”), Ghanaian Cedi and the Australian dollar (“AUS”) could have an effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or cash flows. At March 31, 2012 and March 31, 2011, the Company had no hedging agreements in place with respect to foreign exchange rates.
 
The Company is exposed to currency risk through the following financial assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies, expressed below in US dollar equivalents:

 
March 31, 2012
March 31, 2011
 
CAD
Ghana
Cedis
AUD
CAD
Ghana 
Cedis
AUD
             
Cash and cash
   equivalents
 $  37,758,640
$               -
$              -
$171,881,945
$  348,177
$               -
Accounts payable
(707,148)
(300,132)
(669,309)
(238,338)
(482,569)
 (398,862)
Net exposure
$   37,051,493
$ (300,132)
$(669,309)
$171,643,607
$ (134,392)
$   (398,862)
 
 
 
24

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.

Management Discussion & Analysis
Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011
 

 
 
(c)
Market risk
 
 
(ii)
Foreign currency risk
 
A 10% appreciation or deprecation of the above mentioned currencies compared with the US dollar would result in a corresponding increase or decrease in net assets of approximately $3,608,205 as at March 31, 2012 (March 31, 2011 - $17,111,035).
 
 
(iii)
Other price risk
 
Other price risk is the risk that the future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market prices, other than those arising from currency risk or interest rate risk. As at March 31, 2012 and 2011, the Company was not exposed to other price risk.
 
 
(d)
Fair value
 
The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, receivables and accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate their respective fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments.
 
(e)  
Items of income, expense, gains or losses arising from financial instruments

   
 
2012
2011
     
Interest income from loans and receivable
$     1,491,938
$        482,735
Realized gain on available-for-sale financial assets
-
212,103
     


 
25

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.

Management Discussion & Analysis
Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011
 

Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for the establishment and maintenance of a system of internal control over financial reporting. This system has been designed to provide reasonable assurance that assets are safeguarded and that the financial reporting is accurate and reliable. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared by management in accordance with IFRS and in accordance with accounting policies set out in the notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2012. As at the end of the period covered by this management’s discussion and analysis, management evaluated the design and effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as required by Canadian securities laws.

There has been no material change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the year ended March 31, 2012 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Evaluation and Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that all relevant information is gathered and reported to senior management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, on a timely basis so that appropriate decisions can be made regarding public disclosure. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with IFRS. Management of the Company, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, have evaluated the design and effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and the design and effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting as required by Canadian securities laws, and have concluded that such procedures are adequate to ensure accurate and complete disclosures in public filings.

There are inherent limitations in all control systems and no disclosure controls and procedures can provide complete assurance that no future errors or fraud will occur. An economically feasible control system, no matter how well conceived or operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met.
 
 
 
26

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.

Management Discussion & Analysis
Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011
 

Summary of Outstanding Share Data

The Company is authorized to issue an unlimited number of common shares without par value and unlimited preferred shares without par value. As at the date of this MD&A, there were 75,545,838 common shares issued and outstanding.

The following stock options were outstanding as at the date of this MD&A:

 
Exercise price
Number outstanding at
 June 26, 2012
 
Expiry date
Number exercisable at
June 28, 2012
 
         
C$4.20
345,000
February 5, 2013
345,000
 
C$1.12
12,500
January 15, 2014
12,500
 
C$3.31
70,000
June 2, 2014
70,000
 
C$3.10
225,000
July 2, 2014
225,000
 
C$3.10
75,000
July 17, 2014
75,000
 
C$4.01
320,000
October 6, 2014
320,000
 
C$6.50
220,000
December 13, 2014
220,000
 
C$6.19
1,347,500
May 26, 2015
1,347,500
 
C$8.00
331,250
March 17, 2016
309,375
 
C$4.59
1,577,500
February 16, 2017
591,563
 
C$3.74
2,202,500
June 7, 2017
550,625
 
 
6,726,250
 
4,066,563
 
Weighted average
contractual life remaining at
 
4.73
 
 
5.15
 
June 26, 2012
     

Other sources of funding potentially available to the Company are through the exercise of 284,050 broker warrants with an exercise price of $7.50.

Additional disclosures pertaining to the Company’s filing statement, technical report, management information circulars, material change reports, press releases and other information are available on the SEDAR website at www.sedar.com.
 
 
 
27

 
 
KEEGAN RESOURCES INC.

Management Discussion & Analysis
Years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011
 

Forward-looking statements

This MD&A may contain “forward-looking statements” which reflect the Company’s current expectations regarding the future results of operations, performance and achievements of the Company, including but not limited to statements with respect to the Company’s plans or future financial or operating performance, the estimation of mineral reserves and resources, conclusions of economic assessments of projects, the timing and amount of estimated future production, costs of future production, future capital expenditures, costs and timing of the development of  deposits, success of exploration activities, permitting time lines, requirements for additional capital, sources and timing of additional financing, realization of unused tax benefits and future outcome of legal and tax matters.

The Company has tried, wherever possible, to identify these forward-looking statements by, among other things, using words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect”, “budget”, or variations of such words and phrases or state that certain actions, events or results “may”, “could”, “would”, “might” or “will be taken”, “occur” or “be achieved”.

The statements reflect the current beliefs of the management of the Company, and are based on currently available information.  Accordingly, these statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, which could cause the actual results, performance, or achievements of the Issuer to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, these statements. These uncertainties are factors that include but are not limited to risks related to international operations; risks related to general economic conditions and credit availability, uncertainty related to the resolution of legal disputes and lawsuits; actual results of current exploration activities, unanticipated reclamation expenses; fluctuations in prices of gold; fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, increases in market prices of mining consumables, possible variations in mineral resources, grade or recovery rates; accidents, labour disputes, title disputes, claims and limitations on insurance coverage and other risks of the mining industry; delays in obtaining governmental approvals or financing or in the completion of development or construction activities, changes in national and local government regulation of mining operations, tax rules and regulations, and political and economic developments in countries in which the Company operates, as well as those factors discussed in the 20-F filing for the year ended March 31, 2011, available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com.

The Company’s management reviews periodically information reflected in forward-looking statements. The Company has and continues to disclose in its Management’s Discussion and Analysis and other publicly filed documents, changes to material factors or assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements and to the validity of the statements themselves, in the period the changes occur.

Historical results of operations and trends that may be inferred from the following discussions and analysis may not necessarily indicate future results from operations.
 
 
28
 
 
EX-99.8 9 ex99-8.htm CONSENT OF KPMG LLP ex99-8.htm  

Exhibit 99.8
 
 

 
 
 Graphic  
KPMG LLP
Chartered Accountants
PO Box 10426 777 Dunsmuir Street
Vancouver BC V7Y 1K3
Canada
Telephone (604) 691-3000
Fax (604) 691-3031
Internet www.kpmg.ca
 
 

 
 
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 


The Board of Directors
Keegan Resources Inc.
 
We consent to the use of our reports, each dated June 28, 2012, with respect to the consolidated financial statements and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in this annual report on Form 40-F.
 
 
Graphic
 
 
Chartered Accountants
 
June 29, 2012
Vancouver, Canada
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KPMG LLP is a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG
 
network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative
 
(“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity.
 
KPMG Canada provides services to KPMG LLP.
 
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