-----BEGIN PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE----- Proc-Type: 2001,MIC-CLEAR Originator-Name: webmaster@www.sec.gov Originator-Key-Asymmetric: MFgwCgYEVQgBAQICAf8DSgAwRwJAW2sNKK9AVtBzYZmr6aGjlWyK3XmZv3dTINen TWSM7vrzLADbmYQaionwg5sDW3P6oaM5D3tdezXMm7z1T+B+twIDAQAB MIC-Info: RSA-MD5,RSA, DNWJQiQ1OVxzCYNvlbG0JtnhMscpZr+nsXyfx1CQa2sGWIgk2iyLcaIugHHf211+ g/Q6YZhw/diB+88jhHfzNw== 0001144204-08-064189.txt : 20081114 0001144204-08-064189.hdr.sgml : 20081114 20081114144822 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0001144204-08-064189 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 10-Q PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 6 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20080930 FILED AS OF DATE: 20081114 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20081114 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: CYBERDEFENDER CORP CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001377720 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: SERVICES-PREPACKAGED SOFTWARE [7372] IRS NUMBER: 651205833 STATE OF INCORPORATION: CA FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 10-Q SEC ACT: 1934 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 000-53475 FILM NUMBER: 081190177 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 12121 WILSHIRE BOULEVARD, SUITE 350 CITY: LOS ANGELES STATE: CA ZIP: 90025 BUSINESS PHONE: 310-826-1781 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 12121 WILSHIRE BOULEVARD, SUITE 350 CITY: LOS ANGELES STATE: CA ZIP: 90025 10-Q 1 v132246_10q.htm Unassociated Document
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

Mark One
x
Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2008; or
   
o
Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for the transition period from ________________ to ________ ___________.

Commission File No. 333-138430
 
CYBERDEFENDER CORPORATION 
(Exact name of registrant as specified in charter)
 
California
 
65-1205833
(State or other jurisdiction of 
 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
incorporation or organization)
 
 
 
617 West 7th Street, Suite 401, Los Angeles, California 90017
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(213) 689-8631
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. x Yes o No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company.
 
Large accelerated filer o Accelerated filer o
         
Non-accelerated filer o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Smaller reporting company x
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
o Yes x No

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date. The number of shares of common stock, no par value, outstanding at November 13, 2008, was 17,069,390 shares.
 

 
Table of Contents

Part I - Financial Information
 
Page Number
     
Item 1. Financial Statements
   
     
Balance Sheet - September 30, 2008 (unaudited) and December 31, 2007
 
1
     
Statements of Operations - For the Three Months and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 (unaudited)
 
2
     
Statements of Cash Flows - For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 (unaudited)
 
3
     
Notes to Financial Statements
 
5
     
Forward-Looking Statements
 
21
     
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 
22
     
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
 
31
     
Item 4T. Controls and Procedures
 
32
     
Part II - Other Information
   
     
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
 
33
     
Item 1A. Risk Factors
 
33
     
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
 
33
     
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
 
34
     
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
 
34
     
Item 5. Other Information
 
34
     
Item 6. Exhibits
 
35
   
 
Signatures
 
36
 

 
Part I, Item 1. Financial Statements
  
CYBERDEFENDER CORPORATION
CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS


ASSETS
 
September 30, 2008
 
December 31,
 
CURRENT ASSETS:
 
(unaudited)
 
 2007
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
494,355
 
$
236,995
 
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $0
   
150,551
   
19,053
 
Deferred financing costs, current
   
394,642
   
596,917
 
Prepaid expenses
   
26,217
   
21,885
 
Deferred processing fees
   
109,043
   
40,560
 
 
             
Total Current Assets
   
1,174,808
   
915,410
 
 
             
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, net
   
102,521
   
129,643
 
DEFERRED FINANCING COSTS, net of current portion
   
-
   
331,146
 
OTHER ASSETS
   
26,121
   
26,097
 
 
             
Total Assets
 
$
1,303,450
 
$
1,402,296
 
 
           
           
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
           
Accounts payable
 
$
2,731,296
 
$
647,976
 
Accrued expenses
   
545,664
   
619,805
 
Accrued expenses - registration rights agreement
   
177,607
   
166,297
 
Deferred revenue
   
3,220,738
   
629,442
 
Notes payable, net of discount
   
-
   
705,298
 
Current portion of convertible notes payable, net of discount
   
1,693,973
   
-
 
Current portion of capital lease obligation
   
28,583
   
24,271
 
 
             
Total Current Liabilities
   
8,397,861
   
2,793,089
 
 
             
CONVERTIBLE NOTES PAYABLE, less current portion
   
91,290
   
1,235,035
 
 
             
CAPITAL LEASE OBLIGATION, less current portion
   
21,692
   
41,347
 
 
             
Total Liabilities
   
8,510,843
   
4,069,471
 
 
           
           
 
           
STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT:
           
Common stock, no par value; 50,000,000 shares authorized; 16,809,390 and 13,944,597 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively
   
5,840,305
   
4,788,349
 
Additional paid-in capital
   
8,957,352
   
7,105,428
 
Accumulated deficit
   
(22,005,050
)
 
(14,560,952
)
 
             
Total Stockholders’ Deficit
   
(7,207,393
)
 
(2,667,175
)
 
             
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Deficit
 
$
1,303,450
 
$
1,402,296
 

See accompanying notes to condensed financial statements
 
1

 
Part I, Item 1. Financial Statements (continued)

CYBERDEFENDER CORPORATION
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(UNAUDITED)

 
 
For the Three Months Ended
 
For the Nine Months Ended
 
 
 
September 30,
 
September 30,
 
September 30,
 
September 30,
 
 
 
2008
 
2007
 
2008
 
2007
 
 
      
  
 
 
 
 
 
REVENUES:
           
 
 
 
 
Net sales
 
$
1,202,715
 
$
544,956
 
$
2,420,623
 
$
1,839,535
 
 
                       
OPERATING EXPENSES:
                       
Advertising
   
2,658,895
   
106,325
   
3,905,961
   
351,775
 
Product development
   
121,710
   
118,355
   
325,571
   
398,306
 
Selling, general and administrative
   
1,672,480
   
888,435
   
3,537,637
   
2,879,388
 
Depreciation and amortization
   
9,828
   
25,172
   
29,484
   
75,786
 
Total Operating Expenses
   
4,462,913
   
1,138,287
   
7,798,653
   
3,705,255
 
 
                       
LOSS FROM OPERATIONS
   
(3,260,198
)
 
(593,331
)
 
(5,378,030
)
 
(1,865,720
)
 
                       
OTHER EXPENSE:
                       
Other expense
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
4,415
 
Loss on registration rights agreement
   
-
   
-
   
216,540
   
69,787
 
Interest expense
   
673,232
   
680,944
   
1,848,928
   
1,792,219
 
Total Other Expenses
   
673,232
   
680,944
   
2,065,468
   
1,866,421
 
 
                       
LOSS BEFORE INCOME TAX EXPENSE
   
(3,933,430
)
 
(1,274,275
)
 
(7,443,498
)
 
(3,732,141
)
 
                       
INCOME TAX EXPENSE
   
200
   
-
   
600
   
800
 
 
                       
NET LOSS
 
$
(3,933,630
)
$
(1,274,275
)
$
(7,444,098
)
$
(3,732,941
)
 
                       
Basic and fully diluted net loss per share
 
$
(0.24
)
$
(0.10
)
$
(0.49
)
$
(0.30
)
 
                     
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding:
                     
Basic and fully diluted
   
16,249,557
   
12,272,803
   
15,084,239
   
12,225,013
 

See accompanying notes to condensed financial statements
 
2

 
Part I, Item 1. Financial Statements (continued)

CYBERDEFENDER CORPORATION
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)

 
 
For the Nine Months Ended
 
 
 
September 30,
2008
 
September 30,
2007
 
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
 
 
 
 
 
Net loss
 
$
(7,444,098
)
$
(3,732,941
)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
             
Loss on registration rights agreement
   
216,540
   
69,787
 
Amortization of debt discount
   
953,732
   
871,171
 
Depreciation and amortization
   
29,484
   
75,786
 
Compensation expense from vested stock options
   
177,747
   
332,694
 
Amortization of deferred financing costs
   
533,421
   
643,975
 
Shares issued for penalties and interest
   
258,549
   
--
 
Shares issued for services
   
344,000
   
73,578
 
Deferred compensation
   
-
   
192,444
 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
             
Accounts receivable
   
(131,498
)
 
(22,940
)
Prepaid and other assets
   
(4,332
)
 
25,244
 
Deferred processing fees
   
(68,483
)
 
79,995
 
Other assets
   
(24
)
 
6,990
 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
   
1,964,988
   
272,621
 
Deferred revenue
   
2,591,296
   
(69,859
)
Cash Flows Used In Operating Activities:
   
(578,678
)
 
(1,181,455
)
 
           
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
           
Purchase of fixed assets
   
--
   
(5,425
)
Cash Flows Used In Investing Activities
   
--
   
(5,425
)
 
           
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
           
Proceeds from notes payable
   
160,000
   
650,000
 
Payment of notes payable
   
(349,000
)
 
-
 
Principal payments on capital lease obligation
   
(17,705
)
 
(12,802
)
Proceeds from sale of stock, net of cash issuance costs
   
1,042,743
   
-
 
Cash Flows Provided by Financing Activities
   
836,038
   
637,198
 
 
             
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
   
257,360
   
(549,682
)
 
             
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of period
   
236,995
   
549,682
 
 
             
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of period
 
$
494,355
 
$
-
 

See accompanying notes to condensed financial statements
 
3

 
Part I, Item 1. Financial Statements (continued)

CYBERDEFENDER CORPORATION
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)

 
 
For the Nine Months Ended
 
 
 
September 30,
2008
 
September 30,
2007
 
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
 
 
 
 
 
Income taxes paid
 
$
39
 
$
17,857
 
Cash paid for interest
 
$
36,203
 
$
9,274
 
 
             
Supplemental schedule of non-cash financing activities:
             
Assets acquired through capital lease obligation
 
$
2,362
 
$
--
 
Discount on note payable
 
$
36,092
 
$
128,038
 
Warrants issued in connection with sale of stock
 
$
903,239
 
$
--
 
Conversion of notes payable and accrued interest to common stock and warrants
 
$
1,060,217
 
$
--
 
Warrants issued in connection with debt conversion
 
$
115,193
 
$
--
 
Convertible notes payable issued as payment for accrued interest and penalties
 
$
91,290
       
Deferred financing costs to be paid by issuance of stock
 
$
--
 
$
528,036
 

See accompanying notes to condensed financial statements
 
4

 
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)
 
NOTE 1 - INTERIM FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

These unaudited interim financial statements have been prepared by CyberDefender Corporation (the “Company”) pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for interim financial statements.  The information furnished herein reflects all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals and adjustments) that are, in the opinion of management, necessary to fairly present the operating results for the respective periods.  Certain information and footnote disclosures normally present in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America have been omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations.  These unaudited interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and footnotes for the Company for its year ended December 31, 2007 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K.  The results for the nine-month interim period ended September 30, 2008 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2008.

NOTE 2 - NATURE OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Organization and Business
The Company, based in Los Angeles, California, is a provider of secure content management software. The Company develops and licenses security software and related services. The Company continues to bring to market advanced solutions to combat and prevent online information theft, unwanted advertisements, spam, Internet viruses, spyware and related computer threats.

Going Concern and Management’s Plans
Historically, the Company’s revenues were derived from subscriptions to CyberDefender Anti-Spyware 2006, which included the initial download and one year of updates. The license to use the software was renewed annually with incentives for early renewals. The Company acquired new users with an online direct purchase offer. The offer, to scan a computer for spyware and then pay for removal of spyware, was broadcast in emails, banners and search ads.

In November 2006, the Company launched its new Internet security suite called CyberDefender FREE 2.0 that is free to the subscriber. Revenues are earned from advertising networks which pay the Company to display advertisements inside the software. CyberDefender Early Detection Center is a version of the same software, without the advertising, which is paid for by the subscriber. The annual subscription rate for the version without ads ranges from $11.99 to $39.99, depending on the marketing or distribution channels used by the Company.

On September 27, 2007, the Company announced the launch of CyberDefenderULTIMATE™ and CyberDefenderCOMPLETE™. These are enhanced versions of its security software. For an annual fee, CyberDefenderULTIMATE™ provides year round support for any software or hardware connected to a subscriber’s computer while CyberDefenderCOMPLETE™ provides a one-time fix to a customer’s computer and a year-round unlimited anti-malware support for a subscriber’s computer. These new security suites also include 2 gigabytes of online backup. These products are sold through an annual subscription for $59.95 to $199.95.

The Company’s financial statements have been presented on the basis that it is a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company has incurred net losses of $7,444,098 and $3,732,941 during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, and has negative working capital of $7,223,053 and an accumulated deficit of $22,005,050 at September 30, 2008, which raises substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Until sales of the products provide the Company with the revenue it needs to attain profitability, the Company intends to continue to raise money for operating capital through sales of its securities or by borrowing money.  From inception through September 30, 2008, the Company has raised $5,235,000 from debt financing and $1,810,000 from equity financing to develop software and to build out a management team capable of delivering its products to market. The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to develop additional sources of capital. Management cannot assure that any financing arrangements will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to the Company. If additional financing is not available or is not available on acceptable terms, the Company may be unable to continue its operations. The accompanying condensed financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of these uncertainties.

The Company currently has no firm agreements with any third parties for any future transactions and future financings.
 
5

 
CYBERDEFENDER CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

NOTE 2 - NATURE OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Reclassification
To conform to the current year's presentation, as a result of management's continuing analysis of its operating activities, the Company reclassified approximately $374,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2007 that was previously classified as interest expense to selling, general and administrative expense with no effect on previously reported net loss.

Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates made by management are, among others, realization of accounts receivables, recoverability of long-lived assets, determination of useful lives of intangibles, value of shares and options/warrants granted and valuation of deferred tax assets. Actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions.

Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and investments with original maturities of three months or less.

Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Expenditures for major additions and improvements are capitalized and minor replacements, maintenance, and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. When equipment is retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in the results of operations for the respective period. Depreciation is provided over the estimated useful lives of the related assets ranging from three to seven years, using the straight-line method. Total depreciation expense was $29,484 and $25,786 for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
 
Equipment under Capital Lease
The Company leases certain of its furniture and other equipment under agreements accounted for as capital leases. The assets and liabilities under capital lease are recorded at the lesser of the present value of aggregate future minimum lease payments, including estimated bargain purchase options, or the fair value of the assets under lease. Assets under capital lease are depreciated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Unless otherwise specified, the Company believes the carrying value of financial instruments approximates their fair value.
 
6

 
CYBERDEFENDER CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

NOTE 2 - NATURE OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenue from the sale of software licenses under the guidance of  Statement of Position (“SOP”)  No. 97-2, “Software Revenue Recognition,” as amended by SOP No. 98-9, “Modification of SOP 97-2, Software Revenue Recognition, With Respect to Certain Transactions” and SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 101 “Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements” as amended by SAB 104.

Specifically, the Company recognizes revenues from its products when all of the following conditions for revenue recognition are met:

i.
 
persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists,
ii.
 
the product or service has been delivered,
iii.
 
the fee is fixed or determinable, and
iv.
 
collection of the resulting receivable is reasonably assured.

The Company currently sells three products, CyberDefender Early Detection Center (“EDC”), an antivirus and anti spyware software, CyberDefenderULTIMATE™ and CyberDefenderCOMPLETE™, over the Internet. The Company also offers a backup CD of the EDC software for an additional fee. CyberDefenderCOMPLETE™ offers customers one-time technical support and a license for EDC, while CyberDefenderULTIMATE™ offers customers unlimited technical support for a specified period and a license for EDC. Customers order the product and simultaneously provide their credit card information to the Company. Upon receipt of authorization from the credit card issuer, the Company provides technical support if the customer purchased CyberDefenderULTIMATE™ or CyberDefenderCOMPLETE™ and licenses the customer to download EDC over the Internet. As part of the sales price, the Company provides renewable product support and content updates, which are separate components of product licenses and sales. Term licenses allow customers to use the Company’s products and receive product support coverage and content updates for a specified period, generally twelve months. The Company invoices for product support, content updates and term licenses at the beginning of the term. These revenues contain multiple element arrangements where “vendor specific objective evidence” (“VSOE”) may not exist for one or more of the elements. EDC and CyberDefenderULTIMATE™ are in substance a subscription and the entire fee is deferred until the month subsequent to the delivery date of the product and is recognized ratably over the term of the arrangement according to the guidance in SOP 97-2 paragraph 49. Revenue is recognized immediately for the sale of the backup CD and for the portion of the sale of CyberDefenderCOMPLETE™ that relates to the one-time technical support as the Company believes that all of the elements necessary for revenue recognition have occurred.

The Company also uses third parties to sell its software and therefore evaluates the criteria of Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Emerging Issues Task Force ("EITF") Issue No. 99-19, “Reporting Revenue Gross as a Principal Versus Net as an Agent,” in determining whether it is appropriate to record the gross amount of revenue and related costs or the net amount earned as commissions. The Company is the primary obligor, is subject to inventory risk, has latitude in establishing prices and selecting suppliers, establishes product specifications, and has the risk of loss. Accordingly, the Company's revenue is recorded on a gross basis.

The Company also offers two products which are free to the subscriber, CyberDefender FREE 2.0 and MyIdentityDefender Toolbar. Revenues are earned from advertising networks which pay the Company to display advertisements inside the software or through the toolbar search. Under the guidance of SAB 104, the Company recognizes revenue from the advertising networks monthly based on a rate determined either by the quantity of the ads displayed or the performance of the ads based on the amount of times the ads are clicked by the user. Furthermore, advertising revenue is recognized provided that no significant Company obligations remain at the end of a period and collection of the resulting receivable is probable. The Company’s obligations do not include guarantees of a minimum number of impressions.

Deferred Processing Fees
The Company uses a third party to process its product sales. The Company pays a direct acquisition fee to the processor for each completed sale. These direct acquisition fees are deferred and recognized ratably over the term of the arrangement of the associated sale in accordance with FASB Technical Bulletin 90-1, “Accounting for Separately Priced Extended Warranty and Product Maintenance Contracts.” The third party processor refunds any direct acquisition fee on any credit card chargeback or on any product that is returned. The refunds are matched against the associated chargebacks and product returns.
 
7

 
CYBERDEFENDER CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

NOTE 2 - NATURE OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Reserves for Product Returns
The Company’s policy with respect to product returns is defined in its End User License Agreement (“EULA”), which states “...products purchased that are downloadable are refundable within the first 30 days after the date of purchase.” Product returns are generally received within 30 days of the original sale and are charged against the associated sale upon receipt of the return.  A chargeback occurs after a customer is automatically charged for a renewal license and subsequently, within 30 days of renewal, decides not to continue using the license or the credit card processed for renewal is no longer valid.  The Company’s third party processor of renewal sales is usually notified within 30 days by customers that they no longer wish to license the Company’s product.  The third party processor reduces the amounts due to the Company as a result of any chargeback during the preceding 30 day period.  As a result, a majority of chargebacks occur within 30 days of the rebilling event and are recorded prior to closing the previous month’s accounting records.  The Company may voluntarily accept returns from a customer. The returns are charged against revenues upon receipt. As of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company had $0 accrued for customer returns and chargebacks, based on historical returns.

Concentrations of Risk
Revenues are concentrated in the software industry which is highly competitive and rapidly changing.   Significant technological changes in the industry or customer requirements, or the emergence of competitive products with new technologies or capabilities could adversely affect operating results.

The Company maintains all cash in bank accounts, which at times may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced a loss in such accounts.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 advertising purchased from four vendors accounted for 94% and 47% of the Company’s total advertising expense, respectively.

Income Taxes
The Company has adopted the liability method of accounting for income taxes pursuant to Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (“SFAS”) No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes.” Under SFAS No. 109, deferred income taxes are recorded to reflect tax consequences on future years for the differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at each year-end. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statements carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets, including tax loss and credit carryforwards, and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

Deferred income tax expense represents the change during the period in the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities. The components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities are individually classified as current and non-current based on their characteristics. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

Effective January 1, 2007, the Company adopted the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes,” (“FIN 48”). FIN 48 prescribes recognition thresholds that must be met before a tax position is recognized in the financial statements and provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition. Under FIN 48, an entity may only recognize or continue to recognize tax positions that meet a “more likely than not” threshold. The Company did not make any adjustment to opening retained earnings as a result of the implementation.
 
8

 
CYBERDEFENDER  CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

NOTE 2 - NATURE OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Income Taxes (Continued)
Based on its evaluation, the Company has concluded that there are no significant uncertain tax positions requiring recognition in its financial statements. The Company’s evaluation was performed for the tax years ended December 31, 2004 through 2007 for U.S. Federal Income Tax and for the tax years ending December 31, 2003 through 2007 for the State of California Income Tax.

The Company does not have any unrecognized tax benefits as of September 30, 2008 that, if recognized, would affect the Company’s effective income tax rate.

The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to income tax issues as components of income tax expense. The Company did not recognize or have any accrual for interest and penalties relating to income taxes as of September 30, 2008.

Software Development Costs
The Company accounts for software development costs in accordance with SFAS No. 86, “Computer Software to Be Sold, Leased, or Otherwise Marketed.” Such costs are expensed prior to achievement of technological feasibility and thereafter are capitalized. There have been very limited software development costs incurred between the time the software and its related enhancements have reached technological feasibility and its general release to customers. As a result, all software development costs have been charged to product development expense. For the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, product development costs were $325,571 and $398,306, respectively. Further, as discussed in Note 3, the Company acquired the CyberDefender TM software application during 2005.
 
Advertising Expenses
 
Advertising expenses are expensed as incurred and consist primarily of various forms of media purchased from Internet-based marketers and search engines. For the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, advertising expense amounted to $3,905,961 and $351,775, respectively.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
The Company has adopted all accounting pronouncements effective before September 30, 2008 which are applicable to the Company.

In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, including an amendment of SFAS No. 115.” SFAS No. 159 permits companies to choose to measure certain financial instruments and certain other items at fair value and requires unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected to be reported in earnings. SFAS No. 159 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. There was no impact on the Company’s financial statements from the adoption of this standard.

In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements.” This statement clarifies the definition of fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands the disclosures on fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. FASB Staff Position No. FAS 157-2 (“FSP 157-2”), “Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157,” was issued in February 2008. FSP 157-2 delays the effective date of SFAS No. 157 for nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities, except for items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value at least once a year, to fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008, and for interim periods within those fiscal years. Effective January 1, 2008, we adopted SFAS 157 for financial assets and liabilities recognized at fair value on a recurring basis. The partial adoption of SFAS 157 for financial assets and liabilities had no impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Management does not expect the adoption of the FSP to have a material impact on our financial statements.

In May 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 162, The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. SFAS 162 identifies the sources of accounting principles and the framework for selecting the principles used in the preparation of financial statements. SFAS No. 162 is effective 60 days following the SEC’s approval of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board amendments to AU Section 411, The Meaning of Present Fairly in Conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. Management does not currently expect the adoption of SFAS No. 162 to have a material impact on the financial statements.
 
9

 
CYBERDEFENDER CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

NOTE 2 - NATURE OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Loss Per Share
In accordance with SFAS No. 128, “Earnings Per Share”, the basic loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding.  Diluted loss per common share is computed similar to basic loss per common share except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the potential common shares had been issued and if the additional common shares were dilutive. As of September 30, 2008 and 2007, there were 11,432,958 and 9,649,692 shares of potentially dilutive securities outstanding, respectively. As the Company reported a net loss, none of the potentially dilutive securities were included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share since their effect would be anti-dilutive for that reporting period.

Stock Based Compensation
The Company adopted SFAS No. 123 (Revised 2004), “Share Based Payment” (“SFAS No. 123R”), under the modified-prospective transition method on January 1, 2006. SFAS No. 123R requires companies to measure and recognize the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value. Share-based compensation recognized under the modified-prospective transition method of SFAS No. 123R includes share-based compensation based on the grant-date fair value determined in accordance with the original provisions of SFAS No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation,” for all share-based payments granted prior to and not yet vested as of January 1, 2006 and share-based compensation based on the grant-date fair value determined in accordance with SFAS No. 123R for all share-based payments granted after January 1, 2006. For non-employee stock based compensation, the Company recognizes an expense in accordance with SFAS No. 123 and values the equity securities based on the fair value of the security on the date of grant. For stock-based awards the value is based on the market value of the stock on the date of grant or the value of services, whichever is more readily available. Stock option awards are valued using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model.

NOTE 3 - INTANGIBLE

In January 2005, the Company entered into an asset purchase agreement with Unionway Int’l, LLC whereby the Company purchased certain assets of Unionway Int’l, LLC that principally included the software application Cyber-Defender™ and associated rights for $200,000 through the issuance of a note payable. The software technology purchased from Unionway Int’l, LLC is the core of the Company’s existing product. The asset is being amortized over the expected life of three years on a straight line basis. The amortization for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 is $0 and $50,000, respectively and the accumulated amortization is $200,000 as of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007.

NOTE 4 - STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Common Stock
On October 18, 2007, the Company began an offering of units. Each unit consisted of 25,000 shares of common stock and a warrant to purchase 18,750 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $1.25 per share. The warrants have a term of five years. Pursuant to the warrant agreements, from and after the warrant issue date, in the event the Company sells Common Stock for less than the then exercise price or issues securities convertible into or exercisable for common stock at a conversion price or exercise price less than the then exercise price (a “Dilutive Issuance”), then the exercise price shall be multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of shares of common stock sold and issued at the closing of such Dilutive Issuance plus the number of shares which the aggregate offering price of the total number of shares of common stock sold and issued at the closing of such Dilutive Issuance would purchase at the then exercise price, and the denominator of which is the number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding on the date of such Dilutive Issuance plus the number of additional shares of common stock sold and issued at the closing of such Dilutive Issuance. As of September 30, 2008, the exercise price per share of the warrants has not been reduced as a result of any Dilutive Issuance. The purchase price was $25,000 per unit. During the fourth quarter of 2007, the Company issued 654,500 shares and raised $654,500 through this offering. The 490,875 warrants issued in connection with the units were valued at $436,248 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: term of 5 years, a risk-free interest rate of 4.52%, a dividend yield of 0% and volatility of 142%. Issuance costs consisted of a 7% cash fee and additional warrants at $1.00 per share to purchase 7% of the number of shares of common stock sold in the offering with the following assumptions: term of 5 years, a risk-free interest rate of 4.52%, a dividend yield of 0% and volatility of 142%.
 
10

 
CYBERDEFENDER CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

NOTE 4 - STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Continued)

During February and March, 2008, the Company issued 175,000 shares and raised $175,000 through this offering. The 131,250 warrants issued in connection with the units were valued at $118,058 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: term of 5 years, a risk-free interest rate of 4.52%, a dividend yield of 0% and volatility of 146-148%. Issuance costs consisted of a 7% cash fee and additional warrants at $1.00 per share to purchase 7% of the number of shares of common stock sold in the offering with the following assumptions: term of 5 years, a risk-free interest rate of 4.52%, a dividend yield of 0% and volatility of 146%. In May 2008 the Company updated the agreement with the placement agent to increase both the cash and warrant placement fees from 7% to 9% as well as to provide to the placement agent a 2.5% cash expense allowance. During June, 2008, the Company issued 400,000 shares and raised $354,000, net of placement fees, through this offering. The 300,000 warrants issued in connection with the units were valued at $271,438 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: term of 5 years, a risk-free interest rate of 3.88%, a dividend yield of 0% and volatility of 111%. Issuance costs consisted of a 9% cash fee, 2.5% expense allowance and additional warrants at $1.00 per share to purchase 9% of the number of shares of common stock sold in the offering with the following assumptions: term of 5 years, a risk-free interest rate of 4.52%, a dividend yield of 0% and volatility of 146%. During July and August, 2008, the Company issued 580,500 shares and raised $513,743, net of placement fees, through this offering. The 435,375 warrants issued in connection with the units were valued at $468,931 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: term of 5 years, a risk-free interest rate of 3.88%, a dividend yield of 0% and volatility of 110-116%. Issuance costs consisted of a 9% cash fee, 2.5% expense allowance and additional warrants at $1.00 per share to purchase 9% of the number of shares of common stock sold in the offering, valued at $44,811 with the following assumptions: term of 5 years, a risk-free interest rate of 3.88%, a dividend yield of 0% and volatility of 110-116%. Issuance costs of $9,065 and $45,815 were recorded in accrued expenses on the accompanying balance sheet as of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively.

On February 12, 2008, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with New Castle Consulting. Pursuant to this agreement, New Castle will provide investor relations services to the Company for a period of 6 months in exchange for an immediate payment of $4,500, a monthly fee of $4,500 the payment of which began in March 2008, the issuance of 100,000 shares of restricted common stock valued at $100,000 and an indemnity. As the shares were unforfeitable upon issuance and there was no guarantee of future benefit to be provided, the value of the shares was expensed upon issuance to selling, general and administrative expense in the quarter ended March 31, 2008.

On February 14, 2008, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Kulman IR. Pursuant to this agreement, Kulman will provide investor relations services to us for a period of 12 months in exchange for a monthly fee of $3,500, the issuance of 100,000 shares of restricted common stock valued at $100,000, the payment of pre-approved expenses incurred by Kulman in discharging its obligations under the agreement and cross-indemnities. In regards to the stock that was issued, 50,000 shares vested immediately, 25,000 shares vested on August 7, 2008 and the remaining 25,000 shares were to vest on October 7, 2008. During August 2008, the Company terminated the agreement and cancelled the 25,000 unvested shares. As there was no guarantee of future benefit to be provided, the value of the vested shares was expensed upon issuance to selling, general and administrative expense in the quarter ended March 31, 2008.

On July 15, 2008, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Frontier Capital Partners L.L.C. (“Frontier”) pursuant to which Frontier agreed to provide investor relations and other business advisory services. The agreement term was 3 months, but the agreement could be terminated by either party upon 5 days written notice. The agreement also includes provisions allowing immediate termination in the event of dissolution, bankruptcy or insolvency and for cause. The Company has agreed to issue to Frontier 125,000 shares of its restricted common stock as compensation for these services. 75,000 of these shares, valued at $81,000, were issued immediately (upon execution of the agreement) and are deemed to be a non-refundable retainer. The remaining 50,000 shares, valued at $63,000, were issued 46 days after execution of the agreement. As the shares were unforfeitable upon issuance and there was no guarantee of future benefit to be provided, the value of the shares was expensed upon issuance to selling, general and administrative expense in the quarter ended September 30, 2008.

On August 14, 2008, a holder of warrants to purchase 98,121 shares of common stock of the Company at a price of $1.01 per share exercised the warrants under Section 3(c) of the warrant document which allows for cashless exercise of the warrants. As a result, the Company issued 37,985 shares of its common stock.
 
See Note 5 for additional shares issued during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 related to the convertible notes payable.
 
11

 
CYBERDEFENDER CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

NOTE 4 - STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Continued)

Stock options
In January 2005, the Company adopted the CyberDefender Corporation 2005 Stock Option Plan (sometimes called the CyberDefender Corporation 2005 Equity Incentive Plan and referred to herein as the “2005 Plan”), which consists of equity programs that provide for the granting of Incentive Stock Options or Nonstatutory Stock Options, the issuance of stock appreciation rights, stock purchase rights and awards of stock. Under the terms of the 2005 Plan, the exercise price of options granted may be equal to, greater than or less than the fair market value on the date of grant, the options have a maximum term of ten years and generally vest over a  period of service or attainment of specified performance objectives. The maximum aggregate amount of options that may be granted from the 2005 Plan is 931,734 shares.

On October 30, 2006, the Company adopted the Amended and Restated 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (“2006 Plan”) that provides for the granting of Incentive Stock Options or Nonstatutory Stock Options, the issuance of stock appreciation rights, stock purchase rights and awards of stock. Under the terms of the 2006 Plan, the exercise price of options granted may be equal to, greater than or less than the fair market value on the date of grant, the options have a maximum term of ten years and generally vest over a period of service or attainment of specified performance objectives. The maximum aggregate amount of stock based awards that may be granted from the 2006 Plan is 1,375,000 shares.

On March 31, 2008, the Company granted to Michael Barrett, the Company’s Chief Financial Officer, an option to purchase 20,000 shares of common stock under the 2006 Plan, at a price of $1.00 per share with an estimated fair value of $17,344 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: expected term of 5.1 years, a risk-free interest rate of 4.62%, a dividend yield of 0%, volatility of 128% and a forfeiture rate of 4%.

On April 16, 2008, the Company granted to Michael Barrett, the Company’s Chief Financial Officer, an option to purchase 20,000 shares of common stock under the 2006 Plan, at a price of $1.00 per share with an estimated fair value of $17,269 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: expected term of 5.1 years, a risk-free interest rate of 2.84%, a dividend yield of 0%, volatility of 169% and a forfeiture rate of 4%.

On April 16, 2008, the Company granted to Steve Asetre, a consultant, an option to purchase 15,700 shares of common stock under the 2006 Plan, at a price of $1.25 per share with an estimated fair value of $9,115 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: expected term of 2.50 years, a risk-free interest rate of 2.09%, a dividend yield of 0%, volatility of 118% and a forfeiture rate of 0%.

On April 16, 2008, the Company granted to Tawab Rahmani, a consultant, an option to purchase 75,000 shares of common stock under the 2006 Plan, at a price of $1.00 per share with an estimated fair value of $46,380 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: expected term of 2.50 years, a risk-free interest rate of 2.09%, a dividend yield of 0%, volatility of 118% and a forfeiture rate of 0%.

On April 16, 2008, the Company granted to Sean Whiteley, a consultant, an option to purchase 40,000 shares of common stock under the 2006 Plan, at a price of $1.00 per share with an estimated fair value of $27,131 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: expected term of 3.25 years, a risk-free interest rate of 2.28%, a dividend yield of 0%, volatility of 118% and a forfeiture rate of 0%.

In June 2008, the Company granted to employees, options to purchase 160,000 shares of common stock under the 2006 Plan, at prices ranging from $1.01 to $1.10 per share with an estimated fair value of $131,891 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: expected term of 6.1 years, a risk-free interest rate of 3.54% to 3.84%, a dividend yield of 0%, volatility of 166-167% and forfeiture rates of 4% to 20%.

On August 6, 2008, the Company granted to Michael Barrett, the Company’s Chief Financial Officer, an option to purchase 10,000 shares of common stock under the 2006 Plan, at a price of $1.30 per share with an estimated fair value of $12,094 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: expected term of 5.1 years, a risk-free interest rate of 3.24%, a dividend yield of 0%, volatility of 158% and a forfeiture rate of 4%.
 
12

 
CYBERDEFENDER CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

NOTE 4 - STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Continued)

In August and September 2008, the Company granted to employees, options to purchase 75,000 shares of common stock under the 2006 Plan, at prices ranging from $1.07 to $1.44 per share with an estimated fair value of $89,826 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: expected terms of 5-6 years, a risk-free interest rate of 2.88% to 3.23%, a dividend yield of 0%, volatility of 157-161% and forfeiture rates of 20%.

A summary of stock option activity for the 2005 Plan and 2006 Plan is as follows:

 
 
Nine Months ended
 
 
 
September 30, 2008
 
September 30, 2007
 
 
 
Number
of Options
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
 
Number
of Options
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Outstanding, beginning of period
   
1,316,384
 
$
0.75
   
1,441,613
 
$
0.74
 
 
                 
Granted
   
415,700
 
$
1.10
   
300,500
 
$
1.00
 
 
                 
Exercised
   
   
   
   
 
 
                 
Cancelled
   
(323,667
)
$
1.05
   
(395,729
)
$
1.00
 
 
                 
Outstanding, end of period
   
1,408,417
 
$
0.78
   
1,346,384
 
$
0.74
 
 
                 
Exercisable, end of period
   
1,067,557
 
$
0.68
   
689,129
 
$
0.68
 

The weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 was $0.93 and $0.89 per option, respectively.
 
As of September 30, 2008 and 2007, 340,860 and 657,255 of the options granted are not vested with an estimated remaining value of $245,167 and $551,600, respectively. At September 30, 2008, 1,067,557 of these options were exercisable with a weighted average remaining contractual term of 7.32 years. The weighted average remaining contractual life of all options outstanding at September 30, 2008 is 7.72 years.
 
The Company recorded compensation expense associated with the issuance and vesting of stock options of $177,747 and $332,694 for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively.

There were no stock options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007.
 
13

 
CYBERDEFENDER CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

NOTE 5 - CONVERTIBLE NOTES PAYABLE

On September 12, 2006, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with 13 accredited investors pursuant to which it sold 10% secured convertible debentures (the “Debentures”) in the aggregate principal amount of $3,243,378 and common stock purchase warrants to purchase an aggregate of 3,243,378 shares of the Company’s common stock at $1.00 per share (the “Base Conversion Price”) that also included a registration rights agreement. The debenture holders have the right to convert the Debentures into 3,243,378 shares of common stock. The Debentures mature on September 12, 2009 and bear interest at the rate of 10% per year, payable quarterly. If, during the time that the Debentures are outstanding, the Company sells or grants any option to purchase (other than options issued pursuant to a plan approved by our board of directors), or sells or grants any right to reprice its securities, or otherwise disposes of or issues any common stock or common stock equivalents entitling any person to acquire shares of the Company’s common stock at a price per share that is lower than the conversion price of the debentures or that is higher than the Base Conversion Price but lower than the daily volume weighted average price of the common stock, then the conversion price of the Debentures will be reduced. As of September 30, 2008, the conversion price of the Debentures has not been reduced.

Under the terms of the agreement, the Company is obligated to register for resale at least 130% of the shares of its common stock issuable upon the conversion of the Debentures and the exercise of the common stock purchase warrants. However, the agreement also prohibits the Company from registering shares of common stock on a registration statement that total more than one-half of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock, reduced by 10,000 shares.

If a registration statement was not filed within 30 days of the sale of the Debentures, or was not effective 120 days from the date of the sale of the Debentures, which was January 10, 2007, or if the Company did not respond to an SEC request for information during the registration period within 10 days of notice, the Company was required to pay to each holder of its Debentures an amount in cash, as partial liquidated damages and not as a penalty, equal to 1.5% of the aggregate subscription amount paid by each holder. The Company, (1) will not be liable for liquidated damages with respect to any warrants or warrant shares, (2) in no event will the Company be liable for liquidated damages in excess of 1.5% of the aggregate subscription amount of the holders in any 30-day period, and (3) the maximum aggregate liquidated damages payable to a holder is eighteen percent (18%) of the aggregate subscription amount paid by such holder up to a maximum aggregate liquidated damages of 18% of the total amount of the secured convertible debentures, or $583,808. If the Company fails to pay any partial liquidated damages in full within seven days after the date payable, the Company will pay interest at a rate of 18% per annum to the holder, accruing daily from the date such partial liquidated damages are due until such amounts, plus all such interest, are paid in full. The partial liquidated damages apply on a daily pro-rata basis for any portion of a month.

Pursuant to Amendments No. 1 and No. 2 to the Registration Rights Agreement, the holders of the Company’s Debentures agreed to extend the filing date of the registration statement to November 3, 2006, and agreed to waive their rights to enforce the liquidated damages clause for the initial filing of the registration statement. The Company did not meet the 10 day response period for responding to an SEC request for additional information nor did the Company meet the target registration statement effectiveness date of January 10, 2007. The holders did not agree to waive the liquidated damages that accrued due to the Company’s failure to meet the 10 day period for responding to an SEC request for additional information nor have the holders agreed to waive the liquidated damages that accrued due to the Company’s failure to have the registration statement declared effective by January 10, 2007.

In accordance with FASB Staff Position Emerging Issues Task Force (“FSP EITF”) 00-19-02, “Accounting for Registration Payment Arrangements,” the Company believed, at the time the Debentures were issued, that it was probable that it would be in violation of certain filing provisions within the Registration Rights Agreement and recorded $111,897 as a discount to the 10% secured convertible debentures. At December 31, 2006, the Company estimated its liquidated damages to be $225,415 and therefore recorded an additional expense of $113,518 in loss on registration rights agreement in the statement of operations. On March 23, 2007 the Company entered into a Consent and Waiver agreement as more fully described below that determined the actual liquidated damages to be $169,917 calculated through March 23, 2007 and covering the period through April 30, 2007, resulting in a $55,498 decrease to the liability.
 
14

 
CYBERDEFENDER CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

NOTE 5 - CONVERTIBLE NOTES PAYABLE (Continued)
 
The Company was also required to make an interest payment to the Debenture holders on April 1, 2007. The Consent and Waiver allowed the Company to make the April 1 interest payment and pay the liquidated damages in one of two ways to be chosen by each holder. For payment of the Debenture holder’s pro rata portion of the April 1 interest payment, the Debenture holder could choose to increase the principal amount of his Debenture by his pro-rata share of the accrued interest amount or accept shares of the Company’s common stock valued at $0.85 per share for this purpose. For payment of the Debenture holders pro rata portion of the liquidated damages, each Debenture holder has the same choice, that is, either to increase his Debenture by the pro rata liquidated damages amount or accept shares of the Company’s common stock valued at $0.85 per share for this purpose. If all the Debenture holders were to choose to accept shares of the Company’s common stock in payment of the April 1 interest payment and the liquidated damages, the Company could be required to issue up to a total of 566,336 shares of the Company’s common stock. The Consent and Waiver allowed the Company to issue these shares without triggering the anti-dilution rights included in the original offering documents. The Company issued 180,187 shares in November and December 2007 as partial payment for these liquidated damages valued at $153,167. At December 31, 2007, $16,750 of these damages remained in accrued expenses - registration rights agreement. The Company issued 15,407 shares in January and February 2008 as partial payment for these liquidated damages valued at $13,097. At September 30, 2008, $3,653 of these damages remained in accrued expenses - registration rights agreement. The Company issued 190,090 shares in November and December 2007 as partial payment for the April 1 interest payment of $161,580. At December 31, 2007, $17,179 remained in accrued interest. The Company issued 15,669 shares in January and February 2008 as partial payment for the April 1 interest payments of $13,319.

The Consent and Waiver allowed the Company to issue to Oceana Partners, LLC, without triggering the anti-dilution rights, 50,000 shares of common stock in consideration for research coverage for a 12-month period. 

The Company did not meet the April 30, 2007 date for its registration statement to be declared effective by the SEC. The registration statement became effective on July 19, 2007. As a result, the Company incurred additional liquidated damages for the period May 1 through July 19, 2007 of $132,726. On September 21, 2007 the Company received from the holders of the Debentures a second Consent and Waiver. The holders of the Debentures agreed to accept shares of the Company’s common stock at $0.85 per share instead of cash as payment for the interest due on July 1, 2007 and October 1, 2007 and for damages incurred under the Registration Rights Agreement. The Company issued 135,063 shares in February 2008 as partial payment for these liquidated damages valued at $106,518. At September 30, 2008, $26,208 of these damages remained in accrued expenses - registration rights agreement. The Company issued 94,952 shares in February 2008 as partial payment for the July 1 and October 1, 2007 interest payments of $110,147.

The Company did not meet the August 18, 2007 date to file a second registration statement. As a result, the Company incurred additional liquidated damages for the period August 18 through December 19, 2007 of $194,603. The Company received from the holders of the Debentures a third Consent and Waiver, dated February 13, 2008 and amended on August 19, 2008. The third Consent and Waiver waived the requirement included in the Debentures and the Registration Rights Agreement that the Company file a second registration statement, waived the liquidated damages that accrued from and after December 19, 2007 and waived the payment of any interest that would have accrued on the liquidated damages. The holders of the Debentures agreed to accept either additional debentures or shares of the Company’s common stock at $0.85 per share instead of cash as payment for the interest due on January 1, 2008 and as payment of the liquidated damages accrued prior to December 19, 2007 under the Registration Rights Agreement. In September 2008 the Company issued $64,422 in additional debentures, with a term of 18 months and which are convertible at $0.85 per share, which included $4,422 of interest. At September 30, 2008, $128,603 remained in accrued expenses - registration rights agreement.

According to the terms of the Debentures, the Company is to make interest payments quarterly on January 1, April 1, July 1 and October 1 until September 2009, when the principal amount and all accrued but unpaid interest will be due. To date, holders of the Debentures have agreed to accept the Company’s securities as payment of the interest obligation, in lieu of cash. The Company failed to make the interest payments that were due on April 1, and July 1, 2008, totaling $139,169. On September 22, 2008 the Company received from the holders of the Debentures a fourth Consent and Waiver of defaults of the Debentures. The holders of the Debentures agreed to accept either additional debentures or shares of the Company’s common stock at $0.85 per share instead of cash as payment for the interest due on April 1, July 1, and October 1, 2008, totaling $205,207. In September 2008 the Company issued $26,868 in additional debentures, with a term of 18 months and which are convertible at $0.85 per share, which included $1,868 of penalty interest.
 
15

 
CYBERDEFENDER CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

NOTE 5 - CONVERTIBLE NOTES PAYABLE (Continued)

The holders of certain shares and warrants for the purchase of common stock issued in conjunction with the sale of the Company’s previously issued Secured Convertible Promissory Notes from November 2005 through March 2006, which were converted on September 12, 2006, also have certain registration rights. These holders agreed to defer their rights to require registration of their securities on the registration statement the Company filed; however, they have maintained the rights to piggyback on future registration statements filed by the Company.

The Company has accounted for the Debentures according to Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 133 “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” EITF 00-19 “Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments Indexed to, and Potentially Settled in, a Company's Own Stock,” FSP EITF 00-19-2, EITF 98-5 “Accounting for Convertible Securities with Beneficial Conversion Features or Contingently Adjustable Conversion Ratios and EITF 00-27 “Application of Issue No. 98-5 to Certain Convertible Instruments. The Company has accounted for the registration rights arrangement under the guidance of FSP EITF 00-19-2 and the warrants as permanent equity under the guidance of SFAS No. 133 and EITF 00-19. The value of the Debentures was allocated between the Debentures, the registration rights arrangement and the warrants, including the beneficial conversion feature, which amounted to $63,689, $111,897 and $3,067,792, respectively. The discount of $3,179,689 related to the registration rights arrangement and the warrants, including the beneficial conversion feature, is being amortized over the term of the Debentures. The Company amortized $758,938 and $793,470 to interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007. The remaining unamortized warrant and beneficial conversion feature value is recorded as a discount on the Debentures on the accompanying balance sheet.

In addition, as part of the transaction, the Company paid $217,000, issued 1,000,515 shares of common stock in November 2006 valued at $1,000,515 and issued 217,000 unit purchase options with each unit consisting of 1 share of common stock and a warrant to purchase 1 share of common stock for $1.00 per share in November 2006. The unit purchase options were valued at $374,531 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: term of 5 years, a risk-free interest rate of 4.62%, a dividend yield of 0%, and volatility of 128%. These costs, totaling $1,592,046, are being amortized over the term of the Debentures. The Company recorded amortization of $379,411 and $398,012 to interest expense during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 related to the Debentures. The unamortized amount is recorded as part of the deferred financing costs in the accompanying balance sheets.

In November and December 2007, certain holders of the 10% Secured Convertible Debentures converted $460,000 of notes and $48,406 of accrued interest into 508,406 shares of common stock at $1.00 per share. The unamortized discount of $253,481 on the converted notes was recorded as interest expense at the time of the conversion.

In August 2008, certain holders of the 10% Secured Convertible Debentures converted $300,000 of notes and $15,468 of accrued interest, accrued liquidated damages and penalty interest into 315,468 shares of common stock at $1.00 per share and 86,601 warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at $1.25 per share. The unamortized discount of $103,310 on the converted notes was recorded as interest expense at the time of the conversion.

Convertible notes payable consist of the following:

 
 
September 30, 2008
 
December 31, 2007
 
10% debentures outstanding
 
$
2,574,668
 
$
2,783,378
 
Unamortized discount on debentures
   
(789,405
)
 
(1,548,343
)
Convertible notes payable, net
 
$
1,785,263
 
$
1,235,035
 
 
16

 
CYBERDEFENDER CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

NOTE 6 - NOTES PAYABLE

7.41% Senior Secured Original Issue Discount Notes
In April and May 2007, the Company sold $405,000 in face amount of its 7.41% Senior Secured Original Issue Discount Notes (“7.41% Notes”) and warrants to purchase 187,500 shares of the Company’s common stock for a purchase price of $375,000. The 7.41% Notes are due one year from issuance with interest at 7.41% payable at maturity. One warrant to purchase 5 shares of the Company’s common stock was issued for every $10 of purchase price paid. The warrants may be exercised at a price of $1.20 per share for a period of 5 years beginning nine months after issuance of the warrant. Pursuant to the warrant agreements, if the Company issues common stock or common stock equivalents at a price lower than the warrant exercise price (the “Base Share Price”), then the warrant exercise price will be reduced to equal the Base Share Price and the number of warrant shares issuable will be increased so that the aggregate exercise price, after taking into account the decrease, will be equal to the aggregate exercise price prior to the adjustment. As of September 30, 2008, the exercise price per share of the warrants has not been reduced as a result of the issuance of any of the Company’s common stock or common stock equivalents. The Company has accounted for the debentures according to SFAS 133, EITF 00-19, EITF 98-5 and EITF 00-27. The Company has accounted for the warrants as permanent equity under the guidance of SFAS 133 and EITF 00-19. The value of the 7.41% Notes was allocated between the original issue discount (“OID”), the warrants and the debentures which amounted to $30,000, $112,229 and $262,771, respectively. The discount related to the OID and warrants of $142,229 will be amortized over the one year term of the 7.41% Notes. The warrants issued in connection with the 7.41% Notes were valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: term of 5 years, a risk-free interest rate of 4.69%, a dividend yield of 0% and volatility of 124%.

In August 2007, the Company sold $297,000 in face amount of the 7.41% Notes and warrants to purchase 137,500 shares of the Company’s common stock for a purchase price of $275,000. The value of the 7.41% Notes was allocated between the OID, the warrants and the debentures which amounted to $22,000, $86,020 and $188,980, respectively. The discount related to the OID and the warrants of $108,020 will be amortized over the term of the 7.41% Notes. The warrants issued in connection with the 7.41% Notes were valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: term of 5 years, a risk-free interest rate of 4.60%, a dividend yield of 0% and volatility of 134%.

In October 2007, the Company sold $162,000 in face amount of the 7.41% Notes and warrants to purchase 75,000 shares of the Company’s common stock for a purchase price of $150,000. The value of the 7.41% Notes was allocated between the OID, the warrants and the debentures which amounted to $12,000, $44,103 and $105,897, respectively. The discount related to the OID and the warrants of $56,103 will be amortized over the term of the 7.41% Notes. The warrants issued in connection with the 7.41% Notes were valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: term of 5 years, a risk-free interest rate of 4.50%, a dividend yield of 0% and volatility of 116%.

The Company recorded $158,702 and $77,701 of interest expense related to the amortization of the discount related to 7.41% Notes and warrants for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively.

As part of the Consent and Waiver, as described above in Note 5, the holders of the Debentures agreed to allow the Company to sell the $864,000 face amount of 7.41% Notes in exchange for warrants to purchase 150,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $1.00 per share. The warrants were valued at $128,038 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumption: term of 5 years, a risk-free interest rate of 4.52%, a dividend yield of 0% and volatility of 124%. These costs were recorded as deferred financing costs and will be amortized over the term of the 7.41% Notes. As part of the issuance of the 7.41% Notes certain officers of the Company transferred to Oceana Partners and Carlin Capital 400,000 shares of common stock valued at $1.00 per share. The value of $400,000 was recorded as deferred financing cost and will be amortized over the term of the 7.41% Notes. The transfer of shares from the officers was recorded in additional paid-in capital.
 
17

 
CYBERDEFENDER CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

NOTE 6 - NOTES PAYABLE (Continued)
 
The Company recorded amortization of deferred financing costs of $154,011 and $245,963 to financing expense related to the 7.41% Notes during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively.

Pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement the Company signed in connection with the offering of the 7.41% Notes, the Company was required to register 125% of the number of shares underlying the related Warrants. The Company was required to file a registration statement for this purpose within 180 days following the date that the units were sold, and the Company would be in default of the Registration Rights Agreement if it failed to file the registration statement within 30 days following the expiration of the 180 day period. As of September 30, 2008, the Company was in default of the Registration Rights Agreement as to holders of $405,000 in principal amount of the 7.41% Notes. Subsequent to September 30, 2008, the Company has obtained a Consent and Waiver from the holders of the 7.41% Notes in relation to the liquidated damages under the Registration Rights Agreement and accordingly has recorded $19,143 and $16,821 in accrued expenses - registration rights agreement as of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively. Pursuant to the Consent and Waiver the Company will issue its securities to pay the liquidated damages.

On June 23, 2008, certain holders of the 7.41% Notes converted their notes in the face amount of $216,000 plus accrued interest of $19,101 into 235,101 shares of the Company’s common stock and warrants to purchase 176,327 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $1.25 per share. The conversion ratio was determined in accordance with a most favored nation provision included in the securities purchase agreement which permitted the noteholders to convert their 7.41% Notes at a price per share identical to the price per share at which the units described in Note 4 above were offered.

On August 6, 2008, certain holders of the 7.41% Notes converted their notes in the face amount of $459,000 plus accrued interest of $31,032 and penalties of $19,616 into 509,648 shares of the Company’s common stock and warrants to purchase 382,230 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $1.25 per share. The conversion ratio was determined in accordance with a most favored nation provision included in the securities purchase agreement which permitted the noteholders to convert their 7.41% Notes at a price per share identical to the price per share at which the units described in Note 4 above were offered.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, the Company repaid 7.41% Notes in the face amount of $189,000 and accrued interest on those notes of $17,196. At September 30, 2008 all of the 7.41% Notes were converted or paid in full.

7.41% Notes payable consist of the following:
 
     
September 30, 2008
   
December 31, 2007
 
7.41% notes outstanding
 
$
-
 
$
864,000
 
Unamortized discount on notes
   
-
   
(158,702
)
7.41% notes payable, net
 
$
-
 
$
705,298
 


Note Payable to Shareholder
In March 2008, Gary Guseinov pledged 750,000 shares of his common stock in CyberDefender Corporation to Michael and Casey DeBaecke in exchange for a loan of $160,000 made to the Company. The pledge is non-recourse to Mr. Guseinov in the event the collateral is foreclosed upon due to the Company’s failure to pay the loan. So long as there is no event of default in connection with the loan, Mr. Guseinov may continue to vote the shares at any annual or special meeting of the shareholders. The loan is due to be repaid on the earlier of two months from signing of the loan document or two days following the Company’s receipt of over $500,000 in new equity capital following the date of the promissory note evidencing the loan. Additionally, the Company issued warrants to purchase 40,000 shares of the Company’s stock. The warrants may be exercised at a price of $1.25 per share for a period of 5 years. The discount related to the warrants of $36,092 will be amortized over the term of the note. The warrants issued in connection with the note were valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: term of 5 years, a risk-free interest rate of 4.52%, a dividend yield of 0% and volatility of 148%. The Company recorded amortization of $36,092 to interest expense during the nine months ended September 30, 2008. The loan plus accrued interest was paid in full on July 30, 2008.
 
18

 
CYBERDEFENDER CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

NOTE 7 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Litigation
On September 18, 2007, a former employee of the Company alleged that the Company owed him approximately $50,000 in additional pay and demanded payment. The Company settled the lawsuit on June 3, 2008 and is in compliance with the payment terms as of September 30, 2008. The remaining amount is recorded in accrued expenses on the accompanying balance sheet at September 30, 2008.
 
Guarantees and Indemnities
During the normal course of business, the Company has made certain indemnities and guarantees under which it may be required to make payments in relation to certain transactions. These indemnities include certain agreements with the Company’s officers, under which the Company may be required to indemnify such person for liabilities arising out of their employment relationship. The duration of these indemnities and guarantees varies and, in certain cases, is indefinite. The majority of these indemnities and guarantees do not provide for any limitation of the maximum potential future payments the Company could be obligated to make. The Company hedges some of the risk associated with these potential obligations by carrying general liability insurance. Historically, the Company has not been obligated to make significant payments for these obligations and no liabilities have been recorded for these indemnities and guarantees in the accompanying statement of financial position.
 
On October 30, 2006, the Company entered into Indemnification Agreements with Mr. Guseinov, Mr. Ivankovich, the former Chief Financial Officer, Mr. Liu and Mr. Barash, on November 6, 2007 the Company entered into an Indemnification Agreement with Mr. John LaValle, a former director, and on February 1, 2008 the Company entered into an Indemnification Agreement with Mr. Michael Barrett, all of whom are sometimes collectively referred to in this discussion as the “indemnified parties” or individually referred to as an “indemnified party.” The agreements require the Company to provide indemnification for the indemnified parties for expenses (including attorneys’ fees, expert fees, other professional fees and court costs, and fees and expenses incurred in connection with any appeals), judgments (including punitive and exemplary damages), penalties, fines and amounts paid in settlement (if such settlement is approved in advance by the Company, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld) actually and reasonably incurred by the indemnified parties in connection with any threatened, pending or completed action or proceeding (including actions brought on the Company’s behalf, such as shareholder derivative actions), whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, to which he is or was a party, a witness or other participant (or is threatened to be made a party, a witness or other participant) by reason of the fact that he is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Company or any of its subsidiaries. The indemnification covers any action or inaction on the part of the indemnified party while he was an officer or director or by reason of the fact that he is or was serving at the Company’s request as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise. In the event of any change, after the date of the Indemnification Agreements, in any applicable law, statute or rule which expands the right of a California corporation to indemnify a member of its board of directors or an officer, such changes shall be within the purview of the indemnified parties’ rights and the Company’s obligations under the Indemnification Agreements.

The Indemnification Agreements are effective as of the date they were signed and may apply to acts or omissions of the indemnified parties which occurred prior to such date if the indemnified party was an officer, director, employee or other agent of the Company, or was serving at our request as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, at the time such act or omission occurred. All obligations under the Indemnification Agreements will continue as long as an indemnified party is subject to any actual or possible matter which is the subject of the Indemnification Agreement, notwithstanding an indemnified party’s termination of service as an officer or director.
 
19

 
CYBERDEFENDER CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

NOTE 8 - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On October 1, 2008, the Company granted to Michael Barrett, the Company’s Chief Financial Officer, an option to purchase 10,000 shares of common stock under the 2006 Plan, at a price of $1.00 per share with an estimated fair value of $9,679 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: expected term of 5.1 years, a risk-free interest rate of 2.88%, a dividend yield of 0%, volatility of 153% and a forfeiture rate of 4%. The shares vested over two months.

On October 1, 2008, the Company granted to a consultant, an option to purchase 35,000 shares of common stock under the 2006 Plan, at a price of $1.00 per share with an estimated fair value of $33,953 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: expected term of 5.1 years, a risk-free interest rate of 2.90%, a dividend yield of 0%, volatility of 154% and a forfeiture rate of 4%.

On October 13, 2008, the Company granted to an employee, an option to purchase 10,000 shares of common stock under the 2006 Plan, at a price of $1.20 per share with an estimated fair value of $6,694 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: expected term of 6.0 years, a risk-free interest rate of 3.02%, a dividend yield of 0%, volatility of 157% and a forfeiture rate of 20%.

On October 20, 2008, the Company issued an additional debenture in the amount of $79,150 to a holder of the Company’s Debentures in payment for the April 1, July 1 and October 1, 2008 interest payments and penalty interest.
 
On October 24, 2008, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Newview Consulting L.L.C. Pursuant to this agreement, Newview will provide investor relations services to the Company for a period of 6 months in exchange for warrants to purchase 2,250,000 shares of common stock of the Company at a price of $1.25 per share and cross-indemnities. 900,000 warrants vested immediately and 270,000 warrants vest on the 1st of each month beginning December 1, 2008 and ending April 1, 2009. Either party may terminate the agreement with fifteen days written notice. 

On October 30, 2008, the Company executed a letter of intent with a subsidiary of Guthy-Renker (“GRM”) to create, market and distribute direct response advertisements to sell the Company’s product. GRM is responsible for creating, financing, producing, testing and evaluating a radio commercial to market the Company’s products in exchange for $50,000 and warrants to purchase 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at a price of $1.25 per share. The letter also allows the parties the option to elect to have GRM create television commercials to market the Company’s product in exchange for additional warrants to purchase 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at a price of $1.25 per share.

In November 2008, certain holders of the 10% Secured Convertible Debentures converted $260,000 of notes into 260,000 shares of common stock at $1.00 per share.
 
20

 
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed by CyberDefender Corporation (referred to as “the company”, “we”, “us” or “our”) contains forward-looking statements. These are statements regarding financial and operating performance and results and other statements that are not historical facts. The words “expect,” “project,” “estimate,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “forecast,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Certain important risks could cause results to differ materially from those anticipated by some of the forward-looking statements. Some, but not all, of these risks include, among other things:

·  
whether we will be able to find financing as and when we need it;

·  
whether there are changes in regulatory requirements that adversely affect our business;

·  
whether we are successful in promoting our products;

·  
whether we can protect our intellectual property and operate our business without infringing on the intellectual property rights of others;

·  
whether we will continue to receive the services of certain officers and directors; and

·  
other uncertainties, all of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond our control.

We do not intend to update forward-looking statements. You should refer to and carefully review the information in future documents we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
 
21

 
ITEM 2.
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

OVERVIEW

We are a provider of secure content management software based in Los Angeles, California. We develop and license security software. Our mission is to bring to market advanced solutions to combat and prevent online information theft, unwanted advertisements, spam, Internet viruses, spyware and related computer threats.

We have developed a Collaborative Internet Security Network (CISN) (also known as “earlyNETWORK”™) which is based on certain technology principles commonly found in a peer-to-peer network infrastructure. A peer-to-peer network does not have the notion of clients or servers, but only equal peer nodes that simultaneously function as both “clients” and “servers” to the other nodes on the network. This means that when a threat is detected from a computer that is part of the CISN, the threat is relayed to our Early Alert Center. The Early Alert Center tests, grades and ranks the threat, automatically generates definition and signature files based on the threat, and relays this information to the Alert Server, in some cases after a human verification step. The Alert Server will relay the information it receives from the Early Alert Center to other machines in the CISN, and each machine that receives the information will, in turn, relay it to other machines that are part of the CISN. This protocol allows us to rapidly distribute alerts and updates regarding potentially damaging viruses, e-mails and other threats to members of the CISN, without regard for the cost of the bandwidth involved. Because cost is not a factor, updates can be continuous, making our approach significantly faster than the client/server protocols used by traditional Internet security companies that provide manual broadcast-updated threat management systems. Computer users join the CISN simply by downloading and installing our software.

Historically, our revenues were derived from subscriptions to our software. We sold one product, CyberDefender Anti-Spyware 2006, at a price of $39.99, which included the initial download and one year of updates. The license to use the software was renewed annually, also at $39.99, with incentives for early renewals. On November 20, 2006 we stopped licensing this product to new subscribers (although we continue to support and upgrade it for existing users). We now offer CyberDefender Early Detection Center and CyberDefender Free 2.0, as well as upgrades to these products. CyberDefender Early Detection Center and CyberDefender Free 2.0 are complete Internet security suites that protect home computer users against spam, spyware, viruses and scams. The software programs are identical but are distributed in one of two ways. If the subscriber chooses the free version (CyberDefender Free 2.0), he will receive the software with advertising banners in it. If the subscriber does not wish to receive the advertising, he may pay to purchase a license for CyberDefender Early Detection Center. The annual licensing fee can be as low as $11.99 or as high as $39.99, depending on the marketing and distribution channels that we use.

Additionally on September 27, 2007, we announced the launch of CyberDefenderULTIMATE™ and CyberDefenderCOMPLETE™. These are enhanced versions of our security software. For an annual fee, CyberDefenderULTIMATE™ provides year round support for any software or hardware connected to a subscriber’s computer while CyberDefenderCOMPLETE™ provides year-round unlimited anti-malware support for a subscriber’s computer with a one time live technical support call. These new security suites also include 2 gigabytes of online backup. These products are sold for $59.95 to $199.95 per year. We also offer a free Internet security toolbar called MyIdentityDefender (“MyID”). MyID is free to use and generates revenue through search advertising.
 
22

 
In the past, we acquired new users primarily with an online direct purchase offer. The offer, to scan a computer for spyware and then pay for removal of the spyware found, was broadcast in emails, banners and search ads. We have now begun partnering with other businesses, such as those providing search engine marketing services and distribution services, for the purpose of generating new users of our software. These new partnerships offer additional avenues for distribution of our products and are mainly revenue sharing partnerships, whereby our partner retains a portion of the revenue for every item sold. This allows us to incrementally increase revenue while not incurring additional marketing and advertising expenses.

The following table summarizes our revenue during each quarter for sales of our products. Sales made during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 include renewals of our CyberDefender Anti-Spyware 2006 product, as well as sales of our CyberDefender Early Detection Center, CyberDefenderULTIMATE™ and CyberDefenderCOMPLETE™ products and advertising revenue derived from our CyberDefender FREE 2.0 and MyIdentityDefender products.

 
 
Revenue
 
Quarter Ended
 
New
 
Renewal
 
March 31, 2007
 
$
67,663
 
$
598,473
 
June 30, 2007
 
$
60,679
 
$
567,764
 
September 30, 2007
 
$
72,982
 
$
471,974
 
December 31, 2007
 
$
71,356
 
$
309,263
 
Fiscal Year 2007 Totals
 
$
272,680
 
$
1,947,474
 
               
March 31, 2008
 
$
129,966
 
$
345,080
 
June 30, 2008
 
$
435,350
 
$
307,512
 
September 30, 2008
 
$
937,953
 
$
264,762
 
Fiscal Year 2008 Totals
 
$
1,503,269
 
$
917,354
 

Typically, a software developer gives away free versions of its software for a limited trial period. Very often, though, a user of free software will not purchase it once the trial period is over. There is no trial period for using our CyberDefender FREE 2.0 software with advertising, however. Once a subscriber downloads the software, it is his to keep and we receive payment from the advertisers. Otherwise, if the subscriber chooses, he may pay for an annual subscription to CyberDefender Early Detection Center without advertising. In this way, we will generate revenues from either the advertiser or the subscriber. This business model allows any computer user to obtain protection against Internet threats, regardless of his ability to pay. We made this change because we believe that the advertising revenue we may receive, in conjunction with the licensing fees we receive, could be substantial. We obtain the ads from ad networks, which are plentiful. Ad networks provide advertising for a website and share advertiser revenue. During the month that the ads are displayed on a subscriber’s computer, revenues will be earned from the ad networks each time an ad is shown (per impression) or when an ad is clicked (per click) or for each action taken by the subscriber after he clicks on the ad and visits to the advertiser’s website (per action).

Furthermore, we began to see that large security software companies, such as McAfee, Symantec and Trend Micro, were offering security suites as opposed to single, stand-alone products. We determined that consumers would come to expect a suite of products that would provide comprehensive protection against Internet threats, rather than having to license several products. We expect to continue to invest in our technology as we develop additional features and functionality in our product.

While we were developing CyberDefender Early Detection Center/CyberDefender FREE 2.0, we slowed down our efforts in marketing our CyberDefender Anti-Spyware 2006 software so that we could devote more of our financial resources to the development of our new product. The expense of turning our business from a marketer of a single software product into a developer of a suite of Internet security products exceeded our revenues. During this period, our new user marketing was restricted to experimental activities. Therefore, as and when we needed cash, we sold our securities. To date, we have received $4,435,000 from the sale of our convertible debt securities, $800,000 from the sale of our 7.41% Notes, $160,000 from the issuance of a note payable to a shareholder and $1,810,000 from the sale of units consisting of our common stock and warrants.
 
23

 
We are continuing to roll-out our CyberDefender Early Detection Center/CyberDefender FREE 2.0, CyberDefenderULTIMATE™ and CyberDefenderCOMPLETE™ product and, to date, revenues we receive from advertising or from those who license the product have not been adequate to support our operations. We currently have enough cash to fund our operations through December 2008. In order to fund our operations beyond that date, we will be required to borrow money or to find other sources of financing. We do not have any commitments for financing at this time and we cannot guarantee that we will be able to find financing when we need it. If we are unable to find financing when we need it we may be required to curtail, or even to cease, our operations.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses for each period. The following represents a summary of our critical accounting policies, defined as those policies that we believe are the most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and that require management’s most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effects of matters that are inherently uncertain.

Revenue recognition. We recognize revenue from the sale of software licenses under the guidance of SOP No. 97-2, “Software Revenue Recognition,” as amended by SOP No. 98-9, “Modification of SOP 97-2, Software Revenue Recognition, With Respect to Certain Transactions” and SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) 104.

Specifically, we recognize revenues from our CyberDefender Anti-Spyware 2006, CyberDefender Early Detection Center, CyberDefenderULTIMATE™ and CyberDefenderCOMPLETE™ products when all of the following conditions for revenue recognition are met:

·  
persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists,

·  
the product or service has been delivered,

·  
the fee is fixed or determinable, and

·  
collection of the resulting receivable is reasonably assured.

We currently sell three products, CyberDefender Early Detection Center (“EDC”) an antivirus and anti spyware software, CyberDefenderULTIMATE™ and CyberDefenderCOMPLETE™, over the Internet. We also offer a backup CD of the EDC software for an additional fee. CyberDefenderCOMPLETE™ offers customers one-time technical support and a license for EDC, while CyberDefenderULTIMATE™ offers customers unlimited technical support for a specified period and a license for EDC. Customers order the product and simultaneously provide their credit card information to us. Upon receipt of authorization from the credit card issuer, we provide technical support if the customer purchased CyberDefenderULTIMATE™ or CyberDefenderCOMPLETE™ and a license allowing the customer to download EDC over the Internet. As part of the sales price, we provide renewable product support and content updates, which are separate components of product licenses and sales. Term licenses allow customers to use our products and receive product support coverage and content updates for a specified period, generally twelve months. We invoice for product support, content updates and term licenses at the beginning of the term. These revenues contain multiple element arrangements where “vendor specific objective evidence” (“VSOE”) may not exist for one or more of the elements. EDC and CyberDefenderULTIMATE™ are in substance a subscription and the entire fee is deferred until the month subsequent to the delivery date of the product and is recognized ratably over the term of the arrangement according to the guidance in SOP 97-2 paragraph 49. Revenue is recognized immediately for the sale of the backup CD and for the portion of the sale of CyberDefenderCOMPLETE™ that relates to the one-time technical support as we believe that all of the elements necessary for revenue recognition have occurred.
 
24

 
We also use third parties to sell our software and therefore we evaluate the criteria of Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Emerging Issues Task Force ("EITF") Issue No. 99-19, Reporting Revenue Gross as a Principal Versus Net as an Agent, in determining whether it is appropriate to record the gross amount of revenue and related costs or the net amount earned as commissions. We are the primary obligor, are subject to inventory risk, have latitude in establishing prices and selecting suppliers, establish product specifications, and have the risk of loss. Accordingly, our revenue is recorded on a gross basis.

We use a third party to process our product sales. We pay a direct acquisition cost to the processor for each completed sale. These direct acquisition costs are deferred and recognized ratably over the term of the arrangement of the associated sale in accordance with FASB Technical Bulletin 90-1, “Accounting for Separately Priced Extended Warranty and Product Maintenance Contracts.” The third party processor refunds any direct acquisition cost paid to it on any credit card chargeback or on any product that is returned. The refunds are matched against the associated chargebacks and product returns.
 
Customers are only permitted to return a product that has been paid for within 30 days from the date of purchase, although we may voluntarily accept returns from a customer past the 30 day period. These returns are charged against the associated sale upon receipt of the return. A chargeback occurs when a customer contacts the third party processor or credit card company directly to request a refund instead of contacting us. The third party processor reduces the amounts due to us as a result of any chargeback during the preceding 30 day period. Our net revenue, including returns and chargebacks for each period, are deferred and recognized ratably over a 12 month period according to our revenue recognition policy.
 
We use a third party processor to bill annual renewal sales. The third party processor is usually notified within 30 days by a customer that the customer no longer wishes to renew the license on our product. As a result, a majority of renewal returns and chargebacks occur within 30 days of the rebilling event. During the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, we did not accrue any sum for product returns or chargebacks. As of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, we had $0 accrued for customer returns and chargebacks, based on historical returns.
 
In November 2006, we launched a new product, CyberDefender FREE 2.0, which is free to the subscriber. Revenues are earned from advertising networks and search engine providers that pay us for displaying the advertiser’s advertisements inside the software and from search results generated by our users. Advertising revenue is recognized when earned.
 
Software Development Costs. We account for software development costs in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 86, “Computer Software to Be Sold, Leased, or Otherwise Marketed.” Such costs are expensed prior to achievement of technological feasibility and thereafter are capitalized. We have had very limited software development costs incurred between the time the software and its related enhancements have reached technological feasibility and its general release to customers. As a result, all software development costs have been charged to product development.
 
25

 
Stock Based Compensation and Fair Value of our Shares. We adopted SFAS No. 123 (Revised 2004), Share Based Payment (“SFAS No. 123R”), under the modified-prospective transition method on January 1, 2006. SFAS No. 123R requires companies to measure and recognize the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value. Share-based compensation recognized under the modified-prospective transition method of SFAS No. 123R includes share-based compensation based on the grant date fair value determined in accordance with the original provisions of SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, for all share-based payments granted prior to and not yet vested as of January 1, 2006 and share-based compensation based on the grant-date fair-value determined in accordance with SFAS No. 123R for all share-based payments granted after January 1, 2006.
 
Contractual Obligations

We are committed under the following contractual obligations:

Contractual Obligations
 
Payments Due By Period
 
   
Total
 
Less than 1 year
 
1 to 3 Years
 
3 to 5 Years
 
Over 5 Years
 
Long-term debt obligations
 
$
2,574,668
 
$
2,483,378
 
$
91,290
 
$
-
 
$
-
 
Capital lease obligations
 
$
59,054
 
$
30,934
 
$
20,241
 
$
7,879
 
$
-
 
Operating lease obligations
 
$
640,471
 
$
129,955
 
$
271,722
 
$
238,795
 
$
-
 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have off-balance sheet arrangements. As part of our ongoing business, we do not participate in transactions that generate relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, often established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes.

Indemnities

During the normal course of business, we have agreed to certain indemnifications. In the future, we may be required to make payments in relation to these commitments. These indemnities include agreements with our officers and directors which may require us to indemnify these individuals for liabilities arising by reason of the fact that they were or are officers or directors. The duration of these indemnities varies and, in certain cases, is indefinite. There is no limit on the maximum potential future payments we could be obligated to make pursuant to these indemnities. We hedge some of the risk associated with these potential obligations by carrying general liability insurance. Historically, we have not been obligated to make any payments for these obligations and no liabilities have been recorded for these indemnities in our financial statements.

Trends, Events and Uncertainties

As described above in the discussion of revenue recognition, we receive payment upon the sale of our products and defer the revenue over the life of the license agreement, which is generally one year. We have disclosed in the table below the total number of licenses sold (net of returns and chargebacks) and gross dollar sales (net of returns and chargebacks) before deferral for the nine months covered by this report.
 
26

 
   
Total # of Licenses
 
% Change
 
Gross Sales $
 
% Change
 
Avg. $ Sale
 
% Change
 
January 2008
   
866
   
-
 
$
33,919
   
-
 
$
39.17
   
-
 
February 2008
   
1,467
   
69%
 
$
64,347
   
90%
 
$
43.86
   
12%
 
March 2008
   
2,441
   
66%
 
$
114,070
   
77%
 
$
46.73
   
7%
 
April 2008
   
4,194
   
72%
 
$
224,745
   
97%
 
$
53.59
   
15%
 
May 2008
   
6,462
   
54%
 
$
351,656
   
56%
 
$
54.42
   
2%
 
June 2008
   
7,260
   
12%
 
$
394,241
   
12%
 
$
54.30
   
-
 
July 2008
   
12,327
   
70%
 
$
711,696
   
81%
 
$
57.73
   
6%
 
August 2008
   
15,914
   
29%
 
$
906,290
   
27%
 
$
56.95
   
(1%)
 
September 2008
   
14,948
   
(6%)
 
$
843,190
   
(7%)
 
$
56.41
   
(1%)
 
Totals/Avg.
   
65,879
       
$
3,644,154
   
 
 
$
55.32
   
 
 

The table above indicates an upward trend in the number of licenses sold and the average dollar sale through August 2008. During the month of September, we experienced some minor problems with our ecommerce platform which caused a temporary interruption in our ability to receive online sales.  This problem was quickly corrected and we have implemented procedures to reduce the likelihood of this occurring in the future, however, it may have negatively impacted our sales for the month. The general upward trend is a result of our focus on promoting our new products that were released in late 2007 and increasing the amount of money spent on advertising, as discussed below. We cannot guarantee that this upward trend will continue, even with increased spending on adverting, or that the margins will remain beneficial to us.

We have disclosed in the table below total dollar sales (net of returns and chargebacks), which included new sales, renewal sales and advertising revenue before deferral for the nine months covered by this report.

           
   
Sales $
 
% Change
 
January 2008
 
$
166,490
   
-
 
February 2008
 
$
177,819
   
7%
 
March 2008
 
$
203,838
   
15%
 
April 2008
 
$
398,635
   
96%
 
May 2008
 
$
504,900
   
27%
 
June 2008
 
$
547,626
   
8%
 
July 2008
 
$
887,643
   
62%
 
August 2008
 
$
1,115,390
   
26%
 
September 2008
 
$
1,009,380
   
(10%)
 
Total
 
$
5,011,720
       


Other trends, events and uncertainties that may impact our liquidity are included in the discussion below.
 
27

 
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008 Compared to Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007

Revenue

Net revenue was $1,202,715 and $2,420,623 for the three month and nine month periods ended September 30, 2008 as compared to net revenue of $544,956 and $1,839,535 for the three month and nine month periods ended September 30, 2007, respectively, an increase of $657,759 and $581,088 respectively or approximately 121% and 32%. This increase in net revenue was due primarily to the increase in new product sales offset by a decrease in the renewal sales of our CyberDefender Anti-Spyware 2006 product. The increase in new product sales is due to the increase in advertising, as described below. Additionally, during the nine month period ended September 30, 2007, our resources were primarily directed toward the development and delivery of our new products.

Operating Expenses

Total operating expenses increased by $3,324,626 and $4,093,398 or approximately 286% and 109%, during the three month and nine month periods ended September 30, 2008, to $4,462,913 and $7,798,653, respectively, as compared to $1,138,287 and $3,705,255 in total operating expenses for the three month and nine month periods ended September 30, 2007. Operating expenses include advertising, product development, selling, general and administrative expense, interest and depreciation. A detailed explanation of the increase in operating expenses is provided in the discussion below.

Advertising

Advertising costs are comprised primarily of media and channel fees, including online advertising and related functional resources. Advertising expenses increased by $2,552,570 and $3,554,186 during the three month and nine month periods ended September 30, 2008 to $2,658,895 and $3,905,961, respectively, as compared to $106,325 and $351,775 in advertising expenses during the three month and nine month periods ended September 30, 2007. This increase was due to the launch of our new products and our decision to use advertising as a customer acquisition strategy. During the nine month periods ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, four vendors accounted for 94% and 47%, respectively, of our advertising expense.

Product Development

Product development expenses are primarily comprised of research and development costs associated with the continued development of our products. Product development expenses increased by $3,355 during the three month period ended September 30, 2008 to $121,710 as compared to $118,355 in product development costs for the three month period ended September 30, 2007. This slight increase is due to the ongoing support and improvement of our existing products. Product development expenses decreased by $72,735 during the nine month period ended September 30, 2008 to $325,571 as compared to $398,306 in product development costs for the nine month period ended September 30, 2007. The decrease during the nine month period was due to the launch of our new products in late 2007.

Selling, General and Administrative

Selling, general and administrative expenses are primarily comprised of executive management salaries, legal and professional fees, rent and salaries of our support staff.

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $784,045 and $658,249 during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2008 to $1,672,480 and $3,537,637 as compared to $888,435 and $2,879,388 in selling, general and administrative expenses incurred during the three month and nine month periods ended September 30, 2007. The increase in the three month period ended September 30, 2008 was primarily attributable to an increase in commissions and outside services, mainly related to public relations and investor relations. The increase in the nine month period ended September 30, 2008 was primarily attributable to an increase in commissions, outside services and stock compensation expense offset by decreases in professional fees, salaries and wages, rent and travel expenses.
 
28

 
Loss on registration rights agreements

Loss on registration rights agreements increased by $146,753 from $69,787 in the nine month period ended September 30, 2007 to $216,540 in the nine month period ended September 30, 2008. The increase occurred because we were not able to timely file a second registration statement in accordance with the terms of a Registration Rights Agreement we signed in conjunction with the offering of our Debentures. As a result, we incurred additional liquidated damages. As of August 19, 2008 we are no longer required to file a second registration statement.

Interest expense

Interest expense decreased by $7,712 from $680,944 in the three month period ended September 30, 2007 to $673,232 and in the three month period ended September 30, 2008 and increased by $56,709 from $1,792,219 in the nine month period ended September 30, 2007 to $1,848,928 in the nine month period ended September 30, 2008. The decreased interest expense during the three month period ended September 30, 2008 was mainly due to a decrease in the amortization of the placement fees on our 7.41% Notes and the issuance of additional warrants to the holders of our Debentures offset by an increase in the amortization of the placement fees on the Debentures as well as placement fees for the conversion of the 7.41% Notes. The increased interest expense during the nine month period ended September 30, 2008 was mainly due to an increase in the interest and amortization of the 7.41% Notes and the interest and amortization of the $160,000 note payable to a shareholder offset by a decrease in the interest and amortization of the Debentures.

Public company costs

We expect to continue to incur professional fees for audit, legal and investor relations services, and for insurance costs as a result of being a public company. We believe that these costs will remain consistent with costs incurred during the current period.

Net Loss

We had a net loss of $(3,933,630) for the three months ended September 30, 2008 as compared to a net loss of $(1,274,275) for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and a net loss of $(7,444,098) for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 as compared to a net loss of $(3,732,941) for the nine months ended September 30, 2007. The increase in net loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 was primarily related to the increase in advertising expense and selling, general and administrative expense as described above offset by an increase in revenue. Basic loss per share for the three months ended September 30, 2008 was $(0.24) as compared to a basic loss per share of $(0.10) for the three months ended September 30, 2007. Basic loss per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 was $(0.49) per share as compared to basic loss per share of $(0.30) per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2007.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

In November 2006 we changed our operating strategy by deciding to introduce a suite of security products instead of just a single product. We also changed the way in which our core product was offered to consumers. Rather than licensing the product and collecting a license fee, we offered consumers a choice. They could download the product for free, so long as advertising by third parties was included in the product. Alternatively, consumers could purchase a license for the product and the product would be free of advertising. Our advertising revenues are earned each time an ad is shown (per impression) or when an ad is clicked (per click) or for each action taken by the consumer after he clicks on the ad and visits the advertiser’s website (per action). This change in our business resulted in a significant decrease in our revenues from 2006 to 2007 since we stopped selling our CyberDefender AntiSpyware 2006 product while we developed and rolled-out our new products. We launched two of our new products in late 2007 and subsequently our revenues have been increasing on a quarterly basis since January 2008, however our expenses still exceed our revenues.
 
29

 
To help with our cash flow during the change in our operations, we sold debt and equity securities. In September 2006 we sold our Debentures in the aggregate principal amount of $3,243,378. According to the terms of the Debentures, we are to make interest payments quarterly on January 1, April 1, July 1 and October 1 until September 2009, when the principal amount and all accrued but unpaid interest will be due. To date, holders of the Debentures have agreed to accept our securities as payment of the interest obligation, in lieu of cash. We failed to make the interest payments that were due on January 1, April 1 and July 1, and October 1 2008, which totaled $282,459. We obtained waivers of these breaches from the holders of the Debentures, who agreed to accept either additional debentures or shares of our common stock as payment.

At September 30, 2008, we had cash and cash equivalents totaling $494,355. In the nine months ended September 30, 2008, cash increased by $257,360. Uses of cash during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 included $578,678 of net cash used in operations.

Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 was primarily the result of our net loss of $(7,444,098). Net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 was adjusted for non-cash items such as amortization of debt discount and deferred financing costs, loss on certain registration rights agreements we signed that resulted from our failure to timely register the securities that were the subject of the agreements, as more fully discussed at Note 6 of our financial statements, depreciation and amortization, shares issued for penalties, interest and services and compensation expense from the issuance of stock options. Other changes in working capital accounts include decreases in accounts receivables, prepaid expenses and deferred processing fees, increases in accounts payable and accrued expenses and deferred revenue as a result of an increase in the sales of our new products. Net cash used in operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2007 was primarily the result of our net loss of $(3,732,941).

Historically, our primary source of operating cash flow is the collection of license fee revenues from our customers and the timing of payments to our vendors and service providers. During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, we did not make any significant changes to our payment terms for our customers, which are generally credit card based.

An increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses provided cash in the amount of $1,964,988. Our operating cash flows, including increases in accounts payable and accrued liabilities, are impacted by the timing of payments to our vendors. We typically pay our vendors and service providers in accordance with invoice terms and conditions. The timing of cash payments in future periods will be impacted by the nature of accounts payable arrangements. In the nine months ended September 30, 2008, we did not make any significant changes to the timing of payments to our vendors, although expenses related to technology development and financing activities caused an increase in this category.

Our working capital deficit at September 30, 2008, defined as current assets minus current liabilities, was approximately $(7.2) million as compared to a working capital deficit of approximately $(1.9) million at December 31, 2007. The decrease in working capital of approximately $5.3 million from December 31, 2007 to September 30, 2008 was primarily attributable to an increase in accounts payable resulting from an increase in advertising spending, an increase in deferred revenue due to the corresponding increase in revenue received that is being deferred over the life of the software licenses, and the reclassification of our Debentures as a current liability based on their due date of September 12, 2009.
 
30

 
We expect to meet our obligations through December 2008. However, we cannot predict whether our evolution from a marketing-focused software publisher to a developer of a suite of Internet security products will be successful or what the effect on our business might be from the competitive environment in which we operate. We continue to manage our operating costs and expect to continue to reduce the rate at which we use cash for operations. We are currently attempting to raise cash through the sale of debt and equity securities although there is no guarantee that we will be successful in doing so. To the extent it becomes necessary to raise additional cash in the future, we will seek to raise it through the sale of debt or equity securities, funding from joint-venture or strategic partners, debt financing or short-term loans, or a combination of the foregoing. We may also seek to satisfy indebtedness without any cash outlay through the private issuance of debt or equity securities. We currently do not have any binding commitments for, or readily available sources of, additional financing. We cannot provide any assurances that we will be able to secure the additional cash or working capital we may require to continue our operations, either now or in the future. If we are unable to secure financing, we may be required to severely curtail, or even to cease, our operations.

Investing Activities

No cash was used in investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2008. We anticipate that we will continue to purchase property and equipment necessary in the normal course of our business. The amount and timing of these purchases and the related cash outflows in future periods is difficult to predict and is dependent on a number of factors, including but not limited to our hiring of employees and the rate of change in computer hardware and software used in our business. Net cash used in investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2007 was used for the purchase of fixed assets.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 was provided to us primarily from the proceeds, in the amount of $1,042,743, that we received from the sale of our securities net of placement fees and $160,000 received from a note payable. These were offset by payments of $189,000 on our 7.41% Notes, repayment of the $160,000 note payable and payments of $17,705 on capital lease obligations. Net cash provided by financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2007 was provided to us primarily from the proceeds, in the amount of $650,000, that we received from the issuance of our 7.41% Notes.

ITEM 3.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide this information.
 
31

 
ITEM 4T.
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Regulations under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 require public companies to maintain “disclosure controls and procedures,” which are defined to mean a company’s controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms.

We conducted an evaluation, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, as of September 30, 2008, to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports filed or submitted by us under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, including to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports filed or submitted by us under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that as of September 30, 2008, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective at the reasonable assurance level due to the material weaknesses described below.

In light of the material weaknesses described below, we performed additional analysis and other post-closing procedures to ensure our financial statements were prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Accordingly, we believe that the financial statements included in this report fairly present, in all material respects, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented.

A material weakness is a control deficiency (within the meaning of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) Auditing Standard No. 5) or combination of control deficiencies, that results in more than a remote likelihood that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected. Management has identified the following three material weaknesses which have caused management to conclude that, as of September 30, 2008, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective at the reasonable assurance level:

1. We do not have written documentation of our internal control policies and procedures. Written documentation of key internal controls over financial reporting is a requirement of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and will be applicable to us for the year ending December 31, 2008. Management evaluated the impact of our failure to have written documentation of our internal controls and procedures on our assessment of our disclosure controls and procedures and has concluded that the control deficiency that resulted represented a material weakness.

2. We do not have sufficient segregation of duties within accounting functions, which is a basic internal control. Due to our size, segregation of all conflicting duties may not always be possible and may not be economically feasible. However, to the extent possible, the initiation of transactions, the custody of assets and the recording of transactions should be performed by separate individuals. Management evaluated the impact of our failure to have segregation of duties on our assessment of our disclosure controls and procedures and has concluded that the control deficiency that resulted represented a material weakness.

3. We have had, and continue to have, a significant number of audit adjustments. Audit adjustments are the result of a failure of the internal controls to prevent or detect misstatements of accounting information. The failure could be due to inadequate design of the internal controls or to a misapplication or override of controls. Management evaluated the impact of our significant number of audit adjustments and has concluded that the control deficiency that resulted represented a material weakness.
 
32


 
To address these material weaknesses, management performed additional analyses and other procedures to ensure that the financial statements included herein fairly present, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented.

Remediation of Material Weaknesses

We have attempted to remediate the material weaknesses in our disclosure controls and procedures identified above by working with our independent registered public accounting firm and refining our internal procedures. To date, we have not been successful in reducing the number of audit adjustments, but will continue our efforts in the coming fiscal year.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

None.

ITEM 1A.
RISK FACTORS

None.
 
ITEM 2.
UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

On October 18, 2007 we began an offering of units. Each unit consisted of 25,000 shares of our common stock and a five year warrant to purchase 18,750 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $1.25 per share. The purchase price is $25,000 per unit. During the three months ended September 30, 2008, we raised $580,500 through this offering by issuing 580,500 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase 435,375 shares of common stock. We relied on section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933 and Regulation D promulgated thereunder to issue the securities inasmuch as the securities were offered and sold without any form of general solicitation or general advertising and the offerees made representations that they were accredited investors.

On July 15, 2008, we entered into a consulting agreement with Frontier Capital Partners L.L.C. (“Frontier”) pursuant to which Frontier agreed to provide investor relations and other business advisory services. The agreement term was 3 months, but the agreement could be terminated by either party upon 5 days written notice. The agreement also includes provisions allowing immediate termination in the event of dissolution, bankruptcy or insolvency and for cause. We agreed to issue to Frontier 125,000 shares of our restricted common stock as compensation for these services. 75,000 of these shares, valued at $81,000, were issued immediately (upon execution of the agreement) and are deemed to be a non-refundable retainer. The remaining 50,000 shares, valued at $63,000, were issued 46 days after execution of the agreement. We relied on section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933 to issue the securities inasmuch as the securities were offered and sold without any form of general solicitation or general advertising.
 
33

 
On August 6, 2008 certain holders of our 7.41% Notes converted their notes plus accrued interest and penalties into 509,648 shares of our common stock and 382,230 warrants. The conversion was executed under a most favored nation provision in the securities purchase agreement and the noteholders converted on the same term as the offering described above. We relied on section 3(9) of the Securities Act of 1933 to issue the securities inasmuch as the notes were exchanged by us with our existing security holders exclusively, and no commission or other remuneration was paid or given directly or indirectly for soliciting the exchange.

In August 2008, certain holders of our Debentures converted $300,000 in principal amount and $15,468 of accrued interest, along with accrued liquidated damages and penalty interest into 315,468 shares of common stock at $1.00 per share and 86,601 warrants to purchase shares of our common stock at $1.25 per share. We relied on section 3(9) of the Securities Act of 1933 for the conversion of the principal and interest, inasmuch as the exchange was made by our existing security holders exclusively, and no commission or other remuneration was paid or given directly or indirectly for soliciting the exchange. We relied on section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933 to issue the securities for the liquidated damages and penalty interest inasmuch as the securities were offered and sold without any form of general solicitation or general advertising and the offerees made representations that they were accredited investors.

In September 2008, we issued $91,290 of additional 10% convertible debentures to holders of our Debentures for payment of accrued interest and liquidated damages. The 10% convertible debentures may be converted to our common stock at the rate of $0.85 per share. We relied on section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933 to issue the securities inasmuch as the securities were offered and sold without any form of general solicitation or general advertising and the offerees made representations that they were accredited investors.

ITEM 3.
DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

According to the terms of our Debentures, we are to make interest payments quarterly on January 1, April 1, July 1 and October 1 until September 2009, when the principal amount and all accrued but unpaid interest will be due. To date, holders of the Debentures have agreed to accept our securities as payment of the interest obligation, in lieu of cash. We failed to make the interest payments that were due on January 1, April 1, July 1, and October 1, 2008, which total $282,459. We obtained waivers of these breaches from the holders of the Debentures and they agreed to accept either additional debentures or our securities as payment. Please see the discussion at Item 5 below.

ITEM 4.
SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS

None.

ITEM 5.
OTHER INFORMATION

On August 19, 2008 we entered into an Amended and Restated Consent and Waiver (the “August Agreement”) with the holders of at least 75% of the outstanding principal amount of our Debentures (the “Debenture Holders”). Pursuant to the August Agreement, the Debenture Holders waived the requirement that we file a second registration statement (as required by the Debentures and the Registration Rights Agreement signed in conjunction therewith) and waived all liquidated damages that accrued after December 19, 2007 as a result of that breach. Although the Debenture Holders did not waive the liquidated damages that accrued prior to December 19, 2007, which totaled $194,602.68, they waived the payment of the interest accrued on the liquidated damages. The August Agreement allows us to pay the liquidated damages, as well as the interest accrued on the Debentures which was to be paid on January 1, 2008, with our securities. Each holder may choose to accept either shares of our common stock having an agreed upon value of $0.85, or a debenture as payment. The debenture accrues interest at the rate of 10% per annum, has a maturity date 18 months from the date of issuance, and may be converted to common stock at the rate of $0.85 per share.
 
34

 
On September 22, 2008 we entered into another Amended and Restated Consent and Waiver (the “September Agreement”) with the Debenture Holders. The September Agreement allows us to pay the interest accrued on the Debentures, which was to be paid on April 1, July 1 and October 1, 2008 as well as accrued late fees with our securities. Each holder of a Debenture may choose to accept either shares of our common stock having an agreed upon value of $0.85 or a debenture. The debenture accrues interest at the rate of 10% per annum, has a maturity date 18 months from the date of issuance, and may be converted to common stock at the rate of $0.85 per share.

All of the shares of common stock that were issued in payment of these obligations and the shares of common stock that may be issued in the future if the debentures are converted have piggy-back registration rights.

ITEM 6.
EXHIBITS
 
     
3.1
 
Articles of Incorporation, as amended (1)
3.2
 
Bylaws (1)
10.1
 
Amended and Restated Consent and Waiver dated as of August 19, 2008*
10.2
 
Amended and Restated Consent and Waiver dated as of September 22, 2008*
31.1
 
Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) (4)*
31.2
 
Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) (4)*
32
 
Certification Pursuant to Section 1350 of Title 18 of the United States Code*
_____________________________________
(1) Incorporated by reference from Form SB-2 File No. 333-138430, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 3, 2006.
*Filed herewith.
 
35

 
SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
     
 
CYBERDEFENDER CORPORATION
 
 
 
 
 
 
  By:   /s/ Gary Guseinov
Date: November 14, 2008
Gary Guseinov, President and
 
Chief Executive Officer
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
  By:   /s/ Michael Barrett
Date: November 14, 2008
Michael Barrett, Chief Financial Officer
   
 
36

 
EX-10.1 2 v132246_ex10-1.htm Unassociated Document
AMENDED AND RESTATED CONSENT AND WAIVER
 
Dated as of August 19, 2008
 
GENERAL RECITALS
 
WHEREAS, this Amended and Restated Consent and Waiver amends and restates in its entirety the Consent and Waiver dated as of February 13, 2008 relating to the subject matter hereof.
 
WHEREAS, the undersigned are the holders of at least 75% (the “75% Holders”) of the outstanding principal amount of the Company’s 10% Secured Convertible Debentures issued on September 12, 2006 (the “Debentures”);
 
WHEREAS, reference is hereby made to the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated September 12, 2006, among the Company and the purchasers of the Debentures signatory thereto (the “Purchasers”), and the warrants to purchase common stock of the Company issued pursuant thereto (the “Warrants”);
 
RECITALS RELATING TO OFFICER LOAN
 
WHEREAS, Section 7(a) of the Debentures prohibits the Company from incurring any additional indebtedness without the written consent of the 75% Holders;
 
WHEREAS, on or about October 1, 2007, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Gary Guseinov, loaned $28,077.75 to the Company (the “Officer Loan”);
 
WHEREAS, the Officer Loan is unsecured, has a maturity date of January 3, 2008 and bears simple interest at the rate of 5% per annum;
 
RECITALS RELATING TO REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT
 
WHEREAS, capitalized terms used but not defined herein have the meanings ascribed to them in the Registration Rights Agreement, dated September 12, 2006, among the Company and the holders of the Debentures (the “RRA”);
 
WHEREAS, the Company was obligated pursuant to the Section 3(c) of the RRA to file a second Registration Statement no less than 30 days after the date the initial Registration Statement filed thereunder was declared effective by the Commission, covering the remaining unregistered Registrable Securities (the “Second Registration Statement”);
 
WHEREAS, the Commission declared the initial Registration Statement effective on July 19, 2007 and the Company has not yet filed the Second Registration Statement;
 
WHEREAS, as of December 19, 2007, the Company has incurred liquidated damages under Section 2(b) of the RRA, for failure to file the Second Registration Statement, in the amount of $194,602.68 (the “Liquidated Damages”);
 
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WHEREAS, the undersigned have agreed to waive the Second Registration Statement entirely and all liquidated damages that would otherwise be owing after December 19, 2007 with respect thereto;
 
WHEREAS, the undersigned 75% Holders wish to direct the Company to pay the Liquidated Damages by issuing to each Purchaser, at each Purchaser’s election, an amount of common stock equal to the amount of such Purchaser’s pro rata portion of Liquidated Damages divided by $0.85 (the “Damages Shares”) or an unsecured debenture, paying interest at the rate of 10% per annum, having a maturity date 18 months from the date of issuance and a conversion price of $0.85 per share, in the principal amount of such Purchaser’s pro rata portion of the Liquidated Damages plus interest from December 19, 2007 until the date of the debenture at the rate of 10% per annum (each, an “Additional Debenture”, collectively, the “Additional Debentures”), substantially in the form in attached Exhibit A in lieu of cash as full and final payment of the Liquidated Damages;
 
RECITAL RELATING TO INTEREST PAYMENT UNDER DEBENTURES
 
WHEREAS, in connection with the Company’s interest payment due on January 1, 2008 under each Debenture (the “January 1 Interest Payment”), the Company and the 75% Holders wish to direct the Company to make the January 1 Interest Payment by issuing to each Purchaser, at each Purchaser’s election, either an amount of common stock equal to the amount of such Purchaser’s January 1 Interest Payment divided by $0.85 (collectively, the “Interest Payment Shares”) or an Additional Debenture in the principal amount of such Purchaser’s January 1 Interest Payment, in lieu of cash as full and final payment of the January 1 Interest Payment;
 
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises set forth above and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the undersigned hereby agree as follows:
 
Section 1.  Consent to Officer Loan. The undersigned 75% Holders hereby waive, for and on behalf of all the holders of Debentures pursuant to Section 9(k) of the Debentures, the prohibition set forth in Section 7(a) of the Debentures, solely for the purpose of consenting to the Company incurring the Officer Loan.  
 
Section 2.  Waiver of Second Registration Statement and Liquidated Damages. The undersigned 75% Holders hereby waive, for and on behalf of all the holders of Debentures pursuant to Section 6(f) of the RRA, (i) the requirement that the Company file the Second Registration Statement, (ii) all liquidated damages that would otherwise be owing under the RRA in respect thereof from and after December 19, 2007, and (iii) all interest that would otherwise be owing in connection with the Company’s failure to timely pay the Liquidated Damages.  
 
Section 3.  Waiver of Event of Default under Section 8(a)(iii) of the Debentures. The undersigned 75% Holders hereby waive, for and on behalf of all the holders of Debentures pursuant to Section 9(k) of the Debentures, the Event of Default under Section 8(a)(iii) of the Debentures occurring as a result of the Company’s failure to file the Second Registration Statement by its Filing Date, failure to obtain effectiveness of the Second Registration Statement by its Effectiveness Date and failure to timely pay the January 1 Interest Payment, the Liquidated Damages and interest thereon; provided that such waiver shall not extinguish the Company’s obligation to pay the Liquidated Damages and the January 1 Interest Payment, as provided herein.
 
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Section 4.  Consent to Issuance of Damages Shares in Lieu of Cash for Liquidated Damages. The undersigned 75% Holders hereby consent, for and on behalf of all the Purchasers, to the Company issuing the Damages Shares, at each Purchaser’s election, to the so electing Purchasers on a pro rata basis as full and final payment of the Liquidated Damages, and hereby accept, for and on behalf of all the so electing Purchasers, the Damages Shares as full and final payment of the Liquidated Damages.
 
Section 5.  Consent to Issuance of Interest Payment Shares in Lieu of Cash for January 1 Interest Payment. The undersigned 75% Holders hereby consent, for and on behalf of all the Purchasers, to the Company issuing the applicable number of Interest Payment Shares, at each Purchaser’s election, to each so electing Purchaser as full and final payment of the January 1 Interest Payment, and hereby accept, for and on behalf of all the so electing Purchasers, the Interest Payment Shares as full and final payment of the January 1 Interest Payment.
 
Section 6.  Consent of 75% Holders to Issuance of Additional Debentures as Payment for Liquidated Damages and January 1 Interest Payment. The 75% Holders hereby waive, for and on behalf of all Purchasers pursuant to Section 9(k) of the Debentures and solely in connection with the possible issuance of Additional Debentures as payment of the Liquidated Damages and the January 1 Interest Payment (to the extent such election is made by each Purchaser), the prohibitions set forth in Sections 7(a) and (b) of the Debentures. The Company shall issue to each so electing Purchaser an Additional Debenture in the principal amount of such Purchaser’s January 1 Interest Payment and applicable portion of the Liquidated Damages in full satisfaction thereof. No additional warrants shall be issued as a result of the issuance of Additional Debentures.
 
Section 7.  Waiver of Anti-Dilution Rights. The undersigned 75% Holders hereby waive, for and on behalf of all the Purchasers pursuant to Section 9(k) of the Debentures and Section 5(l) of the Warrants, solely in connection with the issuance of the Additional Debentures, Damages Shares and the Interest Payment Shares, any adjustment to the Conversion Price (as defined in the Debentures) and the Exercise Price (as defined in the Warrants).
 
Section 8.  Effectiveness. This Consent and Waiver shall be deemed effective when executed and delivered to the Company by (i) the Agent, and (ii) the holders of at least 75% in principal amount of the currently outstanding Debentures.
 
Section 9.   Counterparts. This Consent may be executed in separate original or facsimile counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original instrument and all of which taken together shall constitute a single instrument.
 
Section 10.   Recitals Incorporated. The Recitals of this Consent and Waiver are incorporated herein and made a part hereof.
 
* * * *

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have executed and delivered this Consent and Waiver as of the date first written above.
 
Purchasers:
Signature
Bushido Capital Master Fund, LP
 
By: Ronald S. Dagar
Its: Director
 
/s/ Ronald S. Dagar
BCMF Trustees, LLC
 
By: Ronald S. Dagar
Its: Director
 
/s/ Ronald S. Dagar
Pierce Diversified Strategy Master Fund LLC, Series BUS (6)
 
By: Ronald S. Dagar
Its: Attorney In Fact
 
 
/s/ Ronald S. Dagar
Camofi Master LDC
 
By: Richard Smithline
Its: Director
 
/s/ Richard Smithline
 
4


EXHIBIT A

NEITHER THIS SECURITY NOR THE SECURITIES INTO WHICH THIS SECURITY IS CONVERTIBLE HAVE BEEN REGISTERED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR THE SECURITIES COMMISSION OF ANY STATE IN RELIANCE UPON AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “SECURITIES ACT”), AND, ACCORDINGLY, MAY NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD EXCEPT PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR PURSUANT TO AN AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM, OR IN A TRANSACTION NOT SUBJECT TO, THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS AS EVIDENCED BY A LEGAL OPINION OF COUNSEL TO THE TRANSFEROR TO SUCH EFFECT, THE SUBSTANCE OF WHICH SHALL BE REASONABLY ACCEPTABLE TO THE COMPANY. THIS SECURITY AND THE SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON CONVERSION OF THIS SECURITY MAY BE PLEDGED IN CONNECTION WITH A BONA FIDE MARGIN ACCOUNT OR OTHER LOAN SECURED BY SUCH SECURITIES

Original Issue Date: ______________, 2008
Original Conversion Price (subject to adjustment herein): $0.85

$__________
 

10% CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURE
DUE _________________, 2010 [18 Months from Original Issue Date]
 
THIS 10% CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURE of CyberDefender Corporation, a California corporation, having its principal place of business at 617 W. 7th Street, Suite 401, Los Angeles CA 90017 (the “Company”) (this debenture, the “Debenture” and collectively with the other such series of debentures, the “Debentures”) is issued to the Holder in lieu of cash as full and final payment of [interest due to the Holder, for the fiscal quarter of the Company ended December 31, 2007, under that certain 10% Secured Convertible Debenture due September 12, 2009 in the principal amount of $__________ held by the Holder, and default interest thereon] [liquidated damages due to the Holder in accordance with that certain Amended and Restated Consent and Waiver dated as of August 19, 2008 executed by the holders of at least 75% of the outstanding principal amount of the Debentures].
 
FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the Company promises to pay to _____________ or its registered assigns (the “Holder”), or shall have paid pursuant to the terms hereunder, the principal sum of $_________ by _________________, 2010 (the “Maturity Date”), or such earlier date as this Debenture is required or permitted to be repaid as provided hereunder, and to pay interest to the Holder on the aggregate unconverted and then outstanding principal amount of this Debenture in accordance with the provisions hereof. This Debenture is subject to the following additional provisions:
 
 
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Section 1. Definitions. For the purposes hereof, in addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Debenture, (a) the capitalized terms not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings set forth in the Purchase Agreement and (b) the following terms shall have the following meanings:

Alternate Consideration” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5(e).

Bankruptcy Event” means any of the following events: (a) the Company or any Significant Subsidiary (as such term is defined in Rule 1-02(w) of Regulation S-X) thereof commences a case or other proceeding under any bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment of debt, relief of debtors, dissolution, insolvency or liquidation or similar law of any jurisdiction relating to the Company or any Significant Subsidiary thereof; (b) there is commenced against the Company or any Significant Subsidiary thereof any such case or proceeding that is not dismissed within 60 days after commencement; (c) the Company or any Significant Subsidiary thereof is adjudicated insolvent or bankrupt or any order of relief or other order approving any such case or proceeding is entered; (d) the Company or any Significant Subsidiary thereof suffers any appointment of any custodian or the like for it or any substantial part of its property that is not discharged or stayed within 60 calendar days after such appointment; (e) the Company or any Significant Subsidiary thereof makes a general assignment for the benefit of creditors; (f) the Company or any Significant Subsidiary thereof calls a meeting of its creditors with a view to arranging a composition, adjustment or restructuring of its debts; or (g) the Company or any Significant Subsidiary thereof, by any act or failure to act, expressly indicates its consent to, approval of or acquiescence in any of the foregoing or takes any corporate or other action for the purpose of effecting any of the foregoing.

Base Conversion Price” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5(b).

Business Day” means any day except Saturday, Sunday, any day which shall be a federal legal holiday in the United States or any day on which banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or required by law or other governmental action to close.

Buy-In” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4(d)(v).

Cash Sale Redemption Amount” shall equal the sum of (i) 100% of the principal amount of this Debenture to be prepaid, plus all accrued and unpaid interest thereon, (ii) the principal amount of this Debenture to be prepaid, plus all other accrued and unpaid interest hereon, divided by the Conversion Price on the closing date of the applicable event multiplied by the “Effective Price” (defined below), and (iii) all other amounts, costs, expenses and liquidated damages due in respect of this Debenture. The “Effective Price” shall be the cash consideration paid by the acquirer in such event (less the amount set forth in clause (i) above) divided by the sum of; (x) the issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company then outstanding and (y) the shares of Common Stock into which the outstanding Debentures may be converted on the day immediately preceding the record date fixed for determining the holders of shares of Common Stock eligible to receive a distribution (or if no such date has been fixed, the date of the day immediately preceding the closing of the transaction) and (z) the number of shares deemed issuable to the Warrant holders pursuant to the mandatory redemption provisions in the Warrants which take effect upon sale of assets for cash consideration whether or not any Warrant holder shall have elected to have their Warrants Redeemed; provided, however, that the number of shares of Common Stock issuable on conversion of the Debentures and issuable upon exercise of the Warrants for this purpose shall be determined on a fully converted or exercised basis and ignoring any conversion or exercise limitations therein).
 
 
2

 
 
Change of Control Transaction” means the occurrence after the date hereof of any of (i) an acquisition after the date hereof by an individual or legal entity or “group” (as described in Rule 13d-5(b)(1) promulgated under the Exchange Act) of effective control (whether through legal or beneficial ownership of capital stock of the Company, by contract or otherwise) of in excess of 40% of the voting securities of the Company (other than by means of conversion or exercise of the Debentures and the Securities issued together with the Debentures), or (ii) the Company merges into or consolidates with any other Person, or any Person merges into or consolidates with the Company and, after giving effect to such transaction, the stockholders of the Company immediately prior to such transaction own less than 60% of the aggregate voting power of the Company or the successor entity of such transaction, or (iii) the Company sells or transfers all or substantially all of its assets to another Person and the stockholders of the Company immediately prior to such transaction own less than 60% of the aggregate voting power of the acquiring entity immediately after the transaction, or (iv) a replacement at one time or within a three year period of more than one-half of the members of the Company’s board of directors which is not approved by a majority of those individuals who are members of the board of directors on the date hereof (or by those individuals who are serving as members of the board of directors on any date whose nomination to the board of directors was approved by a majority of the members of the board of directors who are members on the date hereof), or (v) the execution by the Company of an agreement to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound, providing for any of the events set forth in clauses (i) through (iv) above.

Common Stock” means the common stock, no par value per share, of the Company and stock of any other class of securities into which such securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed into.

Conversion Date” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4(a).

Conversion Price” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4(b).

Conversion Shares” means, collectively, the shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of this Debenture in accordance with the terms hereof.

Debenture Register” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2(c).
 
 
3

 
 
Dilutive Issuance” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5(b).

Dilutive Issuance Notice” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5(b).

Equity Conditions” shall mean, during the period in question, (i) the Company shall have duly honored all conversions and redemptions scheduled to occur or occurring by virtue of one or more Notices of Conversion of the Holder, if any, (ii) the Company shall have paid all liquidated damages and other amounts owing to the Holder in respect of this Debenture, (iii) there is an effective registration statement pursuant to which the Holder is permitted to utilize the prospectus thereunder to resell all of the shares issuable pursuant to the Transaction Documents (and the Company believes, in good faith, that such effectiveness will continue uninterrupted for the foreseeable future), (iv) the Common Stock is trading on a Trading Market and all of the shares issuable pursuant to the Transaction Documents are listed for trading on such Trading Market (and the Company believes, in good faith, that trading of the Common Stock on a Trading Market will continue uninterrupted for the foreseeable future), (v) there is a sufficient number of authorized but unissued and otherwise unreserved shares of Common Stock for the issuance of all of the shares issuable pursuant to the Transaction Documents, (vi) there is no existing Event of Default or no existing event which, with the passage of time or the giving of notice, would constitute an Event of Default, (vii) the issuance of the shares in question (or, in the case of an Optional Redemption, the shares issuable upon conversion in full of the Optional Redemption Amount) to the Holder would not violate the limitations set forth in Section 4(c)(i) herein, (viii) there has been no public announcement of a pending or proposed Fundamental Transaction or Change of Control Transaction that has not been consummated and (ix) the Holder is not in possession of any information provided by the Company that constitutes, or may constitute, material non-public information.

Event of Default” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 8.

Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
 
    Forced Conversion” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6(c).

Forced Conversion Date” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6(c).

Forced Conversion Notice” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6(c).

Forced Conversion Notice Date” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6(c).

Fundamental Transaction” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5(e).
 
Interest Conversion Rate” means 85% of the lesser of (i) the average of the VWAPs for the 10 consecutive Trading Days ending on the Trading Day that is immediately prior to the applicable Interest Payment Date or (ii) the average of the VWAPs for the 10 consecutive Trading Days ending on the Trading Day that is immediately prior to the date the applicable Interest Conversion Shares are issued and delivered, if such date is after the Interest Payment Date.
 
 
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Interest Conversion Shares” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2(a).

Interest Notice Period” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2(a).
 
Interest Payment Date” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2(a).

Interest Share Amount” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2(a).

Late Fees” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2(d).

Mandatory Default Amount” means the sum of (i) the greater of (A) 130% of the outstanding principal amount of this Debenture, plus all accrued and unpaid interest hereon, or (B) the outstanding principal amount of this Debenture, plus all accrued and unpaid interest hereon, divided by the Conversion Price on the date the Mandatory Default Amount is either (a) demanded (if demand or notice is required to create an Event of Default) or otherwise due or (b) paid in full, whichever has a lower Conversion Price, multiplied by the VWAP on the date the Mandatory Default Amount is either (x) demanded or otherwise due or (y) paid in full, whichever has a higher VWAP, and (ii) all other amounts, costs, expenses and liquidated damages due in respect of this Debenture.

New York Courts” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 9(d).

Notice of Conversion” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4(a).

Optional Redemption” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6(a).

Optional Redemption Amount” means the sum of (i) 150% of the principal amount of this Debenture,(ii) accrued but unpaid interest then outstanding and (iii) all liquidated damages and other amounts due in respect of the Debenture.

Optional Redemption Date” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6(a).

Optional Redemption Notice” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6(a).

Optional Redemption Notice Date” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6(a).

Original Issue Date” means the date of the first issuance of the Debentures, regardless of any transfers of any Debenture and regardless of the number of instruments which may be issued to evidence such Debentures.
 
 
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Permitted Indebtedness” means (a) the Indebtedness existing on the Original Issue Date and (b) [Intentionally Omitted], and (c) lease obligations and purchase money indebtedness of up to $250,000, in the aggregate, incurred in connection with the acquisition of capital assets and lease obligations with respect to newly acquired or leased assets and (d) indebtedness to a strategic investor in connection with a strategic commercial agreement, to a commercial lender or pursuant to the acquisition of another corporation or entity by the Company, provided that an indebtedness incurred under this clause (d), (i) is expressly subordinate to the Debentures pursuant to a written subordination agreement with the Purchasers that is acceptable to each Purchaser in its sole and absolute discretion and (ii) matures at a date later than the Maturity Date.

Permitted Lien” means the individual and collective reference to the following: (a) Liens for taxes, assessments and other governmental charges or levies not yet due or Liens for taxes, assessments and other governmental charges or levies being contested in good faith and by appropriate proceedings for which adequate reserves (in the good faith judgment of the management of the Company) have been established in accordance with GAAP; (b) Liens imposed by law which were incurred in the ordinary course of the Company’s business, such as carriers’, warehousemen’s and mechanics’ Liens, statutory landlords’ Liens, and other similar Liens arising in the ordinary course of the Company’s business, and which (x) do not individually or in the aggregate materially detract from the value of such property or assets or materially impair the use thereof in the operation of the business of the Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries or (y) are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings, which proceedings have the effect of preventing for the foreseeable future the forfeiture or sale of the property or asset subject to such Lien; (c) Liens incurred in connection with Permitted Indebtedness under clause (a) thereunder; and (d) Liens incurred in connection with Permitted Indebtedness under clause (c) thereunder, provided that such Liens are not secured by assets of the Company or its Subsidiaries other than the assets so acquired or leased.
 
Person” means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.

Purchase Agreement” means the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of September 12, 2006, among the Company and the original Holders as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time in accordance with its terms.

Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

Share Delivery Date” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4(d).

Subsidiary” shall have the meaning set forth in the Purchase Agreement.

Threshold Period” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6(d).
 
 
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Trading Day” means a day on which the principal Trading Market is open for business.

Trading Market” means the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date in question: the American Stock Exchange, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the New York Stock Exchange or the OTC Bulletin Board.

Transaction Documents” shall have the meaning set forth in the Purchase Agreement.

VWAP” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted for trading as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time); (b)  if the OTC Bulletin Board is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on the OTC Bulletin Board; (c) if the Common Stock is not then quoted for trading on the OTC Bulletin Board and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported in the “Pink Sheets” published by Pink Sheets, LLC (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common Stock so reported; or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Holder and reasonably acceptable to the Company.

Section 2. Interest.
 
a)  Payment of Interest in Cash or Kind. The Company shall pay interest to the Holder on the aggregate unconverted and then outstanding principal amount of this Debenture at the rate of 10% per annum, payable quarterly on January 1, April 1, July 1 and October 1, beginning on October 1, 2008, on each Conversion Date (as to that principal amount then being converted), on each Optional Redemption Date (as to that principal amount then being redeemed) and on the Maturity Date (each such date, an “Interest Payment Date”) (if any Interest Payment Date is not a Business Day, then such payment shall be due on the next succeeding Business Day) in cash or duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable shares of Common Stock at the Interest Conversion Rate (the dollar amount to be paid in shares, the “Interest Share Amount”), or a combination thereof; provided, however, that payment in shares of Common Stock may only occur if (i) all of the Equity Conditions have been met (unless waived by the Holder in writing) during the 20 Trading Days immediately prior to the applicable Interest Payment Date (the “Interest Notice Period”) and through and including the date such shares of Common Stock are issued to the Holder, (ii) the Company shall have given the Holder notice in accordance with the notice requirements set forth below, (iii) the aggregate dollar amount of interest payable under all Debentures on the applicable Interest Payment Date is less than 25% of the aggregate trading volume of the Common Stock during the 6 Trading Days immediately prior to the applicable Interest Payment Date multiplied by the Interest Conversion Rate as to such interest payment (by way of an example, if the aggregate amount of interest due under all Debentures on an Interest Payment Date is equal to $225,000 and the trading volume for the 6 Trading Day period prior to the applicable Interest Payment Date was 1,000,000 shares and the Interest Conversion Rate for such Interest Payment Date is equal to $2.50, the Company could make such interest payment in shares of Common Stock (since the $225,000 interest payment is less than $625,000 (1,000,000 x $2.50 = $2,500,000 x 25%)) and (iv) as to such Interest Payment Date, prior to such Interest Notice Period (but not more than 5 Trading Days prior to the commencement of such Interest Notice Period), the Company shall have delivered to the Holder’s account with The Depository Trust Company a number of shares of Common Stock to be applied against such Interest Share Amount equal to the quotient of (x) the applicable Interest Share Amount divided by (y) the then Conversion Price (the “Interest Conversion Shares”).
 
 
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b)  Company’s Election to Pay Interest in Kind. Subject to the terms and conditions herein, the decision whether to pay interest hereunder in cash, shares of Common Stock, or a combination thereof shall be at the discretion of the Company. Prior to the commencement of any Interest Notice Period, the Company shall deliver to the Holder a written notice of its election to pay interest hereunder on the applicable Interest Payment Date either in cash, shares of Common Stock or a combination thereof and the Interest Share Amount as to the applicable Interest Payment Date, provided that the Company may indicate in such notice that the election contained in such notice shall apply to future Interest Payment Dates until revised by a subsequent notice. During any Interest Notice Period, the Company’s election (whether specific to an Interest Payment Date or continuous) shall be irrevocable as to such Interest Payment Date. Subject to the aforementioned conditions, failure to timely deliver such written notice to the Holder shall be deemed an election by the Company to pay the interest on such Interest Payment Date in cash. At any time the Company delivers a notice to the Holder of its election to pay the interest in shares of Common Stock, the Company shall timely file a prospectus supplement pursuant to Rule 424 disclosing such election. The aggregate number of shares of Common Stock otherwise issuable to the Holder on an Interest Payment Date shall be reduced by the number of Interest Conversion Shares previously issued to the Holder in connection with such Interest Payment Date.

c)  Interest Calculations. Interest shall be calculated on the basis of a 360-day year consisting of 12 30-calendar day periods, and shall accrue daily commencing on the Original Issue Date until payment in full of the principal sum, together with all accrued and unpaid interest, liquidated damages and other amounts which may become due hereunder, has been made. Payment of interest in shares of Common Stock (other than the Interest Conversion Shares issued prior to an Interest Notice Period) shall otherwise occur pursuant to Section 4(d)(ii) herein and, solely for purposes of the payment of interest in shares, the Interest Payment Date shall be deemed the Conversion Date. Interest shall cease to accrue with respect to any principal amount converted, provided that the Company actually delivers the Conversion Shares within the time period required by Section 4(d)(ii). Interest hereunder will be paid to the Person in whose name this Debenture is registered on the records of the Company regarding registration and transfers of this Debenture (the “Debenture Register”).
 
 
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d)  Late Fee. All overdue accrued and unpaid interest to be paid hereunder shall entail a late fee at an interest rate equal to the lesser of 18% per annum or the maximum rate permitted by applicable law (“Late Fees”) which shall accrue daily from the date such interest is due hereunder through and including the date of payment in full. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, if on any Interest Payment Date the Company has elected to pay accrued interest in the form of Common Stock but the Company is not permitted to pay accrued interest in Common Stock because it fails to satisfy the conditions for payment in Common Stock set forth in Section 2(a) herein, then, at the option of the Holder, the Company, in lieu of delivering either shares of Common Stock pursuant to this Section 2 or paying the regularly scheduled interest payment in cash, shall deliver, within three Trading Days of each applicable Interest Payment Date, an amount in cash equal to the product of (x) the number of shares of Common Stock otherwise deliverable to the Holder in connection with the payment of interest due on such Interest Payment Date multiplied by (y) the highest VWAP during the period commencing on the Interest Payment Date and ending on the Trading Day prior to the date such payment is made. If any Interest Conversion Shares are issued to the Holder in connection with an Interest Payment Date and are not applied against an Interest Share Amount, then the Holder shall promptly return such excess shares to the Company.
 
e)  Prepayment. Except as otherwise set forth in this Debenture, the Company may not prepay any portion of the principal amount of this Debenture, without the prior written consent of the Holder.

Section 3.  Registration of Transfers and Exchanges.
 
a)  Different Denominations. This Debenture is exchangeable for an equal aggregate principal amount of Debentures of different authorized denominations, as requested by the Holder surrendering the same. No service charge will be payable for such registration of transfer or exchange.
 
b)  Investment Representations. This Debenture has been issued subject to certain investment representations of the original Holder set forth in the Purchase Agreement and may be transferred or exchanged only in compliance with the Purchase Agreement and applicable federal and state securities laws and regulations.

c)  Reliance on Debenture Register. Prior to due presentment for transfer to the Company of this Debenture, the Company and any agent of the Company may treat the Person in whose name this Debenture is duly registered on the Debenture Register as the owner hereof for the purpose of receiving payment as herein provided and for all other purposes, whether or not this Debenture is overdue, and neither the Company nor any such agent shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

 
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Section 4.  Conversion.
 
a)  Voluntary Conversion. At any time after the Original Issue Date until this Debenture is no longer outstanding, this Debenture shall be convertible, in whole or in part, into shares of Common Stock at the option of the Holder, at any time and from time to time (subject to the conversion limitations set forth in Section 4(c) hereof). The Holder shall effect conversions by delivering to the Company a Notice of Conversion, the form of which is attached hereto as Annex A (a “Notice of Conversion”), specifying therein the principal amount of this Debenture to be converted and the date on which such conversion shall be effected (such date, a “Conversion Date”). If no Conversion Date is specified in a Notice of Conversion, the Conversion Date shall be the date that such Notice of Conversion is deemed delivered hereunder. To effect conversions hereunder, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Debenture to the Company unless the entire principal amount of this Debenture plus all accrued and unpaid interest thereon, has been so converted. Conversions hereunder shall have the effect of lowering the outstanding principal amount of this Debenture in an amount equal to the applicable conversion. The Holder and the Company shall maintain records showing the principal amount(s) converted and the date of such conversion(s). The Company may deliver an objection to any Notice of Conversion within 1 Business Day of delivery of such Notice of Conversion. In the event of any dispute or discrepancy, the records of the Holder shall be controlling and determinative in the absence of manifest error. The Holder, and any assignee by acceptance of this Debenture, acknowledge and agree that, by reason of the provisions of this paragraph, following conversion of a portion of this Debenture, the unpaid and unconverted principal amount of this Debenture may be less than the amount stated on the face hereof.
 
b)  Conversion Price. The conversion price in effect on any Conversion Date shall be equal to $0.85 (subject to adjustment herein) (the “Conversion Price”).

c)  Holder’s Restriction on Conversion. The Company shall not effect any conversion of this Debenture, and a Holder shall not have the right to convert any portion of this Debenture, to the extent that after giving effect to the conversion set forth on the applicable Notice of Conversion, such Holder (together with such Holder’s Affiliates, and any other person or entity acting as a group together with such Holder or any of such Holder’s Affiliates) would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below).  For purposes of the foregoing sentence, the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by such Holder and its Affiliates shall include the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of this Debenture with respect to which such determination is being made, but shall exclude the number of shares of Common Stock which are issuable upon (A) conversion of the remaining, unconverted principal amount of this Debenture beneficially owned by such Holder or any of its Affiliates and (B) exercise or conversion of the unexercised or unconverted portion of any other securities of the Company subject to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein (including, without limitation, any other Debentures or the Warrants) beneficially owned by such Holder or any of its Affiliates.  Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this Section 4(c), beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. To the extent that the limitation contained in this Section 4(c) applies, the determination of whether this Debenture is convertible (in relation to other securities owned by such Holder together with any Affiliates) and of which principal amount of this Debenture is convertible shall be in the sole discretion of such Holder, and the submission of a Notice of Conversion shall be deemed to be such Holder’s determination of whether this Debenture may be converted (in relation to other securities owned by such Holder together with any Affiliates) and which principal amount of this Debenture is convertible, in each case subject to such aggregate percentage limitations. To ensure compliance with this restriction, each Holder will be deemed to represent to the Company each time it delivers a Notice of Conversion that such Notice of Conversion has not violated the restrictions set forth in this paragraph and the Company shall have no obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination. In addition, a determination as to any group status as contemplated above shall be determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. For purposes of this Section 4(c), in determining the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock, a Holder may rely on the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock as stated in the most recent of the following: (A) the Company’s most recent Form 10-Q or Form 10-K, as the case may be; (B) a more recent public announcement by the Company; or (C) a more recent notice by the Company or the Company’s transfer agent setting forth the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding.  Upon the written or oral request of a Holder, the Company shall within two Trading Days confirm orally and in writing to such Holder the number of shares of Common Stock then outstanding.  In any case, the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be determined after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Company, including this Debenture, by such Holder or its Affiliates since the date as of which such number of outstanding shares of Common Stock was reported. The “Beneficial Ownership Limitation” shall be 4.99% of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of this Debenture held by the Holder. The Beneficial Ownership Limitation provisions of this Section 4(c) may be waived by such Holder, at the election of such Holder, upon not less than 61 days’ prior notice to the Company, to change the Beneficial Ownership Limitation to 9.99% of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon conversion of this Debenture held by the Holder and the provisions of this Section 4(c) shall continue to apply. Upon such a change by a Holder of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation from such 4.99% limitation to such 9.99% limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation may not be further waived by such Holder. The provisions of this paragraph shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with the terms of this Section 4(c) to correct this paragraph (or any portion hereof) which may be defective or inconsistent with the intended Beneficial Ownership Limitation herein contained or to make changes or supplements necessary or desirable to properly give effect to such limitation. The limitations contained in this paragraph shall apply to a successor holder of this Debenture.
 
 
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d)  
Mechanics of Conversion.
 
i.  Conversion Shares Issuable Upon Conversion of Principal Amount. The number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon a conversion hereunder shall be determined by the quotient obtained by dividing (x) the outstanding principal amount of this Debenture to be converted by (y) the Conversion Price.

ii.  Delivery of Certificate Upon Conversion. Not later than three Trading Days after each Conversion Date (the “Share Delivery Date”), the Company shall deliver, or cause to be delivered, to the Holder (A) a certificate or certificates representing the Conversion Shares which, on or after the Effective Date, shall be free of restrictive legends and trading restrictions (other than those which may then be required by the Purchase Agreement) representing the number of shares of Common Stock being acquired upon the conversion of this Debenture (including, if the Company has given continuous notice pursuant to Section 2(b) for payment of interest in shares of Common Stock at least 20 Trading Days prior to the date on which the Conversion Notice is delivered to the Company, shares of Common Stock representing the payment of accrued interest otherwise determined pursuant to Section 2(a) but assuming that the Interest Payment Period is the 20 Trading Days period immediately prior to the date on which the Conversion Notice is delivered to the Company and excluding for such issuance the condition that the Company deliver Interest Conversion Shares as to such interest payment) and (B) a bank check in the amount of accrued and unpaid interest (if the Company has elected or is required to pay accrued interest in cash). On or after the Effective Date, the Company shall use its best efforts to deliver any certificate or certificates required to be delivered by the Company under this Section 4 electronically through the Depository Trust Company or another established clearing corporation performing similar functions.
 
iii.  Failure to Deliver Certificates. If in the case of any Notice of Conversion such certificate or certificates are not delivered to or as directed by the applicable Holder by the third Trading Day after the Conversion Date, the Holder shall be entitled to elect by written notice to the Company at any time on or before its receipt of such certificate or certificates, to rescind such Conversion, in which event the Company shall promptly return to the Holder any original Debenture delivered to the Company and the Holder shall promptly return the Common Stock certificates representing the principal amount of this Debenture tendered for conversion to the Company.
 
iv.  Obligation Absolute; Partial Liquidated Damages. The Company’s obligations to issue and deliver the Conversion Shares upon conversion of this Debenture in accordance with the terms hereof are absolute and unconditional, irrespective of any action or inaction by the Holder to enforce the same, any waiver or consent with respect to any provision hereof, the recovery of any judgment against any Person or any action to enforce the same, or any setoff, counterclaim, recoupment, limitation or termination, or any breach or alleged breach by the Holder or any other Person of any obligation to the Company or any violation or alleged violation of law by the Holder or any other Person, and irrespective of any other circumstance which might otherwise limit such obligation of the Company to the Holder in connection with the issuance of such Conversion Shares; provided, however, that such delivery shall not operate as a waiver by the Company of any such action the Company may have against the Holder. In the event the Holder of this Debenture shall elect to convert any or all of the outstanding principal amount hereof, the Company may not refuse conversion based on any claim that the Holder or anyone associated or affiliated with the Holder has been engaged in any violation of law, agreement or for any other reason, unless an injunction from a court, on notice to Holder, restraining and or enjoining conversion of all or part of this Debenture shall have been sought and obtained, and the Company posts a surety bond for the benefit of the Holder in the amount of 150% of the outstanding principal amount of this Debenture, which is subject to the injunction, which bond shall remain in effect until the completion of arbitration/litigation of the underlying dispute and the proceeds of which shall be payable to such Holder to the extent it obtains judgment. In the absence of such injunction, the Company shall issue Conversion Shares or, if applicable, cash, upon a properly noticed conversion. If the Company fails for any reason to deliver to the Holder such certificate or certificates pursuant to Section 4(d)(ii) by the third Trading Day after the Conversion Date, the Company shall pay to such Holder, in cash, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, for each $1000 of principal amount being converted, $10 per Trading Day (increasing to $20 per Trading Day on the fifth Trading Day after such liquidated damages begin to accrue) for each Trading Day after such third Trading Day until such certificates are delivered. Nothing herein shall limit a Holder’s right to pursue actual damages or declare an Event of Default pursuant to Section 8 hereof for the Company’s failure to deliver Conversion Shares within the period specified herein and such Holder shall have the right to pursue all remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief. The exercise of any such rights shall not prohibit the Holder from seeking to enforce damages pursuant to any other Section hereof or under applicable law.
 
 
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v.  Compensation for Buy-In on Failure to Timely Deliver Certificates Upon Conversion. In addition to any other rights available to the Holder, if the Company fails for any reason to deliver to the Holder such certificate or certificates by the Share Delivery Date pursuant to Section 4(d)(ii), and if after such Share Delivery Date the Holder is required by its brokerage firm to purchase (in an open market transaction or otherwise), or the Holder’s brokerage firm otherwise purchases, shares of Common Stock to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by such Holder of the Conversion Shares which the Holder was entitled to receive upon the conversion relating to such Share Delivery Date (a “Buy-In”), then the Company shall (A) pay in cash to the Holder (in addition to any other remedies available to or elected by the Holder) the amount by which (x) the Holder’s total purchase price (including any brokerage commissions) for the Common Stock so purchased exceeds (y) the product of (1) the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock that such Holder was entitled to receive from the conversion at issue multiplied by (2) the actual sale price at which the sell order giving rise to such purchase obligation was executed (including any brokerage commissions) and (B) at the option of the Holder, either reissue (if surrendered) this Debenture in a principal amount equal to the principal amount of the attempted conversion or deliver to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock that would have been issued if the Company had timely complied with its delivery requirements under Section 4(d)(ii). For example, if the Holder purchases Common Stock having a total purchase price of $11,000 to cover a Buy-In with respect to an attempted conversion of this Debenture with respect to which the actual sale price of the Conversion Shares (including any brokerage commissions) giving rise to such purchase obligation was a total of $10,000 under clause (A) of the immediately preceding sentence, the Company shall be required to pay the Holder $1,000. The Holder shall provide the Company written notice indicating the amounts payable to the Holder in respect of the Buy-In and, upon request of the Company, evidence of the amount of such loss. Nothing herein shall limit a Holder’s right to pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Company’s failure to timely deliver certificates representing shares of Common Stock upon conversion of this Debenture as required pursuant to the terms hereof.
 
 
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vi.  Reservation of Shares Issuable Upon Conversion. The Company covenants that it will at all times reserve and keep available out of its authorized and unissued shares of Common Stock for the sole purpose of issuance upon conversion of this Debenture and payment of interest on this Debenture, each as herein provided, free from preemptive rights or any other actual contingent purchase rights of Persons other than the Holder (and the other holders of the Debentures), not less than such aggregate number of shares of the Common Stock as shall (subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement) be issuable (taking into account the adjustments and restrictions of Section 5) upon the conversion of the outstanding principal amount of this Debenture and payment of interest hereunder. The Company covenants that all shares of Common Stock that shall be so issuable shall, upon issue, be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.

vii.  Fractional Shares. Upon a conversion hereunder the Company shall not be required to issue stock certificates representing fractions of shares of Common Stock, but may if otherwise permitted, make a cash payment in respect of any final fraction of a share based on the VWAP at such time. If the Company elects not, or is unable, to make such a cash payment, the Holder shall be entitled to receive, in lieu of the final fraction of a share, 1 whole share of Common Stock.
 
 
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viii.  Transfer Taxes. The issuance of certificates for shares of the Common Stock on conversion of this Debenture shall be made without charge to the Holder hereof for any documentary stamp or similar taxes that may be payable in respect of the issue or delivery of such certificates, provided that the Company shall not be required to pay any tax that may be payable in respect of any transfer involved in the issuance and delivery of any such certificate upon conversion in a name other than that of the Holder of this Debenture so converted and the Company shall not be required to issue or deliver such certificates unless or until the person or persons requesting the issuance thereof shall have paid to the Company the amount of such tax or shall have established to the satisfaction of the Company that such tax has been paid.

Section 5. Certain Adjustments.
 
a)  Stock Dividends and Stock Splits. If the Company, at any time while this Debenture is outstanding: (A) pays a stock dividend or otherwise makes a distribution or distributions payable in shares of Common Stock on shares of Common Stock or any Common Stock Equivalents (which, for avoidance of doubt, shall not include any shares of Common Stock issued by the Company upon conversion of, or payment of interest on, this Debenture); (B) subdivides outstanding shares of Common Stock into a larger number of shares; (C) combines (including by way of a reverse stock split) outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares; or (D) issues, in the event of a reclassification of shares of the Common Stock, any shares of capital stock of the Company, then the Conversion Price shall be multiplied by a fraction of which the numerator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding any treasury shares of the Company) outstanding immediately before such event and of which the denominator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event. Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section shall become effective immediately after the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution and shall become effective immediately after the effective date in the case of a subdivision, combination or re-classification.
 
b)  Subsequent Equity Sales. If at any time while this Debenture is outstanding, the Company or any Subsidiary, as applicable, sells or grants any option to purchase or sells or grants any right to reprice its securities, or otherwise disposes of or issues (or announces any sale, grant or any option to purchase or other disposition) any Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents entitling any Person to acquire shares of Common Stock at an effective price per share that is lower than the then Conversion Price (such lower price, the “Base Conversion Price” and such issuances collectively, a “Dilutive Issuance”) (if the holder of the Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents so issued shall at any time, whether by operation of purchase price adjustments, reset provisions, floating conversion, exercise or exchange prices or otherwise, or due to warrants, options or rights per share which are issued in connection with such issuance, be entitled to receive shares of Common Stock at an effective price per share that is lower than the Conversion Price, such issuance shall be deemed to have occurred for less than the Conversion Price on such date of the Dilutive Issuance), then the Conversion Price shall be reduced to equal the Base Conversion Price. Such adjustment shall be made whenever such Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents are issued. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no adjustment will be made under this Section 5(b) in respect of an Exempt Issuance. The Company shall notify the Holder in writing, no later than 1 Business Day following the issuance of any Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents subject to this Section 5(b), indicating therein the applicable issuance price, or applicable reset price, exchange price, conversion price and other pricing terms (such notice, the “Dilutive Issuance Notice”). For purposes of clarification, whether or not the Company provides a Dilutive Issuance Notice pursuant to this Section 5(b), upon the occurrence of any Dilutive Issuance, the Holder is entitled to receive a number of Conversion Shares based upon the Base Conversion Price on or after the date of such Dilutive Issuance, regardless of whether the Holder accurately refers to the Base Conversion Price in the Notice of Conversion.
 
 
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c)  Subsequent Equity Sales Below Market. If at any time while this Debenture is outstanding, the Company or any Subsidiary, as applicable, sells or grants any option to purchase or sells or grants any right to reprice its securities, or otherwise disposes of or issues (or announces any sale, grant or any option to purchase or other disposition) any Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents entitling any Person to acquire shares of Common Stock at an effective price per share that is lower than the VWAP on the date of such issuance and higher than the then Conversion Price (below Conversion Price issuances shall be governed by clause (b) above), then the Conversion Price shall be multiplied by a fraction of which the denominator shall be the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding on the date of such issuance plus the number of additional shares of Common Stock offered for subscription or purchase, and of which the numerator shall be the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding on the date of such issuance plus the number of shares which the aggregate offering price of the total number of shares so offered (assuming delivery to the Company in full of all consideration payable upon exercise of such rights, options or warrants) would purchase at such VWAP. Such adjustment shall be made whenever such issuance occurs, and shall become effective immediately after such issuance.
 
d)  Subsequent Rights Offerings. If the Company, at any time while the Debenture is outstanding, shall issue rights, options or warrants to all holders of Common Stock (and not to Holders) entitling them to subscribe for or purchase shares of Common Stock at a price per share that is lower than the VWAP on the record date referenced below, then the Conversion Price shall be multiplied by a fraction of which the denominator shall be the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding on the date of issuance of such rights or warrants plus the number of additional shares of Common Stock offered for subscription or purchase, and of which the numerator shall be the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding on the date of issuance of such rights or warrants plus the number of shares which the aggregate offering price of the total number of shares so offered (assuming delivery to the Company in full of all consideration payable upon exercise of such rights, options or warrants) would purchase at such VWAP. Such adjustment shall be made whenever such rights or warrants are issued, and shall become effective immediately after the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive such rights, options or warrants.
 
 
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e)  Pro Rata Distributions. If the Company, at any time while this Debenture is outstanding, distributes to all holders of Common Stock (and not to the Holders) evidences of its indebtedness or assets (including cash and cash dividends) or rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any security (other than the Common Stock, which shall be subject to Section 5(b)), then in each such case the Conversion Price shall be adjusted by multiplying such Conversion Price in effect immediately prior to the record date fixed for determination of stockholders entitled to receive such distribution by a fraction of which the denominator shall be the VWAP determined as of the record date mentioned above, and of which the numerator shall be such VWAP on such record date less the then fair market value at such record date of the portion of such assets or evidence of indebtedness so distributed applicable to 1 outstanding share of the Common Stock as determined by the Board of Directors of the Company in good faith. In either case the adjustments shall be described in a statement delivered to the Holder describing the portion of assets or evidences of indebtedness so distributed or such subscription rights applicable to 1 share of Common Stock. Such adjustment shall be made whenever any such distribution is made and shall become effective immediately after the record date mentioned above.
 
f)  Fundamental Transaction. If, at any time while this Debenture is outstanding, (A) the Company effects any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another Person, (B) the Company effects any sale of all or substantially all of its assets in one transaction or a series of related transactions, (C) any tender offer or exchange offer (whether by the Company or another Person) is completed pursuant to which holders of Common Stock are permitted to tender or exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property, or (D) the Company effects any reclassification of the Common Stock or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Common Stock is effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property (in any such case, a “Fundamental Transaction”), then, upon any subsequent conversion of this Debenture, the Holder shall have the right to receive, for each Conversion Share that would have been issuable upon such conversion immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction, the same kind and amount of securities, cash or property as it would have been entitled to receive upon the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction if it had been, immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction, the holder of 1 share of Common Stock (the “Alternate Consideration”). For purposes of any such conversion, the determination of the Conversion Price shall be appropriately adjusted to apply to such Alternate Consideration based on the amount of Alternate Consideration issuable in respect of 1 share of Common Stock in such Fundamental Transaction, and the Company shall apportion the Conversion Price among the Alternate Consideration in a reasonable manner reflecting the relative value of any different components of the Alternate Consideration. If holders of Common Stock are given any choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then the Holder shall be given the same choice as to the Alternate Consideration it receives upon any conversion of this Debenture following such Fundamental Transaction. To the extent necessary to effectuate the foregoing provisions, any successor to the Company or surviving entity in such Fundamental Transaction shall issue to the Holder a new debenture consistent with the foregoing provisions and evidencing the Holder’s right to convert such debenture into Alternate Consideration. The terms of any agreement pursuant to which a Fundamental Transaction is effected shall include terms requiring any such successor or surviving entity to comply with the provisions of this Section 5(e) and insuring that this Debenture (or any such replacement security) will be similarly adjusted upon any subsequent transaction analogous to a Fundamental Transaction.
 
 
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g)  Calculations. All calculations under this Section 5 shall be made to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share, as the case may be. For purposes of this Section 5, the number of shares of Common Stock deemed to be issued and outstanding as of a given date shall be the sum of the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding any treasury shares of the Company) issued and outstanding.

h)  Notice to the Holder.

i.  Adjustment to Conversion Price. Whenever the Conversion Price is adjusted pursuant to any provision of this Section 5, the Company shall promptly mail to each Holder a notice setting forth the Conversion Price after such adjustment and setting forth a brief statement of the facts requiring such adjustment. If the Company issues a variable rate security, despite the prohibition thereon in the Purchase Agreement, the Company shall be deemed to have issued Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents at the lowest possible conversion or exercise price at which such securities may be converted or exercised in the case of a Variable Rate Transaction (as defined in the Purchase Agreement).
 
ii.  Notice to Allow Conversion by Holder. If (A) the Company shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution in whatever form) on the Common Stock, (B) the Company shall declare a special nonrecurring cash dividend on or a redemption of the Common Stock, (C) the Company shall authorize the granting to all holders of the Common Stock of rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any shares of capital stock of any class or of any rights, (D) the approval of any stockholders of the Company shall be required in connection with any reclassification of the Common Stock, any consolidation or merger to which the Company is a party, any sale or transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company, of any compulsory share exchange whereby the Common Stock is converted into other securities, cash or property or (E) the Company shall authorize the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Company, then, in each case, the Company shall cause to be filed at each office or agency maintained for the purpose of conversion of this Debenture, and shall cause to be delivered to the Holder at its last address as it shall appear upon the Debenture Register, at least 20 calendar days prior to the applicable record or effective date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (x) the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution, redemption, rights or warrants, or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of the Common Stock of record to be entitled to such dividend, distributions, redemption, rights or warrants are to be determined or (y) the date on which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange is expected to become effective or close, and the date as of which it is expected that holders of the Common Stock of record shall be entitled to exchange their shares of the Common Stock for securities, cash or other property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange, provided that the failure to deliver such notice or any defect therein or in the delivery thereof shall not affect the validity of the corporate action required to be specified in such notice. The Holder is entitled to convert this Debenture during the 20-day period commencing on the date of such notice through the effective date of the event triggering such notice.
 
 
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Section 6. Redemption and Forced Conversion.

a)  Optional Redemption at Election of Company. Subject to the provisions of this Section 6, at any time after the 12-month anniversary of the Effective Date, the Company may deliver a notice to the Holder (an “Optional Redemption Notice” and the date such notice is deemed delivered hereunder, the “Optional Redemption Notice Date”) of its irrevocable election to redeem some or all of the then outstanding principal amount of this Debenture for cash in an amount equal to the Optional Redemption Amount on the 10th Trading Day following the Optional Redemption Notice Date (such date, the “Optional Redemption Date” and such redemption, the “Optional Redemption”). The Optional Redemption Amount is payable in full on the Optional Redemption Date. The Company may only effect an Optional Redemption if each of the Equity Conditions shall have been met on each Trading Day during the period commencing on the Optional Redemption Notice Date through to the later of (i) the Optional Redemption Date and through and including (ii) the date on which the payment of the Optional Redemption Amount is actually made, each of the Equity Conditions shall have been satisfied. If any of the Equity Conditions shall cease to be satisfied at any time during the 10 Trading Day period, then the Holder may elect to nullify the Optional Redemption Notice by notice to the Company within 3 Trading Days after the first day on which any such Equity Condition has not been met (provided that if, by a provision of the Transaction Documents, the Company is obligated to notify the Holder of the non-existence of an Equity Condition, such notice period shall be extended to the third Trading Day after proper notice from the Company) in which case the Optional Redemption Notice shall be null and void, ab initio.
 
 
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b)  Redemption Procedure. The payment of cash pursuant to an Optional Redemption shall be payable on the Optional Redemption Date. If any portion of the payment pursuant to an Optional Redemption shall not be paid by the Company by the applicable due date, interest shall accrue thereon at an interest rate equal to the lesser of 18% per annum or the maximum rate permitted by applicable law until such amount is paid in full. Notwithstanding anything herein contained to the contrary, if any portion of the Optional Redemption Amount remains unpaid after such date, the Holder may elect, by written notice to the Company given at any time thereafter, to invalidate such Optional Redemption, ab initio, and, with respect to the Company’s failure to honor the Optional Redemption, the Company shall have no further right to exercise such Optional Redemption. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 6, the Company’s determination to redeem in cash under Section 6(a) shall be applied ratably among the Holders of Debentures. The Holder may elect to convert the outstanding principal amount of the Debenture pursuant to Section 4 prior to actual payment in cash for any redemption under this Section 6 by the delivery of a Notice of Conversion to the Company. The Company covenants and agrees that it will honor all Notices of Conversion tendered from the time of delivery of the Optional Redemption Notice through the date all amounts owing thereon are due and paid in full.

c)  Forced Conversion. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if, at any time following the Effective Date, the VWAPs for each of any 20 consecutive Trading Days, which period shall have commenced only after the Effective Date (such period, the “Threshold Period”), exceeds 200% of the then applicable Conversion Price and the daily trading volume for the Common Stock on the principal Trading Market exceeds 250,000 shares (subject to adjustment for forward and reverse stock splits, recapitalizations, stock dividends and the like after the Original Issue Date) on each Trading Day during the Threshold Period, the Company may, within 1 Trading Day after the end of any such Threshold Period, deliver a written notice to the Holder (a “Forced Conversion Notice” and the date such notice is delivered to the Holder, the “Forced Conversion Notice Date”) to cause the Holder to convert all or part of the then outstanding principal amount of Debentures plus, if so specified in the Forced Conversion Notice, accrued but unpaid interest, liquidated damages and other amounts owing to the Holder pursuant to Section 4, it being agreed that the “Conversion Date” for purposes of Section 4 shall be deemed to occur on the third Trading Day following the Forced Conversion Notice Date (such third Trading Day, the “Forced Conversion Date”). The Company may not deliver a Forced Conversion Notice, and any Forced Conversion Notice delivered by the Company shall not be effective, unless each of the Equity Conditions is satisfied on each Trading Day during the 30 consecutive Trading Days immediately preceding the Forced Conversion Notice Date through and including the later of (i) the Forced Conversion Date and (ii) the Trading Day after the date such Conversion Shares pursuant to such conversion are delivered to the Holder. For purposes of clarification, a Forced Conversion shall be subject to all of the provisions of Section 4, including, without limitation, the provision requiring payment of liquidated damages and limitations on conversions.
 
 
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Section 7. Negative Covenants. As long as any portion of this Debenture remains outstanding, unless Purchasers holding at least 75% of the aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding Debentures shall otherwise consent in writing, the Company shall not, and shall not permit any of its Subsidiaries to, directly or indirectly:
 
a)  other than Permitted Indebtedness, enter into, create, incur, assume, guarantee or suffer to exist any indebtedness for borrowed money of any kind, including but not limited to, a guarantee, on or with respect to any of its property or assets now owned or hereafter acquired or any interest therein or any income or profits therefrom;
 
b)  other than Permitted Liens, enter into, create, incur, assume or suffer to exist any Liens of any kind, on or with respect to any of its property or assets now owned or hereafter acquired or any interest therein or any income or profits therefrom;

c)  amend its charter documents, including without limitation, the certificate of incorporation and bylaws, in any manner that materially and adversely affects any rights of the Holder;

d)  repay, repurchase or offer to repay, repurchase or otherwise acquire any shares of its Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents or any other security, including preferred stock, or Indebtedness of the Company that is pari passu with, or junior or subordinate to (unless otherwise permitted pursuant to a written subordination agreement with the Holders) other than as to (a) the Conversion Shares or Warrant Shares as permitted or required under the Transaction Documents and (b) repurchases of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents of departing officers and directors of the Company, provided that such repurchases shall not exceed an aggregate of $100,000 for all officers and directors during the term of this Debenture);

e)   enter into any Fundamental Transaction or Change of Control Transaction without the consent of the Holders of 75% of the outstanding principal amount of the Debentures;

f)  pay cash dividends or distributions on any equity securities of the Company;

g)  enter into any transaction with any Affiliate of the Company which would be required to be disclosed in any public filing with the Commission, unless such transaction is made on an arm’s-length basis and expressly approved by a majority of the disinterested directors of the Company (even if less than a quorum otherwise required for board approval); or

h)  enter into any agreement with respect to any of the foregoing.
 
 
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Section 8. Events of Default.

a)  Event of Default” means, wherever used herein, any of the following events (whatever the reason for such event and whether such event shall be voluntary or involuntary or effected by operation of law or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any court, or any order, rule or regulation of any administrative or governmental body):

i.  any default in the payment of (A) the principal amount of any Debenture or (B) interest, liquidated damages and other amounts owing to a Holder on any Debenture, as and when the same shall become due and payable (whether on a Conversion Date or the Maturity Date or by acceleration or otherwise) which default, solely in the case of an interest payment or other default under clause (B) above, is not cured within 3 Trading Days;
 
ii.  the Company shall fail to observe or perform any other covenant or agreement contained in the Debentures (other than a breach by the Company of its obligations to deliver shares of Common Stock to the Holder upon conversion, which breach is addressed in clause (xi) below) which failure is not cured, if possible to cure, within the earlier to occur of (A) 5 Trading Days after notice of such failure sent by the Holder or by any other Holder and (B) 10 Trading Days after the Company has become or should have become aware of such failure;

iii.  a default or event of default (subject to any grace or cure period provided in the applicable agreement, document or instrument) shall occur under (A) any of the Transaction Documents or (B) any other material agreement, lease, document or instrument to which the Company or any Subsidiary is obligated (and not covered by clause (vi) below);

iv.  any representation or warranty made in this Debenture, any other Transaction Documents, any written statement pursuant hereto or thereto or any other report, financial statement or certificate made or delivered to the Holder or any other Holder shall be untrue or incorrect in any material respect as of the date when made or deemed made;

v.  the Company or any Significant Subsidiary shall be subject to a Bankruptcy Event;
 
vi.  the Company or any Subsidiary with material assets shall default on any of its obligations under any mortgage, credit agreement or other facility, indenture agreement, factoring agreement or other instrument under which there may be issued, or by which there may be secured or evidenced, any indebtedness for borrowed money or money due under any long term leasing or factoring arrangement that (a) involves an obligation greater than $150,000, whether such indebtedness now exists or shall hereafter be created, and (b) results in such indebtedness becoming or being declared due and payable prior to the date on which it would otherwise become due and payable;
 
 
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vii.  the Common Stock shall not be eligible for listing or quotation for trading on a Trading Market and shall not be eligible to resume listing or quotation for trading thereon within five Trading Days;

viii.  the Company shall be a party to any Change of Control Transaction or Fundamental Transaction or shall agree to sell or dispose of all or in excess of 33% of its assets in one transaction or a series of related transactions (whether or not such sale would constitute a Change of Control Transaction);

ix.  [Intentionally Omitted]

x.  [Intentionally Omitted]

xi.  the Company shall fail for any reason to deliver certificates to a Holder prior to the fifth Trading Day after a Conversion Date or any Forced Conversion Date pursuant to Section 4(d) or the Company shall provide at any time notice to the Holder, including by way of public announcement, of the Company’s intention to not honor requests for conversions of any Debentures in accordance with the terms hereof;

xii.  any monetary judgment, writ or similar final process shall be entered or filed against the Company, any Subsidiary or any of their respective property or other assets for more than $50,000, and such judgment, writ or similar final process shall remain unvacated, unbonded or unstayed for a period of 45 calendar days;

xiii.  the Company shall fail to maintain a regular quotation or listing for the Common Stock on the OTC Bulletin Board, one of the Nasdaq stock markets or a national securities exchange in the United States; or

xiv.  the Company fails to register the shares of Common Stock into which this Debenture may be converted as of the Original Issue Date on the next registration statement filed by the Company with the Commission following the Original Issue Date (other than on Form S-4, S-8 or successor forms thereto).

b)  Remedies Upon Event of Default. If any Event of Default occurs, the outstanding principal amount of this Debenture, plus accrued but unpaid interest, liquidated damages and other amounts owing in respect thereof through the date of acceleration, shall become, at the Holder’s election, immediately due and payable in cash at the Mandatory Default Amount. Commencing 5 days after the occurrence of any Event of Default that results in the eventual acceleration of this Debenture, the interest rate on this Debenture shall accrue at an interest rate equal to the lesser of 18% per annum or the maximum rate permitted under applicable law. Upon the payment in full of the Mandatory Default Amount, the Holder shall promptly surrender this Debenture to or as directed by the Company. In connection with such acceleration described herein, the Holder need not provide, and the Company hereby waives, any presentment, demand, protest or other notice of any kind, and the Holder may immediately and without expiration of any grace period enforce any and all of its rights and remedies hereunder and all other remedies available to it under applicable law. Such acceleration may be rescinded and annulled by Holder at any time prior to payment hereunder and the Holder shall have all rights as a holder of the Debenture until such time, if any, as the Holder receives full payment pursuant to this Section 8(b). No such rescission or annulment shall affect any subsequent Event of Default or impair any right consequent thereon.
 
 
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c)  Redemption at Election of Holder. If the Company shall agree to sell substantially all of its assets in one or more transactions in which the consideration consists solely of cash, cash equivalents, assumption of indebtedness, or any combination thereof, the Holder shall have the right to require the Company, by written notice to the Company, to redeem this Debenture, in full and in cash, at the closing of such Change of Control Transaction, Fundamental Transaction or sale of assets. The aggregate amount payable upon such Change of Control Transaction, Fundamental Transaction or sale of assets shall be equal to the Cash Sale Redemption Amount. In the event that the Company fails to pay the Cash Sale Redemption Amount on or prior to the applicable closing date, the interest rate on this Debenture shall accrue at the rate of 18% per annum, or such lower maximum amount of interest permitted to be charged under applicable law, until the Cash Sale Redemption Amount is paid in full. Concurrently with the payment in full of the Cash Sale Redemption Amount, the Holder shall surrender this Debenture to or as directed by the Company (or the successor company). The Holder may elect to convert the outstanding principal amount of the Debenture pursuant to Section 4 prior to actual payment in cash for the redemption under this Section 6 by fax delivery of a Notice of Conversion to the Company.

Section 9. Miscellaneous.
 
a)  Notices. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Holder hereunder, including, without limitation, any Notice of Conversion, shall be in writing and delivered personally, by facsimile, or sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service, addressed to the Company, at the address set forth above, facsimile number (213) 947-1914, Attn: Gary Guseinov or such other facsimile number or address as the Company may specify for such purpose by notice to the Holder delivered in accordance with this Section 9. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Company hereunder shall be in writing and delivered personally, by facsimile, or sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service addressed to each Holder at the facsimile number or address of such Holder appearing on the books of the Company, or if no such facsimile number or address appears, at the principal place of business of the Holder. Any notice or other communication or deliveries hereunder shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of (i) the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via facsimile at the facsimile number specified in this Section 9 prior to 5:30 p.m. (New York City time), (ii) the date immediately following the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via facsimile at the facsimile number specified in this Section 9 between 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) and 11:59 p.m. (New York City time) on any date, (iii) the second Business Day following the date of mailing, if sent by nationally recognized overnight courier service, or (iv) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given.
 
 
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b)  Absolute Obligation. Except as expressly provided herein, no provision of this Debenture shall alter or impair the obligation of the Company, which is absolute and unconditional, to pay the principal of, liquidated damages and accrued interest, as applicable, on this Debenture at the time, place, and rate, and in the coin or currency, herein prescribed. This Debenture is a direct debt obligation of the Company. This Debenture ranks pari passu with all other Debentures now or hereafter issued under the terms set forth herein. 
 
c)  Lost or Mutilated Debenture. If this Debenture shall be mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed, the Company shall execute and deliver, in exchange and substitution for and upon cancellation of a mutilated Debenture, or in lieu of or in substitution for a lost, stolen or destroyed Debenture, a new Debenture for the principal amount of this Debenture so mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed, but only upon receipt of evidence of such loss, theft or destruction of such Debenture, and of the ownership hereof, reasonably satisfactory to the Company.

d)  Governing Law. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Debenture shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflict of laws thereof. Each party agrees that all legal proceedings concerning the interpretation, enforcement and defense of the transactions contemplated by any of the Transaction Documents (whether brought against a party hereto or its respective Affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders, employees or agents) shall be commenced in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan (the “New York Courts”). Each party hereto hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the New York Courts for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein (including with respect to the enforcement of any of the Transaction Documents), and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of such New York Courts, or such New York Courts are improper or inconvenient venue for such proceeding. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Debenture and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by applicable law. Each party hereto hereby irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any and all right to trial by jury in any legal proceeding arising out of or relating to this Debenture or the transactions contemplated hereby. If either party shall commence an action or proceeding to enforce any provisions of this Debenture, then the prevailing party in such action or proceeding shall be reimbursed by the other party for its attorneys fees and other costs and expenses incurred in the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such action or proceeding.
 
 
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e)  Waiver. Any waiver by the Company or the Holder of a breach of any provision of this Debenture shall not operate as or be construed to be a waiver of any other breach of such provision or of any breach of any other provision of this Debenture. The failure of the Company or the Holder to insist upon strict adherence to any term of this Debenture on one or more occasions shall not be considered a waiver or deprive that party of the right thereafter to insist upon strict adherence to that term or any other term of this Debenture. Any waiver by the Company or the Holder must be in writing.
 
f)  Severability. If any provision of this Debenture is invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the balance of this Debenture shall remain in effect, and if any provision is inapplicable to any Person or circumstance, it shall nevertheless remain applicable to all other Persons and circumstances. If it shall be found that any interest or other amount deemed interest due hereunder violates the applicable law governing usury, the applicable rate of interest due hereunder shall automatically be lowered to equal the maximum rate of interest permitted under applicable law. The Company covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it shall not at any time insist upon, plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any stay, extension or usury law or other law which would prohibit or forgive the Company from paying all or any portion of the principal of or interest on this Debenture as contemplated herein, wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, or which may affect the covenants or the performance of this indenture, and the Company (to the extent it may lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefits or advantage of any such law, and covenants that it will not, by resort to any such law, hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the Holder, but will suffer and permit the execution of every such as though no such law has been enacted.
 
g)  Next Business Day. Whenever any payment or other obligation hereunder shall be due on a day other than a Business Day, such payment shall be made on the next succeeding Business Day.

h)  Headings. The headings contained herein are for convenience only, do not constitute a part of this Debenture and shall not be deemed to limit or affect any of the provisions hereof.

i)  Assumption.  Any successor to the Company or any surviving entity in a Fundamental Transaction shall (i) assume, prior to such Fundamental Transaction, all of the obligations of the Company under this Debenture and the other Transaction Documents pursuant to written agreements in form and substance satisfactory to the Holder (such approval not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed) and (ii) issue to the Holder a new debenture of such successor entity evidenced by a written instrument substantially similar in form and substance to this Debenture, including, without limitation, having a principal amount and interest rate equal to the principal amount and the interest rate of this Debenture and having similar ranking to this Debenture, which shall be satisfactory to the Holder (any such approval not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed).  The provisions of this Section 9(i) shall apply similarly and equally to successive Fundamental Transactions and shall be applied without regard to any limitations of this Debenture.
 
j)  Amendment. This Debenture may be modified or amended or provisions hereof waived with the written consent of the Company, the Agent, the Holder and the Holder(s) of at least 75% of the then outstanding principal amount of all of the Debentures.

*********************
 
 
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Debenture to be duly executed by a duly authorized officer as of the date first above indicated.
 
     
  CYBERDEFENDER CORPORATION
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:   /s/ 
 
Name: Gary Guseinov
 
Title: Chief Executive Officer

 
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ANNEX A

NOTICE OF CONVERSION
 
The undersigned hereby elects to convert principal under the 10% Convertible Debenture of CyberDefender Corporation, a California corporation (the “Company”), due on _________________, 2010, into shares of common stock, no par value per share (the “Common Stock”), of the Company according to the conditions hereof, as of the date written below. If shares of Common Stock are to be issued in the name of a person other than the undersigned, the undersigned will pay all transfer taxes payable with respect thereto and is delivering herewith such certificates and opinions as reasonably requested by the Company in accordance therewith. No fee will be charged to the holder for any conversion, except for such transfer taxes, if any.

By the delivery of this Notice of Conversion the undersigned represents and warrants to the Company that its ownership of the Common Stock does not exceed the amounts specified under Section 4 of this Debenture, as determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act, specified under Section 4 of this Debenture.

The undersigned agrees to comply with the prospectus delivery requirements under the applicable securities laws in connection with any transfer of the aforesaid shares of Common Stock.

Conversion calculations: 

 
Date to Effect Conversion:
   
 
Principal Amount of Debenture to be Converted:
   
 
Payment of Interest in Common Stock __ yes __ no
 
If yes, $_____ of Interest Accrued on Account of Conversion at Issue.
   
 
Number of shares of Common Stock to be issued:
   
   
 
Signature:
   
 
Name:
   
 
Address:
   
  
 
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Schedule 1

CONVERSION SCHEDULE

The 10% Convertible Debentures due on _________________, 2010, in the aggregate principal amount of $__________ issued by CyberDefender Corporation. This Conversion Schedule reflects conversions made under Section 4 of the above referenced Debenture.

Dated:
 
 
Date of Conversion
(or for first entry, Original Issue Date)
 
Amount of Conversion
 
Aggregate Principal Amount Remaining Subsequent to Conversion
(or original Principal Amount)
 
Company Attest
       
       
 
 
 
     
       
       
       
       
       
       

 
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EX-10.2 3 v132246_ex10-2.htm Unassociated Document
CONSENT AND WAIVER
 
Dated as of September 22, 2008
 
GENERAL RECITALS
 
WHEREAS, the undersigned are the holders of at least 75% (the “75% Holders”) of the outstanding principal amount of the Company’s 10% Secured Convertible Debentures issued on September 12, 2006 (the “Debentures”);
 
WHEREAS, reference is hereby made to the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated September 12, 2006, among the Company and the purchasers of the Debentures signatory thereto (the “Purchasers”), and the warrants to purchase common stock of the Company issued pursuant thereto (the “Warrants”);
 
RECITAL RELATING TO INTEREST PAYMENTS UNDER DEBENTURES
 
WHEREAS, in connection with the Company’s interest payments due on April 1, July 1 and October 1, 2008 under each Debenture (the “Interest Payments”), the Company and the 75% Holders wish to direct the Company to make the Interest Payments by issuing to each Purchaser, at each Purchaser’s election, either an amount of common stock equal to the amount of such Purchaser’s Interest Payments plus the late fee applicable thereto as provided in the first sentence of Section 2(d) of the Debentures (the “Late Fee”) divided by $0.85 (collectively, the “Interest Payment Shares”) or an unsecured debenture accruing interest at the rate of 10% per annum, having a maturity date 18 months from the date of issuance and a conversion price of $0.85 per share, in the principal amount of such Purchaser’s Interest Payments plus the applicable Late Fee (each, an “Additional Debenture”, collectively, the “Additional Debentures”), substantially in the form of Exhibit A attached hereto, in lieu of cash as full and final payment of the Interest Payments and the Late Fee;
 
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises set forth above and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the undersigned hereby agree as follows:
 
Section 1.  Waiver of Event of Default under Section 8(a)(iii) of the Debentures. The undersigned 75% Holders hereby waive, for and on behalf of all the holders of Debentures pursuant to Section 9(k) of the Debentures, the Event of Default under Section 8(a)(iii) of the Debentures occurring as a result of the Company’s failure to timely pay the Interest Payments and the Late Fee; provided that such waiver shall not extinguish the Company’s obligation to pay the Interest Payments and the Late Fee, as provided herein.
 
Section 2.  Consent to Issuance of Interest Payment Shares in Lieu of Cash for Interest Payments. The undersigned 75% Holders hereby consent, for and on behalf of all the Purchasers, to the Company issuing the applicable number of Interest Payment Shares, at each Purchaser’s election, to each so electing Purchaser as full and final payment of the Interest Payments and the Late Fee, and hereby accept, for and on behalf of all the so electing Purchasers, the Interest Payment Shares as full and final payment of the Interest Payments and the Late Fee.
 

 
Section 3.  Waiver Relating to Issuance of Additional Debentures as Payment for Interest Payments. The 75% Holders hereby waive, for and on behalf of all Purchasers pursuant to Section 9(k) of the Debentures and solely in connection with the possible issuance of Additional Debentures as payment of the Interest Payments and the Late Fee (to the extent such election is made by each Purchaser), the prohibitions set forth in Sections 7(a) and (b) of the Debentures. The Company shall issue to each so electing Purchaser an Additional Debenture in the principal amount of such Purchaser’s Interest Payments plus the Late Fee applicable thereto. No additional warrants shall be issued as a result of the issuance of the Additional Debentures.
 
Section 4.  Waiver of Anti-Dilution Rights. The undersigned 75% Holders hereby waive, for and on behalf of all the Purchasers pursuant to Section 9(k) of the Debentures and Section 5(l) of the Warrants, solely in connection with the issuance of the Interest Payment Shares and the Additional Debentures, any adjustment to the Conversion Price (as defined in the Debentures) and the Exercise Price (as defined in the Warrants).
 
Section 5.  Registration Rights. Any Interest Payment Shares and shares into which any Additional Debentures issued to any Purchaser may be converted, whether issued pursuant to this or any prior or future Consent and Waiver applicable to the Purchasers (collectively, the “Consent and Waiver Shares”), shall be entitled to “piggy-back” registration rights in the next registration statement filed by the Company with the Securities Exchange Commission (other than on Form S-4, S-8 or successor forms thereto). The holders of at least 66% of the Consent and Waiver Shares shall have the right to waive this provision for and on behalf of all holders of the Consent and Waiver Shares.
 
Section 6.  Effectiveness. This Consent and Waiver shall be deemed effective when executed and delivered to the Company by (i) the Agent, and (ii) the holders of at least 75% in principal amount of the currently outstanding Debentures.
 
Section 7.   Counterparts. This Consent may be executed in separate original or facsimile counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original instrument and all of which taken together shall constitute a single instrument.
 
Section 8.   Recitals Incorporated. The Recitals of this Consent and Waiver are incorporated herein and made a part hereof.
 
* * * *

2


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have executed and delivered this Consent and Waiver as of the date first written above.
 
Purchasers:
Signature
Bushido Capital Master Fund, LP
 
By: Ronald S. Dagar
Its: Director
 
/s/ Ronald S. Dagar
BCMF Trustees, LLC
 
By: Ronald S. Dagar
Its: Director
 
/s/ Ronald S. Dagar
Pierce Diversified Strategy Master Fund LLC, Series BUS (6)
 
By: Ronald S. Dagar
Its: Attorney In Fact
 
 
/s/ Ronald S. Dagar
Camofi Master LDC
 
By:
Its:
 
 
/s/ Richard Smithline



EXHIBIT A

NEITHER THIS SECURITY NOR THE SECURITIES INTO WHICH THIS SECURITY IS CONVERTIBLE HAVE BEEN REGISTERED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR THE SECURITIES COMMISSION OF ANY STATE IN RELIANCE UPON AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “SECURITIES ACT”), AND, ACCORDINGLY, MAY NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD EXCEPT PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR PURSUANT TO AN AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM, OR IN A TRANSACTION NOT SUBJECT TO, THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS AS EVIDENCED BY A LEGAL OPINION OF COUNSEL TO THE TRANSFEROR TO SUCH EFFECT, THE SUBSTANCE OF WHICH SHALL BE REASONABLY ACCEPTABLE TO THE COMPANY. THIS SECURITY AND THE SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON CONVERSION OF THIS SECURITY MAY BE PLEDGED IN CONNECTION WITH A BONA FIDE MARGIN ACCOUNT OR OTHER LOAN SECURED BY SUCH SECURITIES

Original Issue Date: ______________, 2008
Original Conversion Price (subject to adjustment herein): $0.85

$__________
 
10% CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURE
DUE _________________, 2010 [18 Months from Original Issue Date]
 
THIS 10% CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURE of CyberDefender Corporation, a California corporation, having its principal place of business at 617 W. 7th Street, Suite 401, Los Angeles CA 90017 (the “Company”) (this debenture, the “Debenture” and collectively with the other such series of debentures, the “Debentures”) is issued to the Holder in lieu of cash as full and final payment of interest due to the Holder, for the fiscal quarters of the Company ended March 31, June 30 and September 30, 2008, under that certain 10% Secured Convertible Debenture due September 12, 2009 in the principal amount of $__________ held by the Holder, and default interest thereon.
 
FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the Company promises to pay to _____________ or its registered assigns (the “Holder”), or shall have paid pursuant to the terms hereunder, the principal sum of $_________ by _________________, 2010 (the “Maturity Date”), or such earlier date as this Debenture is required or permitted to be repaid as provided hereunder, and to pay interest to the Holder on the aggregate unconverted and then outstanding principal amount of this Debenture in accordance with the provisions hereof. This Debenture is subject to the following additional provisions:
 
 
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Section 1. Definitions. For the purposes hereof, in addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Debenture, (a) the capitalized terms not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings set forth in the Purchase Agreement and (b) the following terms shall have the following meanings:

Alternate Consideration” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5(e).

Bankruptcy Event” means any of the following events: (a) the Company or any Significant Subsidiary (as such term is defined in Rule 1-02(w) of Regulation S-X) thereof commences a case or other proceeding under any bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment of debt, relief of debtors, dissolution, insolvency or liquidation or similar law of any jurisdiction relating to the Company or any Significant Subsidiary thereof; (b) there is commenced against the Company or any Significant Subsidiary thereof any such case or proceeding that is not dismissed within 60 days after commencement; (c) the Company or any Significant Subsidiary thereof is adjudicated insolvent or bankrupt or any order of relief or other order approving any such case or proceeding is entered; (d) the Company or any Significant Subsidiary thereof suffers any appointment of any custodian or the like for it or any substantial part of its property that is not discharged or stayed within 60 calendar days after such appointment; (e) the Company or any Significant Subsidiary thereof makes a general assignment for the benefit of creditors; (f) the Company or any Significant Subsidiary thereof calls a meeting of its creditors with a view to arranging a composition, adjustment or restructuring of its debts; or (g) the Company or any Significant Subsidiary thereof, by any act or failure to act, expressly indicates its consent to, approval of or acquiescence in any of the foregoing or takes any corporate or other action for the purpose of effecting any of the foregoing.

Base Conversion Price” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5(b).

Business Day” means any day except Saturday, Sunday, any day which shall be a federal legal holiday in the United States or any day on which banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or required by law or other governmental action to close.

Buy-In” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4(d)(v).

Cash Sale Redemption Amount” shall equal the sum of (i) 100% of the principal amount of this Debenture to be prepaid, plus all accrued and unpaid interest thereon, (ii) the principal amount of this Debenture to be prepaid, plus all other accrued and unpaid interest hereon, divided by the Conversion Price on the closing date of the applicable event multiplied by the “Effective Price” (defined below), and (iii) all other amounts, costs, expenses and liquidated damages due in respect of this Debenture. The “Effective Price” shall be the cash consideration paid by the acquirer in such event (less the amount set forth in clause (i) above) divided by the sum of; (x) the issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company then outstanding and (y) the shares of Common Stock into which the outstanding Debentures may be converted on the day immediately preceding the record date fixed for determining the holders of shares of Common Stock eligible to receive a distribution (or if no such date has been fixed, the date of the day immediately preceding the closing of the transaction) and (z) the number of shares deemed issuable to the Warrant holders pursuant to the mandatory redemption provisions in the Warrants which take effect upon sale of assets for cash consideration whether or not any Warrant holder shall have elected to have their Warrants Redeemed; provided, however, that the number of shares of Common Stock issuable on conversion of the Debentures and issuable upon exercise of the Warrants for this purpose shall be determined on a fully converted or exercised basis and ignoring any conversion or exercise limitations therein).
 
 
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Change of Control Transaction” means the occurrence after the date hereof of any of (i) an acquisition after the date hereof by an individual or legal entity or “group” (as described in Rule 13d-5(b)(1) promulgated under the Exchange Act) of effective control (whether through legal or beneficial ownership of capital stock of the Company, by contract or otherwise) of in excess of 40% of the voting securities of the Company (other than by means of conversion or exercise of the Debentures and the Securities issued together with the Debentures), or (ii) the Company merges into or consolidates with any other Person, or any Person merges into or consolidates with the Company and, after giving effect to such transaction, the stockholders of the Company immediately prior to such transaction own less than 60% of the aggregate voting power of the Company or the successor entity of such transaction, or (iii) the Company sells or transfers all or substantially all of its assets to another Person and the stockholders of the Company immediately prior to such transaction own less than 60% of the aggregate voting power of the acquiring entity immediately after the transaction, or (iv) a replacement at one time or within a three year period of more than one-half of the members of the Company’s board of directors which is not approved by a majority of those individuals who are members of the board of directors on the date hereof (or by those individuals who are serving as members of the board of directors on any date whose nomination to the board of directors was approved by a majority of the members of the board of directors who are members on the date hereof), or (v) the execution by the Company of an agreement to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound, providing for any of the events set forth in clauses (i) through (iv) above.

Common Stock” means the common stock, no par value per share, of the Company and stock of any other class of securities into which such securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed into.

Conversion Date” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4(a).

Conversion Price” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4(b).

Conversion Shares” means, collectively, the shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of this Debenture in accordance with the terms hereof.

Debenture Register” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2(c).
 
 
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Dilutive Issuance” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5(b).

Dilutive Issuance Notice” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5(b).

Equity Conditions” shall mean, during the period in question, (i) the Company shall have duly honored all conversions and redemptions scheduled to occur or occurring by virtue of one or more Notices of Conversion of the Holder, if any, (ii) the Company shall have paid all liquidated damages and other amounts owing to the Holder in respect of this Debenture, (iii) there is an effective registration statement pursuant to which the Holder is permitted to utilize the prospectus thereunder to resell all of the shares issuable pursuant to the Transaction Documents (and the Company believes, in good faith, that such effectiveness will continue uninterrupted for the foreseeable future), (iv) the Common Stock is trading on a Trading Market and all of the shares issuable pursuant to the Transaction Documents are listed for trading on such Trading Market (and the Company believes, in good faith, that trading of the Common Stock on a Trading Market will continue uninterrupted for the foreseeable future), (v) there is a sufficient number of authorized but unissued and otherwise unreserved shares of Common Stock for the issuance of all of the shares issuable pursuant to the Transaction Documents, (vi) there is no existing Event of Default or no existing event which, with the passage of time or the giving of notice, would constitute an Event of Default, (vii) the issuance of the shares in question (or, in the case of an Optional Redemption, the shares issuable upon conversion in full of the Optional Redemption Amount) to the Holder would not violate the limitations set forth in Section 4(c)(i) herein, (viii) there has been no public announcement of a pending or proposed Fundamental Transaction or Change of Control Transaction that has not been consummated and (ix) the Holder is not in possession of any information provided by the Company that constitutes, or may constitute, material non-public information.

Event of Default” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 8.

Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
 
Forced Conversion” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6(c).

Forced Conversion Date” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6(c).

Forced Conversion Notice” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6(c).

Forced Conversion Notice Date” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6(c).

Fundamental Transaction” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5(e).
 
Interest Conversion Rate” means 85% of the lesser of (i) the average of the VWAPs for the 10 consecutive Trading Days ending on the Trading Day that is immediately prior to the applicable Interest Payment Date or (ii) the average of the VWAPs for the 10 consecutive Trading Days ending on the Trading Day that is immediately prior to the date the applicable Interest Conversion Shares are issued and delivered, if such date is after the Interest Payment Date.
 
 
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Interest Conversion Shares” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2(a).

Interest Notice Period” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2(a).
 
Interest Payment Date” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2(a).

Interest Share Amount” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2(a).

Late Fees” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2(d).

Mandatory Default Amount” means the sum of (i) the greater of (A) 130% of the outstanding principal amount of this Debenture, plus all accrued and unpaid interest hereon, or (B) the outstanding principal amount of this Debenture, plus all accrued and unpaid interest hereon, divided by the Conversion Price on the date the Mandatory Default Amount is either (a) demanded (if demand or notice is required to create an Event of Default) or otherwise due or (b) paid in full, whichever has a lower Conversion Price, multiplied by the VWAP on the date the Mandatory Default Amount is either (x) demanded or otherwise due or (y) paid in full, whichever has a higher VWAP, and (ii) all other amounts, costs, expenses and liquidated damages due in respect of this Debenture.

New York Courts” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 9(d).

Notice of Conversion” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4(a).

Optional Redemption” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6(a).

Optional Redemption Amount” means the sum of (i) 150% of the principal amount of this Debenture,(ii) accrued but unpaid interest then outstanding and (iii) all liquidated damages and other amounts due in respect of the Debenture.

Optional Redemption Date” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6(a).

Optional Redemption Notice” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6(a).

Optional Redemption Notice Date” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6(a).

Original Issue Date” means the date of the first issuance of the Debentures, regardless of any transfers of any Debenture and regardless of the number of instruments which may be issued to evidence such Debentures.
 
 
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Permitted Indebtedness” means (a) the Indebtedness existing on the Original Issue Date and (b) [Intentionally Omitted], and (c) lease obligations and purchase money indebtedness of up to $250,000, in the aggregate, incurred in connection with the acquisition of capital assets and lease obligations with respect to newly acquired or leased assets and (d) indebtedness to a strategic investor in connection with a strategic commercial agreement, to a commercial lender or pursuant to the acquisition of another corporation or entity by the Company, provided that an indebtedness incurred under this clause (d), (i) is expressly subordinate to the Debentures pursuant to a written subordination agreement with the Purchasers that is acceptable to each Purchaser in its sole and absolute discretion and (ii) matures at a date later than the Maturity Date.

Permitted Lien” means the individual and collective reference to the following: (a) Liens for taxes, assessments and other governmental charges or levies not yet due or Liens for taxes, assessments and other governmental charges or levies being contested in good faith and by appropriate proceedings for which adequate reserves (in the good faith judgment of the management of the Company) have been established in accordance with GAAP; (b) Liens imposed by law which were incurred in the ordinary course of the Company’s business, such as carriers’, warehousemen’s and mechanics’ Liens, statutory landlords’ Liens, and other similar Liens arising in the ordinary course of the Company’s business, and which (x) do not individually or in the aggregate materially detract from the value of such property or assets or materially impair the use thereof in the operation of the business of the Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries or (y) are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings, which proceedings have the effect of preventing for the foreseeable future the forfeiture or sale of the property or asset subject to such Lien; (c) Liens incurred in connection with Permitted Indebtedness under clause (a) thereunder; and (d) Liens incurred in connection with Permitted Indebtedness under clause (c) thereunder, provided that such Liens are not secured by assets of the Company or its Subsidiaries other than the assets so acquired or leased.
 
Person” means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.

Purchase Agreement” means the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of September 12, 2006, among the Company and the original Holders as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time in accordance with its terms.

Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

Share Delivery Date” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4(d).

Subsidiary” shall have the meaning set forth in the Purchase Agreement.

Threshold Period” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6(d).
 
 
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Trading Day” means a day on which the principal Trading Market is open for business.

Trading Market” means the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date in question: the American Stock Exchange, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the New York Stock Exchange or the OTC Bulletin Board.

Transaction Documents” shall have the meaning set forth in the Purchase Agreement.

VWAP” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted for trading as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time); (b)  if the OTC Bulletin Board is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on the OTC Bulletin Board; (c) if the Common Stock is not then quoted for trading on the OTC Bulletin Board and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported in the “Pink Sheets” published by Pink Sheets, LLC (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common Stock so reported; or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Holder and reasonably acceptable to the Company.

Section 2. Interest.
 
a)  Payment of Interest in Cash or Kind. The Company shall pay interest to the Holder on the aggregate unconverted and then outstanding principal amount of this Debenture at the rate of 10% per annum, payable quarterly on January 1, April 1, July 1 and October 1, beginning on October 1, 2008, on each Conversion Date (as to that principal amount then being converted), on each Optional Redemption Date (as to that principal amount then being redeemed) and on the Maturity Date (each such date, an “Interest Payment Date”) (if any Interest Payment Date is not a Business Day, then such payment shall be due on the next succeeding Business Day) in cash or duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable shares of Common Stock at the Interest Conversion Rate (the dollar amount to be paid in shares, the “Interest Share Amount”), or a combination thereof; provided, however, that payment in shares of Common Stock may only occur if (i) all of the Equity Conditions have been met (unless waived by the Holder in writing) during the 20 Trading Days immediately prior to the applicable Interest Payment Date (the “Interest Notice Period”) and through and including the date such shares of Common Stock are issued to the Holder, (ii) the Company shall have given the Holder notice in accordance with the notice requirements set forth below, (iii) the aggregate dollar amount of interest payable under all Debentures on the applicable Interest Payment Date is less than 25% of the aggregate trading volume of the Common Stock during the 6 Trading Days immediately prior to the applicable Interest Payment Date multiplied by the Interest Conversion Rate as to such interest payment (by way of an example, if the aggregate amount of interest due under all Debentures on an Interest Payment Date is equal to $225,000 and the trading volume for the 6 Trading Day period prior to the applicable Interest Payment Date was 1,000,000 shares and the Interest Conversion Rate for such Interest Payment Date is equal to $2.50, the Company could make such interest payment in shares of Common Stock (since the $225,000 interest payment is less than $625,000 (1,000,000 x $2.50 = $2,500,000 x 25%)) and (iv) as to such Interest Payment Date, prior to such Interest Notice Period (but not more than 5 Trading Days prior to the commencement of such Interest Notice Period), the Company shall have delivered to the Holder’s account with The Depository Trust Company a number of shares of Common Stock to be applied against such Interest Share Amount equal to the quotient of (x) the applicable Interest Share Amount divided by (y) the then Conversion Price (the “Interest Conversion Shares”).
 
 
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b)  Company’s Election to Pay Interest in Kind. Subject to the terms and conditions herein, the decision whether to pay interest hereunder in cash, shares of Common Stock, or a combination thereof shall be at the discretion of the Company. Prior to the commencement of any Interest Notice Period, the Company shall deliver to the Holder a written notice of its election to pay interest hereunder on the applicable Interest Payment Date either in cash, shares of Common Stock or a combination thereof and the Interest Share Amount as to the applicable Interest Payment Date, provided that the Company may indicate in such notice that the election contained in such notice shall apply to future Interest Payment Dates until revised by a subsequent notice. During any Interest Notice Period, the Company’s election (whether specific to an Interest Payment Date or continuous) shall be irrevocable as to such Interest Payment Date. Subject to the aforementioned conditions, failure to timely deliver such written notice to the Holder shall be deemed an election by the Company to pay the interest on such Interest Payment Date in cash. At any time the Company delivers a notice to the Holder of its election to pay the interest in shares of Common Stock, the Company shall timely file a prospectus supplement pursuant to Rule 424 disclosing such election. The aggregate number of shares of Common Stock otherwise issuable to the Holder on an Interest Payment Date shall be reduced by the number of Interest Conversion Shares previously issued to the Holder in connection with such Interest Payment Date.

c)  Interest Calculations. Interest shall be calculated on the basis of a 360-day year consisting of 12 30-calendar day periods, and shall accrue daily commencing on the Original Issue Date until payment in full of the principal sum, together with all accrued and unpaid interest, liquidated damages and other amounts which may become due hereunder, has been made. Payment of interest in shares of Common Stock (other than the Interest Conversion Shares issued prior to an Interest Notice Period) shall otherwise occur pursuant to Section 4(d)(ii) herein and, solely for purposes of the payment of interest in shares, the Interest Payment Date shall be deemed the Conversion Date. Interest shall cease to accrue with respect to any principal amount converted, provided that the Company actually delivers the Conversion Shares within the time period required by Section 4(d)(ii). Interest hereunder will be paid to the Person in whose name this Debenture is registered on the records of the Company regarding registration and transfers of this Debenture (the “Debenture Register”).
 
 
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d)  Late Fee. All overdue accrued and unpaid interest to be paid hereunder shall entail a late fee at an interest rate equal to the lesser of 18% per annum or the maximum rate permitted by applicable law (“Late Fees”) which shall accrue daily from the date such interest is due hereunder through and including the date of payment in full. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, if on any Interest Payment Date the Company has elected to pay accrued interest in the form of Common Stock but the Company is not permitted to pay accrued interest in Common Stock because it fails to satisfy the conditions for payment in Common Stock set forth in Section 2(a) herein, then, at the option of the Holder, the Company, in lieu of delivering either shares of Common Stock pursuant to this Section 2 or paying the regularly scheduled interest payment in cash, shall deliver, within three Trading Days of each applicable Interest Payment Date, an amount in cash equal to the product of (x) the number of shares of Common Stock otherwise deliverable to the Holder in connection with the payment of interest due on such Interest Payment Date multiplied by (y) the highest VWAP during the period commencing on the Interest Payment Date and ending on the Trading Day prior to the date such payment is made. If any Interest Conversion Shares are issued to the Holder in connection with an Interest Payment Date and are not applied against an Interest Share Amount, then the Holder shall promptly return such excess shares to the Company.
 
e)  Prepayment. Except as otherwise set forth in this Debenture, the Company may not prepay any portion of the principal amount of this Debenture, without the prior written consent of the Holder.

Section 3.  Registration of Transfers and Exchanges.
 
a)  Different Denominations. This Debenture is exchangeable for an equal aggregate principal amount of Debentures of different authorized denominations, as requested by the Holder surrendering the same. No service charge will be payable for such registration of transfer or exchange.
 
b)  Investment Representations. This Debenture has been issued subject to certain investment representations of the original Holder set forth in the Purchase Agreement and may be transferred or exchanged only in compliance with the Purchase Agreement and applicable federal and state securities laws and regulations.

c)  Reliance on Debenture Register. Prior to due presentment for transfer to the Company of this Debenture, the Company and any agent of the Company may treat the Person in whose name this Debenture is duly registered on the Debenture Register as the owner hereof for the purpose of receiving payment as herein provided and for all other purposes, whether or not this Debenture is overdue, and neither the Company nor any such agent shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

 
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Section 4.  Conversion.
 
a)  Voluntary Conversion. At any time after the Original Issue Date until this Debenture is no longer outstanding, this Debenture shall be convertible, in whole or in part, into shares of Common Stock at the option of the Holder, at any time and from time to time (subject to the conversion limitations set forth in Section 4(c) hereof). The Holder shall effect conversions by delivering to the Company a Notice of Conversion, the form of which is attached hereto as Annex A (a “Notice of Conversion”), specifying therein the principal amount of this Debenture to be converted and the date on which such conversion shall be effected (such date, a “Conversion Date”). If no Conversion Date is specified in a Notice of Conversion, the Conversion Date shall be the date that such Notice of Conversion is deemed delivered hereunder. To effect conversions hereunder, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Debenture to the Company unless the entire principal amount of this Debenture plus all accrued and unpaid interest thereon, has been so converted. Conversions hereunder shall have the effect of lowering the outstanding principal amount of this Debenture in an amount equal to the applicable conversion. The Holder and the Company shall maintain records showing the principal amount(s) converted and the date of such conversion(s). The Company may deliver an objection to any Notice of Conversion within 1 Business Day of delivery of such Notice of Conversion. In the event of any dispute or discrepancy, the records of the Holder shall be controlling and determinative in the absence of manifest error. The Holder, and any assignee by acceptance of this Debenture, acknowledge and agree that, by reason of the provisions of this paragraph, following conversion of a portion of this Debenture, the unpaid and unconverted principal amount of this Debenture may be less than the amount stated on the face hereof.
 
b)  Conversion Price. The conversion price in effect on any Conversion Date shall be equal to $0.85 (subject to adjustment herein) (the “Conversion Price”).

c)  Holder’s Restriction on Conversion. The Company shall not effect any conversion of this Debenture, and a Holder shall not have the right to convert any portion of this Debenture, to the extent that after giving effect to the conversion set forth on the applicable Notice of Conversion, such Holder (together with such Holder’s Affiliates, and any other person or entity acting as a group together with such Holder or any of such Holder’s Affiliates) would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below).  For purposes of the foregoing sentence, the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by such Holder and its Affiliates shall include the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of this Debenture with respect to which such determination is being made, but shall exclude the number of shares of Common Stock which are issuable upon (A) conversion of the remaining, unconverted principal amount of this Debenture beneficially owned by such Holder or any of its Affiliates and (B) exercise or conversion of the unexercised or unconverted portion of any other securities of the Company subject to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein (including, without limitation, any other Debentures or the Warrants) beneficially owned by such Holder or any of its Affiliates.  Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this Section 4(c), beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. To the extent that the limitation contained in this Section 4(c) applies, the determination of whether this Debenture is convertible (in relation to other securities owned by such Holder together with any Affiliates) and of which principal amount of this Debenture is convertible shall be in the sole discretion of such Holder, and the submission of a Notice of Conversion shall be deemed to be such Holder’s determination of whether this Debenture may be converted (in relation to other securities owned by such Holder together with any Affiliates) and which principal amount of this Debenture is convertible, in each case subject to such aggregate percentage limitations. To ensure compliance with this restriction, each Holder will be deemed to represent to the Company each time it delivers a Notice of Conversion that such Notice of Conversion has not violated the restrictions set forth in this paragraph and the Company shall have no obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination. In addition, a determination as to any group status as contemplated above shall be determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. For purposes of this Section 4(c), in determining the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock, a Holder may rely on the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock as stated in the most recent of the following: (A) the Company’s most recent Form 10-Q or Form 10-K, as the case may be; (B) a more recent public announcement by the Company; or (C) a more recent notice by the Company or the Company’s transfer agent setting forth the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding.  Upon the written or oral request of a Holder, the Company shall within two Trading Days confirm orally and in writing to such Holder the number of shares of Common Stock then outstanding.  In any case, the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be determined after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Company, including this Debenture, by such Holder or its Affiliates since the date as of which such number of outstanding shares of Common Stock was reported. The “Beneficial Ownership Limitation” shall be 4.99% of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of this Debenture held by the Holder. The Beneficial Ownership Limitation provisions of this Section 4(c) may be waived by such Holder, at the election of such Holder, upon not less than 61 days’ prior notice to the Company, to change the Beneficial Ownership Limitation to 9.99% of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon conversion of this Debenture held by the Holder and the provisions of this Section 4(c) shall continue to apply. Upon such a change by a Holder of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation from such 4.99% limitation to such 9.99% limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation may not be further waived by such Holder. The provisions of this paragraph shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with the terms of this Section 4(c) to correct this paragraph (or any portion hereof) which may be defective or inconsistent with the intended Beneficial Ownership Limitation herein contained or to make changes or supplements necessary or desirable to properly give effect to such limitation. The limitations contained in this paragraph shall apply to a successor holder of this Debenture.
 
 
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d)  
Mechanics of Conversion.
 
i.  Conversion Shares Issuable Upon Conversion of Principal Amount. The number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon a conversion hereunder shall be determined by the quotient obtained by dividing (x) the outstanding principal amount of this Debenture to be converted by (y) the Conversion Price.
 
ii.  Delivery of Certificate Upon Conversion. Not later than three Trading Days after each Conversion Date (the “Share Delivery Date”), the Company shall deliver, or cause to be delivered, to the Holder (A) a certificate or certificates representing the Conversion Shares which, on or after the Effective Date, shall be free of restrictive legends and trading restrictions (other than those which may then be required by the Purchase Agreement) representing the number of shares of Common Stock being acquired upon the conversion of this Debenture (including, if the Company has given continuous notice pursuant to Section 2(b) for payment of interest in shares of Common Stock at least 20 Trading Days prior to the date on which the Conversion Notice is delivered to the Company, shares of Common Stock representing the payment of accrued interest otherwise determined pursuant to Section 2(a) but assuming that the Interest Payment Period is the 20 Trading Days period immediately prior to the date on which the Conversion Notice is delivered to the Company and excluding for such issuance the condition that the Company deliver Interest Conversion Shares as to such interest payment) and (B) a bank check in the amount of accrued and unpaid interest (if the Company has elected or is required to pay accrued interest in cash). On or after the Effective Date, the Company shall use its best efforts to deliver any certificate or certificates required to be delivered by the Company under this Section 4 electronically through the Depository Trust Company or another established clearing corporation performing similar functions.
 
iii.  Failure to Deliver Certificates. If in the case of any Notice of Conversion such certificate or certificates are not delivered to or as directed by the applicable Holder by the third Trading Day after the Conversion Date, the Holder shall be entitled to elect by written notice to the Company at any time on or before its receipt of such certificate or certificates, to rescind such Conversion, in which event the Company shall promptly return to the Holder any original Debenture delivered to the Company and the Holder shall promptly return the Common Stock certificates representing the principal amount of this Debenture tendered for conversion to the Company.
 
iv.  Obligation Absolute; Partial Liquidated Damages. The Company’s obligations to issue and deliver the Conversion Shares upon conversion of this Debenture in accordance with the terms hereof are absolute and unconditional, irrespective of any action or inaction by the Holder to enforce the same, any waiver or consent with respect to any provision hereof, the recovery of any judgment against any Person or any action to enforce the same, or any setoff, counterclaim, recoupment, limitation or termination, or any breach or alleged breach by the Holder or any other Person of any obligation to the Company or any violation or alleged violation of law by the Holder or any other Person, and irrespective of any other circumstance which might otherwise limit such obligation of the Company to the Holder in connection with the issuance of such Conversion Shares; provided, however, that such delivery shall not operate as a waiver by the Company of any such action the Company may have against the Holder. In the event the Holder of this Debenture shall elect to convert any or all of the outstanding principal amount hereof, the Company may not refuse conversion based on any claim that the Holder or anyone associated or affiliated with the Holder has been engaged in any violation of law, agreement or for any other reason, unless an injunction from a court, on notice to Holder, restraining and or enjoining conversion of all or part of this Debenture shall have been sought and obtained, and the Company posts a surety bond for the benefit of the Holder in the amount of 150% of the outstanding principal amount of this Debenture, which is subject to the injunction, which bond shall remain in effect until the completion of arbitration/litigation of the underlying dispute and the proceeds of which shall be payable to such Holder to the extent it obtains judgment. In the absence of such injunction, the Company shall issue Conversion Shares or, if applicable, cash, upon a properly noticed conversion. If the Company fails for any reason to deliver to the Holder such certificate or certificates pursuant to Section 4(d)(ii) by the third Trading Day after the Conversion Date, the Company shall pay to such Holder, in cash, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, for each $1000 of principal amount being converted, $10 per Trading Day (increasing to $20 per Trading Day on the fifth Trading Day after such liquidated damages begin to accrue) for each Trading Day after such third Trading Day until such certificates are delivered. Nothing herein shall limit a Holder’s right to pursue actual damages or declare an Event of Default pursuant to Section 8 hereof for the Company’s failure to deliver Conversion Shares within the period specified herein and such Holder shall have the right to pursue all remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief. The exercise of any such rights shall not prohibit the Holder from seeking to enforce damages pursuant to any other Section hereof or under applicable law.
 
 
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v.  Compensation for Buy-In on Failure to Timely Deliver Certificates Upon Conversion. In addition to any other rights available to the Holder, if the Company fails for any reason to deliver to the Holder such certificate or certificates by the Share Delivery Date pursuant to Section 4(d)(ii), and if after such Share Delivery Date the Holder is required by its brokerage firm to purchase (in an open market transaction or otherwise), or the Holder’s brokerage firm otherwise purchases, shares of Common Stock to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by such Holder of the Conversion Shares which the Holder was entitled to receive upon the conversion relating to such Share Delivery Date (a “Buy-In”), then the Company shall (A) pay in cash to the Holder (in addition to any other remedies available to or elected by the Holder) the amount by which (x) the Holder’s total purchase price (including any brokerage commissions) for the Common Stock so purchased exceeds (y) the product of (1) the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock that such Holder was entitled to receive from the conversion at issue multiplied by (2) the actual sale price at which the sell order giving rise to such purchase obligation was executed (including any brokerage commissions) and (B) at the option of the Holder, either reissue (if surrendered) this Debenture in a principal amount equal to the principal amount of the attempted conversion or deliver to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock that would have been issued if the Company had timely complied with its delivery requirements under Section 4(d)(ii). For example, if the Holder purchases Common Stock having a total purchase price of $11,000 to cover a Buy-In with respect to an attempted conversion of this Debenture with respect to which the actual sale price of the Conversion Shares (including any brokerage commissions) giving rise to such purchase obligation was a total of $10,000 under clause (A) of the immediately preceding sentence, the Company shall be required to pay the Holder $1,000. The Holder shall provide the Company written notice indicating the amounts payable to the Holder in respect of the Buy-In and, upon request of the Company, evidence of the amount of such loss. Nothing herein shall limit a Holder’s right to pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Company’s failure to timely deliver certificates representing shares of Common Stock upon conversion of this Debenture as required pursuant to the terms hereof.
 
 
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vi.  Reservation of Shares Issuable Upon Conversion. The Company covenants that it will at all times reserve and keep available out of its authorized and unissued shares of Common Stock for the sole purpose of issuance upon conversion of this Debenture and payment of interest on this Debenture, each as herein provided, free from preemptive rights or any other actual contingent purchase rights of Persons other than the Holder (and the other holders of the Debentures), not less than such aggregate number of shares of the Common Stock as shall (subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement) be issuable (taking into account the adjustments and restrictions of Section 5) upon the conversion of the outstanding principal amount of this Debenture and payment of interest hereunder. The Company covenants that all shares of Common Stock that shall be so issuable shall, upon issue, be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.

vii.  Fractional Shares. Upon a conversion hereunder the Company shall not be required to issue stock certificates representing fractions of shares of Common Stock, but may if otherwise permitted, make a cash payment in respect of any final fraction of a share based on the VWAP at such time. If the Company elects not, or is unable, to make such a cash payment, the Holder shall be entitled to receive, in lieu of the final fraction of a share, 1 whole share of Common Stock.
 
 
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viii.  Transfer Taxes. The issuance of certificates for shares of the Common Stock on conversion of this Debenture shall be made without charge to the Holder hereof for any documentary stamp or similar taxes that may be payable in respect of the issue or delivery of such certificates, provided that the Company shall not be required to pay any tax that may be payable in respect of any transfer involved in the issuance and delivery of any such certificate upon conversion in a name other than that of the Holder of this Debenture so converted and the Company shall not be required to issue or deliver such certificates unless or until the person or persons requesting the issuance thereof shall have paid to the Company the amount of such tax or shall have established to the satisfaction of the Company that such tax has been paid.

Section 5. Certain Adjustments.
 
a)  Stock Dividends and Stock Splits. If the Company, at any time while this Debenture is outstanding: (A) pays a stock dividend or otherwise makes a distribution or distributions payable in shares of Common Stock on shares of Common Stock or any Common Stock Equivalents (which, for avoidance of doubt, shall not include any shares of Common Stock issued by the Company upon conversion of, or payment of interest on, this Debenture); (B) subdivides outstanding shares of Common Stock into a larger number of shares; (C) combines (including by way of a reverse stock split) outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares; or (D) issues, in the event of a reclassification of shares of the Common Stock, any shares of capital stock of the Company, then the Conversion Price shall be multiplied by a fraction of which the numerator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding any treasury shares of the Company) outstanding immediately before such event and of which the denominator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event. Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section shall become effective immediately after the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution and shall become effective immediately after the effective date in the case of a subdivision, combination or re-classification.
 
 
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b)  Subsequent Equity Sales. If at any time while this Debenture is outstanding, the Company or any Subsidiary, as applicable, sells or grants any option to purchase or sells or grants any right to reprice its securities, or otherwise disposes of or issues (or announces any sale, grant or any option to purchase or other disposition) any Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents entitling any Person to acquire shares of Common Stock at an effective price per share that is lower than the then Conversion Price (such lower price, the “Base Conversion Price” and such issuances collectively, a “Dilutive Issuance”) (if the holder of the Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents so issued shall at any time, whether by operation of purchase price adjustments, reset provisions, floating conversion, exercise or exchange prices or otherwise, or due to warrants, options or rights per share which are issued in connection with such issuance, be entitled to receive shares of Common Stock at an effective price per share that is lower than the Conversion Price, such issuance shall be deemed to have occurred for less than the Conversion Price on such date of the Dilutive Issuance), then the Conversion Price shall be reduced to equal the Base Conversion Price. Such adjustment shall be made whenever such Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents are issued. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no adjustment will be made under this Section 5(b) in respect of an Exempt Issuance. The Company shall notify the Holder in writing, no later than 1 Business Day following the issuance of any Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents subject to this Section 5(b), indicating therein the applicable issuance price, or applicable reset price, exchange price, conversion price and other pricing terms (such notice, the “Dilutive Issuance Notice”). For purposes of clarification, whether or not the Company provides a Dilutive Issuance Notice pursuant to this Section 5(b), upon the occurrence of any Dilutive Issuance, the Holder is entitled to receive a number of Conversion Shares based upon the Base Conversion Price on or after the date of such Dilutive Issuance, regardless of whether the Holder accurately refers to the Base Conversion Price in the Notice of Conversion.
 
c)  Subsequent Equity Sales Below Market. If at any time while this Debenture is outstanding, the Company or any Subsidiary, as applicable, sells or grants any option to purchase or sells or grants any right to reprice its securities, or otherwise disposes of or issues (or announces any sale, grant or any option to purchase or other disposition) any Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents entitling any Person to acquire shares of Common Stock at an effective price per share that is lower than the VWAP on the date of such issuance and higher than the then Conversion Price (below Conversion Price issuances shall be governed by clause (b) above), then the Conversion Price shall be multiplied by a fraction of which the denominator shall be the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding on the date of such issuance plus the number of additional shares of Common Stock offered for subscription or purchase, and of which the numerator shall be the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding on the date of such issuance plus the number of shares which the aggregate offering price of the total number of shares so offered (assuming delivery to the Company in full of all consideration payable upon exercise of such rights, options or warrants) would purchase at such VWAP. Such adjustment shall be made whenever such issuance occurs, and shall become effective immediately after such issuance.
 
d)  Subsequent Rights Offerings. If the Company, at any time while the Debenture is outstanding, shall issue rights, options or warrants to all holders of Common Stock (and not to Holders) entitling them to subscribe for or purchase shares of Common Stock at a price per share that is lower than the VWAP on the record date referenced below, then the Conversion Price shall be multiplied by a fraction of which the denominator shall be the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding on the date of issuance of such rights or warrants plus the number of additional shares of Common Stock offered for subscription or purchase, and of which the numerator shall be the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding on the date of issuance of such rights or warrants plus the number of shares which the aggregate offering price of the total number of shares so offered (assuming delivery to the Company in full of all consideration payable upon exercise of such rights, options or warrants) would purchase at such VWAP. Such adjustment shall be made whenever such rights or warrants are issued, and shall become effective immediately after the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive such rights, options or warrants.
 
 
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e)  Pro Rata Distributions. If the Company, at any time while this Debenture is outstanding, distributes to all holders of Common Stock (and not to the Holders) evidences of its indebtedness or assets (including cash and cash dividends) or rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any security (other than the Common Stock, which shall be subject to Section 5(b)), then in each such case the Conversion Price shall be adjusted by multiplying such Conversion Price in effect immediately prior to the record date fixed for determination of stockholders entitled to receive such distribution by a fraction of which the denominator shall be the VWAP determined as of the record date mentioned above, and of which the numerator shall be such VWAP on such record date less the then fair market value at such record date of the portion of such assets or evidence of indebtedness so distributed applicable to 1 outstanding share of the Common Stock as determined by the Board of Directors of the Company in good faith. In either case the adjustments shall be described in a statement delivered to the Holder describing the portion of assets or evidences of indebtedness so distributed or such subscription rights applicable to 1 share of Common Stock. Such adjustment shall be made whenever any such distribution is made and shall become effective immediately after the record date mentioned above.
 
f)  Fundamental Transaction. If, at any time while this Debenture is outstanding, (A) the Company effects any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another Person, (B) the Company effects any sale of all or substantially all of its assets in one transaction or a series of related transactions, (C) any tender offer or exchange offer (whether by the Company or another Person) is completed pursuant to which holders of Common Stock are permitted to tender or exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property, or (D) the Company effects any reclassification of the Common Stock or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Common Stock is effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property (in any such case, a “Fundamental Transaction”), then, upon any subsequent conversion of this Debenture, the Holder shall have the right to receive, for each Conversion Share that would have been issuable upon such conversion immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction, the same kind and amount of securities, cash or property as it would have been entitled to receive upon the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction if it had been, immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction, the holder of 1 share of Common Stock (the “Alternate Consideration”). For purposes of any such conversion, the determination of the Conversion Price shall be appropriately adjusted to apply to such Alternate Consideration based on the amount of Alternate Consideration issuable in respect of 1 share of Common Stock in such Fundamental Transaction, and the Company shall apportion the Conversion Price among the Alternate Consideration in a reasonable manner reflecting the relative value of any different components of the Alternate Consideration. If holders of Common Stock are given any choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then the Holder shall be given the same choice as to the Alternate Consideration it receives upon any conversion of this Debenture following such Fundamental Transaction. To the extent necessary to effectuate the foregoing provisions, any successor to the Company or surviving entity in such Fundamental Transaction shall issue to the Holder a new debenture consistent with the foregoing provisions and evidencing the Holder’s right to convert such debenture into Alternate Consideration. The terms of any agreement pursuant to which a Fundamental Transaction is effected shall include terms requiring any such successor or surviving entity to comply with the provisions of this Section 5(e) and insuring that this Debenture (or any such replacement security) will be similarly adjusted upon any subsequent transaction analogous to a Fundamental Transaction.
 
 
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g)  Calculations. All calculations under this Section 5 shall be made to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share, as the case may be. For purposes of this Section 5, the number of shares of Common Stock deemed to be issued and outstanding as of a given date shall be the sum of the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding any treasury shares of the Company) issued and outstanding.

h)  Notice to the Holder.

i.  Adjustment to Conversion Price. Whenever the Conversion Price is adjusted pursuant to any provision of this Section 5, the Company shall promptly mail to each Holder a notice setting forth the Conversion Price after such adjustment and setting forth a brief statement of the facts requiring such adjustment. If the Company issues a variable rate security, despite the prohibition thereon in the Purchase Agreement, the Company shall be deemed to have issued Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents at the lowest possible conversion or exercise price at which such securities may be converted or exercised in the case of a Variable Rate Transaction (as defined in the Purchase Agreement).
 
ii.  Notice to Allow Conversion by Holder. If (A) the Company shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution in whatever form) on the Common Stock, (B) the Company shall declare a special nonrecurring cash dividend on or a redemption of the Common Stock, (C) the Company shall authorize the granting to all holders of the Common Stock of rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any shares of capital stock of any class or of any rights, (D) the approval of any stockholders of the Company shall be required in connection with any reclassification of the Common Stock, any consolidation or merger to which the Company is a party, any sale or transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company, of any compulsory share exchange whereby the Common Stock is converted into other securities, cash or property or (E) the Company shall authorize the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Company, then, in each case, the Company shall cause to be filed at each office or agency maintained for the purpose of conversion of this Debenture, and shall cause to be delivered to the Holder at its last address as it shall appear upon the Debenture Register, at least 20 calendar days prior to the applicable record or effective date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (x) the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution, redemption, rights or warrants, or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of the Common Stock of record to be entitled to such dividend, distributions, redemption, rights or warrants are to be determined or (y) the date on which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange is expected to become effective or close, and the date as of which it is expected that holders of the Common Stock of record shall be entitled to exchange their shares of the Common Stock for securities, cash or other property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange, provided that the failure to deliver such notice or any defect therein or in the delivery thereof shall not affect the validity of the corporate action required to be specified in such notice. The Holder is entitled to convert this Debenture during the 20-day period commencing on the date of such notice through the effective date of the event triggering such notice.
 
 
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Section 6. Redemption and Forced Conversion.

a)  Optional Redemption at Election of Company. Subject to the provisions of this Section 6, at any time after the 12-month anniversary of the Effective Date, the Company may deliver a notice to the Holder (an “Optional Redemption Notice” and the date such notice is deemed delivered hereunder, the “Optional Redemption Notice Date”) of its irrevocable election to redeem some or all of the then outstanding principal amount of this Debenture for cash in an amount equal to the Optional Redemption Amount on the 10th Trading Day following the Optional Redemption Notice Date (such date, the “Optional Redemption Date” and such redemption, the “Optional Redemption”). The Optional Redemption Amount is payable in full on the Optional Redemption Date. The Company may only effect an Optional Redemption if each of the Equity Conditions shall have been met on each Trading Day during the period commencing on the Optional Redemption Notice Date through to the later of (i) the Optional Redemption Date and through and including (ii) the date on which the payment of the Optional Redemption Amount is actually made, each of the Equity Conditions shall have been satisfied. If any of the Equity Conditions shall cease to be satisfied at any time during the 10 Trading Day period, then the Holder may elect to nullify the Optional Redemption Notice by notice to the Company within 3 Trading Days after the first day on which any such Equity Condition has not been met (provided that if, by a provision of the Transaction Documents, the Company is obligated to notify the Holder of the non-existence of an Equity Condition, such notice period shall be extended to the third Trading Day after proper notice from the Company) in which case the Optional Redemption Notice shall be null and void, ab initio.
 
 
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b)  Redemption Procedure. The payment of cash pursuant to an Optional Redemption shall be payable on the Optional Redemption Date. If any portion of the payment pursuant to an Optional Redemption shall not be paid by the Company by the applicable due date, interest shall accrue thereon at an interest rate equal to the lesser of 18% per annum or the maximum rate permitted by applicable law until such amount is paid in full. Notwithstanding anything herein contained to the contrary, if any portion of the Optional Redemption Amount remains unpaid after such date, the Holder may elect, by written notice to the Company given at any time thereafter, to invalidate such Optional Redemption, ab initio, and, with respect to the Company’s failure to honor the Optional Redemption, the Company shall have no further right to exercise such Optional Redemption. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 6, the Company’s determination to redeem in cash under Section 6(a) shall be applied ratably among the Holders of Debentures. The Holder may elect to convert the outstanding principal amount of the Debenture pursuant to Section 4 prior to actual payment in cash for any redemption under this Section 6 by the delivery of a Notice of Conversion to the Company. The Company covenants and agrees that it will honor all Notices of Conversion tendered from the time of delivery of the Optional Redemption Notice through the date all amounts owing thereon are due and paid in full.

c)  Forced Conversion. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if, at any time following the Effective Date, the VWAPs for each of any 20 consecutive Trading Days, which period shall have commenced only after the Effective Date (such period, the “Threshold Period”), exceeds 200% of the then applicable Conversion Price and the daily trading volume for the Common Stock on the principal Trading Market exceeds 250,000 shares (subject to adjustment for forward and reverse stock splits, recapitalizations, stock dividends and the like after the Original Issue Date) on each Trading Day during the Threshold Period, the Company may, within 1 Trading Day after the end of any such Threshold Period, deliver a written notice to the Holder (a “Forced Conversion Notice” and the date such notice is delivered to the Holder, the “Forced Conversion Notice Date”) to cause the Holder to convert all or part of the then outstanding principal amount of Debentures plus, if so specified in the Forced Conversion Notice, accrued but unpaid interest, liquidated damages and other amounts owing to the Holder pursuant to Section 4, it being agreed that the “Conversion Date” for purposes of Section 4 shall be deemed to occur on the third Trading Day following the Forced Conversion Notice Date (such third Trading Day, the “Forced Conversion Date”). The Company may not deliver a Forced Conversion Notice, and any Forced Conversion Notice delivered by the Company shall not be effective, unless each of the Equity Conditions is satisfied on each Trading Day during the 30 consecutive Trading Days immediately preceding the Forced Conversion Notice Date through and including the later of (i) the Forced Conversion Date and (ii) the Trading Day after the date such Conversion Shares pursuant to such conversion are delivered to the Holder. For purposes of clarification, a Forced Conversion shall be subject to all of the provisions of Section 4, including, without limitation, the provision requiring payment of liquidated damages and limitations on conversions.
 
 
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Section 7. Negative Covenants. As long as any portion of this Debenture remains outstanding, unless Purchasers holding at least 75% of the aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding Debentures shall otherwise consent in writing, the Company shall not, and shall not permit any of its Subsidiaries to, directly or indirectly:
 
a)  other than Permitted Indebtedness, enter into, create, incur, assume, guarantee or suffer to exist any indebtedness for borrowed money of any kind, including but not limited to, a guarantee, on or with respect to any of its property or assets now owned or hereafter acquired or any interest therein or any income or profits therefrom;
 
b)  other than Permitted Liens, enter into, create, incur, assume or suffer to exist any Liens of any kind, on or with respect to any of its property or assets now owned or hereafter acquired or any interest therein or any income or profits therefrom;

c)  amend its charter documents, including without limitation, the certificate of incorporation and bylaws, in any manner that materially and adversely affects any rights of the Holder;

d)  repay, repurchase or offer to repay, repurchase or otherwise acquire any shares of its Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents or any other security, including preferred stock, or Indebtedness of the Company that is pari passu with, or junior or subordinate to (unless otherwise permitted pursuant to a written subordination agreement with the Holders) other than as to (a) the Conversion Shares or Warrant Shares as permitted or required under the Transaction Documents and (b) repurchases of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents of departing officers and directors of the Company, provided that such repurchases shall not exceed an aggregate of $100,000 for all officers and directors during the term of this Debenture);

e)   enter into any Fundamental Transaction or Change of Control Transaction without the consent of the Holders of 75% of the outstanding principal amount of the Debentures;

f)  pay cash dividends or distributions on any equity securities of the Company;

g)  enter into any transaction with any Affiliate of the Company which would be required to be disclosed in any public filing with the Commission, unless such transaction is made on an arm’s-length basis and expressly approved by a majority of the disinterested directors of the Company (even if less than a quorum otherwise required for board approval); or

h)  enter into any agreement with respect to any of the foregoing.
 
 
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Section 8. Events of Default.

a)  Event of Default” means, wherever used herein, any of the following events (whatever the reason for such event and whether such event shall be voluntary or involuntary or effected by operation of law or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any court, or any order, rule or regulation of any administrative or governmental body):

i.  any default in the payment of (A) the principal amount of any Debenture or (B) interest, liquidated damages and other amounts owing to a Holder on any Debenture, as and when the same shall become due and payable (whether on a Conversion Date or the Maturity Date or by acceleration or otherwise) which default, solely in the case of an interest payment or other default under clause (B) above, is not cured within 3 Trading Days;
 
ii.  the Company shall fail to observe or perform any other covenant or agreement contained in the Debentures (other than a breach by the Company of its obligations to deliver shares of Common Stock to the Holder upon conversion, which breach is addressed in clause (xi) below) which failure is not cured, if possible to cure, within the earlier to occur of (A) 5 Trading Days after notice of such failure sent by the Holder or by any other Holder and (B) 10 Trading Days after the Company has become or should have become aware of such failure;

iii.  a default or event of default (subject to any grace or cure period provided in the applicable agreement, document or instrument) shall occur under (A) any of the Transaction Documents or (B) any other material agreement, lease, document or instrument to which the Company or any Subsidiary is obligated (and not covered by clause (vi) below);

iv.  any representation or warranty made in this Debenture, any other Transaction Documents, any written statement pursuant hereto or thereto or any other report, financial statement or certificate made or delivered to the Holder or any other Holder shall be untrue or incorrect in any material respect as of the date when made or deemed made;

v.  the Company or any Significant Subsidiary shall be subject to a Bankruptcy Event;
 
vi.  the Company or any Subsidiary with material assets shall default on any of its obligations under any mortgage, credit agreement or other facility, indenture agreement, factoring agreement or other instrument under which there may be issued, or by which there may be secured or evidenced, any indebtedness for borrowed money or money due under any long term leasing or factoring arrangement that (a) involves an obligation greater than $150,000, whether such indebtedness now exists or shall hereafter be created, and (b) results in such indebtedness becoming or being declared due and payable prior to the date on which it would otherwise become due and payable;
 
 
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vii.  the Common Stock shall not be eligible for listing or quotation for trading on a Trading Market and shall not be eligible to resume listing or quotation for trading thereon within five Trading Days;

viii.  the Company shall be a party to any Change of Control Transaction or Fundamental Transaction or shall agree to sell or dispose of all or in excess of 33% of its assets in one transaction or a series of related transactions (whether or not such sale would constitute a Change of Control Transaction);

ix.  [Intentionally Omitted]

x.  [Intentionally Omitted]

xi.  the Company shall fail for any reason to deliver certificates to a Holder prior to the fifth Trading Day after a Conversion Date or any Forced Conversion Date pursuant to Section 4(d) or the Company shall provide at any time notice to the Holder, including by way of public announcement, of the Company’s intention to not honor requests for conversions of any Debentures in accordance with the terms hereof;

xii.  any monetary judgment, writ or similar final process shall be entered or filed against the Company, any Subsidiary or any of their respective property or other assets for more than $50,000, and such judgment, writ or similar final process shall remain unvacated, unbonded or unstayed for a period of 45 calendar days;

xiii.  the Company shall fail to maintain a regular quotation or listing for the Common Stock on the OTC Bulletin Board, one of the Nasdaq stock markets or a national securities exchange in the United States; or

xiv.  the Company fails to register the shares of Common Stock into which this Debenture may be converted as of the Original Issue Date on the next registration statement filed by the Company with the Commission following the Original Issue Date (other than on Form S-4, S-8 or successor forms thereto).

b)  Remedies Upon Event of Default. If any Event of Default occurs, the outstanding principal amount of this Debenture, plus accrued but unpaid interest, liquidated damages and other amounts owing in respect thereof through the date of acceleration, shall become, at the Holder’s election, immediately due and payable in cash at the Mandatory Default Amount. Commencing 5 days after the occurrence of any Event of Default that results in the eventual acceleration of this Debenture, the interest rate on this Debenture shall accrue at an interest rate equal to the lesser of 18% per annum or the maximum rate permitted under applicable law. Upon the payment in full of the Mandatory Default Amount, the Holder shall promptly surrender this Debenture to or as directed by the Company. In connection with such acceleration described herein, the Holder need not provide, and the Company hereby waives, any presentment, demand, protest or other notice of any kind, and the Holder may immediately and without expiration of any grace period enforce any and all of its rights and remedies hereunder and all other remedies available to it under applicable law. Such acceleration may be rescinded and annulled by Holder at any time prior to payment hereunder and the Holder shall have all rights as a holder of the Debenture until such time, if any, as the Holder receives full payment pursuant to this Section 8(b). No such rescission or annulment shall affect any subsequent Event of Default or impair any right consequent thereon.
 
 
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c)  Redemption at Election of Holder. If the Company shall agree to sell substantially all of its assets in one or more transactions in which the consideration consists solely of cash, cash equivalents, assumption of indebtedness, or any combination thereof, the Holder shall have the right to require the Company, by written notice to the Company, to redeem this Debenture, in full and in cash, at the closing of such Change of Control Transaction, Fundamental Transaction or sale of assets. The aggregate amount payable upon such Change of Control Transaction, Fundamental Transaction or sale of assets shall be equal to the Cash Sale Redemption Amount. In the event that the Company fails to pay the Cash Sale Redemption Amount on or prior to the applicable closing date, the interest rate on this Debenture shall accrue at the rate of 18% per annum, or such lower maximum amount of interest permitted to be charged under applicable law, until the Cash Sale Redemption Amount is paid in full. Concurrently with the payment in full of the Cash Sale Redemption Amount, the Holder shall surrender this Debenture to or as directed by the Company (or the successor company). The Holder may elect to convert the outstanding principal amount of the Debenture pursuant to Section 4 prior to actual payment in cash for the redemption under this Section 6 by fax delivery of a Notice of Conversion to the Company.

Section 9. Miscellaneous.
 
a)  Notices. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Holder hereunder, including, without limitation, any Notice of Conversion, shall be in writing and delivered personally, by facsimile, or sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service, addressed to the Company, at the address set forth above, facsimile number (213) 947-1914, Attn: Gary Guseinov or such other facsimile number or address as the Company may specify for such purpose by notice to the Holder delivered in accordance with this Section 9. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Company hereunder shall be in writing and delivered personally, by facsimile, or sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service addressed to each Holder at the facsimile number or address of such Holder appearing on the books of the Company, or if no such facsimile number or address appears, at the principal place of business of the Holder. Any notice or other communication or deliveries hereunder shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of (i) the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via facsimile at the facsimile number specified in this Section 9 prior to 5:30 p.m. (New York City time), (ii) the date immediately following the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via facsimile at the facsimile number specified in this Section 9 between 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) and 11:59 p.m. (New York City time) on any date, (iii) the second Business Day following the date of mailing, if sent by nationally recognized overnight courier service, or (iv) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given.
 
 
23

 
 
b)  Absolute Obligation. Except as expressly provided herein, no provision of this Debenture shall alter or impair the obligation of the Company, which is absolute and unconditional, to pay the principal of, liquidated damages and accrued interest, as applicable, on this Debenture at the time, place, and rate, and in the coin or currency, herein prescribed. This Debenture is a direct debt obligation of the Company. This Debenture ranks pari passu with all other Debentures now or hereafter issued under the terms set forth herein. 
 
c)  Lost or Mutilated Debenture. If this Debenture shall be mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed, the Company shall execute and deliver, in exchange and substitution for and upon cancellation of a mutilated Debenture, or in lieu of or in substitution for a lost, stolen or destroyed Debenture, a new Debenture for the principal amount of this Debenture so mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed, but only upon receipt of evidence of such loss, theft or destruction of such Debenture, and of the ownership hereof, reasonably satisfactory to the Company.

d)  Governing Law. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Debenture shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflict of laws thereof. Each party agrees that all legal proceedings concerning the interpretation, enforcement and defense of the transactions contemplated by any of the Transaction Documents (whether brought against a party hereto or its respective Affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders, employees or agents) shall be commenced in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan (the “New York Courts”). Each party hereto hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the New York Courts for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein (including with respect to the enforcement of any of the Transaction Documents), and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of such New York Courts, or such New York Courts are improper or inconvenient venue for such proceeding. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Debenture and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by applicable law. Each party hereto hereby irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any and all right to trial by jury in any legal proceeding arising out of or relating to this Debenture or the transactions contemplated hereby. If either party shall commence an action or proceeding to enforce any provisions of this Debenture, then the prevailing party in such action or proceeding shall be reimbursed by the other party for its attorneys fees and other costs and expenses incurred in the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such action or proceeding.
 
 
24

 
 
e)  Waiver. Any waiver by the Company or the Holder of a breach of any provision of this Debenture shall not operate as or be construed to be a waiver of any other breach of such provision or of any breach of any other provision of this Debenture. The failure of the Company or the Holder to insist upon strict adherence to any term of this Debenture on one or more occasions shall not be considered a waiver or deprive that party of the right thereafter to insist upon strict adherence to that term or any other term of this Debenture. Any waiver by the Company or the Holder must be in writing.
 
f)  Severability. If any provision of this Debenture is invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the balance of this Debenture shall remain in effect, and if any provision is inapplicable to any Person or circumstance, it shall nevertheless remain applicable to all other Persons and circumstances. If it shall be found that any interest or other amount deemed interest due hereunder violates the applicable law governing usury, the applicable rate of interest due hereunder shall automatically be lowered to equal the maximum rate of interest permitted under applicable law. The Company covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it shall not at any time insist upon, plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any stay, extension or usury law or other law which would prohibit or forgive the Company from paying all or any portion of the principal of or interest on this Debenture as contemplated herein, wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, or which may affect the covenants or the performance of this indenture, and the Company (to the extent it may lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefits or advantage of any such law, and covenants that it will not, by resort to any such law, hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the Holder, but will suffer and permit the execution of every such as though no such law has been enacted.
 
g)  Next Business Day. Whenever any payment or other obligation hereunder shall be due on a day other than a Business Day, such payment shall be made on the next succeeding Business Day.

h)  Headings. The headings contained herein are for convenience only, do not constitute a part of this Debenture and shall not be deemed to limit or affect any of the provisions hereof.

i)  Assumption.  Any successor to the Company or any surviving entity in a Fundamental Transaction shall (i) assume, prior to such Fundamental Transaction, all of the obligations of the Company under this Debenture and the other Transaction Documents pursuant to written agreements in form and substance satisfactory to the Holder (such approval not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed) and (ii) issue to the Holder a new debenture of such successor entity evidenced by a written instrument substantially similar in form and substance to this Debenture, including, without limitation, having a principal amount and interest rate equal to the principal amount and the interest rate of this Debenture and having similar ranking to this Debenture, which shall be satisfactory to the Holder (any such approval not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed).  The provisions of this Section 9(i) shall apply similarly and equally to successive Fundamental Transactions and shall be applied without regard to any limitations of this Debenture.

j)  Amendment. This Debenture may be modified or amended or provisions hereof waived with the written consent of the Company, the Agent, the Holder and the Holder(s) of at least 75% of the then outstanding principal amount of all of the Debentures.

*********************
 
 
25

 
 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Debenture to be duly executed by a duly authorized officer as of the date first above indicated.

     
  CYBERDEFENDER CORPORATION
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:   /s/ 
 
Name: Gary Guseinov
 
Title: Chief Executive Officer
 
 
26

 
 
ANNEX A

NOTICE OF CONVERSION
 
The undersigned hereby elects to convert principal under the 10% Convertible Debenture of CyberDefender Corporation, a California corporation (the “Company”), due on _________________, 2010, into shares of common stock, no par value per share (the “Common Stock”), of the Company according to the conditions hereof, as of the date written below. If shares of Common Stock are to be issued in the name of a person other than the undersigned, the undersigned will pay all transfer taxes payable with respect thereto and is delivering herewith such certificates and opinions as reasonably requested by the Company in accordance therewith. No fee will be charged to the holder for any conversion, except for such transfer taxes, if any.

By the delivery of this Notice of Conversion the undersigned represents and warrants to the Company that its ownership of the Common Stock does not exceed the amounts specified under Section 4 of this Debenture, as determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act, specified under Section 4 of this Debenture.

The undersigned agrees to comply with the prospectus delivery requirements under the applicable securities laws in connection with any transfer of the aforesaid shares of Common Stock.

Conversion calculations:   
 
Date to Effect Conversion:
   
 
Principal Amount of Debenture to be Converted:
   
 
Payment of Interest in Common Stock __ yes __ no
 
If yes, $_____ of Interest Accrued on Account of Conversion at Issue.
   
 
Number of shares of Common Stock to be issued:
   
   
 
Signature:
   
 
Name:
   
 
Address:

 
27

 
 
Schedule 1

CONVERSION SCHEDULE

The 10% Convertible Debentures due on _________________, 2010, in the aggregate principal amount of $__________ issued by CyberDefender Corporation. This Conversion Schedule reflects conversions made under Section 4 of the above referenced Debenture.

Dated:
 
 
Date of Conversion
(or for first entry, Original Issue Date)
 
Amount of Conversion
 
Aggregate Principal Amount Remaining Subsequent to Conversion
(or original Principal Amount)
 
Company Attest
       
       
 
 
 
     
       
       
       
       
       
       

 
28

 
 
EX-31.1 4 v132246_ex31-1.htm Unassociated Document
EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER
PURSUANT TO RULES 13a-14 AND 15d-14
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

I, Gary Guseinov, certify that:

I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of CyberDefender Corporation.

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report.

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the issuer as of, and for, the periods, presented in this report.

The issuer’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the issuer and have:

(a)  
designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under my supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the issuer, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to me by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which the periodic report is being prepared;

(b)  
evaluated the effectiveness of the issuer’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(c)  
disclosed in this report any change in the issuer’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the issuer’s most recent fiscal quarter (the issuer’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the issuer’s internal control over financial reporting; and

The issuer’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the issuer’s auditors and to the audit committee of the board of directors (or persons fulfilling the equivalent function):

(i)  
all significant deficiencies in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the issuer’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(ii)  
any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the issuer’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
Dated: November 14, 2008



/s/ Gary Guseinov                                     
Gary Guseinov
Chief Executive Officer and President
 
 
 

 
 
EX-31.2 5 v132246_ex31-2.htm Unassociated Document
 
EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING OFFICER
PURSUANT TO RULES 13a-14 AND 15d-14
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

I, Michael Barrett, certify that:

I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of CyberDefender Corporation.

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report.

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the issuer as of, and for, the periods presented in this report.

The issuer’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the issuer and have:

(a)  
designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under my supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the issuer, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to me by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which the periodic report is being prepared;

(b)  
evaluated the effectiveness of the issuer’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(c)  
disclosed in this report any change in the issuer’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the issuer’s most recent fiscal quarter (the issuer’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the issuer’s internal control over financial reporting; and

The issuer’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the issuer’s auditors and to the audit committee of the board of directors (or persons fulfilling the equivalent function):

(i)  
all significant deficiencies in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the issuer’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(ii)  
any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the issuer’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
Dated: November 14, 2008

 
/s/ Michael Barrett                                     
Michael Barrett, Chief Financial Officer
 
 
 

 
EX-32 6 v132246_ex32.htm Unassociated Document

 
EXHIBIT 32

CERTIFICATION OF OFFICERS
OF CYBERDEFENDER CORPORATION
PURSUANT TO 18 USC § 1350




Pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (subsection (a) and (b) of Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code) each of the undersigned officers of CyberDefender Corporation (the “Company”) does hereby certify, to such officer’s knowledge, that:

(a) The quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2008 of the Company fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
 
(b) Information contained in the Form 10-Q fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.


Dated: November 14, 2008

 
/s/ Gary Guseinov                           
Gary Guseinov
Chief Executive Officer


Dated: November 14, 2008
 

/s/ Michael Barrett                           
Michael Barrett
Chief Financial Officer
 
 
 

 
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