UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

(Mark One)
☑	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the quarterly period ended	September 30, 2022
OR
☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from               to

Commission file number: 001-33492

CVR ENERGY, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware		61-1512186
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

2277 Plaza Drive, Suite 500, Sugar Land, Texas 77479

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(281) 207-3200

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

_____________________________________________________________

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share	CVI	The New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑     No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑     No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☑	Non-accelerated filer	☐
Smaller reporting company	☐	Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐     No ☑

There were 100,530,599 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding at October 28, 2022.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CVR Energy, Inc. - Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

September 30, 2022

PART I. Financial Information			PART II. Other Information
Item 1.	Financial Statements	5	Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	56
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (unaudited)	5	Item 1A.	Risk Factors	56
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations - Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (unaudited)	6	Item 5.	Other Information	56
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity - Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (unaudited)	7	Item 6.	Exhibits	56
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (unaudited)	8	Signatures		58
	Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	9
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	24
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	55
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	55

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (including documents incorporated by reference herein) contains statements with respect to our expectations or beliefs as to future events. These types of statements are “forward-looking” and subject to uncertainties. See “Important Information Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” section of this filing.

September 30, 2022 | 2

Important Information Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Report”) contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), including, but not limited to, those under Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. All statements other than statements of historical fact, including without limitation, statements regarding future operations, financial position, estimated revenues and losses, growth, capital projects, stock or unit repurchases, impacts of legal proceedings, projected costs, prospects, plans and objectives of management are forward-looking statements. The words “could,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “expect,” “may,” “continue,” “predict,” “potential,” “project,” and similar terms and phrases are intended to identify forward-looking statements.

Although we believe our assumptions concerning future events are reasonable, a number of risks, uncertainties, and other factors could cause actual results and trends to differ materially from those projected or forward looking. Forward looking statements, as well as certain risks, contingencies or uncertainties that may impact our forward looking statements, include but are not limited to the following:

•volatile margins in the refining industry and exposure to the risks associated with volatile crude oil, refined product and feedstock prices;

•the availability of adequate cash and other sources of liquidity for the capital needs of our businesses;

•the severity, magnitude, duration, and impact of the novel coronavirus 2019 and any variant thereof (collectively, “COVID-19”) pandemic and of businesses’ and governments’ responses to such pandemic on our operations, personnel, commercial activity, and supply and demand across our and our customers’ and suppliers’ business;

•changes in market conditions and market volatility arising from the COVID-19 pandemic, inflation or potential economic recession, including crude oil and other commodity prices, demand for those commodities, storage and transportation capacities, and the impact of such changes on our operating results and financial position;

•expectations regarding our business and the economic recovery relating to the COVID-19 pandemic, including beliefs regarding future customer activity and the timing of the recovery;

•the ability to forecast our future financial condition, results of operations, revenues and expenses;

•the effects of transactions involving forward or derivative instruments;

•the effects of inflation;

•changes in laws, regulations and policies with respect to the export of crude oil, refined products, other hydrocarbons or renewable feedstocks or products including, without limitation, the actions of the Biden Administration that impact oil and gas operations in the U.S.;

•interruption in pipelines supplying feedstocks or distributing the petroleum business’ products;

•competition in the petroleum and nitrogen fertilizer businesses, including potential impacts of domestic and global supply and demand and/or domestic or international duties, tariffs, or similar costs;

•capital expenditures;

•changes in our or our segments’ credit profiles and the effects of higher interest rates;

•the cyclical and seasonal nature of the petroleum and nitrogen fertilizer businesses;

•the supply, availability and price levels of essential raw materials and feedstocks, and the effects of inflation thereupon;

•our production levels, including the risk of a material decline in those levels;

•accidents or other unscheduled shutdowns or interruptions affecting our facilities, machinery, or equipment, or those of our suppliers or customers;

•existing and future laws, regulations or rulings, including but not limited to those relating to the environment, climate change, renewables, safety, security and/or the transportation of production of hazardous chemicals like ammonia, including potential liabilities or capital requirements arising from such laws, regulations or rulings;

•erosion of demand for our products due to increasing focus on climate change and environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) initiatives;

•potential operating hazards from accidents, fire, severe weather, tornadoes, floods, or other natural disasters;

•the impact of weather on commodity supply and/or pricing and on the nitrogen fertilizer business including our ability to produce, market or sell fertilizer products profitability or at all;

•rulings, judgments or settlements in litigation, tax or other legal or regulatory matters;

•the dependence of the nitrogen fertilizer business on customers and distributors including to transport goods and equipment;

•the reliance on, or the ability to procure economically or at all, pet coke for our nitrogen fertilizer business purchases from Coffeyville Resources Refining & Marketing, LLC (“CRRM”) and third-party suppliers or the natural gas, electricity, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur processing and compressed dry air and other products purchased from third parties by the nitrogen fertilizer and petroleum businesses;

•risks associated with third party operation of or control over important facilities necessary for operation of our refineries and nitrogen fertilizer facilities;

September 30, 2022 | 3

•risks of terrorism, cybersecurity attacks, and the security of chemical manufacturing facilities and other matters beyond our control;

•political disturbances, geopolitical instability and tensions, and associated changes in global trade policies and economic sanctions, including, but not limited to, in connection with Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 and any ongoing conflicts in the region;

•our lack of diversification of assets or operating and supply areas;

•the petroleum business’ and nitrogen fertilizer business’ dependence on significant customers and the creditworthiness and performance by counterparties;

•the potential loss of the nitrogen fertilizer business’ transportation cost advantage over its competitors;

•the potential inability to successfully implement our business strategies at all or on time and within our anticipated budgets, including significant capital programs or projects, turnarounds or renewable or carbon reduction initiatives at our refineries and fertilizer facilities, including pretreater, carbon sequestration, segregation of our renewables business and other projects;

•our ability to continue to license the technology used for our operations;

•our petroleum business’ purchase of, or ability to purchase, renewable identification numbers (“RINs”) on a timely and cost effective basis or at all;

•the impact of refined product demand and declining inventories on refined product prices and crack spreads;

•Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries’ and its allies’ (“OPEC+”) production levels and pricing;

•the impact of RINs pricing, our blending and purchasing activities and governmental actions, including by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (the “EPA”) on our RIN obligations, open RINs positions, small refinery exemptions, and our estimated consolidated cost to comply with our Renewable Fuel Standard (“RFS”) obligations;

•our businesses’ ability to obtain, retain or renew environmental and other governmental permits, licenses or authorizations necessary for the operation of its business;

•our ability to successfully complete our restructuring initiative and the benefits thereof;

•existing and proposed laws, regulations or rulings, including but not limited to those relating to climate change, alternative energy or fuel sources, and existing and future regulations related to the end-use of our products or the application of fertilizers;

•ESG including but not limited to compliance with ESG-related recommendations or directives and risks or impacts relating thereto, whether from regulators, rating agencies, lenders, investors, litigants, customers, vendors, the public or others;

•refinery and nitrogen fertilizer facilities’ operating hazards and interruptions, including unscheduled maintenance or downtime and the availability of adequate insurance coverage;

•risks related to services provided by or competition among our subsidiaries, including conflicts of interests and control of CVR Partners, LP’s general partner;

•instability and volatility in the capital, credit and commodities markets and in the global economy, including due to the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict;

•restrictions in our debt agreements;

•asset impairments and impacts thereof;

•the variable nature of CVR Partners, LP’s distributions, including the ability of its general partner to modify or revoke its distribution policy, or to cease making cash distributions on its common units;

•changes in tax and other laws, regulations and policies, including, without limitation, actions of the Biden Administration that impact conventional fuel operations or favor renewable energy projects in the U.S.;

•changes in CVR Partners’ treatment as a partnership for U.S. federal income or state tax purposes;

•our ability to recover under our insurance policies for damages or losses in full or at all; and

•the factors described in greater detail under “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 and our other filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

All forward-looking statements contained in this Report only speak as of the date of this Report. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that occur after the date of this Report, or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, except to the extent required by law.

Information About Us

Investors should note that we make available, free of charge on our website at cvrenergy.com, our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. We also post announcements, updates, events, investor information and presentations on our website in addition to copies of all recent news releases. We may use the Investor Relations section of our website to communicate with investors. It is possible that the financial and other information posted there could be deemed to be material information. Documents and information on our website are not incorporated by reference herein.

The SEC maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers, including us, that file electronically with the SEC.

September 30, 2022 | 4

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.  Financial Statements

CVR ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(unaudited)

(in millions)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents (including $119 and $113, respectively, of consolidated variable interest entity (“VIE”))	$	618	$	510
Accounts receivable (including $54 and $88, respectively, of VIE)	320		299
Inventories (including $65 and $52, respectively, of VIE)	632		484
Prepaid expenses and other current assets (including $3 and $9, respectively, of VIE)	88		76
Total current assets	1,658		1,369
Property, plant and equipment, net (including $826 and $850, respectively, of VIE)	2,267		2,273
Other long-term assets (including $15 and $14, respectively, of VIE)	281		264
Total assets	$	4,206	$	3,906
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable (including $79 and $50, respectively, of VIE)	$	557	$	409
Other current liabilities (including $105 and $111, respectively, of VIE)	974		747
Total current liabilities	1,531		1,156
Long-term liabilities:
Long-term debt and finance lease obligations, net of current portion (including $547 and $611, respectively, of VIE)	1,587		1,654
Deferred income taxes	245		268
Other long-term liabilities (including $17 and $12, respectively, of VIE)	72		58
Total long-term liabilities	1,904		1,980
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 12)
CVR stockholders’ equity
CVR Energy stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share; 350,000,000 shares authorized; 100,629,209 and 100,629,209 shares issued as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively	1		1
Additional paid-in-capital	1,508		1,510
Accumulated deficit	(947)		(956)
Treasury stock, 98,610 shares at cost	(2)		(2)
Total CVR stockholders’ equity	560		553
Noncontrolling interest	211		217
Total equity	771		770
Total liabilities and equity	$	4,206	$	3,906

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

September 30, 2022 | 5

CVR ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions, except per share data)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net sales	$	2,699	$	1,883	$	8,216	$	5,129
Operating costs and expenses:
Cost of materials and other	2,267		1,473		6,619		4,381
Direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	218		137		545		409
Depreciation and amortization	74		65		210		199
Cost of sales	2,559		1,675		7,374		4,989
Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	35		30		110		85
Depreciation and amortization	1		2		5		6
Loss on asset disposal	1		1		1		3
Operating income	103		175		726		46
Other (expense) income:
Interest expense, net	(19)		(23)		(67)		(92)
Investment (loss) income on marketable securities	—		(1)		—		82
Other income (expense), net	3		2		(81)		12
Income before income tax expense	87		153		578		48
Income tax expense (benefit)	7		47		106		(1)
Net income	80		106		472		49
Less: Net (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interest	(13)		22		121		10
Net income attributable to CVR Energy stockholders	$	93	$	84	$	351	$	39
Basic and diluted earnings per share	$	0.92	$	0.83	$	3.49	$	0.38
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:
Basic and diluted	100.5		100.5		100.5		100.5

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

September 30, 2022 | 6

CVR ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

(unaudited)

	Common Stockholders
(in millions, except share data)	Shares Issued	$0.01 Par Value Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Treasury Stock		Total CVR Stockholders’ Equity		Noncontrolling Interest		Total Equity
Balance at December 31, 2021	100,629,209	$	1	$	1,510	$	(956)	$	(2)	$	553	$	217	$	770
Distributions from CVR Partners to its public unitholders	—	—		—		—		—		—		(36)		(36)
Changes in equity due to CVR Partners’ common unit repurchases	—	—		(2)		—		—		(2)		(9)		(11)
Other	—	—		—		(1)		—		(1)		1		—
Net income	—	—		—		94		—		94		59		153
Balance at March 31, 2022	100,629,209	1		1,508		(863)		(2)		644		232		876
Dividends paid to CVR Energy stockholders	—	—		—		(40)		—		(40)		—		(40)
Distributions from CVR Partners to its public unitholders	—	—		—		—		—		—		(15)		(15)
Net income	—	—		—		165		—		165		74		239
Balance at June 30, 2022	100,629,209	1		1,508		(738)		(2)		769		291		1,060
Dividends paid to CVR Energy stockholders	—	—		—		(302)		—		(302)		—		(302)
Distributions from CVR Partners to its public unitholders	—	—		—		—		—		—		(67)		(67)
Net income (loss)	—	—		—		93		—		93		(13)		80
Balance at September 30, 2022	100,629,209	$	1	$	1,508	$	(947)	$	(2)	$	560	$	211	$	771

	Common Stockholders
(in millions, except share data)	Shares Issued	$0.01 Par Value Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Treasury Stock		Total CVR Stockholders’ Equity		Noncontrolling Interest		Total Equity
Balance at December 31, 2020	100,629,209	$	1	$	1,510	$	(490)	$	(2)	$	1,019	$	200	$	1,219
Changes in equity due to CVR  Partners’ common unit repurchases	—	—		—		—		—		—		(1)		(1)
Other	—	—		—		1		—		1		—		1
Net loss	—	—		—		(39)		—		(39)		(16)		(55)
Balance at March 31, 2021	100,629,209	1		1,510		(528)		(2)		981		183		1,164
Dividends paid to CVR Energy stockholders	—	—		—		(492)		—		(492)		—		(492)
Net (loss) income	—	—		—		(6)		—		(6)		4		(2)
Balance at June 30, 2021	100,629,209	1		1,510		(1,026)		(2)		483		187		670
Distributions from CVR Partners to its public unitholders	—	—		—		—		—		—		(11)		(11)
Net income	—	—		—		84		—		84		22		106
Balance at September 30, 2021	100,629,209	$	1	$	1,510	$	(942)	$	(2)	$	567	$	198	$	765

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

September 30, 2022 | 7

CVR ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)	2022		2021
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	472	$	49
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	215		205
Gain on marketable securities	—		(82)
Deferred income taxes	(22)		(34)
Loss on asset disposal	1		3
Loss on extinguishment of debt	1		8
Share-based compensation	49		31
Unrealized gain on derivatives, net	(5)		(16)
Other items	3		4
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Current assets and liabilities	157		209
Non-current assets and liabilities	(3)		5
Net cash provided by operating activities	868		382
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures	(145)		(188)
Turnaround expenditures	(74)		(3)
Acquisition of pipeline assets	—		(20)
Proceeds from sale of assets	—		7
Other investing activities	2		—
Net cash used in investing activities	(217)		(204)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of senior secured notes	—		550
Principal payments on senior secured notes	(65)		(567)
Repurchase of common units by CVR Partners	(12)		(1)
Dividends to CVR Energy’s stockholders	(342)		(241)
Distributions to CVR Partners’ noncontrolling interest holders	(118)		(11)
Other financing activities	(6)		(9)
Net cash used in financing activities	(543)		(279)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	108		(101)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	517		674
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	625	$	573

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

September 30, 2022 | 8

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

(1) Organization and Nature of Business

Organization

CVR Energy, Inc. (“CVR Energy,” “CVR,” “we,” “us,” “our,” or the “Company”) is a diversified holding company primarily engaged in the petroleum refining and nitrogen fertilizer manufacturing industries through its holdings in CVR Refining, LP (the “Petroleum Segment” or “CVR Refining”) and CVR Partners, LP (the “Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment” or “CVR Partners”). CVR Refining is an independent petroleum refiner and marketer of high value transportation fuels primarily in the form of gasoline and diesel fuels, as well as renewable diesel. CVR Partners produces and markets nitrogen fertilizers primarily in the form of urea ammonium nitrate (“UAN”) and ammonia. CVR’s common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “CVI.” Icahn Enterprises L.P. and its affiliates (“IEP”) owned approximately 71% of the Company’s outstanding common stock as of September 30, 2022.

CVR Partners, LP

Interest Holders - As of September 30, 2022, public common unitholders held approximately 63% of CVR Partners’ outstanding common units and CVR Services, LLC (“CVR Services”), a wholly owned subsidiary of CVR Energy, held the remaining approximately 37% of CVR Partners’ outstanding common units. In addition, CVR Services held 100% of the interests in CVR Partners’ general partner, CVR GP, LLC (“CVR GP”), which held a non-economic general partner interest in CVR Partners as of September 30, 2022. The noncontrolling interest reflected on the condensed consolidated balance sheets of CVR is only impacted by the net income of, and distributions from, CVR Partners.

Unit Repurchase Program - On May 6, 2020, the board of directors of CVR Partners’ general partner (the “UAN GP Board”), on behalf of CVR Partners, authorized a unit repurchase program (the “Unit Repurchase Program”), which was increased on February 22, 2021. The Unit Repurchase Program, as increased, authorized CVR Partners to repurchase up to $20 million of the CVR Partners’ common units. During the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, CVR Partners did not repurchase any common units. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, CVR Partners repurchased 111,695 and 24,378 common units, respectively, on the open market in accordance with a repurchase agreement under Rules 10b5-1 and 10b-18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, at a cost of $12 million and $1 million, respectively, exclusive of transaction costs, or an average price of $110.98 and $21.69 per common unit, respectively. As of September 30, 2022, CVR Partners, considering all repurchases made since inception of the Unit Repurchase Program, had a nominal amount in authority remaining under the Unit Repurchase Program. This Unit Repurchase Program does not obligate CVR Partners to repurchase any common units and may be cancelled or terminated by the UAN GP Board at any time.

As a result of these repurchases, and the resulting change in CVR Energy’s ownership of CVR Partners while maintaining control, CVR Energy recognized a decrease of $2 million to additional paid-in capital from the reduction of non-controlling interests totaling $3 million and a related reduction of a deferred tax liability totaling $1 million from changes in its book versus tax basis in CVR Partners as of September 30, 2022. CVR Energy recognized a nominal increase to additional paid-in capital from the non-cash reduction of non-controlling interests totaling $0.1 million and the recognition of a deferred tax liability totaling $0.1 million from changes in its book versus tax basis in CVR Partners as of December 31, 2021.

(2) Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the December 31, 2021 audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in CVR Energy’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 (the “2021 Form 10-K”).

Our condensed consolidated financial statements include the consolidated results of CVR Partners, which is defined as a variable interest entity.

In the opinion of the Company’s management, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments that are necessary for fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations of the Company for the periods presented. Such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature, unless otherwise disclosed.

September 30, 2022 | 9

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

Certain reclassifications have been made within the condensed consolidated financial statements for prior periods to conform with current presentation.

The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of certain assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that will be realized for the year ending December 31, 2022 or any other interim or annual period.

(3) Recent Accounting Pronouncements and Accounting Changes

Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Implemented

In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) - Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, which provides optional guidance to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting. This guidance applies to contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions affected by the discontinuation of the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) and other interbank offered rates. The guidance is effective beginning on March 12, 2020 through the sunset date of Topic 848, which is currently expected to occur on December 31, 2022. The Company has not utilized any of the optional expedients or exceptions available under this guidance and will continue to assess whether this guidance is applicable throughout the effective period.

(4) Inventories

Inventories consisted of the following:

(in millions)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Finished goods	$	281	$	215
Raw materials	244		177
In-process inventories	25		20
Parts, supplies and other	82		72
Total inventories	$	632	$	484

(5) Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment consisted of the following:

(in millions)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Machinery and equipment	$	4,162	$	4,033
Buildings and improvements	87		88
ROU finance leases	79		81
Land and improvements	72		71
Furniture and fixtures	35		37
Construction in progress	131		142
Other	14		15
	4,580		4,467
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(2,313)		(2,194)
Total property, plant and equipment, net	$	2,267	$	2,273

On February 1, 2021, the Company completed a pipeline acquisition for total consideration of $23 million, which was accounted for as a business combination under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805. An intangible asset of

September 30, 2022 | 10

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

$3 million was recognized in Other long-term assets related to acquired contracts that is being amortized over less than three years. The accounting for the business combination was finalized during January 2022.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company had not identified the existence of an impairment indicator for our long-lived asset groups as outlined under ASC 360.

(6) Leases

Lease Overview

We lease certain pipelines, storage tanks, railcars, office space, land, and equipment across our refining, fertilizer, and corporate operations. Most of our leases include one or more renewal options to extend the lease term, which can be exercised at our sole discretion. Certain leases also include options to purchase the leased property. The depreciable life of leased assets and leasehold improvements are limited by the expected lease term, unless there is a transfer of title or purchase option reasonably certain of exercise. Certain of our lease agreements include rental payments which are adjusted periodically for factors such as inflation. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. Additionally, we do not have any material lessor or sub-leasing arrangements.

Balance Sheet Summary as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021

The following tables summarize the right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and lease liability balances for the Company’s operating and finance leases at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

	September 30, 2022				December 31, 2021
(in millions)	Operating Leases		Finance Leases		Operating Leases		Finance Leases
ROU assets, net
Pipeline and storage	$	17	$	21	$	17	$	23
Railcars	4		—		6		—
Real estate and other	14		15		14		18
Lease liability
Pipelines and storage	17		33		17		35
Railcars	4		—		6		—
Real estate and other	14		17		14		19

Lease Expense Summary for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

We recognize lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term and short-term lease expense within Direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization). For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, we recognized lease expense comprised of the following components:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Operating lease expense	$	4	$	3	$	12	$	11
Finance lease expense:
Amortization of ROU asset	2		2		5		5
Interest expense on lease liability	1		1		4		4
Short-term lease expense	3		2		7		6

September 30, 2022 | 11

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

Lease Terms and Discount Rates

The following outlines the remaining lease terms and discount rates used in the measurement of the Company’s ROU assets and lease liabilities:

	September 30, 2022				December 31, 2021
	Operating Leases		Finance Leases		Operating Leases		Finance Leases
Weighted-average remaining lease term	3.9 years		6.5 years		4.1 years		7.2 years
Weighted-average discount rate	5.1	%	9.0	%	5.4	%	9.0	%

Maturities of Lease Liabilities

The following summarizes the remaining minimum lease payments through maturity of the Company’s lease liabilities at September 30, 2022:

(in millions)	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
Remainder of 2022	$	5	$	3
2023	14		11
2024	10		10
2025	4		10
2026	3		10
Thereafter	4		23
Total lease payments	40		67
Less: imputed interest	(5)		(17)
Total lease liability	$	35	$	50

On February 21, 2022, Coffeyville Resources Nitrogen Fertilizers, LLC (“CRNF”), a wholly owned subsidiary of CVR Partners, entered into the First Amendment to the On-Site Product Supply Agreement with Messer LLC (“Messer”), which amended the July 31, 2020 On-Site Product Supply Agreement (as amended, the “Messer Agreement”). Under the Messer Agreement, among other obligations, Messer is obligated to supply and make certain capital improvements during the term of the Messer Agreement, and CRNF is obligated to take as available and pay for, oxygen, nitrogen, and compressed dry air from Messer’s facility. This arrangement for CRNF’s purchase of oxygen, nitrogen, and dry air from Messer does not meet the definition of a lease under FASB ASC Topic 842, Leases (“Topic 842”), as CRNF does not expect to receive substantially all of the output of Messer’s on-site production from its air separation unit over the life of the Messer Agreement. The Messer Agreement also obligates Messer to install a new oxygen storage vessel, related equipment and infrastructure (“Oxygen Storage Vessel” or “Vessel”) to be used solely by the Coffeyville Fertilizer Facility. The arrangement for the use of the Oxygen Storage Vessel meets the definition of a lease under Topic 842, as CRNF will receive all output associated with the Vessel. Based on terms outlined in the Messer Agreement, the Company expects the lease of the Oxygen Storage Vessel to be classified as a financing lease with an amount of approximately $25 million being capitalized upon lease commencement when the Vessel is placed in service, which is currently expected within the next 12 months.

On July 14, 2022, the Company entered into the Sixth Amendment to the Sugar Land Plaza Office Building Agreement with LCFRE Sugar Land Town Square, LLC (“LCFRE”), which amends the Sugar Land Plaza Office Building Agreement dated 2016 (as amended, the “LCFRE Agreement”). Under the LCFRE Agreement, LCFRE will provide office space to the Company which will continue to serve as the Company’s corporate office in Sugar Land, Texas and will commence on October 1, 2023. Based on the terms outlined in the LCFRE Agreement, the Company expects the lease to be classified as an operating lease under Topic 842, with approximately $12 million capitalized upon lease commencement.

September 30, 2022 | 12

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

(7) Other Current Liabilities

Other current liabilities were as follows:

(in millions)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Accrued Renewable Fuel Standards (“RFS”) obligation	$	715	$	494
Deferred revenue	65		87
Share-based compensation	45		15
Personnel accruals	45		46
Accrued taxes other than income taxes	43		45
Accrued interest	18		24
Operating lease liabilities	14		13
Current portion of long-term debt and finance lease obligations	6		6
Derivatives	—		2
Other accrued expenses and liabilities	23		15
Total other current liabilities	$	974	$	747

(8) Long-Term Debt and Finance Lease Obligations

Long-term debt and finance lease obligations consisted of the following:

(in millions)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
CVR Partners:
9.25% Senior Secured Notes, due June 2023 (1)	$	—	$	65
6.125% Senior Secured Notes, due June 2028	550		550
Unamortized discount and debt issuance costs	(3)		(4)
Total CVR Partners debt, net of current portion	$	547	$	611
CVR Refining:
Finance lease obligations, net of current portion	44		48
Total CVR Refining debt, net of current portion	$	44	$	48
CVR Energy:
5.25% Senior Notes, due February 2025	$	600	$	600
5.75% Senior Notes, due February 2028	400		400
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(4)		(5)
Total CVR Energy debt	$	996	$	995
Total long-term debt and finance lease obligations, net of current portion	$	1,587	$	1,654
Current portion of finance lease obligations	6		6
Total long-term debt and finance lease obligations, including current portion	$	1,593	$	1,660

(1)The $65 million outstanding balance of the 9.25% Senior Secured Notes, due June 2023 (the “2023 UAN Notes”) was paid in full on February 22, 2022 at par, plus accrued and unpaid interest.

September 30, 2022 | 13

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

Credit Agreements

(in millions)	Total Available Borrowing Capacity		Amount Borrowed as of September 30, 2022		Outstanding Letters of Credit		Available Capacity as of September 30, 2022		Maturity Date
CVR Partners:
Asset Based (“Nitrogen Fertilizer ABL”) Credit Agreement (1)	$	35	$	—	$	—	$	35	September 30, 2024
CVR Refining:
Amended and Restated Asset Based (“Petroleum ABL”) Credit Agreement (2)	$	275	$	—	$	28	$	247	June 30, 2027

(1)Beginning September 30, 2021, loans under the Nitrogen Fertilizer ABL bear interest at an annual rate equal to, at the option of the borrowers, (i) (a) 1.615% plus the daily simple Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) or (b) 0.615% plus a base rate, if CVR Partners’ quarterly excess availability is greater than or equal to 75%, (ii) (a) 1.865% plus SOFR or (b) 0.865% plus a base rate, if CVR Partners’ quarterly excess availability is greater than or equal to 50% but less than 75%, or (iii) (a) 2.115% plus SOFR or (b) 1.115% plus a base rate, otherwise.

(2)Beginning June 30, 2022, loans under the Petroleum ABL bear interest at an annual rate equal to, at the option of the borrowers, (i) (a) 1.50% plus the Term SOFR (as defined in the Petroleum ABL) or (b) 0.50% plus a base rate, if CVR Refining’s quarterly excess availability is greater than 50%, and (ii) (a) 1.75% plus the Term SOFR or (b) 0.75% plus a base rate, otherwise.

CVR Partners

2023 UAN Notes - On February 22, 2022, CVR Partners redeemed all of the outstanding 2023 UAN Notes at par and settled accrued and unpaid interest of approximately $1 million through, but not including, the date of redemption. As a result of this transaction, CVR Partners recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of $1 million, which includes the write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs and discount of less than $1 million each.

CVR Refining

Petroleum ABL - On April 12, 2022, in connection with the Petroleum ABL, a new wholly owned subsidiary of CVR Energy, CVR Renewables, LLC (“CVR Renew”), delivered to Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent and collateral agent for the secured parties, a Joinder Agreement pursuant to which CVR Renew became a borrower for all purposes under the Petroleum ABL and other Credit Documents (as defined in the Petroleum ABL).

On June 30, 2022, CVR Refining and certain of its subsidiaries (the “Credit Parties”) entered into Amendment No. 3 to the Amended and Restated ABL Credit Agreement, dated December 20, 2012 (the “Amendment”, and as amended, the “Petroleum ABL”), with a group of lenders and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent and collateral agent (the “Agent”). The Petroleum ABL is a senior secured asset based revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $275 million with a $125 million incremental facility, which is subject to additional lender commitments and certain other conditions. The proceeds of the loans may be used for capital expenditures, working capital and general corporate purposes of the Credit Parties and their subsidiaries. The Petroleum ABL provides for loans and letters of credit in an amount up to the aggregate availability under the facility, subject to meeting certain borrowing base conditions, with sub-limits of $30 million for swingline loans and $60 million (or $100 million if increased by the Agent) for letters of credit. The Petroleum ABL is scheduled to mature on June 30, 2027.

Loans under the Petroleum ABL bear interest at an annual rate equal to, at the option of the Credit Parties, (i) (a) 1.50% plus the Term SOFR (as defined in the Petroleum ABL) or (b) 0.50% plus a base rate, if CVR Refining’s quarterly excess availability is greater than 50%, and (ii) (a) 1.75% plus the Term SOFR or (b) 0.75% plus a base rate, otherwise. All borrowings under the Petroleum ABL are subject to the satisfaction of customary conditions, including absence of a default and accuracy of representations and warranties. The Credit Parties must also pay a commitment fee on the unutilized commitments and pay customary letter of credit fees.

The Petroleum ABL contains customary covenants for a financing of this type and requires the Credit Parties in certain circumstances to comply with a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio test, and contains other customary restrictive covenants that limit the Credit Parties’ ability and the ability of their subsidiaries to, among other things, incur liens, engage in a

September 30, 2022 | 14

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

consolidation, merger and purchase or sale of assets, pay dividends, incur indebtedness, make advances, investment and loans, enter into affiliate transactions, issue equity interests, or create subsidiaries and unrestricted subsidiaries.

On July 22, 2022, in connection with the Petroleum ABL, 14 newly created indirect, wholly owned subsidiaries (the “Joining Subsidiaries”) of CVR Energy delivered to the Agent a Joinder Agreement pursuant to which such Joining Subsidiaries became borrowers for all purposes under the Petroleum ABL and other Credit Documents.

CVR Energy

2025 Notes and 2028 Notes - On April 12, 2022, in connection with the 5.25% Senior Notes, due 2025 (the “2025 Notes”) and the 5.75% Senior Notes, due 2028 (the “2028 Notes” and together with the 2025 Notes, the “Notes”), issued pursuant to the Indenture dated January 27, 2020 (the “Indenture”), among CVR Energy, the subsidiary guarantors listed therein (collectively, the “Guarantors”), and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”), CVR Renew, the Guarantors, and the Trustee executed and delivered a Supplemental Indenture pursuant to which CVR Renew unconditionally guaranteed all of the Company’s obligations under the Notes on the terms and conditions set forth in the Note Guarantee and the Indenture.

On July 1, 2022, in connection with the Amendment, the Joining Subsidiaries that were not previously parties to the Indenture executed and delivered a Supplemental Indenture to the Trustee pursuant to which such Joining Subsidiaries unconditionally guaranteed all of the Company’s obligations under the Notes on the terms and conditions set forth in the Note Guarantee and the Indenture.

Covenant Compliance

The Company and its subsidiaries were in compliance with all covenants under their respective debt instruments as of September 30, 2022.

(9) Revenue

The following tables present the Company’s revenue, disaggregated by major product. The following tables also include a reconciliation of the disaggregated revenue with the Company’s reportable segments.

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022								Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
(in millions)	Petroleum Segment		Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment		Other / Elimination		Consolidated		Petroleum Segment		Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment		Other / Elimination		Consolidated
Gasoline	$	1,207	$	—	$	—	$	1,207	$	3,732	$	—	$	—	$	3,732
Distillates (1)	1,202		—		50		1,252		3,513		—		76		3,589
Ammonia	—		22		—		22		—		125		—		125
UAN	—		119		—		119		—		438		—		438
Other urea products	—		6		—		6		—		26		—		26
Freight revenue	4		7		—		11		13		27		—		40
Other (2)	49		2		19		70		209		7		20		236
Revenue from product sales	2,462		156		69		2,687		7,467		623		96		8,186
Crude oil sales	12		—		—		12		29		—		—		29
Other revenue (2)	—		—		—		—		1		—		—		1
Total revenue	$	2,474	$	156	$	69	$	2,699	$	7,497	$	623	$	96	$	8,216

September 30, 2022 | 15

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2021								Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
(in millions)	Petroleum Segment		Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment		Other / Elimination		Consolidated		Petroleum Segment		Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment		Other / Elimination		Consolidated
Gasoline	$	962	$	—	$	—	$	962	$	2,619	$	—	$	—	$	2,619
Distillates (1)	723		—		—		723		1,996		—		—		1,996
Ammonia	—		27		—		27		—		68		—		68
UAN	—		99		—		99		—		224		—		224
Other urea products	—		8		—		8		—		20		—		20
Freight revenue	5		9		—		14		16		24		—		40
Other (2)	45		2		(4)		43		117		8		(8)		117
Revenue from product sales	1,735		145		(4)		1,876		4,748		344		(8)		5,084
Crude oil sales	6		—		—		6		43		—		—		43
Other revenue (2)	1		—		—		1		2		—		—		2
Total revenue	$	1,742	$	145	$	(4)	$	1,883	$	4,793	$	344	$	(8)	$	5,129

(1)Distillates consist primarily of diesel fuel, kerosene, jet fuel, and renewable fuels activity.

(2)Other revenue consists primarily of renewable fuels activity, feedstock, asphalt sales, and pipeline and processing fees.

Transaction Price Allocated to Remaining Performance Obligations

As of September 30, 2022, the Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment had approximately $7 million of remaining performance obligations for contracts with an original expected duration of more than one year. The Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment expects to recognize approximately $2 million of these performance obligations as revenue by the end of 2022, an additional $4 million in 2023, and the remaining balance thereafter.

Contract Balances

The Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment’s deferred revenue is a contract liability that primarily relates to nitrogen fertilizer sales contracts requiring customer prepayment prior to product delivery to guarantee a price and supply of nitrogen fertilizer. A summary of the Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment’s deferred revenue activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 is presented below:

(in millions)
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	87
Add:
New prepay contracts entered into during the period (1)	80
Less:
Revenue recognized that was included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the period	(86)
Revenue recognized related to contracts entered into during the period	(16)
Balance at September 30, 2022	$	65

(1) Substantially all of the payments associated with prepaid contracts were collected as of September 30, 2022.

(10) Derivative Financial Instruments, Investments and Fair Value Measurements

Derivative Financial Instruments

Our segments are subject to fluctuations of commodity prices caused by supply and economic conditions, weather, interest rates, and other factors. To manage the impact of price fluctuations of crude oil and other commodities in our results of operations and certain inventories, and to fix margins on future sales and purchases, the Petroleum Segment uses various

September 30, 2022 | 16

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

commodity derivative instruments, such as futures and swaps. The Company has not designated any of its derivative contracts as hedge accounting and records changes in fair value and cash settlements on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

On a regular basis, the Company enters into commodity contracts with counterparties for the purchases or sale of crude oil, blendstocks, various finished products, and RINs. These contracts usually qualify for the normal purchase normal sale exception and follow the accrual method of accounting. The Petroleum Segment may enter into forward purchase or sale contracts associated with RINs. As of September 30, 2022, the Petroleum Segment had open fixed-price commitments to purchase a net amount of 32 million RINs. All other derivative instruments are recorded at fair value using mark-to-market accounting on a periodic basis utilizing third-party pricing.

The following outlines the net notional buy (sell) position of our commodity derivative instruments held as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

(in thousands of barrels)	Commodity	September 30, 2022	December 31, 2021
Forwards	Crude	(1,640)	67
Futures	Crude	—	(20)
Futures	ULSD	(225)	(220)

The following outlines the realized and unrealized gains (losses) incurred from derivative activities, all of which were recorded in Cost of materials and other on the condensed consolidated statements of operations:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Forwards	$	13	$	2	$	18	$	24
Swaps	(1)		(13)		(48)		(68)
Futures	11		(1)		(13)		(2)
Total gain (loss) on derivatives, net	$	23	$	(12)	$	(43)	$	(46)

Offsetting Assets and Liabilities

The following outlines the condensed consolidated balance sheet line items that include our derivative financial instruments and the effect of the collateral netting. Such amounts are presented on a gross basis, before the effects of collateral netting. The Company elected to offset the derivative assets and liabilities with the same counterparty on a net basis when the legal right of offset exists.

	September 30, 2022								December 31, 2021
	Derivatives				Collateral Netting		Net Value		Derivatives				Collateral Netting		Net Value
(in millions)	Assets		Liabilities						Assets		Liabilities
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	7	$	(2)	$	—	$	5	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Other current liabilities	—		—		—		—		5		(7)		—		(2)

At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had $7 million and $4 million of collateral under master netting arrangements not offset against the derivatives within Prepaid expenses and other current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets, respectively, primarily related to initial margin requirements. Our derivative instruments may contain credit risk-related contingent provisions associated with our credit ratings. If our credit rating were to be downgraded, it would allow the counterparty to require us to post collateral or to request immediate, full settlement of derivative instruments in liability positions. There are no derivative liabilities with credit risk-related contingent provisions as of September 30, 2022, and no collateral has been posted.

September 30, 2022 | 17

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

Investments

Investments consisted of equity securities, which are reported at fair value in Prepaid expenses and other current assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. These investments were considered trading securities. Investment (loss) income on marketable securities consisted of the following:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Gain (loss) on marketable securities	$	—	$	(1)	$	—	$	82
Investment (loss) income on marketable securities	$	—	$	(1)	$	—	$	82

On January 18, 2022, the Company divested its remaining nominal investment in Delek US Holdings, Inc. (“Delek”). As of September 30, 2022, the Company did not hold any investment in Delek.

Fair Value Measurements

In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 820 — Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”), the Company utilizes the market approach to measure fair value for its financial assets and liabilities. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets, liabilities or a group of assets or liabilities, such as a business.

ASC 820 utilizes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The following is a brief description of those three levels:

•Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

•Level 2 — Other significant observable inputs (including quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities)

•Level 3 — Significant unobservable inputs (including the Company’s own assumptions in determining the fair value)

The following tables set forth the assets and liabilities measured or disclosed at fair value on a recurring basis, by input level, as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

	September 30, 2022
(in millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Location and description
Prepaid expenses and other current assets (derivative financial instruments)	$	—	$	5	$	—	$	5
Total assets	$	—	$	5	$	—	$	5
Other current liabilities (RFS obligations)	$	—	$	(715)	$	—	$	(715)
Long-term debt and finance lease obligations, net of current portion (long-term debt)	—		(1,361)		—		(1,361)
Total liabilities	$	—	$	(2,076)	$	—	$	(2,076)

September 30, 2022 | 18

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

	December 31, 2021
(in millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Location and description
Prepaid expenses and other current assets (derivative financial instruments)	$	—	$	1	$	—	$	1
Total assets	$	—	$	1	$	—	$	1
Other current liabilities (derivative financial instruments)	$	—	$	(2)	$	—	$	(2)
Other current liabilities (RFS obligations)	—		(494)		—		(494)
Long-term debt and finance lease obligations, net of current portion (long-term debt)	—		(1,620)		—		(1,620)
Total liabilities	$	—	$	(2,116)	$	—	$	(2,116)

As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the only financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis are the Company’s investments, derivative instruments, and the RFS obligations. The estimated fair value of cash equivalents, including amounts invested in short-term money market funds, and restricted cash approximate their carrying amounts. The Petroleum Segment’s commodity derivative contracts and RFS obligations, which use fair value measurements and are valued using broker quoted market prices of similar instruments, are considered Level 2 inputs. The Company had no transfers of assets or liabilities between any of the above levels during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and year ended December 31, 2021.

(11) Share-Based Compensation

A summary of compensation expense during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is presented below:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Performance Unit Awards	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(3)
CVR Partners - Phantom Unit Awards	9		6		20		18
Incentive Unit Awards	4		5		29		16
Total share-based compensation expense	$	13	$	11	$	49	$	31

(12) Commitments and Contingencies

Except as described below, there have been no material changes in the Company’s commitments and contingencies disclosed in the 2021 Form 10-K and first and second quarter 2022 Forms 10-Q. In the ordinary course of business, the Company may become party to lawsuits, administrative proceedings, and governmental investigations, including environmental, regulatory, and other matters. The outcome of these matters cannot always be predicted accurately, but the Company accrues liabilities for these matters if the Company has determined that it is probable a loss has been incurred and the loss can be reasonably estimated. While it is not possible to predict the outcome of such proceedings, if one or more of them were decided against us, the Company believes there would be no material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

The Company continues to monitor its contractual arrangements and customer, vendor, and supplier relationships to determine whether and to what extent, if any, the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Russia-Ukraine conflict, the current global and domestic economic environment, including increasing interest rates and inflation or a potential recession, or ongoing crude oil, refined product, or utility price volatility will impair or excuse the performance of the Company or its subsidiaries or their customers, vendors, or suppliers under existing agreements. As of September 30, 2022, the Company had not experienced a material financial impact from any actual or threatened impairment of or excuse in its or others’ performance under such agreements.

Crude Oil Supply Agreement

Effective on August 4, 2021, an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of CVR Refining entered into the Second Amended and Restated Crude Oil Supply Agreement (the “Crude Oil Supply Agreement”) with Vitol Inc. (“Vitol”), which superseded, in its entirety, the August 31, 2012 Amended and Restated Crude Oil Supply Agreement between the parties. Under the Crude Oil Supply Agreement, Vitol supplies the Petroleum Segment with crude oil and intermediation logistics helping to reduce the amount of inventory held at certain locations and mitigate crude oil pricing risk. Volumes contracted under the Crude Oil Supply Agreement, as a percentage of the total crude oil purchases (in barrels), were approximately 30% and 41% for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and approximately 33% and 43% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Crude Oil Supply Agreement, which currently extends through December 31, 2022, automatically renews for successive one-year terms (each such term, a “Renewal Term”) unless either party provides the other with notice of non-renewal at least 180 days prior to expiration of the term or any Renewal Term.

Renewable Fuel Standards

The Company’s Petroleum Segment is subject to the RFS, implemented by the Environmental Protection Agency (the “EPA”), which requires refiners to either blend renewable fuels into their transportation fuels or purchase renewable fuel credits, known as RINs, in lieu of blending. The Petroleum Segment is not able to blend the majority of its transportation fuels and must either purchase RINs or obtain waiver credits for cellulosic biofuels, or other exemptions from the EPA, in order to comply with the RFS. Additionally, the Petroleum Segment purchases RINs generated from our renewable diesel operations, whose operating results are included in the Other Segment, to partially satisfy its RFS obligations.

The Company recognized expense of $86 million and a benefit of $16 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and expense of $328 million and $335 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, for its compliance with the RFS (based on the 2020, 2021 and 2022 renewable volume obligation (“RVO”), for the respective periods, excluding the impacts of any exemptions or waivers to which the Company may be entitled). The recognized amounts are included within Cost of materials and other in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and represent costs to comply with the RFS obligation through purchasing of RINs not otherwise reduced by blending of ethanol, biodiesel, or renewable diesel. At each reporting period, to the extent RINs purchased and generated through blending are less than the RFS obligation (excluding the impact of exemptions or waivers to which the Company may be entitled), the remaining position is valued using RIN market prices at period end. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company’s RFS positions were approximately $715 million and $494 million, respectively, and are recorded in Other current liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Litigation

Call Option Lawsuits – On August 19, 2022, the Company and certain of its affiliates (the “Call Defendants”) who are parties to the consolidated lawsuits (collectively, the “Call Option Lawsuits”) pending before the Delaware Court of Chancery (the “Chancery Court”) filed by purported former unitholders of CVR Refining on behalf of themselves and an alleged class of similarly situated unitholders relating to the Company’s exercise of the call option under the CVR Refining Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership assigned to it by CVR Refining’s general partner, entered into a Stipulation, Compromise and Release (the “Settlement”) in connection with its expected settlement of the Call Option Lawsuits for $79 million. Final approval of the Settlement is pending before the Chancery Court. If finalized, the Settlement is not currently expected to have any further impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations beyond the $79 million recognized within Other income (expense), net for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 to reflect the estimated probable loss.

In October 2022, the Call Defendants filed a First Amended Complaint in Chancery Court alleging Breach of Contract and Breach of the Implied Covenant of Good Faith and Fair Dealing against their primary and excess insurers (the “Insurers”) relating to their denial of coverage of the Call Defendants’ defense expenses and indemnity, as well as other conduct of the Insurers relating to the Call Option Lawsuits. Also in October 2022, the Call Defendants filed motions to oppose the Insurers’ Motion for Partial Summary Judgment in the lawsuit filed by the Insurers on January 27, 2021, in the 434th Judicial District Court of Fort Bend County, Texas seeking a declaratory judgment determining that they owe no indemnity coverage for the Call Option Lawsuits in relation to insurance policies that have coverage limits of $50 million. As both lawsuits are in their early stages, the Company cannot determine at this time the outcome of these lawsuits, including whether the outcome would have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

RFS Disputes – The Company has filed a number of petitions in the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit and the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Colombia Circuit challenging the EPA’s denial of small refinery exemptions sought by Wynnewood Refining Company, LLC for the 2017 through 2021 compliance periods, the EPA’s April 2022 and June 2022 alternate compliance rulings and the EPA’s Final Rule filed in July 2022 establishing RVO, and also intervened in an action filed by certain biofuels producers relating to the RFS. As each of these proceedings is in its preliminary stages, the Company cannot determine at this time the outcomes of these matters. While we intend to prosecute these actions vigorously, if these matters are ultimately concluded in a manner adverse to the Company, they could have a material effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Environmental, Health, and Safety (“EHS”) Matters

Clean Air Act Matter - In August 2022, the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit granted CRRM’s motion to stay its appeal of the March 30, 2022 decision of the United States District Court for the District of Kansas (“D. Kan.”) denying CRRM’s petition for judicial review of approximately $6.8 million in stipulated penalties (the “Stipulated Claims”) being sought by the United States (on behalf of the EPA) and the State of Kansas, through the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (“KDHE”) in connection with their allegations that CRRM violated the Federal Clean Air Act (the “CAA”) and a 2012 Consent Decree between CRRM, the United States (on behalf of the EPA) and KDHE at CRRM’s Coffeyville refinery, primarily relating to flares. CRRM previously deposited funds into a commercial escrow account relating to the Stipulated Claims, and such funds are legally restricted for use and are included within Prepaid expenses and other current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Motion practice in the lawsuit filed by the United States (on behalf of the EPA) and KDHE, which complaint was amended on February 17, 2022 (the “Amended Complaint”), alleging violations of the CAA, the Kansas State Implementation Plan, Kansas law, 40 C.F.R. Part 63 and CRRM’s permits relating to flares, heaters, and related matters and seeking civil penalties, injunctive and related relief (collectively, the “Statutory Claims”), is ongoing. In October 2022, the D. Kan granted CRRM’s mostion to dismiss counts 1 through 17 of the Amended Complaint alleging violations of certain provisions of the Kansas Air Quality Act but denied its motion to dismiss all other Statutory Claims. CRRM expects to file an answer to the Amended Complaint in November 2022.

As negotiations and proceedings relating to the Stipulated Claims and the Statutory Claims are ongoing, the Company cannot determine at this time the outcome of these matters, including whether such outcome, or any subsequent enforcement or litigation relating thereto would have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

(13) Business Segments

CVR Energy’s revenues are primarily derived from two reportable segments: the Petroleum Segment and the Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment. The Company evaluates the performance of its segments based primarily on segment operating income (loss) and Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization (“EBITDA”). For the purposes of the business segments disclosure, the Company presents operating income (loss) as it is the most comparable measure to the amounts presented on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The other amounts reflect renewable fuels activities, intercompany eliminations, corporate cash and cash equivalents, income tax activities, and other corporate activities that are not allocated or aggregated to the reportable segments.

September 30, 2022 | 19

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

The following table summarizes certain operating results and capital expenditures information by segment:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net sales:
Petroleum	$	2,474	$	1,742	$	7,497	$	4,793
Nitrogen Fertilizer	156		145		623		344
Other, including intersegment eliminations (1)	69		(4)		96		(8)
Total net sales	$	2,699	$	1,883	$	8,216	$	5,129
Operating income (loss):
Petroleum	$	137	$	135	$	564	$	(1)
Nitrogen Fertilizer	(12)		46		218		63
Other, including intersegment eliminations (1)	(22)		(6)		(56)		(16)
Total operating income (loss)	103		175		726		46
Interest expense, net	(19)		(23)		(67)		(92)
Investment (loss) income on marketable securities	—		(1)		—		82
Other income (expense), net	3		2		(81)		12
Income before income tax expense	$	87	$	153	$	578	$	48
Depreciation and amortization:
Petroleum	$	47	$	50	$	140	$	152
Nitrogen Fertilizer	22		18		64		52
Other (1)	6		(1)		11		1
Total depreciation and amortization	$	75	$	67	$	215	$	205
Capital expenditures: (2)
Petroleum	$	23	$	12	$	61	$	31
Nitrogen Fertilizer	25		7		39		14
Other (1)	20		19		59		144
Total capital expenditures	$	68	$	38	$	159	$	189

The following table summarizes total assets by segment:

(in millions)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Petroleum	$	4,247	$	3,368
Nitrogen Fertilizer	1,083		1,127
Other, including intersegment eliminations (1)	(1,124)		(589)
Total assets	$	4,206	$	3,906

(1)Other includes amounts for the Wynnewood renewable diesel unit project.

(2)Capital expenditures are shown exclusive of capitalized turnaround expenditures and business combinations.

September 30, 2022 | 20

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

(14) Supplemental Cash Flow Information

Cash flows related to income taxes, interest, leases, capital expenditures and deferred financing costs included in accounts payable, and non-cash dividends were as follows:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)	2022		2021
Supplemental disclosures:
Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds	$	131	$	35
Cash paid for interest	78		92
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	13		11
Operating cash flows from finance leases	4		4
Financing cash flows from finance leases	4		4
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Change in capital expenditures included in accounts payable (1)	14		1
Change in turnaround expenditures included in accounts payable	(1)		(1)
Change in deferred financing costs included in accounts payable	—		1
Non-cash dividends to CVR Energy stockholders	—		251

(1)Capital expenditures are shown exclusive of capitalized turnaround expenditures.

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash consisted of the following:

(in millions)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Cash and cash equivalents	$	618	$	510
Restricted cash (1)	7		7
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	625	$	517

(1)The restricted cash balance is included within Prepaid expenses and other current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(15) Related Party Transactions

Activity associated with the Company’s related party arrangements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is summarized below:

Expenses from Related Parties

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Cost of materials and other:
Enable Joint Venture Transportation Agreement	$	3	$	3	$	7	$	8
Payments:
Dividends (1)	214		—		242		348

(1)See below for a summary of the dividends paid to IEP during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and year ended December 31, 2021.

September 30, 2022 | 21

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

Corporate Master Service Agreement

On April 12, 2022, in connection with our Corporate Master Service Agreement effective January 1, 2020, by and among our wholly owned subsidiary, CVR Services, and certain other of our subsidiaries, including but not limited to CVR Partners and its subsidiaries, pursuant to which CVR Services provides the service recipients thereunder with management and other professional services (the “Corporate MSA”), 18 indirect, wholly owned subsidiaries of CVR Energy, including but not limited to CVR Renew and the Joining Subsidiaries, were joined as service recipients under the Corporate MSA.

Dividends to CVR Energy Stockholders

Dividends, if any, including the payment, amount and timing thereof, are determined in the discretion of CVR Energy’s board of directors (the “Board”). IEP, through its ownership of the Company’s common stock, is entitled to receive dividends that are declared and paid by the Company based on the number of shares held at each record date. The following table presents quarterly dividends, excluding any special dividends, paid to the Company’s stockholders, including IEP, during 2022 (amounts presented in table below may not add to totals presented due to rounding).

				Quarterly Dividends Paid (in millions)
Related Period	Date Paid	Quarterly Dividend Per Share		Public Stockholders		IEP		Total
2022 - 1st Quarter	May 23, 2022	$	0.40	$	12	$	28	$	40
2022 - 2nd Quarter	August 22, 2022	0.40		12		28		40
Total 2022 quarterly dividends		$	0.80	$	23	$	57	$	80

No quarterly dividends were paid during the first quarter of 2022 related to the fourth quarter of 2021, and there were no quarterly dividends declared or paid during 2021 related to the first, second, and third quarters of 2021 and fourth quarter of 2020.

On August 1, 2022, the Company also declared a special dividend of $2.60 per share, or $261 million, which was paid on August 22, 2022. Of this amount, IEP received $185 million due to its ownership interest in the Company’s shares.

On May 26, 2021, the Company announced a special dividend of approximately $492 million, or equivalent to $4.89 per share of the Company’s common stock, to be paid in a combination of cash (the “Cash Distribution”) and the common stock of Delek held by the Company (the “Stock Distribution”). On June 10, 2021, the Company distributed an aggregate amount of approximately $241 million, or $2.40 per share of the Company’s common stock, pursuant to the Cash Distribution, and approximately 10,539,880 shares of Delek common stock, which represented approximately 14.3% of the outstanding shares of Delek common stock, pursuant to the Stock Distribution. IEP received approximately 7,464,652 shares of common stock of Delek and $171 million in cash. The Stock Distribution was recorded as a reduction to equity through a derecognition of our investment in Delek, and the Company recognized a gain of $112 million from the initial investment in Delek through the date of the Stock Distribution.

For the third quarter of 2022, the Company, upon approval by the Board on October 31, 2022, declared a cash dividend of $0.40 per share, or $40 million, which is payable November 21, 2022 to shareholders of record as of November 14, 2022. Of this amount, IEP will receive $28 million due to its ownership interest in the Company’s shares.

In addition, the Company, upon approval by the Board on October 31, 2022, declared a special dividend of $1.00 per share, or $101 million, which is payable November 21, 2022 to shareholders of record as of November 14, 2022. Of this amount, IEP will receive $71 million due to its ownership interest in the Company’s shares.

Distributions to CVR Partners’ Unitholders

Distributions, if any, including the payment, amount and timing thereof, are subject to change at the discretion of the UAN GP Board. The following table presents quarterly distributions paid by CVR Partners to its unitholders, including amounts

September 30, 2022 | 22

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

received by the Company, during 2022 and 2021 (amounts presented in tables below may not add to totals presented due to rounding).

				Quarterly Distributions Paid (in millions)
Related Period	Date Paid	Quarterly Distributions Per Common Unit		Public Unitholders		CVR Energy		Total
2021 - 4th Quarter	March 14, 2022	$	5.24	$	36	$	20	$	56
2022 - 1st Quarter	May 23, 2022	2.26		15		9		24
2022 - 2nd Quarter	August 22, 2022	10.05		67		39		106
Total 2022 quarterly distributions		$	17.55	$	118	$	68	$	186

				Quarterly Distributions Paid (in millions)
Related Period	Date Paid	Quarterly Distributions  Per Common Unit		Public Unitholders		CVR Energy		Total
2021 - 2nd Quarter	August 23, 2021	$	1.72	$	11	$	7	$	18
2021 - 3rd Quarter	November 22, 2021	2.93		20		11		31
Total 2021 quarterly distributions		$	4.65	$	31	$	18	$	50

There were no quarterly distributions declared or paid by CVR Partners related to the first quarter of 2021 and fourth quarter of 2020.

For the third quarter of 2022, CVR Partners, upon approval by the UAN GP Board on October 31, 2022, declared a distribution of $1.77 per common unit, or $19 million, which is payable November 21, 2022 to unitholders of record as of November 14, 2022. Of this amount, CVR Energy will receive approximately $7 million, with the remaining amount payable to public unitholders.

September 30, 2022 | 23

Item 2.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 23, 2022 (the “2021 Form 10-K”), and the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes and with the statistical information and financial data appearing in this Report. Results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of results to be attained for any other period. See “Important Information Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

Reflected in this discussion and analysis is how management views the Company’s current financial condition and results of operations, along with key external variables and management’s actions that may impact the Company. Understanding significant external variables, such as market conditions, weather, and seasonal trends, among others, and management actions taken to manage the Company, address external variables, among others, will increase users’ understanding of the Company, its financial condition and results of operations. This discussion may contain forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates and beliefs. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed below and elsewhere in this Report.

Company Overview

CVR Energy, Inc. (“CVR Energy,” “CVR,” “we,” “us,” “our,” or the “Company”) is a diversified holding company primarily engaged in the petroleum refining and nitrogen fertilizer manufacturing industries through our holdings in CVR Refining, LP (“CVR Refining”) and CVR Partners, LP (“CVR Partners”), respectively. CVR Refining is a refiner that does not have crude oil exploration or production operations (an “independent petroleum refiner”) and is a marketer of high value transportation fuels primarily in the form of gasoline and diesel fuels, as well as renewable diesel. CVR Partners produces and markets nitrogen fertilizers primarily in the form of ammonia and urea ammonium nitrate (“UAN”). At September 30, 2022, we owned the general partner and approximately 37% of the outstanding common units representing limited partner interests in CVR Partners. As of September 30, 2022, Icahn Enterprises L.P. and its affiliates (“IEP”) owned approximately 71% of our outstanding common stock.

We operate under two reportable business segments: petroleum and nitrogen fertilizer, which are referred to in this document as our “Petroleum Segment” and our “Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment,” respectively.

On February 22, 2022, in connection with our focus on decarbonization, we announced that our board of directors (the “Board”) had approved a plan to restructure our business to segregate our renewables business. As part of this restructuring, in the first quarter of 2022, we formed 16 new indirect, wholly owned subsidiaries (“NewCos”) of CVR Energy. In addition, in April 2022, in connection with our Corporate Master Service Agreement effective January 1, 2020, by and among our wholly owned subsidiary, CVR Services, LLC (“CVR Services”), and certain other of our subsidiaries, including but not limited to CVR Partners and its subsidiaries, pursuant to which CVR Services provides the service recipients thereunder with management and other professional services (the “Corporate MSA”), 18 indirect, wholly owned subsidiaries of CVR Energy, including but not limited to CVR Renewables, LLC (“CVR Renew”), were joined as service recipients under the Corporate MSA. Over the coming year, the Company intends to evaluate the transfer of certain additional assets to these NewCos to, among other purposes, better align our organizational structure with management, financial reporting, and our goal to maximize our renewables focus. Effective July 1, 2022, the Company completed the first of several planned intercompany asset transfers related to the restructuring and entered into certain agreements related thereto. At the present time, we expect the restructuring to be completed during the first quarter of 2023.

Strategy and Goals

The Company has adopted Mission and Values, which articulate the Company’s expectations for how it and its employees do business each and every day.

September 30, 2022 | 24

Mission and Values

Our Mission is to be a top tier North American renewable fuels, petroleum refining, and nitrogen-based fertilizer company as measured by safe and reliable operations, superior performance and profitable growth. The foundation of how we operate is built on five core Values:

•Safety - We always put safety first. The protection of our employees, contractors and communities is paramount. We have an unwavering commitment to safety above all else. If it’s not safe, then we don’t do it.

•Environment - We care for our environment. Complying with all regulations and minimizing any environmental impact from our operations is essential. We understand our obligation to the environment and that it’s our duty to protect it.

•Integrity - We require high business ethics. We comply with the law and practice sound corporate governance. We only conduct business one way—the right way with integrity.

•Corporate Citizenship - We are proud members of the communities where we operate. We are good neighbors and know that it’s a privilege we can’t take for granted. We seek to make a positive economic and social impact through our financial donations and the contributions of time, knowledge and talent of our employees to the places where we live and work.

•Continuous Improvement - We believe in both individual and team success. We foster accountability under a performance-driven culture that supports creative thinking, teamwork, diversity and personal development so that employees can realize their maximum potential. We use defined work practices for consistency, efficiency and to create value across the organization.

Our core values are driven by our people, inform the way we do business each and every day and enhance our ability to accomplish our mission and related strategic objectives.

Strategic Objectives

We have outlined the following strategic objectives to drive the accomplishment of our mission:

Environmental Health & Safety (“EH&S”) - We aim to achieve continuous improvement in all EH&S areas through ensuring our people’s commitment to environmental, health and safety comes first, the refinement of existing policies, continuous training, and enhanced monitoring procedures.

Reliability - Our goal is to achieve industry-leading utilization rates at our facilities through safe and reliable operations. We are focusing on improvements in day-to-day plant operations, identifying alternative sources for plant inputs to reduce lost time due to third-party operational constraints, and optimizing our commercial and marketing functions to maintain plant operations at their highest level.

Market Capture - We continuously evaluate opportunities to improve the facilities’ realized pricing at the gate and reduce variable costs incurred in production to maximize our capture of market opportunities.

Financial Discipline - We strive to be as efficient as possible by maintaining low operating costs and disciplined deployment of capital.

September 30, 2022 | 25

Achievements

From the beginning of the fiscal year through the date of filing, we successfully executed a number of achievements in support of our strategic objectives shown below:

	Safety	Reliability	Market Capture	Financial Discipline
Achieved reductions in environmental events, process safety management tier 1 incidents and total recordable incident rate of 23%, 70% and 67%, respectively, compared to the first nine months of 2021	ü
Declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.40 per share and a special dividend of $1.00 per share for the third quarter of 2022, bringing total dividends declared to date of $4.80 per share related to the first nine months of 2022			ü	ü
Progressed plan to restructure our business to segregate our renewables operations, including the creation of new entities and intercompany transfer of certain assets thereto			ü	ü
Completed the conversion of the Wynnewood hydrocracker to renewable diesel service			ü	ü
Petroleum Segment:
Achieved reductions in environmental events, process safety management tier 1 incidents and total recordable incident rate of 36%, 20% and 57%, respectively, compared to the first nine months of 2021	ü
Operated our refineries safely and reliably and at high utilization rates	ü	ü	ü
Safely completed the planned turnaround at the Wynnewood Refinery on time and on budget		ü	ü	ü
Completed an amendment and extension of the CVR Refining Asset Based Credit Agreement				ü
Achieved record truck-gathered crude oil volumes in the third quarter of 2022			ü
Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment:
Achieved reductions in process safety management tier 1 incidents and total recordable incident rate of 100% and 79%, respectively, compared to the first nine months of 2021	ü
Operated both fertilizer facilities safely	ü
Safely completed the planned turnarounds at both fertilizer facilities on time and on budget, as well as inspected, repaired and replaced major equipment as necessary during this downtime	ü	ü	ü	ü
Achieved record UAN production volumes at the Coffeyville Fertilizer Facility in March 2022		ü	ü
Declared cash distribution of $1.77 per common unit for the third quarter of 2022, bringing cumulative distributions declared to date of $14.08 per common unit related to the first nine months of 2022			ü	ü
Achieved average reduction in CO2e emissions of over 1 million metric tons per year since 2020 for CVR Partners	ü
Completed CVR Partners’ targeted $95 million debt reduction plan with the repayment of the remaining $65 million balance of its 9.25% Senior Secured Notes, due 2023 (the “2023 UAN Notes”) in the first quarter of 2022 for a total reduction in annual cash interest expense of approximately $9 million				ü
Repurchased over 111,000 CVR Partners common units for $12 million				ü

September 30, 2022 | 26

Industry Factors and Market Indicators

General Business Environment

Russia-Ukraine Conflict and Global Market Conditions - In February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine, disrupting the global oil, fertilizer, and agriculture markets, and leading to heightened uncertainty in the worldwide economy recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic. In response, many countries have formally or informally adopted sanctions on a number of Russian exports, including Russian oil and natural gas, and individuals affiliated with Russian government leadership. These sanctions, thus far, have resulted in oil price volatility, continued elevation of natural gas prices, and should continue to impact commodity prices in the near-term, which could have a material effect on our financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations. A global recession stemming from market volatility and higher price levels could result in demand destruction. The ultimate outcome of the Russia-Ukraine conflict and any associated market disruptions, as well as the potential for high inflation and/or economic recession, are difficult to predict and may materially affect our business, operations, and cash flows in unforeseen ways.

COVID-19 - The COVID-19 pandemic remains a dynamic and continuously evolving situation with unknown short and long-term economic challenges that could reverse any recent improvements. Further, the spread of variants of COVID-19 could cause restrictions to be reinstated, and the extent to which the pandemic may impact our business, financial condition, liquidity, or results of operations cannot be determined at this time.

Petroleum Segment

The earnings and cash flows of the Petroleum Segment are primarily affected by the relationship between refined product prices and the prices for crude oil and other feedstocks that are processed and blended into refined products together with the cost of refinery compliance. The cost to acquire crude oil and other feedstocks and the price for which refined products are ultimately sold depends on factors beyond the Petroleum Segment’s control, including the supply of, and demand for crude oil, as well as gasoline and other refined products which, in turn, depend on, among other factors, changes in domestic and foreign economies, driving habits, weather conditions, domestic and foreign political affairs, production levels, the availability or permissibly of imports and exports, the marketing of competitive fuels, and the extent of government regulation. Because the Petroleum Segment applies first-in first-out accounting to value its inventory, crude oil price movements may impact net income because of changes in the value of its unhedged inventory. The effect of changes in crude oil prices on the Petroleum Segment results of operations is partially influenced by the rate at which the processing of refined products adjusts to reflect these changes.

The prices of crude oil and other feedstocks and refined products are also affected by other factors, such as product pipeline capacity, system inventory, local and regional market conditions, inflation, and the operating levels of other refineries. Crude oil costs and the prices of refined products have historically been subject to wide fluctuations. Widespread expansion or upgrades of third party facilities, price volatility, international political and economic developments, and other factors are likely to continue to play an important role in refining industry economics. These factors can impact, among other things, the level of inventories in the market, resulting in price volatility and a reduction in product margins. Moreover, the refining industry typically experiences seasonal fluctuations in demand for refined products, such as increases in the demand for gasoline during the summer driving season and for volatile seasonal exports of diesel from the United States Gulf Coast.

As a result of government actions taken to curb the spread of COVID-19, and variants thereof, and significant business interruptions, the demand for gasoline and diesel in the regions in which our Petroleum Segment operates declined substantially beginning at the end of the first quarter of 2020. However, building on recovery signs observed in late 2020, the U.S. market for refined products continued to show signs of recovery throughout 2021 and into 2022. Gasoline demand increased due to increased mobility, which is the main driver for highway travel, while the increase in diesel demand is generally a result of the opening of coastal states such as California, New York, New Jersey, and Florida to global shipping and commerce. The combination of improving demand, declining inventories, loss of domestic and foreign operating refining capacities, and conversion to renewable diesel facilities led to an increase in refined products prices and crack spreads during 2021 and into 2022. Furthermore, contributing to the ultra-low sulfur diesel (“ULSD”) supply constraints is the International Maritime Organization’s new limit on the sulfur content in the fuel oil used on board ships (“bunker fuel”) effective January 1, 2020, which lowered the sulfur limit of bunker fuel from 3.5% to 0.5%, which necessitated blending ULSD into bunker fuel to meet the new specifications. The resulting reduction of supply for traditional ULSD demand was initially muted by the pandemic-induced demand contraction. Additionally, the U.S. demand for jet fuels has recovered, albeit at a slower pace than gasoline and

September 30, 2022 | 27

diesel, with jet fuel demand at approximately 83% of pre-2020 demand levels as of September 30, 2022. From a global perspective, the U.S. Energy Information Administration (“EIA”) currently expects oil consumption will increase by more than global oil production, resulting in an increase of approximately 204 million barrels in 2022. However, these projections depend on the production decisions of OPEC+, U.S. oil production, and the pace of oil demand growth. While the refining market has largely recovered, uncertainty remains as to whether another wave of COVID-19 cases may spur additional governmental restrictions and lock-downs in the future which could decrease demand once again. Furthermore, the Russia-Ukraine conflict creates additional uncertainty, as sanctions on Russian oil exports, specifically diesel exports, have significantly influenced markets. The resolution of this conflict will continue to affect markets going forward. Based on these factors, current inventory levels have remained low, particularly for distillate, with the days of supply for gasoline, distillate, and jet fuel at approximately 2.4, 5.3, and 4.9 days, respectively, below the seasonally adjusted five-year averages. Furthermore, planned and unplanned outages are continuing to contribute to further inventory tightening and volatility.

In addition to current market conditions discussed above, we continue to be impacted by significant volatility related to compliance requirements under the Renewable Fuel Standard (“RFS”), proposed climate change laws, and regulations. The petroleum business is subject to the RFS, which, each year, requires blending “renewable fuels” with transportation fuels or purchasing renewable identification numbers (“RINs”), in lieu of blending, or otherwise be subject to penalties. Our cost to comply with the RFS is dependent upon a variety of factors, which include the availability of ethanol and biodiesel for blending at our refineries and downstream terminals or RINs for purchase, the price at which RINs can be purchased, transportation fuel and renewable diesel production levels, and the mix of our products, all of which can vary significantly from period to period, as well as certain waivers or exemptions to which we may be entitled. Additionally, our costs to comply with the RFS depend on the consistent and timely application of the program by the Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”), such as timely establishment of the annual renewable volume obligation (“RVO”). Due to the EPA’s unlawful failure to establish the 2021 and 2022 RVOs by the November 30, 2020 and 2021 statutory deadlines, respectively, the EPA’s delay in issuing decisions on pending small refinery hardship petitions and subsequent denial thereof, and the influence exerted and climate change initiatives announced by the Biden administration, among other factors, the price of RINs has been highly volatile and remains high. The price of RINs has also been impacted by the depletion of the carryover RIN bank, as demand destruction during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in reduced ethanol blending and RIN generation that did not keep pace with mandated volumes, requiring carryover RINs from the RIN bank to be used to settle blending obligations. As a result, our costs to comply with RFS (excluding the impacts of any exemptions or waivers to which the Petroleum Segment may be entitled) increased significantly throughout 2020, 2021, and remain significant in 2022.

In April 2022, the EPA denied 36 small refinery exemptions (“SRE”) for the 2018 compliance year, many of which had been previously granted by the EPA, and also issued an alternative compliance demonstration approach for certain small refineries (the “Alternate Compliance Ruling”) under which they would not be required to purchase or redeem additional RINs as a result of the EPA’s denial. On June 3, 2022, the EPA revised the 2020 RVO and finalized the 2021 and 2022 RVOs. The EPA also denied 69 petitions from small refineries seeking SREs, including those submitted by Wynnewood Refining Company, LLC for 2019, 2020, and 2021, and applied the Alternate Compliance Ruling to three such petitions. The price of RINs, which continues to remain elevated, did not respond to the EPA announcement, and as a result, we continue to expect significant volatility in the price of RINs during 2022 and into 2023 and such volatility could have material impacts on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows.

In December 2020, the Board approved the renewable diesel project at our Wynnewood Refinery, to convert the Wynnewood Refinery’s hydrocracker to a renewable diesel unit (“RDU”), which is expected to be capable of producing up to 100 million gallons of renewable diesel per year, generating approximately 170 to 180 million RINs annually. The hydrocracker conversion to renewable diesel service was completed in April 2022, and we are continuing to increase production. The production of renewable diesel is expected to significantly reduce our future net exposure to the RFS. Further, the RDU should enable us to capture additional benefits associated with the existing blenders’ tax credit which has been extended to the end of 2024 and growing low carbon fuel standard programs across the country, with programs in place in California and Oregon and new programs anticipated to be implemented over the coming years. In November 2021, the Board approved the pretreater project at the Wynnewood Refinery, which is expected to be completed in the third quarter of 2023 at an estimated cost of $95 million. The pretreatment unit should enable us to process a wider variety of renewable diesel feedstocks at the Wynnewood Refinery, most of which have a lower carbon intensity than soybean oil and generate additional low carbon fuel standard credits. When completed, these collective renewable diesel efforts could effectively mitigate a substantial majority, if not all, of our future RFS exposure, assuming we receive SREs for our Wynnewood Refinery which we believe we are legally entitled to and are pursuing in the courts. However, impacts from recent climate change initiatives under the Biden administration, actions taken by the courts, resulting administration actions under the RFS, and market conditions

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could significantly impact the amount by which our renewable diesel business mitigates our costs to comply with the RFS, if at all.

As of September 30, 2022, we have an estimated open position (excluding the impacts of any exemptions or waivers to which we may be entitled) under the RFS for 2020, 2021, and 2022 of approximately 423 million RINs, excluding approximately 32 million of net open, fixed-price commitments to purchase RINs, resulting in a potential liability of $715 million. The Company’s open RFS position, which does not consider open commitments expected to settle in future periods, is marked-to-market each period and thus significant market volatility, as experienced in late 2021 and 2022 to date, could impact our RFS expense from period to period. We recognized expense of approximately $86 million and a benefit of $16 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and expense of approximately $328 million and $335 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, for the Company’s compliance with the RFS. The increase in expense in 2022 compared to 2021 was driven by an increase in RINs pricing through the third quarter of 2022. Of the expense recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, $38 million and $108 million, respectively, relates to the revaluation of our net RVO position as of September 30, 2022. The revaluation represents the summation of the prior period obligation and current period commercial activities, marked at the period end market price. Based upon recent market prices of RINs in September 2022, current estimates related to other variable factors, including our anticipated blending and purchasing activities, and the impact of the open RFS positions and resolution thereof, our estimated consolidated cost to comply with the RFS (without regard to any SREs we may receive) is $390 to $400 million for 2022, net of the estimated RINs generation from our renewable diesel operations of $100 to $110 million.

Market Indicators

NYMEX WTI crude oil is an industry wide benchmark that is utilized in the market pricing of a barrel of crude oil. The pricing differences between other crudes and WTI, known as differentials, show how the market for other crude oils such as WCS, White Cliffs (“Condensate”), Brent Crude (“Brent”), and Midland WTI (“Midland”) are trending. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Russia-Ukraine conflict, and, in each case, actions taken by governments and others in response thereto, refined product prices have experienced extreme volatility. As a result of the current environment, refining margins have been and will continue to be volatile.

As a performance benchmark and a comparison with other industry participants, we utilize NYMEX and Group 3 crack spreads. These crack spreads are a measure of the difference between market prices for crude oil and refined products and are a commonly used proxy within the industry to estimate or identify trends in refining margins. Crack spreads can fluctuate significantly over time as a result of market conditions and supply and demand balances. The NYMEX 2-1-1 crack spread is calculated using two barrels of WTI producing one barrel of NYMEX RBOB Gasoline (“RBOB”) and one barrel of NYMEX NY Harbor ULSD (“HO”). The Group 3 2-1-1 crack spread is calculated using two barrels of WTI crude oil producing one barrel of Group 3 sub-octane gasoline and one barrel of Group 3 ultra-low sulfur diesel.

Both NYMEX 2-1-1 and Group 3 2-1-1 crack spreads increased during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The NYMEX 2-1-1 crack spread averaged $42.16 per barrel during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to $19.05 per barrel in the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The Group 3 2-1-1 crack spread averaged $38.38 per barrel during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to $18.58 per barrel during the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Average monthly prices for RINs increased 9.7% during the third quarter of 2022 compared to the same period of 2021. On a blended barrel basis (calculated using applicable RVO percentages), RINs approximated $8.02 per barrel during the third quarter of 2022 compared to $7.31 per barrel during the third quarter of 2021.

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The charts below are presented, on a per barrel basis, by month through September 30, 2022:

Crude Oil Differentials against WTI (1)(2)

NYMEX Crack Spreads (2)

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PADD II Group 3 Product Crack Spread and RIN Pricing (2)(3) ($/bbl) Group 3 Differential against NYMEX WTI (1)(2) ($/bbl)

(1)The change over time in NYMEX - WTI, as reflected in the charts above, is illustrated below.

(in $/bbl)	Average 2020		Average December 2020		Average 2021		Average December 2021		Average 2022		Average September 2022
WTI	$	39.34	$	47.07	$	68.11	$	71.69	$	98.35	$	83.80

(2)Information used within these charts was obtained from reputable market sources, including the New York Mercantile Exchange (“NYMEX”), Intercontinental Exchange, and Argus Media, among others.

(3)PADD II is the Midwest Petroleum Area for Defense District (“PADD”), which includes Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee and Wisconsin.

Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment

Within the Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment, earnings and cash flows from operations are primarily affected by the relationship between nitrogen fertilizer product prices, utilization, and operating costs and expenses, including pet coke and natural gas feedstock costs.

The price at which nitrogen fertilizer products are ultimately sold depends on numerous factors, including the global supply and demand for nitrogen fertilizer products, world grain demand and production levels, inflation, global supply disruptions, changes in world population, the cost and availability of fertilizer transportation infrastructure, local market conditions, operating levels of competing facilities, weather conditions, the availability of imports, impacts of foreign imports and foreign subsidies thereof, and the extent of government intervention in agriculture markets. These factors can impact, among other things, the level of inventories in the market, resulting in price volatility and a reduction in product margins. Moreover, the industry typically experiences seasonal fluctuations in demand for nitrogen fertilizer products.

As a result of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Black Sea, a major export point for nitrogen fertilizer and grains from these countries, has been closed to exports, which prompted tightening global supply conditions for nitrogen fertilizer in advance of spring planting and wheat and corn availability, two major exports from this region. Further, while fertilizers have not been formally sanctioned by countries, many customers are either unwilling to purchase Russian fertilizers or logistics make it too costly to import these fertilizers. Additionally, natural gas supplied from Russia to Western Europe has been constrained, and natural gas prices have remained elevated since September 2021, causing a significant portion of European nitrogen fertilizer production capacity to be curtailed or costs to be elevated compared to competitors in other regions of the world. Overall, these events have caused grain and fertilizer prices to rise, and we currently expect these conditions to persist through the spring of 2023.

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Market Indicators

While there is risk of shorter-term volatility given the inherent nature of the commodity cycle, the Company believes the long-term fundamentals for the U.S. nitrogen fertilizer industry remain intact. The Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment views the anticipated combination of (i) increasing global population, (ii) decreasing arable land per capita, (iii) continued evolution to more protein-based diets in developing countries, (iv) sustained use of corn and soybeans as feedstock for the domestic production of ethanol and other renewable fuels, and (v) positioning at the lower end of the global cost curve should provide a solid foundation for nitrogen fertilizer producers in the U.S. over the longer term.

Corn and soybeans are two major crops planted by farmers in North America. Corn crops result in the depletion of the amount of nitrogen within the soil in which it is grown, which in turn, results in the need for this nutrient to be replenished after each growing cycle. Unlike corn, soybeans are able to obtain most of their own nitrogen through a process known as “N fixation.” As such, upon harvesting of soybeans, the soil retains a certain amount of nitrogen which results in lower demand for nitrogen fertilizer for the following corn planting cycle. Due to these factors, nitrogen fertilizer consumers generally operate a balanced corn-soybean rotational planting cycle as evident by the chart presented below as of September 30, 2022.

The relationship between the total acres planted for both corn and soybeans has a direct impact on the overall demand for nitrogen products, as the market and demand for nitrogen increases with increased corn acres and decreases with increased soybean acres. Additionally, an estimated 11.8 billion pounds of soybean oil is expected to be used in producing cleaner renewables in marketing year 2022/2023. Multiple refiners have announced renewable diesel expansion projects for 2022 and beyond, which will only increase the demand for soybeans and potentially for corn and canola.

The United States Department of Agriculture (“USDA”) estimates that in spring 2022 farmers planted 88.6 million corn acres, representing a decrease of 5.0% as compared to 93.3 million corn acres in 2021. Planted soybean acres are estimated to be 87.5 million, representing a 0.3% increase as compared to 87.2 million soybean acres in 2021. The combined corn and soybean planted acres of 176.1 million is in line with the acreage planted in 2021, which was the highest in history. Due to higher input costs for corn planting and increased demand for soybeans, particularly for renewable diesel production, it was more favorable for farmers to plant soybeans compared to corn. The lower planted corn acres in 2022 is expected to be supportive of corn prices for the remainder of 2022 and 2023.

Ethanol is blended with gasoline to meet renewable fuel standard requirements and for its octane value. Ethanol production has historically consumed approximately 35% of the U.S. corn crop, so demand for corn generally rises and falls with ethanol demand, as evidenced by the charts below through September 30, 2022.

U.S. Plant Production of Fuel Ethanol (1) Corn and Soybean Planted Acres (2)

(1)Information used within this chart was obtained from the EIA through September 30, 2022.

(2)Information used within this chart was obtained from the USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Services as of September 30, 2022.

Weather continues to be a critical variable for crop production. Even with high planted acres and trendline yields per acre in the U.S., inventory levels for corn and soybeans remain below historical levels and prices have remained elevated. With tight

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grain and fertilizer inventory levels driven by the war in Ukraine, prices for grains and fertilizers are expected to remain elevated through the spring of 2023. While the weather conditions were difficult early in spring 2022, farmers were able to complete the crop planting later than normal. Demand for nitrogen fertilizer, as well as other crop inputs, was strong for the spring 2022 planting season. During the summer 2022 growing season, severe drought conditions were experienced in Asia, Europe, and parts of the U.S. As a result, crop yields are projected to be below expectations and grain inventories are projected to be at the low end of historical levels, causing grain prices to rise during the three months ended September 30, 2022. We expect tight grain inventories to positively impact planted acreage for the spring of 2023 and boost the demand for nitrogen fertilizer.

On June 30, 2021, CF Industries Nitrogen, L.L.C., Terra Nitrogen, Limited Partnership, and Terra International (Oklahoma) LLC filed petitions with the U.S. Department of Commerce (“USDOC”) and the U.S. International Trade Commission (the “ITC”) requesting the initiation of antidumping and countervailing duty investigations on imports of UAN from Russia and Trinidad and Tobago (“Trinidad”). On July 18, 2022, the ITC made a negative final injury determination concerning its investigation of imports from Russia and Trinidad despite USDOC’s final determination in June that UAN is subsidized and dumped in the U.S. market by producers in both countries. Since the decision in July 2022, we have observed minimal impact on the supply or demand for nitrogen fertilizer.

The charts below show relevant market indicators for the Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment by month through September 30, 2022:

Ammonia and UAN Market Pricing (1) Natural Gas and Pet Coke Market Pricing (1)

(1)Information used within these charts was obtained from various third-party sources, including Green Markets (a Bloomberg Company), Pace Petroleum Coke Quarterly, and the EIA, amongst others.

Results of Operations

Consolidated

Our consolidated results of operations include certain other unallocated corporate activities and the elimination of intercompany transactions and, therefore, do not equal the sum of the operating results of the Petroleum Segment and Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment.

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Consolidated Financial Highlights (Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 versus September 30, 2021)

Operating Income Net Income Attributable to CVR Energy Stockholders

Earnings per Share EBITDA (1)

(1)See “Non-GAAP Reconciliations” section below for reconciliations of the non-GAAP measures shown above.

Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 versus September 30, 2021 (Consolidated)

Overview - For the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company’s operating income and net income were $103 million and $80 million, respectively, a decrease of $72 million and $26 million, respectively, compared to operating income and net income of $175 million and $106 million, respectively, during the three months ended September 30, 2021. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company’s operating income and net income were $726 million and $472 million, respectively, an increase of $680 million and $423 million, respectively, compared to operating income and net income of $46 million and $49 million, respectively, during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Refer to our discussion of each segment’s results of operations below for further information.

Investment Income (Loss) on Marketable Securities - On June 10, 2021, the Company distributed substantially all of its holdings in Delek US Holdings, Inc. (“Delek”), of which the Company was the largest stockholder holding approximately 14.3% of Delek’s outstanding common stock, as part of a special dividend. On January 18, 2022, the Company divested its remaining nominal holdings in Delek, and as of September 30, 2022, the Company does not hold an investment in other marketable securities of Delek. There was no dividend income received during the three and nine months ended September 30,

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2022 and 2021. The Company did not recognize a gain or loss on the investment during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recognized an unrealized loss of $1 million and a gain of $82 million, respectively.

Other Income (Expense), Net - For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company’s Other income (expense), net was $3 million and $(81) million, respectively, compared to other income, net of $2 million and $12 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. The change related to the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was primarily attributable to the expected settlement of litigation. Refer to Part I, Item 1, Note 12 (“Commitments and Contingencies”) of this Report for further discussion.

Income Tax Expense (Benefit) - Income tax expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $7 million and $106 million, or 8.3% and 18.4% of income before income tax, respectively, as compared to income tax expense (benefit) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 of $47 million and $(1) million, or 30.8% and (2.1)% of income before income tax, respectively. The fluctuations in income tax expense and effective income tax rate were due primarily to changes in pretax earnings and earnings attributable to noncontrolling interest from the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Petroleum Segment

The Petroleum Segment utilizes certain inputs within its refining operations. These inputs include crude oil, butanes, natural gasoline, ethanol, and bio-diesel (these are also known as “throughputs”).

Refining Throughput and Production Data by Refinery

Throughput Data	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in barrels per day (“bpd”))	2022	2021	2022	2021
Coffeyville
Regional crude	60,762	28,492	55,675	28,281
WTI	30,261	63,779	37,465	62,388
WTL	312	1,547	544	522
WTS	1,222	—	412	—
Midland WTI	—	1,633	858	550
Condensate	10,674	5,532	10,871	8,659
Heavy Canadian	7,372	4,851	6,869	2,869
DJ Basin	13,526	17,274	14,092	15,845
Other feedstocks and blendstocks	8,846	10,656	9,811	9,796
Wynnewood
Regional crude	45,840	62,091	45,553	59,321
WTL	4,915	2,809	2,323	4,586
Midland WTI	—	4,312	539	1,453
WTS	—	—	191	—
Condensate	15,313	4,736	12,121	7,260
Other feedstocks and blendstocks	2,614	3,231	2,774	3,115
Total throughput	201,657	210,943	200,098	204,645

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Production Data	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in bpd)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Coffeyville
Gasoline	67,048		70,729		71,005		68,310
Distillate	56,848		53,946		56,768		52,231
Other liquid products	4,832		4,971		5,183		4,947
Solids	4,741		4,355		4,482		4,138
Wynnewood
Gasoline	36,423		39,647		33,040		39,319
Distillate	24,605		32,410		23,154		31,026
Other liquid products	6,264		2,524		5,436		2,826
Solids	8		16		12		19
Total production	200,769		208,598		199,080		202,816
Light product yield (as % of crude throughput) (1)	97.2	%	99.8	%	98.1	%	99.6	%
Liquid volume yield (as % of total throughput) (2)	97.2	%	96.8	%	97.2	%	97.1	%
Distillate yield (as % of crude throughput) (3)	42.8	%	43.8	%	42.6	%	43.4	%

(1)Total Gasoline and Distillate divided by total Regional crude, WTI, WTL, Midland WTI, WTS, Condensate, Heavy Canadian, and DJ Basin throughput.

(2)Total Gasoline, Distillate, and Other liquid products divided by total throughput.

(3)Total Distillate divided by total Regional crude, WTI, WTL, Midland WTI, WTS, Condensate, Heavy Canadian, and DJ Basin throughput.

Petroleum Segment Financial Highlights (Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 versus September 30, 2021)

Overview - For the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Petroleum Segment’s operating income and net income were $137 million and $152 million, respectively, improvements of $2 million and $6 million, respectively, compared to operating income and net income of $135 million and $146 million, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2021. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Petroleum Segment’s operating income and net income were $564 million and $584 million, respectively, improvements of $565 million and $561 million, respectively, compared to operating loss and net income of $1 million and $23 million, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. These improvements were primarily due to improved crack spreads, partially offset by increased RINs, utilities, and labor costs. The increases during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 were also due to an increase in crude oil prices.

Net Sales Operating Income (Loss)

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Net Income EBITDA (1)

(1)See “Non-GAAP Reconciliations” section below for reconciliations of the non-GAAP measures shown above.

Net Sales - For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, net sales for the Petroleum Segment increased $732 million and $2.7 billion, respectively, when compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021. The increases in net sales were due to increased prices resulting from tight inventory levels and the ongoing conflict in Ukraine during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021. Further, net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 were impacted by Winter Storm Uri, resulting in reduced production rates at both refineries.

Refining Margin (1) Refining Margin (excluding Inventory Valuation Impacts) (1)

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Refining Margin (1) Refining Margin (excluding Inventory Valuation Impacts) (1)

(1)See “Non-GAAP Reconciliations” section below for reconciliations of the non-GAAP measures shown above.

Refining Margin - For the three months ended September 30, 2022, refining margin was $307 million, or $16.56 per throughput barrel, as compared to $292 million, or $15.03 per throughput barrel, for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The increase in refining margin of $15 million was primarily due to an increase in product crack spreads. The Group 3 2-1-1 crack spread increased by $23.79 per barrel relative to the third quarter of 2021, driven by tight inventory levels and supply concerns due to the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict. The Petroleum Segment recognized costs to comply with RFS of $98 million, or $5.28 per throughput barrel, which excludes the RINs revaluation expense impact of $38 million, or $2.06 per total throughput barrel, for the three months ended September 30, 2022. This is compared to RFS compliance costs of $100 million, or $5.14 per throughput barrel, which excludes the RINs revaluation benefit impact of $115 million, or $5.94 per total throughput barrel, for the three months ended September 30, 2021. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Petroleum Segment’s RFS compliance costs included $50 million of RINs purchased from our renewable diesel operations. The decrease in RFS compliance costs in 2022 was primarily related to a lower renewable volume obligation for the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the prior period. The increase in RINs revaluation in 2022 was a result of increased RINs prices for the current period and increased commercial activity. The Petroleum Segment also recognized a net gain on derivatives of $13 million during the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to a net loss on derivatives of $12 million during the three months ended September 30, 2021. Our derivative activity was primarily a result of inventory hedging activity, Canadian crude oil purchases and sales, and crack spread swaps. Offsetting these impacts, crude oil prices decreased for the three months ended September 30, 2022, which led to an unfavorable inventory valuation impact of $107 million, or $5.78 per total throughput barrel, compared to a favorable inventory valuation impact of $8 million, or $0.41 per total throughput barrel for the three months ended September 30, 2021. Further, for the three months ended September 30, 2022, throughput volumes declined by 9,286 bpd due to minor plant outages during the period.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, refining margin was $1.1 billion, or $19.82 per throughput barrel, as compared to $475 million, or $8.51 per throughput barrel, for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The increase in refining margin of $608 million was primarily due to an increase in product crack spreads and crude oil prices. The Group 3 2-1-1 crack spread increased by $19.80 per barrel relative to the nine months ended September 30, 2021, driven by increasing refined product demand, tight inventory levels, and supply concerns due to the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict. The Petroleum Segment also recognized a net loss on derivatives of $40 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to a net loss on derivatives of $46 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Our derivative activity was primarily a result of inventory hedging activity, Canadian crude oil purchases and sales, and crack spread swaps. Offsetting these impacts for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, throughput volumes declined by 4,547 bpd due to the Wynnewood turnaround in the first quarter of 2022, startup of the RDU limiting crude unit capacity, and minor plant outages in the current period. The Petroleum Segment recognized costs to comply with RFS of $287 million, or $5.26 per throughput barrel, which excludes the RINs revaluation expense impact of $108 million, or $1.98 per total throughput barrel, for the nine

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months ended September 30, 2022. This is compared to RFS compliance costs of $282 million, or $5.04 per throughput barrel, which excludes the RINs revaluation expense impact of $54 million, or $0.96 per total throughput barrel, for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Petroleum Segment’s RFS compliance costs included $68 million of RINs purchased from our renewable diesel operations. The increase in RFS compliance costs in 2022 was primarily related to increased RINs prices for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the prior period. The increase in RINs revaluation in 2022 was a result of increased RINs prices for the current period. Crude oil prices increased for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, which led to a continued favorable inventory valuation impact of $63 million, or $1.16 per total throughput barrel, compared to a favorable inventory valuation impact of $109 million, or $1.96 per total throughput barrel, during the third quarter of 2021.

Direct Operating Expenses (1) Direct Operating Expenses (1)

(1)Exclusive of depreciation and amortization expense.

Direct Operating Expenses (Exclusive of Depreciation and Amortization) - For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) were $103 million and $314 million, respectively, as compared to $88 million and $270 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. The increases in the current periods were primarily due to increased natural gas costs, electricity costs, repairs and maintenance expense, and personnel costs. On a total throughput barrel basis, direct operating expenses increased to $5.53 and $5.74 per barrel, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, from $4.52 and $4.83 per barrel, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, which was due to increased costs mentioned above and decreased throughput volume compared to the prior periods caused by the Wynnewood turnaround in the first quarter of 2022, startup of the RDU in the second quarter of 2022, and minor plant outages in the current periods.

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Depreciation and Amortization Selling, General and Administrative
Expenses, and Other

Depreciation and Amortization Expense - For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, depreciation and amortization expense decreased $3 million and $12 million, respectively, compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to assets being fully depreciated in 2021 and early 2022.

Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses, and Other - For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, selling, general and administrative expenses and other were $20 million and $65 million, respectively, as compared to $19 million and $54 million, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. The increases were primarily a result of increased personnel costs, partially attributable to share-based compensation as a result of an increase in market prices for CVR Energy’s common shares during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment

Utilization and Production Volumes - The following tables summarize the consolidated ammonia utilization from the Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment’s facilities in Coffeyville, Kansas (the “Coffeyville Fertilizer Facility”) and East Dubuque, Illinois (the “East Dubuque Fertilizer Facility”). Utilization is an important measure used by management to assess operational output at each of the Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment’s facilities. Utilization is calculated as actual tons of ammonia produced divided by capacity adjusted for planned maintenance and turnarounds.

Utilization is presented solely on ammonia production rather than each nitrogen product as it provides a comparative baseline against industry peers and eliminates the disparity of facility configurations for upgrade of ammonia into other nitrogen products. With production primarily focused on ammonia upgrade capabilities, we believe this measure provides a meaningful view of how well we operate.

Gross tons produced for ammonia represent the total ammonia produced, including ammonia produced that was upgraded into other fertilizer products. Net tons available for sale represent the ammonia available for sale that was not upgraded into

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other fertilizer products. The table below presents all of these Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment metrics for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Consolidated Ammonia Utilization	52	%	94	%	76	%	93	%
Production Volumes (in thousands of tons)
Ammonia (gross produced)	114		205		494		610
Ammonia (net available for sale)	36		65		137		205
UAN	184		314		832		920

On a consolidated basis for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment’s utilization decreased to 52% and 76%, respectively. The decreases during the current periods were primarily due to the completion of planned turnarounds at both fertilizer facilities in the third quarter of 2022, along with unplanned downtime in 2022 associated with the Messer air separation plant (the “Messer Outages”) at the Coffeyville Fertilizer Facility and various pieces of equipment at the East Dubuque Fertilizer Facility.

Sales and Pricing per Ton - Two of the Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment’s key operating metrics are total sales volumes for ammonia and UAN, along with the product pricing per ton realized at the gate. Total product sales volumes were unfavorable driven by lower production at both fertilizer facilities due to the planned turnarounds in the third quarter of 2022, as well as increased downtime from the Messer Outages at the Coffeyville Fertilizer Facility and various pieces of equipment at the East Dubuque Fertilizer Facility in 2022, compared to 2021. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, total product sales were favorable, driven by sales price increases of 65% and 155%, respectively, for ammonia and 42% and 107%, respectively, for UAN. Ammonia and UAN sales prices were favorable primarily due to lower fertilizer supply driven by ongoing impacts from the Russia-Ukraine conflict, including reduced production from Europe as a result of the high energy price environment, and higher crop pricing. Product pricing at the gate represents net sales less freight revenue divided by product sales volume in tons and is shown in order to provide a pricing measure comparable across the fertilizer industry.

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Consolidated sales (thousand tons)
Ammonia	27		52		118		164
UAN	275		322		884		931
Consolidated product pricing at gate (dollars per ton)
Ammonia	$	837	$	507	$	1,062	$	416
UAN	433		305		496		240

Feedstock - The Coffeyville Fertilizer Facility utilizes a pet coke gasification process to produce nitrogen fertilizer. The East Dubuque Fertilizer Facility uses natural gas in its production of ammonia. The table below presents these feedstocks for

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both fertilizer facilities within the Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Petroleum coke used in production (thousand tons)	74		129		298		390
Petroleum coke (dollars per ton)	$	51.54	$	50.35	$	52.68	$	43.23
Natural gas used in production (thousands of MMBtu) (1)	1,120		2,043		4,817		6,079
Natural gas used in production (dollars per MMBtu) (1)	$	7.19	$	4.29	$	6.65	$	3.48
Natural gas in cost of materials and other (thousands of MMBtu) (1)	1,330		1,786		4,566		5,436
Natural gas in cost of materials and other (dollars per MMBtu) (1)	$	7.84	$	3.78	$	6.40	$	3.27

(1)The feedstock natural gas shown above does not include natural gas used for fuel. The cost of fuel natural gas is included in Direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization).

Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment Financial Highlights (Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 versus September 30, 2021)

Overview - For the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment’s operating loss and net loss were $12 million and $20 million, respectively, representing reductions of $58 million and $55 million, respectively, compared to operating income and net income of $46 million and $35 million, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2021. These decreases were primarily driven by lower production and sales volumes and higher direct operating expenses as a result of the two planned turnarounds during the third quarter of 2022 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment’s operating income and net income were $218 million and $191 million, respectively, representing a $155 million and $174 million increase in operating income and net income, respectively, compared to operating income and net income of $63 million and $17 million, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. These increases were primarily driven by higher product sales prices for UAN and ammonia, partially offset by increased costs associated with the two turnarounds during the third quarter of 2022, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Net Sales Operating (Loss) Income

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Net (Loss) Income EBITDA (1)

(1)See “Non-GAAP Reconciliations” section below for reconciliations of the non-GAAP measures shown above.

Net Sales - For the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment’s net sales increased by $11 million to $156 million compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021. This increase was primarily due to favorable UAN and ammonia pricing conditions which contributed $44 million in higher revenues, partially offset by decreased sales volumes which reduced revenues by $27 million, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021.

The following table demonstrates the impact of changes in sales volumes and pricing for the primary components of net sales, excluding urea products, freight, and other revenue, for the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021:

(in millions)	Price Variance		Volume Variance
UAN	$	35	$	(14)
Ammonia	9		(13)

The $330 and $128 per ton increases in ammonia and UAN sales pricing, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021 were primarily attributable to continued tight market conditions due to lower fertilizer supply driven by ongoing impacts from the Russia-Ukraine conflict, including reduced production from Europe as a result of the high energy price environment, and higher crop pricing. The decreases in UAN and ammonia sales volumes for the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021 were primarily attributable to lower production due to the planned turnarounds at both fertilizer facilities during the third quarter of 2022.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment’s net sales increased by $280 million to $623 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021. This increase was primarily due to favorable UAN and ammonia pricing conditions which contributed $301 million in higher revenues, partially offset by decreased sales volumes which reduced revenues by $30 million, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

The following table demonstrates the impact of changes in sales volumes and pricing for the primary components of net sales, excluding urea products, freight, and other revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021:

(in thousands)	Price Variance		Volume Variance
UAN	$	225	$	(11)
Ammonia	76		(19)

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The $646 and $256 per ton increases in ammonia and UAN sales pricing, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021 were primarily attributable to continued tight market conditions due to lower fertilizer supply driven by ongoing impacts from the Russia-Ukraine conflict, including reduced production from Europe as a result of the high energy price environment, and higher crop pricing. The decreases in UAN and ammonia sales volumes for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021 were primarily attributable to lower production due to unplanned downtime associated with the Messer Outages at the Coffeyville Fertilizer Facility and various pieces of equipment at the East Dubuque Fertilizer Facility in 2022, along with the completion of the planned turnarounds at both fertilizer facilities during the third quarter of 2022.

Cost of Materials and Other - For the three months ended September 30, 2022, cost of materials and other was $29 million compared to $26 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The increase was driven primarily by an inventory draw contributing $5 million and an increase in purchases of ammonia of $4 million, partially offset by lower petroleum coke, natural gas, and hydrogen feedstock costs of $4 million and reduced distribution costs of $2 million.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, cost of materials and other was $100 million compared to $70 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The increase was driven primarily by increases in purchases of nitrogen and ammonia of $17 million, increased natural gas and hydrogen feedstock costs of $12 million, higher distribution costs of $3 million, and an inventory draw contributing $1 million. These increases were partially offset by lower petroleum coke costs of $1 million.

Direct Operating Expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) - For the three months ended September 30, 2022, direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) were $109 million compared to $48 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The increase was primarily due to increased costs associated with the planned turnarounds at both fertilizer facilities during 2022, which increased turnaround expenses by $31 million, drew down inventory of $16 million, increased repair and maintenance expenses by $8 million, and increased personnel costs by $5 million, a portion of which was attributable to share-based compensation as a result of an increase in market prices for CVR Partners’ common units during the current period.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) were $218 million compared to $139 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The increase was primarily due to increased turnaround costs associated with the planned turnarounds at both fertilizer facilities during 2022, which increased turnaround expenses by $32 million, increased repair and maintenance expenses by $15 million, drew down inventory of $8 million, and increased personnel costs by $6 million, partially attributable to share-based compensation as a result of an increase in market prices for CVR Partners’ common units during the current period. In addition to these turnaround related increases, there were $12 million in higher prices for natural gas, $3 million of increased operating materials and office costs, $2 million of higher insurance costs, and $1 million related to higher electricity pricing and usage.

Non-GAAP Measures

Our management uses certain non-GAAP performance measures, and reconciliations to those measures, to evaluate current and past performance and prospects for the future to supplement our financial information presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). These non-GAAP financial measures are important factors in assessing our operating results and profitability and include the performance and liquidity measures defined below.

The following are non-GAAP measures we present for the period ended September 30, 2022:

EBITDA - Consolidated net income (loss) before (i) interest expense, net, (ii) income tax expense (benefit) and (iii) depreciation and amortization expense.

Petroleum EBITDA and Nitrogen Fertilizer EBITDA - Segment net income (loss) before segment (i) interest expense, net, (ii) income tax expense (benefit), and (iii) depreciation and amortization.

Refining Margin - The difference between our Petroleum Segment net sales and cost of materials and other.

Refining Margin, adjusted for Inventory Valuation Impacts - Refining Margin adjusted to exclude the impact of current period market price and volume fluctuations on crude oil and refined product inventories purchased in prior periods and lower

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of cost or net realizable value adjustments, if applicable. We record our commodity inventories on the first-in-first-out basis. As a result, significant current period fluctuations in market prices and the volumes we hold in inventory can have favorable or unfavorable impacts on our refining margins as compared to similar metrics used by other publicly-traded companies in the refining industry.

Refining Margin and Refining Margin adjusted for Inventory Valuation Impacts, per Throughput Barrel - Refining Margin and Refining Margin adjusted for Inventory Valuation Impacts divided by the total throughput barrels during the period, which is calculated as total throughput barrels per day times the number of days in the period.

Direct Operating Expenses per Throughput Barrel - Direct operating expenses for our Petroleum Segment divided by total throughput barrels for the period, which is calculated as total throughput barrels per day times the number of days in the period.

Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Petroleum EBITDA and Adjusted Nitrogen Fertilizer EBITDA - EBITDA, Petroleum EBITDA and Nitrogen Fertilizer EBITDA adjusted for certain significant non-cash items and items that management believes are not attributable to or indicative of our on-going operations or that may obscure our underlying results and trends.

Adjusted Earnings (Loss) per Share - Earnings (loss) per share adjusted for certain significant non-cash items and items that management believes are not attributable to or indicative of our on-going operations or that may obscure our underlying results and trends.

Free Cash Flow - Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities less capital expenditures and capitalized turnaround expenditures.

Net Debt and Finance Lease Obligations - Net debt and finance lease obligations is total debt and finance lease obligations reduced for cash and cash equivalents.

Total Debt and Net Debt and Finance Lease Obligations to EBITDA Exclusive of Nitrogen Fertilizer - Total debt and net debt and finance lease obligations is calculated as the consolidated debt and net debt and finance lease obligations less the Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment’s debt and net debt and finance lease obligations as of the most recent period ended divided by EBITDA exclusive of the Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment for the most recent twelve-month period.

We present these measures because we believe they may help investors, analysts, lenders and ratings agencies analyze our results of operations and liquidity in conjunction with our U.S. GAAP results, including but not limited to our operating performance as compared to other publicly-traded companies in the refining and fertilizer industries, without regard to historical cost basis or financing methods and our ability to incur and service debt and fund capital expenditures. Non-GAAP measures have important limitations as analytical tools, because they exclude some, but not all, items that affect net earnings and operating income. These measures should not be considered substitutes for their most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measures. See “Non-GAAP Reconciliations” included herein for reconciliation of these amounts. Due to rounding, numbers presented within this section may not add or equal to numbers or totals presented elsewhere within this document.

Factors Affecting Comparability of Our Financial Results

Our historical results of operations for the periods presented may not be comparable with prior periods or to our results of operations in the future for the reasons discussed below.

Petroleum Segment

Coffeyville Refinery - During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we capitalized $4 million and $5 million, respectively, related to the pre-planning phase of a major planned turnaround that is currently expected to commence in the spring of 2023.

Wynnewood Refinery - The Petroleum Segment’s Wynnewood Refinery’s major planned turnaround began in late February 2022 and was completed in early April 2022. The pre-planning phase began during the first quarter of 2021. We did not capitalize turnaround expenditures for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and capitalized turnaround expenditures of $68 million for nine months ended September 30, 2022. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, we capitalized $1 million and $2 million, respectively, related to the pre-planning activities.

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Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment

Coffeyville Fertilizer Facility - A planned turnaround at the Coffeyville Fertilizer Facility commenced in July 2022 and was completed in mid-August 2022. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we incurred turnaround expense of $12 million for both periods related to this turnaround. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, we incurred turnaround expense of less than $1 million for both periods related to planning for the Coffeyville Fertilizer Facility’s 2022 turnaround.

East Dubuque Fertilizer Facility - A planned turnaround at the East Dubuque Fertilizer Facility commenced in August 2022 and was completed in mid-September 2022. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we incurred turnaround expense of $20 million and $21 million, respectively, related to this turnaround. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, we incurred turnaround expense of less than $1 million for both periods related to planning for the East Dubuque Fertilizer Facility’s 2022 turnaround.

Non-GAAP Reconciliations

Reconciliation of Net Income to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net income	$	80	$	106	$	472	$	49
Interest expense, net	19		23		67		92
Income tax expense (benefit)	7		47		106		(1)
Depreciation and amortization	75		67		215		205
EBITDA	181		243		860		345
Adjustments:
Revaluation of RFS liability	38		(115)		108		54
Loss (gain) on marketable securities	—		1		—		(82)
Unrealized gain on derivatives, net	(20)		(22)		(5)		(16)
Inventory valuation impacts, unfavorable (favorable)	114		(8)		(63)		(109)
Call Option Lawsuits settlement (1)	—		—		79		—
Adjusted EBITDA	$	313	$	99	$	979	$	192

Reconciliation of Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share to Adjusted Earnings (Loss) per Share

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Basic and diluted earnings per share	$	0.92	$	0.83	$	3.49	$	0.38
Adjustments: (2)
Revaluation of RFS liability	0.28		(0.85)		0.80		0.40
Loss (gain) on marketable securities	—		0.01		—		(0.60)
Unrealized gain on derivatives, net	(0.15)		(0.17)		(0.04)		(0.12)
Inventory valuation impacts, unfavorable (favorable)	0.85		(0.06)		(0.46)		(0.81)
Call Option Lawsuits settlement (1)	—		—		0.58		—
Adjusted earnings (loss) per share	$	1.90	$	(0.24)	$	4.37	$	(0.75)

(1)Refer to Part I, Item 1, Note 12 (“Commitments and Contingencies”) of this Report for further discussion.

(2)Amounts are shown after-tax, using the Company’s marginal tax rate, and are presented on a per share basis using the weighted average shares outstanding for each period.

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Reconciliation of Net Cash Provided By Operating Activities to Free Cash Flow

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	156	$	139	$	868	$	382
Less:
Capital expenditures	(57)		(62)		(145)		(188)
Capitalized turnaround expenditures	(6)		(1)		(74)		(3)
Free cash flow	$	93	$	76	$	649	$	191

Reconciliation of Petroleum Segment Net Income to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Petroleum net income	$	152	$	146	$	584	$	23
Interest income, net	(13)		(8)		(24)		(16)
Depreciation and amortization	47		50		140		152
Petroleum EBITDA	186		188		700		159
Adjustments:
Revaluation of RFS liability	38		(115)		108		54
Unrealized gain on derivatives, net	(25)		(22)		(8)		(16)
Inventory valuation impacts, unfavorable (favorable) (1)	107		(8)		(63)		(109)
Petroleum Adjusted EBITDA	$	306	$	43	$	737	$	88

Reconciliation of Petroleum Segment Gross Profit to Refining Margin and Refining Margin Adjusted for Inventory Valuation Impact

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net sales	$	2,474	$	1,742	$	7,497	$	4,793
Less:
Cost of materials and other	(2,167)		(1,450)		(6,414)		(4,318)
Direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	(103)		(88)		(314)		(270)
Depreciation and amortization	(47)		(50)		(140)		(152)
Gross profit	157		154		629		53
Add:
Direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	103		88		314		270
Depreciation and amortization	47		50		140		152
Refining margin	307		292		1,083		475
Inventory valuation impacts, unfavorable (favorable) (1)	107		(8)		(63)		(109)
Refining margin, adjusted for inventory valuation impacts	$	414	$	284	$	1,020	$	366

(1)The Petroleum Segment’s basis for determining inventory value under GAAP is First-In, First-Out (“FIFO”). Changes in crude oil prices can cause fluctuations in the inventory valuation of crude oil, work in process and finished goods, thereby resulting in a favorable inventory valuation impact when crude oil prices increase and an unfavorable inventory valuation impact when crude oil prices decrease. The inventory valuation impact is calculated based upon inventory values at the beginning of the accounting period and at the end of the

September 30, 2022 | 47

accounting period. In order to derive the inventory valuation impact per total throughput barrel, we utilize the total dollar figures for the inventory valuation impact and divide by the number of total throughput barrels for the period.

Reconciliation of Petroleum Segment Total Throughput Barrels

	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
Total throughput barrels per day	201,657	210,943	200,098	204,645
Days in the period	92	92	273	273
Total throughput barrels	18,552,434	19,406,776	54,626,789	55,868,087

Reconciliation of Petroleum Segment Refining Margin per Total Throughput Barrel

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions, except per total throughput barrel)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Refining margin	$	307	$	292	$	1,083	$	475
Divided by: total throughput barrels	19		19		55		56
Refining margin per total throughput barrel	$	16.56	$	15.03	$	19.82	$	8.51

Reconciliation of Petroleum Segment Refining Margin Adjusted for Inventory Valuation Impact per Total Throughput Barrel

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions, except per total throughput barrel)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Refining margin, adjusted for inventory valuation impact	$	414	$	284	$	1,020	$	366
Divided by: total throughput barrels	19		19		55		56
Refining margin adjusted for inventory valuation impact per total throughput barrel	$	22.34	$	14.62	$	18.66	$	6.55

Reconciliation of Petroleum Segment Direct Operating Expenses per Total Throughput Barrel

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions, except per total throughput barrel)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	$	103	$	88	$	314	$	270
Divided by: total throughput barrels	19		19		55		56
Direct operating expenses per total throughput barrel	$	5.53	$	4.52	$	5.74	$	4.83

Reconciliation of Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment Net (Loss) Income to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Nitrogen Fertilizer net (loss) income	$	(20)	$	35	$	191	$	17
Interest expense, net	8		11		26		51
Depreciation and amortization	22		18		64		52
Nitrogen Fertilizer EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA	$	10	$	64	$	281	$	120

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Reconciliation of Total Debt and Net Debt and Finance Lease Obligations to EBITDA Exclusive of Nitrogen Fertilizer

(in millions)	Twelve Months Ended September 30, 2022
Total debt and finance lease obligations (1)	$	1,593
Less:
Nitrogen Fertilizer debt and finance lease obligations (1)	$	547
Total debt and finance lease obligations exclusive of Nitrogen Fertilizer	1,046
EBITDA exclusive of Nitrogen Fertilizer	$	603
Total debt and finance lease obligations to EBITDA exclusive of Nitrogen Fertilizer	1.73
Consolidated cash and cash equivalents	$	618
Less:
Nitrogen Fertilizer cash and cash equivalents	119
Cash and cash equivalents exclusive of Nitrogen Fertilizer	499
Net debt and finance lease obligations exclusive of Nitrogen Fertilizer (2)	$	547
Net debt and finance lease obligations to EBITDA exclusive of Nitrogen Fertilizer (2)	0.91

(1)Amounts are shown inclusive of the current portion of long-term debt and finance lease obligations.

(2)Net debt represents total debt and finance lease obligations exclusive of cash and cash equivalents.

	Three Months Ended									Twelve Months Ended September 30, 2022
(in millions)		December 31, 2021		March 31, 2022		June 30, 2022		September 30, 2022
Consolidated
Net income		$	25	$	153	$	239	$	80	$	497
Interest expense, net		24		24		23		19		90
Income tax (benefit) expense		(7)		34		66		7		100
Depreciation and amortization		74		67		73		75		289
EBITDA		$	116	$	278	$	401	$	181	$	976
Nitrogen Fertilizer
Net income (loss)		$	61	$	94	$	118	$	(20)	$	253
Interest expense, net		11		10		8		8		37
Depreciation and amortization		21		19		21		22		83
EBITDA		$	93	$	123	$	147	$	10	$	373
EBITDA exclusive of Nitrogen Fertilizer		$	23	$	155	$	254	$	171	$	603

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our principal source of liquidity has historically been cash from operations. Our principal uses of cash are for working capital, capital expenditures, funding our debt service obligations, and paying dividends to our stockholders, as further discussed below.

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Following the significant declines in demand and pricing for crude oil and refined products in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, market conditions improved steadily throughout 2021 and into 2022, as mobility increased amid the spread of vaccinations and general easing of restrictions related to COVID-19. As refined product demand rebounded toward pre-COVID-19 levels, the permanent loss of refined product supply due to refinery closures in 2020 led to a tightening of supply of refined products that, in conjunction with the increase in demand, led to an increase in prices. In the first quarter of 2022, following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, crude oil and refined product prices increased further and have been volatile over concerns of a reduction in global supply of these products due to sanctions placed on Russian exports by the U.S. and numerous other countries. Despite the extreme volatility in commodity pricing, the increase in refined product pricing during 2021 and into 2022 has had a favorable impact on our business and has not significantly impacted our primary source of liquidity.

While we believe demand for crude oil and refined products has nearly returned to pre-COVID-19 levels and commodity prices have rebounded, there is still uncertainty on the horizon due to the potential for recession driven demand destruction and any potential resolution of the Russia-Ukraine conflict. We continue to maintain our focus on safe and reliable operations, maintain an appropriate level of cash to fund ongoing operations, and protect our balance sheet. As a result of these improving factors, the Board elected to declare a $0.40 quarterly cash dividend for the third quarter of 2022 and a special cash dividend of $1.00. This supports the Company’s continued focus on financial discipline through a balanced approach of evaluation of strategic investment opportunities and stockholder distributions while maintaining adequate capital requirements for ongoing operations throughout the uncertain environment. The Board will continue to evaluate the economic environment, the Company’s cash needs, optimal uses of cash, and other applicable factors, and may elect to make additional changes to the Company’s dividend (if any) in future periods. Additionally, in executing financial discipline, we have successfully implemented the following measures:

•Deferred the majority of our growth capital spending, with the exception of the RDU project and construction of the pre-treatment unit at the Wynnewood Refinery;

•Focused refining maintenance capital expenditures to only include those projects which are a priority to support continuing safe and reliable operations, or which we consider required to support future activities;

•Focused future capital allocation to high-return assets and opportunities that advance participation in the energy industry transformation;

•Continued to focus on disciplined management of operational and general and administrative cost reductions;

•For the Petroleum Segment, deferred the Wynnewood Refinery turnaround from the spring of 2021 to the spring of 2022 and deferring the refinery in Coffeyville, Kansas (the “Coffeyville Refinery”) turnaround from fall of 2021 to spring of 2023; and

•For the Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment, took advantage of downtime to perform maintenance activities, which enabled us to defer the turnarounds at the Coffeyville and East Dubuque Fertilizer Facilities to the summer of 2022.

When considering the market conditions and actions outlined above, we currently believe that our cash from operations and existing cash and cash equivalents, along with borrowings, as necessary, will be sufficient to satisfy anticipated cash requirements associated with our existing operations for at least the next 12 months. However, our future capital expenditures and other cash requirements could be higher than we currently expect as a result of various factors including, but not limited to, rising material and labor costs, the costs associated with complying with the Renewable Fuel Standard’s outcome of litigation and other factors. Additionally, our ability to generate sufficient cash from our operating activities and secure additional financing depends on our future operational performance, which is subject to general economic, political, financial, competitive, and other factors, some of which may be beyond our control.

Depending on the needs of our business, contractual limitations and market conditions, we may from time to time seek to issue equity securities, incur additional debt, issue debt securities, or redeem, repurchase, refinance, or retire our outstanding debt through privately negotiated transactions, open market repurchases, redemptions, exchanges, tender offers or otherwise, but we are under no obligation to do so. There can be no assurance that we will seek to do any of the foregoing or that we will be able to do any of the foregoing on terms acceptable to us or at all.

On February 22, 2022, CVR Partners redeemed the remaining $65 million in aggregate principal amount of its 2023 UAN Notes at par, plus accrued and unpaid interest. This transaction represents a significant and favorable change in CVR Partners’ cash flow and liquidity position, with annual savings of approximately $6 million in future interest expense. On June 30, 2022, CVR Refining and certain of its subsidiaries entered into Amendment No. 3 to the Amended and Restated ABL Credit

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Agreement, (as amended, the “Petroleum ABL”). The Petroleum ABL is a senior secured asset based revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $275 million and a maturity date of June 30, 2027. Refer to Part I, Item 1, Note 8 (“Long-Term Debt and Finance Lease Obligations”) of this Report for further discussion. The Company and its subsidiaries were in compliance with all covenants under their respective debt instruments as of September 30, 2022, as applicable.

We do not have any “off-balance sheet arrangements” as such term is defined within the rules and regulations of the SEC.

Cash Balances and Other Liquidity

As of September 30, 2022, we had total liquidity of approximately $900 million, which consisted of consolidated cash and cash equivalents of $618 million, $247 million available under the Petroleum ABL, and $35 million available under the Asset Based Credit Agreement (the “Nitrogen Fertilizer ABL”). As of December 31, 2021, we had $510 million in cash and cash equivalents.

(in millions)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
CVR Partners:
9.25% Senior Secured Notes, due June 2023 (1)	$	—	$	65
6.125% Senior Secured Notes, due June 2028	550		550
Unamortized discount and debt issuance costs	(3)		(4)
Total CVR Partners debt	$	547	$	611
CVR Energy:
5.25% Senior Notes, due February 2025	$	600	$	600
5.75% Senior Notes, due February 2028	400		400
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(4)		(5)
Total CVR Energy debt	$	996	$	995
Total long-term debt	$	1,543	$	1,606

(1)The $65 million outstanding balance of the 2023 UAN Notes was paid in full on February 22, 2022 at par, plus accrued and unpaid interest.

CVR Partners

As of September 30, 2022, the Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment has the 6.125% Senior Secured Notes, due June 2028 (the “2028 UAN Notes”) and the Nitrogen Fertilizer ABL, the proceeds of which may be used to fund working capital, capital expenditures, and for other general corporate purposes. Refer to Part I, Item 1, Note 8 (“Long-Term Debt and Finance Lease Obligations”) of this Report and Part II, Item 8, Note 6 (“Long-Term Debt”) of our 2021 Form 10-K for further discussion.

CVR Refining

On June 30, 2022, CVR Refining amended its Petroleum ABL which provides an aggregate principal amount of up to $275 million, the proceeds of which may be used to fund working capital, capital expenditures, and for other general corporate purposes. Refer to Part I, Item 1, Note 8 (“Long-Term Debt and Finance Lease Obligations”) of this Report and Part II, Item 8, Note 6 (“Long-Term Debt”) of our 2021 Form 10-K for further discussion.

CVR Energy

As of September 30, 2022, CVR Energy has the 5.25% Senior Notes, due 2025 (the “2025 Notes”) and the 5.75% Senior Notes, due 2028 (the “2028 Notes” and together with the 2025 Notes, the “Notes”), the net proceeds of which may be used for general corporate purposes, which may include funding acquisitions, capital projects, and/or share repurchases or other distributions to our stockholders. Refer to Part II, Item 8, Note 6 (“Long-Term Debt”) of our 2021 Form 10-K for further discussion.

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Capital Spending

We divide capital spending needs into two categories: maintenance and growth. Maintenance capital spending includes non-discretionary maintenance projects and projects required to comply with environmental, health, and safety regulations. Growth capital projects generally involve an expansion of existing capacity and/or a reduction in direct operating expenses. We undertake growth capital spending based on the expected return on incremental capital employed.

In December 2020, our Board approved the renewable diesel project at our Wynnewood Refinery, to convert the refinery’s hydrocracker to a RDU capable of producing approximately 100 million gallons of renewable diesel per year. The hydrocracker conversion to renewable diesel service was completed in April 2022, and we are continuing to increase production. In November 2021, the Board approved the pretreater project at the Wynnewood Refinery, which is expected to be completed in the third quarter of 2023 at an estimated cost of $95 million.

Our total capital expenditures for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, along with our estimated expenditures for 2022, by segment, are as follows:

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 Actual						2022 Estimate (1)
							Maintenance				Growth				Total
(in millions)	Maintenance		Growth		Total		Low		High		Low		High		Low		High
Petroleum	$	59	$	2	$	61	$	81	$	91	$	3	$	7	$	84	$	98
Renewables (2)	1		53		54		1		2		67		77		68		79
Nitrogen Fertilizer	38		1		39		43		45		1		2		44		47
Other	5		—		5		8		10		—		—		8		10
Total	$	103	$	56	$	159	$	133	$	148	$	71	$	86	$	204	$	234

(1)Total 2022 estimated capitalized costs include approximately $1 million of growth related projects that will require additional approvals before commencement.

(2)Renewables reflects spending on the Wynnewood Refinery RDU project. Upon completion and meeting of certain criteria under accounting rules, Renewables is expected to be a new reportable segment. As of September 30, 2022, Renewables does not the meet the definition of a reportable segment as defined under Accounting Standards Codification 280.

Our estimated capital expenditures are subject to change due to unanticipated changes in the cost, scope, and completion time for capital projects. For example, we may experience unexpected changes in labor or equipment costs necessary to comply with government regulations or to complete projects that sustain or improve the profitability of the refineries or nitrogen fertilizer facilities. We may also accelerate or defer some capital expenditures from time to time. Capital spending for CVR Partners is determined by the board of directors of its general partner (the “UAN GP Board”). We will continue to monitor market conditions and make adjustments, if needed, to our current capital spending or turnaround plans.

The Petroleum Segment began a major scheduled turnaround at the Wynnewood Refinery in late February 2022 that was completed in early April 2022. We did not capitalize turnaround expenditures during the three months ended September 30, 2022 and capitalized expenditures of $68 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, we capitalized turnaround expenditures of $1 million and $2 million, respectively. The Petroleum Segment’s next planned turnaround at the Coffeyville Refinery is currently expected to start in the spring of 2023. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we capitalized $4 million and $5 million, respectively, related to the pre-planning activities.

The Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment’s planned turnaround at the Coffeyville Fertilizer Facility commenced in July 2022 and was completed in mid-August 2022. The planned turnaround at the East Dubuque Fertilizer Facility commenced in August 2022 and was completed in mid-September 2022. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we incurred $12 million in turnaround expense for both periods related to the Coffeyville Fertilizer Facility’s turnaround, and $20 million and $21 million, respectively, in turnaround expense related to the East Dubuque Fertilizer Facility’s turnaround. We will continue to monitor market conditions and make adjustments, if needed, to our current capital spending or turnaround plans.

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Dividends to CVR Energy Stockholders

Dividends, if any, including the payment, amount and timing thereof, are determined in the discretion of our Board. IEP, through its ownership of the Company’s common stock, is entitled to receive dividends that are declared and paid by the Company based on the number of shares held at each record date. The following table presents quarterly dividends, excluding any special dividends, paid to the Company’s stockholders, including IEP, during 2022 (amounts presented in table below may not add to totals presented due to rounding).

				Quarterly Dividends Paid (in millions)
Related Period	Date Paid	Quarterly Dividend Per Share		Public Stockholders		IEP		Total
2022 - 1st Quarter	May 23, 2022	$	0.40	$	12	$	28	$	40
2022 - 2nd Quarter	August 22, 2022	0.40		12		28		40
Total 2022 quarterly dividends		$	0.80	$	23	$	57	$	80

No quarterly dividends were paid during the first quarter of 2022 related to the fourth quarter of 2021, and there were no quarterly dividends declared or paid during 2021 related to the first, second, and third quarters of 2021 and fourth quarter of 2020.

On August 1, 2022, the Company also declared a special dividend of $2.60 per share, or $261 million, which was paid on August 22, 2022. Of this amount, IEP received $185 million due to its ownership interest in the Company’s shares.

On May 26, 2021, the Company announced a special dividend of approximately $492 million, or equivalent to $4.89 per share of the Company’s common stock, to be paid in a combination of cash (the “Cash Distribution”) and the common stock of Delek held by the Company (the “Stock Distribution”). On June 10, 2021, the Company distributed an aggregate amount of approximately $241 million, or $2.40 per share of the Company’s common stock, pursuant to the Cash Distribution, and approximately 10,539,880 shares of Delek common stock, which represented approximately 14.3% of the outstanding shares of Delek common stock, pursuant to the Stock Distribution. IEP received approximately 7,464,652 shares of common stock of Delek and $171 million in cash. The Stock Distribution was recorded as a reduction to equity through a derecognition of our investment in Delek, and the Company recognized a gain of $112 million from the initial investment in Delek through the date of the Stock Distribution.

For the third quarter of 2022, the Company, upon approval by the Company’s Board of Directors on October 31, 2022, declared a cash dividend of $0.40 per share, or $40 million, which is payable November 21, 2022 to shareholders of record as of November 14, 2022. Of this amount, IEP will receive $28 million due to its ownership interest in the Company’s shares.

In addition, the Company, upon approval by the Board on October 31, 2022, declared a special dividend of $1.00 per share, or $101 million, which is payable November 21, 2022 to shareholders of record as of November 14, 2022. Of this amount, IEP will receive $71 million due to its ownership interest in the Company’s shares.

Distributions to CVR Partners’ Unitholders

Distributions, if any, including the payment, amount and timing thereof, are subject to change at the discretion of the UAN GP Board. The following table presents quarterly distributions paid by CVR Partners to its unitholders, including amounts received by the Company, during 2022 and 2021 (amounts presented in tables below may not add to totals presented due to rounding).

				Quarterly Distributions Paid (in millions)
Related Period	Date Paid	Quarterly Distributions Per Common Unit		Public Unitholders		CVR Energy		Total
2021 - 4th Quarter	March 14, 2022	$	5.24	$	36	$	20	$	56
2022 - 1st Quarter	May 23, 2022	2.26		15		9		24
2022 - 2nd Quarter	August 22, 2022	10.05		67		39		106
Total 2022 quarterly distributions		$	17.55	$	118	$	68	$	186

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				Quarterly Distributions Paid (in millions)
Related Period	Date Paid	Quarterly Distributions  Per Common Unit		Public Unitholders		CVR Energy		Total
2021 - 2nd Quarter	August 23, 2021	$	1.72	$	11	$	7	$	18
2021 - 3rd Quarter	November 22, 2021	2.93		20		11		31
Total 2021 quarterly distributions		$	4.65	$	31	$	18	$	50

There were no quarterly distributions declared or paid by CVR Partners related to the first quarter of 2021 and fourth quarter of 2020.

For the third quarter of 2022, CVR Partners, upon approval by the UAN GP Board on October 31, 2022, declared a distribution of $1.77 per common unit, or $19 million, which is payable November 21, 2022 to unitholders of record as of November 14, 2022. Of this amount, CVR Energy will receive approximately $7 million, with the remaining amount payable to public unitholders.

Capital Structure

On October 23, 2019, the Board authorized a stock repurchase program (the “Stock Repurchase Program”). The Stock Repurchase Program would enable the Company to repurchase up to $300 million of the Company’s common stock. Repurchases under the Stock Repurchase Program may be made from time-to-time through open market transactions, block trades, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise in accordance with applicable securities laws. The timing, price and amount of repurchases (if any) will be made at the discretion of management and are subject to market conditions as well as corporate, regulatory and other considerations. While the Stock Repurchase Program currently has a duration of four years, it does not obligate the Company to acquire any stock and may be terminated by the Board at any time. As of September 30, 2022, the Company has not repurchased any of the Company’s common stock under the Stock Repurchase Program.

On May 6, 2020, the UAN GP Board, on behalf of CVR Partners, authorized a unit repurchase program (the “Unit Repurchase Program”), which was increased on February 22, 2021. The Unit Repurchase Program, as increased, authorized CVR Partners to repurchase up to $20 million of the CVR Partners’ common units. During the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, CVR Partners did not repurchase any common units. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, CVR Partners repurchased 111,695 and 24,378 common units, respectively, on the open market in accordance with a repurchase agreement under Rules 10b5-1 and 10b-18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, at a cost of $12 million and $1 million, respectively, exclusive of transaction costs, or an average price of $110.98 and $21.69 per common unit, respectively. As of September 30, 2022, CVR Partners, considering all repurchases made since inception of the Unit Repurchase Program, had a nominal amount in authority remaining under the Unit Repurchase Program. This Unit Repurchase Program does not obligate CVR Partners to repurchase any common units and may be cancelled or terminated by the UAN GP Board at any time.

Cash Flows

The following table sets forth our consolidated cash flows for the periods indicated below:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)	2022		2021		Change
Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	868	$	382	$	486
Investing activities	(217)		(204)		(13)
Financing activities	(543)		(279)		(264)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	108	$	(101)	$	209

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Operating Activities

The change in net cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021, was primarily due to a $515 million increase in EBITDA during 2022 as a result of stronger operations, an increase of $11 million from the non-cash change in the unrealized gain on derivatives, and an increase of $18 million in non-cash share based compensation which is due to higher market prices for CVR Partners’ units and CVR Energy’s shares in 2022 compared to 2021. This is partially offset by a decrease in working capital of $52 million primarily associated with the increases in our inventory.

Investing Activities

The change in net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021, was primarily due to an increase in our turnaround expenditures of $71 million in 2022 compared to 2021 related to the planned turnaround at the Wynnewood Refinery completed in 2022 and a reduction in the proceeds from the sale of assets of $7 million. These are partially offset by a reduction in capital expenditures of $43 million, as the Wynnewood RDU was completed in April 2022, and a $20 million acquisition of pipeline assets in 2021 with no corresponding asset purchases in 2022.

Financing Activities

The change in net cash used for financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to the net cash provided in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, was primarily due to an increase in dividends paid to CVR Partners non-controlling interest holders and CVR Energy stockholders of $107 million and $101 million, respectively, during 2022 compared to 2021, a change of $48 million in the redemption of the remaining balance of the 2023 UAN Notes in 2022 compared to the partial redemption of the 2023 UAN Notes and the 6.5% UAN Notes due April 2021 in 2021, and an increase of $11 million in unit repurchases of CVR Partners’ common unit in 2022 compared to 2021. Additionally, in June 2021, CVR Partners completed a private offering of $550 million aggregate principal amount of the 2028 UAN Notes and used the proceeds, plus cash on hand, to redeem a portion of the 2023 UAN Notes.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Our critical accounting estimates are disclosed in the “Critical Accounting Estimates” section of our 2021 Form 10-K. No modifications have been made during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 to these estimates.

Item 3.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

There have been no material changes to our market risks as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to the risks discussed in Part II, Item 7A of our 2021 Form 10-K.

Item 4.  Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company has evaluated, under the direction and with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e). Based upon this evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2022.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have been no material changes in our internal controls over financial reporting required by Rule 13a-15 of the Exchange Act that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2022 that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.  Legal Proceedings

See Note 12 (“Commitments and Contingencies”) to Part I, Item 1 of this Report, which is incorporated by reference into this Part II, Item 1, for a description of certain litigation, legal, and administrative proceedings and environmental matters.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A of our 2021 Form 10-K, which risk factors could be affected by the potential effects of the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Additional risks and uncertainties, including risks and uncertainties not presently known to us, or that we currently deem immaterial, could also have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and/or results of operations.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

Item 6.  Exhibits

INDEX TO EXHIBITS
Exhibit Number	Exhibit Description
4.1**	Supplemental Indenture, dated as of July 1, 2022, among CVR Energy, Inc., the guarantors party thereto, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on July 1, 2022).
10.1**	Joinder Agreement, dated as of July 22, 2022, by certain subsidiaries of CVR Energy, Inc. to the Amended and Restated ABL Credit Agreement, dated as of December 20, 2012 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Form 10-Q filed on August 2, 2022).
10.2**Õ	Counterpart Agreement, dated as of July 22, 2022, by certain subsidiaries of CVR Energy, Inc. to the Amended and Restated ABL Pledge and Security Agreement, dated as of December 20, 2012 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Form 10-Q filed on August 2, 2022).
31.1*	Rule 13a-14(a)/15(d)-14(a) Certification of President and Chief Executive Officer.
31.2*	Rule 13a-14(a)/15(d)-14(a) Certification of Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Assistant Secretary.
31.3*	Rule 13a-14(a)/15(d)-14(a) Certification of Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer and Corporate Controller.
32.1†	Section 1350 Certification of President and Chief Executive Officer, Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Assistant Secretary, and Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer and Corporate Controller.
101*	The following financial information for CVR Energy, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2022 formatted Inline XBRL (“Extensible Business Reporting Language”) includes: (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited), (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited), (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (unaudited), (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity (unaudited), (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) and (vi) the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited), tagged in detail.
104*	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

*    Filed herewith.

**    Previously filed.

†    Furnished herewith.

Õ    The exhibits and schedules have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K and will be provided to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.

PLEASE NOTE: Pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC, we may file or incorporate by reference agreements as exhibits to the reports that we file with or furnish to the SEC. The agreements are filed to provide investors with information

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regarding their respective terms. The agreements are not intended to provide any other factual information about the Company, its business or operations. In particular, the assertions embodied in any representations, warranties and covenants contained in the agreements may be subject to qualifications with respect to knowledge and materiality different from those applicable to investors and may be qualified by information in confidential disclosure schedules not included with the exhibits. These disclosure schedules may contain information that modifies, qualifies and creates exceptions to the representations, warranties and covenants set forth in the agreements. Moreover, certain representations, warranties and covenants in the agreements may have been used for the purpose of allocating risk between the parties, rather than establishing matters as facts. In addition, information concerning the subject matter of the representations, warranties and covenants may have changed after the date of the respective agreement, which subsequent information may or may not be fully reflected in the Company’s public disclosures. Accordingly, investors should not rely on the representations, warranties and covenants in the agreements as characterizations of the actual state of facts about the Company, its business or operations on the date hereof.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	CVR Energy, Inc.
November 1, 2022	By:	/s/ Dane J. Neumann
		Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Assistant Secretary
		(Principal Financial Officer)
November 1, 2022	By:	/s/ Jeffrey D. Conaway
		Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer and Corporate Controller
		(Principal Accounting Officer)

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