nv2za
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
October 25, 2006
1933 Act File No. 333-137385
1940 Act File
No. 811-21949
U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form N-2
(Check appropriate box or boxes)
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REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 |
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Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 |
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Post-Effective Amendment No. |
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REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF
1940 |
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Amendment No. 1 |
DWS Dreman Value Income Edge Fund, Inc.
345 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10154
(800) 728-3337
Agent for Service
Michael G. Clark
345 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10154
Copies of Communications to:
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David A. Sturms, Esq.
Cathy G. O’Kelly, Esq.
Vedder, Price, Kaufman & Kammholz, P.C.
222 N. LaSalle Street
Chicago, IL 60601 |
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Joseph A. Hall, Esq.
Davis Polk & Wardwell
450 Lexington Avenue
New York, New York 10017
212-450-4000 |
Approximate Date of Proposed Public Offering: As soon as
practicable after the effective date of this Registration
Statement.
If any of the securities being registered on this form are
offered on a delayed or continuous basis in reliance on
Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than
securities offered in connection with a dividend reinvestment
plan, check the following box. o
It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check
appropriate box)
o when declared
effective pursuant to section 8(c)
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF
1933
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Proposed Maximum |
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Proposed Maximum |
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Title of Securities |
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Amount Being |
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Offering Price |
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Aggregate Offering |
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Amount of |
Being Registered |
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Registered |
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Per Unit |
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Price(1) |
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Registration Fee(2) |
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Common Stock
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1,000 |
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$20.00 |
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$20,000 |
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$2.14 |
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(1) |
Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration
fee. |
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(2) |
$1.61 has been previously paid. |
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The Registrant intends to amend this Registration Statement
on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective
date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which
specifically states this Registration Statement shall thereafter
become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the
Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement shall
become effective on such dates as the Commission, acting
pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
The information in this prospectus is not
complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities
until the registration statement filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an
offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to
buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer is not
permitted.
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PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS (Subject to
Completion)
Issued October 25, 2006
Shares
DWS Dreman Value Income Edge Fund, Inc.
COMMON STOCK
DWS Dreman Value Income Edge Fund, Inc. (the
“Fund”) is
offering shares
of common stock. This is the initial public offering of the
Fund’s shares of common stock and no public market exists
for its common stock. The Fund is a newly organized,
non-diversified, closed-end management investment company.
Investment Objective. The Fund seeks to achieve a high level
of total return. The Fund pursues its investment objective
through a combination of an income strategy designed to generate
regular income with the potential for capital appreciation while
reducing volatility (the “Income Strategy”), and a
quantitative long/short strategy designed to seek returns that
are uncorrelated with the market (the “Hedge
Strategy”). There is no assurance that the Fund will
achieve its objective.
No Prior History. Because the Fund is newly organized, its
common stock has no history of public trading. Common stock of
closed-end funds frequently trades at prices lower than the
funds’ net asset value. The risk of loss due to this
discount may be greater for initial investors expecting to sell
their common stock in a relatively short period after the
completion of this public offering. The Fund’s common stock
has been approved for listing on the New York Stock Exchange,
subject to notice of issuance, under the symbol
“DHG.”
(continued on following page)
Investing in common stock involves certain risks. See
“Risks” on page 26 of this prospectus.
PRICE $20.00
A SHARE
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Proceeds |
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Estimated Offering |
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After Expenses |
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Price to Public |
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Sales Load |
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Expenses |
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to the Fund |
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Per Share
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$20.00 |
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$0.90 |
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$0.04 |
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$19.06 |
Total
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
The underwriters may also purchase up to an
additional common
shares at the public offering price, less the sales load, within
45 days of the date of this prospectus to cover
overallotments. If such option is exercised in full, the total
price to public, sales load, estimated offering expenses and
proceeds, after expenses, to the Fund will be
$ ,
$ ,
$ and
$ , respectively.
See “Underwriters.”
Deutsche Investment Management Americas Inc., the Fund’s
investment adviser, will pay a marketing and structuring fee to
Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated calculated at 1.25%
of the aggregate price to public of the common shares sold by
Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated, including
over-allotted shares. Deutsche Investment Management Americas
Inc. will also pay a marketing and structuring fee to
A.G. Edwards & Sons, Inc., which will not
exceed % of the aggregate price to
public of the common shares sold by A.G. Edwards &
Sons, Inc. in this offering. These fees are not reflected under
estimated offering expenses in the table above. See
“Underwriters — Additional Compensation to Be
Paid by the Investment Adviser.”
The Fund will pay offering expenses (other than the sales
load) up to an aggregate of $0.04 per share of the
Fund’s common stock sold in this offering. Deutsche
Investment Management Americas Inc. has agreed to bear
(i) all organizational expenses of the Fund and
(ii) such offering expenses of the Fund (other than the
sales load) that exceed $0.04 per share of the Fund’s
common stock. The aggregate offering expenses (other than the
sales load) to be incurred by the Fund currently are estimated
to be
$ (including
amounts to be incurred by Deutsche Investment Management
Americas Inc. on behalf of the Fund). Proceeds to the Fund are
calculated after expenses paid by the Fund.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state
securities commission has approved or disapproved of these
securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or
complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal
offense.
The underwriters expect to deliver the shares of common stock
to purchasers on or
about ,
2006.
MORGAN STANLEY
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A.G. EDWARDS |
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DEUTSCHE BANK SECURITIES |
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H&R BLOCK FINANCIAL ADVISORS, INC. |
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FERRIS, BAKER WATTS,
INCORPORATED |
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J.J.B. HILLIARD, W.L. LYONS, INC. |
JANNEY MONTGOMERY SCOTT LLC |
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OPPENHEIMER & CO. |
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RBC CAPITAL MARKETS |
STIFEL NICOLAUS
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WELLS FARGO SECURITIES |
,
2006.
(continued from previous page)
Principal Strategies. The Fund allocates its assets between
the Income Strategy and the Hedge Strategy depending on the
assessment of the Fund’s subadviser, Dreman Value
Management, LLC (“Dreman” or the
“Subadviser”), of current market conditions and the
attractiveness of available investment opportunities. Under
normal circumstances, the Fund will allocate at least 10%, but
not more than 40%, of its Managed Assets to the Hedge Strategy.
“Managed Assets” means the average daily total assets
of the Fund, including the assets attributable to leverage,
minus liabilities (other than debt representing financial
leverage). The Income Strategy emphasizes both dividend-paying
common stocks and other income-producing securities, including
high-yield bonds, preferred stock, and securities of real estate
investment trusts, energy trusts and other investment companies.
The Hedge Strategy focuses on long and short positions of common
stocks of U.S. companies that are similar in size to the
companies in the S&P 500 Index. Both strategies are
implemented using a value-oriented investment process.
Leverage. The Fund may borrow and/or issue preferred stock or
debt securities to the extent permitted by the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended. These practices are known as
leveraging. Depending on the Subadviser’s assessment of
market conditions, the Fund currently anticipates using leverage
in an amount up to approximately
331/3%
of the Fund’s total assets (including the leverage
proceeds) and anticipates initially leveraging principally
through borrowing. Leverage creates a greater risk of loss, as
well as a potential for greater income and capital appreciation,
for the shares of common stock than if leverage is not used. The
Fund’s leveraging strategy may not be successful. See
“Use of Leverage,” on page 24 of the
prospectus.
Investment Adviser and Subadviser. The Fund’s investment
adviser is Deutsche Investment Management Americas Inc.
(“DeIM” or the “Investment Adviser”). DeIM
is part of the U.S. asset management activities of Deutsche
Bank AG. Dreman Value Management, LLC serves as the Fund’s
subadviser and is responsible for the day-to-day management of
the Fund’s portfolio of securities.
You should read this prospectus, which contains important
information about the Fund, before deciding whether to invest in
the common stock, and retain it for future reference. A
Statement of Additional Information,
dated ,
2006, containing additional information about the Fund, has been
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is
incorporated by reference in its entirety into this prospectus.
You may request a free copy of the Statement of Additional
Information, the table of contents of which is on
page of this prospectus,
annual and semi-annual reports to stockholders when available,
and other information about the Fund, by calling
(800) 349-4281 or
by writing to the Fund or by visiting the Fund’s website at
www.cef.dws-scudder.com (information included on the website
does not form a part of this prospectus) or obtain a copy (and
other information regarding the Fund) from the
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s web site
(http://www.sec.gov).
The Fund’s common stock does not represent a deposit or
obligation of, and is not guaranteed or endorsed by, any bank or
other insured depository institution, and is not federally
insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the
Federal Reserve Board or any other government agency.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
You should rely only on the information contained or
incorporated by reference in this prospectus. Neither the Fund
nor the underwriters have authorized any other person to provide
you with different information. If anyone provides you with
different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on
it. Neither the Fund nor the underwriters are making an offer to
sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or
sale is not permitted. You should not assume that the
information provided by this prospectus is accurate as of any
date other than the date on the front of this prospectus. The
Fund’s business, financial condition and results of
operations may have changed since that date.
Until ,
2006 (25 days after the date of this prospectus), all
dealers that buy, sell or trade the shares of common stock,
whether or not participating in this offering, may be required
to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to the
dealers’ obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as
underwriters and with respect to their unsold allotments or
subscriptions.
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
This is only a summary of information contained elsewhere in
this prospectus. This summary may not contain all of the
information that you should consider before investing in the
Fund’s shares of common stock offered by this prospectus
(“Common Shares”). You should review the more detailed
information contained in this prospectus and the statement of
additional information, especially the information set forth
under the headings “Investment Objective, Strategies and
Policies” and “Risks.”
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The Fund |
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DWS Dreman Value Income Edge Fund, Inc. (the “Fund”)
is a newly organized, non-diversified, closed-end management
investment company. |
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The Offering |
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The Fund is offering shares of common stock, $0.01 par
value per share, at
$ per
share through a group of underwriters led by Morgan
Stanley & Co. Incorporated. The minimum purchase in
this offering is 100 Common Shares ($2,000). The Fund has given
the underwriters an option to purchase up
to additional
Common Shares to cover overallotments. See
“Underwriters.” The Fund will pay offering expenses
(other than the sales load) up to an aggregate of $0.04 per
share of the Fund’s Common Shares sold in this offering.
Deutsche Investment Management Americas Inc. (“DeIM”
or the “Investment Adviser”), the investment adviser
to the Fund, has agreed to bear (i) all organizational
expenses of the Fund and (ii) such offering expenses of the
Fund (other than the sales load) that exceed $0.04 per share of
the Fund’s Common Shares. The aggregate offering expenses
(other than the sales load) to be incurred by the Fund currently
are estimated to be
$ (including
amounts to be incurred by DeIM on behalf of the Fund). Proceeds
to the Fund are calculated after expenses paid by the Fund. |
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Who May Want to Invest |
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You should consider your own investment goals, time horizon and
risk tolerance before investing in Common Shares of the Fund. An
investment in the Fund’s Common Shares may not be
appropriate for all investors and is not intended to be a
complete investment program. The Fund’s Common Shares may
be an appropriate investment for you if you are seeking: |
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• The opportunity for a high level of total return; |
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• Access to an experienced portfolio management team;
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• A value-oriented investment strategy that seeks to
identify undervalued securities in the market. |
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However, keep in mind you will need to assume the risks
associated with an investment in the Fund. See “Risks.” |
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Investment Objective |
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The Fund seeks to achieve a high level of total return. The Fund
pursues its investment objective through a combination of an
income strategy designed to generate regular income with the
potential for capital appreciation while reducing volatility
(the “Income Strategy”), and a quantitative long/short
strategy designed to seek returns that are uncorrelated with the
market (the “Hedge Strategy”). There is no assurance
that the Fund will achieve its objective. See “Investment
Objective, Strategies and Policies.” |
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Principal Investment Strategies |
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The Fund allocates its assets between the Income Strategy and
the Hedge Strategy depending on the assessment of Dreman Value
Management LLC, the Fund’s subadviser (“Dreman”
or the “Subadviser”), of current market conditions and
the attractiveness of available investment opportunities. Under
normal circumstances, the Fund will allocate at least 10%, but
not more than 40%, of its Managed Assets to the Hedge Strategy.
“Managed Assets” means the average daily total assets,
including the assets attributable to leverage, minus liabilities
(other than debt representing financial leverage). The
percentage allocation of assets between the Income Strategy and
Hedging Strategy may vary. Both strategies are implemented using
a value-oriented investment process. |
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Income Strategy. The Income Strategy will consist of
investments in dividend-paying common stocks and other
income-producing securities, including, but not limited to, high
yield bonds, preferred stocks, and securities of real estate
investment trusts (“REITs”), energy trusts and other
investment companies. Equity securities are selected for the
Income Strategy using a value-oriented investment approach, with
an emphasis on securities that the Subadviser believes offer the
potential for regular income and capital appreciation. The
emphasis on income is also intended to reduce volatility. When
implementing the Income Strategy, the Subadviser develops a
universe of potential investments using quantitative (i.e.,
statistical) factors including
price-to-earnings
(“P/E”) ratios,
price-to-book ratios
and cash flow ratios. The Subadviser then applies a bottom-up
fundamental (or qualitative) analysis to select the investments
from the universe that the Subadviser believes are most
attractive. The Subadviser seeks to invest in securities that it
believes are trading below their true market value and generally
invests in securities that have P/E ratios below the average for
the Standard & Poor’s 500 Composite Stock Index
(“S&P 500 Index”). |
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High yield bonds and non-equity securities are selected using
relative value and fundamental analysis. The Subadviser seeks to
identify stable to improving credit situations that may provide
yield compensation for the risk of investing in below investment
grade securities. |
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Although the Fund will not invest more than 25% of its assets in
any single industry, the Fund’s emphasis on
income-producing securities may result in significant exposure
to the energy and real estate sectors. Both of these sectors
tend to be cyclical in nature, and a prolonged downturn in
either sector could have an adverse effect on the Fund’s
net asset value. |
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Hedge Strategy. The Hedge Strategy seeks to provide
returns that are not correlated with the market, as measured by
the performance of the S&P 500 Index. The Hedge
Strategy focuses on long and short positions of common stocks of
U.S. companies that are similar in size to the companies in
the S&P 500 Index. The Subadviser generally seeks to
buy, or take long positions in, common stocks with low P/E
ratios and seeks to sell, or hold short positions in, common
stocks with high P/E ratios. The Subadviser |
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uses the proprietary process described above, which emphasizes
quantitative factors to select the potential universe of
investments. As part of the Hedge Strategy, the Subadviser may
also seek to enhance returns through futures on stock indices,
options on futures, securities of exchange-traded funds and
other instruments that provide broad market exposure. |
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Other Techniques. The Fund may invest up to 30% of its
Managed Assets in securities of foreign issuers. The Fund is
permitted, but not required, to use various types of derivative
products (contracts whose value depends on, for example,
indexes, currencies or securities). Derivatives may be used for
hedging or risk management or for non-hedging purposes to seek
to enhance potential returns. The Fund also may use derivatives
when the Subadviser believes they offer an economical means of
gaining exposure to a particular asset class or to maintain
exposure to a market. |
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Use of Leverage |
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The Fund may borrow and/or issue preferred stock or debt
securities to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act
of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). These practices
are known as leveraging. Depending on the Subadviser’s
assessment of market conditions, the Fund currently anticipates
using leverage in an amount up to approximately
331/3%
of the Fund’s total assets (including the leverage
proceeds) and anticipates initially leveraging principally
through borrowings. If the net rate of return on the Fund’s
investments purchased with the leverage proceeds exceeds the
interest or dividend rate payable on the leverage, such excess
earnings will be available to pay higher dividends to holders of
the Fund’s Common Shares (the “Common
Shareholders”). |
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The use of leverage creates an opportunity for increased income
and capital appreciation for Common Shareholders, but also
involves special risks, including the likelihood of greater
volatility in the net asset value and market price of the Common
Shares. During periods in which the Fund is using leverage, the
fees received by the Fund’s Investment Adviser and
Subadviser will be higher than if the Fund did not use leverage
because the fees paid will be calculated based on the
Fund’s Managed Assets, which include assets attributable to
leverage. There is no assurance that the Fund will use leverage
or, if leverage is used, that it will be successful in achieving
the Fund’s investment objective. See “Use of
Leverage” and “Risks — Leverage Risks.” |
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Investment Adviser and Subadviser |
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The Fund’s investment adviser is Deutsche Investment
Management Americas Inc. DeIM provides a full range of
investment advisory services to retail and institutional
clients, and as of June 30, 2006 had total assets of
approximately $164 billion under management. DeIM is an
indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Deutsche Bank AG, an
international commercial and investment banking institution that
is engaged in a wide range of financial services, including
investment management, mutual fund, retail, private and
commercial banking, investment banking and insurance. As of
June 30, 2006, Deutsche Asset Management, the global asset
management division of Deutsche Bank AG, had more than
US$650 billion in assets under management. DeIM is part of |
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Deutsche Asset Management. DeIM also acts as the Fund’s
administrator. |
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Dreman Value Management LLC serves as the Fund’s subadviser
pursuant to a sub-advisory agreement between DeIM and Dreman.
Dreman was founded by David N. Dreman in 1997, and its
predecessor firms date back to 1977. As of June 30, 2006,
Dreman had approximately $17.8 billion in assets under
management. |
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The Fund has agreed to pay DeIM a management fee payable on a
monthly basis at the annual rate of 1.00% of the Fund’s
average daily Managed Assets for the services and facilities it
provides. For more information on fees and expenses, see
“Management of the Fund.” |
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Dividends and Distributions |
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The Fund intends to distribute to Common Shareholders all or a
portion of its net investment income monthly and net realized
capital gains, if any, at least annually. The Fund expects to
declare its initial monthly dividend within 60 days and pay
its initial monthly dividend within 80 days after the
completion of this offering, depending on market conditions. See
“Dividends and Distributions.” |
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Pursuant to the Fund’s Dividend Reinvestment and Cash
Purchase Plan, Common Shareholders may elect to have all
dividends and distributions (including all capital gain
distributions) automatically reinvested in shares of common
stock of the Fund. If Common Shareholders of the Fund do not
elect to participate, such Common Shareholders will receive all
dividends and distributions in cash. Stockholders whose stock is
held in the name of a broker or nominee should contact the
broker or nominee to confirm that the dividend reinvestment
service is available. See “Dividend Reinvestment and Cash
Purchase Plan.” |
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Listing of the Common Shares |
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The Common Shares have been approved for listing on the New York
Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”), subject to notice of
issuance, under the symbol “DHG.” |
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Risk Considerations |
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Risk is inherent in all investing. Therefore, before investing
in the Common Shares you should consider the following risks as
well as the other information in this prospectus. |
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No Operating History. The Fund is a newly organized,
non-diversified, closed-end management investment company with
no operating history. |
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Not a Complete Investment Program. The Fund is intended
for investors seeking a high level of total return over the long
term, and is not intended to be a short-term trading vehicle. An
investment in the Common Shares of the Fund should not be
considered a complete investment program. Each investor should
take into account the Fund’s investment objective as well
as the investor’s other investments when considering an
investment in the Common Shares. |
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Investment and Market Risk. An investment in the Common
Shares is subject to investment risk and market risk, including
the |
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possible loss of the entire principal amount of your investment.
An investment in the Common Shares represents an indirect
investment in the securities owned by the Fund. At any point in
time, Common Shares may be worth less than your original
investment, even after taking into account the reinvestment of
dividends and distributions. |
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Market Discount Risk. Shares of closed-end investment
companies like the Fund frequently trade at a price below their
net asset value, commonly referred to as a “discount.”
This characteristic is a risk separate and distinct from the
risk that the Fund’s net asset value could decrease as a
result of the Fund’s investment activities and may be
greater for investors expecting to sell their shares in a
relatively short period following completion of this offering.
Because the market price of the Common Shares will be affected
by such factors as the relative demand for and supply of the
Common Shares, general market and economic conditions and other
factors beyond the control of the Fund, the Fund cannot predict
whether the Common Shares will trade at, below or above net
asset value or at, below or above the public offering price. The
Fund’s net asset value immediately following this offering
will be reduced by the deduction of the sales load and the
amount of organizational and offering expenses paid by the Fund.
See “Use of Proceeds.” |
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Common Stock Risk. The Fund may invest in common stocks.
Investments in common stocks involve common stock risk, which is
the risk that common stocks and similar equity securities held
by the Fund will fall in value due to general market or economic
conditions, perceptions regarding the industries in which the
issuers of securities held by the Fund participate, and the
particular circumstances and performance of individual companies
whose securities the Fund holds. For example, an adverse event,
such as an unfavorable earnings report, may depress the value of
equity securities of an issuer held by the Fund; the price of
common stock of an issuer may be particularly sensitive to
general movements in the stock market; or a drop in the stock
market may depress the price of most or all of the common stocks
and other equity securities held by the Fund. In addition,
common stock of an issuer in the Fund’s portfolio may
decline in price if the issuer fails to make anticipated
dividend payments because, among other reasons, the issuer of
the security experiences a decline in its financial condition.
While broad market measures of commons stocks have historically
generated higher average returns than fixed income securities,
common stocks have also experienced significantly more
volatility in those returns. |
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Value Style Risk. The Fund focuses its investments on
dividend-paying common stocks or other income-producing
securities that the Subadviser believes are undervalued or
inexpensive relative to other investments. These types of
securities may present risks in addition to the general risks
associated with investing in common and preferred stocks,
including the risk that securities that are perceived as
“value” stocks may not perform as well as securities |
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that are perceived as “growth” stocks during periods
when the market favors growth stocks generally over value stocks. |
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Preferred Stock Risk. The Fund may invest in preferred
stocks. Special risks associated with investing in preferred
stock include deferral of distributions or dividend payments
(including, in some cases the right of an issuer never to pay
missed dividends), subordination, illiquidity, limited voting
rights and redemption by the issuer. |
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Energy Trust Risk. The Fund may invest in equity
securities of Canadian royalty income trusts that own and/or
operate energy related assets (“Energy Trusts”). The
value of Energy Trusts may fluctuate in response to changes in
the financial condition of the issuer, the conditions of equity
markets generally, commodity prices (that will vary and are
determined by supply and demand factors including weather and
general economic and political conditions), the hedging policies
of issuers, issues relating to the regulation of the energy
industry and operational risks related to the energy industry.
Distributions on securities of Energy Trusts will depend on
various factors including the operating performance and
financial condition of the Energy Trusts, tax treatment of such
distributions, and general economic conditions. |
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REIT Risk. The Fund may invest in common stocks,
preferred stocks, convertible securities and rights and
warrants, each issued by REITs. As a result, an investment in
the Fund may be linked to the performance of the real estate
markets. Property values may fall due to increasing vacancies or
declining rents resulting from economic, legal, cultural or
technological developments. REIT prices also may drop because of
the failure of borrowers to pay their loans and poor management. |
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Convertible Securities Risk. The Fund may invest in
convertible securities. Convertible securities generally offer
lower interest or dividend yields than non-convertible
securities of similar quality. The market values of convertible
securities tend to decline as interest rates increase and,
conversely, to increase as interest rates decline. However, the
convertible security’s market value tends to reflect the
market price of the common stock of the issuing company when
that stock price is greater than the convertible security’s
“conversion price.” The conversion price is defined as
the predetermined price at which the convertible security could
be exchanged for the associated stock. As the market price of
the underlying common stock declines, the price of the
convertible security tends to be influenced more by the yield of
the convertible security. However, convertible securities rank
below debt obligations of the same issuer in order of preference
or priority in the event of a liquidation and are typically
unrated or rated lower than such debt obligations. |
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Below Investment Grade Securities Risk. The Fund may
invest in below investment grade securities. Investment in
securities of below investment grade quality, commonly referred
to as “junk bonds,” may involve a substantial risk of
loss as they are predomi- |
6
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nantly speculative with respect to the issuer’s capacity to
pay interest and repay principal when due. The market values for
debt securities of below investment grade quality also tend to
be more sensitive to individual corporate developments and
changes in economic conditions than higher quality securities.
In addition, lower rated securities and comparable unrated
securities generally present a higher degree of credit risk. The
risk of loss due to default by these issuers is significantly
greater because such lower rated securities and unrated
securities of comparable quality generally are unsecured and
frequently are subordinated to the prior payment of senior
indebtedness. |
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Investment Company Risk. The Fund may invest in
securities of other investment companies. As a stockholder in an
investment company, the Fund will bear its ratable share of that
investment company’s expenses, including the investment
company’s investment advisory and administrative fees. At
the same time, the Fund would continue to pay its own investment
management fees with respect to the assets so invested. Common
Shareholders would therefore be subject to duplicative expenses
to the extent the Fund invests in other investment companies. In
addition, the securities of other investment companies may be
leveraged and will therefore be subject to similar leverage
risks as those described in this prospectus. Securities of
business development companies, a type of closed-end investment
company, also may include risks commonly associated with private
equity and venture capital investments, and may be subject to a
higher degree of risk. |
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Key Personnel Dependence Risk. Although the Subadviser
has a long operating history, the firm is relatively small and
is dependent on the services of a limited number of key
investment personnel including the firm’s founder,
David N. Dreman. In the event of a loss of key members of
the investment team, including in particular Mr. Dreman,
the Subadviser may have to hire additional personnel and to the
extent that it is unable to hire qualified individuals its
operations may be affected. |
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Foreign Investment Risk. Foreign investments involve
certain special risks, including: |
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• Political
Risk. Some foreign governments have limited the outflow of
profits to investors abroad, imposed restrictions on the
exchange or export of foreign currency, extended diplomatic
disputes to include trade and financial relations, seized
foreign investment and imposed high taxes. |
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• Information
Risk. Companies based in foreign markets are usually not
subject to accounting, auditing and financial reporting
standards and practices as stringent as those in the U.S.
Therefore, their financial reports may present an incomplete,
untimely or misleading picture of a foreign company, as compared
to the financial reports of U.S. companies. |
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• Liquidity
Risk. Investments that trade less can be more difficult or
more costly to buy, or to sell, than more liquid or active
investments. This liquidity risk is a factor of the trading
volume |
7
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of a particular investment, as well as the size and liquidity of
the entire local market. On the whole, foreign exchanges are
smaller and less liquid than the U.S. market. This can make
buying and selling certain investments more difficult and
costly. Relatively small transactions in some instances can have
a disproportionately large effect on the price and supply of
securities. In certain situations it may become virtually
impossible to sell an investment in an orderly fashion at a
price that approaches the managers’ estimate of its value.
For the same reason, it may at times be difficult to value the
Fund’s foreign investments. |
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• Regulatory
Risk. There is generally less government regulation of
foreign markets, companies and securities dealers than in the
U.S. |
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• Currency
Risk. The Fund may invest in securities denominated in
foreign currencies. This creates the possibility that changes in
exchange rates between foreign currencies and the
U.S. dollar will affect the US dollar value of foreign
securities or the income or gain received on these
securities. |
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• Limited
Legal Recourse Risk. Legal remedies for investors may be
more limited than the remedies available in the U.S. |
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• Trading
Practice Risk. Brokerage commissions and other fees may be
higher for foreign investments than for U.S. investments.
The procedures and rules governing foreign transactions and
custody may also involve delays in payment, delivery or recovery
of money or investments. |
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• Taxes.
Foreign withholding and certain other taxes may reduce the
amount of income available to distribute to shareholders of the
Fund. In addition, special U.S. tax considerations may
apply to the Fund’s foreign investments. |
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Emerging Market Risk. All of the risks of investing in
foreign securities, as discussed above, are increased in
connection with investments in emerging markets securities. In
addition, profound social changes and business practices that
depart from norms in developed countries’ economies have
hindered the orderly growth of emerging economies and their
markets in the past and have caused instability. High levels of
debt tend to make emerging economies heavily reliant on foreign
capital and vulnerable to capital flight. These countries are
also more likely to experience high levels of inflation,
deflation or currency devaluation, which could also hurt their
economies and securities markets. For these and other reasons,
investments in emerging markets are often considered speculative. |
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Sector Risk. While the Fund does not concentrate in any
industry, to the extent that the Fund has exposure to a given
industry or sector, any factors affecting that industry or
sector could affect the value of portfolio securities. If the
security selection process results in more attractive stocks
within a market sector or industry, then the Subadviser would
tend to overweight that sector or industry. Overweighting
investments in certain market sectors or industries, |
8
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such as the real estate or energy sectors, may cause the Fund to
suffer a loss related to advances or declines in the prices of
stocks in those sectors or industries. Both of these sectors
tend to be cyclical in nature, and a prolonged downturn in
either sector could have an adverse effect on the Fund’s
net asset value. |
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Dividend and Distribution Risk. Dividends and
distributions paid by the Fund to its Common Shareholders are
derived in part from realized capital gains, dividends and
interest income from the Fund’s investments in equity and
debt securities and total returns generated from the Fund’s
other investment techniques. The total return generated by the
Fund’s investments can vary widely over the short-term and
long-term. If prevailing market interest rates drop,
distribution rates of the Fund’s portfolio holdings of
preferred securities and debt securities may decline, which then
may adversely affect the Fund’s distributions on Common
Shares as well. The Fund’s income also would likely be
affected adversely when prevailing short-term interest rates
increase and the Fund is using leverage. Common stocks are
structurally subordinated to preferred stocks, bonds and other
debt instruments in terms of priority to corporate income, and
therefore will be subject to greater dividend risk than
preferred stocks or debt instruments of such issuers. |
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Leverage Risk. Leverage is a speculative technique that
may magnify losses of the Fund and adversely affect Common
Shareholders. The Fund will pay (and the Common Shareholders
will bear) any costs and expenses relating to any leverage. If
the income and gains earned on securities purchased with
leverage proceeds are greater than the costs of leverage, the
return on Common Shares will be greater than if leverage had not
been used. Conversely, if the income or gain from the securities
purchased with such proceeds does not cover the costs of
leverage, the return on Common Shares will be less than if
leverage had not been used. There is no assurance that a
leveraging strategy will be successful. Leverage involves risks
and special considerations for Common Shareholders, including: |
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• the
likelihood of greater volatility of net asset value and market
price of the Common Shares than a comparable portfolio without
leverage because changes in the value of the Fund’s
portfolio investments, including investments purchased with the
proceeds of leverage, are borne entirely by the Common
Shareholders; |
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• the
risk that fluctuations in interest rates on borrowings and
short-term debt or in the dividend rates on any leverage that
the Fund must pay will reduce the return to the holders of
Common Shares and will reduce income available for
distribution; and |
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• the
effect of leverage in a declining market, which is likely to
cause a greater decline in the net asset value of the Common
Shares than if the Fund were not leveraged, which may result in
a greater decline in the market price of the Common Shares. |
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It is also possible that the Fund will be required to sell
assets at a time when it would otherwise not do so, possibly at
a loss, in order to redeem senior securities or meet payment
obligations on any |
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9
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leverage. Such a sale would reduce the Fund’s net asset
value and also make it difficult for the net asset value to
recover. The Fund’s use of leverage may also impair the
ability of the Fund to maintain its qualification for federal
income tax purposes as a regulated investment company. |
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During periods in which the Fund is using leverage, the fees
received by the Fund’s Investment Adviser and Subadviser
will be higher than if leverage had not been used, because the
fees paid will be calculated based on the Fund’s Managed
Assets, which include assets attributable to leverage. |
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Short Sale Risk. The Fund may sell securities short.
Short sales involve the risk that the Fund will incur a loss by
subsequently being required to buy a security at a higher price
than the price at which the Fund previously sold the security
short. Any loss will be increased by the amount of compensation,
interest or dividends, and transaction costs the Fund must pay
to a lender of the security. In addition, because the
Fund’s loss on a short sale stems from increases in the
value of the security sold short, the extent of such loss, like
the price of the security sold short, is theoretically
unlimited. By contrast, the Fund’s loss on a long position
arises from decreases in the value of the security held by the
Fund and therefore is limited by the fact that a security’s
value cannot drop below zero. |
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The use of short sales is in effect a form of leveraging the
Fund’s portfolio that could increase the Fund’s
exposure to the market, magnify losses and increase the
volatility of returns. |
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The Fund’s net asset value may increase if the securities
in its long portfolio increase in value more than the securities
underlying its short positions. On the other hand, the
Fund’s net asset value may decrease if the securities
underlying its short positions increase in value more than the
securities in its long portfolio. If the Fund’s long and
short positions do not perform as anticipated, the Fund’s
potential losses could exceed those of other funds that hold
only long stock portfolios. |
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The Fund may not always be able to close out a short position at
a particular time or at a favorable price. A lender may request
that borrowed securities be returned to it on short notice, and
the Fund may have to buy the borrowed securities at an
unfavorable price. If this occurs at a time that other short
sellers of the same security also want to close out their
positions, it is more likely that the Fund will have to cover
its short sale at an unfavorable price and potentially reduce or
eliminate any gain, or cause a loss, as a result of the short
sale. |
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Interest Rate Risk. Interest rate risk is the risk that
fixed income securities in the Fund’s portfolio will
decline in value because of increases in market interest rates.
When market interest rates rise, the market value of such
securities generally will fall. The Fund’s investment in
such securities means that the net asset value and market price
of the Common Shares will tend to decline if market interest
rates rise. |
10
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Prepayment and Extension Risk. Preferred stocks and debt
securities frequently have call features that allow the issuer
to repurchase the security prior to its stated maturity. During
periods of declining interest rates, the issuer of a security
may exercise its option to prepay principal earlier than
scheduled, forcing the Fund to reinvest in lower yielding
securities. This is known as call or prepayment risk. An issuer
may redeem such a security if the issuer can refinance it at a
lower cost due to declining interest rates or an improvement in
the credit standing of the issuer. During periods of rising
interest rates, the average life of certain types of securities
may be extended because of slower than expected principal
payments. This may lock in a below market interest rate,
increase the security’s duration, and reduce the value of
the security. This is known as extension risk. |
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Derivatives Risk. The Fund may use derivatives to enhance
return and for hedging purposes. Risks associated with
derivatives include: the risk that the derivative is not well
correlated with the security, index or currency to which it
relates; the risk that derivatives used for risk management may
not have the intended effects and may result in losses or missed
opportunities; the risk that the Fund will be unable to sell the
derivative because of an illiquid secondary market; the risk
that a counterparty is unwilling or unable to meet its
obligation; the risk of interest rate movements; and the risk
that the derivatives transaction could expose the Fund to the
effects of leverage, which could increase the Fund’s
exposure to the market and magnify potential losses. There is no
guarantee that derivatives activities will be employed or that
they will work, and their use could cause lower returns or even
losses to the Fund. |
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Illiquid Securities Risk. The Fund may invest in
securities for which there is no readily available trading
market or that are otherwise illiquid. It may be difficult to
sell such securities at a price representing their fair value
and, where registration of such securities is required, a
considerable period may elapse between a decision to sell the
securities and the time when the Fund would be permitted to sell. |
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Call Option Risk. As the seller of a call option, the
Fund forgoes, during the option’s term, the opportunity to
profit from increases in the market value of the security
covering the call option above the sum of the option premium
received and the exercise price of the call option, but retains
the risk of loss, minus the option premium received, should the
price of the underlying security decline. The extent of the
Fund’s exposure to call option risk will vary depending on
the degree to which call options are written on the portfolio.
In addition, the value of any call options written by the Fund,
which will be priced daily, will be affected by, among other
things, changes in the value of the securities or indices
underlying the options and the remaining time to the
options’ expiration. The value of the call options also may
be adversely affected if the market for the options becomes less
liquid or smaller. |
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11
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As the purchaser of a call option, depending on the price of the
underlying instrument, the Fund may choose not to exercise its
call option prior to its expiration, in which case the Fund
would lose the premium it paid for the call option. Upon
exercise of the call option, if the counterparty fails to make
delivery of the instrument, the Fund will lose any premium it
paid as well as any anticipated benefit of the transaction. The
Fund’s ability to close out its position as a purchaser of
a call option is dependent, in part, upon the liquidity of the
option market, which in turn depends on a number of factors. |
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Warrant and Rights Risk. Warrants and rights are subject
to the same market risks as common stocks, but are more volatile
in price. Warrants and rights do not carry the right to
dividends or voting rights with respect to their underlying
securities, and they do not represent any rights in the assets
of the issuer. An investment in warrants or rights may be
considered speculative. In addition, the value of a warrant or
right does not necessarily change with the value of the
underlying security and a warrant or right ceases to have value
if it is not exercised prior to its expiration date. The
purchase of warrants or rights involves the risk that the Fund
could lose the purchase value of a warrant or right if the right
to subscribe for additional shares is not exercised prior to the
warrants’ or rights’ expiration. Also, the purchase of
warrants and rights involves the risk that the effective price
paid for the warrant or right added to the subscription price of
the related security may exceed the value of the subscribed
security’s market price such as when there is no movement
in the price of the underlying security. |
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Repurchase Agreement Risk. With respect to repurchase
agreements, if the party agreeing to repurchase specific
securities should default, the Fund may seek to sell the
securities that it holds. This could involve transaction costs
or delays in addition to a loss on the securities if their value
should fall below their repurchase price. Repurchase agreements
maturing in more than seven days are considered to be illiquid
securities. |
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Inflation Risk. Inflation risk is the risk that the value
of assets or income from investment will be worth less in the
future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation
increases, the real value of certain portfolio securities and
distributions thereon can decline. |
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Deflation Risk. Deflation risk is the risk that prices
throughout the economy decline over time, which may have an
adverse effect on the market valuation of companies, their
assets and revenues. In addition, deflation may have an adverse
effect on the creditworthiness of issuers and may make issuer
default more likely, which may result in a decline in the value
of the Fund’s portfolio. |
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Non-Diversified Status. As a “non-diversified”
investment company under the 1940 Act, the Fund is not limited
by the 1940 Act in the proportion of its assets that may be
invested in securities of a single issuer and, accordingly, may
invest a greater portion of its assets in the secondary market
securities of a similar number of issuers than a diversified
Fund. An investment in the Fund may, |
12
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under certain circumstances, present greater risk to an investor
than an investment in a diversified company because changes in
the financial condition or market assessment of a single issuer
may cause greater fluctuations in the value of the Fund’s
Common Shares. The Fund intends to comply with the
diversification requirements of the Internal Revenue Code of
1986, as amended (the “Code”), for qualification as a
regulated investment company. |
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Market Disruption Risk. The U.S. securities markets
are subject to disruption as a result of terrorist activities
such as the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center on
September 11, 2001; the war in Iraq and its aftermath;
other hostilities; and other geopolitical events. Such events
have led, or may in the future lead, to short-term market
volatility and may have long-term effects on the
U.S. economy and markets. |
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Anti-Takeover Provisions in the Fund’s Charter and
By-Laws |
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Certain provisions of the Fund’s charter
(“Charter”) and by-laws
(“By-Laws”),
including the use of a classified board, could have the effect
of limiting the ability of other entities or persons to acquire
control of the Fund or to modify its structure. These provisions
may have the effect of depriving Common Shareholders of an
opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing
market prices and may have the effect of inhibiting conversion
of the Fund to an open-end status. See “Certain Provisions
of the Fund’s Charter and By-Laws.” |
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Custodian, Transfer Agent and Dividend-Disbursing Agent |
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State Street Bank and Trust Company will act as the Fund’s
custodian. DWS Scudder Investments Service Company will act as
the Fund’s transfer agent and dividend-disbursing agent.
See “Custodian, Transfer Agent and Dividend-Disbursing
Agent.” |
13
SUMMARY OF FUND EXPENSES
The following table assumes leverage in an amount equal to
331/3%
of the Fund’s total assets (including assets attributable
to leverage), and shows Fund expenses as a percentage of net
assets attributable to Common Shares. Footnote 4 to the
table also shows Fund expenses as a percentage of net assets
attributable to Common Shares but assumes that no leverage is
used by the Fund. The Investment Adviser (and not the Fund) will
pay marketing and structuring fees to certain underwriters in
connection with this offering. For information regarding the
marketing and structuring fees payable by the Investment Adviser
(and not the Fund) to certain underwriters in connection with
this offering, see “Underwriters — Additional
Compensation to be Paid by the Investment Adviser.”
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Percentage of | |
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Offering Price | |
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Shareholder Transaction Expenses
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Sales Load (as a percentage of offering price)
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4.50 |
% |
|
Leverage Costs (estimated as a percentage of estimated proceeds
from the Fund’s Common Share offering, after deducting
offering costs)(1)
|
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0.11 |
% |
|
Expenses Borne by the Fund(2)
|
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0.20 |
% |
|
Dividend Reinvestment Plan Fees(3)
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None |
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Percentage of Net | |
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Assets Attributable to | |
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Common Shares | |
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(Assumes | |
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Leverage)(2)(4) | |
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Annual Expenses
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Management Fee(5)
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1.65 |
% |
|
Leverage Expenses(6)
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2.89 |
% |
|
Other Expenses(7)
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0.26 |
% |
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Total Annual Expenses
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4.80 |
% |
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(1) |
If the Fund engages in leverage through borrowings, the costs of
establishing a borrowing facility will be borne by holders of
Common Shares and, assuming the Fund immediately expenses the
entire amount of leverage costs, will result in an immediate
reduction of the net asset value of the Common Shares. Assuming
leverage in an amount equal to
331/3%
of the Fund’s Managed Assets (including the aggregate
amount obtained from leverage), those costs are estimated to be
approximately $0.02 per Common Share (0.11% of the
estimated proceeds from the Fund’s Common Share offering,
after deducting offering costs). These costs do not include
interest expense on borrowings. See footnote (6). |
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(2) |
The Fund will pay offering expenses (other than the sales load)
up to an aggregate of $0.04 per share of the Fund’s
Common Shares sold in this offering. DeIM has agreed to bear
(i) all organizational expenses of the Fund and
(ii) such offering expenses of the Fund (other than the
sales load) that exceed $0.04 per share of the Fund’s
Common Shares. The aggregate offering expenses (other than the
sales load) are estimated to be
$ (including
amounts to be incurred by DeIM on behalf of the Fund). Proceeds
to the Fund are calculated after expenses paid by the Fund. |
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(3) |
You will pay service and brokerage charges if you direct the
Plan Agent (as defined below) to sell your Common Shares held in
a dividend reinvestment account. See “Dividend Reinvestment
and Cash Purchase Plan.” |
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(4) |
Stated as a percentage of net assets attributable to Common
Shares assuming leverage. The table presented below in this
footnote estimates what the Fund’s annual expenses would be
stated as |
14
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percentages of the Fund’s net assets attributable to Common
Shares assuming no leverage. In accordance with these
assumptions, the Fund’s expenses would be estimated to be
as follows: |
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Percentage of Net | |
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Assets Attributable to | |
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Common Shares | |
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(Assumes No Leverage) | |
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Annual Expenses
|
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Management Fee(5)
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1.10 |
% |
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Other Expenses(7)
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0.26 |
% |
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Interest Payments on Borrowed Funds
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None |
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Total Annual Expenses
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1.36 |
% |
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(5) |
Includes an administrative fee of 0.10% of the Fund’s
average daily Managed Assets. The Management Fee is also charged
as a percentage of the Fund’s average daily Managed Assets. |
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(6) |
Includes estimated annual leverage expense, based on an annual
interest /dividend rate of 5.75% and that portion of the
estimated costs of establishing a borrowing facility that is
amortizable in a one-year period. |
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(7) |
“Other Expenses” include an estimate of 0.15% of net
assets for dividend expenses on short sales, which are dividends
paid to the lenders of borrowed securities. Dividend expenses
will vary depending on whether the securities the Fund sells
short pay dividends and the amount of those dividends. |
|
The purpose of the table above and the example below is to help
you understand all fees and expenses that you, as a holder of
Common Shares, would bear directly or indirectly. The expenses
shown in the table under “Other Expenses” and
“Total Annual Expenses” are based on estimated amounts
for the Fund’s first year of operations and assume that the
Fund issues 20,000,000 Common Shares. If the Fund issues fewer
Common Shares, estimated expenses could be higher as a
percentage of net assets attributable to Common Shares, which
could adversely affect the investment performance of the Fund.
Example
The following example illustrates the expenses that you would
pay on a $1,000 investment in Common Shares (including the sales
load of $45 and estimated expenses of this offering payable by
the Fund of $2), assuming (1) “Total Annual
Expenses” of 4.80% of net assets attributable to Common
Shares and (2) a 5% annual return.*
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1 Year | |
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3 Years | |
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5 Years | |
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10 Years | |
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| |
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| |
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| |
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| |
Cumulative Expenses Paid for the Period of:
|
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$ |
93 |
|
|
$ |
185 |
|
|
$ |
277 |
|
|
$ |
509 |
|
The example should not be considered a representation of
future expenses. Actual expenses may be greater or less than
those assumed.
|
|
* |
The example assumes that the estimated “Other
Expenses” set forth in the Annual Expenses table are
accurate and that all dividends and distributions are reinvested
at the Common Share net asset value. The Fund’s actual rate
of return may be greater or less than the hypothetical 5% return
shown in the example. |
15
THE FUND
The Fund is a newly organized, non-diversified, closed-end
management investment company registered under the 1940 Act. The
Fund was incorporated as a Maryland corporation on
September 13, 2006. As a newly organized entity, the Fund
has no operating history. The Fund’s principal office is
located at 345 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10154, and its
telephone number is
(800) 728-3337.
USE OF PROCEEDS
The net proceeds of this offering are estimated at approximately
$ ($ if
the underwriters exercise the overallotment option in full),
after deduction of the sales load and payment of estimated
offering expenses payable by the Fund. The Fund will pay all of
its offering costs up to $0.04 per Common Share, and the
Investment Adviser has agreed to bear (i) all of the
Fund’s organizational costs and (ii) all of the
Fund’s offering costs (other than sales load) that exceed
$0.04 per Common Share. The Subadviser anticipates that the
investment of the net proceeds will be made in accordance with
the Fund’s investment objective and policies, as
appropriate investment opportunities are identified, within
approximately three months after completion of this
offering. Pending such investment, those proceeds may be
invested in U.S. government securities or high-quality,
short-term money market instruments, cash or cash equivalents.
See “Investment Objective, Strategies and Policies.”
16
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE, STRATEGIES AND POLICIES
Investment Objective
The Fund seeks to achieve a high level of total return. The Fund
pursues its investment objective by investing: (i) in a
diversified portfolio of income-producing securities designed to
generate regular income with the potential for capital
appreciation while reducing volatility (the “Income
Strategy”) and (ii) in a long/short portfolio designed
to seek returns that are not correlated with the market (the
“Hedge Strategy”). The Fund’s investment
objective is not fundamental and may be changed by the Board of
Directors without a shareholder vote.
Principal Investment Strategies
The Fund allocates its assets between the Income Strategy and
the Hedge Strategy depending on the Subadviser’s assessment
of current market conditions and the attractiveness of available
investment opportunities. Under normal circumstances, the Fund
will allocate at least 10%, but not more than 40%, of its
Managed Assets to the Hedge Strategy. “Managed Assets”
means the average daily total assets, including the assets
attributable to leverage, minus liabilities (other than debt
representing financial leverage). Both strategies are
implemented using a value-oriented investment process, with an
emphasis on stocks with low price-to-earnings (“P/E”)
ratios, price-to-book
ratios and cash flow ratios.
The Income Strategy will consist of dividend-paying common
stocks and other income-producing securities, including, but not
limited to, high yield bonds, preferred stocks, and securities
of REITs, energy trusts and other investment companies. The
Subadviser follows a value-oriented investment approach in
selecting equity securities, emphasizing securities that it
believes offer the potential for high investment income and
capital appreciation. The emphasis on income is also intended to
reduce volatility. When implementing the Income Strategy, the
Subadviser develops a universe of potential investments using
quantitative (i.e., statistical) factors including P/E ratios,
price-to-book ratios and cash flow ratios. The Subadviser then
applies a bottom-up fundamental (or qualitative) analysis to
select the investments from the universe that the Subadviser
believes are most attractive. The Subadviser seeks to invest in
securities that it believes are trading below their true market
value and generally invests in securities that have P/E ratios
below the average for the S&P 500 Index.
High yield bonds and non-equity securities are selected using
relative value and fundamental analysis. The Subadviser seeks to
identify stable to improving credit situations that may provide
yield compensation for the risk of investing in below investment
grade securities.
Although the Fund will not invest more than 25% of its assets in
any single industry, the Fund’s emphasis on
income-producing securities may result in significant exposure
to the energy and real estate sectors. Both of these sectors
tend to be cyclical in nature, and a prolonged downturn in
either sector could have an adverse effect on the Fund’s
net asset value.
The Hedge Strategy seeks to provide returns that are not
correlated with the market, as measured by the performance of
the S&P 500 Index. The Hedge Strategy focuses on long
and short positions of common stocks of U.S. companies that
are similar in size to the companies in the S&P 500
Index. The Subadviser generally seeks to buy, or take long
positions, in common stocks with low P/ E ratios and seeks to
sell, or hold short positions in, common stocks with high P/ E
ratios. The Subadviser uses the proprietary process described
above, which emphasizes quantitative factors to select the
potential universe of investments. As part of the Hedge
Strategy, the Fund may also seek to enhance returns through
futures on stock indices, options on futures, securities of
exchange-traded funds and other instruments that provide broad
market exposure.
17
Types of Securities and Investment Techniques
Common stock represents the residual ownership interest in the
issuer and holders of common stock are entitled to the income
and the increase in value of the assets and business of the
issuer after all of its debt obligations and obligations to
preferred stockholders are satisfied. Common stocks generally
have voting rights. Common stocks fluctuate in price in response
to many factors including historical and prospective earnings of
the issuer, the value of its assets, general economic
conditions, interest rates, investor perceptions and market
liquidity.
Preferred stock has a preference over common stock in
liquidation (and generally as to dividends as well) but is
subordinated to the liabilities of the issuer in all respects.
As a general rule, the market value of preferred stock with a
fixed dividend rate and no conversion element varies inversely
with interest rates and perceived credit risk, while the market
price of convertible preferred stock generally also reflects
some element of conversion value. Because preferred stock is
junior to debt securities and other obligations of the issuer,
deterioration in the credit quality of the issuer will cause
greater changes in the value of a preferred stock than in a more
senior debt security with similarly stated yield
characteristics. The market value of preferred stock will also
generally reflect whether (and if so when) the issuer may force
holders to sell their preferred shares back to the issuer and
whether (and if so when) the holders may force the issuer to buy
back their preferred shares.
Units of Canadian royalty income trusts represent an equity
ownership interest in a trust created under the laws of one of
the Canadian provinces. Trust units generally entitle the holder
to receive monthly or quarterly distributions from the royalty
income trust as well as the potential to share in capital
appreciation of trust units. In the event of liquidation of the
royalty income trust that issued units, holders generally would
be entitled to a pro rata share of any liquidation proceeds
remaining after payment of all outstanding debt and other
liabilities. Securities of royalty income trusts generally trade
on one or more Canadian stock exchanges, and may also trade on
one of the United States stock exchanges. Holders of trust units
generally have the right to vote on the election of directors or
managers of the trust.
The Fund may invest in common stocks, preferred stocks,
convertible securities and rights and warrants, each issued by
REITs. REITs are companies that own and manage real estate,
including apartment buildings, offices, shopping centers,
industrial buildings and hotels. By investing in REITs, the Fund
may gain exposure to the real estate market with greater
liquidity and diversification than through direct ownership of
property, which can be costly and require ongoing management and
maintenance, and which can be difficult to convert into cash
when needed.
A convertible security is a preferred stock, warrant or other
security that may be converted into or exchanged for a
prescribed amount of common stock or other security of the same
or a different issuer or into cash within a particular period of
time at a specified price or formula. A convertible security
generally entitles the holder to receive the dividend paid on
preferred stock until the convertible security matures or is
redeemed, converted or exchanged. Before conversion, convertible
securities generally have characteristics similar to both fixed
income and equity securities. The value of convertible
securities tends to decline as interest rates rise and, because
of the conversion feature, tends to vary with fluctuations in
the market value of the underlying securities. Convertible
securities ordinarily provide a stream of income with generally
higher yields than those of common stock of the same or similar
issuers. Convertible securities generally rank senior to common
stock in a corporation’s capital structure, but are usually
subordinated to comparable non-
18
convertible securities. Convertible securities generally do not
participate directly in any dividend increases or decreases of
the underlying securities although the market prices of
convertible securities may be affected by any dividend changes
or other changes in the underlying securities.
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Investment Grade Debt Securities |
The Fund may invest in investment grade bonds of varying
maturities issued by corporations and other business entities.
Bonds are fixed or variable rate debt obligations, including
bills, notes, debentures, money market instruments and similar
instruments and securities. Bonds generally are used by
corporations as well as governments and other issuers to borrow
money from investors. The issuer pays the investor a fixed or
variable rate of interest and normally must repay the amount
borrowed on or before maturity. The Fund may invest in debt
securities of any maturity. Certain bonds are
“perpetual” in that they have no maturity date.
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Below Investment Grade Securities |
The Fund may invest in fixed-income securities of below
investment grade quality. These securities, which may be
preferred stock or debt, are predominantly speculative and
involve major risk exposure to adverse conditions. Securities
that are rated lower than “Baa” by Moody’s or
“BBB” by S&P, or unrated securities that are of
comparable quality, are commonly referred to as “junk
bonds.”
Investment
Companies
The Fund may invest in securities of other open- or closed-end
investment companies to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act.
The Fund expects that these investments will include securities
of exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”) and business
development companies. ETFs generally are passively managed and
seek to track or replicate a desired index. Business development
companies generally are specialty finance companies that provide
debt and/or equity capital to companies at various stages of
development from emerging growth companies to expansion-stage
companies to established companies.
Foreign
Securities
The Fund may invest up to 30% of its Managed Assets in
securities of foreign issuers. While the Fund expects that its
investments in foreign securities will consist primarily of
sponsored American Depository Receipts (“ADRs”)
denominated in U.S. dollars, the Fund may invest in other
foreign securities. ADRs are receipts issued by United States
banks or trust companies in respect of securities of foreign
issuers held on deposit for use in the United States securities
markets. Although ADRs are alternatives to directly purchasing
the underlying foreign securities in their national markets and
currencies, they continue to be subject to many of the risks
associated with investing directly in foreign securities.
A short sale is a transaction in which the Fund sells a security
it does not own in anticipation that the market price of that
security will decline. If the price of the security sold short
increases between the time of the short sale and the time the
Fund replaces the borrowed security, the Fund will incur a loss;
conversely, if the price declines, the Fund will realize a
capital gain. Any gain will be decreased, and any loss will be
increased, by the transaction costs incurred by the Fund,
including the costs associated with providing collateral to the
broker-dealer (usually cash and liquid securities) and the
maintenance of collateral with its custodian. The Fund may also
make short sales “against the box” without being
subject to such limitations.
In this type of short sale, at the time of the sale, the Fund
owns, or has the immediate and unconditional right to acquire at
no additional cost, the identical security.
Strategic
Transactions and Derivatives
The Fund may use certain strategies for purposes such as
enhancing return, seeking to hedge various market risks inherent
in the Fund’s portfolio, to manage the effective maturity
or duration of income-producing securities in the Fund’s
portfolio or in connection with the Fund’s use of leverage
or otherwise.
19
These strategies may be executed through the use of derivative
contracts. In the course of pursuing these investment
strategies, the Fund may purchase and sell exchange-listed and
over-the-counter put
and call options on securities, equity and fixed-income indices
and other instruments, purchase and sell futures contracts and
options on futures, enter into various transactions such as
swaps, caps, floors or collars (collectively, all the above are
called “Strategic Transactions”). In addition,
Strategic Transactions may also include new techniques,
instruments or strategies that are permitted as regulatory
changes occur. Certain of these Strategic Transactions, such as
options and futures contracts, are described briefly below. For
a more complete discussion of the Fund’s investment
practices involving Strategic Transactions in derivatives and
certain other investment techniques, see “Investment
Policies and Techniques — Strategic Transactions and
Derivatives” in the Fund’s statement of additional
information.
Options. The Fund may purchase or sell, i.e., write,
options on securities and securities indices which are listed on
a national securities exchange or in the
over-the-counter
(“OTC”) market, as a means of achieving additional
return or of hedging the value of the Fund’s portfolio. A
call option is a contract that, in return for a premium, gives
the holder of the option the right to buy from the writer of the
call option the security underlying the option at a specified
exercise price at any time during the term of the option. The
writer of the call option has the obligation, upon exercise of
the option, to deliver the underlying security upon payment of
the exercise price during the option period. A put option is the
reverse of a call option, giving the holder the right, in return
for a premium, to sell the underlying security to the writer, at
a specified price, and obligating the writer to purchase the
underlying security from the holder at that price.
Futures Contracts and Options on Futures. The Fund may
purchase and sell financial futures contracts and options on
futures that are traded on a commodities exchange or board of
trade to enhance return or for certain hedging, yield
enhancement and risk management purposes. A financial futures
contract is an agreement to purchase or sell an agreed amount of
securities at a set price for delivery in the future. These
futures contracts and related options may be on debt securities,
financial indices, securities indices and U.S. government
securities.
Repurchase agreements may be seen as loans by the Fund
collateralized by underlying debt securities. Under the terms of
a typical repurchase agreement, the Fund would acquire an
underlying debt obligation for a relatively short period
(usually not more than one week) subject to an obligation of the
seller to repurchase, and the Fund to resell, the obligation at
an agreed price and time. This arrangement results in a fixed
rate of return to the Fund that is not subject to market
fluctuations during the holding period. The Fund bears a risk of
loss in the event that the other party to a repurchase agreement
defaults on its obligations, and the Fund is delayed in or
prevented from exercising its rights to dispose of the
collateral securities, including the risk of a possible decline
in the value of the underlying securities during the period in
which it seeks to assert these rights. The Subadviser, acting
under the oversight of the Board of Directors of the Fund,
reviews the creditworthiness of those banks and dealers with
which the Fund enters into repurchase agreements to evaluate
these risks and monitors on an ongoing basis the value of the
securities subject to repurchase agreements to ensure that the
value is maintained at the required level.
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Restricted and Illiquid Securities |
The Fund may invest in securities for which there is no readily
available trading market or that are otherwise illiquid.
Illiquid securities include securities legally restricted as to
resale, such as commercial paper issued pursuant to
Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the
“Securities Act”), and securities eligible for resale
pursuant to Rule 144A thereunder. It may be difficult to
sell such securities at a price representing their fair value
until such time as such securities may be sold publicly. Where
registration is required, a considerable period may elapse
between a decision to sell the securities and the time when it
would be permitted to sell. Thus, the Fund may not be able to
obtain as favorable a price as that prevailing at the time of
the decision to sell. The Fund may also acquire securities
through private placements under which it may agree to
contractual restrictions on the resale of such securities. Such
restrictions might prevent their sale at a time when such sale
would otherwise be desirable.
20
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Loans of Portfolio Securities |
To increase income, the Fund may lend its portfolio securities
to securities broker-dealers or financial institutions if
(i) the loan is collateralized in accordance with
applicable regulatory requirements and (ii) no loan will
cause the value of all loaned securities to exceed
331/3%
of the value of the Fund’s total assets.
If the borrower fails to maintain the requisite amount of
collateral, the loan automatically terminates and the Fund could
use the collateral to replace the securities while holding the
borrower liable for any excess of replacement cost over the
value of the collateral. As with any extension of credit, there
are risks of delay in recovery and in some cases even loss of
rights in collateral should the borrower of the securities fail
financially. There can be no assurance that borrowers will not
fail financially. On termination of the loan, the borrower is
required to return the securities to the Fund, and any gain or
loss in the market price during the loan would inure to the
Fund. If the other party to the loan petitions for bankruptcy or
becomes subject to the United States Bankruptcy Code, the
law regarding the rights of the Fund is unsettled. As a result,
under extreme circumstances, there may be a restriction on the
Fund’s ability to sell the collateral and the Fund would
suffer a loss. Income received by the Fund from borrowers of
dividend-paying securities loaned by the Fund from its portfolio
will be treated as fully taxable ordinary income (i.e., income
other than qualified dividend income). See “Investment
Policies and Techniques — Lending of Portfolio
Securities” in the Fund’s statement of additional
information.
Pending investment of offering or leverage proceeds or when
attractive investment opportunities are not available, the Fund
may invest without limit in securities issued by the
U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities, and
in short-term debt securities, including commercial paper,
repurchase agreements, certificates of deposits, and other money
market instruments, including securities of money market funds,
or in cash or cash equivalents, all of which are expected to
produce lower returns than the securities normally held in the
portfolio. The Fund also may invest in high quality short-term
securities or cash on a temporary basis to meet working capital
needs, including, but not limited to, for collateral in
connection with certain investment techniques, to hold a reserve
pending payment of dividends and distributions, and to
facilitate the payment of expenses and settlement of trades. To
the extent the Fund invests in these securities, such
investments are inconsistent with, any may result in the Fund
not achieving, its investment objective.
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund will buy and sell securities to seek to accomplish its
investment objective. Portfolio turnover generally involves some
expense to the Fund, including brokerage commissions or dealer
mark-ups and other transaction costs on the sale of securities
and reinvestment in other securities. The portfolio turnover
rate is computed by dividing the lesser of the amount of the
securities purchased or securities sold by the average monthly
value of securities owned during the year (excluding securities
whose maturities at acquisition were one year or less). Higher
portfolio turnover may decrease the after-tax return to
individual investors in the Fund to the extent it results in a
decrease of the long-term capital gains portion of distributions
to shareholders. Under normal market conditions, the Fund
anticipates that its annual portfolio turnover rate will not
exceed 100%.
21
INVESTMENT PHILOSOPHY
The Investment Adviser will be responsible for the overall
management of the Fund. The Investment Adviser has delegated to
the Subadviser responsibility for the overall day-to-day
management of the Fund’s investments, including the
allocation of assets between the Income Strategy and Hedge
Strategy. The Subadviser will use a disciplined value strategy
which has been developed over a period of nearly 30 years
of active investment management.
Income Strategy
In making stock selections for the Income Strategy, the
Subadviser seeks to invest in securities that generate regular
income and offer the potential for capital appreciation. In
evaluating stocks, the Subadviser compares companies’ stock
prices to their book values, cash flows and dividend yields and
analyzes individual companies to seek to identify those that are
financially sound and that appear to have strong potential for
long-term growth and income. The Subadviser seeks to select the
most attractive stocks, drawing on analysis of economic outlooks
for various sectors and industries. The Subadviser may favor
securities from different sectors at different times. The
Subadviser normally will sell a stock when it reaches a target
price, its fundamental factors have changed or when it believes
other investments offer better opportunities.
The Subadviser identifies potential investment opportunities by
emphasizing stocks that it believes offer unique investment
values. The criteria used to identify such stocks include below
average
price-to-earnings
ratios, price-to-book
ratios, price-to-cash
flow ratios and above average dividend yields. The Subadviser
begins the investment process by starting with a quantitative
screening process that identifies potentially undervalued
stocks. The Subadviser’s objective is not merely to
identify “cheap” stocks, because the Subadviser
believes that such an approach seldom achieves results that are
consistently superior without unnecessary risks. The
quantitative screening utilized by the Subadviser reflects its
process for identifying a universe of stocks from which to
identify potential buying opportunities.
The Subadviser’s primary quantitative (i.e. statistical)
factor will be low P/ E ratios, because of the Subadviser’s
belief in the potentially superior performance characteristics
of such stocks. The Subadviser also considers the
price-to-book ratios
and price-to-cash flow
ratios of stocks. The Subadviser intends to focus the
Fund’s investments in companies whose market prices are low
in relation to P/ E, book value and cash flow in order to seek
to buy solid assets and value, rather than paying a high price
for a concept or fad. Another characteristic that the Subadviser
will seek to identify in the securities in which the Fund may
invest is a relatively low or sharply declining institutional
ownership. The Subadviser believes that this factor indicates
that such stocks are falling out of favor with the investment
community and may indicate that such stocks are becoming cheap.
The Subadviser generally will stress companies that possess
strong financial positions. Investment criteria will involve
close analysis of
debt-to-capital ratios
to see if there is a manageable amount of debt on a
company’s balance sheet, with a goal of identifying
companies with no more than 50% to 60% of their total capital
composed of debt. In addition, an analysis of cash and current
ratios will also be conducted, with a goal of determining
whether the potential investment opportunities have strong
staying power, and can self-finance themselves should the need
arise. The Subadviser’s objective is to identify strong
companies and not to speculate on weak stocks or potential
bankruptcies, unless there are special circumstances that
warrant examination.
The Subadviser will seek to invest in stocks that have an
above-average dividend yield. The Subadviser believes that high
yield is a crucial indicator of investment success. Furthermore,
the Subadviser believes that the dividend growth rate of low P/
E ratio stocks tends to be significantly greater than average.
Generally the Subadviser adopts a buy-and-hold portfolio, and
the importance of dividends becomes a critical factor in total
return in down-market periods. The Subadviser believes that an
above-average dividend yield gives a portfolio a potentially
strong defensive characteristic. Furthermore, the Subadviser
believes that dividends not only provide most of any return
during such periods, but the above-average dividend yield also
provides strong protection in down markets. In a volatile market
environment, the Subadviser believes that dividend yield can
lower a portfolio’s volatility.
22
The Subadviser will apply a rigorous
bottom-up fundamental
analysis to the universe of stocks identified as investment
opportunities in order to select a manageable group of promising
stocks. The Subadviser will seek to avoid problematical low P/ E
ratio stocks and concentrate on those stocks that have shown
above-average earnings growth on both a five and ten year basis.
The Subadviser will apply careful and sophisticated analytical
techniques to each stock in the low P/ E ratio universe to
identify those it believes have fundamental strength. In
conducting its fundamental analysis, stocks with financial
problems, structural deficiencies, management issues, lack of
financial transparency or other identifiable problems generally
will be pared from the list of potential buying opportunities.
Because the Subadviser intends to select securities that may be
out of favor with investors, the Subadviser believes in the
importance of patience in waiting for the market’s
realization of underlying value to come into line with the
Subadviser’s opinion of a security’s value. As a
consequence, the turnover rate of the Fund’s portfolio may
be significantly lower than industry averages.
High yield bonds and non-equity securities are selected using
relative value and fundamental analysis. The Subadviser seeks to
identify stable to improving credit situations that may provide
yield compensation for the risk of investing in below investment
grade securities.
Although the Fund will not invest more than 25% of its assets in
any single industry, the Fund’s emphasis on
income-producing securities may result in significant exposure
to the energy and real estate sectors. Both of these sectors
tend to be cyclical in nature, and a prolonged downturn in
either sector could have an adverse effect on the Fund’s
net asset value.
Hedge Strategy
Under normal circumstances, the Fund will allocate at least 10%,
but not more than 40%, of its Managed Assets to the Hedge
Strategy. The Hedge Strategy seeks to provide returns that are
not correlated with the market, as measured by the performance
of the S&P 500 Index. The Hedge Strategy focuses on long and
short positions of common stocks of large U.S. companies
that are similar in size to the companies in the S&P 500
Index. The Subadviser generally seeks to buy, or take long
positions in, common stocks with low P/E ratios and seeks to
sell, or hold short positions in, common stocks with high P/E
ratios. The Subadviser uses the proprietary process described
above, which emphasizes quantitative factors to select the
potential universe of investments. As a part of the Hedge
Strategy, the Subadviser may also seek to enhance returns
through futures on stock indices, options on futures, securities
of exchange-traded funds and other instruments that provide
broad market exposure.
Other Techniques
The Fund may invest up to 30% of its Managed Assets in
securities of foreign issuers. The Fund is permitted, but not
required, to use various types of derivative products.
Derivatives may be used to enhance returns or for hedging or
risk management purposes. The Fund also may use derivatives when
the Subadviser believes they offer an economical means of
gaining exposure to a market.
23
USE OF LEVERAGE
The Fund may borrow and/or issue preferred stock or debt
securities to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act
of 1940, as amended. These practices are known as leveraging.
Depending on the Subadviser’s assessment of market
conditions, the Fund currently anticipates using leverage in an
amount up to approximately
331/3%
of the Fund’s total assets (including the leverage
proceeds) and anticipates initially leveraging primarily through
borrowing. The Fund also may borrow money as a temporary measure
for extraordinary or emergency purposes, including the payment
of dividends and the settlement of securities transactions,
which otherwise might require untimely dispositions of the
Fund’s portfolio securities.
Leverage creates risks for Common Shareholders, including the
likelihood of greater volatility of net asset value and market
price. There is a risk that fluctuations in the dividend rates
on any preferred stock or in the interest rates on any
borrowings may adversely affect the return to the holders of
common stock. If the return on the securities purchased with
such funds is not sufficient to cover the costs of leverage, the
return on Common Shares will be less than if leverage had not
been used, and therefore the amount available for distribution
to holders of common stock as dividends and other distributions
will be reduced. The Fund in its best judgment nevertheless may
determine to maintain the Fund’s leveraged position if it
deems such action to be appropriate in the circumstances.
Changes in the value of the Fund’s portfolio (including
investments bought with the leverage proceeds) will be borne
entirely by the common stockholders. If there is a net decrease
(or increase) in the value of the Fund’s investment
portfolio, the leverage will decrease (or increase) the net
asset value per share to a greater extent than if the Fund were
not leveraged. During periods in which the Fund is using
leverage, the fees received by the Investment Adviser and the
Subadviser for investment advisory services will be higher than
if the Fund did not use leverage because the fees paid will be
calculated on the basis of the Fund’s Managed Assets,
including proceeds from the use of leverage.
The Fund may be subject to certain restrictions on investments
imposed by lenders or by one or more rating agencies that may
issue ratings for any senior securities issued by the Fund.
Borrowing covenants or rating agency guidelines may impose asset
coverage or Fund composition requirements that are more
stringent than those imposed on the Fund by the 1940 Act. It is
not anticipated that these covenants or guidelines will impede
the Subadviser from managing the Fund’s portfolio in
accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and
policies.
Under the 1940 Act, the Fund is not permitted to incur
indebtedness unless immediately after such borrowing the Fund
has an asset coverage of at least 300% of the aggregate
outstanding principal balance of indebtedness (i.e., such
indebtedness may not exceed
331/3%
of the value of the Fund’s total assets including the
amount borrowed). Additionally, under the 1940 Act, the Fund may
not declare any dividend or other distribution upon any class of
its shares, or purchase any such shares, unless the aggregate
indebtedness of the Fund has, at the time of the declaration of
any such dividend or distribution or at the time of any such
purchase, asset coverage of at least 300% after deducting the
amount of such divided, distribution, or purchase price, at the
case may be. Under the 1940 Act, the Fund is not permitted to
issue preferred stock unless immediately after such issuance the
total asset value of the Fund’s portfolio is at least 200%
of the liquidation value of the outstanding preferred stock
(i.e., such liquidation value may not exceed 50% of the
Fund’s Managed Assets). In addition, the Fund is not
permitted to declare any cash dividend or other distribution on
its Common Shares unless, at the time of such declaration, the
net asset value of the Fund’s portfolio (determined after
deducting the amount of such dividend or other distribution) is
at least 200% of such liquidation value of the preferred stock.
If preferred stock is issued, the Fund intends, to the extent
possible, to purchase or redeem shares, from time to time, to
maintain coverage of any preferred stock of at least 200%.
Normally, holders of common stock will elect the directors of
the Fund except, that the holders of any preferred stock will
elect two directors. In the event the Fund failed to pay
dividends on its preferred stock for two years, holders of
preferred stock would be entitled to elect a majority of the
directors until the dividends are paid.
Assuming the use of leverage in the amount of
331/3%
of the Fund’s total assets (including the proceeds of the
leverage) and an annual interest/dividend rate on leverage of
5.75% payable on such leverage based on
24
estimated market interest/dividend rates as of the date of this
prospectus, the additional income that the Fund must earn (net
of estimated expenses related to leverage) in order to cover
such interest/dividend payments is 3.43%. The Fund’s actual
cost of leverage will be based on market interest/dividend rates
at the time the Fund undertakes a leveraging strategy, and such
actual cost of leverage may be higher or lower than that assumed
in the previous example.
The following table is furnished pursuant to requirements of the
Securities and Exchange Commission. It is designed to illustrate
the effect of leverage on total return on shares of common
stock, assuming investment portfolio total returns (comprised of
income, net expenses and changes in the value of investments
held in the Fund’s portfolio) of -10%, -5%, 0%, 5% and 10%.
These assumed investment portfolio returns are hypothetical
figures and are not necessarily indicative of what the
Fund’s investment portfolio returns will be. The table
further reflects the use of leverage representing approximately
331/3%
of the Fund’s total assets after such issuance and the
Fund’s currently projected annual interest/dividend rate of
5.75%. See “Risks” and “Use of Leverage.”
The table does not reflect any offering costs of Common Shares
or leverage.
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
Assumed Portfolio Return
|
|
|
(10.00) |
% |
|
|
(5.00) |
% |
|
|
0.00 |
% |
|
|
5.00 |
% |
|
|
10.00 |
% |
Common Share Total Return
|
|
|
(17.88) |
% |
|
|
(10.38) |
% |
|
|
(2.88 |
)% |
|
|
4.63 |
% |
|
|
12.13 |
% |
Total return is composed of two elements — the common
stock dividends paid by the Fund (the amount of which is largely
determined by the Fund’s net investment income after paying
the cost of leverage) and realized and unrealized gains or
losses on the value of the securities the Fund owns. As the
table shows, leverage generally increases the return to Common
Shareholders when portfolio return is positive or greater than
the costs of leverage and decreases return when the portfolio
return is negative or less than the costs of leverage.
During the time in which the Fund is using leverage, the amount
of the fees paid to the Investment Adviser and the Subadviser
for investment management services will be higher than if the
Fund did not use leverage because the fees paid will be
calculated based on the Fund’s Managed Assets. Because the
leverage costs will be borne by the Fund at a specified rate,
only the Fund’s Common Shareholders will bear the cost of
the Fund’s management fees and other expenses.
Unless and until the Fund uses leverage, the Common Shares will
not be leveraged and this section will not apply. Any
determination to use leverage by the Fund, including the
aggregate amount of leverage, if any, from time to time and the
type and terms of such leverage, will be made by the Investment
Adviser after consultation with the Subadviser, subject to
approval of the Fund’s Board of Directors.
25
RISKS
Investors should consider the following risk factors and special
considerations associated with investing in the Fund’s
Common Shares.
No Operating History
The Fund is a newly organized, non-diversified, closed-end
management investment company with no operating history.
Not a Complete Investment Program
The Fund is intended for investors seeking a high level of total
return over the long term, and is not intended to be a
short-term trading vehicle. An investment in the Common Shares
of the Fund should not be considered a complete investment
program. Each investor should take into account the Fund’s
investment objective as well as the investor’s other
investments when considering an investment in the Common Shares.
Investment and Market Risks
An investment in the Common Shares is subject to investment risk
and market risk, including the possible loss of the entire
principal amount of your investment. An investment in the Common
Shares represents an indirect investment in the securities owned
by the Fund. At any point in time, Common Shares may be worth
less than your original investment, even after taking into
account the reinvestment of dividends and distributions.
Market Discount Risk
Shares of closed-end investment companies like the Fund
frequently trade at a price below their net asset value,
commonly referred to as a “discount.” This
characteristic is a risk separate and distinct from the risk
that the Fund’s net asset value could decrease as a result
of the Fund’s investment activities and may be greater for
investors expecting to sell their shares in a relatively short
period following completion of this offering. Because the market
price of the Common Shares will be affected by such factors as
the relative demand for and supply of the Common Shares, general
market and economic conditions and other factors beyond the
control of the Fund, the Fund cannot predict whether the Common
Shares will trade at, below or above net asset value or at,
below or above the public offering price. The Fund’s net
asset value immediately following this offering will be reduced
by the deduction of the sales load and the amount of offering
expenses paid by the Fund. See “Use of Proceeds.”
Common Stock Risk
The Fund may invest in common stocks. Investments in common
stocks involve common stock risk, which is the risk that common
stocks and similar equity securities held by the Fund will fall
due to general market or economic conditions, perceptions
regarding the industries in which the issuers of securities held
by the Fund participate, and the particular circumstances and
performance of individual companies whose securities the Fund
holds. For example, an adverse event, such as an unfavorable
earnings report, may depress the value of equity securities of
an issuer held by the Fund; the price of common stock of an
issuer may be particularly sensitive to general movements in the
stock market; or a drop in the stock market may depress the
price of most or all of the common stocks and other equity
securities held by the Fund. In addition, common stock of an
issuer in the Fund’s portfolio may decline in price if the
issuer fails to make anticipated dividend payments because,
among other reasons, the issuer of the security experiences a
decline in its financial condition. While broad market measures
of commons stocks have historically generated higher average
returns than fixed income securities, common stocks have also
experienced significantly more volatility in those returns.
26
Value Style Risk
The Fund focuses its investments on dividend-paying common
stocks or other income-producing securities that the Subadviser
believes are undervalued or inexpensive relative to other
investments. These types of securities may present risks in
addition to the general risks associated with investing in
common and preferred stocks, including the risk that securities
that are perceived as “value” stocks may not perform
as well as securities that are perceived as “growth”
stocks during periods when the market favors growth stocks
generally over value stocks.
Preferred Stock Risk
The Fund may invest in preferred stocks. Special risks
associated with investing in preferred stocks include deferral
of distributions or dividend payments (including, in some cases
the right of an issuer never to pay missed dividends),
subordination, illiquidity, limited voting rights and redemption
by the issuer.
Energy Trust Risk
The Fund may invest in equity securities of Canadian royalty
income trusts that own and/or operate energy related assets
(“Energy Trusts”). The value of Energy Trusts may
fluctuate in response to changes in the financial condition of
the issuer, the conditions of equity markets generally,
commodity prices (that will vary and are determined by supply
and demand factors including weather and general economic and
political conditions), the hedging policies of issuers, issues
relating to the regulation of the energy industry and
operational risks related to the energy industry. Distributions
on securities of Energy Trusts will depend on various factors
including the operating performance and financial condition of
the Energy Trusts, tax treatment of such distributions, and
general economic conditions.
REIT Risk
The Fund may invest in common stocks, preferred stocks,
convertible securities and rights and warrants, each issued by
REITs. As a result, an investment in the Fund may be linked to
the performance of the real estate markets. Property values may
fall due to increasing vacancies or declining rents resulting
from economic, legal, cultural or technological developments.
REIT prices also may drop because of the failure of borrowers to
pay their loans and poor management.
Convertible Securities Risk
The Fund may invest in convertible securities. Convertible
securities generally offer lower interest or dividend yields
than non-convertible securities of similar quality. The market
values of convertible securities tend to decline as interest
rates increase and, conversely, to increase as interest rates
decline. However, the convertible security’s market value
tends to reflect the market price of the common stock of the
issuing company when that stock price is greater than the
convertible security’s “conversion price.” The
conversion price is defined as the predetermined price at which
the convertible security could be exchanged for the associated
stock. As the market price of the underlying common stock
declines, the price of the convertible security tends to be
influenced more by the yield of the convertible security.
However, convertible securities rank below debt obligations of
the same issuer in order of preference or priority in the event
of a liquidation and are typically unrated or rated lower than
such debt obligations.
Below Investment Grade Securities Risk
The Fund may invest in below investment grade securities.
Investment in securities of below investment grade quality,
commonly referred to as “junk bonds,” may involve a
substantial risk of loss as they are predominantly speculative
with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and
repay principal when due. The market values for debt securities
of below investment grade quality also tend to be more sensitive
to individual corporate developments and changes in economic
conditions than higher quality securities. In addition, lower
rated securities and comparable unrated securities generally
present a higher degree of credit risk. The risk of loss due to
default by these issuers is significantly greater because such
lower rated securities
27
and unrated securities of comparable quality generally are
unsecured and frequently are subordinated to the prior payment
of senior indebtedness.
Investment Company Risk
The Fund may invest in securities of other investment companies.
As a stockholder in an investment company, the Fund will bear
its ratable share of that investment company’s expenses,
including the investment company’s investment advisory and
administrative fees. At the same time, the Fund would continue
to pay its own investment management fees with respect to the
assets so invested. Common Shareholders would therefore be
subject to duplicative expenses to the extent the Fund invests
in other investment companies. In addition, the securities of
other investment companies may be leveraged and will therefore
be subject to similar leverage risks as those described in this
prospectus. Securities of business development companies, a type
of closed-end investment company, also may include risks
commonly associated with private equity and venture capital
investments, and may be subject to a higher degree of risk.
Key Personnel Dependence Risk
Although the Subadviser has a long operating history, the firm
is relatively small and is dependent on the services of a
limited number of key investment personnel including the
firm’s founder, David N. Dreman. In the event of a loss of
key members of the investment team, including in particular
Mr. Dreman, the Subadviser may have to hire additional
personnel and to the extent that it is unable to hire qualified
individuals its operations may be affected.
Foreign Investment Risk
Foreign investments involve certain special risks, including:
Political Risk. Some foreign governments have limited the
outflow of profits to investors abroad, imposed restrictions on
the exchange or export of foreign currency, extended diplomatic
disputes to include trade and financial relations, seized
foreign investment and imposed high taxes.
Information Risk. Companies based in foreign markets are
usually not subject to accounting, auditing and financial
reporting standards and practices as stringent as those in the
U.S. Therefore, their financial reports may present an
incomplete, untimely or misleading picture of a foreign company,
as compared to the financial reports of U.S. companies.
Liquidity Risk. Investments that trade less can be more
difficult or more costly to buy, or to sell, than more liquid or
active investments. This liquidity risk is a factor of the
trading volume of a particular investment, as well as the size
and liquidity of the entire local market. On the whole, foreign
exchanges are smaller and less liquid than the U.S. market.
This can make buying and selling certain investments more
difficult and costly. Relatively small transactions in some
instances can have a disproportionately large effect on the
price and supply of securities. In certain situations it may
become virtually impossible to sell an investment in an orderly
fashion at a price that approaches the managers’ estimate
of its value. For the same reason, it may at times be difficult
to value the Fund’s foreign investments.
Regulatory Risk. There is generally less government
regulation of foreign markets, companies and securities dealers
than in the U.S.
Currency Risk. The Fund may invest in securities
denominated in foreign currencies. This creates the possibility
that changes in exchange rates between foreign currencies and
the U.S. dollar will affect the US dollar value of
foreign securities or the income or gain received on these
securities.
Limited Legal Recourse Risk. Legal remedies for investors
may be more limited than the remedies available in the U.S.
Trading Practice Risk. Brokerage commissions and other
fees may be higher for foreign investments than for
U.S. investments. The procedures and rules governing
foreign transactions and custody may also involve delays in
payment, delivery or recovery of money or investments.
28
Taxes. Foreign withholding and certain other taxes may
reduce the amount of income available to distribute to
shareholders of the Fund. In addition, special U.S. tax
considerations may apply to the Fund’s foreign investments.
Emerging Market Risk
All of the risks of investing in foreign securities, as
discussed above, are increased in connection with investments in
emerging markets securities. In addition, profound social
changes and business practices that depart from norms in
developed countries’ economies have hindered the orderly
growth of emerging economies and their markets in the past and
have caused instability. High levels of debt tend to make
emerging economies heavily reliant on foreign capital and
vulnerable to capital flight. These countries are also more
likely to experience high levels of inflation, deflation or
currency devaluation, which could also hurt their economies and
securities markets. For these and other reasons, investments in
emerging markets are often considered speculative.
Sector Risk
While the Fund does not concentrate in any industry, to the
extent that the Fund has exposure to a given industry or sector,
any factors affecting that industry or sector could affect the
value of portfolio securities. If the security selection process
results in more attractive stocks within a market sector or
industry, then the Subadviser would tend to overweight that
sector or industry. Overweighting investments in certain market
sectors or industries, such as the real estate or energy
sectors, may cause the Fund to suffer a loss related to advances
or declines in the prices of stocks in those sectors or
industries. Both of these sectors tend to be cyclical in nature,
and a prolonged downturn in either sector could have an adverse
effect on the Fund’s net asset value.
Dividend and Distribution Risk
Dividends and distributions paid by the Fund to its Common
Shareholders are derived in part from realized capital gains,
dividends and interest income from the Fund’s investments
in equity and debt securities and total returns generated from
the Fund’s other investment techniques. The total return
generated by the Fund’s investments can vary widely over
the short-term and long-term. If prevailing market interest
rates drop, distribution rates of the Fund’s portfolio
holdings of preferred securities and debt securities may
decline, which then may adversely affect the Fund’s
distributions on Common Shares as well. The Fund’s income
also would likely be affected adversely when prevailing
short-term interest rates increase and the Fund is using
leverage. Common stocks are structurally subordinated to
preferred stocks, bonds and other debt instruments, in terms of
priority to corporate income, and therefore will be subject to
greater dividend risk than preferred stocks or debt instruments
of such issuers.
Leverage Risk
Leverage is a speculative technique that may magnify losses of
the Fund and adversely affect Common Shareholders. The Fund will
pay (and the Common Shareholders will bear) any costs and
expenses relating to any leverage. If the income and gains
earned on securities purchased with leverage proceeds are
greater than the costs of leverage, the return on Common Shares
will be greater than if leverage had not been used. Conversely,
if the income or gain from the securities purchased with such
proceeds does not cover the costs of leverage, the return to the
Fund will be less than if leverage had not been used. There is
no assurance that a leveraging strategy will be successful.
Leverage involves risks and special considerations for Common
Shareholders, including:
|
|
|
|
• |
the likelihood of greater volatility of net asset value and
market price of the Common Shares than a comparable portfolio
without leverage because changes in the value of the Fund’s
portfolio investments, including investments purchased with the
proceeds of leverage, are borne entirely by the Common
Shareholders; |
29
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|
• |
the risk that fluctuations in interest rates on borrowings and
short-term debt or in the dividend rates on any leverage that
the Fund must pay will reduce the return to the holders of
Common Shares and will reduce income available for
distribution; and |
|
|
|
• |
the effect of leverage in a declining market, which is likely to
cause a greater decline in the net asset value of the Common
Shares than if the Fund were not leveraged, which may result in
a greater decline in the market price of the Common Shares. |
It is also possible that the Fund will be required to sell
assets at a time when it would otherwise not do so, possibly at
a loss, in order to redeem senior securities or meet payment
obligations on any leverage. Such a sale would reduce the
Fund’s net asset value and also make it difficult for the
net asset value to recover. The Fund’s use of leverage may
also impair the ability of the Fund to maintain its
qualification for federal income tax purposes as a regulated
investment company.
During periods in which the Fund is using leverage, the fees
received by the Fund’s Investment Adviser and Subadviser
will be higher than if leverage had not been used, because the
fees paid will be calculated based on the Fund’s Managed
Assets, which include assets attributable to leverage.
Short Sale Risk
The Fund may sell securities short. Short sales involve the risk
that the Fund will incur a loss by subsequently being required
to buy a security at a higher price than the price at which the
Fund previously sold the security short. Any loss will be
increased by the amount of compensation, interest or dividends,
and transaction costs the Fund must pay to a lender of the
security. In addition, because the Fund’s loss on a short
sale stems from increases in the value of the security sold
short, the extent of such loss, like the price of the security
sold short, is theoretically unlimited. By contrast, the
Fund’s loss on a long position arises from decreases in the
value of the security held by the Fund and therefore is limited
by the fact that a security’s value cannot drop below zero.
The use of short sales is in effect a form of leveraging the
Fund’s portfolio that could increase the Fund’s
exposure to the market, magnify losses and increase the
volatility of returns.
The Fund’s net asset value may increase if the securities
in its long portfolio increase in value more than the securities
underlying its short positions. On the other hand, the
Fund’s net asset value may decrease if the securities
underlying its short positions increase in value more than the
securities in its long portfolio. If the Fund’s long and
short positions do not perform as anticipated, the Fund’s
potential losses could exceed those of other funds that hold
only long stock portfolios.
The Fund may not always be able to close out a short position at
a particular time or at a favorable price. A lender may request
that borrowed securities be returned to it on short notice, and
the Fund may have to buy the borrowed securities at an
unfavorable price. If this occurs at a time that other short
sellers of the same security also want to close out their
positions, it is more likely that the Fund will have to cover
its short sale at an unfavorable price and potentially reduce or
eliminate any gain, or cause a loss, as a result of the short
sale.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk is the risk that fixed income securities in
the Fund’s portfolio will decline in value because of
increases in market interest rates. When market interest rates
rise, the market value of such securities generally will fall.
The Fund’s investment in such securities means that the net
asset value and market price of the Common Shares will tend to
decline if market interest rates rise.
Prepayment and Extension Risk
Preferred stock and debt securities frequently have call
features that allow the issuer to repurchase the security prior
to its stated maturity. During periods of declining interest
rates, the issuer of a security may exercise its option to
prepay principal earlier than scheduled, forcing the Fund to
reinvest in lower yielding securities. This is known as call or
prepayment risk. An issuer may redeem such a security if the
issuer can
30
refinance it at a lower cost due to declining interest rates or
an improvement in the credit standing of the issuer. During
periods of rising interest rates, the average life of certain
types of securities may be extended because of slower than
expected principal payments. This may lock in a below market
interest rate, increase the security’s duration, and reduce
the value of the security. This is known as extension risk.
Derivatives Risk
The Fund may use derivatives to enhance returns and for hedging
purposes. Risks associated with derivatives include: the risk
that the derivative is not well correlated with the security,
index or currency to which it relates; the risk that derivatives
used for risk management may not have the intended effects and
may result in losses or missed opportunities; the risk that the
Fund will be unable to sell the derivative because of an
illiquid secondary market; the risk that a counterparty is
unwilling or unable to meet its obligation; the risk of interest
rate movements; and the risk that the derivatives transaction
could expose the Fund to the effects of leverage, which could
increase the Fund’s exposure to the market and magnify
potential losses. There is no guarantee that derivatives
activities will be employed or that they will work, and their
use could cause lower returns or even losses to the Fund.
Illiquid Securities Risk
The Fund may invest in securities for which there is no readily
available trading market or that are otherwise illiquid. It may
be difficult to sell such securities at a price representing
their fair value and, where registration of such securities is
required, a considerable period may elapse between a decision to
sell the securities and the time when the Fund would be
permitted to sell.
Call Option Risk
As the seller of a call option, the Fund forgoes, during the
option’s term, the opportunity to profit from increases in
the market value of the security covering the call option above
the sum of the option premium received and the exercise price of
the call option, but retains the risk of loss, minus the option
premium received, should the price of the underlying security
decline. The extent of the Fund’s exposure to call option
risk will vary depending on the degree to which call options are
written on the portfolio. In addition, the value of any call
options written by the Fund, which will be priced daily, will be
affected by, among other things, changes in the value of the
securities or indices underlying the options and the remaining
time to the options’ expiration. The value of the call
options also may be adversely affected if the market for the
options becomes less liquid or smaller.
As the purchaser of a call option, upon payment of a premium,
depending on the price of the underlying instrument, the Fund
may choose not to exercise its call option prior to its
expiration, in which case the Fund would lose the premium it
paid for the call option. Upon exercise of the call option, if
the counterparty fails to make delivery of the instrument, the
Fund will lose any premium it paid as well as any anticipated
benefit of the transaction. The Fund’s ability to close out
its position as a purchaser of a call option is dependent, in
part, upon the liquidity of the option market, which in turn
depends on a number of factors.
Warrant and Rights Risk
Warrants and rights are subject to the same market risks as
common stocks, but are more volatile in price. Warrants and
rights do not carry the right to dividends or voting rights with
respect to their underlying securities, and they do not
represent any rights in the assets of the issuer. An investment
in warrants or rights may be considered speculative. In
addition, the value of a warrant or right does not necessarily
change with the value of the underlying security and a warrant
or right ceases to have value if it is not exercised prior to
its expiration date. The purchase of warrants or rights involves
the risk that the Fund could lose the purchase value of a
warrant or right if the right to subscribe for additional shares
is not exercised prior to the warrants’ or rights’
expiration. Also, the purchase of warrants and rights involves
the risk that the effective price paid for the warrant or right
added to the subscription price of the related security may
exceed the value of the subscribed security’s market price
such as when there is no movement in the price of the underlying
security.
31
Repurchase Agreement Risk
With respect to repurchase agreements, if the party agreeing to
repurchase specific securities should default, the Fund may seek
to sell the securities that it holds. This could involve
transaction costs or delays in addition to a loss on the
securities if their value should fall below their repurchase
price. Repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days
are considered to be illiquid securities.
Inflation Risk
Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income
from investment will be worth less in the future as inflation
decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the real
value of certain portfolio securities and distributions thereon
can decline.
Deflation Risk
Deflation risk is the risk that prices throughout the economy
decline over time, which may have an adverse effect on the
market valuation of companies, their assets and revenues. In
addition, deflation may have an adverse effect on the
creditworthiness of issuers and may make issuer default more
likely, which may result in a decline in the value of the
Fund’s portfolio.
Non-Diversified Status
As a “non-diversified” investment company under the
1940 Act, the Fund is not limited by the 1940 Act in the
proportion of its assets that may be invested in securities of a
single issuer and, accordingly, may invest a greater portion of
its assets in the secondary market securities of a similar
number of issuers than a diversified Fund. An investment in the
Fund may, under certain circumstances, present greater risk to
an investor than an investment in a diversified company because
changes in the financial condition or market assessment of a
single issuer may cause greater fluctuations in the value of the
Fund’s Common Shares. The Fund intends to comply with the
diversification requirements of the Internal Revenue Code of
1986, as amended (the “Code”), for qualification as a
regulated investment company.
Market Disruption Risk
The U.S. securities markets are subject to disruption as a
result of terrorist activities such as the terrorist attacks on
the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001; the war in
Iraq and its aftermath; other hostilities; and other
geopolitical events. Such events have led, or may in the future
lead, to short-term market volatility and may have long-term
effects on the U.S. economy and markets.
32
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
Board of Directors
The Fund’s Board of Directors has overall responsibility
for the management of the Fund. The Board of Directors decides
upon matters of general policy and reviews the actions of the
Investment Adviser, the Subadviser and other service providers
of the Fund. The names and business addresses of the Board of
Directors and officers of the Fund and their principal
occupations and other affiliations during the past five years
are set forth under “Management of the Fund” in the
statement of additional information.
The Investment Adviser and Administrator
Deutsche Investment Management Americas Inc., with headquarters
at 345 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10154, is the
Fund’s investment adviser pursuant to an investment
management agreement with the Fund (the “Investment
Management Agreement”). Pursuant to the Investment
Management Agreement, and subject to oversight by the
Fund’s Board, the Investment Adviser provides continuing
investment management of the assets of the Fund in accordance
with the Fund’s investment objective, policies and
restrictions. The Investment Adviser’s services include,
but are not limited to, the supervision and oversight of the
activities of the Fund’s Subadviser and monitoring the
Fund’s performance and compliance with its investment
guidelines. DeIM provides a full range of investment advisory
services to retail and institutional clients, and as of
June 30, 2006 had total assets of approximately
$164 billion under management. DeIM is an indirect
wholly-owned subsidiary of Deutsche Bank AG, an
international commercial and investment banking institution that
is engaged in a wide range of financial services, including
investment management, mutual fund, retail, private and
commercial banking, investment banking and insurance. As of
June 30, 2006, Deutsche Asset Management, the global asset
management division of Deutsche Bank AG, had more than
US$650 billion in assets under management. DeIM, along with
DWS Scudder, is part of Deutsche Asset Management. Funds managed
by DeAM are referred to as “DWS funds.”
DeIM serves as the Fund’s administrator pursuant to an
administrative services agreement with the Fund
(“Administrative Services Agreement”), and receives an
annual fee of 0.10% of the Fund’s average daily Managed
Assets for its services. Pursuant to the Administrative Services
Agreement, DeIM provides administrative services to the Fund,
including, among others, providing the Fund with personnel,
preparing and making required filings on behalf of the Fund,
maintaining books and records for the Fund, fund accounting
services for the Fund, and monitoring the valuation of Fund
securities.
The Subadviser
Dreman Value Management LLC acts as the Fund’s subadviser
pursuant to a sub-advisory agreement with the Investment Adviser
(the “Sub-Advisory
Agreement”), and is responsible for the day-to-day
management of the Fund’s portfolio. Dreman is a Delaware
limited liability company with principal offices located at
520 East Cooper Avenue
230-4, Aspen, Colorado
81611. Dreman was organized in April 1997. Its predecessor firms
date back to 1977 and it is controlled by David N. Dreman
through family trusts. Dreman acts as investment adviser for
individuals, pension trusts, and endowments, and investment
companies with aggregate assets under management exceeding
$17.8 billion as of June 30, 2006.
David N. Dreman serves as the Fund’s Lead Portfolio Manager
and has the primary responsibility for selecting the Fund’s
investments. Mr. Dreman began his investment career in
1957, founded the predecessor to Dreman Value
Management, LLC, and has served as Chairman and Chief
Investment Officer of Dreman since its inception.
F. James Hutchinson serves as a Fund Portfolio Manager.
Mr. Hutchinson is an Executive Vice President and Managing
Director at Dreman. Mr. Hutchinson has had over
30 years experience in Finance and Trust/ Investment
Management with The Bank of New York prior to joining Dreman in
August of 2000. In addition to several senior corporate banking
assignments, Mr. Hutchinson was elected president of The
Bank of New York (Delaware) in 1987 and president of The
Bank of
New York-NJ
in 1995.
33
Additional information about the portfolio managers’
compensation, other accounts managed by them, the ownership of
securities in the Fund by each of them and other information are
provided in the statement of additional information. The
statement of additional information is available free of charge
by calling
(800) 349-4281 or
by visiting the Fund’s website at www.cef.dws-scudder.com.
Information included on the website does not form a part of this
prospectus.
The Subadviser serves as subadviser to several DWS funds, but is
not otherwise affiliated with Deutsche Bank AG.
Advisory Agreements
Pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement, DeIM is
responsible for managing the Fund’s portfolio, subject at
all times to the general oversight of the Fund’s Board of
Directors. The Fund has agreed to pay DeIM a management fee
payable on a monthly basis at the annual rate of 1.00% of the
Fund’s average daily Managed Assets for the services it
provides.
In addition to the fees of the Investment Adviser, the Fund pays
all other costs and expenses of its operations, including, but
not limited to, compensation of its directors (other than those
affiliated with the Investment Adviser), custodial expenses,
transfer agency and dividend disbursing expenses, legal fees,
expenses of independent auditors, expenses of repurchasing
shares, expenses of any leverage, expenses of preparing,
printing and distributing prospectuses, stockholder reports,
notices, proxy statements and reports to governmental agencies,
and taxes, if any.
Because the fees received by the Investment Adviser are based on
the Managed Assets of the Fund, the Investment Adviser has a
financial incentive for the Fund to use leverage, which may
create a conflict of interest between the Investment Adviser and
the holders of common stock. Because leverage costs will be
borne by the Fund at a specified rate of return, the Fund’s
investment management fees and other expenses, including
expenses incurred as a result of any leverage, are paid only by
the Common Shareholders and not by holders of preferred stock or
borrowings. See “Use of Leverage.”
Pursuant to the
Sub-Advisory Agreement,
Dreman, under the oversight of the Fund’s Board of
Directors and the Investment Adviser, provides a continuous
investment program for the Fund’s portfolio, provides
investment research and makes and executes recommendations for
the purchase and sale of securities. Under the
Sub-Advisory Agreement,
the Investment Adviser pays Dreman an annual fee of 0.425% of
the Fund’s average daily Managed Assets for the first three
years of the Fund’s operations, 0.575% of the Fund’s
average daily Managed Assets for the next three years and 0.500%
of the Fund’s average daily Managed Assets thereafter.
The Agreement further provides that, notwithstanding the
foregoing schedule, the Investment Adviser has agreed to pay
Dreman a minimum fee in the amount of $2.5 million per year
for a period of six (6) years following the commencement of
operations. The minimum fee shall be reduced by the applicable
fee rate above, multiplied by the difference between
(i) the Fund’s net assets immediately following the
closing of the initial public offering of common stock, and
(ii) and the Fund’s average daily Managed Assets for
the applicable twelve-month period.
The Sub-Advisory Agreement further provides that, consistent
with its fiduciary duties to the Fund and to the extent the
Investment Adviser believes it to be in the best interest of the
Fund, the Investment Adviser shall not for a period of ten
(10) years recommend termination of the Sub-Advisory
Agreement and shall not cause itself not to act as investment
adviser to the Fund if such event would result in the
termination of the Sub-Advisory Agreement. If the Investment
Adviser breaches this provision, the Subadviser is entitled to
certain minimum payments under the Agreement subject to certain
limited exceptions as described in the Agreement. These
provisions create a potential conflict of interest for the
Investment Adviser because a recommendation to terminate the
Subadviser could have adverse financial consequences to the
Investment Adviser. See the “statement of additional
information” for more information.
A discussion of the basis for the Board of Director’s
approval of the Fund’s Investment Management Agreement and
Sub-Advisory Agreement
will be provided in the Fund’s initial shareholder report.
The basis
34
for subsequent continuations of these agreements will be
provided in annual or semi-annual reports to shareholders for
the periods during which such continuations occur.
Deutsche Bank AG or one of its affiliates (or in the case of the
Subadviser, one of its affiliates) may act as a broker for the
Fund and receive brokerage commissions or other
transaction-related compensation from the Fund in the purchase
and sale of securities, options or futures contracts when, in
the judgment of the Subadviser, and in accordance with
procedures approved by the Fund’s Board, the affiliated
broker will be able to obtain a price and execution at least as
favorable as those obtained from other qualified brokers and if,
in the transaction, the affiliated broker charges the Fund a
rate consistent with that charged to comparable unaffiliated
customers in similar transactions.
Market Timing-Related Regulatory and Litigation Matters
Since at least July 2003, federal, state and industry regulators
have been conducting ongoing inquiries and investigations
(“inquiries”) into the mutual fund industry, and have
requested information from numerous mutual fund companies,
including DWS Scudder. The DWS funds’ advisers have been
cooperating in connection with these inquiries and are in
discussions with the regulators concerning proposed settlements.
Publicity about mutual fund practices arising from these
industrywide inquiries serves as the general basis of a number
of private lawsuits against the DWS funds. These lawsuits, which
previously have been reported in the press, involve purported
class action and derivative lawsuits, making various allegations
and naming as defendants various persons, including certain DWS
funds, the funds’ investment advisers and their affiliates,
and certain individuals, including in some cases fund Trustees/
Directors, officers, and other parties. Each DWS fund’s
investment adviser has agreed to indemnify the applicable DWS
funds in connection with these lawsuits, or other lawsuits or
regulatory actions that may be filed making allegations similar
to these lawsuits regarding market timing, revenue sharing, fund
valuation or other subjects arising from or related to the
pending inquiries. It is not possible to determine with
certainty what the outcome of these inquiries will be or what
the effect, if any, would be on the Fund or the Investment
Adviser.
With respect to the lawsuits, based on currently available
information, the DWS funds’ investment advisers believe the
likelihood that the pending lawsuits will have a material
adverse financial impact on a DWS fund is remote and such
actions are not likely to materially affect their ability to
perform under their investment management agreements with the
DWS funds.
With respect to the regulatory matters, Deutsche Asset
Management (“DeAM”) has advised the DWS funds as
follows:
|
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DeAM expects to reach final agreements with regulators in 2006
regarding allegations of improper trading in the DWS funds.
DeAM expects that it will reach settlement agreements with the
Securities and Exchange Commission, the New York Attorney
General and the Illinois Secretary of State providing for
payment of disgorgement, penalties, and investor education
contributions totaling approximately $134 million.
Approximately $127 million of this amount would be
distributed to shareholders of the affected DWS funds (which
would not include the Fund) in accordance with a distribution
plan to be developed by an independent distribution consultant.
DeAM does not believe that any of the DWS funds will be named as
respondents or defendants in any proceedings. The DWS
funds’ investment advisers do not believe these amounts
will have a material adverse financial impact on them or
materially affect their ability to perform under their
investment management agreements with the DWS funds. The
above-described amounts are not material to Deutsche Bank, and
they have already been reserved. |
|
|
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Based on the settlement discussions thus far, DeAM believes that
it will be able to reach a settlement with the regulators on a
basis that is generally consistent with settlements reached by
other advisers, taking into account the particular facts and
circumstances of market timing at DeAM and at the legacy Scudder
and Kemper organizations prior to their acquisition by DeAM in
April 2002. Among the terms of the expected settled orders, DeAM
would be subject to certain undertakings regarding the conduct
of its business in the future, including maintaining existing
management fee reductions for certain funds (which would not
include the Fund) for a period of five years. DeAM expects that
these settlements would resolve regulatory allegations that it
violated certain provisions of federal and state |
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35
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securities laws (i) by entering into trading arrangements
that permitted certain investors to engage in market timing in
certain DWS funds and (ii) by failing more generally to
take adequate measures to prevent market timing in the DWS
funds, primarily during the 1999-2001 period. With respect to
the trading arrangements, DeAM expects that the settlement
documents will include allegations related to one legacy DeAM
arrangement, as well as three legacy Scudder and six legacy
Kemper arrangements. All of these trading arrangements
originated in businesses that existed prior to the current DeAM
organization, which came together in April 2002 as a result
of the various mergers of the legacy Scudder, Kemper and
Deutsche fund groups, and all of the arrangements were
terminated prior to the start of the regulatory investigations
that began in the summer of 2003. No current DeAM employee
approved the trading arrangements. |
There is no certainty that the final settlement documents will
contain the foregoing terms and conditions. The independent
Trustees/ Directors of the DWS funds have carefully monitored
these regulatory investigations with the assistance of
independent legal counsel and independent economic consultants.
Additional information announced by DeAM regarding the terms of
the expected settlements will be made available at
www.dws-scudder.com/regulatory settlements, which
will also disclose the terms of any final settlement agreements
once they are announced.
Other Regulatory Matters
Regulatory Settlements. On September 28, 2006, the
Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and the
National Association of Securities Dealers (“NASD”)
announced final agreements in which Deutsche Investment
Management Americas Inc. (“DeIM”), Deutsche Asset
Management, Inc. (“DeAM, Inc.”) and Scudder
Distributors, Inc. (“SDI”) (now known as DWS Scudder
Distributors, Inc.) settled administrative proceedings regarding
disclosure of brokerage allocation practices in connection with
sales of the Scudder Funds’ (now known as the DWS Scudder
Funds) shares during 2001-2003. The agreements with the SEC and
NASD are reflected in orders which state, among other things,
that DeIM and DeAM, Inc. failed to disclose potential conflicts
of interest to the fund Boards and to shareholders relating to
SDI’s use of certain funds’ brokerage commissions to
reduce revenue sharing costs to broker-dealer firms with whom it
had arrangements to market and distribute Scudder Fund shares.
These directed brokerage practices were discontinued in October
2003.
Under the terms of the settlements, in which DeIM, DeAM, Inc.
and SDI neither admitted nor denied any of the regulators’
findings, DeIM, DeAM, Inc. and SDI agreed to pay disgorgement,
prejudgment interest and civil penalties in the total amount of
$19.3 million. The portion of the settlements to be
distributed to the DWS funds (which does not include the Fund)
is approximately $17.8 million and is payable to the DWS
funds as prescribed by the settlement orders based upon the
amount of brokerage commissions from each fund used to satisfy
revenue sharing agreements with broker-dealers who sold fund
shares.
As part of the settlements, DeIM, DeAM, Inc. and SDI also agreed
to implement certain measures and undertakings relating to
revenue sharing payments including making additional disclosures
in the fund prospectuses or statements of additional
information, adopting or modifying relevant policies and
procedures and providing regular reporting to the DWS fund
Boards.
SDI has also offered to settle with the NASD regarding
SDI’s provision of non-cash compensation to associated
persons of NASD member firms and related policies. In the offer,
SDI consents to the imposition of a censure by the NASD and a
fine of $425,000. The NASD has not yet accepted SDI’s offer.
Additional information announced by DeAM regarding the terms of
the expected settlements will be made available at
www.dws-scudder.com/regulatory settlements
(information included on the website does not form a part of
this prospectus) which will also disclose the terms of any final
settlement agreements once they are announced.
36
NET ASSET VALUE
Net asset value per share is determined daily as of the close of
regular session trading on the NYSE (usually 4:00 p.m.,
Eastern time) (“Value Time”). Net asset value is
calculated by dividing the value of all of the securities and
other assets of the Fund, less its liabilities (including
accrued expenses and indebtedness) and the aggregate liquidation
value of any outstanding preferred shares, by the total number
of common shares outstanding.
An equity security is valued at its most recent sale price on
the security’s primary exchange or OTC market as of
the Value Time. Lacking any sales, the security is valued at the
calculated mean between the most recent bid quotation and the
most recent asked quotation (the “Calculated Mean”) on
such exchange or OTC market as of the Value Time. If it is
not possible to determine the Calculated Mean, the security is
valued at the most recent bid quotation on such exchange or
OTC market as of the Value Time. In the case of certain
foreign exchanges or OTC markets, the closing price
reported by the exchange or OTC market (which may sometimes
be referred to as the “official close” or the
“official closing price” or other similar term) will
be considered the most recent sale price.
Debt securities are valued as follows. Money market instruments
purchased with an original or remaining maturity of 60 days
or less, maturing at par, are valued at amortized cost. Other
money market instruments are valued based on information
obtained from an independent pricing service or, if such
information is not readily available, by using matrix pricing
techniques (formula driven calculations based primarily on
current market yields). Privately placed debt securities, other
than Rule 144A debt securities, initially are valued at
cost and thereafter based on all relevant factors including type
of security, size of holding and restrictions on disposition.
Other debt securities not addressed above are valued at prices
supplied by an independent pricing service, if available, and
otherwise at the most recent bid quotation or evaluated price,
as applicable, obtained from one or more broker-dealers. If it
is not possible to value a particular debt security pursuant to
the above methods, the security is valued on the basis of
factors including (but not limited to) maturity, coupon,
creditworthiness, currency denomination, and the movement of the
market in which the security is normally traded.
An exchange-traded option contract on securities, currencies and
other financial instruments is valued at its most recent sale
price on the relevant exchange. Lacking any sales, the option
contract is valued at the Calculated Mean. If it is not possible
to determine the Calculated Mean, the option contract is valued
at the most recent bid quotation in the case of a purchased
option contract or the most recent asked quotation in the case
of a written option contract, in each case as of the Value Time.
An option contract on securities, currencies and other financial
instruments traded in the OTC market is valued on the Value
Date at the evaluated price provided by the broker-dealer with
which it was traded. Futures contracts (and options thereon) are
valued at the most recent settlement price, if available, on the
exchange on which they are traded most extensively. With the
exception of stock index futures contracts which trade on the
Chicago Mercantile Exchange, closing settlement times are prior
to the close of trading on the NYSE. For stock index futures
contracts which trade on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange,
closing settlement prices are normally available at
approximately 4:20 Eastern time. If no settlement price is
available, the last traded price on such exchange will be used.
If market quotations for a portfolio asset are not readily
available or the value of a portfolio asset as determined in
accordance with Board approved procedures does not represent the
fair market value of the portfolio asset, the value of the
portfolio asset is taken to be an amount which, in the opinion
of the Fund’s Pricing Committee (or, in some cases, the
Board’s Valuation Committee), represents fair market value.
The value of other portfolio holdings owned by the Fund is
determined in a manner which is intended to fairly reflect the
fair market value of the asset on the valuation date, based on
valuation procedures adopted by the Fund’s Board and
overseen primarily by the Fund’s Pricing Committee.
37
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
Commencing with the first dividend, the Fund intends to
distribute all or a portion of its net investment income monthly
to holders of common stock. The Fund expects to declare its
initial monthly dividend within 60 days and pay its initial
monthly dividend within 80 days after the completion of
this offering, depending on market conditions. Dividends and
distributions may be payable in cash or common stock, with the
option to receive additional shares of common stock in lieu of
cash. The Fund may at times, in its discretion, pay out less
than the entire amount of net investment income earned in any
particular period and may at times pay out such accumulated
undistributed income in addition to net investment income earned
in other periods in order to permit the Fund to maintain a more
stable level of distributions. As a result, the dividend paid by
the Fund to holders of common stock for any particular period
may be more or less than the amount of net investment income
earned by the Fund during such period. The Fund is not required
to maintain a stable level of distributions to shareholders. The
amount of monthly distributions may vary depending on a number
of factors, including the costs of any leverage. As portfolio
and market conditions change, the amount of dividends on the
Fund’s Common Shares could change. For federal income tax
purposes, the Fund is required to distribute substantially all
of its net investment income each year to both reduce its
federal income tax liability and to avoid a potential excise
tax. The Fund intends to distribute all realized net capital
gains, if any, at least annually.
Under the 1940 Act, the Fund is not permitted to incur
indebtedness unless immediately after such incurrence the Fund
has an asset coverage of at least 300% of the aggregate
outstanding principal balance of indebtedness. Additionally,
under the 1940 Act, the Fund may not declare any dividend or
other distribution upon any class of its capital shares, or
purchase any such capital shares, unless the aggregate
indebtedness of the Fund has, at the time of the declaration of
any such dividend or distribution or at the time of any such
purchase, an asset coverage of at least 300% after deducting the
amount of such dividend, distribution, or purchase price, as the
case may be.
While any preferred stock is outstanding, the Fund may not
declare any cash dividend or other distribution on its common
stock, unless at the time of such declaration, (i) all
accumulated preferred dividends have been paid and (ii) the
net asset value of the Fund’s portfolio (determined after
deducting the amount of such dividend or other distribution) is
at least 200% of the liquidation value of the outstanding
preferred shares (expected to be equal to the original purchase
price per share plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends
thereon).
In addition to the limitations imposed by the 1940 Act described
above, certain lenders may impose additional restrictions on the
payment of dividends or distributions on the common stock in the
event of a default on the Fund’s borrowings. If the
Fund’s ability to make distributions on its common stock is
limited, such limitations could, under certain circumstances,
impair the ability of the Fund to maintain its qualification for
taxation as a regulated investment company, which would have
adverse tax consequences for shareholders. See “Use of
Leverage” and “U.S. Federal Income Tax
Matters.”
38
DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT AND CASH PURCHASE PLAN
Pursuant to the Fund’s Dividend Reinvestment and Cash
Purchase Plan (the “Plan”), a Common Shareholder may
elect to have all dividends and distributions (including all
capital gain dividends) automatically reinvested in shares of
common stock of the Fund (each a “Participant”).
Common Shareholders should contact DWS Scudder Investments
Service Company at
(800) 294-4366 to
elect to participate in the Plan. If Common Shareholders of the
Fund do not elect to participate, such Common Shareholder will
receive all distributions in cash paid by check mailed directly
to them by DWS Scudder Investments Service Company, as dividend
paying agent.
UMB Bank, N.A. (the “Plan Agent”), including any
successor Plan Agent, has been appointed by the Board of
Directors of the Fund to act as agent for each Participant under
the Plan. The Fund’s transfer agent and dividend-disbursing
agent (the “Transfer Agent”) will open an account for
each Participant under the Plan in the same name in which such
Participant’s present shares are registered, and put into
effect for such Participant the dividend reinvestment option of
the Plan as of the first record date for a dividend or capital
gains distribution, and the cash purchase option of the Plan as
of the next appropriate date as provided below.
Whenever the Fund declares an income dividend or a capital gains
distribution payable in common shares or cash at the option of
the shareholders, each Participant is deemed to have elected to
take such dividend or distribution entirely in additional shares
of common stock of the Fund, and the Fund’s Transfer Agent
shall record such shares, including fractions, for the
Participant’s account. If the market price per share of the
Fund’s common stock on the valuation date equals or exceeds
the net asset value per share on the valuation date, the number
of additional shares to be issued by the Fund and credited to
the Participant’s account shall be determined by dividing
the dollar amount of the dividend or capital gains distribution
payable on the Participant’s shares by the greater of the
following amounts per share of the Fund’s common stock on
the valuation date: (a) the net asset value, or
(b) 95% of the market price. If the market price per share
of the Common Shares on the valuation date is less than the net
asset value per share on the valuation date, the Plan Agent
shall apply the dollar amount of the dividend or capital gains
distribution on such Participant’s shares (less such
Participant’s pro rata share of brokerage commissions
incurred with respect to the Plan Agent’s open-market
purchases in connection with the reinvestment of such dividend
and distribution) to the purchase on the open market of shares
of the common stock for the Participant’s account. Such
purchases will be made on or shortly after the payment date for
such dividend or distribution, and in no event more than
45 days after such date except where temporary curtailment
or suspension of purchase is necessary to comply with applicable
provisions of federal securities law. The valuation date will be
the payment date for the dividend or capital gains distribution
or, if such date is not a NYSE trading date, then the next
preceding NYSE trading date.
Should the Fund declare an income dividend or capital gains
distribution payable only in cash, the Plan Agent shall apply
the amount of such dividend or distribution on each
Participant’s shares (less such Participant’s pro rata
share of brokerage commissions incurred with respect to the Plan
Agent’s open-market purchases in connection with the
reinvestment of such dividend or distribution) to the purchase
on the open market of shares of common stock for the
Participant’s account. Such purchases will be made on or
shortly after the payment date for such dividend or
distribution, and in no event more than 45 days after such
date except where temporary curtailment or suspension of
purchase is necessary to comply with applicable provisions of
federal securities law.
For all purposes of the Plan: (a) the market price of the
common stock on a particular date shall be the mean between the
highest and lowest sales prices on the NYSE on that date, or, if
there is no sale on such Exchange on that date, then the mean
between the closing bid and asked quotations for such stock on
such Exchange on such date provided, however, that if the
valuation date precedes the “ex-dividend” date on such
Exchange for a particular dividend and/or distribution, then the
market price on such valuation date shall be as determined
above, less the per share amount of the dividend and/or
distribution; (b) net asset value per share of the common
shares on a particular date shall be as determined by or on
behalf of the Fund; and (c) all dividends, distributions
and other payments (whether made in cash or in shares) shall be
made net of any applicable withholding tax.
39
Each Participant, semi-annually, has the option of sending
additional funds, in any amount from $100 to $3,000 for the
purchase on the open market of shares of common stock for such
Participant’s account. Voluntary payments will be invested
by the Plan Agent on or shortly after the 15th of February
and August, and in no event more than 45 days after such
dates except where temporary curtailment or suspension of
purchases is necessary to comply with applicable provisions of
federal securities law. Optional cash payments received from a
Participant on or prior to the fifth day preceding the
15th of February or August will be applied by the Plan
Agent to the purchase of additional shares of common stock as of
that investment date. Funds received after the fifth day
preceding the 15th of February or August and prior to the
30th day preceding the next investment date will be
returned to the Participant. No interest will be paid on
optional cash payments held until investment. Consequently,
Participants are strongly urged to make their optional cash
payments shortly before the 15th of February or August.
However, Participants should allow sufficient time to ensure
that their payments are received by the Fund’s Transfer
Agent on or prior to the fifth day preceding the 15th of
February or August. Optional cash payments should be in
U.S. funds and be sent by first-class mail, postage
prepaid, only to the following address: DWS Dreman Value Income
Edge Fund, Inc., Dividend Reinvestment and Cash Purchase Plan,
811 Main Street, Kansas City,
MO 64105-2005
(800-294-4366).
Deliveries to any other address do not constitute valid
delivery. Participants may withdraw their entire voluntary cash
payment by written notice received by the Plan Agent not less
than 48 hours before such payment is to be invested.
Investments of voluntary cash payments and other open-market
purchases provided for above may be made on any securities
exchange where the Common Shares are traded, in the OTC market
or in negotiated transactions and may be on such terms as to
price, delivery and otherwise as the Plan Agent shall determine.
Participants’ funds held by the Plan Agent or the
Fund’s Transfer Agent uninvested will not bear interest,
and it is understood that, in any event, the Plan Agent shall
have no liability in connection with any inability to purchase
shares within 45 days after the initial date of such
purchase as herein provided, or with the timing of any purchases
effected. The Plan Agent shall have no responsibility as to the
value of the common stock acquired for a Participant’s
account. For the purposes of cash investments, the Plan Agent or
the Fund’s Transfer Agent may commingle Participants’
funds, and the average price (including brokerage commissions)
of all shares purchased by the Plan Agent as agent shall be the
price per share allocable to each Participant in connection
therewith.
The Fund’s Transfer Agent will record shares acquired
pursuant to the Plan in noncertificated form on the books of the
Fund in the Participant’s name. The Fund’s Transfer
Agent will forward to each Participant any proxy solicitation
material. Upon a Participant’s written request, the
Fund’s Transfer Agent will deliver to such Participant,
without charge, a certificate or certificates for the full
shares. The Fund’s Transfer Agent will confirm to each
Participant each acquisition made for such Participant’s
account as soon as practicable but no later than 60 days
after the date thereof. The Fund’s Transfer Agent will send
to each Participant a statement of account confirming the
transaction and itemizing any previous reinvestment activity for
the calendar year. A statement reflecting the amount of cash
received by the Fund’s Transfer Agent will be issued on
receipt of each cash deposit. The statements are the record of
the costs of shares and should be retained for tax purposes.
Certificates representing shares will not be issued to a
Participant under the Plan unless such Participant so requests
in writing or unless his account is terminated. Although
Participants may from time to time have an undivided fractional
interest (computed to four decimal places) in a share of the
Fund, no certificates for a fractional share will be issued.
However, dividends and distributions on fractional shares will
be credited to a Participant’s account. In the event of
termination of a Participant’s account under the Plan, the
Fund’s Transfer Agent will adjust for any such undivided
fractional interest in cash at the market value of the
Fund’s shares at the time of termination less the pro rata
expense of any sale required to make such an adjustment.
Any stock dividends or split shares distributed by the Fund on
shares held for a Participant under the Plan will be credited to
such Participant’s account. In the event that the Fund
makes available to its shareholders rights to purchase
additional shares or other securities, the shares held for a
Participant under the Plan will be added to other shares held by
such Participant in calculating the number of rights to be
issued to such Participant.
40
The Plan Agent’s and/or Fund’s Transfer Agent’s
service fee for handling capital gains distributions or income
dividends will be paid by the Fund. Participants will be charged
a $1.00 service fee for each voluntary cash investment and a pro
rata share of brokerage commissions on all open market purchases.
Participants may terminate their accounts under the Plan by
notifying the Fund’s Transfer Agent in writing. Such
termination will be effective immediately if such
Participant’s notice is received by the Fund’s
Transfer Agent not less than ten days prior to any dividend or
distribution record date; otherwise such termination will be
effective as soon as practicable upon completion of the
reinvestment of capital gains distributions or income dividends.
The Plan may be terminated by the Fund upon notice in writing
mailed to Participants at least 30 days prior to any record
date for the payment of any dividend or distribution by the
Fund. Upon any termination the Fund’s Transfer Agent will
cause a certificate or certificates for the full number of
shares held for each Participant under the Plan and cash
adjustment for any fraction of a share to be delivered to such
Participant without charge.
If a Participant elects by notice to the Plan Agent in writing
in advance of such termination to have the Plan Agent sell part
or all of such Participant’s shares and remit the proceeds
to such Participant, the Plan Agent is authorized to deduct a
fee of 5% of the gross proceeds, to a maximum of $3.50, plus
brokerage commissions for this transaction and any transfer
taxes. In such case, certificates for withdrawn shares will not
be issued to such Participant, and the Plan Agent will, within
ten (10) business days after receipt of such written
notice, cause such shares to be sold at market prices for such
Participant’s account. It should be noted, however, that
the Fund’s share price may fluctuate during the period
between a request for sale, its receipt by the Plan Agent, and
the ultimate sale in the open market within 10 business
days. This risk should be evaluated by such Participant when
considering whether to request that the Plan Agent sell his or
her shares. The risk of a price decline is borne solely by such
Participant. A check for the proceeds will not be mailed prior
to receipt by the Fund’s Transfer Agent of proceeds of the
sale; settlement currently occurs three (3) business days
after the sale of shares. Information regarding the sale of
shares will be provided to the Internal Revenue Service (the
“IRS”).
The reinvestment of dividends and capital gains distributions
does not relieve the Participant of any tax that may be payable
on such dividends and distributions. The Fund’s Transfer
Agent will report to each Participant the taxable amount of
dividends and distributions credited to his or her account.
U.S. shareholders who elect to have their dividends and
distributions reinvested will have their dividends and
distributions reinvested net of the
back-up withholding tax
imposed under Section 3406 of the Code, if such shareholder
is subject to the back-up withholding tax, including, without
limitation, by reason of (i) such shareholder failing to
furnish to the Fund his or her taxpayer identification number
(the “TIN”), which for an individual is his or her
social security number; (ii) the IRS notifying the Fund
that the TIN furnished by the shareholder is incorrect;
(iii) the IRS notifying the Fund that the shareholder is
subject to back-up
withholding; or (iv) the shareholder failing to certify,
under penalties of perjury, that he or she is not subject to
back-up withholding.
Shareholders should timely submit all information and
certifications required in order to exempt them from backup
withholding if such exemption is available to them. It is a
shareholder’s responsibility to supply such information and
certifications to the Fund or their brokers, as necessary.
The terms and conditions of the Plan may be amended or
supplemented by the Fund at any time or times but, except when
necessary or appropriate to comply with applicable law or the
rules or policies of the Securities and Exchange Commission, any
securities exchange on which shares of the Fund are listed, or
any other regulatory authority, only by mailing to Participants
appropriate written notice at least 30 days prior to the
effective date thereof. The amendment or supplement shall be
deemed to be accepted by a Participant unless, prior to the
effective date thereof, the Fund’s Transfer Agent receives
written notice of the termination of such Participant’s
account under the Plan. Any such amendment may include an
appointment by the Fund of a successor Plan Agent or Transfer
Agent under the Plan’s terms and conditions, with full
power and authority to perform all or any of the acts to be
performed by the Plan Agent or the Fund’s Transfer Agent
under the Plan’s terms and conditions. Notwithstanding the
above, if for any reason operation of the Plan in accordance
with its terms should become impracticable or unreasonable under
the circumstances then prevailing, or in the judgment of the
Fund’s Board of Directors such operation would not be in
the interests of the Fund’s shareholders generally, then
the Fund’s Board of Directors shall have the authority to
amend,
41
effective immediately, the terms of the Plan to the extent that
such amendment does not adversely affect the interests of
Participants in any material respect. Appropriate written notice
of such amendment shall be given within 30 days of its
effective date.
Each of the Plan Agent and Fund’s Transfer Agent shall at
all times act in good faith and agree to use its best efforts
within reasonable limits to insure the accuracy of all services
performed under the Plan and to comply with applicable law, but
assumes no responsibility and shall not be liable for loss or
damage due to errors unless such error is caused by its
negligence, bad faith, or willful misconduct or that of its
employees. The terms and conditions of the Plan are governed by
the laws of the State of New York.
All correspondence and inquiries concerning the plan should be
directed to DWS Scudder Investments Service Company at
P.O. Box 219066, Kansas City, Missouri 64105 or
(800) 294-4366.
42
DESCRIPTION OF THE SHARES
The following summary of the terms of the stock of the Fund does
not purport to be complete and is subject to and qualified in
its entirety by reference to the Maryland General Corporation
Law, and to the Fund’s Charter and the Fund’s
By-Laws, copies of
which are exhibits to the Registration Statement.
The Fund’s authorized capital stock consists of
100,000,000 shares of capital stock, $0.01 par value,
all of which is initially classified as common stock. As of the
date of this prospectus, DeIM owned of record and
beneficially of
the Fund’s Common Shares, constituting 100% of the
outstanding shares of the Fund, and thus, until the public
offering of the shares is completed, will control the Fund.
In general, shareholders or subscribers for the Fund’s
stock have no personal liability for the debts and obligations
of the Fund because of their status as shareholders or
subscribers, except to the extent that the subscription price or
other agreed consideration for the stock has not been paid.
Under the Fund’s Charter, the Board of Directors is
authorized to classify and reclassify any unissued shares of
stock into other classes or series of stock and authorize the
issuance of shares of stock without obtaining shareholder
approval. Also, the Fund’s Board of Directors, with the
approval of a majority of the entire board, but without any
action by the shareholders of the Fund, may amend the
Fund’s Charter from time to time to increase or decrease
the aggregate number of shares of stock of the Fund or the
number of shares of stock of any class or series that the Fund
has authority to issue.
Common Stock
The outstanding common stock currently is, and the Common Shares
to be issued in the offering will be, upon payment as described
in this prospectus, fully paid and non-assessable. The common
stock has no preemptive, conversion, exchange, appraisal or
redemption rights, and each share has equal voting, dividend,
distribution and liquidation rights.
Holders of common stock are entitled to receive dividends if and
when the Board of Directors declares dividends from funds
legally available. Whenever Fund preferred stock or borrowings
are outstanding, holders of common stock will not be entitled to
receive any distributions from the Fund unless all accrued
dividends on the Fund preferred stock and interest and principal
payments on borrowings have been paid, and unless the applicable
asset coverage requirements under the 1940 Act would be
satisfied after giving effect to the distribution.
In the event of the Fund’s liquidation, dissolution or
winding up, each share of common stock would be entitled to
share ratably in all of the Fund’s assets that are legally
available for distribution after the Fund pays all debts and
other liabilities and subject to any preferential rights of
holders of Fund preferred stock, if any preferred stock is
outstanding at such time.
Common Shareholders are entitled to one vote per share. All
voting rights for the election of Directors are noncumulative,
which means that, assuming there is no Fund preferred stock
outstanding, the holders of more than 50% of the common stock
will elect 100% of the Directors then nominated for election if
they choose to do so and, in such event, the holders of the
remaining common stock will not be able to elect any Directors.
The Fund’s Charter authorizes the Board of Directors to
classify and reclassify any unissued shares of common stock into
other classes or series of stock. Prior to issuance of shares of
each class or series, the Board is required by Maryland law and
by the Charter to set the terms, preferences, conversion and
other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to
dividends or other distributions, qualifications and terms or
conditions of redemption for each class or series. Thus, the
Board could authorize the issuance of shares of common stock
with terms and conditions which could have the effect of
delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or a change in
control that might involve a premium price for holders of the
Fund’s Common Shares or otherwise be in their best
interest. As of the date of this prospectus, the Fund has no
plans to classify or reclassify any unissued shares of common
stock.
43
The Fund’s common stock has been accepted for listing on
the NYSE, upon notice of issuance, under the symbol
“DHG.” Under the rules of the NYSE applicable to
listed companies, the Fund will be required to hold an annual
meeting of shareholders in each year.
Preferred Stock
The Fund’s Charter authorizes the Board of Directors to
classify and reclassify any unissued shares of stock into other
classes or series of stock, including preferred stock, without
the approval of the holders of the common stock. Prior to
issuance of any shares of preferred stock, the Board is required
by Maryland law and by the Charter to set the terms,
preferences, conversion and other rights, voting powers,
restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other
distributions, qualifications and terms or conditions of
redemption for such shares. Thus, the Board could authorize the
issuance of shares of preferred stock with terms and conditions
which could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing
a transaction or a change in control that might involve a
premium price for holders of the Fund’s Common Shares or
otherwise be in their best interest. No shares of preferred
stock are presently outstanding, and the Fund has no present
plans to issue any preferred stock.
Any issuance of shares of preferred stock must comply with the
requirements of the 1940 Act. Specifically, the Fund is not
permitted under the 1940 Act to issue preferred stock unless
immediately after such issuance the total asset value of the
Fund’s portfolio is at least 200% of the liquidation value
of the outstanding preferred stock. Among other requirements,
including other voting rights, the 1940 Act requires that the
holders of any preferred stock, voting separately as a single
class, have the right to elect at least two Directors at all
times. The remaining Directors will be elected by holders of the
Fund’s common stock and preferred stock, voting together as
a single class. In addition, subject to the prior rights, if
any, of the holders of any other class of senior securities
outstanding, the holders of any preferred stock would have the
right to elect a majority of the Fund’s Directors at any
time two years’ dividends on any preferred stock are
unpaid.
44
CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF THE FUND’S CHARTER AND BY-LAWS
The following summary of certain provisions of the Maryland
General Corporation Law and of the Charter and
By-Laws of the Fund
does not purport to be complete and is subject to and qualified
in its entirety by reference to the Maryland General Corporation
Law, and to the Fund’s Charter and the Fund’s
By-Laws, copies of
which are exhibits to the Registration Statement.
General
The Maryland General Corporation Law and the Fund’s Charter
and By-Laws contain
provisions that could have the effect of limiting the ability of
other entities or persons to acquire control of the Fund, to
cause it to engage in certain transactions or to modify its
structure.
These provisions could have the effect of depriving shareholders
of an opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over
prevailing market prices by discouraging a third party from
seeking to obtain control of the Fund in a tender offer or
similar transaction. On the other hand, these provisions may
require persons seeking control of the Fund to negotiate with
the Fund’s management regarding the price to be paid for
the shares required to obtain such control, they promote
continuity and stability and they enhance the Fund’s
ability to pursue long-term strategies that are consistent with
its investment objective.
The Board of Directors has concluded that the potential benefits
of these provisions outweigh their possible disadvantages.
Classified Board of Directors
The Fund’s Board of Directors is divided into three classes
of directors serving staggered
three-year terms. The
initial terms of the first, second and third classes will expire
at the first, second and third annual meetings of stockholders,
respectively, and, in each case, until their successors are duly
elected and qualify. Upon expiration of their terms, directors
of each class will be elected to serve for three-year terms and
until their successors are duly elected and qualify and at each
annual meeting one class of directors will be elected by the
stockholders. A classified board of directors promotes
continuity and stability of management but makes it more
difficult for shareholders to change a majority of the directors
because it generally takes at least two annual elections of
directors for this to occur. The Fund believes that
classification of the Board of Directors will help to assure the
continuity and stability of the Fund’s strategies and
policies as determined by the Board of Directors.
Election of Directors
The Fund’s Charter provides that, except as otherwise
provided in the By-Laws, directors shall be elected by the
affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of
stock outstanding and entitled to vote thereon. The Fund’s
By-Laws provide that a plurality of all the votes cast at a
meeting of stockholders shall be sufficient to elect a director.
If the Board of Directors were to amend the By-Laws to alter the
vote required to elect directors to the affirmative vote of the
holders of a majority of the shares of stock outstanding, as
permitted by the Charter, it is possible that no nominee would
receive the required vote. In the case of a failure to elect one
or more directors because the nominees receive votes
constituting less than the required vote, the incumbent
directors would hold over and continue to serve until the next
election of directors and until their successors are duly
elected and qualify.
Number of Directors; Vacancies
The Fund’s Charter provides that the number of directors
will be set only by the Board of Directors in accordance with
the By-Laws. The By-Laws provide that a majority of the
Fund’s entire Board of Directors may at any time increase
or decrease the number of directors.
45
The Fund’s Charter provides that the Fund elects, at such
time as the Fund becomes eligible to make such an election
(i.e., when the Fund has at least three independent directors
and the common stock is registered under the Securities Act of
1934), to be subject to the provision of Subtitle 8 of
Title 3 of the Maryland General Corporation Law regarding
the filling of vacancies on the Board of Directors. Accordingly,
at such time, except as may be provided by the Board of
Directors in setting the terms of any class or series of
preferred stock, any and all vacancies on the Board of Directors
may be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the
remaining directors in office, even if the remaining directors
do not constitute a quorum, and any director elected to fill a
vacancy will serve for the remainder of the full term of the
directorship in which the vacancy occurred and until a successor
is elected and qualifies, subject to any applicable requirements
of the 1940 Act.
Removal of Directors
The Fund’s Charter provides that, subject to the rights of
the holders of one or more class or series of the Fund’s
preferred stock to elect or remove directors, a director may be
removed from office only for cause (as defined in the Charter)
and then only by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least
80% of the votes entitled to be cast generally in the election
of directors.
Absence of Cumulative Voting
There is no cumulative voting in the election of the Fund’s
directors. Cumulative voting means that holders of stock of a
corporation are entitled, in the election of directors, to cast
a number of votes equal to the number of shares that they own
multiplied by the number of directors to be elected. Because a
shareholder entitled to cumulative voting may cast all of his or
her votes for one nominee or disperse his or her votes among
nominees as he or she chooses, cumulative voting is generally
considered to increase the ability of minority shareholders to
elect nominees to a corporation’s board of directors. In
general, the absence of cumulative voting means that the holders
of a majority of the Fund’s shares can elect all of the
directors then standing for election and the holders of the
remaining shares will not be able to elect any directors.
Approval of Extraordinary Corporate Actions
The affirmative vote of at least 80% of the entire Board of
Directors is required to approve the conversion of the Fund from
a closed-end to an open-end investment company. Such conversion
also requires the affirmative vote of the holders of at least
80% of the votes of the Fund’s common stock and, if any,
preferred stock entitled to be cast thereon, each voting as a
separate class, unless it is approved by a vote of at least 80%
of the Continuing Directors (as defined below), in which event
such conversion requires the approval of the holders of a
majority of the votes entitled to be cast thereon by the
shareholders of the Fund.
Generally, a “Continuing Director” is any member of
the Board of Directors of the Fund who (A) (i) is not
a person who enters or proposes to enter into a Business
Combination (as defined below) with the Fund or which
individually or together with any other persons beneficially
owns or is deemed to own, directly or indirectly, more than 5%
of any class of the Fund’s securities (an “Interested
Party”) or an affiliate or associate of an Interested Party
and (ii) who has been a member of the Board of Directors of
the Fund for a period of at least 12 months, or has been a
member of the Board of Directors since the Fund’s initial
public offering of Common Shares, or (B) (i) is a
successor of a Continuing Director who is not an Interested
Party or an affiliate or associate of an Interested Party and is
recommended to succeed a Continuing Director by a majority of
the Continuing Directors then on the Board of Directors of the
Fund, or (ii) is elected to the Board of Directors to be a
Continuing Director by a majority of the Continuing Directors
then on the Board of Directors and who is not an Interested
Party or an affiliate or associate of an Interested Party.
Except as described below, the affirmative votes of at least 80%
of the entire Board of Directors and the holders of at least
(i) 80% of the votes of the Fund’s common stock and,
if any, preferred stock entitled to be cast thereon, each voting
as a separate class, and (ii) in the case of a Business
Combination (as defined below),
662/3%
of the votes entitled to be cast thereon by the shareholders of
the Fund other than votes entitled
46
to be cast by an Interested Party who is (or whose affiliate or
associate is) a party to a Business Combination or an affiliate
or associate of the Interested Party, are required to authorize
any of the following transactions:
|
|
|
(i) merger, consolidation or share exchange of the Fund
with or into any other person; |
|
|
(ii) issuance or transfer by the Fund (in one or a series
of transactions in any
12-month period) of any
securities of the Fund to any person for cash, securities or
other property (or combination thereof) having an aggregate fair
market value of $1,000,000 or more, excluding (a) issuances
or transfers of debt securities of the Fund, (b) sales of
securities of the Fund in connection with a public offering or
private placement thereof, (c) issuances of securities of
the Fund pursuant to a dividend reinvestment plan and/or cash
purchase plan adopted by the Fund, (d) issuances of
securities of the Fund upon the exercise of any stock
subscription rights distributed by the Fund and
(e) portfolio transactions effected by the Fund in the
ordinary course of business; |
|
|
(iii) sale, lease, exchange, mortgage, pledge, transfer or
other disposition by the Fund (in one or a series of
transactions in any
12-month period) to or
with any person for any assets of the Fund having an aggregate
fair market value of $1,000,000 or more except for portfolio
transactions (including pledges of portfolio securities in
connection with borrowings) effected by the Fund in the ordinary
course of its business (transactions within clauses (i),
(ii) and (iii) above being known individually as a
“Business Combination”); |
|
|
(iv) any voluntary liquidation or dissolution of the Fund
or an amendment to the Fund’s Charter to terminate the
Fund’s existence unless it is approved by a vote of at
least 80% of the Continuing Directors, in which event such
action will require the approval of the holders of a majority of
the votes entitled to be cast thereon by the shareholders of the
Fund; or |
|
|
(v) any shareholder proposal as to specific investment
decisions made or to be made with respect to the Fund’s
assets. |
However, the voting requirements described above will not be
required with respect to a Business Combination if the Business
Combination is approved by a vote of at least 80% of the
Continuing Directors, or certain pricing and other conditions
specified in the Charter are met. In such cases, (a) with
respect to a Business Combination described in (i) or
(iii) above (or, with respect to (ii) above, if the
issuance or transfer is one with respect to which a shareholder
vote is required under Maryland law), the affirmative vote of
the holders of a majority of the votes entitled to be cast will
be sufficient to authorize the transaction, and (b) with
respect to any other Business Combination, no shareholder vote
is required.
Amendment to Charter and By-Laws
The affirmative vote of at least 80% of the votes of the
Fund’s common stock and preferred stock entitled to be cast
thereon, each voting as a separate class, will be required to
amend certain provisions of the Fund’s Charter, including
the provisions described in the paragraphs above titled
“Classified Board of Directors,” “Election of
Directors,” “Number of Directors; Vacancies,”
“Removal of Directors” and “Approval of
Extraordinary Corporate Actions,” unless such amendment
previously has been approved by the affirmative vote of 80% of
the Continuing Directors, in which case such amendment shall be
approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a
majority of the Fund’s common stock and, if any, preferred
stock, each acting as a separate class.
The Fund’s Charter and By-Laws provide that the Board of
Directors will have the exclusive power to adopt, alter or
repeal any provision of the Fund’s By-Laws and to make new
By-Laws.
47
Action by Shareholders
Under the Maryland General Corporation Law, shareholder action
can be taken only at an annual or special meeting of
shareholders or, unless the charter provides for shareholder
action by less than unanimous written consent (which is not the
case for the Fund’s Charter), by unanimous written consent
in lieu of a meeting. These provisions, combined with the
requirements of the Fund’s By-Laws regarding the calling of
a shareholder-requested special meeting, as discussed below, may
have the effect of delaying consideration of a shareholder
proposal until the next annual meeting.
Procedures for Shareholder Nominations and Proposals
The Fund’s By-Laws provide that any shareholder desiring to
make a nomination for the election of directors or a proposal
for new business at a meeting of shareholders must comply with
the advance notice provisions of the By-Laws. Nominations and
proposals that fail to follow the prescribed procedures will not
be considered. The Board believes that it is in the Fund’s
best interests to provide sufficient time to enable management
to disclose to shareholders information about a dissident slate
of nominations for directors or proposals for new business. This
advance notice requirement also may give management time to
solicit its own proxies in an attempt to defeat any dissident
slate of nominations should management determine that doing so
is in the best interest of shareholders generally. Similarly,
adequate advance notice of shareholder proposals will give
management time to study such proposals and to determine whether
to recommend to the shareholders that such proposals be adopted.
For shareholder proposals to be included in the Fund’s
proxy materials, the shareholder must comply with all timing and
information requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Calling of Special Meetings of Shareholders
The Fund’s By-Laws provide that special meetings of
shareholders may be called by the Board of Directors and certain
of its officers. Additionally, the Fund’s By-Laws provide
that, subject to the satisfaction of certain procedural and
informational requirements by the shareholders requesting the
meeting, a special meeting of shareholders will be called by the
Fund’s Secretary upon the written request of shareholders
entitled to cast not less than a majority of all the votes
entitled to be cast at such meeting.
No Appraisal Rights
As permitted by the Maryland General Corporation Law, the
Fund’s Charter provides that shareholders will not be
entitled to exercise appraisal rights.
Limitations on Liabilities
The Fund’s Charter provides that the personal liability of
the Fund’s directors and officers for monetary damages is
eliminated to the fullest extent permitted by Maryland law and
the 1940 Act. Maryland law currently provides that directors and
officers of corporations that have adopted such a provision will
generally not be so liable, except to the extent that
(i) it is proved that the person actually received an
improper benefit or profit in money, property, or services for
the amount of the benefit or profit in money, property, or
services actually received; and (ii) a judgment or other
final adjudication adverse to the person is entered in a
proceeding based on a finding in the proceeding that the
person’s action, or failure to act, was the result of
active and deliberate dishonesty and was material to the cause
of action adjudicated in the proceeding.
In addition, the Charter provides that this limitation of
liability will not protect any director or officer against any
liability to the Fund or its security holders to which he or she
would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad
faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties
involved in the conduct of his or her office.
The Fund’s Charter authorizes the Fund, to the maximum
extent permitted by Maryland law and subject to the requirements
of the 1940 Act, to obligate the Fund to indemnify and advance
expenses to the Fund’s directors and officers. The
Fund’s By-Laws provide that the Fund will indemnify its
officers and directors
48
against liabilities and will advance expenses to such persons
prior to a final disposition of an action to the fullest extent
permitted by Maryland law and the 1940 Act. The rights of
indemnification provided in the Charter and By-Laws are not
exclusive of any other rights which may be available under any
insurance or other agreement, by resolution of shareholders or
directors or otherwise.
Each of the directors who is not an “interested
person” (as defined under the 1940 Act) of the Fund has
entered into an indemnification agreement with the Fund, which
agreement provides that the Fund shall indemnify the
non-interested director against certain liabilities which such
director may incur while acting in the capacity as a director,
officer or employee of the Fund to the fullest extent permitted
by law, now or in the future, and requires indemnification and
advancement of expenses unless prohibited by law. The
indemnification agreement cannot be altered without the consent
of the non-interested director and is not affected by amendment
of the Charter.
49
CLOSED-END FUND STRUCTURE
Closed-end funds differ from open-end investment companies
(commonly referred to as mutual funds) in that closed-end funds
generally list their shares for trading on a securities exchange
and do not redeem their shares at the option of the shareholder.
By comparison, mutual funds issue securities redeemable at net
asset value at the option of the shareholder and typically
engage in a continuous offering of their shares. Mutual funds
are subject to continuous asset in-flows and out-flows that can
complicate portfolio management, whereas closed-end funds
generally can stay more fully invested in securities consistent
with the closed-end fund’s investment objective and
policies. In addition, in comparison to open-end funds,
closed-end funds have greater flexibility in their ability to
make certain types of investments, including investments in
illiquid securities.
However, shares of closed-end investment companies listed for
trading on a securities exchange frequently trade at a discount
from net asset value, although in some cases they may trade at a
premium. The market price may be affected by trading volume of
the shares, general market and economic conditions and other
factors beyond the control of the closed-end fund. The foregoing
factors may result in the market price of the Common Shares
being greater than, less than or equal to net asset value. The
Board of Directors has reviewed the structure of the Fund in
light of its investment objectives and policies and has
determined that the closed-end structure is in the best
interests of the shareholders. As described below, however, the
Board of Directors will review periodically the trading range
and activity of the Fund’s shares with respect to its net
asset value and the Board may take certain actions to seek to
reduce or eliminate any such discount. Such actions may include
open market repurchases or tender offers for the Common Shares
at net asset value or the possible conversion of the Fund to an
open-end investment company. There can be no assurance that the
Board will decide to undertake any of these actions or that, if
undertaken, such actions would result in the Common Shares
trading at a price equal to or close to net asset value per
Common Share.
50
REPURCHASE OF COMMON SHARES; CONVERSION TO OPEN-END FUND
Repurchase of Common Shares and Tender Offers
In recognition of the possibility that the Common Shares might
trade at a discount to net asset value and that any such
discount may not be in the interest of shareholders, the Board
of Directors, in consultation with the Investment Adviser and
the Subadviser, from time to time will review possible actions
to reduce any such discount. After any consideration of
potential actions to seek to reduce any significant market
discount, the Board may, subject to its fiduciary obligations
and compliance with applicable state and federal laws, authorize
the commencement of a share-repurchase program or tender offer.
The size and timing of any such share repurchase program or
tender offer will be determined by the Board of Directors in
light of the market discount of the Common Shares, trading
volume of the Common Shares, information presented to the Board
of Directors regarding the potential impact of any such share
repurchase program or tender offer, and general market and
economic conditions. The Fund may, subject to its investment
limitations with respect to borrowings, incur debt to finance
any such share repurchase program or tender offer. Interest on
any such borrowings would increase the Fund’s expenses and
reduce its net income.
There can be no assurance that repurchases of Common Shares or
tender offers, if any, will cause the Common Shares to trade at
a price equal to or in excess of their net asset value.
Nevertheless, the possibility that a portion of the Fund’s
outstanding Common Shares may be the subject of repurchases or
tender offers may reduce the spread between market price and net
asset value that might otherwise exist. Sellers may be less
inclined to accept a significant discount in the sale of their
Common Shares if they have a reasonable expectation of being
able to receive a price of net asset value for a portion of
their Common Shares in conjunction with an announced repurchase
program or tender offer for the Common Shares.
Although the Board of Directors believes that repurchases or
tender offers generally would have a favorable effect on the
market price of the Common Shares, the acquisition of Common
Shares by the Fund will decrease the total assets of the Fund
and therefore will have the effect of, among other things,
increasing the Fund’s expense ratio. Because of the nature
of the Fund’s investment objective, policies and portfolio,
the Investment Adviser does not anticipate that repurchases of
Common Shares or tender offers should interfere with the ability
of the Fund to manage its investments in order to seek its
investment objective, and does not anticipate any material
difficulty in borrowing money or disposing of portfolio
securities to consummate repurchases of or tender offers for
Common Shares, although no assurance can be given that this will
be the case.
Conversion to Open-End Fund
The Fund may be converted to an open-end investment company at
any time if approved by the Board of Directors and the
shareholders. See “Certain Provisions of the Fund’s
Charter and By-Laws” for a discussion of the voting
requirements applicable to conversion of the Fund to an open-end
investment company and any related Charter amendments. If the
Fund converted to an open-end investment company, it would be
required to redeem all preferred stock of the Fund then
outstanding (requiring in turn that it liquidate a portion of
its investment portfolio) and the Common Shares would no longer
be listed on the NYSE. Conversion to open-end status could also
require the Fund to modify certain investment restrictions and
policies. Shareholders of an open-end investment company may
require the company to redeem their shares at any time (except
in certain circumstances as authorized by or permitted under the
1940 Act) at their net asset value, less such redemption charge,
if any, as might be in effect at the time of redemption. In
order to avoid maintaining large cash positions or liquidating
favorable investments to meet redemptions, open-end investment
companies typically engage in a continuous offering of their
shares. Open-end investment companies are thus subject to
periodic asset in-flows and out-flows that can complicate
portfolio management. The Board of Directors may at any time
propose conversion of the Fund to open-end status, depending
upon its judgment regarding the advisability of such action in
light of circumstances then prevailing.
51
U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX MATTERS
The following is a description of certain U.S. federal
income tax consequences to a shareholder that acquires, holds
and/or disposes of Common Shares of the Fund. This discussion
reflects applicable income tax laws of the United States as of
the date of this prospectus, which tax laws may be changed or
subject to new interpretations by the courts or the Internal
Revenue Service (“IRS”), possibly with retroactive
effect. No attempt is made to present a detailed explanation of
U.S. federal income tax concerns affecting the Fund and its
shareholders, and the discussion set forth herein does not
constitute tax advice. In addition, no attempt is made to
present state, local or foreign tax concerns or tax concerns
applicable to an investor with a special tax status such as a
financial institution, REIT, insurance company, regulated
investment company, individual retirement account, other
tax-exempt entity, dealer in securities or
non-U.S. investor.
Furthermore, this discussion does not reflect possible
application of the alternative minimum tax. Unless otherwise
noted, this discussion assumes the Common Shares are held by
U.S. persons and that such shares are held as capital
assets. Investors are urged to consult their own tax advisors
to determine the tax consequences to them before investing in
the Fund.
The Fund intends to elect to be treated, and to qualify each
year, as a “regulated investment company” under
Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended
(the “Code”), so that it will not pay
U.S. federal income tax on income and capital gains timely
distributed (or treated as being distributed, as described
below) to shareholders. If the Fund qualifies as a regulated
investment company and distributes to its shareholders at least
90% of the sum of (i) its “investment company taxable
income” as that term is defined in the Code (which
includes, among other things, dividends, taxable interest, the
excess of any net short-term capital gains over net long-term
capital losses and certain net foreign exchange gains as reduced
by certain deductible expenses) without regard to the deduction
for dividends paid, and (ii) the excess of its gross
tax-exempt interest, if any, over certain disallowed deductions,
the Fund will be relieved of U.S. federal income tax on any
income of the Fund, including long-term capital gains,
distributed to shareholders. However, if the Fund retains any
investment company taxable income or “net capital
gain” (i.e., the excess of net long-term capital gain over
net short-term capital loss), it will be subject to
U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate federal income
tax rates (currently at a maximum rate of 35%) on the amount
retained. The Fund intends to distribute at least annually all
or substantially all of its investment company taxable income,
net tax-exempt interest, and net capital gain. Under the Code,
the Fund will generally be subject to a nondeductible 4% federal
excise tax on the portion of its undistributed ordinary income
and capital gains if it fails to meet certain distribution
requirements with respect to each calendar year. In order to
avoid the 4% federal excise tax, the required minimum
distribution is generally equal to the sum of 98% of the
Fund’s ordinary income (computed on a calendar year basis),
plus 98% of the Fund’s capital gain net income (generally
computed for the one-year period ending on October 31). The
Fund intends to make distributions in a timely manner in an
amount at least equal to the required minimum distribution and
accordingly does not expect to be subject to this excise tax.
If, for any taxable year, the Fund did not qualify as a
regulated investment company for U.S. federal income tax
purposes, it would be treated as a U.S. corporation subject
to U.S. federal income tax, and possibly state and local
income tax, and distributions to its shareholders would not be
deducted by the Fund in computing its taxable income. In such
event, the Fund’s distributions, to the extent derived from
the Fund’s current or accumulated earnings and profits,
would generally constitute ordinary dividends, which would
generally be eligible for the dividends received deduction
available to corporate shareholders, and non-corporate
shareholders would generally be able to treat such distributions
as “qualified dividend income” eligible for reduced
rates of U.S. federal income taxation in taxable years
beginning on or before December 31, 2010, provided in each
case that certain holding period and other requirements are
satisfied.
Unless a shareholder is ineligible to participate or elects
otherwise, all distributions will be automatically reinvested in
additional Common Shares of the Fund pursuant to the Plan. For
taxpayers subject to U.S. federal income tax, all dividends
will generally be taxable regardless of whether a shareholder
takes them in cash or they are reinvested pursuant to the Plan
in additional shares of the Fund. Distributions of the
Fund’s investment company taxable income will generally be
taxable as ordinary income to the extent of the Fund’s
current and accumulated earnings and profits. However, a portion
of such distributions derived from certain
52
corporate dividends, if any, may qualify for either the
dividends received deduction available to corporate shareholders
under Section 243 of the Code or the reduced rates of
U.S. federal income taxation for “qualified dividend
income” available to noncorporate shareholders under
Section 1(h)(11) of the Code for taxable years beginning on
or prior to December 31, 2010, provided in each case
certain holding period and other requirements are met.
Distributions of net capital gain, if any, are generally taxable
as long-term capital gain for U.S. federal income tax
purposes without regard to the length of time a shareholder has
held shares of the Fund. A distribution of an amount in excess
of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits,
if any, will be treated by a shareholder as a tax-free return of
capital, which is applied against and reduces the
shareholder’s basis in his, her or its shares. To the
extent that the amount of any such distribution exceeds the
shareholder’s basis in his, her, or its shares, the excess
will be treated by the shareholder as gain from the sale or
exchange of shares. The U.S. federal income tax status of
all dividends and distributions will be designated by the Fund
and reported to the shareholders annually.
The Fund intends to distribute all realized capital gains, if
any, at least annually. If, however, the Fund were to retain any
net capital gain, the Fund may designate the retained amount as
undistributed capital gains in a notice to shareholders who, if
subject to U.S. federal income tax on long-term capital
gains, (i) will be required to include in income as
long-term capital gain, their proportionate share of such
undistributed amount, and (ii) will be entitled to credit
their proportionate share of the federal income tax paid by the
Fund on the undistributed amount against their U.S. federal
income tax liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds to the
extent the credit exceeds such liabilities. If such an event
occurs, the tax basis of shares owned by a shareholder of the
Fund will, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, generally
be increased by the difference between the amount of
undistributed net capital gain included in the
shareholder’s gross income and the tax deemed paid by the
shareholders.
Any dividend declared by the Fund in October, November or
December with a record date in such a month and paid during the
following January will be treated for U.S. federal income
tax purposes as paid by the Fund and received by shareholders on
December 31 of the calendar year in which it is declared.
If a shareholder’s distributions are automatically
reinvested pursuant to the Plan and the Plan Agent invests the
distribution in shares acquired on behalf of the shareholder in
open-market purchases, for U.S. federal income tax
purposes, the shareholder will be treated as having received a
taxable distribution in the amount of the cash dividend that the
shareholder would have received if the shareholder had elected
to receive cash. If a shareholder’s distributions are
automatically reinvested pursuant to the Plan and the Plan Agent
invests the distribution in newly issued shares of the Fund, the
shareholder will be treated as receiving a taxable distribution
equal to the fair market value of the stock the shareholder
receives.
Certain of the Fund’s investment practices are subject to
special and complex federal income tax provisions that may,
among other things, (i) disallow, suspend or otherwise
limit the allowance of certain losses or deductions,
(ii) convert tax-advantaged, long-term capital gains and
qualified dividend income into higher taxed short-term capital
gain or ordinary income, (iii) convert an ordinary loss or
a deduction into a capital loss (the deductibility of which is
more limited), (iv) cause the Fund to recognize income or
gain without a corresponding receipt of cash, (v) adversely
affect the timing as to when a purchase or sale of stock or
securities is deemed to occur, and (vi) adversely alter the
characterization of certain complex financial transactions. The
Fund will monitor its investments and transactions and may make
certain federal income tax elections where applicable in order
to mitigate the effect of these provisions, if possible.
The Fund may be subject to withholding and other taxes imposed
by foreign countries, including taxes on interest, dividends and
capital gains with respect to its investments in those
countries, which would, if imposed, reduce the yield on or
return from those investments. Tax treaties between certain
countries and the U.S. may reduce or eliminate such taxes
in some cases. The Fund does not expect to satisfy the
requirements for passing through to its shareholders their pro
rata share of qualified foreign taxes paid by the Fund, with the
result that shareholders will not be able to include such taxes
in their gross incomes and will not be entitled to a tax
deduction or credit for such taxes on their own federal income
tax returns.
Sales and other dispositions of the Fund’s shares generally
are taxable events for shareholders that are subject to
U.S. federal income tax. Shareholders should consult their
own tax advisors with reference to their
53
individual circumstances to determine whether any particular
transaction in the Fund’s shares is properly treated as a
sale or exchange for federal income tax purposes, as the
following discussion assumes, and the tax treatment of any gains
or losses recognized in such transactions. Gain or loss will
generally be equal to the difference between the amount of cash
and the fair market value of other property received and the
shareholder’s adjusted tax basis in the shares sold or
exchanged. Such gain or loss will generally be characterized as
capital gain or loss and will be long-term if the
shareholder’s holding period for the shares is more than
one year and short-term if it is one year or less. However, any
loss realized by a shareholder upon the sale or other
disposition of shares with a tax holding period of six months or
less will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent
of any amounts treated as distributions of long-term capital
gain with respect to such shares. For the purposes of
calculating the six-month period, the holding period is
suspended for any periods during which the shareholder’s
risk of loss is diminished as a result of holding one or more
other positions in substantially similar or related property or
through certain options or short sales. The ability to deduct
capital losses may be limited. In addition, losses on sales or
other dispositions of shares may be disallowed under the
“wash sale” rules in the event that substantially
identical shares are acquired (including those made pursuant to
reinvestment of dividends) within a period of 61 days
beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after a
sale or other disposition of shares. In such a case, the
disallowed portion of any loss generally would be included in
the U.S. federal tax basis of the shares acquired.
The Fund is required in certain circumstances to backup withhold
at a current rate of 28% on reportable payments including
dividends, capital gain distributions, and proceeds of sales or
other dispositions of the Fund’s shares paid to certain
holders of the Fund’s shares who do not furnish the Fund
with their correct social security number or other taxpayer
identification number and certain other certifications, or who
are otherwise subject to backup withholding. Backup withholding
is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld from payments
made to a shareholder may be refunded or credited against such
shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, if
any, provided that the required information is timely furnished
to the IRS.
This prospectus does not address the U.S. federal income
tax consequences to a
non-U.S. shareholder
of an investment in Common Shares.
Non-U.S. shareholders
should consult their tax advisers concerning the tax
consequences of ownership of shares of the Fund, including the
possibility that distributions may be subject to a 30% U.S.
withholding tax (or a reduced rate of withholding provided by an
applicable treaty if the investor provides proper certification
of such status).
The foregoing is a general and abbreviated summary of the
provisions of the Code and the Treasury regulations thereunder
currently in effect as they directly govern the taxation of the
Fund and its shareholders. These provisions are subject to
change by legislative or administrative action, and any such
change may be retroactive. A more complete discussion of the
federal income tax rules applicable to the Fund can be found in
the statement of additional information, which is incorporated
by reference into this prospectus. Shareholders are urged to
consult their tax advisors regarding specific questions as to
U.S. federal, foreign, state, and local income or other
taxes before making an investment in the Fund.
54
UNDERWRITERS
Under the terms and subject to the conditions contained in the
underwriting agreement dated the date of this prospectus, the
underwriters named below, for whom Morgan Stanley & Co.
Incorporated is acting as representative, have severally agreed
to purchase, and the Fund has agreed to sell to them, the number
of Common Shares indicated below.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of | |
Name |
|
Common Shares | |
|
|
| |
Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated
|
|
|
|
|
A.G. Edwards & Sons, Inc.
|
|
|
|
|
Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.
|
|
|
|
|
H&R Block Financial Advisors, Inc.
|
|
|
|
|
Ferris, Baker Watts, Incorporated
|
|
|
|
|
J.J.B. Hilliard, W.L. Lyons, Inc.
|
|
|
|
|
Janney Montgomery Scott LLC
|
|
|
|
|
Oppenheimer & Co. Inc.
|
|
|
|
|
RBC Capital Markets Corporation
|
|
|
|
|
Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated
|
|
|
|
|
Wells Fargo Securities, LLC
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The underwriters are offering the Common Shares subject to their
acceptance of the Common Shares from the Fund and subject to
prior sale. The underwriting agreement provides that the
obligations of the several underwriters to pay for and accept
delivery of the Common Shares offered by this prospectus are
subject to the approval of legal matters by their counsel and to
certain other conditions. The underwriters are obligated to take
and pay for all of the Common Shares offered by this prospectus
if any such Common Shares are taken. However, the underwriters
are not required to take or pay for the Common Shares covered by
the underwriters’ overallotment option described below.
The underwriters initially propose to offer part of the Common
Shares directly to the public at the initial offering price
listed on the cover page of this prospectus and part to certain
dealers at a price that represents a concession not in excess of
$0.60 a share under the initial offering price. Any underwriter
may allow, and such dealers may reallow, a concession not in
excess of $0.10 a share to the other underwriters or to certain
dealers. After the initial offering of the Common Shares, the
offering price and other selling terms may from time to time be
varied by the representative. The underwriting discounts and
commissions (sales load) of $0.90 a share are equal to 4.5% of
the initial offering price. Investors must pay for any Common
Shares purchased on or
before ,
2006.
The Fund has granted to the underwriters an option, exercisable
for 45 days from the date of this prospectus, to purchase
up to an aggregate
of Common
Shares at the initial offering price per Common Share listed on
the cover page of this prospectus, less underwriting discounts
and commissions. The underwriters may exercise this option
solely for the purpose of covering over allotments, if any, made
in connection with the offering of the Common Shares offered by
this prospectus. To the extent the option is exercised, each
underwriter will become obligated, subject to limited
conditions, to purchase approximately the same percentage of the
additional Common Shares as the number listed next to the
underwriter’s name in the preceding table bears to the
total number of Common Shares listed next to the names of all
underwriters in the preceding table. If the underwriters’
over-allotment option is exercised in full, the total price to
the public would be
$ ,
the total underwriters’ discounts and commissions (sales
load) would be
$ ,
the estimated offering expenses would be
$ and
the total proceeds to the Fund would be
$ .
55
The following table summarizes the estimated expenses and
compensation that the Fund will pay:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Per Share | |
|
Total | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
Without | |
|
With | |
|
Without | |
|
With | |
|
|
Over-allotment | |
|
Over-allotment | |
|
Over-allotment | |
|
Over-allotment | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Expenses payable by the Fund
|
|
$ |
0.04 |
|
|
$ |
0.04 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Underwriting discounts and commissions (sales load)
|
|
$ |
0.90 |
|
|
$ |
0.90 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The fees described below under “— Additional
Compensation to Be Paid by the Investment Adviser” are not
reimbursable to the Investment Adviser by the Fund, and are
therefore not reflected in expenses payable by the Fund in the
table above.
Offering expenses paid by the Fund (other than underwriting
discounts and commissions) will not exceed $0.04 per Common
Share sold by the Fund in this offering. If the offering
expenses referred to in the preceding sentence exceed this
amount, the Investment Adviser will pay the excess. The
aggregate offering expenses (excluding underwriting discounts
and commissions) are estimated to be
$ in
total, or
$ per
Common Share sold by the Fund in this offering.
The underwriters have informed the Fund that they do not intend
sales to discretionary accounts to exceed five percent of the
total number of Common Shares offered by them.
In order to meet requirements for the NYSE, the underwriters
have undertaken to sell lots of 100 or more shares to a minimum
of 2,000 beneficial owners. The minimum investment requirement
is 100 Common Shares ($2,000).
The Common Shares have been approved for listing on the NYSE,
subject to notice of issuance, under the trading or
“ticker” symbol “DHG.”
The Fund has agreed that, without the prior written consent of
Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated on behalf of the
underwriters, it will not, during the period ending
180 days after the date of this prospectus:
|
|
|
|
• |
offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or
contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell,
grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend, or
otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any
Common Shares or any securities convertible into or exercisable
or exchangeable for Common Shares, or |
|
|
• |
enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to
another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences
of ownership of the Common Shares, |
whether any such transaction described above is to be settled by
delivery of Common Shares or such other securities, in cash or
otherwise; or file any registration statement with the
Securities and Exchange Commission relating to the offering of
any Common Shares or any securities convertible into or
exercisable or exchangeable for Common Shares. These
lock-up agreements will
not apply to the Common Shares to be sold pursuant to the
underwriting agreement or any Common Shares issued pursuant to
the Fund’s Dividend Reinvestment and Cash Purchase Plan.
In order to facilitate the offering of the Common Shares, the
underwriters may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain
or otherwise affect the price of the Common Shares. The
underwriters currently expect to sell more Common Shares than
they are obligated to purchase under the underwriting agreement,
creating a short position in the Common Shares for their own
account. A short sale is covered if the short position is no
greater than the number of Common Shares available for purchase
by the underwriters under the over-allotment option (exercisable
for 45 days from the date of this prospectus). The
underwriters can close out a covered short sale by exercising
the overallotment option or purchasing Common Shares in the open
market. In determining the source of Common Shares to close out
a covered short sale, the underwriters will consider, among
other things, the open market price of the Common Shares
compared to the price available under the overallotment option.
The underwriters may also sell Common Shares in excess of the
overallotment option, creating a naked short position. The
underwriters must close out any naked short position by
purchasing
56
Common Shares in the open market. A naked short position is more
likely to be created if the underwriters are concerned that
there may be downward pressure on the price of the Common Shares
in the open market after pricing that could adversely affect
investors who purchase in the offering. As an additional means
of facilitating the offering, the underwriters may bid for, and
purchase, Common Shares in the open market to stabilize the
price of the Common Shares. Finally, the underwriting syndicate
may also reclaim selling concessions allowed to an underwriter
or a dealer for distributing the Common Shares in the offering,
if the syndicate repurchases previously distributed Common
Shares in transactions to cover syndicate short positions or to
stabilize the price of the Common Shares. Any of these
activities may raise or maintain the market price of the Common
Shares above independent market levels or prevent or retard a
decline in the market price of the Common Shares. The
underwriters are not required to engage in these activities, and
may end any of these activities at any time.
Prior to this offering, there has been no public or private
market for the Common Shares or any other securities of the
Fund. Consequently, the offering price for the Common Shares was
determined by negotiation among the Fund, the Investment Adviser
and the representative. There can be no assurance, however, that
the price at which the Common Shares trade after this offering
will not be lower than the price at which they are sold by the
underwriters or that an active trading market in the Common
Shares will develop and continue after this offering.
The Fund anticipates that the representative and certain other
underwriters may from time to time act as brokers and dealers in
connection with the execution of its portfolio transactions
after they have ceased to be underwriters and, subject to
certain restrictions, may act as such brokers while they are
underwriters.
In connection with this offering, certain of the underwriters or
selected dealers may distribute prospectuses electronically.
The Fund and the underwriters have agreed to indemnify each
other against certain liabilities, including liabilities under
the Securities Act of 1933.
The address of Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated is
1585 Broadway, New York, New York 10036.
Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., one of the underwriters, is an
affiliate of the Investment Adviser.
Additional Compensation to be Paid by the Investment
Adviser
In connection with this transaction, Morgan Stanley & Co.
Incorporated will be paid a marketing and structuring fee by the
Investment Adviser (and not the Fund) equal to 1.25% of the
aggregate price to the public of the Common Shares sold by
Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated (including shares
over-allotted by Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated
regardless of whether the over-allotment option is exercised),
and which will total
$ .
The marketing and structuring fee paid to Morgan Stanley &
Co. Incorporated will not exceed %
of the total price to the public of the Common Shares sold in
this offering. In contrast to the underwriting discounts and
commissions (earned under the underwriting agreement by the
underwriting syndicate as a group), this marketing and
structuring fee will be earned by and paid to Morgan Stanley
& Co. Incorporated by the Investment Adviser for advice to
the Investment Adviser on the design and structuring of, and
marketing assistance with respect to, the Fund and the
distribution of its Common Shares.
The Investment Adviser (and not the Fund) has agreed to pay from
its own assets to A.G. Edwards & Sons, Inc. a marketing and
structuring fee up to
$ for
advice to the Investment Adviser relating to the structure and
design of the Fund and the organization of the Fund, as well as
services related to the sale and distribution of the Common
Shares. The marketing and structuring fee paid to
A.G. Edwards & Sons, Inc. will not
exceed % of the total price to the
public of the Common Shares sold by A.G. Edwards &
Sons, Inc. in this offering.
The sum total of all compensation to the underwriters in
connection with this public offering of Common Shares, including
sales load and the fees described above, will not exceed 9% of
the total price to the public of the Common Shares sold in this
offering.
57
CUSTODIAN, TRANSFER AGENT
AND DIVIDEND-DISBURSING AGENT
State Street Bank and Trust Company serves as the custodian of
the Fund’s assets pursuant to a custody agreement. Under
the custody agreement, the Custodian holds the Fund’s
assets in compliance with the 1940 Act. For its services, the
Custodian will receive a monthly fee based upon, among other
things, the average value of the total assets of the Fund, plus
certain charges for securities transactions.
DWS Scudder Investments Service Company, an affiliate of DeIM,
serves as the dividend-disbursing agent and transfer agent for
the Fund.
State Street Bank and Trust Company is located at 225 Franklin
Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02109. DeIM is located at
345 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10154. DWS Scudder
Investments Service Company is located at
210 W. 10th Street, Kansas City, Missouri
64105-1614.
LEGAL MATTERS
Certain legal matters will be passed on by Vedder, Price,
Kaufman & Kammholz, P.C., Chicago, Illinois
(“Vedder Price”), as counsel to the Fund in connection
with the offering of the Common Shares, and by Davis Polk &
Wardwell, New York, New York, counsel to the underwriters.
Vedder Price and Davis Polk & Wardwell may rely on the
opinion of Ober, Kaler, Grimes & Shriver, a
Professional Corporation, Baltimore, Maryland, as to matters of
Maryland law.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
The Fund is subject to the informational requirements of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the 1940 Act
and in accordance therewith files reports and other information
with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Reports, proxy
statements and other information filed by the Fund with the
Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the informational
requirements of such Acts can be inspected and copied at the
public reference facilities maintained by the Securities and
Exchange Commission, 100 F. Street, N.E.,
Washington, D.C. 20549. The Securities and Exchange
Commission maintains a web site at http://www.sec.gov containing
reports, proxy and information statements and other information
regarding registrants, including the Fund, that file
electronically with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
The Fund’s Common Shares are expected to be listed on the
NYSE, and reports, proxy statements and other information
concerning the Fund and filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission by the Fund can be inspected at the offices of the
New York Stock Exchange, Inc., 20 Broad Street,
New York, New York 10005.
This prospectus constitutes part of a Registration Statement
filed by the Fund with the Securities and Exchange Commission
under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the 1940 Act.
This prospectus omits certain of the information contained in
the Registration Statement, and reference is hereby made to the
Registration Statement and related exhibits for further
information with respect to the Fund and the Common Shares
offered hereby. Any statements contained herein concerning the
provisions of any document are not necessarily complete, and, in
each instance, reference is made to the copy of such document
filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement or otherwise
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Each such
statement is qualified in its entirety by such reference. The
complete Registration Statement may be obtained from the
Securities and Exchange Commission upon payment of the fee
prescribed by its rules and regulations or free of charge
through the Securities and Exchange Commission’s web site
(http://www.sec.gov).
58
TABLE OF CONTENTS OF
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
A statement of additional information dated as
of ,
2006, has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
and is incorporated by reference in this prospectus. A statement
of additional information may be obtained without charge by
writing to the Fund at its address at 345 Park Avenue, New
York, New York 10154 or by calling the Fund toll-free at
(800) 349-4281.
The Table of Contents of the statement of additional information
is as follows:
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59
DWS Dreman Value Income Edge Fund, Inc.
DHG-PRO
The information
in this statement of additional information is not complete and
may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the
registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission is effective. This statement of additional
information is not an offer to sell these securities and is not
soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction
where the offer is not permitted.
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SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, dated
October 25, 2006
DWS DREMAN VALUE INCOME EDGE FUND, INC. (the
“Fund”)
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
The Fund is a non-diversified, closed-end management investment
company. The Fund seeks to achieve a high level of total return.
The Fund pursues its investment objective through a combination
of an income strategy designed to generate regular income with
the potential for capital appreciation while reducing volatility
(“Income Strategy”), and a quantitative long/short
strategy designed to seek returns that are not correlated with
the market (“Hedge Strategy”). There is no assurance
that the Fund will achieve its objective.
This statement of additional information (“SAI”) is
not a prospectus, but should be read in conjunction with the
prospectus for the Fund
dated ,
2006. Investors should obtain and read the prospectus prior to
purchasing shares of common stock. A copy of the prospectus may
be obtained without charge, by calling the Fund at
(800) 349-4281.
The prospectus and this SAI omit certain of the information
contained in the registration statement filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”),
Washington, D.C. The registration statement may be obtained
from the Securities and Exchange Commission upon payment of the
fee prescribed, or inspected at the Securities and Exchange
Commission’s office or via its website (www.sec.gov) at no
charge. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein have the
meanings ascribed to them in the prospectus.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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i
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
Except as otherwise indicated, the Fund’s investment
objective and policies are not fundamental and may be changed
without a vote of shareholders. There can be no assurance the
Fund’s objective will be met.
Any investment restrictions herein which involve a maximum
percentage of securities or assets shall not be considered to be
violated unless an excess over the percentage occurs immediately
after and is caused by an acquisition or encumbrance of
securities or assets of, or borrowings by, the Fund.
As a matter of fundamental policy, the Fund will not:
(1) borrow money, except as permitted under the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”),
and as interpreted or modified by regulatory authority having
jurisdiction, from time to time;
(2) issue senior securities, except as permitted under the
1940 Act, as interpreted or modified by regulatory authority
having jurisdiction, from time to time;
(3) concentrate its investments in a particular industry,
as that term is used in the 1940 Act, as interpreted or modified
by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time;
(4) engage in the business of underwriting securities
issued by others, except to the extent that the Fund may be
deemed to be an underwriter in connection with the disposition
of portfolio securities;
(5) purchase or sell real estate, which term does not
include securities of companies which deal in real estate or
mortgages or investments secured by real estate or interests
therein, except that the Fund reserves freedom of action to hold
and to sell real estate acquired as a result of the Fund’s
ownership of securities;
(6) purchase physical commodities or contracts relating to
physical commodities except as permitted by the 1940 Act, as
interpreted or modified by regulatory authority having
jurisdiction, from time to time; or
(7) make loans except as permitted under the 1940 Act, as
interpreted or modified by regulatory authority having
jurisdiction, from time to time.
A fundamental policy may not be changed without the approval of
a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund
which, under the 1940 Act and the rules thereunder and as used
in this SAI, means the lesser of (1) 67% or more of the
voting securities present at such meeting, if the holders of
more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund
are present or represented by proxy, or (2) more than 50%
of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund.
INVESTMENT POLICIES AND TECHNIQUES
Descriptions in this SAI of a particular investment practice or
technique in which the Fund may engage are meant to describe the
spectrum of investments that Deutsche Investment Management
Americas Inc. (“DeIM” or the “Investment
Adviser”) or Dreman Value Management LLC
(“Dreman” or the “Subadviser”)
(collectively, the “Adviser”), in its discretion
might, but is not required to, use in managing the Fund’s
portfolio assets. Furthermore, it is possible that certain types
of financial instruments or investment techniques described
herein may not be available, permissible, economically feasible
or effective for their intended purposes in all markets. Certain
practices, techniques or instruments may not be principal
activities of the Fund, but, to the extent employed, could from
time to time have a material impact on the Fund’s
performance.
Common Stock. The Fund may invest in common
stocks. Common stock is issued by companies to raise cash for
business purposes and represents a proportionate interest in the
issuing companies. Therefore, the Fund participates in the
success or failure of any company in which it holds stock. The
market value of common stock can fluctuate significantly,
reflecting the business performance of the issuing company,
investor perception and general economic and financial market
movements. Despite the risk of price volatility, however, common
stocks have historically offered a greater potential for
long-term gain on investment,
compared to other classes of financial assets such as bonds or
cash equivalents, although there can be no assurance that this
will be true in the future.
Convertible Securities. The Fund may invest in
convertible securities, that is, bonds, notes, debentures,
preferred stocks and other securities which are convertible into
common stock. Investments in convertible securities can provide
an opportunity for capital appreciation and/or income through
interest and dividend payments by virtue of their conversion or
exchange features.
The convertible securities in which the Fund may invest are
either fixed income or zero coupon debt securities which may be
converted or exchanged at a stated or determinable exchange
ratio into underlying shares of common stock. The exchange ratio
for any particular convertible security may be adjusted from
time to time due to stock splits, dividends, spin-offs, other
corporate distributions or scheduled changes in the exchange
ratio. Convertible debt securities and convertible preferred
stocks, until converted, have general characteristics similar to
both debt and equity securities. Although to a lesser extent
than with debt securities generally, the market value of
convertible securities tends to decline as interest rates
increase and, conversely, tends to increase as interest rates
decline. In addition, because of the conversion or exchange
feature, the market value of convertible securities typically
changes as the market value of the underlying common stocks
changes, and, therefore, also tends to follow movements in the
general market for equity securities. A unique feature of
convertible securities is that as the market price of the
underlying common stock declines, convertible securities tend to
trade increasingly on a yield basis, and so may not experience
market value declines to the same extent as the underlying
common stock. When the market price of the underlying common
stock increases, the prices of the convertible securities tend
to rise as a reflection of the value of the underlying common
stock, although typically not as much as the underlying common
stock. While no securities investments are without risk,
investments in convertible securities generally entail less risk
than investments in common stock of the same issuer.
As debt securities, convertible securities are investments which
provide for a stream of income (or in the case of zero coupon
securities, accretion of income) with generally higher yields
than common stocks. Convertible securities generally offer lower
yields than non-convertible securities of similar quality
because of their conversion or exchange features.
Of course, like all debt securities, there can be no assurance
of income or principal payments because the issuers of the
convertible securities may default on their obligations.
Convertible securities generally are subordinated to other
similar but non-convertible securities of the same issuer,
although convertible bonds, as corporate debt obligations, enjoy
seniority in right of payment to all equity securities, and
convertible preferred stock is senior to common stock, of the
same issuer. However, because of the subordination feature,
convertible bonds and convertible preferred stock typically have
lower ratings than similar non-convertible securities.
Convertible securities may be issued as fixed income obligations
that pay current income or as zero coupon notes and bonds,
including Liquid Yield Option Notes
(“LYONs”tm).
Depositary Receipts. The Fund may invest in
sponsored or unsponsored American Depositary Receipts
(“ADRs”), European Depositary Receipts
(“EDRs”), Global Depositary Receipts
(“GDRs”), International Depositary Receipts
(“IDRs”) and other types of Depositary Receipts
(which, together with ADRs, EDRs, GDRs and IDRs are hereinafter
referred to as “Depositary Receipts”). Depositary
receipts provide indirect investment in securities of foreign
issuers. Prices of unsponsored Depositary Receipts may be more
volatile than if they were sponsored by the issuer of the
underlying securities. Depositary Receipts may not necessarily
be denominated in the same currency as the underlying securities
into which they may be converted. In addition, the issuers of
the stock of unsponsored Depositary Receipts are not obligated
to disclose material information in the United States and,
therefore, there may not be a correlation between such
information and the market value of the Depositary Receipts.
ADRs are Depositary Receipts which are bought and sold in the
United States and are typically issued by a US bank or trust
company which evidence ownership of underlying securities by a
foreign corporation. GDRs, IDRs and other types of Depositary
Receipts are typically issued by foreign banks or trust
companies, although they may also be issued by United States
banks or trust companies, and evidence ownership of underlying
securities issued by either a foreign or a United States
corporation.
2
Generally, Depositary Receipts in registered form are designed
for use in the United States securities markets and Depositary
Receipts in bearer form are designed for use in securities
markets outside the United States. For purposes of the
Fund’s investment policies, the Fund’s investments in
ADRs, GDRs and other types of Depositary Receipts will be deemed
to be investments in the underlying securities. Depositary
Receipts, including those denominated in US dollars will be
subject to foreign currency exchange rate risk. However, by
investing in US dollar-denominated ADRs rather than directly in
foreign issuers’ stock, the Fund avoids currency risks
during the settlement period. In general, there is a large,
liquid market in the United States for most ADRs. However,
certain Depositary Receipts may not be listed on an exchange and
therefore may be illiquid securities.
Eurodollar Instruments. The Fund may make
investments in Eurodollar instruments. Eurodollar instruments
are US dollar-denominated futures contracts or options
thereon which are linked to the London Interbank Offered Rate
(“LIBOR”), although foreign currency-denominated
instruments are available from time to time. Eurodollar futures
contracts enable purchasers to obtain a fixed rate for the
lending of funds and sellers to obtain a fixed rate for
borrowings. The Fund might use Eurodollar futures contracts and
options thereon to hedge against changes in LIBOR, to which many
interest rate swaps and fixed income instruments are linked.
Eurodollar Obligations. The Fund may invest in
eurodollar obligations. Eurodollar bank obligations are US
dollar-denominated certificates of deposit and time deposits
issued outside the US capital markets by foreign branches of US
banks and US branches of foreign banks. Eurodollar obligations
are subject to the same risks that pertain to domestic issues,
notably credit risk, market risk and liquidity risk.
Additionally, Eurodollar obligations are subject to certain
sovereign risks.
Foreign Currencies. The Fund may invest in foreign
currencies. Because investments in foreign securities usually
will involve currencies of foreign countries, and because the
Fund may hold foreign currencies and forward contracts, futures
contracts and options on foreign currencies and foreign currency
futures contracts, the value of the assets of the Fund as
measured in US dollars may be affected favorably or unfavorably
by changes in foreign currency exchange rates and exchange
control regulations, and the Fund may incur costs and experience
conversion difficulties and uncertainties in connection with
conversions between various currencies. Fluctuations in exchange
rates may also affect the earning power and asset value of the
foreign entity issuing the security.
The strength or weakness of the US dollar against these
currencies is responsible for part of the Fund’s investment
performance. If the dollar falls in value relative to the
Japanese yen, for example, the dollar value of a Japanese stock
held in the portfolio will rise even though the price of the
stock remains unchanged. Conversely, if the dollar rises in
value relative to the yen, the dollar value of the Japanese
stock will fall. Many foreign currencies have experienced
significant devaluation relative to the dollar.
Although the Fund values its assets daily in terms of
US dollars, it does not intend to convert its holdings of
foreign currencies into US dollars on a daily basis. It will do
so from time to time, and investors should be aware of the costs
of currency conversion. Although foreign exchange dealers do not
charge a fee for conversion, they do realize a profit based on
the difference (the “spread”) between the prices at
which they are buying and selling various currencies. Thus, a
dealer may offer to sell a foreign currency to the Fund at one
rate, while offering a lesser rate of exchange should the Fund
desire to resell that currency to the dealer. The Fund will
conduct its foreign currency exchange transactions either on a
spot (i.e., cash) basis at the spot rate prevailing in the
foreign currency exchange market, or through entering into
options or forward or futures contracts to purchase or sell
foreign currencies.
Foreign Investments. The Fund may invest up to 30%
of Managed Assets in foreign securities. Foreign securities are
normally denominated and traded in foreign currencies. As a
result, the value of the Fund’s foreign investments and the
value of its shares may be affected favorably or unfavorably by
changes in currency exchange rates relative to the
US dollar. There may be less information publicly available
about a foreign issuer than about a US issuer, and foreign
issuers may not be subject to accounting, auditing and financial
reporting standards and practices comparable to those in
the US. The securities of some foreign issuers are less
liquid and at times more volatile than securities of comparable
US issuers. Foreign brokerage
3
commissions and other fees are also generally higher than in
the US. Foreign settlement procedures and trade regulations
may involve certain risks (such as delay in payment or delivery
of securities or in the recovery of the Fund’s assets held
abroad) and expenses not present in the settlement of
investments in US markets. Payment for securities without
delivery may be required in certain foreign markets.
In addition, foreign securities may be subject to the risk of
nationalization or expropriation of assets, imposition of
currency exchange controls or restrictions on the repatriation
of foreign currency, confiscatory taxation, political or
financial instability and diplomatic developments which could
affect the value of the Fund’s investments in certain
foreign countries. Governments of many countries have exercised
and continue to exercise substantial influence over many aspects
of the private sector through the ownership or control of many
companies, including some of the largest in these countries. As
a result, government actions in the future could have a
significant effect on economic conditions which may adversely
affect prices of certain portfolio securities. There is also
generally less government supervision and regulation of stock
exchanges, brokers, and listed companies than in the US.
Dividends or interest on, or proceeds from the sale of, foreign
securities may be subject to foreign withholding taxes, and
special US tax considerations may apply. Moreover, foreign
economies may differ favorably or unfavorably from the US
economy in such respects as growth of gross national product,
rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource
self-sufficiency and balance of payments position.
Legal remedies available to investors in certain foreign
countries may be more limited than those available with respect
to investments in the US or in other foreign countries. The laws
of some foreign countries may limit the Fund’s ability to
invest in securities of certain issuers organized under the laws
of those foreign countries.
Of particular importance, many foreign countries are heavily
dependent upon exports, particularly to developed countries,
and, accordingly, have been and may continue to be adversely
affected by trade barriers, managed adjustments in relative
currency values, and other protectionist measures imposed or
negotiated by the US and other countries with which they trade.
These economies also have been and may continue to be negatively
impacted by economic conditions in the US and other trading
partners, which can lower the demand for goods produced in those
countries.
The risks described above, including the risks of
nationalization or expropriation of assets, typically are
increased in connection with investments in “emerging
markets.” For example, political and economic structures in
these countries may be in their infancy and developing rapidly,
and such countries may lack the social, political and economic
stability characteristic of more developed countries (including
amplified risk of war and terrorism). Certain of these countries
have in the past failed to recognize private property rights and
have at times nationalized and expropriated the assets of
private companies. Investments in emerging markets may be
considered speculative.
The currencies of certain emerging market countries have
experienced devaluations relative to the US dollar, and future
devaluations may adversely affect the value of assets
denominated in such currencies. In addition, currency hedging
techniques may be unavailable in certain emerging market
countries. Many emerging market countries have experienced
substantial, and in some periods extremely high, rates of
inflation or deflation for many years, and future inflation may
adversely affect the economies and securities markets of such
countries.
In addition, unanticipated political or social developments may
affect the value of investments in emerging markets and the
availability of additional investments in these markets. Any
change in the leadership or politics of emerging market
countries, or the countries that exercise a significant
influence over those countries, may halt the expansion of or
reverse the liberalization of foreign investment policies now
occurring and adversely affect existing investment
opportunities. The small size, limited trading volume and
relative inexperience of the securities markets in these
countries may make investments in securities traded in emerging
markets illiquid and more volatile than investments in
securities traded in more developed countries. For example,
limited market size may cause prices to be unduly influenced by
traders who control large positions. In addition, the Fund may
be required to establish special custodial or other arrangements
before making investments in securities traded in emerging
markets. There may be little financial or accounting
4
information available with respect to issuers of emerging market
securities, and it may be difficult as a result to assess the
value of prospects of an investment in such securities.
The risk also exists that an emergency situation may arise in
one or more emerging markets as a result of which trading of
securities may cease or may be substantially curtailed and
prices for the Fund’s securities in such markets may not be
readily available. The Fund may suspend redemption of its shares
for any period during which an emergency exists, as determined
by the SEC. Accordingly if the Fund believes that appropriate
circumstances exist, it will promptly apply to the SEC for a
determination that an emergency is present. During the period
commencing from the Fund’s identification of such condition
until the date of the SEC action, the Fund’s securities in
the affected markets will be valued at fair value determined in
good faith by or under the direction of the Fund’s Board.
Certain of the foregoing risks may also apply to some extent to
securities of US issuers that are denominated in foreign
currencies or that are traded in foreign markets, or securities
of US issuers having significant foreign operations.
Energy Trusts. The Fund may invest in units of
Canadian royalty income trusts that own and/or operate energy
related assets (“Energy Trusts”). Energy Trusts
represent an equity ownership interest in a trust created under
the laws of one of the Canadian provinces. Trust units generally
entitle the holder to receive monthly or quarterly distributions
from the Energy Trusts as well as the potential to share in
capital appreciation of trust units. In the event of liquidation
of the Energy Trusts that issued units, holders generally would
be entitled to a pro rata share of any liquidation proceeds
remaining after payment of all outstanding debt and other
liabilities. Securities of Energy Trusts generally trade on one
or more Canadian stock exchanges, and may also trade one of the
United States stock exchanges. Holders of trust units generally
have the right to vote on the election of directors or managers
of the trust.
Illiquid Securities and Restricted Securities. The
Fund may purchase securities that are subject to legal or
contractual restrictions on resale (“restricted
securities”). Generally speaking, restricted securities may
be sold (i) only to qualified institutional buyers;
(ii) in a privately negotiated transaction to a limited
number of purchasers; (iii) in limited quantities after
they have been held for a specified period of time and other
conditions are met pursuant to an exemption from registration;
or (iv) in a public offering for which a registration
statement is in effect under the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended (the “1933 Act”). Issuers of restricted
securities may not be subject to the disclosure and other
investor protection requirements that would be applicable if
their securities were publicly traded.
Restricted securities are often illiquid, but they may also be
liquid. For example, restricted securities that are eligible for
resale under Rule 144A are often deemed to be liquid. The
Fund may also purchase securities that are not subject to legal
or contractual restrictions on resale, but that are deemed
illiquid. Such securities may be illiquid, for example, because
there is a limited trading market for them.
The Fund may be unable to sell a restricted or illiquid
security. In addition, it may be more difficult to determine a
market value for restricted or illiquid securities. Moreover, if
adverse market conditions were to develop during the period
between the Fund’s decision to sell a restricted or
illiquid security and the point at which the Fund is permitted
or able to sell such security, the Fund might obtain a price
less favorable than the price that prevailed when it decided to
sell.
Investment Grade Debt Securities. The Fund may
purchase “investment-grade” bonds, which are those
rated Aaa, Aa, A or Baa by Moody’s or AAA, AA, A or BBB by
S&P or similar ratings of another nationally recognized
statistical rating organization (“NRSRO”) or, if
unrated, judged to be of equivalent quality as determined by the
Adviser. Moody’s considers bonds it rates Baa to have
speculative elements as well as investment-grade
characteristics. To the extent that the Fund invests in
higher-grade securities, the Fund will not be able to avail
itself of opportunities for higher income which may be available
at lower grades.
Preferred Stock. The Fund may invest in preferred
stocks. Preferred stocks pay fixed or floating dividends to
investors, and have a “preference” over common stock
in the payment of dividends and the liquidation of a
company’s assets. This means that a company must pay
dividends on preferred stock before
5
paying any dividends on its common stock. Preferred stockholders
usually have no right to vote for corporate directors or on
other matters.
Repurchase Agreements. The Fund may invest in
repurchase agreements. In a repurchase agreement, the Fund
acquires ownership of a security and simultaneously commits to
resell that security to the seller, typically a bank or broker/
dealer.
A repurchase agreement provides a means for the Fund to earn
income on funds for periods as short as overnight. It is an
arrangement under which the purchaser (i.e., the Fund) acquires
a security (“Obligation”) and the seller agrees, at
the time of sale, to repurchase the Obligation at a specified
time and price. Securities subject to a repurchase agreement are
held in a segregated account and, as described in more detail
below, the value of such securities is kept at least equal to
the repurchase price on a daily basis. The repurchase price may
be higher than the purchase price, the difference being income
to the Fund, or the purchase and repurchase prices may be the
same, with interest at a stated rate due to the Fund together
with the repurchase price upon repurchase. In either case, the
income to the Fund is unrelated to the interest rate on the
Obligation itself. Obligations will be held by the custodian or
in the Federal Reserve Book Entry System.
It is not clear whether a court would consider the Obligation
purchased by the Fund subject to a repurchase agreement as being
owned by the Fund or as being collateral for a loan by the Fund
to the seller. In the event of the commencement of bankruptcy or
insolvency proceedings with respect to the seller of the
Obligation before repurchase of the Obligation under a
repurchase agreement, the Fund may encounter delay and incur
costs before being able to sell the security. Delays may involve
loss of interest or decline in price of the Obligation. If the
court characterizes the transaction as a loan and the Fund has
not perfected a security interest in the Obligation, the Fund
may be required to return the Obligation to the seller’s
estate and be treated as an unsecured creditor of the seller. As
an unsecured creditor, the Fund would be at risk of losing some
or all of the principal and income involved in the transaction.
As with any unsecured debt Obligation purchased for the Fund,
the Adviser seeks to reduce the risk of loss through repurchase
agreements by analyzing the creditworthiness of the obligor, in
this case the seller of the Obligation. Apart from the risk of
bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings, there is also the risk
that the seller may fail to repurchase the Obligation, in which
case the Fund may incur a loss if the proceeds to the Fund of
the sale to a third party are less than the repurchase price.
However, if the market value (including interest) of the
Obligation subject to the repurchase agreement becomes less than
the repurchase price (including interest), the Fund will direct
the seller of the Obligation to deliver additional securities so
that the market value (including interest) of all securities
subject to the repurchase agreement will equal or exceed the
repurchase price.
Below Investment Grade Securities. The Fund may
purchase debt securities that are rated below investment-grade
(commonly referred to as “junk bonds”) and preferred
stock that is rated below investment grade. Securities rated
below Baa by Moody’s or below BBB by S&P or similarly
rated by another NRSRO and unrated securities judged to be of
equivalent quality as determined by the Adviser are considered
below investment grade. These securities usually entail greater
risk (including the possibility of default or bankruptcy of the
issuers of such securities), generally involve greater
volatility of price and risk to principal and income, and may be
less liquid, than securities in the higher rating categories.
The lower the ratings of such debt securities, the more their
risks render them like equity securities. Securities rated D may
be in default with respect to payment of principal or interest.
See the Appendix to this SAI for a more complete description of
the ratings assigned by ratings organizations and their
respective characteristics.
Issuers of such high yield securities often are highly leveraged
and may not have available to them more traditional methods of
financing. Therefore, the risk associated with acquiring the
securities of such issuers generally is greater than is the case
with higher rated securities. For example, during an economic
downturn or a sustained period of rising interest rates, highly
leveraged issuers of high yield securities may experience
financial stress. During such periods, such issuers may not have
sufficient revenues to meet their interest payment obligations.
The issuer’s ability to service its debt obligations may
also be adversely affected by specific corporate developments,
or the issuer’s inability to meet specific projected
business forecasts, or the unavailability of additional
financing. The risk of loss from default by the issuer is
significantly greater for the holders of high yield securities
because such securities are generally unsecured and are often
subordinated to
6
other creditors of the issuer. Prices and yields of high yield
securities will fluctuate over time and, during periods of
economic uncertainty, volatility of high yield securities may
adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value. In addition,
investments in high yield zero coupon or
pay-in-kind bonds,
rather than income-bearing high yield securities, may be more
speculative and may be subject to greater fluctuations in value
due to changes in interest rates.
The Fund may have difficulty disposing of certain high-yield
securities because it may have a thin trading market. Because
not all dealers maintain markets in all high yield securities,
the Fund anticipates that such securities could be sold only to
a limited number of dealers or institutional investors. The lack
of a liquid secondary market may have an adverse effect on the
market price and the Fund’s ability to dispose of
particular issues and may also make it more difficult for the
Fund to obtain accurate market quotations for purposes of
valuing assets. Market quotations generally are available on
many high yield issues only from a limited number of dealers and
may not necessarily represent firm bids of such dealers or
prices for actual sales. Adverse publicity and investor
perceptions may decrease the values and liquidity of high yield
securities. These securities may also involve special
registration responsibilities, liabilities and costs, and
liquidity and valuation difficulties.
Credit quality in the high-yield securities market can change
suddenly and unexpectedly, and even recently-issued credit
ratings may not fully reflect the actual risks posed by a
particular high-yield security. For these reasons, it is
generally the policy of the Adviser not to rely exclusively on
ratings issued by established credit rating agencies, but to
supplement such ratings with its own independent and on-going
review of credit quality. The achievement of the Fund’s
investment objective by investment in such securities may be
more dependent on the Adviser’s credit analysis than is the
case for higher quality bonds. Should the rating of a portfolio
security be downgraded, the Adviser will determine whether it is
in the best interests of the Fund to retain or dispose of such
security.
Prices for high yield securities may be affected by legislative
and regulatory developments. Also, Congress has from time to
time considered legislation which would restrict or eliminate
the corporate tax deduction for interest payments on these
securities and regulate corporate restructurings. Such
legislation may significantly depress the prices of outstanding
securities of this type.
A portion of the high-yield securities acquired by the Fund may
be purchased upon issuance, which may involve special risks
because of the securities so acquired are new issues. In such
instances, the Fund may be a substantial purchaser of the issue
and therefore have the opportunity to participate in structuring
the terms of the offering. Although this may enable the Fund to
seek to protect itself against certain of such risks, the
considerations discussed herein would nevertheless remain
applicable.
The Fund may hold distressed securities, which are securities
that are in default or risk of being in default. In connection
with an exchange or workout of such securities, the Fund may
accept various instruments if the Adviser determines it is in
the best interest of the Fund and consistent with the
Fund’s investment objective and policies. Such instruments
may include, but are not limited to, warrants, rights,
participation interests in asset sales and contingent-interest
obligations.
Investment Company Securities. The Fund may
acquire securities of other investment companies to the extent
consistent with its investment objective and subject to the
limitations of the 1940 Act. The Fund will indirectly bear
its proportionate share of any management fees and other
expenses paid by such other investment companies.
For example, the Fund may invest in a variety of investment
companies which seek to track the composition and performance of
specific indexes or a specific portion of an index. These
index-based investments hold substantially all of their assets
in securities representing their specific index. Accordingly,
the main risk of investing in index-based investments is the
same as investing in a portfolio of equity securities comprising
the index. The market prices of index-based investments will
fluctuate in accordance with both changes in the market value of
their underlying portfolio securities and due to supply and
demand for the instruments on the exchanges on which they are
traded (which may result in their trading at a discount or
premium to their NAVs). Index-based investments may not
replicate exactly the performance of their
7
specified index because of transaction costs and because of the
temporary unavailability of certain component securities of the
index.
Examples of index-based investments include:
SPDRs®:
SPDRs, an acronym for “Standard & Poor’s
Depositary Receipts,” are based on the S&P 500
Composite Stock Price Index. They are issued by the SPDR Trust,
a unit investment trust that holds shares of substantially all
the companies in the S&P 500 in substantially the same
weighting and seeks to closely track the price performance and
dividend yield of the Index.
MidCap
SPDRs®:
MidCap SPDRs are based on the S&P MidCap 400 Index.
They are issued by the MidCap SPDR Trust, a unit investment
trust that holds a portfolio of securities consisting of
substantially all of the common stocks in the S&P MidCap 400
Index in substantially the same weighting and seeks to closely
track the price performance and dividend yield of the Index.
Select Sector
SPDRs®:
Select Sector SPDRs are based on a particular sector or group of
industries that are represented by a specified Select Sector
Index within the Standard & Poor’s Composite Stock
Price Index. They are issued by The Select Sector SPDR Trust, an
open-end management investment company with nine portfolios that
each seeks to closely track the price performance and dividend
yield of a particular Select Sector Index.
DIAMONDSsm:
DIAMONDS are based on the Dow Jones Industrial
Averagesm.
They are issued by the DIAMONDS Trust, a unit investment trust
that holds a portfolio of all the component common stocks of the
Dow Jones Industrial Average and seeks to closely track the
price performance and dividend yield of the Dow.
Nasdaq-100 Shares:
Nasdaq-100 Shares
are based on the
Nasdaq-100 Index. They
are issued by the
Nasdaq-100 Trust, a
unit investment trust that holds a portfolio consisting of
substantially all of the securities, in substantially the same
weighting, as the component stocks of the
Nasdaq-100 Index and
seeks to closely track the price performance and dividend yield
of the Index.
WEBssm:
WEBs, an acronym for “World Equity Benchmark Shares,”
are based on 17 country-specific Morgan Stanley Capital
International Indexes. They are issued by the WEBs Index Fund,
Inc., an open-end management investment company that seeks to
generally correspond to the price and yield performance of a
specific Morgan Stanley Capital International Index.
The Fund may also invest in business development companies,
which are also investment companies. Business development
companies generally are specialty finance companies that provide
debt and/or equity capital to companies at various stages of
development from emerging growth companies to expansion-stage
companies to established companies. Companies that business
development companies finance are typically privately held by
may include publicly-held companies that lack access to public
capital or are sensitive to equity ownership dilution. Business
development companies are closed-end investment companies that
have elected to be treated as a business development company
under the 1940 Act.
Lending of Portfolio Securities. The Fund may lend
its investment securities to approved institutional borrowers
who need to borrow securities in order to complete certain
transactions, such as covering short sales, avoiding failures to
deliver securities or completing arbitrage operations. By
lending its investment securities, the Fund attempts to increase
its net investment income through the receipt of interest on the
loan. Any gain or loss in the market price of the securities
loaned that might occur during the term of the loan would belong
to the Fund. The Fund may lend its investment securities so long
as the terms, structure and the aggregate amount of such loans
are not inconsistent with the 1940 Act or the rules and
regulations or interpretations of the SEC thereunder, which
currently require that (a) the borrower pledge and maintain
with the Fund collateral consisting of liquid, unencumbered
assets having a value at all times not less than 100% of the
value of the securities loaned, (b) the borrower add to
such collateral whenever the price of the securities loaned
rises (i.e., the borrower “marks to the market” on a
daily basis), (c) the loan be made subject to termination
by the Fund at any time, and (d) the Fund receives
reasonable interest on the loan (which may include the Fund
investing any cash collateral in interest bearing short-term
investments), and distributions on the loaned securities and any
increase in their market value. There may be risks of delay in
recovery of the securities or
8
even loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower of the
securities fail financially. However, loans will be made only to
borrowers selected by the Fund’s delegate after a
commercially reasonable review of relevant facts and
circumstances, including the creditworthiness of the borrower.
At the present time, the staff of the SEC does not object if an
investment company pays reasonable negotiated fees in connection
with loaned securities, so long as such fees are set forth in a
written contract and approved by the investment company’s
Board of Directors. In addition, voting rights may pass with the
loaned securities, but if a material event occurs affecting an
investment on loan, the loan must be called and the securities
voted. Pursuant to an exemptive order granted by the SEC, cash
collateral received by the Fund may be invested in a money
market fund managed by the Adviser (or one of its affiliates).
Real Estate Investment Trusts (“REITs”).
The Fund may invest in securities of REITs. REITs are sometimes
informally characterized as equity REITs, mortgage REITs and
hybrid REITs. Investment in REITs may subject the Fund to risks
associated with the direct ownership of real estate, such as
decreases in real estate values, overbuilding, increased
competition and other risks related to local or general economic
conditions, increases in operating costs and property taxes,
changes in zoning laws, casualty or condemnation losses,
possible environmental liabilities, regulatory limitations on
rent and fluctuations in rental income. Equity REITs generally
experience these risks directly through fee or leasehold
interests, whereas mortgage REITs generally experience these
risks indirectly through mortgage interests, unless the mortgage
REIT forecloses on the underlying real estate. Changes in
interest rates may also affect the value of the Fund’s
investment in REITs. For instance, during periods of declining
interest rates, certain mortgage REITs may hold mortgages that
the mortgagors elect to prepay, which prepayment may diminish
the yield on securities issued by those REITs.
Certain REITs have relatively small market capitalizations,
which may tend to increase the volatility of the market price of
their securities. Furthermore, REITs are dependent upon
specialized management skills, have limited diversification and
are, therefore, subject to risks inherent in operating and
financing a limited number of projects. REITs are also subject
to heavy cash flow dependency, defaults by borrowers and the
possibility of failing to qualify for tax-free pass-through of
income under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and
to maintain exemption from the registration requirements of the
1940 Act. By investing in REITs indirectly through the Fund, a
shareholder will bear not only his or her proportionate share of
the expenses of the Fund, but also, indirectly, similar expenses
of the REITs. In addition, REITs depend generally on their
ability to generate cash flow to make distributions to
shareholders.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements. The Fund may enter
into “reverse repurchase agreements,” which are
repurchase agreements in which the Fund, as the seller of the
securities, agrees to repurchase such securities at an agreed
time and price. The Fund segregates assets in an amount at least
equal to its obligation under outstanding reverse repurchase
agreements. The Fund will enter into reverse repurchase
agreements only when the Adviser believes that the interest
income to be earned from the investment of the proceeds of the
transaction will be greater than the interest expense of the
transaction. Such transactions may increase fluctuations in the
market value of fund assets and its yield.
Short Sales. The Fund may sell securities short.
When the Fund takes a long position, it purchases a stock
outright. When the Fund takes a short position, it sells at the
current market price a stock it does not own but has borrowed in
anticipation that the market price of the stock will decline. To
complete, or close out, the short sale transaction, the Fund
buys the same stock in the market and returns it to the lender.
The price at such time may be more or less than the price at
which the security was sold by the Fund. Until the security is
replaced, the Fund is required to pay the lender amounts equal
to any dividends or interest that accrue during the period of
the loan. To borrow the security, the Fund may also be required
to pay a premium, which would increase the cost of the security
sold. The proceeds of the short sale will be retained by the
broker to the extent necessary to meet the margin requirements,
until the short position is closed out. The Fund makes money
when the market price of the borrowed stock goes down and the
Fund is able to replace it for less than it earned by selling it
short. Alternatively if the price of the stock goes up after the
short sale and before the short position is closed, the Fund
will lose money because it will have to pay more to replace the
borrowed stock than it received when it sold the stock short.
9
The Fund may not always be able to close out a short position at
a particular time or at an acceptable price. A lender may
request that the borrowed securities be returned to it on short
notice, and the Fund may have to buy the borrowed securities at
an unfavorable price. If this occurs at a time that other short
sellers of the same security also want to close out their
positions, a “short squeeze” can occur. A short
squeeze occurs when demand is greater than supply for the stock
sold short. A short squeeze makes it more likely that the Fund
will have to cover its short sale at an unfavorable price. If
that happens, the Fund will lose some or all of the potential
profit from, or even incur a loss as a result of, the short sale.
Until the Fund closes its short position or replaces the
borrowed security, the Fund will designate liquid assets it owns
(other than the short sales proceeds) as segregated assets to
the books of the broker and/or its custodian in an amount equal
to its obligation to purchase the securities sold short, as
required by the 1940 Act. The amount segregated in this manner
will be increased or decreased each business day equal to the
change in market value of the Fund’s obligation to purchase
the security sold short. If the lending broker requires the Fund
to deposit additional collateral (in addition to the short sales
proceeds that the broker holds during the period of the short
sale), which may be as much as 50% of the value of the
securities sold short, the amount of the additional collateral
may be deducted in determining the amount of cash or liquid
assets the Fund is required to segregate to cover the short sale
obligation pursuant to the 1940 Act. The amount segregated must
be unencumbered by any other obligation or claim other than the
obligation that is being covered. The Fund believes that short
sale obligations that are covered, either by an offsetting asset
or right (acquiring the security sold short or having an option
to purchase the security sold short at exercise price that
covers the obligation), or by the Fund’s segregated asset
procedures (or a combination thereof), are not senior securities
under the 1940 Act and are not subject to the Fund’s
borrowing restrictions. This requirement to segregate assets
limits the Fund’s leveraging of its investments and the
related risk of losses from leveraging. The Fund also is
required to pay the lender of the security any dividends or
interest that accrue on a borrowed security during the period of
the loan. Depending on the arrangements made with the broker or
custodian, the Fund may or may not receive any payments
(including interest) on collateral it has deposited with the
broker.
Short sales involve the risk that the Fund will incur a loss by
subsequently buying a security at a higher price than the price
at which the Fund previously sold the security short. Any loss
will be increased by the amount of compensation, interest or
dividends, and transaction costs the Fund must pay to a lender
of the security. In addition, because the Fund’s loss on a
short sale stems from increases in the value of the security
sold short, the extent of such loss, like the price of the
security sold short, is theoretically unlimited. By contrast,
the Fund’s loss on a long position arises from decreases in
the value of the security held by the Fund and therefore is
limited by the fact that a security’s value cannot drop
below zero.
The use of short sales, in effect, leverages the Fund’s
portfolio, which could increase the Fund’s exposure to the
market, magnify losses and increase the volatility of returns.
Although the Fund’s share price may increase if the
securities in its long portfolio increase in value more than the
securities underlying its short positions, the Fund’s share
price may decrease if the securities underlying its short
positions increase in value more than the securities in its long
portfolio.
Strategic Transactions and Derivatives. The Fund
may, but is not required to, utilize various other investment
strategies as described below for a variety of purposes, such as
enhancing return or hedging various market risks, managing the
effective maturity or duration of the fixed-income securities in
the Fund’s portfolio or enhancing potential gain. These
strategies may be executed through the use of derivative
contracts.
In the course of pursuing these investment strategies, the Fund
may purchase and sell exchange-listed and
over-the-counter put
and call options on securities, equity and fixed-income indices
and other instruments, purchase and sell futures contracts and
options thereon, enter into various transactions such as swaps,
caps, floors, collars, currency forward contracts, currency
futures contracts, currency swaps or options on currencies, or
currency futures and various other currency transactions
(collectively, all the above are called “Strategic
Transactions”). In addition, Strategic Transactions may
also include new techniques, instruments or strategies that are
permitted as regulatory changes occur. Strategic Transactions
may be used without limit (subject to certain limits imposed by
the 1940 Act) to attempt to protect against possible changes in
the market value of securities held in or to be purchased for
the Fund’s portfolio resulting from securities markets
10
or currency exchange rate fluctuations, to protect the
Fund’s unrealized gains in the value of its portfolio
securities, to facilitate the sale of such securities for
investment purposes, to manage the effective maturity or
duration of the Fund’s portfolio, or to establish a
position in the derivatives markets as a substitute for
purchasing or selling particular securities. Some Strategic
Transactions may also be used to enhance potential gain. Any or
all of these investment techniques may be used at any time and
in any combination, and there is no particular strategy that
dictates the use of one technique rather than another, as use of
any Strategic Transaction is a function of numerous variables
including market conditions. The ability of the Fund to utilize
these Strategic Transactions successfully will depend on the
Adviser’s ability to predict pertinent market movements,
which cannot be assured. The Fund will comply with applicable
regulatory requirements when implementing these strategies,
techniques and instruments. Strategic Transactions will not be
used to alter fundamental investment purposes and
characteristics of the Fund, and the Fund will segregate assets
(or as provided by applicable regulations, enter into certain
offsetting positions) to cover its obligations under options,
futures and swaps to limit leveraging of the Fund.
Strategic Transactions, including derivative contracts, have
risks associated with them including possible default by the
other party to the transaction, illiquidity and, to the extent
the Adviser’s view as to certain market movements is
incorrect, the risk that the use of such Strategic Transactions
could result in losses greater than if they had not been used.
Use of put and call options may result in losses to the Fund,
force the sale or purchase of portfolio securities at
inopportune times or for prices higher than (in the case of put
options) or lower than (in the case of call options) current
market values, limit the amount of appreciation the Fund can
realize on its investments or cause the Fund to hold a security
it might otherwise sell. The use of currency transactions can
result in the Fund incurring losses as a result of a number of
factors including the imposition of exchange controls,
suspension of settlements, or the inability to deliver or
receive a specified currency. The use of options and futures
transactions entails certain other risks. In particular, the
variable degree of correlation between price movements of
futures contracts and price movements in the related portfolio
position of the Fund creates the possibility that losses on the
hedging instrument may be greater than gains in the value of the
Fund’s position. In addition, futures and options markets
may not be liquid in all circumstances and certain
over-the-counter
options may have no markets. As a result, in certain markets,
the Fund might not be able to close out a transaction without
incurring substantial losses, if at all. Although the use of
futures and options transactions for hedging should tend to
minimize the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the
hedged position, at the same time they tend to limit any
potential gain which might result from an increase in value of
such position. Finally, the daily variation margin requirements
for futures contracts would create a greater ongoing potential
financial risk than would purchases of options, where the
exposure is limited to the cost of the initial premium. Losses
resulting from the use of Strategic Transactions would reduce
net asset value, and possibly income, and such losses can be
greater than if the Strategic Transactions had not been utilized.
General Characteristics of Options. Put options
and call options typically have similar structural
characteristics and operational mechanics regardless of the
underlying instrument on which they are purchased or sold. Thus,
the following general discussion relates to each of the
particular types of options discussed in greater detail below.
In addition, many Strategic Transactions involving options
require segregation of Fund assets in special accounts, as
described below under “Use of Segregated and Other Special
Accounts.”
A put option gives the purchaser of the option, upon payment of
a premium, the right to sell, and the writer the obligation to
buy, the underlying security, commodity, index, currency or
other instrument at the exercise price. For instance, the
Fund’s purchase of a put option on a security might be
designed to protect its holdings in the underlying instrument
(or, in some cases, a similar instrument) against a substantial
decline in the market value by giving the Fund the right to sell
such instrument at the option exercise price. A call option,
upon payment of a premium, gives the purchaser of the option the
right to buy, and the seller the obligation to sell, the
underlying instrument at the exercise price. The Fund’s
purchase of a call option on a security, financial future,
index, currency or other instrument might be intended to protect
the Fund against an increase in the price of the underlying
instrument that it intends to purchase in the future by fixing
the price at which it may purchase such instrument. An American
style put or call option may be exercised at any time
11
during the option period while a European style put or call
option may be exercised only upon expiration or during a fixed
period prior thereto. The Fund is authorized to purchase and
sell exchange listed options and
over-the-counter
options (“OTC options”). Exchange listed options are
issued by a regulated intermediary such as the Options Clearing
Corporation (“OCC”), which guarantees the performance
of the obligations of the parties to such options. The
discussion below uses the OCC as an example, but is also
applicable to other financial intermediaries.
With certain exceptions, OCC issued and exchange listed options
generally settle by physical delivery of the underlying security
or currency, although in the future cash settlement may become
available. Index options and Eurodollar instruments are cash
settled for the net amount, if any, by which the option is
“in-the-money”
(i.e., where the value of the underlying instrument exceeds, in
the case of a call option, or is less than, in the case of a put
option, the exercise price of the option) at the time the option
is exercised. Frequently, rather than taking or making delivery
of the underlying instrument through the process of exercising
the option, listed options are closed by entering into
offsetting purchase or sale transactions that do not result in
ownership of the new option.
The Fund’s ability to close out its position as a purchaser
or seller of an OCC or exchange listed put or call option is
dependent, in part, upon the liquidity of the option market.
Among the possible reasons for the absence of a liquid option
market on an exchange are: (i) insufficient trading
interest in certain options; (ii) restrictions on
transactions imposed by an exchange; (iii) trading halts,
suspensions or other restrictions imposed with respect to
particular classes or series of options or underlying securities
including reaching daily price limits; (iv) interruption of
the normal operations of the OCC or an exchange;
(v) inadequacy of the facilities of an exchange or OCC to
handle current trading volume; or (vi) a decision by one or
more exchanges to discontinue the trading of options (or a
particular class or series of options), in which event the
relevant market for that option on that exchange would cease to
exist, although outstanding options on that exchange would
generally continue to be exercisable in accordance with their
terms.
The hours of trading for listed options may not coincide with
the hours during which the underlying financial instruments are
traded. To the extent that the option markets close before the
markets for the underlying financial instruments, significant
price and rate movements can take place in the underlying
markets that cannot be reflected in the option markets.
OTC options are purchased from or sold to securities dealers,
financial institutions or other parties
(“Counterparties”) through direct bilateral agreement
with the Counterparty. In contrast to exchange listed options,
which generally have standardized terms and performance
mechanics, all the terms of an OTC option, including such terms
as method of settlement, term, exercise price, premium,
guarantees and security, are set by negotiation of the parties.
The Fund will only sell OTC options (other than OTC currency
options) that are subject to a buy-back provision permitting the
Fund to require the Counterparty to sell the option back to the
Fund at a formula price within seven days. The Fund expects
generally to enter into OTC options that have cash settlement
provisions, although it is not required to do so.
Unless the parties provide for it, there is no central clearing
or guaranty function in an OTC option. As a result, if the
Counterparty fails to make or take delivery of the security,
currency or other instrument underlying an OTC option it has
entered into with the Fund or fails to make a cash settlement
payment due in accordance with the terms of that option, the
Fund will lose any premium it paid for the option as well as any
anticipated benefit of the transaction. Accordingly, the Adviser
must assess the creditworthiness of each such Counterparty or
any guarantor or credit enhancement of the Counterparty’s
credit to determine the likelihood that the terms of the OTC
option will be satisfied. The Fund will engage in OTC option
transactions only with US government securities dealers
recognized by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York as
“primary dealers” or broker/ dealers, domestic or
foreign banks or other financial institutions which have
received (or the guarantors of the obligation of which have
received) a short-term credit rating of A-1 from S&P or P-1
from Moody’s or an equivalent rating from any nationally
recognized statistical rating organization (“NRSRO”)
or, in the case of OTC currency transactions, are determined to
be of equivalent credit quality by the Adviser. The staff of the
SEC currently takes the position that OTC options purchased by
the Fund, and portfolio
12
securities “covering” the amount of the Fund’s
obligation pursuant to an OTC option sold by it (the cost of the
sell-back plus the
in-the-money amount, if
any) are illiquid.
If the Fund sells a call option, the premium that it receives
may serve as a partial hedge, to the extent of the option
premium, against a decrease in the value of the underlying
securities or instruments in its portfolio or will increase the
Fund’s income. The sale of put options can also provide
income.
The Fund may purchase and sell call options on securities
including US Treasury and agency securities, mortgage-backed
securities, foreign sovereign debt, corporate debt securities,
equity securities (including convertible securities) and
Eurodollar instruments that are traded on US and foreign
securities exchanges and in the
over-the-counter
markets, and on securities indices, currencies and futures
contracts. All calls sold by the Fund must be
“covered” (i.e., the Fund must own the securities or
futures contract subject to the call) or must meet the asset
segregation requirements described below as long as the call is
outstanding. Even though the Fund will receive the option
premium to help protect it against loss, a call sold by the Fund
exposes the Fund during the term of the option to possible loss
of opportunity to realize appreciation in the market price of
the underlying security or instrument and may require the Fund
to hold a security or instrument which it might otherwise have
sold.
The Fund may purchase and sell put options on securities
including US Treasury and agency securities, mortgage-backed
securities, foreign sovereign debt, corporate debt securities,
equity securities (including convertible securities) and
Eurodollar instruments (whether or not it holds the above
securities in its portfolio), and on securities indices,
currencies and futures contracts other than futures on
individual corporate debt and individual equity securities. The
Fund will not sell put options if, as a result, more than 50% of
the Fund’s total assets would be required to be segregated
to cover its potential obligations under such put options other
than those with respect to futures and options thereon. In
selling put options, there is a risk that the Fund may be
required to buy the underlying security at a disadvantageous
price above the market price.
General Characteristics of Futures. The Fund may
enter into futures contracts or purchase or sell put and call
options on such futures to enhance returns or as a hedge against
anticipated interest rate, currency or equity market changes,
and for duration management and risk management purposes.
Futures are generally bought and sold on the commodities
exchanges where they are listed with payment of initial and
variation margin as described below. The sale of a futures
contract creates a firm obligation by the Fund, as seller, to
deliver to the buyer the specific type of financial instrument
called for in the contract at a specific future time for a
specified price (or, with respect to index futures and
Eurodollar instruments, the net cash amount). Options on futures
contracts are similar to options on securities except that an
option on a futures contract gives the purchaser the right in
return for the premium paid to assume a position in a futures
contract and obligates the seller to deliver such position.
The Fund has claimed exclusion from the definition of the term
“commodity pool operator” adopted by the CFTC and the
National Futures Association, which regulate trading in the
futures markets. Therefore, the Fund is not subject to commodity
pool operator registration and regulation under the Commodity
Exchange Act. Futures and options on futures may be entered into
for bona fide hedging, risk management (including duration
management) or other portfolio and return enhancement management
purposes to the extent consistent with the exclusion from
commodity pool operator registration. Typically, maintaining a
futures contract or selling an option thereon requires the Fund
to deposit with a financial intermediary as security for its
obligations an amount of cash or other specified assets (initial
margin), which initially is typically 1% to 10% of the face
amount of the contract (but may be higher in some
circumstances). Additional cash or assets (variation margin) may
be required to be deposited thereafter on a daily basis as the
mark-to-market value of the contract fluctuates. The purchase of
an option on financial futures involves payment of a premium for
the option without any further obligation on the part of the
Fund. If the Fund exercises an option on a futures contract it
will be obligated to post initial margin (and potential
subsequent variation margin) for the resulting futures position
just as it would for any position. Futures contracts and options
thereon are generally settled by entering into an offsetting
transaction but there can be no assurance that the position can
be offset prior to settlement at an advantageous price, nor that
delivery will occur.
13
Options on Securities Indices and Other Financial
Indices. The Fund also may purchase and sell call and
put options on securities indices and other financial indices
and in so doing can achieve many of the same objectives it would
achieve through the sale or purchase of options on individual
securities or other instruments. Options on securities indices
and other financial indices are similar to options on a security
or other instrument except that, rather than settling by
physical delivery of the underlying instrument, they settle by
cash settlement, i.e., an option on an index gives the holder
the right to receive, upon exercise of the option, an amount of
cash if the closing level of the index upon which the option is
based exceeds, in the case of a call, or is less than, in the
case of a put, the exercise price of the option (except if, in
the case of an OTC option, physical delivery is specified). This
amount of cash is equal to the excess of the closing price of
the index over the exercise price of the option, which also may
be multiplied by a formula value. The seller of the option is
obligated, in return for the premium received, to make delivery
of this amount. The gain or loss on an option on an index
depends on price movements in the instruments making up the
market, market segment, industry or other composite on which the
underlying index is based, rather than price movements in
individual securities, as is the case with respect to options on
securities.
Currency Transactions. The Fund may engage in
currency transactions with Counterparties primarily in order to
hedge, or manage the risk of the value of portfolio holdings
denominated in particular currencies against fluctuations in
relative value. Currency transactions include forward currency
contracts, exchange listed currency futures, exchange listed and
OTC options on currencies, and currency swaps. A forward
currency contract involves a privately negotiated obligation to
purchase or sell (with delivery generally required) a specific
currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days
from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a
price set at the time of the contract. A currency swap is an
agreement to exchange cash flows based on the notional
difference among two or more currencies and operates similarly
to an interest rate swap, which is described below. The Fund may
enter into currency transactions with Counterparties which have
received (or the guarantors of the obligations which have
received) a credit rating of
A-1 or
P-1 by S&P or
Moody’s, respectively, or that have an equivalent rating
from another NRSRO or (except for OTC currency options) are
determined to be of equivalent credit quality by the Adviser.
The Fund’s dealings in forward currency contracts and other
currency transactions such as futures, options, options on
futures and swaps generally will be limited to hedging involving
either specific transactions or portfolio positions except as
described below. Transaction hedging is entering into a currency
transaction with respect to specific assets or liabilities of
the Fund, which will generally arise in connection with the
purchase or sale of its portfolio securities or the receipt of
income therefrom. Position hedging is entering into a currency
transaction with respect to portfolio security positions
denominated or generally quoted in that currency.
The Fund generally will not enter into a transaction to hedge
currency exposure to an extent greater, after netting all
transactions intended wholly or partially to offset other
transactions, than the aggregate market value (at the time of
entering into the transaction) of the securities held in its
portfolio that are denominated or generally quoted in or
currently convertible into such currency, other than with
respect to proxy hedging or cross hedging as described below.
The Fund may also cross-hedge currencies by entering into
transactions to purchase or sell one or more currencies that are
expected to decline in value relative to other currencies to
which the Fund has or in which the Fund expects to have
portfolio exposure.
To reduce the effect of currency fluctuations on the value of
existing or anticipated holdings of portfolio securities, the
Fund may also engage in proxy hedging. Proxy hedging is often
used when the currency to which the Fund’s portfolio is
exposed is difficult to hedge or to hedge against the dollar.
Proxy hedging entails entering into a commitment or option to
sell a currency whose changes in value are generally considered
to be correlated to a currency or currencies in which some or
all of the Fund’s portfolio securities are or are expected
to be denominated, in exchange for US dollars. The amount of the
commitment or option would not exceed the value of the
Fund’s securities denominated in correlated currencies. For
example, if the Adviser considers that the Austrian schilling is
correlated to the German deutschemark (the “D-mark”),
the Fund holds securities denominated in schillings and the
Adviser believes that the value of schillings will decline
against
14
the US dollar, the Adviser may enter into a commitment or option
to sell D-marks and buy dollars. Currency hedging involves some
of the same risks and considerations as other transactions with
similar instruments. Currency transactions can result in losses
to the Fund if the currency being hedged fluctuates in value to
a degree or in a direction that is not anticipated. Further,
there is the risk that the perceived correlation between various
currencies may not be present or may not be present during the
particular time that the Fund is engaging in proxy hedging. If
the Fund enters into a currency hedging transaction, the Fund
will comply with the asset segregation requirements described
below.
Risks of Currency Transactions. Currency
transactions are subject to risks different from those of other
portfolio transactions. Because currency control is of great
importance to the issuing governments and influences economic
planning and policy, purchases and sales of currency and related
instruments can be negatively affected by government exchange
controls, blockages, and manipulations or exchange restrictions
imposed by governments. These can result in losses to the Fund
if it is unable to deliver or receive currency or funds in
settlement of obligations and could also cause hedges it has
entered into to be rendered useless, resulting in full currency
exposure as well as incurring transaction costs. Buyers and
sellers of currency futures are subject to the same risks that
apply to the use of futures generally. Further, settlement of a
currency futures contract for the purchase of most currencies
must occur at a bank based in the issuing nation. Trading
options on currency futures is relatively new, and the ability
to establish and close out positions on such options is subject
to the maintenance of a liquid market which may not always be
available. Currency exchange rates may fluctuate based on
factors extrinsic to that country’s economy.
Risks of Strategic Transactions Outside the US.
When conducted outside the US, Strategic Transactions
may not be regulated as rigorously as in the US, may not involve
a clearing mechanism and related guarantees, and are subject to
the risk of governmental actions affecting trading in, or the
prices of, foreign securities, currencies and other instruments.
The value of such positions also could be adversely affected by:
(i) other complex foreign political, legal and economic
factors, (ii) lesser availability than in the US of data on
which to make trading decisions, (iii) delays in the
Fund’s ability to act upon economic events occurring in
foreign markets during non-business hours in the US,
(iv) the imposition of different exercise and settlement
terms and procedures and margin requirements than in the US, and
(v) lower trading volume and liquidity.
Combined Transactions. The Fund may enter into
multiple transactions, including multiple options transactions,
multiple futures transactions, multiple currency transactions
(including forward currency contracts) and multiple interest
rate transactions and any combination of futures, options,
currency and interest rate transactions (“component”
transactions), instead of a single Strategic Transaction, as
part of a single or combined strategy when, in the opinion of
the Adviser, it is in the best interests of the Fund to do so. A
combined transaction will usually contain elements of risk that
are present in each of its component transactions. Although
combined transactions are normally entered into based on the
Adviser’s judgment that the combined strategies will reduce
risk or otherwise more effectively achieve the desired portfolio
management goal, it is possible that the combination will
instead increase such risks or hinder achievement of the
portfolio management objective.
Swaps, Caps, Floors and Collars. Among the
Strategic Transactions into which the Fund may enter are
interest rate, currency, index and other swaps and the purchase
or sale of related caps, floors and collars. The Fund expects to
enter into these transactions primarily to preserve a return or
spread on a particular investment or portion of its portfolio,
to protect against currency fluctuations, as a duration
management technique or to protect against any increase in the
price of securities the Fund anticipates purchasing at a later
date. The Fund will not sell interest rate caps or floors where
it does not own securities or other instruments providing the
income stream the Fund may be obligated to pay. Interest rate
swaps involve the exchange by the Fund with another party of
their respective commitments to pay or receive interest, e.g.,
an exchange of floating rate payments for fixed rate payments
with respect to a notional amount of principal. A currency swap
is an agreement to exchange cash flows on a notional amount of
two or more currencies based on the relative value differential
among them and an index swap is an agreement to swap cash flows
on a notional amount based on changes in the values of the
reference indices. The purchase of a cap entitles the purchaser
to receive payments on a notional principal amount from the
party selling such cap to the extent that a specified index
exceeds a predetermined interest rate or amount. The purchase of
a floor entitles the purchaser to receive
15
payments on a notional principal amount from the party selling
such floor to the extent that a specified index falls below a
predetermined interest rate or amount. A collar is a combination
of a cap and a floor that preserves a certain return within a
predetermined range of interest rates or values.
The Fund will usually enter into swaps on a net basis, i.e., the
two payment streams are netted out in a cash settlement on the
payment date or dates specified in the instrument, with the Fund
receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of
the two payments. Inasmuch as the Fund will segregate assets (or
enter into offsetting positions) to cover its obligations under
swaps, the Adviser and the Fund believe such obligations do not
constitute senior securities under the 1940 Act and,
accordingly, will not treat them as being subject to its
borrowing restrictions. The Fund will not enter into any swap,
cap, floor or collar transaction unless, at the time of entering
into such transaction, the unsecured long-term debt of the
Counterparty, combined with any credit enhancements, is rated at
least A by S&P or Moody’s or has an equivalent rating
from another NRSRO or is determined to be of equivalent credit
quality by the Adviser. If there is a default by the
Counterparty, the Fund may have contractual remedies pursuant to
the agreements related to the transaction. The swap market has
grown substantially in recent years with a large number of banks
and investment banking firms acting both as principals and as
agents utilizing standardized swap documentation. As a result,
the swap market has become relatively liquid. Caps, floors and
collars are more recent innovations for which standardized
documentation has not yet been fully developed and, accordingly,
they are less liquid than swaps.
The Fund may invest in credit default swaps (measured by the
notional amount of the credit default swap). A credit default
swap is a contract between a buyer and a seller of protection
against a pre-defined credit event. The buyer of protection pays
the seller a fixed regular fee provided that no event of default
on an underlying reference obligation has occurred. If an event
of default occurs, the seller must pay the buyer the full
notional value, or “par value,” of the reference
obligation in exchange for the reference obligation. Credit
default swaps are used as a means of “buying” credit
protection, i.e., attempting to mitigate the risk of default or
credit quality deterioration in some portion of the Fund’s
holdings, or “selling” credit protection, i.e.,
attempting to gain exposure to an underlying issuer’s
credit quality characteristics without directly investing in
that issuer. Where the Fund is a seller of credit protection, it
effectively adds leverage to its portfolio because, in addition,
to its total net assets, the Fund would be subject to investment
exposure on the notional amount of the swap. The Fund will only
sell credit protection with respect to securities in which it
would be authorized to invest directly. The Fund currently
considers credit default swaps to be illiquid and treats the
market value of the contract as illiquid for purposes of
determining compliance with the Fund’s restrictions on
investing in illiquid securities.
If the Fund is a buyer of a credit default swap and no event of
default occurs, the Fund will lose its investment and recover
nothing. However, if the Fund is a buyer and an event of default
occurs, the Fund will receive the full notional value of the
reference obligation that may have little or no value. As a
seller, the Fund receives a fixed rate of income through the
term of the contract (typically between six months and three
years), provided that there is no default event. If an event of
default occurs, the seller must pay the buyer the full notional
value of the reference obligation. Credit default swaps involve
greater risks than if the Fund had invested in the reference
obligation directly.
The Fund may use credit default swaps to gain exposure to
particular issuers or particular markets through investments in
portfolios of credit default swaps, such as Dow Jones CDX.NA.HY
certificates. By investing in certificates representing
interests in a basket of credit default swaps, the Fund is
taking credit risk with respect to an entity or group of
entities and providing credit protection to the swap
counterparties. For example, the CDX EM is a tradable basket of
19 credit default swaps on country credits which seeks to
replicate the returns on the indices of a broad group of
emerging markets countries. The credits are a subset of the
countries represented by the JPMorgan Emerging Markets Bond
Index Global Diversified. By purchasing interests in CDX EM, the
Fund is gaining emerging markets exposure through a single
investment. Unlike other types of credit default swaps which are
generally considered illiquid, credit default swap certificates
generally can be sold within seven days and are not subject to
the Fund’s restrictions on investing in illiquid securities.
16
US Government Securities. There are two broad
categories of US government-related debt instruments:
(a) direct obligations of the US Treasury, and
(b) securities issued or guaranteed by US government
agencies.
Examples of direct obligations of the US Treasury are
Treasury Bills, Notes, Bonds and other debt securities issued by
the US Treasury. These instruments are backed by the
“full faith and credit” of the United States. They
differ primarily in interest rates, the length of maturities and
the dates of issuance. Treasury bills have original maturities
of one year or less. Treasury notes have original maturities of
one to ten years and Treasury bonds generally have original
maturities of greater than ten years.
Some agency securities are backed by the full faith and credit
of the United States (such as Maritime Administration
Title XI Ship Financing Bonds and Agency for International
Development Housing Guarantee Program Bonds) and others are
backed only by the rights of the issuer to borrow from the US
Treasury (such as Federal Home Loan Bank Bonds and Federal
National Mortgage Association Bonds), while still others, such
as the securities of the Federal Farm Credit Bank, are supported
only by the credit of the issuer. With respect to securities
supported only by the credit of the issuing agency or by an
additional line of credit with the US Treasury, there is no
guarantee that the US government will provide support to such
agencies and such securities may involve risk of loss of
principal and interest.
US government securities may include “zero coupon”
securities that have been stripped by the US government of
their unmatured interest coupons and collateralized obligations
issued or guaranteed by a US government agency or
instrumentality.
Interest rates on US government obligations may be fixed or
variable. Interest rates on variable rate obligations are
adjusted at regular intervals, at least annually, according to a
formula reflecting then current specified standard rates, such
as 91-day US Treasury
bill rates. These adjustments generally tend to reduce
fluctuations in the market value of the securities.
The government guarantee of the US government securities in the
Fund’s portfolio does not guarantee the net asset value of
the shares of the Fund. There are market risks inherent in all
investments in securities and the value of an investment in the
Fund will fluctuate over time. Normally, the value of
investments in US government securities varies inversely
with changes in interest rates. For example, as interest rates
rise the value of investments in US government securities will
tend to decline, and as interest rates fall the value of the
Fund’s investments will tend to increase. In addition, the
potential for appreciation in the event of a decline in interest
rates may be limited or negated by increased principal
prepayments with respect to certain Mortgage-Backed Securities,
such as GNMA Certificates. Prepayments of high interest rate
Mortgage-Backed Securities during times of declining interest
rates will tend to lower the return of the Fund and may even
result in losses to the Fund if some securities were acquired at
a premium. Moreover, during periods of rising interest rates,
prepayments of Mortgage-Backed Securities may decline, resulting
in the extension of the Fund’s average portfolio maturity.
As a result, the Fund’s portfolio may experience greater
volatility during periods of rising interest rates than under
normal market conditions.
Warrants. The holder of a warrant has the right,
until the warrant expires, to purchase a given number of shares
of a particular issuer at a specified price. Such investments
can provide a greater potential for profit or loss than an
equivalent investment in the underlying security. Prices of
warrants do not necessarily move, however, in tandem with the
prices of the underlying securities and are, therefore,
considered speculative investments. Warrants pay no dividends
and confer no rights other than a purchase option. Thus, if a
warrant held by the Fund were not exercised by the date of its
expiration, the Fund would lose the entire purchase price of the
warrant.
When-Issued Securities. The Fund may from time to
time purchase equity and debt securities on a
“when-issued,” “delayed delivery” or
“forward delivery” basis. The price of such
securities, which may be expressed in yield terms, is fixed at
the time the commitment to purchase is made, but delivery and
payment for the securities takes place at a later date. During
the period between purchase and settlement, no payment is made
by the Fund to the issuer and no interest accrues to the Fund.
When the Fund purchases such securities, it immediately assumes
the risks of ownership, including the risk of price fluctuation.
Failure to
17
deliver a security purchased on this basis may result in a loss
or missed opportunity to make an alternative investment.
To the extent that assets of the Fund are held in cash pending
the settlement of a purchase of securities, the Fund would earn
no income. While such securities may be sold prior to the
settlement date, the Fund intends to purchase them with the
purpose of actually acquiring them unless a sale appears
desirable for investment reasons. At the time the Fund makes the
commitment to purchase a security on this basis, it will record
the transaction and reflect the value of the security in
determining its net asset value. The market value of the
securities may be more or less than the purchase price. The Fund
will segregate cash or liquid assets in an amount equal equal in
value to commitments for such securities.
Zero Coupon Securities. The Fund may invest in
zero coupon securities, which pay no cash income and are sold at
substantial discounts from their value at maturity. When held to
maturity, their entire income, which consists of accretion of
discount, comes from the difference between the issue price and
their value at maturity. Zero coupon securities are subject to
greater market value fluctuations from changing interest rates
than debt obligations of comparable maturities which make
current distributions of interest (cash). Zero coupon securities
which are convertible into common stock offer the opportunity
for capital appreciation as increases (or decreases) in market
value of such securities closely follow the movements in the
market value of the underlying common stock. Zero coupon
convertible securities generally are expected to be less
volatile than the underlying common stocks as they usually are
issued with maturities of 15 years or less and are issued
with options and/or redemption features exercisable by the
holder of the obligation entitling the holder to redeem the
obligation and receive a defined cash payment.
Zero coupon securities include municipal securities, securities
issued directly by the US Treasury, and US Treasury bonds or
notes and their unmatured interest coupons and receipts for
their underlying principal (“coupons”) which have been
separated by their holder, typically a custodian bank or
investment brokerage firm, from the underlying principal (the
“corpus”) of the US Treasury security. A number of
securities firms and banks have stripped the interest coupons
and receipts and then resold them in custodial receipt programs
with a number of different names, including Treasury Income
Growth Receipts
(“TIGRStm”)
and Certificate of Accrual on Treasuries
(“CATStm”).
The underlying US Treasury bonds and notes themselves are held
in book-entry form at the Federal Reserve Bank or, in the case
of bearer securities (i.e., unregistered securities which are
owned ostensibly by the bearer or holder thereof), in trust on
behalf of the owners thereof. Counsel to the underwriters of
these certificates or other evidences of ownership of the US
Treasury securities have stated that, for federal tax and
securities purposes, in their opinion purchasers of such
certificates, such as the Fund, most likely will be deemed the
beneficial holder of the underlying US Government
securities. The Fund intends to adhere to the current SEC staff
position that privately stripped obligations should not be
considered US government securities for the purpose of
determining if the Fund is “diversified” under the
1940 Act.
The US Treasury has facilitated transfers of ownership of
zero coupon securities by accounting separately for the
beneficial ownership of particular interest coupon and corpus
payments on Treasury securities through the Federal Reserve
book-entry record-keeping system. The Federal Reserve program,
as established by the Treasury Department, is known as
“STRIPS” or “Separate Trading of Registered
Interest and Principal of Securities.” Under the STRIPS
program, the Fund will be able to have its beneficial ownership
of zero coupon securities recorded directly in the book-entry
record-keeping system in lieu of having to hold certificates or
other evidences of ownership of the underlying US Treasury
securities.
When US Treasury obligations have been stripped of their
unmatured interest coupons by the holder, the principal or
corpus is sold at a deep discount because the buyer receives
only the right to receive a future fixed payment on the security
and does not receive any rights to periodic interest
(cash) payments. Once stripped or separated, the corpus and
coupons may be sold separately. Typically, the coupons are sold
separately or grouped with other coupons with like maturity
dates and sold bundled in such form. Purchasers of stripped
obligations acquire, in effect, discount obligations that are
economically identical to the zero coupon securities that the
Treasury sells.
Use of Segregated and Other Special Accounts. Many
Strategic Transactions, in addition to other requirements,
require that the Fund segregates cash or liquid assets with its
custodian to the extent that
18
obligations are not otherwise “covered” through
ownership of the underlying security, financial instrument or
currency. In general, either the full amount of any obligation
by the Fund to pay or deliver securities or assets must be
covered at all times by the securities, instruments or currency
required to be delivered, or, subject to any regulatory
restrictions, an amount of cash or liquid assets at least equal
to the current amount of the obligation must be segregated with
the custodian. The segregated assets cannot be sold or
transferred unless equivalent assets are substituted in their
place or it is no longer necessary to segregate them. For
example, a call option written by the Fund will require the Fund
to hold the securities subject to the call (or securities
convertible into the needed securities without additional
consideration) or to segregate cash or liquid assets sufficient
to purchase and deliver the securities if the call is exercised.
A call option sold by the Fund on an index will require the Fund
to own portfolio securities which correlate with the index or to
segregate cash or liquid assets equal to the excess of the index
value over the exercise price on a current basis. A put option
written by the Fund requires the Fund to segregate cash or
liquid assets equal to the exercise price.
Except when the Fund enters into a forward contract for the
purchase or sale of a security denominated in a particular
currency, which requires no segregation, a currency contract
which obligates the Fund to buy or sell currency will generally
require the Fund to hold an amount of that currency or liquid
assets denominated in that currency equal to the Fund’s
obligations or to segregate liquid assets equal to the amount of
the Fund’s obligation.
OTC options entered into by the Fund, including those on
securities, currency, financial instruments or indices and OCC
issued and exchange listed index options, will generally provide
for cash settlement. As a result, when the Fund sells these
instruments it will only segregate an amount of cash or liquid
assets equal to its accrued net obligations, as there is no
requirement for payment or delivery of amounts in excess of the
net amount. These amounts will equal 100% of the exercise price
in the case of a non cash-settled put, the same as an OCC
guaranteed listed option sold by the Fund, or the
in-the-money amount
plus any sell-back formula amount in the case of a cash-settled
put or call. In addition, when the Fund sells a call option on
an index at a time when the
in-the-money amount
exceeds the exercise price, the Fund will segregate, until the
option expires or is closed out, cash or cash equivalents equal
in value to such excess. OCC issued and exchange listed options
sold by the Fund other than those above generally settle with
physical delivery, or with an election of either physical
delivery or cash settlement and the Fund will segregate an
amount of cash or liquid assets equal to the full value of the
option. OTC options settling with physical delivery, or with an
election of either physical delivery or cash settlement will be
treated the same as other options settling with physical
delivery.
In the case of a futures contract or an option thereon, the Fund
must deposit initial margin and possible daily variation margin
in addition to segregating cash or liquid assets sufficient to
meet its obligation to purchase or provide securities or
currencies, or to pay the amount owed at the expiration of an
index-based futures contract. Such liquid assets may consist of
cash, cash equivalents, liquid debt or equity securities or
other acceptable assets.
With respect to swaps, the Fund will accrue the net amount of
the excess, if any, of its obligations over its entitlements
with respect to each swap on a daily basis and will segregate an
amount of cash or liquid securities having a value equal to the
accrued excess. Caps, floors and collars require segregation of
assets with a value equal to the Fund’s net obligation, if
any.
Strategic Transactions may be covered by other means when
consistent with applicable regulatory policies. The Fund may
also enter into offsetting transactions so that its combined
position, coupled with any segregated cash or liquid assets,
equals its net outstanding obligation in related options and
Strategic Transactions. For example, the Fund could purchase a
put option if the strike price of that option is the same or
higher than the strike price of a put option sold by the Fund.
Moreover, instead of segregating assets if the Fund held a
futures or forward contract, it could purchase a put option on
the same futures or forward contract with a strike price as high
or higher than the price of the contract held. Other Strategic
Transactions may also be offset in combinations. If the
offsetting transaction terminates at the time of or after the
primary transaction no segregation is required, but if it
terminates prior to such time, cash or liquid assets equal to
any remaining obligation would need to be segregated.
19
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
Investment Adviser
Deutsche Investment Management Americas Inc., which is part of
Deutsche Asset Management (“DeAM”), is the investment
adviser for the Fund pursuant to an Investment Management
Agreement with the Fund (the “Investment Management
Agreement”). DeIM is headquartered at 345 Park Avenue, New
York, New York. Under the oversight of the Board of Directors of
the Fund, DeIM manages the Fund’s daily investment affairs
subject to the policies established by the Fund’s Board of
Directors. DeIM and its predecessors have more than
80 years of experience managing mutual funds. DeIM provides
a full range of investment advisory services to institutional
and retail clients.
DeAM is the marketing name in the US for the asset management
activities of Deutsche Bank AG, DeIM, DeAM, Deutsche Bank Trust
Company Americas and DWS Trust Company. DeAM is a global asset
management organization that offers a wide range of investing
expertise and resources, including hundreds of portfolio
managers and analysts, and an office network that reaches the
world’s major investment centers. This well-resourced
global investment platform brings together a wide variety of
experience and investment insight, across industries, regions,
asset classes and investing styles. DeIM is an indirect,
wholly-owned subsidiary of Deutsche Bank AG. Deutsche Bank AG is
a major global banking institution that is engaged in a wide
range of financial services, including investment management,
mutual fund, retail, private and commercial banking, investment
banking and insurance.
The Directors of the Fund have overall responsibility for the
management of the Fund under Maryland law.
The Investment Adviser provides investment counsel for many
individuals and institutions, including insurance companies,
industrial corporations, and financial and banking
organizations, as well as providing investments, advice to open-
and closed-end SEC registered funds.
Investment Management Agreement
Under the Investment Management Agreement, the Investment
Adviser has the responsibility to provide continuous investment
management of the assets of the Fund in accordance with the
investment objective, policies and restrictions of the Fund and
applicable law. To the extent not monitored by the Fund’s
administrator or other agent, the Investment Adviser is
responsible for monitoring the Fund’s compliance with
investment and tax guidelines and other compliance policies. For
its services under the Investment Management Agreement, the Fund
pays the Investment Adviser a monthly management fee computed at
the annual rate of 1.00% of the average daily Managed Assets of
the Fund. “Managed Assets” means the average daily
total assets, including the assets attributable to leverage,
minus liabilities (other than debt related to financial
leverage). In addition to the monthly advisory fee, the Fund
pays all other costs and expenses of its operations, including
compensation of its Independent Directors, custodian, transfer
agency and dividend disbursing expenses, legal fees, expenses of
independent auditors, expenses of repurchasing shares, expenses
of any leverage, listing expenses, expenses of preparing,
printing and distributing shareholder reports, notices, proxy
statements and reports to governmental agencies, and taxes, if
any. If the Fund determines to use leverage, the fees paid to
the Investment Adviser for investment management services will
be higher than if the Fund did not use leverage because the fees
paid will be calculated based on the Fund’s Managed Assets,
which would include assets attributable to leverage. Because the
fees paid to the Investment Adviser are determined on the basis
of the Fund’s Managed Assets, the Investment Adviser’s
interest in determining whether to leverage the Fund may differ
from the interests of the Fund.
The Investment Management Agreement provides that the Investment
Adviser shall not be liable for any act or omission in the
course of, connected with or arising out of any services to be
rendered under the Investment Management Agreement, except by
reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on
the part of the Investment Adviser in the performance of its
duties or from reckless disregard by the Investment Adviser of
its obligations and duties under the Investment Management
Agreement.
20
The Investment Management Agreement will remain in effect for an
initial term ending September 30, 2008 (unless sooner
terminated), and shall remain in effect from year to year
thereafter if approved annually (1) by the Fund’s
Board of Directors or by the holders of a majority of the
Fund’s outstanding voting securities and (2) by a
majority of the independent directors who are not parties to
such contract or agreement. The Investment Management Agreement
will terminate upon assignment by any party and is terminable,
without penalty, on 60 days’ written notice by the
Fund’s Board of Directors or by vote of a majority of the
outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act)
of the Fund or upon 90 days’ written notice by the
Investment Adviser.
Under a separate agreement between Deutsche Bank AG and the
Fund, Deutsche Bank AG has granted a license to the Fund to
utilize the trademark “DWS.”
In reviewing the terms of the Investment Management Agreement
and in discussions with the Investment Adviser concerning the
Investment Management Agreement, the Directors of the Fund who
are not “interested persons” of the Investment Adviser
are represented by independent counsel at the Fund’s
expense.
Officers and employees of the Investment Adviser from time to
time may have transactions with various banks, including the
Fund’s custodian bank. It is the Investment Adviser’s
opinion that the terms and conditions of those transactions
which have occurred were not influenced by existing or potential
custodial or other Fund relationships.
Subadviser and
Sub-Advisory
Agreement
Dreman Value Management LLC, 520 East Cooper Avenue
230-4, Aspen, Colorado
81611, is the subadviser for the Fund. Dreman serves as
Subadviser pursuant to the terms of a
Sub-Advisory Agreement
between it and the Investment Adviser (the
“Sub-Advisory
Agreement”). Dreman was formed in April 1977 and is
controlled by David N. Dreman through family trusts.
Pursuant to the
Sub-Advisory Agreement,
Dreman, under the oversight of the Fund’s Board of
Directors and the supervision of the Investment Adviser,
provides a continuous investment program for the Fund’s
portfolio, provides investment research and makes and executes
recommendations for the purchase and sale of securities. Under
the Sub-Advisory
Agreement, the Investment Adviser pays Dreman a monthly fee at
an annual rate of 0.425% of the Fund’s average daily
Managed Assets for the first three years of the Fund’s
operations, 0.575% of the Fund’s average daily Managed
Assets for the next three years and 0.500% of the Fund’s
average daily Managed Assets thereafter.
The Agreement further provides that, notwithstanding the
foregoing schedule, the Investment Adviser has agreed to pay
Dreman a minimum annual fee in the amount of $2.5 million for a
period of six years following the commencement of operations.
The minimum fee shall be reduced by the applicable fee rate
above, multiplied by the difference between (i) the
Fund’s net assets immediately following the closing of the
initial public offering of common stock, and (ii) and the
Fund’s average daily Managed Assets for the applicable
twelve-month period plus prior capital gains distributions that
have not been reinvested in newly issued shares of the Fund
pursuant to the Dividend Reinvestment and Cash Purchase Plan
(assuming the difference is greater than zero).
The Sub-Advisory Agreement further provides that, consistent
with its fiduciary duties to the Fund and to the extent the
Investment Adviser believes it to be in the best interest of the
Fund, the Investment Adviser shall not for a period of ten (10)
years recommend termination of the Sub-Advisory Agreement and
shall not cause itself not to act as investment adviser to the
Fund if such event would result in the termination of the
Sub-Advisory Agreement. If the Investment Adviser breaches this
provision, the Subadviser is entitled to certain minimum
payments under the Agreement subject to certain limited
exceptions. The Agreement provides that the minimum payment
provisions shall not apply if the Sub-Advisory Agreement is
terminated for Cause or as a result of the Investment
Adviser’s sale of its business to a third party, provided
that the Investment Adviser does not enter into a new investment
advisory agreement with such party. The term “Cause”
includes (i) a failure of the Board of Directors to renew
the Investment Management Agreement,
21
(ii) upon the departure or incapacity of the lead portfolio
manager of the Fund, the failure of the Subadviser to replace
such person with another person of appropriate expertise and
experience, (iii) the failure of the Subadviser to maintain
performance, as measure on a rolling five-year basis, at least
equal to the average annual return of the Benchmark less five
hundred basis points (5%) (the Benchmark shall be the weighted
average performance of the following indices: Tremont Long/short
Index (25%), CSFB High Yield Index (40%) and the Dow Jones
Utility Index (35%)), (iv) the Subadviser’s breach of
the Sub-Advisory Agreement in any material respect, or
(v) the Subadviser is legally prohibited from serving as an
investment adviser to an investment company. These provisions
create a potential conflict of interest for the Investment
Adviser because a recommendation to terminate the Subadviser
could have adverse financial consequences to the Investment
Adviser.
The Sub-Advisory
Agreement provides that Dreman will not be liable for any error
of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the
Fund in connection with matters to which the
Sub-Advisory Agreement
relates, except a loss resulting from willful misfeasance, bad
faith or gross negligence on the part of Dreman in the
performance of its duties or from reckless disregard by Dreman
of its obligations and duties under the
Sub-Advisory Agreement.
The Sub-Advisory
Agreement for the Fund remain in effect until September 30,
2008, unless sooner terminated or not annually approved as
described below. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the
Sub-Advisory Agreement
shall continue in effect through September 30, 2008, and
year to year thereafter, but only as long as such continuance is
specifically approved at least annually (a) by a majority
of the directors, including a majority of directors who are not
parties to such agreement or interested persons of any such
party except in their capacity as directors of the Fund, or
(b) by a majority of the outstanding voting securities of
the Fund. The
Sub-Advisory Agreement
may be terminated at any time upon 60 days’ notice by
the Investment Adviser or by the Board of the Fund or by
majority vote of the outstanding shares of the Fund, and will
terminate automatically upon its assignment or upon termination
of the Investment Advisory Agreement.
Dreman may terminate the
Sub-Advisory Agreement
for the Fund upon 90 days’ notice to the Investment
Adviser.
Compensation of Portfolio Managers
The Subadviser believes it has implemented a highly competitive
compensation plan which seeks to attract and retain exceptional
investment professionals who have demonstrated that they can
consistently outperform their respective fund’s benchmark.
The compensation plan is comprised of both a fixed component and
a variable component. The variable component is determined by
assessing the investment professional’s performance
measured utilizing both quantitative and qualitative factors.
The Subadviser’s investment professionals are each paid a
fixed base salary that is determined based on their job function
and responsibilities. The base salary is deemed to be
competitive with the marketplace and specifically with salaries
in the financial services industry by utilizing various salary
surveys compiled for the financial services industry
specifically investment advisory firms. The variable component
of the Subadviser’s compensation plan which takes the form
of a cash bonus combined with either stock appreciation rights
grants or outright stock grants is discretionary and is designed
to reward and retain investment professionals including
portfolio managers and research analysts for their contributions
to a portfolio’s performance relative to its benchmark.
Investment professionals may receive equity in the form of units
or fractional units of membership interest in the Subadviser or
they may receive stock appreciation rights, which enable them to
participate in the growth of the firm. The Subadviser’s
membership units are valued based on a multiple of net profits
so grants of stock appreciation rights which vest over a
specified term will result in additional compensation as net
profits increase. Investment professionals also participate in
the Subadviser’s profit sharing plan, a defined
contribution plan that allows the Subadviser to contribute up to
twenty-five percent of an employee’s total compensation,
subject to various regulatory limitations, to each
employee’s profit sharing account. The Subadviser’s
profit sharing plan is a non-discriminatory plan that benefits
all employees of the firm including both portfolio managers and
research analysts. Contributions to the subadviser’s profit
sharing plan vest over a
22
specified term. Finally, all employees of the Subadviser,
including investment professionals, receive additional fringe
benefits in the form of subsidized medical and dental and
group-term and life insurance coverage.
The basis for determining the variable component of an
investment professional’s total compensation is determined
through a subjective process that evaluates an investment
professional’s performance against several quantitative and
qualitative factors including the following:
|
|
|
|
• |
Relative ranking of the Fund’s performance against its
peers in the one, three and five year pre-tax investment
performance categories. The Fund’s performance is evaluated
against peers in its fund category and performance is ranked
from one to four on a declining scale depending on the quartile
in which the portfolio manager’s absolute performance
falls. The portfolio manager is rewarded on a graduated scale
for outperforming relative to his peers. |
|
|
• |
Relative performance of the Fund’s performance against the
pre-determined indices for the product strategy against which a
portfolio’s performance is measured. The portfolio manager
is rewarded on a graduated scale for outperforming relative to
the Fund’s benchmark index. |
|
|
|
• |
Performance of the Fund measured through attribution analysis
models, which analyze the portfolio manager’s contribution
from both an asset allocation or sector allocation perspective
and security selection perspective. This factor evaluates how
the investment professional performs in linking performance with
the client’s investment objective including investment
parameters and risk and return objectives. This factor may
include some qualitative characteristics. |
|
|
|
|
|
• |
Ability to work well with other members of the investment
professional team and mentor junior members. |
|
|
• |
Contributions to the organizational overall success with new
product strategies. |
|
|
• |
Other factors such as contributing to the team in a leadership
role and by being responsive to requests for assistance. |
The following table identifies the Fund’s portfolio
managers, their role in managing the portfolio and their length
of investment experience and business experience over the last
five years.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Length of Investment |
|
|
Name & Title |
|
Experience |
|
Business Experience |
|
|
|
|
|
David N. Dreman, Lead Portfolio Manager
|
|
Over 30 Years |
|
Chairman & Chief Investment Officer of
Dreman & predecessor firms since 1977 |
F. James Hutchinson, Portfolio Manager
|
|
Over 30 Years |
|
Managing Director and Executive Vice President of Dreman since
2000 |
This information is provided as of September 30, 2006.
Fund Ownership of Portfolio Managers
The following table shows the dollar range of shares owned
beneficially and of record by each member of the Fund’s
portfolio management team in the Fund including investments by
their immediate family members sharing the same household and
amounts invested through retirement and deferred compensation
plans. This information is provided as of September 30,
2006.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dollar Range of Fund |
|
Dollar Range of DWS |
Name of Portfolio Manager |
|
Shares Owned |
|
Fund Shares Owned |
|
|
|
|
|
David N. Dreman
|
|
|
None |
|
|
Over $1 million |
F. James Hutchinson
|
|
|
None |
|
|
None |
23
Conflicts of Interest
In addition to managing the assets of the Fund, the Fund’s
portfolio managers may have responsibility for managing other
client accounts of the Subadviser or its affiliates. The tables
below show, for each portfolio manager, the number and asset
size of (1) SEC registered investment companies (or series
thereof) other than the Fund, (2) pooled investment
vehicles that are not registered investment companies and
(3) other accounts (e.g., accounts managed for individuals
or organizations) managed by each portfolio manager. The tables
also show the number of performance-based fee accounts, as well
as the total assets of the accounts for which the advisory fee
is based on the performance of the account. This information is
provided as of the September 30, 2006.
Other SEC Registered Investment Companies Managed:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of |
|
|
|
|
Number of | |
|
Total Assets of | |
|
Investment |
|
Total Assets of |
|
|
Registered | |
|
Registered | |
|
Companies |
|
Performance- |
|
|
Investment | |
|
Investment | |
|
with Performance- |
|
Based Fee |
Name of Portfolio Manager |
|
Companies | |
|
Companies | |
|
Based Fee |
|
Accounts |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
David N. Dreman
|
|
|
19 |
|
|
$ |
14.4 billion |
|
|
None |
|
None |
F. James Hutchinson
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
$ |
11.7 billion |
|
|
None |
|
None |
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles Managed:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pooled Investment |
|
Total Assets of |
|
|
Number of | |
|
Total Assets of |
|
Vehicles |
|
Performance- |
|
|
Pooled Investment | |
|
Pooled Investment |
|
with Performance- |
|
Based Fee |
Name of Portfolio Manager |
|
Vehicles | |
|
Vehicles |
|
Based Fee |
|
Accounts |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
David N. Dreman
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
$60 million |
|
3 |
|
$60 million |
F. James Hutchinson
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
None |
|
None |
|
None |
Other Accounts Managed:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of |
|
Total Assets of |
|
|
Number of | |
|
|
|
Other Accounts |
|
Performance- |
|
|
Other | |
|
Total Assets of |
|
with Performance- |
|
Based Fee |
Name of Portfolio Manager |
|
Accounts | |
|
Other Accounts |
|
Based Fee |
|
Accounts |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
David N. Dreman
|
|
|
114 |
|
|
$4.1 billion |
|
None |
|
None |
F. James Hutchinson
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
None |
|
None |
|
None |
The Subadviser manages clients’ accounts using a contrarian
value investment strategy. For both its large capitalization and
small capitalization strategies, the Subadviser utilizes a model
portfolio and rebalances clients accounts whenever changes are
made to the model portfolio. In addition the Subadviser
aggregates its trades and seeks to allocate the trades to all
clients’ accounts in an equitable manner. The Subadviser
strongly believes aggregating its orders protects all clients
from being disadvantaged by price or time execution. The model
portfolio approach and the trade aggregation policy of the
Subadviser eliminates any potential or apparent conflicts of
interest that could arise when a portfolio manager has
day-to-day portfolio
management responsibilities with respect to more than one fund
or account. The Subadviser does not receive any
performance-based fees from any of its accounts with the
exception of a hedge fund that is managed by an affiliated firm.
However, the hedge funds are treated like any other client
account and trades done for the hedge fund are generally
aggregated with trades done for other client accounts.
The Subadviser’s investment professionals are compensated
in the same manner for all client accounts irrespective of the
type of account.
In addition to the accounts above, an investment professional
may manage accounts in a personal capacity that may include
holdings that are similar to, or the same as, those of the Fund.
The Subadviser has in place a Code of Ethics that is designed to
address conflicts of interest and that, among other things,
imposes
24
restrictions on the ability of portfolio managers and other
“access persons” to invest in securities that may be
recommended or traded in the Fund and other client accounts.
Administrator
DeIM also serves as the Fund’s administrator (the
“Administrator”) pursuant to an Administrative
Services Agreement. Pursuant to the Administrative Services
Agreement, the Administrator provides administrative services to
the Fund including, among others, providing the Fund with
personnel, preparing and making required filings on behalf of
the Fund, maintaining books and records for the Fund, fund
accounting services for the Fund, and monitoring the valuation
of Fund securities. For all services provided under the
Administrative Services Agreement, the Fund pays the
Administrator a fee, computed daily and paid monthly, at an
annual rate of 0.10% of the Fund’s average daily Managed
Assets.
Under the Administrative Services Agreement, the Administrator
is obligated on a continuous basis to provide such
administrative services as the Board of the Fund reasonably
deems necessary for the proper administration of the Fund. The
Administrator provides the Fund with personnel; arranges for the
preparation and filing of the Fund’s tax returns; prepares
and submits reports and meeting materials to the Board and the
shareholders; prepares and files registration statements of the
Fund; maintains the Fund’s records; provides the Fund with
office space, equipment and services; supervises, negotiates the
contracts of and monitors the performance of third parties
contractors; oversees the tabulation of proxies; monitors the
valuation of portfolio securities and monitors compliance with
Board-approved valuation procedures; assists in establishing the
accounting and tax policies of the Fund; assists in the
resolution of accounting issues that may arise with respect to
the Fund; establishes and monitors the Fund’s operating
expense budgets; reviews and processes the Fund’s bills;
assists in determining the amount of dividends and distributions
available to be paid by the Fund, prepares and arranges dividend
notifications and provides information to agents to effect
payments thereof; provides to the Board periodic and special
reports; provides assistance with investor and public relations
matters; and monitors the registration of shares under
applicable federal and state law. The Administrator also
performs certain fund accounting services under the
Administrative Services Agreement. The Administrative Services
Agreement provides that the Administrator will not be liable
under the Administrative Services Agreement except for willful
misfeasance, bad faith or negligence in the performance of its
duties or from the reckless disregard by it of its duties and
obligations thereunder.
Pursuant to an agreement between the Administrator and State
Street Bank and Trust Company (“SSB”), the Investment
Adviser has delegated certain administrative functions to SSB.
The costs and expenses of such delegation are borne by the
Administrator, not by the Fund.
Codes of Ethics
The Fund, DeAM, Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. and the Subadviser
have each adopted Codes of Ethics under
Rule 17j-1 under
the 1940 Act. Board members, officers of the Fund, employees of
DeAM and employees of the Subadviser are permitted to make
personal securities transactions, including transactions in
securities that may be purchased or held by the Fund, subject to
requirements and restrictions set forth in the applicable Code
of Ethics. The Codes of Ethics contain provisions and
requirements designed to identify and address certain conflicts
of interest between personal investment activities and the
interests of the Fund. Among other things, the Codes of Ethics
prohibit certain types of transactions absent prior approval,
impose time periods during which personal transactions may not
be made in certain securities, and require the submission of
duplicate broker confirmations and quarterly reporting of
securities transactions. Additional restrictions apply to
portfolio managers, traders, research analysts and others
involved in the investment advisory process. Exceptions to these
and other provisions of the Codes of Ethics may be granted in
particular circumstances after review by appropriate personnel.
The Codes of Ethics may be inspected or obtained from the
SEC’s public reference room. See “Additional
Information” at page 45.
25
FUND SERVICE PROVIDERS
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Ernst & Young LLP (“E&Y”),
200 Clarendon Street, Boston, MA 02116, has been
appointed as the independent registered public accounting firm
for the Fund. E&Y audits the financial statements of the
Fund and provides other audit, tax and related services. The
financial statements of the Fund as
of ,
2006 appearing in this SAI have been audited by E&Y, as set
forth in their report thereon appearing elsewhere herein, and is
included in reliance upon such report given upon the authority
of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
Legal Counsel
Vedder, Price, Kaufman and Kammholz, P.C., 222 North
LaSalle Street, Chicago, Illinois 60601, serves as legal
counsel to the Fund and its Independent Directors.
Custodian, Transfer Agent and Dividend-Disbursing Agent
State Street Bank and Trust Company (the “Custodian”)
serves as the custodian of the Fund’s assets pursuant to a
custody agreement. Under the custody agreement, the Custodian
holds the Fund’s assets in compliance with the 1940 Act.
For its services, the Custodian will receive a monthly fee based
upon, among other things, the average value of the total assets
of the Fund, plus certain charges for securities transactions.
DWS Scudder Investments Service Company(“DWS-SISC”),
an affiliate of DeIM, serves as the dividend-disbursing agent
and transfer agent for the Fund. Pursuant to a sub-transfer
agency agreement between DWS-SISC and DST Systems, Inc.
(“DST”), DWS-SISC has delegated certain transfer agent
and dividend paying agent functions to DST. The costs and
expenses of such delegation are born by DWS-SISC, not by the
Fund.
State Street Bank and Trust Company is located at
225 Franklin Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02109.
DWS-SISC is located at 210 W. 10th Street, Kansas
City, Missouri 64105-1614.
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS
The Subadviser is generally responsible for placing the orders
for the purchase and sale of portfolio securities, including the
allocation of brokerage.
The policy of the Subadviser in placing orders for the purchase
and sale of securities for the Fund is to seek best execution,
taking into account such factors, among others, as price;
commission (where applicable); the broker-dealer’s ability
to ensure that securities will be delivered on settlement date;
the willingness of the broker-dealer to commit its capital and
purchase a thinly traded security for its own inventory; whether
the broker-dealer specializes in block orders or large program
trades; the broker-dealer’s knowledge of the market and the
security; the broker-dealer’s ability to maintain
confidentiality; the financial condition of the broker-dealer;
and whether the broker-dealer has the infrastructure and
operational capabilities to execute and settle the trade. The
Subadviser seeks to evaluate the overall reasonableness of
brokerage commissions with commissions charged on comparable
transactions and compares the brokerage commissions (if any)
paid by the Fund to reported commissions paid by others. The
Subadviser routinely reviews commission rates, execution and
settlement services performed and makes internal and external
comparisons.
Commission rates on transactions in equity securities on US
securities exchanges are subject to negotiation. Commission
rates on transactions in equity securities on foreign securities
exchanges are generally fixed. Purchases and sales of
fixed-income securities and other
over-the-counter
securities are effected on a net basis, without the payment of
brokerage commissions.
Transactions in fixed income and other
over-the-counter
securities are generally placed by the Subadviser with the
principal market makers for these securities unless the
Subadviser reasonably believes more favorable results are
available elsewhere. Transactions with dealers serving as market
makers reflect the spread between the bid and asked prices.
Purchases of underwritten issues will include an underwriting
fee paid to the
26
underwriter. Money market instruments are normally purchased in
principal transactions directly from the issuer or from an
underwriter or market maker. It is likely that the
broker-dealers selected based on the considerations described in
this section will include firms that also sell shares of DWS
funds to their customers. However, the Subadviser does not
consider sales of shares of DWS funds as a factor in the
selection of broker-dealers to execute portfolio transactions
for the Fund and, accordingly, has implemented policies and
procedures reasonably designed to prevent its traders from
considering sales of shares of DWS funds as a factor in the
selection of broker-dealers to execute portfolio transactions
for the Fund.
The Subadviser is permitted by Section 28(e) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
(“1934 Act”), when placing portfolio transactions
for a Fund, to cause the Fund to pay brokerage commissions in
excess of that which another broker-dealer might charge for
executing the same transaction in order to obtain research and
brokerage services. Currently, the Subadviser, however, does not
as a matter of policy execute transactions with broker-dealers
for the Funds in order to obtain research from such
broker-dealers that is prepared by third parties (i.e.,
“third party research”). However, the Subadviser may
from time to time, in reliance on Section 28(e) of the
1934 Act, obtain proprietary research prepared by the
executing broker-dealer in connection with a transaction or
transactions through that broker-dealer (i.e., “proprietary
research”). Consistent with the Subadviser’s policy
regarding best execution, where more than one broker is believed
to be capable of providing best execution for a particular
trade, the Subadviser may take into consideration the receipt of
proprietary research in selecting the broker-dealer to execute
the trade. Proprietary research provided by broker-dealers may
include, but is not limited to, information on the economy,
industries, groups of securities, individual companies,
statistical information, accounting and tax law interpretations,
political developments, legal developments affecting portfolio
securities, technical market action, pricing and appraisal
services, credit analysis, risk measurement analysis,
performance analysis and measurement and analysis of corporate
responsibility issues. Proprietary research is typically
received in the form of written reports, telephone contacts and
personal meetings with security analysts, but may also be
provided in the form of access to various computer software and
associated hardware, and meetings arranged with corporate and
industry representatives. To the extent consistent with the
interpretations of Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act, the
Subadviser may also select broker-dealers and obtain from them
brokerage services in the form of software and/or hardware that
is used in connection with executing trades. Typically, this
computer software and/or hardware is used by the Subadviser to
facilitate trading activity with those broker-dealers.
Research and brokerage services received from a broker-dealer
chosen to execute a particular trade may be useful to the
Subadviser in providing services to clients other than the Fund
making the trade, and not all such information is used by the
Subadviser in connection with the Fund. Conversely, such
information provided to the Subadviser by broker-dealers through
which other clients of the Subadviser effect securities
transactions may be useful to the Subadviser in providing
services to the Fund.
The Subadviser will monitor regulatory developments and market
practice in the use of client commissions to obtain research and
brokerage services, whether proprietary or third party.
Investment decisions for the Fund and for other investment
accounts managed by the Subadviser are made independently of
each other in light of differing conditions. However, the same
investment decision may be made for two or more of such
accounts. In such cases, simultaneous transactions are
inevitable. To the extent permitted by law, the Subadviser may
aggregate the securities to be sold or purchased for the Fund
with those to be sold or purchased for other accounts in
executing transactions. Purchases or sales are then averaged as
to price and commission and allocated as to amount in a manner
deemed equitable to each account. While in some cases this
practice could have a detrimental effect on the price paid or
received by, or on the size of the position obtained or disposed
of for, the Fund, in other cases it is believed that the ability
to engage in volume transactions will be beneficial to the Fund.
The Subadviser and the investment team of the Fund manage other
investment companies and separate accounts on a
long-only basis. The
simultaneous management of long and short portfolios creates
potential conflicts of interest including the risk that short
sale activity could adversely affect the market value of the
long positions (and vice versa), the risk arising from
sequential orders in long and short positions, and the risks
27
associated with receiving opposing orders at the same time. The
Subadviser has adopted procedures that it believes are
reasonably designed to mitigate these potential conflicts of
interest.
Deutsche Bank AG or one of its affiliates (or in the case of the
Subadviser, one of its affiliates) may act as a broker for the
Fund and receive brokerage commissions or other
transaction-related compensation from the Funds in the purchase
and sale of securities, options or futures contracts when, in
the judgment of the Subadviser, and in accordance with
procedures approved by the Fund’s Board, the affiliated
broker will be able to obtain a price and execution at least as
favorable as those obtained from other qualified brokers and if,
in the transaction, the affiliated broker charges the Fund a
rate consistent with that charged to comparable unaffiliated
customers in similar transactions.
The Fund intends to maintain a prime brokerage arrangement to
facilitate short sale transactions pursuant to a tri-party
agreement between the Fund, the Custodian and the prime broker.
A prime broker may provide, and the current prime broker of the
Fund is expected to provide, services to the Fund in connection
with the lending, short selling facilities and related services
the prime broker provides to the Fund and other clients. As a
result of these services, the Subadviser may have an incentive
to use the prime broker to effect transactions for the Fund or
to accept less favorable pricing for prime brokerage services
(including interest and similar charges on short positions).
DIVIDENDS
Commencing with the first dividend, the Fund intends to
distribute all or a portion of its net investment income monthly
to holders of common stock. The Fund expects to declare its
initial monthly dividend within 60 days and pay its initial
monthly dividend within 80 days after the completion of
this offering, depending upon market conditions. Dividends and
distributions may be payable in cash or common stock, with the
option to receive stock in lieu of cash. The Fund may at times,
in its discretion, pay out less than the entire amount of net
investment income earned in any particular period and may at
times pay out such accumulated undistributed income in addition
to net investment income earned in other periods in order to
permit the Fund to maintain a more stable level of
distributions. As a result, the dividend paid by the Fund to
holders of common stock for any particular period may be more or
less than the amount of net investment income earned by the Fund
during such period. The Fund is not required to maintain a
stable level of distributions to shareholders. For federal
income tax purposes, the Fund is required to distribute
substantially all of its net investment income each year to both
reduce its federal income tax liability and to avoid a potential
excise tax. The Fund intends to distribute all realized capital
gains, if any, at least annually.
Under the 1940 Act, the Fund is not permitted to incur
indebtedness unless immediately after such incurrence the Fund
has an asset coverage of at least 300% of the aggregate
outstanding principal balance of indebtedness. Additionally,
under the 1940 Act, the Fund may not declare any dividend
or other distribution upon any class of its capital stock, or
purchase any such capital stock, unless the aggregate
indebtedness of the Fund has, at the time of the declaration of
any such dividend or distribution or at the time of any such
purchase, an asset coverage of at least 300% after deducting the
amount of such dividend, distribution, or purchase price, as the
case may be.
While any preferred stock is outstanding, the Fund may not
declare any cash dividend or other distribution on its common
stock, unless at the time of such declaration, (i) all
accumulated preferred dividends have been paid and (ii) the
net asset value of the Fund’s portfolio (determined after
deducting the amount of such dividend or other distribution) is
at least 200% of the liquidation value of the outstanding
preferred stock (expected to be equal to the original purchase
price per share plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends
thereon).
In addition to the limitations imposed by the 1940 Act described
above, certain lenders may impose additional restrictions on the
payment of dividends or distributions on common stock in the
event of a default on the Fund’s borrowings. If the
Fund’s ability to make distributions on its common stock is
limited, such limitation could, under certain circumstances,
impair the ability of the Fund to maintain its qualification for
taxation as a regulated investment company, which would have
adverse tax consequences for shareholders.
28
U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX MATTERS
The following is a summary discussion of certain
U.S. federal income tax consequences that may be relevant
to a shareholder that acquires, holds and/or disposes of common
shares of the Fund. This discussion only addresses
U.S. federal income tax consequences to
U.S. shareholders who hold their shares as capital assets
and does not address all of the U.S. federal income tax
consequences that may be relevant to particular shareholders in
light of their individual circumstances. This discussion also
does not address the tax consequences to shareholders who are
subject to special rules, including, without limitation, banks
and financial institutions, insurance companies, dealers in
securities or foreign currencies, foreign holders, persons who
hold their shares as or in a hedge against currency risk, a
constructive sale, or conversion transaction, holders who are
subject to the alternative minimum tax, or tax-exempt or
tax-deferred plans, accounts, or entities. In addition, the
discussion does not address any state, local, or foreign tax
consequences. The discussion reflects applicable income tax laws
of the United States as of the date hereof, which tax laws may
be changed or subject to new interpretations by the courts or
the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) retroactively or
prospectively and could affect the continued validity of this
summary. No attempt is made to present a detailed explanation of
all U.S. federal income tax concerns affecting the Fund and
its shareholders, and the discussion set forth herein does not
constitute tax advice. Investors are urged to consult their
own tax advisers before making an investment in the Fund to
determine the specific tax consequences to them of investing in
the Fund, including the applicable federal, state, local and
foreign tax consequences as well as the effect of possible
changes in tax laws.
The Fund intends to elect to be treated and to qualify each
year, as a “regulated investment company” under
Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as
amended (the “Code”) so that it will not pay
U.S. federal income tax on income and capital gains timely
distributed (or treated as being distributed as described below)
to shareholders. In order to qualify as a regulated investment
company under Subchapter M of the Code, the Fund must,
among other things, derive at least 90% of its gross income for
each taxable year from dividends, interest, payments with
respect to securities loans, gains from the sale or other
disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, other
income (including gains from options, futures and forward
contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in
such stock, securities or currencies and net income derived from
an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership
(collectively, the “90% income test”). In addition to
the 90% income test, the Fund must also diversify its holdings
(commonly referred to as the “asset test”) so that, at
the end of each quarter of its taxable year (i) at least
50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets is represented
by cash and cash items, U.S. government securities,
securities of other regulated investment companies and other
securities, with such other securities of any one issuer limited
for the purposes of this calculation to an amount not greater in
value than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and
to not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of
such issuer, and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of its
total assets is invested in the securities of any one issuer
(other than U.S. government securities or securities of
other regulated investment companies), of two or more issuers
controlled by the Fund and engaged in the same, similar or
related trades or businesses, or of one or more qualified
publicly traded partnerships.
If the Fund qualifies as a regulated investment company and
distributes to its shareholders at least 90% of the sum of
(i) its “investment company taxable income” as
that term is defined in the Code (which includes, among other
things, dividends, taxable interest, the excess of any net
short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses and
certain net foreign exchange gains as reduced by certain
deductible expenses) without regard to the deduction for
dividends paid and (ii) the excess of its gross tax-exempt
interest, if any, over certain disallowed deductions, the Fund
will be relieved of U.S. federal income tax on any income
of the Fund, including long-term capital gains, distributed to
shareholders. However, if the Fund retains any investment
company taxable income or “net capital gain”
(i.e., the excess of net long-term capital gains over net
short-term capital losses), it will be subject to
U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate federal income
tax rates (currently a maximum rate of 35%) on the amount
retained. The Fund intends to distribute at least annually all
or substantially all of its investment company taxable income,
net tax-exempt interest, and net capital gain. Under the Code,
the Fund will be subject to a nondeductible 4% federal excise
tax generally on a portion of its undistributed ordinary income
for any calendar year and capital gains for the one year period
ending
29
October 31 in such calendar year if it fails to meet
certain distribution requirements with respect to such calendar
year. In order to avoid the 4% federal excise tax, the required
minimum distribution is generally equal to the sum of 98% of the
Fund’s ordinary income (computed on a calendar year basis),
plus 98% of the Fund’s capital gain net income (generally
computed for the one-year period ending on October 31). The
Fund intends to make distributions in a timely manner in an
amount at least equal to the required minimum distribution and
accordingly does not expect to be subject to this excise tax.
If for any taxable year the Fund does not qualify as a regulated
investment company for U.S. federal income tax purposes, it
would be treated as a U.S. corporation subject to
U.S. federal income tax and distributions to its
shareholders would not be deductible by the Fund in computing
its taxable income. In such event, the Fund’s
distributions, to the extent derived from the Fund’s
current or accumulated earnings and profits, would generally
constitute ordinary dividends, which generally would be eligible
for the dividends received deduction available to corporate
shareholders under Section 243 of the Code, as discussed
below, and non-corporate shareholders of the Fund generally
would be able to treat such distributions as “qualified
dividend income” under Section 1(h)(11) of the Code
for taxable years beginning on or prior to December 31,
2010, as discussed below, provided in each case that certain
holding period and other requirements are satisfied.
Certain distributions by the Fund, if any, may qualify for the
dividends received deduction available to corporate shareholders
under Section 243 of the Code, subject to certain holding
period and other requirements, but generally only to the extent
the Fund earned dividend income from stock investments in
U.S. domestic corporations (but not including REITs).
Unless a shareholder is ineligible to participate or elects
otherwise, all distributions will be automatically reinvested in
additional common shares of the Fund pursuant to the Automatic
Dividend Reinvestment Plan (the “Plan”). For
U.S. federal income tax purposes, all dividends are
generally taxable regardless of whether a shareholder takes them
in cash or they are reinvested pursuant to the Plan in
additional shares of the Fund.
Distributions of investment company taxable income are generally
taxable as ordinary income to the extent of the Fund’s
current and accumulated earnings and profits. Under
Section 1(h)(11) of the Code, for taxable years beginning
on or before December 31, 2010, qualified dividend income,
if any, received by non-corporate shareholders is taxed at rates
equivalent to long-term capital gain tax rates, which currently
reach a maximum of 15%. “Qualified dividend income”
generally includes dividends from certain domestic corporations
and dividends from “qualified foreign corporations,”
although dividends paid by REITs will not generally qualify as
qualified dividend income. For these purposes, a “qualified
foreign corporation” is a foreign corporation (i) that
is incorporated in a possession of the United States or is
eligible for benefits under a qualifying income tax treaty with
the United States, or (ii) whose stock with respect to
which such dividend is paid is readily tradable on an
established securities market in the United States. A qualified
foreign corporation does not include a foreign corporation that
for the taxable year of the corporation in which the dividend
was paid, or the preceding taxable year, is a “passive
foreign investment company,” as defined in the Code. The
Fund generally can pass the tax treatment of qualified dividend
income it receives through to Fund shareholders to the extent of
the aggregate dividends received by the Fund. For the Fund to
receive qualified dividend income, the Fund must meet certain
holding period requirements for the stock on which the otherwise
qualified dividend is paid. In addition, the Fund cannot be
obligated to make payments (pursuant to a short sale or
otherwise) with respect to substantially similar or related
property. If the Fund lends portfolio securities, amounts
received by the Fund that is the equivalent of the dividends
paid by the issuer on the securities loaned will not be eligible
for qualified dividend income treatment. The same provisions,
including the holding period requirements, apply to each
shareholder’s investment in the Fund. For taxable years
beginning after December 31, 2010, “qualified dividend
income” will no longer be taxed at the rates applicable to
long-term capital gains, but rather will be taxed at ordinary
income tax rates, which currently reach a maximum rate of 35%
for individuals, unless Congress enacts legislation providing
otherwise.
Distributions of net capital gain, if any, are taxable at
long-term capital gain rates for U.S. federal income tax
purposes without regard to the length of time the shareholder
has held shares of the Fund. A distribution of an amount in
excess of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and
profits, if any, will be treated by a shareholder as a tax-free
return of capital, which is applied against and reduces the
shareholder’s basis in his,
30
her or its shares. To the extent that the amount of any such
distribution exceeds the shareholder’s basis in his, her or
its shares, the excess will be treated by the shareholder as
gain from the sale or exchange of such shares. The
U.S. federal income tax status of all distributions will be
designated by the Fund and reported to the shareholders annually.
If a shareholder’s distributions are automatically
reinvested pursuant to the Plan and the Plan Agent invests the
distribution in shares acquired on behalf of the shareholder in
open-market purchases, for U.S. federal income tax
purposes, the shareholder will be treated as having received a
taxable distribution in the amount of the cash dividend that the
shareholder would have received if the shareholder had elected
to receive cash. If a shareholder’s distributions are
automatically reinvested pursuant to the Plan and the Plan Agent
invests the distribution in newly issued shares of the Fund, the
shareholder will be treated as receiving a taxable distribution
equal to the fair market value of the stock the shareholder
receives.
The Fund intends to distribute all realized capital gains, if
any, at least annually. If, however, the Fund were to retain any
net capital gain, the Fund may designate the retained amount as
undistributed capital gains in a notice to shareholders who, if
subject to U.S. federal income tax on long- term capital
gains, (i) will be required to include in income, as
long-term capital gain, their proportionate share of such
undistributed amount, and (ii) will be entitled to credit
their proportionate share of the tax paid by the Fund on the
undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax
liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds to the extent the
credit exceeds such liabilities. For U.S. federal income
tax purposes, the tax basis of shares owned by a shareholder of
the Fund will be increased by the difference between the amount
of undistributed net capital gain included in the
shareholder’s gross income and the federal income tax
deemed paid by the shareholders.
Any dividend declared by the Fund in October, November or
December with a record date in such a month and paid during the
following January will be treated for U.S. federal income
tax purposes as paid by the Fund and received by shareholders on
December 31 of the calendar year in which it is declared.
Foreign exchange gains and losses realized by the Fund in
connection with certain transactions involving foreign
currency-denominated debt securities, certain options and
futures contracts relating to foreign currency, foreign currency
forward contracts, foreign currencies, or payables or
receivables denominated in a foreign currency are subject to
Section 988 of the Code, which generally causes such gain
and loss to be treated as ordinary income or loss and may affect
the amount, timing and character of distributions to
shareholders.
If the Fund acquires any equity interest (generally including
not only stock but also an option to acquire stock such as is
inherent in a convertible bond) in certain foreign corporations
that receive at least 75% of their annual gross income from
passive sources (such as interest, dividends, certain rents and
royalties, or capital gains) or that hold at least 50% of their
assets in investments producing such passive income
(“passive foreign investment companies”), the Fund
could be subject to U.S. federal income tax and additional
interest charges on “excess distributions” received
from such companies or on gain from the sale of stock in such
companies, even if all income or gain actually received by the
Fund is timely distributed to its shareholders. The Fund would
not be able to pass through to its shareholders any credit or
deduction for such a tax. Elections may generally be available
that would ameliorate these adverse federal income tax
consequences, but (i) one such election would require the
Fund to recognize taxable income or gain (which would be subject
to tax distribution requirements) entirely as ordinary income
without the concurrent receipt of cash and (ii) the other
such election would require the Fund to recognize taxable income
or gain (which would be subject to tax distribution
requirements) without the concurrent receipt of cash and would
also require the foreign corporation to provide the Fund with
certain information necessary for such treatment, which such
foreign corporation may or may not provide. These investments
could also result in the treatment of associated capital gains
as ordinary income. The Fund may limit and/or manage its
holdings in passive foreign investment companies to limit its
tax liability or maximize its return from these investments.
The Fund may invest in debt obligations that are in the lowest
rating categories or are unrated, including debt obligations of
issuers not currently paying interest or who are in default.
Investments in debt obligations that are at risk of or in
default present special tax issues for the Fund. Tax rules are
not entirely clear about issues such as when the Fund may cease
to accrue interest, original issue discount or market discount,
when
31
and to what extent deductions may be taken for bad debts or
worthless securities and how payments received on obligations in
default should be allocated between principal and income. These
and other related issues will be addressed by the Fund when, as
and if it invests in such securities, in order to seek to ensure
that it distributes sufficient income to preserve its status as
a regulated investment company and does not become subject to
U.S. federal income or excise taxes.
If the Fund utilizes leverage through borrowing, asset coverage
limitations imposed by the 1940 Act as well as additional
restrictions that may be imposed by certain lenders on the
payment of dividends or distributions could potentially limit or
eliminate the Fund’s ability to make distributions on its
common stock until the asset coverage is restored. These
limitations could prevent the Fund from distributing at least
90% of its investment company taxable income as is required
under the Code and therefore might jeopardize the Fund’s
qualification as a regulated investment company and/or might
subject the Fund to a nondeductible 4% federal excise tax.
Upon any failure to meet the asset coverage requirements imposed
by the 1940 Act, the Fund may, in its sole discretion and to the
extent permitted under the 1940 Act, purchase or redeem shares
of preferred stock in order to maintain or restore the requisite
asset coverage and avoid the adverse consequences to the Fund
and its shareholders of failing to meet the distribution
requirements. There can be no assurance, however, that any such
action would achieve these objectives. The Fund will endeavor to
avoid restrictions on its ability to distribute dividends.
If the Fund invests in certain positions such as
pay-in-kind securities,
zero coupon securities, deferred interest securities or, in
general, any other securities with original issue discount (or
with market discount if the Fund elects to include market
discount in income currently), the Fund must accrue income on
such investments for each taxable year, which generally will be
prior to the receipt of the corresponding cash payments.
However, the Fund must distribute, at least annually, all or
substantially all of its net investment income, including such
accrued income, to shareholders to avoid U.S. federal
income and excise taxes. Therefore, the Fund may have to dispose
of its portfolio securities under disadvantageous circumstances
to generate cash, or may have to leverage itself by borrowing
the cash, to satisfy distribution requirements.
The Fund may engage in various transactions utilizing options,
futures contracts, forward contracts, hedge instruments,
straddles, and other similar transactions. Such transactions may
be subject to special provisions of the Code that, among other
things, affect the character of any income realized by the Fund
from such investments, accelerate recognition of income to the
Fund, defer Fund losses, and affect the determination of whether
capital gain or loss is characterized as long-term or short-term
capital gain or loss. These rules could therefore affect the
character, amount and timing of distributions to shareholders.
These provisions may also require the Fund to
mark-to-market certain
types of the positions in its portfolio (i.e., treat them
as if they were closed out), which may cause the Fund to
recognize income without receiving cash with which to make
distributions in amounts necessary to satisfy the distribution
requirements for avoiding U.S. federal income and excise
taxes. In addition, certain Fund investments may produce income
that will not qualify for the 90% income test. The Fund
will monitor its investments and transactions, will make the
appropriate tax elections, and will make the appropriate entries
in its books and records when it acquires an option, futures
contract, forward contract, hedge instrument or other similar
investment in order to mitigate the effect of these rules,
prevent disqualification of the Fund as a regulated investment
company and minimize the imposition of U.S. federal income
and excise taxes, if possible.
The Fund may invest in REITs that hold residual interests in
real estate mortgage investment conduits (“REMICs”).
Under Treasury regulations that have not yet been issued, but
may apply retroactively, a portion of the Fund’s income
from a REIT that is attributable to the REIT’s residual
interest in a REMIC (referred to in the Code as an “excess
inclusion”) will be subject to federal income tax in all
events. These regulations may provide that excess inclusion
income of a regulated investment company, such as the Fund, will
be allocated to shareholders of the regulated investment company
in proportion to the dividends received by such shareholders,
with the same consequences as if the shareholders held the
related REMIC residual interest directly. In general, excess
inclusion income allocated to shareholders (i) cannot be
offset by net operating losses (subject to a limited exception
for certain thrift institutions), (ii) will constitute
unrelated business taxable income to entities (including a
qualified pension plan, an individual retirement account, a
401(k) plan, a Keogh plan or other tax-exempt entity) subject to
tax on unrelated business income, thereby
32
potentially requiring such an entity that is allocated excess
inclusion income, and otherwise might not be required to file a
federal tax return, to file a tax return and pay tax on such
income, and (iii) in the case of a foreign shareholder,
will not qualify for any reduction in U.S. federal
withholding tax. In addition, if at any time during any taxable
year a “disqualified organization” (as defined in the
Code) is a record holder of a share in a regulated investment
company, then the regulated investment company will be subject
to a tax equal to that portion of its excess inclusion income
for the taxable year that is allocable to the disqualified
organization, multiplied by the highest federal income tax rate
imposed on corporations. The Fund does not intend to invest in
REITs in which a substantial portion of the assets will consist
of residual interests in REMICs.
The Fund may be subject to withholding and other taxes imposed
by foreign countries, including taxes on interest, dividends and
capital gains with respect to its investments in those
countries, which would, if imposed, reduce the yield on or
return from those investments. Tax treaties between certain
countries and the U.S. may reduce or eliminate such taxes
in some cases. The Fund does not expect to satisfy the
requirements for passing through to its shareholders their pro
rata share of qualified foreign taxes paid by the Fund, with the
result that shareholders will not be able to include such taxes
in their gross incomes and will not be entitled to a tax
deduction or credit for such taxes on their own federal income
tax returns.
At the time of an investor’s purchase of the Fund’s
shares, a portion of the purchase price may be attributable to
realized or unrealized appreciation in the Fund’s portfolio
or undistributed taxable income of the Fund. Consequently,
subsequent distributions by the Fund with respect to these
shares from such appreciation or income may be taxable to such
investor even if the net asset value of the investor’s
shares is, as a result of the distributions, reduced below the
investor’s cost for such shares and the distributions
economically represent a return of a portion of the investment.
Investors should consider the tax implications of purchasing
shares just prior to a distribution.
Sales and other dispositions of the Fund’s shares generally
are taxable events for shareholders that are subject to federal
income tax. Shareholders should consult their own tax advisors
regarding their individual circumstances to determine whether
any particular transaction in the Fund’s shares is properly
treated as a sale or exchange for federal income tax purposes
(as the following discussion assumes) and the tax treatment of
any gains or losses recognized in such transactions. Generally,
gain or loss will be equal to the difference between the amount
of cash and the fair market value of other property received
(including securities distributed by the Fund) and the
shareholder’s adjusted tax basis in the shares sold or
exchanged. In general, any gain or loss realized upon a taxable
disposition of shares will be treated as long-term capital gain
or loss if the shares have been held for more than one year.
Otherwise, the gain or loss on the taxable disposition of the
Fund’s shares will be treated as short-term capital gain or
loss. However, any loss realized by a shareholder upon the sale
or other disposition of shares with a tax holding period of six
months or less will be treated as a long-term capital loss to
the extent of any amounts treated as distributions of long-term
capital gain with respect to such shares. For the purposes of
calculating the six-month period, the holding period is
suspended for any periods during which the shareholder’s
risk of loss is diminished as a result of holding one or more
other positions in substantially similar or related property or
through certain options or short sales. Long-term capital gain
rates of noncorporate shareholders have been reduced —
in general, to 15% with lower rates applying to taxpayers in the
10% and 15% rate brackets — for taxable years
beginning on or before December 31, 2010. For taxable years
beginning after December 31, 2010, the maximum noncorporate
tax rate on long term capital gains will increase to 20%, unless
Congress enacts legislation providing otherwise. The ability to
deduct capital losses may be subject to limitations. In
addition, losses on sales or other dispositions of shares may be
disallowed under the “wash sale” rules in the event a
shareholder acquires substantially identical shares (including
those made pursuant to reinvestment of dividends) within a
period of 61 days beginning 30 days before and ending
30 days after a sale or other disposition of shares. In
such a case, the disallowed portion of any loss generally would
be included in the U.S. federal income tax basis of the
shares acquired.
From time to time, the Fund may repurchase its shares.
Shareholders who tender all shares held, and those considered to
be held (through attribution rules contained in the Code), by
them will be treated as having sold their shares and generally
will realize a capital gain or loss. If a shareholder tenders
fewer than all
33
of its shares (including those considered held through
attribution), such shareholder may be treated as having received
a taxable dividend upon the tender of its shares. In such a
case, there is a remote risk that non-tendering shareholders
will be treated as having received taxable distributions from
the Fund. To the extent that the Fund recognizes net gains on
the liquidation of portfolio securities to meet such tenders of
shares, the Fund will be required to make additional
distributions to its shareholders.
The IRS has taken the position that if a regulated investment
company has two classes of shares, it must designate
distributions made to each class in any year as consisting of no
more than such class’s proportionate share of particular
types of income (e.g., ordinary income and net capital gains).
Consequently, if both common stock and preferred stock are
outstanding, the Fund intends to designate distributions made to
each class of particular types of income in accordance with each
class’ proportionate shares of such income. Thus, the Fund
will designate to the extent applicable, dividends qualifying
for the corporate dividends received deduction (if any), income
not qualifying for the dividends received deduction,
“qualified dividend income,” ordinary income and net
capital gain in a manner that allocates such income between the
holders of common stock and preferred stock in proportion to the
total dividends made to each class during or for the taxable
year, or otherwise as required by applicable law. However, for
purposes of determining whether distributions are out of the
Fund’s current or accumulated earnings and profits, the
Fund’s earnings and profits will be allocated first to the
Fund’s preferred stock, if any, and then to the Fund’s
common stock. In such a case, since the Fund’s current and
accumulated earnings and profits will first be used to pay
dividends on the preferred stock, distributions in excess of
such earnings and profits, if any, will be made
disproportionately to holders of common stock.
Federal law requires that the Fund withhold, as “backup
withholding,” 28% of reportable payments, including
dividends, capital gain distributions and the proceeds of sales
or other dispositions of the Fund’s stock paid to
shareholders who have not complied with IRS regulations. In
order to avoid this withholding requirement, shareholders must
certify on their Account Applications, or on a separate IRS
Form W-9, that the
Social Security Number or other Taxpayer Identification Number
they provide is their correct number and that they are not
currently subject to backup withholding, or that they are exempt
from backup withholding. The Fund may nevertheless be required
to withhold if it receives notice from the IRS or a broker that
the number provided is incorrect or backup withholding is
applicable as a result of previous underreporting of interest or
dividend income. Backup withholding is not an additional tax.
Any amount withheld may be allowed as a refund or a credit
against the shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax
liability if the appropriate information (such as the timely
filing of the appropriate federal income tax return) is provided
to the IRS.
Under Treasury regulations, if a shareholder recognizes a loss
with respect to shares of $2 million or more in a single
taxable year (or $4 million or more in any combination of
taxable years) for an individual shareholder, S corporation
or trust or $10 million or more in a single taxable year
(or $20 million or more in any combination of years) for a
shareholder who is a C corporation, such shareholder will
generally be required to file with the IRS a disclosure
statement on Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio
securities are generally excepted from this reporting
requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a
regulated investment company are not excepted. Future guidance
may extend the current exception from this reporting requirement
to shareholders of most or all regulated investment companies.
The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does
not affect the legal determination of whether the
taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders
should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability
of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
The description of certain U.S. federal income tax
provisions above relates only to U.S. federal income tax
consequences for shareholders who are U.S. persons (i.e.,
U.S. citizens or residents or U.S. corporations,
partnerships, trusts or estates).
Non-U.S. shareholders
should consult their tax advisers concerning the tax
consequences of ownership of shares of the Fund, including the
possibility that distributions may be subject to a 30%
U.S. withholding tax (or a reduced rate of withholding
provided by an applicable treaty if the investor provides proper
certification of such status).
Shareholders should consult their own tax advisors on these
matters and on any specific question of U.S. federal,
state, local, foreign and other applicable tax laws before
making an investment in the Fund.
34
DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS
The following table presents certain information regarding the
Directors and Officers of the Fund as of September 30,
2006. Each individual’s age is set forth in parentheses
after his or her name. Unless otherwise noted, (i) each
individual has engaged in the principal occupation(s) noted in
the table for at least the most recent five years, although not
necessarily in the same capacity, and (ii) unless otherwise
noted, the address of each individual is c/o Deutsche Asset
Management, 345 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10154. The Board
of Directors is divided into three classes of directors serving
staggered three-year terms. The initial terms of the first,
second and third classes of directors will expire at the first,
second and third annual meetings of stockholders, respectively,
and, in each case, until their successors are duly elected and
qualify, or until a director sooner dies, retires, resigns or is
removed as provided in the governing documents of the Fund. Upon
expiration of their initial terms, directors of each class will
be elected to serve for three-year terms and until their
successors are duly elected and qualify, and at each annual
meeting one class of directors will be elected by the
shareholders.
Independent Directors
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Name, Age, |
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Number of Funds in | |
Position(s) Held with the Fund and |
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Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years and Other |
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DWS Fund | |
Length of Time Served(1) |
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Directorships Held |
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Complex Overseen | |
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Shirley D. Peterson (65) Chairperson and Class III
Director, 2006-present
|
|
Retired; formerly, President, Hood College (1995- 2000); prior
thereto, Partner, Steptoe & Johnson (law firm);
Commissioner, Internal Revenue Service; Assistant Attorney
General (Tax), US Department of Justice. Directorships: Federal
Mogul Corp. (supplier of automotive components and subsystems);
AK Steel (steel production); Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.
(April 2004-present); Champion Enterprises, Inc. (manufactured
home building); Wolverine World Wide, Inc. (designer,
manufacturer and marketer of footwear) (April 2005-present);
Trustee, Bryn Mawr College. Former Directorship: Bethlehem Steel
Corp. |
|
|
65 |
|
Donald L. Dunaway (69) Class II Director, 2006-present
|
|
Retired; formerly, Executive Vice President, A. O. Smith
Corporation (diversified manufacturer) (1963-1994) |
|
|
65 |
|
James R. Edgar (60) Class II Director, 2006-present
|
|
Distinguished Fellow, University of Illinois, Institute of
Government and Public Affairs (1999-present); formerly,
Governor, State of Illinois (1991-1999). Directorships: Kemper
Insurance Companies; John B. Sanfilippo & Son, Inc.
(processor/packager/marketer of nuts, snacks and candy
products); Horizon Group Properties, Inc.; Youbet.com (online
wagering platform); Alberto-Culver Company (manufactures,
distributes and markets health and beauty care products) |
|
|
65 |
|
Paul K. Freeman (56) Class III Director, 2006-present
|
|
President, Cook Street Holdings (consulting); Consultant, World
Bank/Inter-American Development Bank; formerly, Project Leader,
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis
(1998-2001); Chief Executive Officer, The Eric Group, Inc.
(environmental insurance) (1986-1998) |
|
|
65 |
|
35
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name, Age, |
|
|
|
Number of Funds in | |
Position(s) Held with the Fund and |
|
Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years and Other |
|
DWS Fund | |
Length of Time Served(1) |
|
Directorships Held |
|
Complex Overseen | |
|
|
|
|
| |
Robert B. Hoffman (69) Class I Director, 2006-present
|
|
Retired; formerly, Chairman, Harnischfeger Industries, Inc.
(machinery for the mining and paper industries) (1999-2000);
prior thereto, Vice Chairman and Chief Financial Officer,
Monsanto Company (agricultural, pharmaceutical and
nutritional/food products) (1994-1999). Directorship: RCP
Advisors, LLC (a private equity investment advisory firm) |
|
|
65 |
|
William McClayton (61) Class III Director, 2006-present
|
|
Managing Director of Finance and Administration, Diamond
Management & Technology Consultants, Inc. (global
management consulting firm) (2001-present); formerly, Partner,
Arthur Andersen LLP, (accounting) (1986-2001). Formerly:
Trustee, Ravinia Festival; Board of Managers, YMCA of
Metropolitan Chicago |
|
|
65 |
|
Robert H. Wadsworth (66) Class II Director, 2006-present
|
|
President, Robert H. Wadsworth & Associates, Inc.
(consulting firm) (1983 to present). Director, The European
Equity Fund, Inc. (since 1986), The New Germany Fund, Inc.
(since 1992), The Central Europe and Russia Fund, Inc. (since
1990). Formerly, Trustee of New York Board DWS Funds; President
and Trustee, Trust for Investment Managers (registered
investment company) (1999-2002). President, Investment Company
Administration, L.L.C. (1992*-2001); President, Treasurer and
Director, First Fund Distributors, Inc. (June 1990-January
2002); Vice President, Professionally Managed Portfolios (May
1991-January 2002) and Advisors Series Trust (October
1996-January 2002) (registered investment companies) |
|
|
68 |
|
|
|
* Inception date of the corporation which was the
predecessor to the L.L.C. |
|
|
|
|
36
Interested Directors and
Officers(2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name, Age, |
|
|
|
Number of Funds in | |
Position(s) Held with the Fund and |
|
Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years and Other |
|
DWS Fund | |
Length of Time Served(1) |
|
Directorships Held |
|
Complex Overseen | |
|
|
|
|
| |
John W. Ballantine
(60)(6)
Class I Director, 2006-present
|
|
Retired; formerly, Executive Vice President and Chief Risk
Management Officer, First Chicago NBD Corporation/The First
National Bank of Chicago (1996-1998); Executive Vice President
and Head of International Banking (1995-1996). Directorships:
Healthways Inc. (provider of disease and care management
services); Portland General Electric (utility company). Former
Directorships: First Oak Brook Bancshares, Inc. and Oak Brook
Bank |
|
|
65 |
|
Axel Schwarzer (48) Class I Director, 2006-present
|
|
Managing
Director(3),
Deutsche Asset Management; Head of Deutsche Asset Management
Americas; CEO of DWS Scudder; formerly, board member of DWS
Investments, Germany (1999-2005); formerly, Head of Sales and
Product Management for the Retail and Private Banking Division
of Deutsche Bank in Germany (1997-1999); formerly, various
strategic and operational positions for Deutsche Bank Germany
Retail and Private Banking Division in the field of investment
funds, tax driven instruments and asset management for
corporates (1989-1996) |
|
|
86 |
|
Michael G. Clark (41) President and Chief Executive Officer,
2006-present
|
|
Managing
Director(3),
Deutsche Asset Management (2006-present); President, The Central
Europe and Russia Fund, Inc. (since June 2006), The European
Equity Fund, Inc. (since June 2006), The Korea Fund, Inc. (since
June 2006), The New Germany Fund, Inc. (since June 2006), DWS
Global High Income Fund, Inc. (since June 2006), DWS Global
Commodities Stock Fund, Inc. (since June 2006), DWS RREEF Real
Estate Fund, Inc. (since June 2006), DWS RREEF Real Estate
Fund II, Inc. (since June 2006); formerly, Director of Fund
Board Relations (2004-2006) and Director of Product Development
(2000-2004), Merrill Lynch Investment Managers; Senior Vice
President Operations, Merrill Lynch Asset Management (1999-2000) |
|
|
n/a |
|
Philip J.
Collora(4)
(60) Vice President and Assistant Secretary, 2006-present
|
|
Director(3),
Deutsche Asset Management |
|
|
n/a |
|
37
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name, Age, |
|
|
|
Number of Funds in | |
Position(s) Held with the Fund and |
|
Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years and Other |
|
DWS Fund | |
Length of Time Served(1) |
|
Directorships Held |
|
Complex Overseen | |
|
|
|
|
| |
Paul H. Schubert (43) Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer,
2006-present
|
|
Managing
Director(3),
Deutsche Asset Management (since July 2004); formerly, Executive
Director, Head of Mutual Fund Services and Treasurer for UBS
Family of Funds (1998-2004); Vice President and Director of
Mutual Fund Finance at UBS Global Asset Management (1994-1998) |
|
|
n/a |
|
John
Millette(5)
(44) Secretary, 2006-present
|
|
Director(3),
Deutsche Asset Management |
|
|
n/a |
|
Patricia DeFilippis (1963) Assistant Secretary, 2006-present
|
|
Vice President, Deutsche Asset Management (since June 2005);
formerly, Counsel, New York Life Investment Management LLC
(2003-2005); legal associate, Lord, Abbett & Co. LLC
(1998-2003) |
|
|
n/a |
|
Elisa D.
Metzger(5)
(44) Assistant Secretary, 2006-present
|
|
Director(3),
Deutsche Asset Management (since September 2005); formerly,
Counsel, Morrison and Foerster LLP (1999-2005) |
|
|
n/a |
|
Caroline
Pearson(5)
(44) Assistant Secretary, 2006-present
|
|
Managing
Director(3),
Deutsche Asset Management |
|
|
n/a |
|
Scott M.
McHugh(5)
(35) Assistant Treasurer, 2006-present
|
|
Director(3),
Deutsche Asset Management |
|
|
n/a |
|
Kathleen Sullivan
D’Eramo(5)
(49) Assistant Treasurer, 2006-present
|
|
Director(3),
Deutsche Asset Management |
|
|
n/a |
|
John Robbins (40) Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer,
2006-present
|
|
Managing
Director(3),
Deutsche Asset Management (since 2005); formerly, Chief
Compliance Officer and Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer
for GE Asset Management (1999-2005) |
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Length of time served represents the date that each Director was
first elected to the Board of Directors. For the officers of the
Fund, length of time served represents the date that each
officer was first elected to serve as an officer of the Fund. |
|
|
|
(2) |
As a result of their respective positions held with the
Investment Adviser, these individuals are considered
“interested persons” of the Fund within the meaning of
the 1940 Act. Such persons receive no compensation from the Fund. |
|
|
|
(3) |
Executive title, not a board directorship. |
|
|
|
(4) |
Address: 222 South Riverside Plaza, Chicago, Illinois,
60606. |
|
|
|
(5) |
Address: Two International Place, Boston, Massachusetts 02110. |
|
|
|
(6) |
Mr. Ballantine owns securities of one or more underwriters
or their affiliates and may be deemed an interested person for
as long as those underwriters serve as a principal underwriter
to the Fund. |
|
Directors Responsibilities. The officers of the
Fund manage its
day-to-day operations
under the direction of the Fund’s Board of Directors. The
primary responsibility of the Board is to represent the
interests of the shareholders of the Fund and to provide
oversight of the management of the Fund. A majority of the
Fund’s Board members are not “interested persons”
of the Investment Adviser, Subadviser, or principal underwriters.
The Board has adopted its own Governance Procedures and
Guidelines and has established a number of committees, as
described below. For each of the following Committees, the Board
has adopted a written charter setting forth the Committees’
responsibilities.
38
Board Committees. The Board of Directors has
established the following committees. The members of the
committees also serve in similar capacities for other DWS Funds
for which they serve as a board member.
Audit Committee: The Audit Committee, which consists
entirely of Independent Directors, makes recommendations
regarding the selection of independent registered public
accounting firms for the Fund, confers with the independent
registered public accounting firm regarding the Fund’s
financial statements, the results of audits and related matters,
and performs such other tasks as the full Board deems necessary
or appropriate. The Audit Committee receives annual
representations from the independent registered public
accounting firms as to their independence. The members of the
Audit Committee are Donald L. Dunaway (Chair),
Robert B. Hoffman and William McClayton.
Nominating and Governance Committee: The Nominating and
Governance Committee, which consists entirely of Independent
Directors, seeks and reviews candidates for consideration as
nominees for membership on the Board and oversees the
administration of the Fund’s Governance Procedures and
Guidelines. The members of the Nominating and Governance
Committee are Shirley Peterson (Chair), James R. Edgar and
William McClayton. Shareholders wishing to submit the name of a
candidate for consideration as a Board member by the Committee
should submit their recommendation(s) and resume to the
Secretary of the Corporation.
Contract Review Committee: The Contract Review Committee,
which consists entirely of Independent Directors, oversees the
annual contract review process. The current members of the
Contract Review Committee are Paul K. Freeman (Chair),
Donald L. Dunaway and Robert B. Hoffman.
Valuation Committee: The Valuation Committee reviews
Valuation Procedures adopted by the Board, determines fair value
of the Fund’s securities as needed in accordance with the
Valuation Procedures and performs such other tasks as the full
Board deems necessary. The members of the Valuation Committee
are John W. Ballantine (Chair), Robert H. Wadsworth,
Donald L. Dunaway (alternate) and William McClayton
(alternate).
Equity Oversight Committee: The Equity Oversight
Committee oversees investment activities of the Fund, such as
investment performance and risk, expenses and services provided
under the investment management agreement. The members of the
Equity Oversight Committee are Robert B. Hoffman (Chair),
John W. Ballantine and Robert H. Wadsworth.
Operations Committee: The Operations Committee oversees
the operations of the Fund, such as reviewing the Fund’s
administrative fees and expenses, distribution arrangements,
portfolio transaction policies, custody and transfer agency
arrangements and shareholder services. The members of the
Operations Committee are John W. Ballantine (Chair),
Paul K. Freeman and Robert H. Wadsworth.
Remuneration. Each Director who is not an
interested person of the Investment Adviser or Sub-Adviser
receives an annual base retainer, paid quarterly, and, as
applicable, additional annual fixed fee(s) for serving as
committee member, committee chairman and/or as the Independent
Board chairman. The Directors serve as board members of various
other funds advised by the Investment Adviser. The Investment
Adviser supervises the Fund’s investments, pays the
compensation and expenses of its personnel who serve as
Directors and officers on behalf of the Fund and receives a
management fee for its services.
The Board of Directors of the Fund established a deferred
compensation plan for the Independent Directors (“Deferred
Compensation Plan”). Under the Deferred Compensation Plan,
the Independent Directors may defer receipt of all, or a
portion, of the compensation they earn for their services to the
Fund, in lieu of receiving current payments of such
compensation. Any deferred amount is treated as though an
equivalent dollar amount has been invested in shares of one or
more funds advised by the Investment Adviser (“Shadow
Shares”).
Members of the Board of Directors who are officers, directors,
employees or stockholders of the Investment Adviser or its
affiliates receive no direct compensation from the Fund,
although they are compensated as employees of the Investment
Adviser, or its affiliates, and as a result may be deemed to
participate in fees paid by the Fund. The Independent Directors
are not entitled to benefits under any fund pension or
retirement plan. The following table shows compensation of each
Director from the Fund estimated
39
for the current calendar year and aggregate compensation
received by each Director from the DWS fund complex during the
calendar year 2005.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pension or | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Retirement Benefits | |
|
Total Compensation Paid | |
|
|
|
|
Accrued as Part of | |
|
to Directors from DWS | |
Name of Director |
|
Compensation from Fund | |
|
Fund Expenses | |
|
Fund Complex(3)(4) | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
John W. Ballantine*
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
0 |
|
|
$ |
215,150 |
|
Donald L.
Dunaway(1)
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
0 |
|
|
$ |
224,660 |
|
James R.
Edgar(2)
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
0 |
|
|
$ |
173,790 |
|
Paul K. Freeman
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
0 |
|
|
$ |
215,150 |
|
Robert B. Hoffman
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
0 |
|
|
$ |
187,940 |
|
William McClayton
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
0 |
|
|
$ |
181,180 |
|
Shirley D.
Peterson(5)
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
0 |
|
|
$ |
208,580 |
|
Axel Schwarzer*
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
0 |
|
|
$ |
0 |
|
Robert H. Wadsworth
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
0 |
|
|
$ |
224,510 |
|
|
|
|
* |
Mr. Ballantine may be deemed an interested person because of
stock ownership of certain underwriters or their affiliates, but
is not an interested person of the Investment Adviser.
Accordingly, Mr. Ballantine is compensated by the Fund.
Mr. Schwarzer is an interested person of the Investment
Adviser and receives no compensation from the Fund or any fund
in the fund complex. |
|
|
|
(1) |
Does not include deferred fees. Pursuant to a Deferred
Compensation Plan, as discussed above, Mr. Dunaway
previously elected, in prior years, to defer fees with respect
to other DWS Funds for which he serves as a Board member.
Deferred amounts are treated as though an equivalent dollar
amount has been invested in Shadow Shares (as defined above) of
funds managed by the Investment Adviser. |
|
|
|
(2) |
Includes deferred fees with respect to other DWS Funds for which
he serves as a Board member. Pursuant to a Deferred Compensation
Plan, as discussed above, deferred amounts are treated as though
an equivalent dollar amount has been invested in Shadow Shares
(as defined above) of funds managed by the Investment Adviser in
which compensation may be deferred by Governor Edgar. |
|
|
|
(3) |
For each Director, except Mr. Wadsworth and
Mr. Schwarzer, total compensation includes compensation for
service on the boards of 31 trusts/corporations comprised of 85
funds/portfolios. Each Director, except Mr. Wadsworth and
Mr. Schwarzer, currently serves on the boards of 21
trusts/corporations comprised of 69 funds/portfolios.
Mr. Wadsworth currently serves on the boards of 24 DeAM
trusts/corporations comprised of 72 funds/portfolios.
Mr. Schwarzer currently serves on the boards of 34
trusts/corporations comprised of 86 funds/portfolios. |
|
|
|
(4) |
Aggregate compensation reflects amounts paid to the Directors
for numerous special meetings of ad hoc committees in connection
with reviewing the Funds’ rebranding initiatives to change
to the DWS Family of Funds and with respect to legal and
regulatory matters. Such amounts totaled $15,340 for each of
Messrs. Ballantine, Freeman and Ms. Peterson, $20,510
for Mr. Dunaway, and $5,170 for Messrs. Edgar,
Hoffman, McClayton and Wadsworth. These meeting fees were borne
by the Investment Adviser. |
|
|
|
(5) |
Includes $38,010 in annual retainer fees received by
Ms. Peterson as Chairperson of the Board. |
|
Mr. Freeman, prior to his service as Independent Director of the
Fund, served as a board member of certain funds in the Deutsche
Bank complex (“DB Funds”). In connection with his
resignation and the resignation of certain other board members
as trustees of the DB Funds on July 30, 2002 (the
“Effective Date”), which was part of a restructuring
of the boards overseeing the DB Funds, Deutsche Asset
Management, Inc. (“DeAM”) agreed to recommend, and, if
necessary obtain, directors and officers (“D&O”)
liability insurance coverage for the prior board members,
including Mr. Freeman, that is at least as equivalent in
scope and amount to the D&O coverage provided to the prior
board members for the six-year period following the Effective
Date. In the event that D&O insurance coverage is not
available in the commercial marketplace on commercially
reasonable terms from a conventional third party insurer, DeAM
reserved the right to provide substantially equivalent
protection in the form of an indemnity or financial
40
guarantee from an affiliate of DeAM. The D&O policy in
effect prior to the Effective Date provided aggregate coverage
of $25,000,000, subject to a $250,000 per claim deductible.
Director Fund Ownership. Under the
Fund’s Governance Procedures and Guidelines, the
Independent Directors have established the expectation that
within three years of becoming a Director, an Independent
Director will have invested an amount in the funds he or she
oversees (which shall include amounts held under a deferred fee
agreement that are valued based on “shadow shares” in
the DWS Funds) in the aggregate in excess of $150,000. Each
interested Director is also encouraged to own an amount of
shares (based upon their own individual judgment) of the Fund
that is suitable for his or her own appropriate investment
needs. The following tables set forth each Director’s share
ownership of the Fund and all funds in the DWS fund complex
overseen by each Director as of December 31, 2005.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aggregate Dollar Range of |
|
|
|
|
Securities Owned in All Funds |
|
|
Dollar Range of Fund | |
|
in the DWS Fund Complex |
Name of Director |
|
Shares Owned in the Fund | |
|
Overseen by Director |
|
|
| |
|
|
John W. Ballantine
|
|
|
None |
|
|
Over $100,000 |
Donald L. Dunaway*
|
|
|
None |
|
|
Over $100,000 |
James R. Edgar*
|
|
|
None |
|
|
Over $100,000 |
Paul K. Freeman
|
|
|
None |
|
|
$1-$10,000** |
Robert B. Hoffman
|
|
|
None |
|
|
Over $100,000 |
William McClayton
|
|
|
None |
|
|
$50,001-$100,000*** |
Shirley D. Peterson
|
|
|
None |
|
|
Over $100,000 |
Axel Schwarzer
|
|
|
None |
|
|
None**** |
Robert H. Wadsworth
|
|
|
None |
|
|
Over $100,000 |
|
|
* |
The dollar range of shares shown includes Shadow Shares of
certain DWS Funds in which Mr. Dunaway and Governor Edgar
are deemed to be invested pursuant to the Deferred Compensation
Plan as more fully described above under
“Remuneration.” |
|
|
** |
Mr. Freeman owned over $100,000 in other DWS Funds as of
December 31, 2005. |
|
|
*** |
Mr. McClayton was appointed as a board member to various
DWS Funds on December 30, 2004. |
|
|
**** |
Mr. Schwarzer joined the US Mutual Funds business of
Deutsche Asset Management in 2005. |
PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES
The Fund has delegated proxy voting responsibilities to the
Investment Adviser, subject to the Board’s general
oversight. The Fund has delegated proxy voting to the Investment
Adviser with the direction that proxies should be voted
consistent with the Fund’s best economic interests. The
Investment Adviser has adopted its own Proxy Voting Policies and
Procedures (“Policies”), and Proxy Voting Guidelines
(“Guidelines”) for this purpose. The Policies address,
among other things, conflicts of interest that may arise between
the interests of the Fund and the interests of the Investment
Adviser and its affiliates, including the Fund’s principal
underwriter. The Guidelines set forth the Investment
Adviser’s general position on various proposals, such as:
|
|
|
|
• |
Shareholder Rights — The Investment Adviser
generally votes against proposals that restrict shareholder
rights. |
|
|
• |
Corporate Governance — The Investment Adviser
generally votes for confidential and cumulative voting and
against supermajority voting requirements for charter and bylaw
amendments. The Investment Adviser generally votes for proposals
to restrict a chief executive officer from serving on more than
three outside boards of directors. The Investment Adviser
generally votes against proposals that require a company to
appoint a Chairman who is an independent director. |
41
|
|
|
|
• |
Anti-Takeover Matters — The Investment Adviser
generally votes for proposals that require shareholder
ratification of poison pills or that request boards to redeem
poison pills, and votes against the adoption of poison pills if
they are submitted for shareholder ratification. The Investment
Adviser generally votes for fair price proposals. |
|
|
• |
Compensation Matters — The Investment Adviser
generally votes for executive cash compensation proposals,
unless they are unreasonably excessive. The Investment Adviser
generally votes against stock option plans that do not meet the
Investment Adviser’s criteria. |
|
|
• |
Routine Matters — The Investment Adviser
generally votes for the ratification of auditors, procedural
matters related to the annual meeting and changes in company
name, and against bundled proposals and adjournment. |
The general provisions described above do not apply to
investment companies. The Investment Adviser generally votes
proxies solicited by investment companies in accordance with the
recommendations of an independent third party, except for
proxies solicited by or with respect to investment companies for
which the Investment Adviser or an affiliate serves as
investment adviser or principal underwriter (“affiliated
investment companies”). The Investment Adviser votes
affiliated investment company proxies in the same proportion as
the vote of the investment company’s other shareholders
(sometimes called “mirror” or “echo”
voting). Master fund proxies solicited from feeder funds are
voted in accordance with applicable requirements of the 1940 Act.
Although the Guidelines set forth the Investment Adviser’s
general voting positions on various proposals, the Investment
Adviser may, consistent with the Fund’s best interests,
determine under some circumstances to vote contrary to those
positions.
The Guidelines on a particular issue may or may not reflect the
view of individual members of each Board or of a majority of
each Board. In addition, the Guidelines may reflect a voting
position that differs from the actual practices of the public
companies within the Deutsche Bank organization or of the
investment companies for which the Investment Adviser or an
affiliate serves as investment adviser or sponsor.
The Investment Adviser may consider the views of a portfolio
company’s management in deciding how to vote a proxy or in
establishing general voting positions for the Guidelines, but
management’s views are not determinative.
As mentioned above, the Policies describe the way in which the
Investment Adviser resolves conflicts of interest. To resolve
conflicts, the Investment Adviser, under normal circumstances,
votes proxies in accordance with its Guidelines. If the
Investment Adviser departs from the Guidelines with respect to a
particular proxy or if the Guidelines do not specifically
address a certain proxy proposal, a proxy voting committee
established by the Investment Adviser will vote the proxy.
Before voting any such proxy, however, the Investment
Adviser’s conflicts review committee will conduct an
investigation to determine whether any potential conflicts of
interest exist in connection with the particular proxy proposal.
If the conflicts review committee determines that the Investment
Adviser has a material conflict of interest, or certain
individuals on the proxy voting committee should be recused from
participating in a particular proxy vote, it will inform the
proxy voting committee. If notified that the Investment Adviser
has a material conflict, or fewer than three voting members are
eligible to participate in the proxy vote, typically the
Investment Adviser will engage an independent third party to
vote the proxy or follow the proxy voting recommendations of an
independent third party.
Under certain circumstances, the Investment Adviser may not be
able to vote proxies or the Investment Adviser may find that the
expected economic costs from voting outweigh the benefits
associated with voting. For example, the Investment Adviser may
not vote proxies on certain foreign securities due to local
restrictions or customs. The Investment Adviser generally does
not vote proxies on securities subject to share blocking
restrictions.
When available, you may obtain information about how the Fund
voted proxies related to its portfolio securities during the
12-month period ended
June 30th of each year by visiting the Securities and
Exchange
42
Commission’s Web site at www.sec.gov or by visiting our Web
site at
www.dws-scudder.com
(type “proxy voting” in the search field).
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED
PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
[TO BE ADDED]
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
A Registration Statement on
Form N-2,
including amendments thereto, relating to the Common Shares of
the Fund offered hereby, has been filed by the Fund with the
SEC, Washington, D.C. The Fund’s Prospectus and this
SAI do not contain all of the information set forth in the
Registration Statement, including any exhibits and schedules
thereto. For further information with respect to the Fund and
the Common Shares offered hereby, reference is made to the
Fund’s Registration Statement. Statements contained in the
Fund’s Prospectus and this SAI as to the contents of any
contract or other document referred to are not necessarily
complete and in each instance reference is made to the copy of
such contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the
Registration Statement, each such statement being qualified in
all respects by such reference.
The Registration Statement and the Codes of Ethics may be viewed
and copied at the Securities and Exchange Commission’s
Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. Information about the
Securities and Exchange Commission’s Public Reference Room
may be obtained by calling the Securities and Exchange
Commission at
(202) 551-8090.
The Registration Statement and the Codes of Ethics also may be
available on the Edgar Database on the Securities and Exchange
Commission’s Website, http://www.sec.gov, or be obtained,
after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request to
publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing to: Securities and Exchange
Commission’s Public Reference Section, 100 F Street,
NE, Washington, D.C. 20549. This reference to the website does
not incorporate the contents of the website into this prospectus.
43
APPENDIX: A DESCRIPTION OF RATINGS
Standard & Poor’s Corporation Bond Ratings
AAA. Debt rated AAA had the highest rating
assigned by Standard & Poor’s. Capacity to pay
interest and repay principal is extremely strong.
AA. Debt rated AA has a very strong capacity
to pay interest and repay principal and differs from the higher
rated issues only in small degree.
A. Debt rated A has a strong capacity to pay
interest and repay principal although it is somewhat more
susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances
and economic conditions than debt in higher rated categories.
BBB. Debt rated BBB is regarded as having an
adequate capacity to pay interest and repay principal. Whereas
it normally exhibits adequate protection parameters, adverse
economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to
lead to a weakened capacity to pay interest and repay principal
for debt in this category than in higher rated categories.
BB, B, CCC, CC and C. Debt rated BB, B, CCC, CC
and C is regarded, on balance, as predominantly speculative with
respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal in
accordance with the terms of the obligation. BB indicates the
lowest degree of speculation and C the highest degree of
speculation. While such debt will likely have some quality and
protective characteristics, these are outweighed by large
uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse conditions.
CI. The rating CI is reserved for income bonds on
which no interest is being paid.
D. Debt rated D is in default, and payment of
interest and/or repayment of principal is in arrears.
Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. Bond Ratings
AAA. Bonds which are rated Aaa are judged to be of
the best quality. They carry the smallest degree of investment
risk and are generally referred to as “gilt-edge.”
Interest payments are protected by a large or by an
exceptionally stable margin and principal is secure. While the
various protective elements are likely to change, such changes
as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair the
fundamentally strong position of such issues.
Aa. Bonds which are rated Aa are judged to be of
high quality by all standards. Together with the Aaa group they
comprise what are generally known as high-grade bonds. They are
rated lower than the best bonds because margins of protection
may not be as large as in Aaa securities or fluctuation of
protective elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be
other elements present which make the long term risks appear
somewhat larger than in Aaa securities.
A. Bonds which are rated A possess many favorable
investment attributes and are to be considered as upper medium
grade obligations. Factors giving security to principal and
interest are considered adequate but elements may be present
which suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the
future.
Baa. Bonds which are rated Baa are considered as
medium grade obligations, i.e., they are neither highly
protected nor poorly secured. Interest payments and principal
security appear adequate for the present but certain protective
elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable
over any great length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding
investment characteristics and in fact have speculative
characteristics as well.
Ba. Bonds which are rated Ba are judged to have
speculative elements; their future cannot be considered as well
assured. Often the protection of interest and principal payments
may be very moderate and thereby not well safeguarded during
both good and bad times over the future. Uncertainty of position
characterizes bonds in this class.
A-1
B. Bonds which are rated B generally lack
characteristics of the desirable investment. Assurance of
interest and principal payments or of maintenance of other terms
of the contract over any long period of time may be small.
Caa. Bonds which are rated Caa are of poor
standing. Such issues may be in default or there may be present
elements of danger with respect to principal or interest.
Ca. Bonds which are rated Ca represent obligations
which are speculative in a high degree. Such issues are often in
default or have other marked shortcomings.
C. Bonds which are rated C are the lowest rated
class of bonds and issues so rated can be regarded as having
extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment
standing.
Fitch Long-Term Debt Ratings
AAA. Highest credit quality.
“AAA” ratings denote the lowest expectation of credit
risk. They are assigned only in case of exceptionally strong
capacity for timely payment of financial commitments. This
capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by
foreseeable events.
AA. Very high credit quality.
“AA” ratings denote a very low expectation of credit
risk. They indicate very strong capacity for timely payment of
financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly
vulnerable to foreseeable events.
A. High credit quality. “A”
ratings denote a low expectation of credit risk. The capacity
for timely payment of financial commitments is considered
strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to
changes in circumstances or in economic conditions than is the
case for higher ratings.
BBB. Good credit quality. “BBB”
ratings indicate that there is currently a low expectation of
credit risk. The capacity for timely payment of financial
commitments is considered adequate, but adverse changes in
circumstances and in economic conditions are more likely to
impair this capacity. This is the lowest investment-grade
category.
BB. Speculative. “BB” ratings
indicate that there is a possibility of credit risk developing,
particularly as the result of adverse economic change over time;
however, business or financial alternatives may be available to
allow financial commitments to be met. Securities rated in this
category are not investment grade.
B. Highly speculative. “B”
ratings indicate that significant credit risk is present, but a
limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are
currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is
contingent upon a sustained, favorable business and economic
environment.
CCC, CC, C. High default risk. Default is a
real possibility. Capacity for meeting financial commitments is
solely reliant upon sustained, favorable business or economic
developments. A “CC” rating indicates that default of
some kind appears probable. “C” ratings signal
imminent default.
DDD, DD, D. Default. The ratings of
obligations in this category are based on their prospects for
achieving partial or full recovery in a reorganization or
liquidation of the obligor. While expected recovery values are
highly speculative and cannot be estimated with any precision,
the following serve as general guidelines. “DDD”
obligations have the highest potential for recovery, around
90%-100% of outstanding amounts and accrued interest.
“DD” indicates potential recoveries in the range of
50%-90%, and “D” the lowest recovery potential, i.e.,
below 50%.
Entities rated in this category have defaulted on some or all of
their obligations. Entities rated “DDD” have the
highest prospect for resumption of performance or continued
operation with or without a formal reorganization process.
Entities rated “DD” and “D” are generally
undergoing a formal reorganization or liquidation process; those
rated “DD” are likely to satisfy a higher portion of
their outstanding obligations, while entities rated
“D” have a poor prospect for repaying all obligations.
A-2
Commercial Paper Ratings
Commercial paper rated by Standard & Poor’s
Ratings Services (“S&P”) has the following
characteristics: Liquidity ratios are adequate to meet cash
requirements. Long-term senior debt is rated “A” or
better. The issuer has access to at least two additional
channels of borrowing. Basic earnings and cash flow have an
upward trend with allowance made for unusual circumstances.
Typically, the issuer’s industry is well established and
the issuer has a strong position within the industry. The
reliability and quality of management are unquestioned. Relative
strength or weakness of the above factors determine whether the
issuer’s commercial paper is
rated A-1
or A-2.
The ratings Prime-1 and
Prime-2 are the two
highest commercial paper ratings assigned by Moody’s
Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”). Among the
factors considered by it in assigning ratings are the following:
(1) evaluation of the management of the issuer;
(2) economic evaluation of the issuer’s industry or
industries and an appraisal of speculative-type risks which may
be inherent in certain areas; (3) evaluation of the
issuer’s products in relation to competition and customer
acceptance; (4) liquidity; (5) amount and quality of
long-term debt; (6) trend of earnings over a period of ten
years; (7) financial strength of a parent company and the
relationships which exist with the issuer; and
(8) recognition by the management of obligations which may
be present or may arise as a result of public interest questions
and preparations to meet such obligations. Relative strength or
weakness of the above factors determines whether the
issuer’s commercial paper is rated
Prime-1 or 2.
A-3
PART C — OTHER INFORMATION
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Item 25: |
Financial Statements and Exhibits |
1. Financial Statements:
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Part A — None |
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Part B — Report of Independent Accountants* |
2. Exhibits:
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a.1. Articles of Incorporation.(1) |
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a.2. Articles of Amendment and Restatement.(2) |
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b.1. By-Laws.(1) |
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b.2. Amended and Restated By-Laws.(2) |
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c. Not applicable. |
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d. Form of specimen share certificate.* |
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e. Dividend Reinvestment and Cash Purchase
Plan.* |
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f. None. |
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g.1. Form of Investment Management Agreement.* |
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g.2. Form of Sub-Advisory Agreement.* |
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h.1. Form of Underwriting Agreement.* |
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h.2. Form of Marketing and Structuring Fee Agreement.* |
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h.3. Form of Standard Dealer Agreement.* |
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h.4. Form of Master Agreement Among Underwriters.* |
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i. Not applicable. |
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j. Custodian Agreement.* |
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k.1. Form of Transfer Agency, Registrar and Dividend |
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Disbursing Agency Agreement.* |
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k.2. Form of Administrative Services Agreement.* |
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l.1. Opinion of Ober, Kaler, Grimes & Shriver.* |
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m. None. |
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n. Consent of Independent Accountants.* |
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o. Not applicable. |
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p. Purchase Agreement.* |
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q. Not Applicable. |
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r.1. Code of Ethics of the Fund.* |
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r.2. Code of Ethics of the Investment Adviser.* |
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r.3. Code of Ethics of the Sub-Adviser.* |
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1
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r.4. Code of Ethics of Principal Underwriter* |
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s. Power of Attorney.(2) |
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* |
To be filed by amendment. |
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(1) |
Previously filed. |
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(2) |
Filed herewith. |
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Item 26. |
Marketing Arrangements |
Reference will be made to the form of underwriting agreement and
related agreements for the Registrant’s shares of common
stock to be filed in an amendment to the Registrant’s
Registration Statement.
Item 27. Other Expenses
and Distribution
The following table sets forth the estimated expenses to be
incurred in connection with the offering described in this
Registration Statement*:
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Registration fees
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$ |
60,000 |
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New York Stock Exchange listing fee
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50,000 |
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Printing and engraving expenses
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375,000 |
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Auditing fees and expenses
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75,000 |
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Legal fees and expenses
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325,000 |
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NASD fees
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30,500 |
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Miscellaneous
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150,000 |
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Total
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$ |
1,065,500 |
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* |
As described in the prospectus, the Adviser has agreed to bear
all organizational expenses of the Fund and stock offering
expenses of the Fund that exceed $0.04 per share of the
Fund’s common stock (other than the sales load). |
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Item 28. |
Persons Controlled by or under Common Control |
None.
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Item 29. |
Number of Holders of Securities |
As
of ,
2006, the number or record holders of each class of securities
of the Registrant was:
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Number of | |
Title of Class |
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Record Holders | |
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| |
Common Shares, par value, $.01 per share
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None |
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The charter of the Registrant provides that, to the fullest
extent that limitations on the liability of directors and
officers are permitted by Maryland law, no director or officer
of the Registrant shall have any liability to the Registrant or
its stockholders for money damages. This limitation on liability
applies to events occurring at the time a person serves as a
director or officer of the Registrant whether or not such person
is a director or officer at the time of any proceeding in which
liability is asserted. Article 2, Section 405.2 of the
Maryland General Corporation Law provides that the charter of a
Maryland corporation may limit the extent to which directors or
officers may be personally liable to the corporation or its
shareholders for money damages except to the extent
(i) that it is proved that the person actually received an
improper benefit or profit in money, property, or services for
the amount of the benefit or profit in money, property, or
services actually received; or (ii) that a judgment or
other final adjudication adverse to the person is entered in a
2
proceeding based on a finding in the proceeding that the
person’s action, or failure to act, was the result of
active and deliberate dishonesty and was material to the cause
of action adjudicated in the proceeding.
The Registrant’s charter further provides that the
Registrant has the power to obligate itself to indemnify any
person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party
in any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or
proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or
investigative, by reason of the fact that such person is a
current or former director or officer of the Registrant, or is
or was serving while a director or officer of the Registrant at
the request of the Registrant as a director, officer, partner,
trustee, employee, agent or fiduciary of another corporation,
partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise or employee
benefit plan, against judgments, penalties, fines, excise taxes,
settlements and reasonable expenses (including attorneys’
fees) actually incurred by such person in connection with such
action, suit or proceeding to the fullest extent permissible
under the Maryland General Corporation Law, the 1933 Act
and the 1940 Act, as such statutes are now or hereinafter in
force.
In addition, the Registrant’s charter also provides that
the Registrant has the power to advance expenses to its
currently acting and its former directors and officers to the
fullest extent that advancement of expenses is permitted by
Maryland law, the 1933 Act, and the 1940 Act, as such
statutes are now or hereinafter in force.
The Board of Directors may by by-law, resolution or agreement
make further provision for indemnification and advancement of
expenses of directors, officers, employees and agents to the
fullest extent permitted by Maryland law.
The Registrant’s charter also provides that no
(i) provision of the charter shall be effective to protect
or purport to protect any director or officer of the Registrant
against any liability to the Registrant or its security holders
to which the person would otherwise be subject by reason of
willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless
disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of the
person’s office and (ii) amendment to the charter of
the Registrant shall affect any right of any person based on any
act or failure to act which occurred event, omission or
proceeding prior to the amendment.
The Registrant’s By-Laws obligate the Registrant, to the
maximum extent permitted by the Maryland General Corporation
Law, the 1933 Act and the 1940 Act, to indemnify any person
who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party in any
threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding,
whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, by
reason of the fact that such person is a current or former
director or officer, or is or was serving while a director or
officer at the request of the Registrant as a director, officer,
partner, trustee, employee, agent or fiduciary of another
corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise or
employee benefit plan, against judgments, penalties, fines,
excise taxes, settlements and reasonable expenses (including
attorneys’ fees) actually incurred by such person in
connection with such action, suit or proceeding, except that
such indemnity shall not protect any such person against any
liability to the Registrant or any shareholder thereof to which
such person would otherwise be subject by reason of willful
misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard
of the duties involved in the conduct of the person’s
office.
The Registrant’s By-Laws further provide that the
Registrant shall advance expenses to its current and former
directors and officers; provided, however, (1) the person
seeking the advance of expenses shall provide a security in form
and amount acceptable to the Registrant; (2) the Registrant
is insured against losses arising by reason of the advance; or
(3) a majority of a quorum of Directors of the Registrant
who are neither “interested persons” as defined in
Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act, nor parties to the
proceeding (“disinterested non-party Directors”) or
independent legal counsel, in a written opinion, shall
determine, based on a review of facts readily available to the
Registrant at the time the advance is proposed to be made, that
there is reason to believe that the person seeking
indemnification will ultimately be found to be entitled to
indemnification.
Reference is also made to the Investment Management Agreement,
filed as Exhibit (g)(i) hereto and to the Underwriting
Agreement, filed as Exhibit (h)(1) hereto. Insofar as
indemnification for liabilities under the 1933 Act may be
permitted to the directors and officers, the Registrant has been
advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange
Commission such indemnification is against public policy as
expressed
3
in such Act and is therefore unenforceable. If a claim for
indemnification against such liabilities under the 1933 Act
(other than for expenses incurred in a successful defense) is
asserted against the Registrant by the directors or officers in
connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant
will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been
settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of
appropriate jurisdiction the question of whether such
indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in
such Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such
issue.
Each of the directors who is not an “interested
person” (as defined under the Investment Company Act of
1940) of the Adviser (a “Non-interested Director”) has
entered into an indemnification agreement with the Registrant,
which agreement provides that the Registrant shall indemnify the
Non-interested Director against certain liabilities which such
director may incur while acting in the capacity as a director of
the Registrant to the fullest extent permitted by law, now or in
the future, and requires indemnification and advancement of
expenses unless prohibited by law. The indemnification agreement
cannot be altered without the consent of the Non-interested
Director and is not affected by amendment of the charter. In
addition, the indemnification agreement adopts certain
presumptions and procedures which may make the process of
indemnification and advancement of expenses, more timely,
efficient and certain. In accordance with Section 17(h) of
the Investment Company Act of 1940, the indemnification
agreement does not protect a Non-interested Director against any
liability to the Registrant or its shareholders to which such
director would otherwise be subject by reason of willful
misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard
of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office.
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|
Item 31. |
Business and Other Connections of Investment
Adviser |
The description of the Investment Adviser under the caption
“Management of the Fund” in the Prospectus and in the
Statement of Additional Information, respectively, constituting
Parts A and B, respectively, of this Registration
Statement are incorporated by reference herein.
For information as to the business, profession, vocation or
employment of a substantial nature of each of the officers and
directors of the Investment Adviser, reference is made to
Form ADV filed with the Commission (Commission File
No. 801-27291)
under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and incorporated
herein by reference thereto.
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Item 32. |
Location of Accounts and Records |
The accounts, books and other documents required to be
maintained by Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act
of 1940, as amended, and the Rules thereunder will be maintained
as follows: journals, ledgers, securities records and other
original records will be maintained principally at the offices
of the Registrant’s Investment Adviser, at 345 Park
Avenue, New York, New York 10154; the Registrant’s
Subadviser, Dreman Value Management, LLC, at 520 East
Cooper Avenue 230-4, Aspen, Colorado 81611; the
Registrant’s transfer agent, DWS Scudder Investment
Services Company, at 210 W.
10th
Street, Kansas City, Missouri
64105-1614; and the
Registrant’s custodian, State Street Bank and Trust Company
at 225 Franklin Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02109.
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Item 33. |
Management Services |
Not applicable.
1. The Registrant undertakes to suspend the offering of
shares until the prospectus is amended if (1) subsequent to
the effective date of this Registration Statement, the net asset
value declines more than ten percent from its net asset value as
of the effective date of this Registration Statement or
(2) the net asset value increases to an amount greater than
its net proceeds as stated in the prospectus.
2. Not applicable.
3. Not applicable.
4
4. Not applicable.
5. The Registrant undertakes that:
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a. for the purpose of determining any liability under the
1933 Act, the information omitted from the form of prospectus
filed as part of this Registration Statement in reliance upon
Rule 430A and contained in the form of prospectus filed by
the Registrant pursuant to 497(h) under the 1933 Act shall
be deemed to be part of the Registration Statement as of the
time it was declared effective; and |
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|
b. for the purpose of determining any liability under the
1933 Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of
prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement
relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of
such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial
bona fide offering thereof. |
|
6. The Registrant undertakes to send by first class mail or
other means designed to ensure equally prompt delivery, within
two business days of receipt of an oral or written request, its
Statement of Additional Information.
5
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the
Registrant, DWS Dreman Value Income Edge Fund, Inc., has duly
caused this amendment to the Registration Statement to be signed
on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in
the city of New York, the state of New York, on the
25th day
of October, 2006.
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Michael G. Clark, President and
Chief Executive Officer |
|
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this
amendment to the Registration Statement of DWS Dreman Value
Income Edge Fund, Inc. has been signed below by the following
persons in the capacities and on the date indicated.
|
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/s/ Michael G. Clark
Michael
G. Clark |
|
President and Chief Executive Officer |
|
October 25, 2006 |
|
/s/ Paul H. Schubert
Paul
H. Schubert |
|
Chief Financial Officer
and Treasurer |
|
October 25, 2006 |
|
/s/ Shirley D. Peterson
Shirley
D. Peterson* |
|
Director |
|
October 25, 2006 |
|
/s/ John W. Ballantine
John
W. Ballantine* |
|
Director |
|
October 25, 2006 |
|
/s/ James R. Edgar
James
R. Edgar* |
|
Director |
|
October 25, 2006 |
|
/s/ William McClayton
William
McClayton* |
|
Director |
|
October 25, 2006 |
|
/s/ Robert H. Wadsworth
Robert
H. Wadsworth* |
|
Director |
|
October 25, 2006 |
|
*By: |
|
/s/ Michael G. Clark
Michael
G. Clark** |
|
|
|
|
|
|
** |
Attorney-in-fact pursuant to the power of attorney contained in
and incorporated by reference in this Pre-Effective
Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement, as
filed on October 25, 2006. |
6
EXHIBIT INDEX
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a.2.
|
|
Articles of Amendment and Restatement |
b.2.
|
|
Amended and Restated By-Laws |
s.
|
|
Power of Attorney |