Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The consolidated financial statements of Super Micro Computer include the accounts of Super Micro Computer and entities consolidated under the variable interest model or the voting interest model. Noncontrolling interests are not presented separately in the consolidated statements of operations, and consolidated statements of comprehensive income as the amounts are immaterial. All intercompany accounts and transactions of Super Micro Computer and its consolidated entities (collectively, the "Company") have been eliminated in consolidation. For equity investments over which the Company is able to exercise significant influence over the investee but does not control the investee, and is not the primary beneficiary of the investee’s activities are accounted for using the equity method. Investments in equity securities which do not have readily determinable fair values and for which the Company is not able to exercise significant influence over the investee are accounted for under the measurement alternative which is the cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar securities of the same investee. Prior to July 1, 2018, investments for which the Company was not able to exercise significant influence over the investee were accounted for under the cost method.

Certain reclassifications have been made to the amounts for the fiscal year 2017 consolidated statement of operations and consolidated statement of cash flows in order to conform to the current year’s presentation.

Use of Estimates

U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Such estimates include, but are not limited to: allowances for doubtful accounts and sales returns, inventory valuation, useful lives of property, plant and equipment, product warranty accruals, stock-based compensation, impairment of investments and long-lived assets, and income taxes. The Company’s estimates are evaluated on an ongoing basis and changes in the estimates are recognized prospectively. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company accounts for certain assets and liabilities at fair value, which is the price that would be received upon the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly arms-length transaction between market participants. When measuring fair value, the Company takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability that a market participant would consider when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. The Company considers one or more techniques for measuring fair value: market approach, income approach, and cost approach. The valuation techniques include inputs that are based on three different levels of observability to the market. The Company categorizes each of its fair value measurements in one of these three levels based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. These levels are:


•	Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities;


•	Level 2 - Quoted prices in markets that are not active or financial instruments for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly; and


•	Level 3 - Prices or valuations that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable.

Accounts receivable and accounts payable are carried at cost, which approximates fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments. Cash equivalents, certificates of deposit and investments in auction rate securities are carried at fair value. Short-term debt is carried at amortized cost, which approximates its fair value based on borrowing rates currently available to the Company for loans with similar terms.

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid instruments with an original maturity of three months or less from the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents consist primarily of money market funds and certificates of deposit with original maturities of less than three months.

Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents

Restricted cash is comprised of amounts held in bank accounts which are controlled by the lenders pursuant to the terms of certain debt agreements, certificates of deposit primarily related to leases and customs requirements, and money market accounts held in escrow pursuant to the Company’s workers’ compensation program. These restricted cash balances have been excluded from the Company's cash and cash equivalents balance.

Investments in Auction Rate Securities

The Company classifies its investments in auction rate securities ("auction rate securities") as non-current available-for-sale investments. The auction rate securities consist of municipal securities, which are debt securities. The Company uses discounted cash flow to estimate the fair value of any auction rate securities. These auction rate securities are recorded within other assets in the consolidated balance sheets at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses on auction rate securities are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at weighted average cost, subject to lower of cost or net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price of our products in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. Inventories consist of purchased parts and raw materials (principally electronic components), work in process (principally products being assembled) and finished goods. The Company evaluates inventory on a quarterly basis for lower of cost or net realizable value and excess and obsolescence and, as necessary, writes down the valuation of units based upon the Company's forecasted usage and sales, anticipated selling price, product obsolescence and other factors. Once inventory is written down, its new value is maintained until it is sold or scrapped. Prior to July 1, 2017, inventories were stated at weighted-average cost, subject to lower of cost or market.

The Company receives various rebate incentives from certain suppliers based on its contractual arrangements, including volume-based rebates. The rebates earned are recognized as a reduction of cost of inventories and reduce the cost of sales in the period when the related inventory is sold.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment is recorded at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets as follows:



Software	3 to 5 years
Machinery and equipment	3 to 7 years
Furniture and fixtures	5 years
Buildings	39 years
Building improvements	Up to 20 years
Land improvements	15 years
Leasehold improvements	Shorter of lease term or estimated useful life

For assets acquired and financed under capital leases, the present value of the future minimum lease payments is recorded at the date of acquisition as property, plant and equipment with the corresponding amount recorded as a capital lease obligation, and the amortization is computed on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term or estimated useful life.

Long-Lived Assets

The Company evaluates its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. When the sum of the undiscounted future net cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition is less than its carrying amount, an impairment loss would be measured based on the fair value of the asset compared to the carrying amount.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Allowances for Doubtful Accounts

Customers are subjected to a credit review process that evaluates each customer’s financial position and ability to pay. On a quarterly basis, the Company makes estimates of its uncollectible accounts receivable by analyzing the aging of accounts receivable, history of bad debts, customer concentrations, customer-credit-worthiness, and current economic trends to evaluate the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales primarily consists of the costs of materials, contract manufacturing, in-bound shipping, personnel and related expenses including stock-based compensation, equipment and facility expenses, warranty costs and provision for lower of cost or net realizable value and excess and obsolete inventory.

Product Warranties

The Company offers product warranties ranging from 15 to 39 months against any defective products. These standard warranties are assurance type warranties and the Company does not offer any services beyond the assurance that the product will continue working as specified. Therefore, under recently adopted guidance, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, (“ASC 606”), these warranties are not considered separate performance obligations in the arrangement. Based on historical experience, the Company accrues for estimated returns of defective products at the time revenue is recognized. The Company monitors warranty obligations and may make revisions to its warranty reserve if actual costs of product repair and replacement are significantly higher or lower than estimated. Accruals for anticipated future warranty costs are charged to cost of sales and included in accrued liabilities and other long-term liabilities. Warranty accruals are based on estimates that are updated on an ongoing basis taking into consideration inputs such as new product introductions, changes in the volume of claims compared with the Company's historical experience, and the changes in the cost of servicing warranty claims. The Company accounts for the effect of such changes in estimates prospectively.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses consist of personnel expenses including: salaries, benefits, stock-based compensation and incentive bonuses, and related expenses for our research and development personnel, as well as materials and supplies, consulting services, third-party testing services and equipment and facility expenses related to our research and development activities. All research and development costs are expensed as incurred. The Company occasionally receives funding from certain suppliers and customers towards its development efforts. Such amounts are recorded as a reduction of research and development expenses and were $2.8 million, $6.1 million, and $10.3 million for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Software development costs, including costs to develop software sold, leased, or otherwise marketed, that are incurred subsequent to the establishment of technological feasibility are capitalized if significant. Costs incurred during the application development stage for internal-use software are capitalized if significant. Capitalized software development costs are amortized using the straight-line amortization method over the estimated useful life of the applicable software. Such software development costs required to be capitalized have not been material to date.

Advertising Costs

Advertising costs, net of reimbursements received under the cooperative marketing arrangements with the Company's vendors, are expensed as incurred.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company measures and recognizes compensation expense for all share-based awards made to employees and non-employees, including stock options and restricted stock units ("RSUs"). The share-based awards granted to non-employees have not been material to date. The Company is required to estimate the fair value of share-based awards on the date of grant. The Company recognizes the grant date fair value of all share-based awards over the requisite service period and accounts for forfeitures as they occur. Prior to July 1, 2017, the Company estimated forfeitures and expensed the value of awards that were ultimately expected to vest over the requisite service periods. The fair value of RSUs with service conditions or performance conditions is based on the closing market price of the Company's common stock on the date of grant. The fair value for RSUs with service conditions, or time-based RSUs, is amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The fair value for RSUs with performance conditions ("PRSUs") is recognized on a ratable basis over the requisite service period when it is probable the performance conditions of the awards will be met. The Company reassesses the probability of vesting at each reporting period and adjusts the total compensation expense of the award based on this probability assessment.

The Company estimates the fair value of stock options granted using a Black-Scholes option pricing model. This model requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions with respect to the expected term of the option and the expected volatility of the price of the Company's common stock. The expected term represents the period that the Company’s stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding and was determined based on the Company's historical experience. The expected volatility is based on the implied and historical volatility of the Company’s common stock. The fair value is then amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods of the awards, which is generally the vesting period.

Leases

Leases are evaluated and recorded as capital leases if one of the following is true at inception: (a) the present value of minimum lease payments meets or exceeds 90% of the fair value of the asset, (b) the lease term is greater than or equal to 75% of the economic life of the asset, (c) the lease arrangement contains a bargain purchase option, or (d) title to the property transfers to the Company at the end of the lease. The Company records an asset and liability for capital leases at present value of the minimum lease payments based on the incremental borrowing rate. Assets are depreciated over the useful life in accordance with the Company’s depreciation policy while rental payments and interest on the liability are accounted for using the effective interest method.

Leases that are not classified as capital leases are accounted for as operating leases. Operating lease agreements that have tenant improvement allowances are evaluated for lease incentives. For leases that contain escalating rent payments, the Company recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term, with any lease incentives amortized as a reduction of rent expense over the lease term.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under an asset and liability approach. Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of temporary differences between assets and liabilities recognized for financial reporting purposes and such amounts recognized for income tax reporting purposes, net operating loss carry-forwards and other tax credits measured by applying enacted tax laws related to the financial statement periods. Valuation allowances are provided when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to an amount that is more likely than not to be realized.

The Company recognizes tax liabilities for uncertain income tax positions on the income tax return based on the two-step process. The first step is to determine whether it is more likely than not that each income tax position would be sustained upon audit. The second step is to estimate and measure the tax benefit as the amount that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the tax authority. Estimating these amounts requires the Company to determine the probability of various possible outcomes. The Company evaluates these uncertain tax positions on a quarterly basis. This evaluation is based on the consideration of several factors, including changes in facts or circumstances, changes in applicable tax law, settlement of issues under audit and new exposures. If the Company later determines that its exposure is lower or that the liability is not sufficient to cover its revised expectations, the Company adjusts the liability and effects a related charge in its tax provision during the period in which the Company makes such a determination.

Variable Interest Entities

The Company determines at the inception of each arrangement whether an entity in which the Company holds an investment or in which the Company has other variable interests is considered a variable interest entity ("VIE"). The Company consolidates VIEs when it is the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary of a VIE is the party that meets both of the following criteria: (1) has the power to make decisions that most significantly affect the economic performance of the VIE and (2) has the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that in either case could potentially be significant to the VIE. Periodically, the Company assesses whether any changes in the interest or relationship with the entity affect the determination of whether the entity is still a VIE and, if so, whether the Company is the primary beneficiary. If the Company is not the primary beneficiary in a VIE, the Company accounts for the investment or other variable interest in accordance with applicable GAAP.

The Company has concluded that Ablecom Technology, Inc. (“Ablecom”) and its affiliate, Compuware Technology, Inc. ("Compuware") are VIEs in accordance with applicable accounting standards and guidance; however, the Company is not the primary beneficiary as it does not have the power to direct the activities that are most significant to the entities and therefore, the Company does not consolidate these entities. In performing its analysis, the Company considered its explicit arrangements with Ablecom and Compuware, including the supplier arrangements. Also, as a result of the substantial related party relationships between the Company and these entities, the Company considered whether any implicit arrangements exist that would cause the Company to protect those related parties’ interests from suffering losses. The Company determined it has no material implicit arrangements with Ablecom, Compuware or their shareholders.

The Company and Ablecom jointly established Super Micro Asia Science and Technology Park, Inc. (the "Management Company") in Taiwan to manage the common areas shared by the Company and Ablecom for its separately constructed manufacturing facilities. In fiscal year 2012, each company contributed $0.2 million and owns 50% of the Management Company. The Company has concluded that the Management Company is a VIE, and the Company is the primary beneficiary as it has the power to direct the activities that are most significant to the Management Company. For the fiscal years ended 2019, 2018 and 2017, the accounts of the Management Company have been consolidated with the accounts of Super Micro Computer, and a noncontrolling interest has been recorded for Ablecom's interest in the net assets and operations of the Management Company.

Foreign Currency Transactions

The functional currency of the Company’s international subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar, with the exception of Super Micro Asia and Technology Park, Inc., a consolidated variable interest entity. Monetary assets and liabilities of the Company's international subsidiaries that are denominated in foreign currency are remeasured into U.S. dollars at period-end exchange rates. Non-monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in the foreign currency are remeasured into U.S. dollars at the historical rates. Revenue and expenses that are denominated in the foreign currency are remeasured into U.S. dollars at the average exchange rates during the period. Remeasurement of foreign currency accounts and resulting foreign exchange transaction gains and losses, which have not been material, are reflected in the consolidated statements of operations in other expense, net.

The functional currency of Super Micro Asia and Technology Park, Inc. is New Taiwanese Dollar (“NTD$”). Assets and liabilities are translated to U.S. dollars at the period-end exchange rate. Revenues and expenses are translated using the average exchange rate for the period. The effects of foreign currency translation are included in stockholders’ equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and periodic movements are summarized as a line item in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

The functional currency of the Company's equity method investee is the local currency. Adjustments for the Company's share of the effects of foreign currency translation from local currency to U.S. dollars are recorded as increases or decreases to the carrying value of the investment and included in stockholders’ equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and periodic movements are summarized as a line item in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Net Income Per Common Share

Basic net income per common share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per common share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period increased to include the number of additional shares of common stock that would have been outstanding if the potentially dilutive securities had been issued. Potentially dilutive securities include outstanding stock options and unvested RSUs. Contingently issuable shares are included in computing basic net income per common share as of the date that all necessary conditions, including service vesting conditions have been satisfied. Contingently issuable shares are considered for computing diluted net income per common share as of the beginning of the period in which all necessary conditions have been satisfied and the only remaining vesting condition is a service vesting condition.

Under the treasury stock method, an increase in the fair market value of the Company's common stock results in a greater dilutive effect from outstanding stock options and RSUs. Additionally, the exercise of stock options and the vesting of RSUs results in a further dilutive effect on net income per share.

Concentration Risk

Concentration of Supplier Risk

Certain materials used by the Company in the manufacture of its products are available from a limited number of suppliers. Shortages could occur in these materials due to an interruption of supply or increased demand in the industry.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, investment in an auction rate security and accounts receivable.

Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted and Not Yet Adopted

Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued new accounting guidance, ASC 606, that supersedes nearly all U.S. GAAP on revenue recognition and eliminates industry-specific guidance. ASC 606 provides a unified model in determining when and how revenue is recognized with the core principle that revenue should be recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Since its issuance, the FASB has issued several amendments to ASC 606. The Company adopted ASC 606 on July 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method. In connection with the adoption of ASC 606, the Company recorded a transition adjustment to increase retained earnings by $6.8 million as of July 1, 2018. The comparative information has not been recast and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods.

The primary impact of the adoption of ASC 606 was the acceleration of revenue recognition for (i) sales to distributors where the Company previously accounted for such sales on a sell-through basis and (ii) software arrangements. The following tables summarize the impacts of the adoption of ASC 606 on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The adoption of ASC 606 did not have any impact on the net cash provided by operating activities.

Selected Captions from the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2019 (in thousands)



	As Reported		Adjustments			Balances without adoption of ASC 606
ASSETS
Accounts receivable, net of allowances	$	393,624	$	(21,404	)	$	372,220
Inventories	670,188		14,823			685,011
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	109,795		(2,478		)	107,317
Deferred income taxes, net	41,126		1,131			42,257

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Accrued liabilities	$	114,678	$	(6,392	)	$	108,286
Deferred revenue	94,153		2,611			96,764
Income taxes payable	13,021		(831		)	12,190
Deferred revenue, non-current	109,266		3,992			113,258
Retained earnings	611,903		(7,308		)	604,595

Selected Captions from the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended June 30, 2019 (in thousands)



	As reported		Adjustments			Balances without adoption of ASC 606
Net sales	$	3,500,360	$	12,591		$	3,512,951
Cost of sales	3,004,838		15,981			3,020,819
Gross profit	495,522		(3,390		)	492,132
General and administrative	141,228		(2,491		)	138,737
Income before income tax provision	89,523		(899		)	88,624
Income tax provision	14,884		(404		)	14,480
Net income	71,918		(495		)	71,423

In July 2015, the FASB issued an amendment to the accounting guidance, Inventory: Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory. The amendment requires entities to measure inventory at the lower of cost and net realizable value thereby simplifying the existing guidance under which an entity must measure inventory at the lower of cost or market. The Company adopted the accounting guidance on July 1, 2017. The effect of the adoption had no impact on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In January 2016, the FASB issued new guidance, Financial Instruments - Overall: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. This guidance changes the accounting for equity investments, financial liabilities under the fair value option, and the presentation and disclosure requirements for financial instruments. The most significant impact of this accounting standard update is that it requires the remeasurement of equity investments not accounted for under the equity method to be recorded at fair value through the consolidated statement of operations at the end of each reporting period. The Company adopted this accounting standard update as of July 1, 2018. The result of the adoption did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. As a result of the adoption of the new standard, the Company’s equity investments are accounted for as follows:


•	Marketable equity securities that have a readily determinable fair value are measured and recorded at fair value.


•	Non-marketable equity securities that do not have a readily determinable fair value and for which the Company does not control the investee nor is it able to exert significant influence over the investee are measured using a measurement alternative recorded at cost less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from qualifying observable price changes.


•	Equity method investments are equity securities for which the Company does not control the investee but is able to exert significant influence over the investee. These investments are measured at cost less any impairment, plus or minus the Company's share of equity method investee income or loss.

In March 2016, the FASB issued new accounting guidance, Compensation-Stock Compensation: Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting on the accounting for certain aspects of share-based payment to employees, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, and statutory tax withholding requirements as well as classification in the statement of cash flows. Early adoption is permitted for any interim or annual periods. The Company adopted the accounting guidance on July 1, 2017 that resulted in the recognition of excess tax benefits in the Company's provision for income taxes rather than paid-in capital, as well as the adjustment in stock-based compensation expense as a result of its change in forfeiture policy. The new guidance eliminated the requirement to delay the recognition of excess tax benefits until it reduces current taxes payable. The new guidance also requires the Company to record, subsequent to the adoption, excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies in the period these arise. As a result of the adoption, the Company recorded a reduction in income tax payable of $0.2 million, an increase in common stock and additional paid-in capital of $0.1 million and an increase in retained earnings of $0.1 million.

In March 2016, the FASB issued new accounting guidance Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures: Simplifying the Transition to Equity Method of Accounting. The amendments in this update eliminate the requirement that an entity retroactively adopt the equity method of accounting if an investment qualifies for use of the equity method as a result of increase in ownership interest or degree of influence. In accordance with the amendments, an equity method investor will begin to apply the equity method when the investor obtains significant influence without having to retroactively adjust the investment and record a cumulative catch up for the years when the investment did not qualify for the equity method of accounting. The Company adopted the accounting guidance on July 1, 2017. The result of the adoption had no impact on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In August 2016, the FASB issued an amendment to the accounting guidance, Statement of Cash Flows: Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. This amendment consists of eight provisions that provide guidance on the classification of certain cash receipts and cash payments. If practicable, this amendment should be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. For the provisions that are impracticable to apply retrospectively, those provisions may be applied prospectively as of the earliest date practicable. The Company adopted the accounting guidance on July 1, 2018. The result of the adoption did not have a material impact on the consolidated statements of cash flows.

In October 2016, the FASB issued an amendment to the accounting guidance, Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory. This amendment simplifies the accounting for income tax consequences of intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory by requiring recognition of current and deferred income tax consequences when such transfers occur. The Company adopted the accounting guidance on July 1, 2018. The result of the adoption did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In November 2016, the FASB issued an amendment to the accounting guidance, Statement of Cash Flows: Restricted Cash. This amendment addresses presentations of total cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The Company adopted the accounting guidance on July 1, 2018 using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. The adoption did not have a material impact on the consolidated statements of cash flows. Presentation of prior period information has been retrospectively adjusted.

In February 2017, the FASB issued new accounting guidance, Other Income-Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets: Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and Accounting for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets. This guidance clarifies the scope and application on the sale or transfer of nonfinancial assets and in substance nonfinancial assets to noncustomers, including partial sales. The Company adopted this guidance on July 1, 2018. Prior to adoption, the Company had previously contributed certain technology rights in exchange for 30% ownership in a privately-held company (the “Corporate Venture”) and accounted for the transaction in accordance with the guidance related to exchanges of a nonfinancial asset for a noncontrolling ownership interest in ASC 845 - Nonmonetary Transactions, which has been eliminated by the new guidance. As a result of the adoption of the new guidance, the Company recognized $3.0 million increase in the carrying value of the equity-method investment, a $2.1 million increase in deferred gain, and a $0.9 million increase in retained earnings.

In August 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) adopted amendments to certain disclosure requirements in Securities Act Release No. 33-10532, Disclosure Update and Simplification. The amendments became effective on November 5, 2018. The SEC staff subsequently indicated that it would not object if a filer’s first presentation of changes in stockholders’ equity is included in its Form 10-Q for the quarter that begins after the final rule’s effective date. Among the amendments is the requirement to present the changes in stockholders’ equity in the interim financial statements (either in a separate statement or footnote) in Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. The analysis should present a reconciliation of the beginning balance to the ending balance of each period for which a consolidated statement of operations is required to be filed. The Company adopted this guidance in the first quarter of fiscal year 2019, and presented the changes in stockholders’ equity in the Company’s Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the first, second, and third quarters of fiscal year 2019.

Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In February 2016, the FASB issued an amendment to the accounting guidance, Leases. The amendment will supersede the existing lease guidance, including on-balance sheet recognition of operating leases for lessees. Since its issuance, the FASB has issued several amendments to the new lease standard. The standard is effective for the Company from July 1, 2019 and the Company will apply this standard using the modified retrospective approach and will not restate prior comparative periods. The Company will elect the “package of practical expedients” under the transition guidance of the new standard, which permits it not to reassess under the new standard its prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification and initial direct costs, for leases that are in effect as of the date of adoption of the new lease guidance. While the Company is currently finalizing its implementation of new policies, processes and internal controls to comply with the new rules, it is anticipated that the adoption of the new standard will result in the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet of $14.8 million and $15.2 million, respectively, as of July 1, 2019, primarily related to real estate leases. The adoption of the new standard will not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations or consolidated statement of cash flows.

In June 2016, the FASB issued authoritative guidance, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, that amends the impairment model for certain financial assets by requiring the use of an expected loss methodology, which will result in more timely recognition of credit losses. The amendment is effective for the Company from July 1, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect the guidance will have on its consolidated financial statement disclosures, results of operations and financial position.

In February 2018, the FASB issued Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income: Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which allows companies to reclassify stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("2017 Tax Reform Act"), from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings. The guidance also requires certain new disclosures regardless of the election and is effective for the Company from July 1, 2019. The adoption of the guidance will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In June 2018, the FASB issued amended guidance to expand the scope of ASC 718 - Compensation-Stock Compensation, to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from non-employees. The amendments specify that the guidance applies to all share-based payment transactions in which a grantor acquires goods or services to be used or consumed in a grantor’s own operations by issuing share-based payment awards. The new amendment is effective for the Company from July 1, 2019. The adoption of the new standard will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In August 2018, the FASB issued amended guidance, Fair Value Measurement: Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, to modify the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements based on the concepts in the Concepts Statement, including the consideration of costs and benefits. The new standard is effective for the Company from July 1, 2020. The Company is currently evaluating the effect the guidance will have on its consolidated financial statement disclosures.

In August 2018, the FASB issued amended guidance to align the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal use software license). The accounting for the service element of a hosting arrangement that is a service contract is not affected by the amendments. According to the amendments, the entity shall determine which implementation costs to capitalize as an asset related to the service contract and which costs to expense. It requires the entity (customer) to expense the capitalized implementation costs of a hosting arrangement that is a service contract over the term of the hosting arrangement. The new standard is effective for the Company from July 1, 2020. The Company is currently evaluating the effect the guidance will have on its consolidated financial statement disclosures, results of operations and financial position.

Prior to adoption of ASU 2016-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, cash flows resulting from the tax benefits for tax deductions resulting from the exercise of stock options and vesting of RSUs and PRSUs in excess of the compensation expense recorded for those options (excess tax benefits) issued or modified since July 1, 2006 are classified as cash from financing activities. Upon adoption of the new guidance on July 1, 2017, the cash flows from excess tax benefits related to such awards are classified as cash from operating activities. Excess tax benefits for stock options issued prior to July 1, 2006 are classified as cash from operating activities. Prior to adoption of ASU 2016-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, the Company had $1.8 million of excess tax benefits recorded in additional paid-in capital in the fiscal year ended June 30, 2017 and had excess tax benefits classified as cash from financing activities of $2.3 million in the fiscal year ended June 30, 2017 for options issued since July 1, 2006. The Company adopted the accounting guidance on July 1, 2017 and as a result of the adoption, the Company recorded $0.5 million of excess tax benefit in income tax expense in the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018.

Revenue

Revenue recognition for periods after the Company’s adoption of ASC 606 as of July 1, 2018

The Company adopted ASC 606 as of July 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method for all contracts not completed as of the date of adoption. For contracts that were modified before the effective date, the Company considered the effect of all modifications when identifying performance obligations and allocating transaction price, which did not have a material effect on the adjustment to retained earnings. The Company recognized the cumulative effect of initially applying ASC 606 as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. The comparative information has not been recast and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods.

ASC 606 provides a unified model in determining when and how revenue is recognized with the core principle that revenue should be recognized when a customer obtains control of the promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.

The Company generates revenues from the sale of server and storage systems, subsystems, accessories, services, server software management solutions, and support services.

Product sales. The Company recognizes revenue from sales of products as control is transferred to customers, which generally happens at the point of shipment or upon delivery, unless customer acceptance is uncertain. Products sold by the Company are delivered via shipment from the Company’s facilities or drop shipment directly to its customers from a Company vendor. The Company may use distributors to sell products to end customers. Revenue from distributors is recognized when the distributor obtains control of the product, which generally happens at the point of shipment or upon delivery, unless customer acceptance is uncertain, and in the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled.

As part of determining the transaction price in contracts with customers, the Company estimates reserves for future sales returns based on a review of its history of actual returns for each major product line. Based upon historical experience, a refund liability is recorded at the time of sale for estimated product returns and an asset is recognized for the amount expected to be recorded in inventory upon product return, less the expected recovery costs. The Company also reduces revenue for the estimated costs of customer and distributor programs and incentive offerings such as price protection and rebates as well as the estimated costs of cooperative marketing arrangements where the fair value of the benefit derived from the costs cannot be reasonably estimated. Any provision for customer and distributor programs and other discounts is recorded as a reduction of revenue at the time of sale based on an evaluation of the contract terms and historical experience.

Services sales. The Company’s sale of services mainly consists of extended warranty and on-site services. Revenue related to extended warranty commences upon the expiration of the standard warranty period and is recognized ratably over the contractual period as the Company stands ready to perform any required warranty service. Revenue related to on-site services commences upon recognition of the product sale and is recognized ratably over the contractual period as the on-site services are made available to the customer. These service contracts are typically one to five years in length. Service revenue has been less than 10% of net sales for all periods presented and is not separately disclosed.

Contracts with multiple promised goods and services. Certain of the Company’s contracts contain multiple promised goods and services. Performance obligations in a contract are identified based on the promised goods or services that will be transferred to the customer that are both capable of being distinct, whereby the customer can benefit from the service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available from third parties or from the Company, and are distinct in the context of the contract, whereby the transfer of the services is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. If these criteria are not met, the promised goods and services are accounted for as a combined performance obligation. Revenue allocated to each performance obligation is recognized at the time the related performance obligation is satisfied by transferring control of the promised good or service to a customer.

If the contract contains a single performance obligation, the entire transaction price is allocated to the single performance obligation. Contracts that contain multiple performance obligations require an allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligation based on a relative standalone selling price basis. The Company determines standalone selling prices based on the price at which the performance obligation is sold separately. If the standalone selling price is not observable through past transactions, the Company estimates the standalone selling price taking into account available information, such as internally approved pricing guidelines with respect to geographies, customer type, internal costs, and gross margin objectives, for the related performance obligations.

When the Company receives consideration from a customer prior to transferring goods or services to the customer, the Company records a contract liability (deferred revenue). The Company also recognizes deferred revenue when it has an unconditional right to consideration (i.e., a receivable) before transfer of control of goods or services to a customer.

The Company considers shipping & handling activities as costs to fulfill the sales of products. Shipping revenue is included in net sales when control of the product is transferred to the customer, and the related shipping and handling costs are included in cost of products sold. Taxes imposed by governmental authorities on the Company's revenue producing activities with customers, such as sales taxes and value added taxes, are excluded from net sales.

Revenue recognition for periods prior to the Company’s adoption of ASC 606 as of July 1, 2018

Product sales. The Company recognizes revenue from sales of products upon meeting all of the following revenue recognition criteria, which is typically met upon shipment or delivery of its products to customers, unless customer acceptance is uncertain or significant obligations to the customer remain: (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists through customer contracts and orders, (ii) the customer takes title and assumes the risks and rewards of ownership, (iii) the sales price charged is fixed or determinable as evidenced by customer contracts and orders and (iv) collectibility is reasonably assured.

The Company estimates reserves for future sales returns based on a review of its history of actual returns for each major product line. The Company also reduces revenue for customer and distributor programs and incentive offerings such as price protection and rebates as well as cooperative marketing arrangements where the fair value of the benefit identified from the costs cannot be reasonably estimated.

The Company may use distributors to sell products to end customers. Revenue from distributors may be recognized on sell-in or sell-through basis depending on the terms of the arrangement between the Company and the distributor.

The Company records costs related to shipping and handling in sales and marketing expenses. Shipping and handling fees billed to customers are included in net sales.

Services sales. The Company’s sale of services mainly consists of extended warranty and on-site services. These services are sold at the time of the sale of the underlying products. Revenue related to extended warranty commences upon the expiration of the standard warranty period and is recognized ratably over the contractual period. Revenue related to on-site services commences upon recognition of the product sale and is recognized ratably over the contractual period. These service contracts are typically one to five years in length. Service revenue has been less than 10% of net sales for all periods presented and is not separately disclosed.

Multiple-element arrangements. Certain of the Company’s arrangements contain multiple elements, consisting of both the Company’s products and services. Revenue allocated to each element is recognized when all the revenue recognition criteria are met for that element.

The Company allocates arrangement consideration at the inception of an arrangement to all deliverables, if they represent a separate unit of accounting, based on their relative estimated stand-alone selling prices. A deliverable qualifies as a separate unit of accounting when the delivered element has stand-alone value to the customer. The guidance establishes the following hierarchy to determine the relative estimated stand-alone selling price to be used for allocating arrangement consideration to deliverables: (i) vendor-specific objective evidence of fair value (“VSOE”), (ii) third-party evidence of selling price (“TPE”) if VSOE is not available, or (iii) the vendor's best estimated selling price (“BESP”) if neither VSOE nor TPE are available.

The Company does not have VSOE for deliverables in its arrangements, and TPE is generally not available because its products are highly differentiated, and the Company is unable to obtain reliable information on the products and pricing practices of the Company’s competitors. BESP reflects the Company’s estimate of what the selling price of a deliverable would be if it were sold regularly on a stand-alone basis.

As such, BESP is generally used to allocate the total arrangement consideration at the arrangement inception. The Company determines BESP for a product by considering multiple factors including, but not limited to, geographies, customer types, internal costs, gross margin objectives and pricing practices.