Collaboration and Financing Agreements

Mallinckrodt LLC Co-Promotion Agreement

On June 6, 2012, the Company and Mallinckrodt LLC (Mallinckrodt) entered into a co-promotion agreement (the Co-Promotion Agreement), which was originally scheduled to terminate on June 30, 2014. Under the terms of the Co-Promotion Agreement, Mallinckrodt was granted a co-exclusive right (with the Company) to promote Sumavel DosePro to a mutually agreed prescriber audience in the United States. Mallinckrodt’s sales team began selling Sumavel DosePro to its customer base of prescribers in August 2012.

In partial consideration of Mallinckrodt’s sales efforts, the Company paid Mallinckrodt a service fee on a quarterly basis through January 31, 2014 that represented a specified fixed percentage of net sales of prescriptions generated from Mallinckrodt’s prescriber audience over a baseline amount of net sales to the same prescriber audience. Amounts payable to Mallinckrodt for service fees are reflected as selling, general and administrative expenses. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, the Company incurred $0 and $100,000, respectively, in service fee expenses under the Co-Promotion Agreement, excluding the tail-payment expense discussed below. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2013, the Company incurred $226,000 and $369,000, respectively, in service fee expenses under the Co-Promotion Agreement

In January 2014, the Company entered into an amendment to the Co-Promotion Agreement, whereby the Co-Promotion Agreement terminated on January 31, 2014. The Company assumed full responsibility for the commercialization of Sumavel DosePro in February 2014. In connection with the termination of the Co-Promotion Agreement, the Company is required to make a one-time tail payment to Mallinckrodt, calculated as a fixed percentage of net sales from the Mallinckrodt targeted prescriber audience during the 12 month period ending on January 31, 2015. A liability of $491,000 for this estimated tail-payment was recorded as service fee expense in selling, general and administrative expenses in the statement of operations during the six months ended June 30, 2014.

Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America LLC Co-Promotion Agreement

On June 27, 2013, the Company entered into a co-promotion agreement (the Valeant Agreement) with Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America LLC (Valeant). Under the terms of the Valeant Agreement, the Company was granted the exclusive right (with Valeant or any of its affiliates) to promote Migranal® (dihydroergotamine mesylate) Nasal Spray (Migranal) to a prescriber audience of physicians and other health care practitioners in the United States. The Company's sales team began promoting Migranal to prescribers in August 2013. The term of the Valeant Agreement will run through December 31, 2015 (unless otherwise terminated), and can be extended by mutual agreement of the parties in additional 12 month increments. Valeant remains responsible for the manufacture, supply and distribution of Migranal for sale in the United States. In addition, Valeant supplies the Company with a specified amount of product samples every six months, and the Company will reimburse Valeant for the cost of additional samples and any promotional materials ordered by the Company. The cost of any additional samples and any promotional materials ordered by the Company will be recognized as selling, general and administrative expenses.

In partial consideration of the Company's sales efforts, Valeant pays the Company a co-promotion fee on a quarterly basis that represents specified percentages of net sales generated by the Company over defined baseline amounts of net sales (Baseline Forecast or Adjusted Baseline Forecast). In addition, upon completion of the co-promotion term, and only if the Valeant Agreement is not terminated by Valeant due to a bankruptcy event (as defined in the Valeant Agreement) or the inability of the Company to comply with its material obligations under the Valeant Agreement, Valeant will be required to pay the Company an additional tail payment calculated as a fixed percentage of the Company's net sales over the Baseline Forecast (or Adjusted Baseline Forecast) during the first full six months following the last day of the term.

The Company may terminate the Valeant Agreement in the event of a Valeant supply failure (as defined in the Valeant Agreement) or material product recall, or if the net sales price in a fiscal quarter is less than a specified percentage of the net sales price in the immediately preceding quarter, if the reduction in such net sales price would have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial return as a result of performance of its obligation under the Valeant Agreement.

Either party may terminate the Valeant Agreement with six months' notice. Either party may terminate the Valeant Agreement with 30 days' prior notice if the Company's net sales within a fiscal quarter fall below the Baseline Forecast (or Adjusted Baseline Forecast) for one or more fiscal quarters, or following the commercial introduction of a generic product to Migranal promoted or otherwise commercialized by a third party in the United States. In addition, either party may terminate the Valeant Agreement in the event of a change of control of itself or the other party (upon 90 days' prior written notice), upon any action taken or objection raised by governmental authority that prevents either party from performing its obligations under the Valeant Agreement, upon the filing of an action alleging patent infringement, in connection with the material breach of the other party's material obligations, or if a bankruptcy event of the other party occurs.

The Company recognizes co-promotion fees received under the Valeant Agreement as service revenue in the period in which its promotional activities generate net sales over the Baseline Forecast or Adjusted Baseline Forecast. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, the Company recognized service revenue of $1,115,000 and $1,980,000, respectively, under the Valeant Agreement.

Astellas Pharma US, Inc. Co-Promotion Agreement

In July 2009, the Company entered into the co-promotion agreement with Astellas (Astellas Co-Promotion Agreement). Under the terms of the agreement, the Company granted Astellas the co-exclusive right (with the Company) to market and sell Sumavel DosePro in the United States until June 30, 2013. Under the Astellas Co-Promotion Agreement, both Astellas and the Company were obligated to collaborate and fund the marketing of Sumavel DosePro and to provide annual minimum levels of sales effort directed at Sumavel DosePro during the term. In December 2011, the Company entered into an amendment to the Astellas Co-Promotion Agreement, or the amended Astellas Co-Promotion Agreement, whereby the agreement terminated on March 31, 2012.

Following completion of the co-promotion term in March 2012, the Company was required to pay Astellas one tail payment in July 2013 and is required to pay Astellas another tail payment in July 2014, calculated as decreasing fixed percentages (ranging from mid-twenties down to a mid-teen percentage) of net sales in the Astellas Segment during the 12 months ended March 31, 2012. The fair value of the tail payments is being accreted through interest expense through the dates of payment in July 2013 and July 2014. The first tail payment of $2,032,000 was made in July 2013. As of June 30, 2014, the tail payment liability of $1,218,000 was included in accounts payable on the consolidated balance sheet. The Company recognized $44,000 and $146,000 of related interest expense during the three months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and recognized $87,000 and $287,000 of related interest expense during the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Healthcare Royalty Financing Agreement

On July 18, 2011, the Company closed the royalty financing agreement (the Financing Agreement) with Healthcare Royalty. Under the terms of the Financing Agreement, the Company borrowed $30,000,000 from Healthcare Royalty (the Borrowed Amount) and the Company agreed to repay such Borrowed Amount together with a return to Healthcare Royalty, as described below, out of the Company’s direct product sales, co-promotion revenues and out-license revenues (collectively, Revenue Interest) that the Company may record or receive as a result of worldwide commercialization of the Company’s products including Sumavel DosePro, Zohydro ER and other future products. The Financing Agreement was originally scheduled to terminate on March 31, 2018, but Healthcare Royalty exercised its right to early terminate the Financing Agreement on May 16, 2014, as discussed below.

Upon the closing of and in connection with the Financing Agreement, the Company issued and sold to Healthcare Royalty $1,500,000 of the Company’s common stock, or 388,601 shares, at a price of $3.86 per share. The Company also issued to Healthcare Royalty a warrant exercisable for up to 225,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. The warrant is exercisable at $9.00 per share and has a term of 10 years. As the warrant contains covenants where compliance with such covenants may be outside the control of the Company, the warrant was recorded as a current liability and marked to market at each reporting date using the Black-Scholes option pricing valuation model (see Note 2).

Under the Financing Agreement, the Company was obligated to pay to Healthcare Royalty:


•	5% to 5.75% of the first $75,000,000 of Revenue Interest recorded (in the case of net product sales) or received (in the case of co-promotion revenues and license fees) by the Company in a calendar year (initially 5% and then 5.75% after the co-promotion agreement with Astellas terminated on March 31, 2012);


•	2.5% of the next $75,000,000 of Revenue Interest recorded (in the case of net product sales) or received (in the case of co-promotion revenues and license fees) by the Company in a calendar year; and


•	0.5% of Revenue Interest over and above $150,000,000 recorded (in the case of net product sales) or received (in the case of co-promotion revenues and license fees) by the Company in a calendar year.

Net sales of Sumavel DosePro outside the United States were only included in the Revenue Interest if such net sales exceeded $10,000,000. The Company was also obligated to make three fixed payments of $10,000,000 on (or before, at the option of the Company) each of January 31, 2015, January 31, 2016 and January 31, 2017.

As security for the payment of the Company's obligations under the Financing Agreement, the Company also entered into a security agreement whereby the Company granted to Healthcare Royalty a security interest in all assets of the Company, including intellectual property and other rights of the Company to the extent necessary or used to commercialize the Company products. Healthcare Royalty’s security interest was extinguished upon early termination of the Financing Agreement on May 16, 2014.

The Company had the option to terminate the Financing Agreement at the Company’s election in connection with a change of control of the Company, upon the payment of a base amount of $52,500,000, or, if higher, an amount that generated a 19% internal rate of return on the Borrowed Amount as of the date of prepayment, in each case reduced by the Revenue Interest and principal payments received by Healthcare Royalty up to the date of prepayment.

Healthcare Royalty had the option to terminate the Financing Agreement at its election in connection with a change of control of the Company (which includes the sale, transfer, assignment or licensing of the Company’s rights in the United States to either Sumavel DosePro or Zohydro ER), or an event of default (which includes the occurrence of a bankruptcy event or other material adverse change in the Company’s business), as defined in the Financing Agreement. Healthcare Royalty exercised its option to terminate the Financing Agreement in connection with the Company's sale of the Sumavel DosePro business to Endo on May 16, 2014. Upon termination of the Financing Agreement by Healthcare Royalty, the Company was obligated to make a final payment (Final Payment) of $40,041,000 to Healthcare Royalty, which was an amount that generated a 17% internal rate of return on the Borrowed Amount as of the date of prepayment, reduced by the Revenue Interest and principal payments received by Healthcare Royalty up to the date of Final Payment. The Company no longer has any further payment obligations under the Financing Agreement after the Final Payment was made.

The rights of the Company and Healthcare Royalty to terminate the Financing Agreement early, as well as the change in the Revenue Interest rate from 5% to 5.75% in connection with the early termination of the Astellas Co-Promotion Agreement, met the definition of an embedded derivative. As a result, the Company carved out these embedded derivatives from the Financing Agreement and determined the fair value of each derivative using various discounted cash flow valuation models taking into account the probability of these events occurring and various scenarios surrounding the potential Revenue Interest payments that would be made if these events occurred (see Note 2). The aggregate fair value of the embedded derivatives as of December 31, 2013 was $233,000 and is included in other long-term liabilities. The fair value of the embedded derivatives of $247,000 was derecognized upon termination of the Financing Agreement on May 16, 2014 and is included in the loss on early extinguishment of debt in the statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2104.

The Company received aggregate net proceeds of $29,485,000 from the Financing Agreement (including the purchase of common stock). The discounts, which were being amortized using the effective interest method over the term of the arrangement within interest expense, include the fair value of the common stock warrants issued to Healthcare Royalty of $790,000 upon the closing of the Financing Agreement, fees payable to Healthcare Royalty in connection with the execution of the arrangement of $476,000 and the fair value of embedded derivatives of $605,000 upon the closing of the Financing Agreement. The Company has recognized other income (expense) in relation to the change in the fair value of the Healthcare Royalty common stock warrant of $150,000 and $272,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, respectively, and $41,000 and $(35,000) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013, respectively, in the statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The Company has recognized other expense in relation to the change in the fair value of the embedded derivatives of $0 and $14,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, respectively, and $480,000 and $562,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013, respectively, in the statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Upon early termination of the Financing Agreement on May 16, 2014, and the Company's Final Payment to Healthcare Royalty, the Company determined that the early termination resulted in an extinguishment of the outstanding debt and recognized a loss on early extinguishment of debt of $1,254,000 which was recorded as non-operating expenses in the statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The loss on early extinguishment of debt is related to the write-off of the unamortized balances of the debt discounts (which includes derecognition of the embedded derivative liabilities, as discussed above), debt acquisition costs, and accrued interest expenses related to the Financing Agreement.