Notes payable

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Notes Payable [Abstract]

Notes Payable Disclosure [Text Block]

16. Notes payable

Notes payable are presented to certain suppliers as a payment against the outstanding trade payables.

Notes payable are mainly bank acceptable bills which are non-interest bearing and generally mature within six months. The outstanding bank acceptance bills are secured by restricted cash deposited in banks. Outstanding bank acceptance bills were $73,607,284 and $54,859,478 as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.