Exhibit 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We consent to the reference to our firm under the caption “Experts” in this Registration Statement (Form S-3) and related Prospectus of Athersys, Inc. for the registration of 16,600,000 shares of its common stock and to the incorporation by reference therein of our reports dated March 12, 2015, with respect to the consolidated financial statements and schedule of Athersys, Inc., and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of Athersys, Inc., included in its Annual Report (Form 10-K) for the year ended December 31, 2014, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Cleveland, Ohio

December 18, 2015