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Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Significant Accounting Policies
Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation – The consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP").
The consolidated financial statements of the Company are comprised of the consolidation of Evercore LP and Evercore LP's wholly-owned and majority-owned direct and indirect subsidiaries, including Evercore Group L.L.C. ("EGL"), a registered broker-dealer in the U.S. The Company's policy is to consolidate all subsidiaries in which it has a controlling financial interest, as well as any variable interest entities ("VIEs") where the Company is deemed to be the primary beneficiary, when it has the power to make the decisions that most significantly affect the economic performance of the VIE and has the obligation to absorb significant losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company reviews factors, including the rights of the equity holders and obligations of equity holders to absorb losses or receive expected residual returns, to determine if the investment is a VIE. In evaluating whether the Company is the primary beneficiary, the Company evaluates its economic interests in the entity held either directly or indirectly by the Company. The consolidation analysis is generally performed qualitatively. This analysis, which requires judgment, is performed at each reporting date.
Evercore LP is a VIE and the Company is the primary beneficiary. Specifically, the Company has the majority economic interest in Evercore LP and has decision making authority that significantly affects the economic performance of the entity while the limited partners have no kick-out or substantive participating rights. The assets and liabilities of Evercore LP represent substantially all of the consolidated assets and liabilities of the Company with the exception of U.S. corporate taxes and related items, which are presented on the Company's (Parent Company Only) Condensed Statements of Financial Position in Note 24.
Evercore ISI International Limited ("ISI U.K.") and Evercore Partners International LLP ("Evercore U.K.") are also VIEs and the Company is the primary beneficiary of these VIEs. Specifically for ISI U.K., the Company provides financial support through a transfer pricing agreement with this entity, which exposes the Company to losses that are potentially significant to the entity, and has decision making authority that significantly affects the economic performance of the entity. The Company has the majority economic interest in Evercore U.K. and has decision making authority that significantly affects the economic performance of this entity. The Company included in its Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition ISI U.K. and Evercore U.K. assets of $190,223 and liabilities of $122,460 at December 31, 2018 and assets of $126,078 and liabilities of $102,487 at December 31, 2017. See Note 10 for further information on the Company's VIEs.
All intercompany balances and transactions with the Company's subsidiaries have been eliminated upon consolidation.
At the time of the formation transaction, the members of Evercore LP (the "Members") received Class A limited partnership units of Evercore LP ("Class A LP Units") in consideration for their contribution of the various entities included in the historical combined financial statements of the Company. The Class A LP Units were subject to vesting requirements and transfer restrictions and are exchangeable on a one-for-one basis for shares of Class A common stock ("Class A Shares"). At December 31, 2013, all Class A LP Units were fully vested. On October 31, 2014, in conjunction with the acquisition of the operating businesses of International Strategy & Investment ("ISI"), the Company issued vested and unvested Class E limited partnership units of Evercore LP ("Class E LP Units") and vested and unvested Class G and H limited partnership interests of Evercore LP ("Class G and H LP Interests"). At December 31, 2017, all Class E LP Units were fully vested and all of the Class G LP Interests either converted into Class E LP Units or were forfeited pursuant to their performance terms. In 2017, the Company exchanged all of the outstanding Class H LP Interests for a number of Class J limited partnership units of Evercore LP ("Class J LP Units"). In 2016, in conjunction with the appointment of the Executive Chairman, the Company issued unvested Class I-P Units of Evercore LP ("Class I-P Units"). The Class I-P Units are contingently exchangeable into Class I limited partnership units of Evercore LP ("Class I LP Units"), which are exchangeable on a one-for-one basis for Class A Shares. In 2017, the Company issued unvested Class K-P Units of Evercore LP ("Class K-P Units"), which are contingently exchangeable into Class K limited partnership units of Evercore LP ("Class K LP Units"), which are ultimately exchangeable on a one-for-one basis for Class A Shares. See Note 18 for further information. The Company accounts for exchanges of Evercore LP partnership units ("LP Units") for Class A Shares based on the carrying amounts of the Members' LP Units immediately before the exchange.
The Company's interest in Evercore LP is within the scope of Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 810-20, "Control of Partnerships and Similar Entities." The Company consolidates Evercore LP and records noncontrolling interest for the economic interest in Evercore LP held directly by others, which includes the Members.
Revenue Recognition – The Company adopted Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" ("ASU 2014-09") on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method of transition applied to contracts which were not completed as of January 1, 2018. The Company did not have a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the date of adoption. ASU 2014-09 creates ASC 606, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers," ("ASC 606"), which provides a five step model to revenue recognition as follows:
Step 1: Identify the contract(s) with a customer
Step 2: Identify the performance obligations in the contract
Step 3: Determine the transaction price
Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract
Step 5: Recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation
The Company applies this model to its Investment Banking and Asset Management revenue streams. Prior to January 1, 2018, the Company recorded revenue in accordance with ASC 605, "Revenue Recognition" ("ASC 605"). Under ASC 605, the Company recognized success related advisory fees upon closing of the transaction regardless of the probability of the outcome, which differs under ASC 606 as described further below. Furthermore, ASC 605 allowed expenses related to underwriting transactions to be reflected net in related revenues; under ASC 606, those expenses are presented gross in the results of operations.
Investment Banking Revenue – The Company earns investment banking fees from clients for providing advisory services on strategic matters, including mergers, acquisitions, divestitures, leveraged buyouts, restructurings, activism and defense and similar corporate finance matters. The Company's Investment Banking services also include services related to securities underwriting, private placement services and commissions for agency-based equity trading services and equity research. Revenue is recognized as the Company satisfies performance obligations, upon transfer of control of promised services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for these services. The Company’s contracts with customers may include promises to transfer multiple services to a customer. Determining whether services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may require significant judgment. For performance obligations satisfied over time, determining a measure of progress requires the Company to make significant judgments that affect the timing of revenue recognized. For certain advisory services, the Company has concluded that performance obligations are satisfied over time. This is based on the premise that the Company transfers control of services and the client simultaneously receives benefits from these services over the course of an engagement. For performance obligations satisfied at a point in time, determining when control transfers requires the Company to make significant judgments that affect the timing of when revenue is recognized. The Company records Investment Banking Revenue on the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the following:
Advisory Fees In general, advisory fees are paid at the time the Company signs an engagement letter, during the course of the engagement or when an engagement is completed. In some circumstances, and as a function of the terms of an engagement letter, the Company may receive fixed retainer fees for financial advisory services concurrent with, or soon after, the execution of the engagement letter or over the course of the engagement, where the engagement letter will specify a future service period associated with those fees. The Company may also receive announcement fees upon announcement of a transaction in addition to success fees upon closing of a transaction or another defined outcome, both of which represent variable consideration. This variable consideration will be included in the transaction price, as defined, and recognized as revenue to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue will not occur. When assessing probability, the Company applies careful analysis and judgment to the remaining factors necessary for completion of a transaction, including factors outside of the Company's control. A transaction can fail to be completed for many reasons which are outside of the Company’s control, including failure of parties to agree upon final terms, to secure necessary board or shareholder approvals, to secure necessary financing or to achieve necessary regulatory approvals, or due to adverse market conditions. In the case of bankruptcy engagements, fees are subject to approval of the court.
With respect to retainer, announcement and success fees, there are no distinct performance obligations aside from advisory activities, which are generally focused on achieving a milestone (typically, the announcement and/or the closing of a transaction). These advisory services are provided over time throughout the contract period. The Company recognizes revenue when distinct services are performed and when it is probable that a reversal of revenue will not occur, which is generally upon the announcement or closing of a transaction. Accordingly, in any given period, advisory fees recognized for certain transactions may relate to services performed in prior periods. In circumstances in which retainer fees are received in advance of services, these fees are initially recorded as deferred revenue (a contract liability), which is recorded in Other Current Liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, and subsequently recognized as advisory fee revenue in Advisory Fees on the Consolidated Statements of Operations during the applicable time period within which the service is rendered. Announcement fees for advisory services are recognized upon announcement (the point at which it is determined that the reversal of revenue is not probable) and all other requirements for revenue recognition are satisfied. A portion of the announcement fee may be deferred based on the services remaining to be completed, if any. Success fees for advisory services, such as merger and acquisition ("M&A") advice, are recognized when it is determined that the reversal of revenue is not probable and all other requirements for revenue recognition are satisfied, which is generally at closing of the transaction.
With respect to fairness or valuation opinions, fees are fixed and there is a distinct performance obligation, since the opinion is rendered separate from any other advisory activities. Revenues related to fairness or valuation opinions are recognized at the point in time when the opinion has been rendered and delivered to the client. In the event the Company was to receive an opinion or success fee in advance of the completion conditions noted above, such fee would initially be recorded as deferred revenue (a contract liability) in Other Current Liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and subsequently recognized as advisory fee revenue in Advisory Fees on the Consolidated Statements of Operations when the conditions of completion have been satisfied.
Placement fee revenues are attributable to capital raising on both corporations and financial sponsors. The Company recognizes placement fees in accordance with the terms of the engagement letter, which are generally contingent on the achievement of a capital commitment by an investor, at the time of the client's acceptance of capital or capital commitments.
Underwriting Fees – Underwriting fees are attributable to public and private offerings of equity and debt securities and are recognized at the point in time when the offering has been deemed to be completed by the lead manager of the underwriting group. When the offering is completed, the performance obligation has been satisfied and the Company recognizes the applicable management fee, selling concession and underwriting fee. Offering expenses are presented gross in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Commissions and Related Fees – Commissions and Related Fees include commissions received from customers for the execution of agency-based brokerage transactions in listed and over-the-counter equities. The execution of each trade order represents a distinct performance obligation and the transaction price at the point in time of trade order execution is fixed. Trade execution is satisfied at the point in time that the customer has control of the asset and as such, fees are recorded on a trade date basis or, in the case of payments under commission sharing arrangements, when earned. The Company also earns subscription fees for the sales of research. The delivery of research under subscription arrangements represents a distinct performance obligation that is satisfied over time. The fees are fixed and are recognized over the period in which the performance obligation is satisfied. Cash received before the subscription period ends is initially recorded as deferred revenue (a contract liability) in Other Current Liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, and is recognized in Commissions and Related Fees on the Consolidated Statements of Operations ratably over the period in which the related services are rendered.
Taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are presented on a net basis on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Asset Management and Administration Fees – The Company's Investment Management business generates revenues from the management of client assets and through interests in private equity funds which are not managed by the Company. The Company’s contracts with customers may include promises to transfer multiple services to a customer. Determining whether services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may require significant judgment. For performance obligations satisfied over time, determining a measure of progress requires the Company to make significant judgments that affect the timing of revenue recognized.
Asset management fees for third-party clients are generally based on the value of the assets under management and any performance fees that may be negotiated with the client. The management of asset portfolios represents a distinct performance obligation that is satisfied over time. These fees are generally recognized over the period that the related services are provided and in which the performance obligation is satisfied, based upon the beginning, ending or average value of the assets for the relevant period. Fees paid in advance of services rendered are initially recorded as deferred revenue (a contract liability), which is recorded in Other Current Liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, and are recognized in Asset Management and Administration Fees on the Consolidated Statements of Operations ratably over the period in which the related service is rendered. Generally, to the extent performance fee arrangements have been negotiated, these fees are earned when the likelihood of clawback is mathematically improbable.
Fees generated for serving as an independent fiduciary and/or trustee are either based on a flat fee, are pre-negotiated with the client or are based on the value of assets under administration. The management of assets under administration represents a distinct performance obligation that is satisfied over time. For ongoing engagements, fees are billed quarterly either in advance or in arrears. Fees paid in advance of services rendered and satisfaction of the performance obligation are initially recorded as deferred revenue (a contract liability) in Other Current Liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, and are recognized in Asset Management and Administration Fees on the Consolidated Statements of Operations ratably over the period in which the related services are rendered and the performance obligation is satisfied.
The Company records performance fee revenue from the private equity funds when the returns on the private equity funds' investments exceed certain threshold minimums. These performance fees, or carried interest, are computed in accordance with the underlying private equity funds' partnership agreements and are based on investment performance over the life of each investment partnership. The Company records performance fees upon the earlier of the termination of the investment fund or when the likelihood of clawback is mathematically improbable.
Other Revenue, Including Interest and Investments, and Interest Expense – Other Revenue and Interest Expense is derived from investing customer funds in financing transactions. These transactions are principally repurchases and resales of Mexican government and government agency securities. Revenue and expenses associated with these transactions are recognized over the term of the repurchase or resale transaction.
Other Revenue also includes income (losses) earned on marketable securities, including our investment funds which are used as an economic hedge against our deferred cash compensation program, certificates of deposit, cash and cash equivalents and on the Company’s debt security investment in G5 Holdings S.A. ("G5"), as well as adjustments to amounts due pursuant to the Company’s tax receivable agreement, subsequent to its initial establishment related to changes in enacted tax rates, and gains (losses) resulting from foreign currency fluctuations, principal trading and realized and unrealized gains and losses on interests in Private Equity funds which are not managed by the Company.
Interest Expense also includes interest expense associated with the Company’s Notes Payable, subordinated borrowings and lines of credit.
Client Expense Reimbursement – In the conduct of its financial advisory service engagements, the Company receives reimbursement for certain expenses incurred by the Company in the course of performing services. Transaction-related expenses, which are billable to clients, are recognized as revenue and recorded in Accounts Receivable on the later of the date of an executed engagement letter or the date the expense is incurred.
Noncontrolling Interest – Noncontrolling interest recorded in the consolidated financial statements of the Company relates to the portions of the subsidiaries not owned by the Company. The Company allocates net income to noncontrolling interests held at Evercore LP and at the operating entity level, where required, by multiplying the relative ownership interest of the noncontrolling interest holders for the period by the net income or loss for the entity which the noncontrolling interest relates. In circumstances where the governing documents of the entity to which the noncontrolling interest relates require special allocations of profits (losses) to the controlling and noncontrolling interest holders, then the net income or loss of these entities is allocated based on these special allocations.
ASC 810 "Consolidation" ("ASC 810") requires reporting entities to present noncontrolling (minority) interests as equity (as opposed to as a liability or mezzanine equity) and provides guidance on the accounting for transactions between an entity and noncontrolling interests. Noncontrolling Interest is presented as a component of Total Equity on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and below Net Income on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. In addition, there is an allocation of the components of Total Comprehensive Income between controlling interests and noncontrolling interests. Changes in a parent's ownership interest while the parent retains control of its subsidiary are accounted for as equity transactions.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments – The majority of the Company's assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value or at amounts that approximate fair value. Such assets and liabilities include cash and cash equivalents, investments, marketable securities, financial instruments owned and pledged as collateral, repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements, receivables and payables and accruals. See Note 11 for further information.
Cash and Cash Equivalents – Cash and Cash Equivalents consist of short-term highly-liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.
Marketable Securities and Certificates of Deposit – Marketable Securities include investments in U.S. Treasury securities, corporate, municipal and other debt securities and investments in readily-marketable equity securities, which are accounted for under ASC 320-10, "Investments - Debt Securities" and ASC 321-10, "Investments - Equity Securities," ("ASC 321-10") following the adoption of ASU No. 2016-01, "Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities" ("ASU 2016-01") in January 2018. The securities are carried at fair value on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition; the debt securities are valued based on quoted prices that exist in the marketplace for similar issues and the equity securities are valued using quoted market prices on applicable exchanges or markets. Marketable Securities transactions are recorded as of the trade date.

The Company invests in readily marketable debt and equity securities which are managed by Evercore Wealth Management L.L.C. ("EWM"), as well as in a portfolio of exchange-traded funds and mutual funds as an economic hedge against the Company’s deferred cash compensation program. The debt securities are classified as available-for-sale and any unrealized gains and losses are recorded as net increases or decreases to Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), net of tax, and realized gains and losses on these securities are included in Other Revenue, Including Interest and Investments on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on the equity securities are recorded in Other Revenue, Including Interest and Investments, beginning on January 1, 2018, from the application of ASU 2016-01. EGL also invests in a fixed income portfolio consisting of U.S. Treasury securities and municipal bonds, which are carried at fair value, with changes in fair value recorded in Other Revenue, Including Interest and Investments on the Consolidated Statements of Operations, as required for broker-dealers in securities. Certificates of Deposit consist of investments with certain banks with original maturities of six months or less when purchased.
Financial Instruments Owned and Pledged as Collateral at Fair Value – The Company's Financial Instruments Owned and Pledged as Collateral at Fair Value consist principally of foreign government obligations, which are recorded on a trade-date basis and are stated at quoted market values. Related gains and losses are reflected in Other Revenue, Including Interest and Investments, on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company pledges the Financial Instruments Owned and Pledged as Collateral at Fair Value to collateralize certain financing arrangements, which permits the counterparty to pledge the securities.
Securities Purchased Under Agreements to Resell and Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase – Securities Purchased Under Agreements to Resell and Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase are treated as collateralized financing transactions. The agreements provide that the transferor will receive substantially the same securities in return at the maturity of the agreement. These transactions are carried at the amounts at which the related securities will be subsequently resold or repurchased, plus accrued interest payable or receivable. As the maturities on these transactions are short-term in nature (i.e. mature on the next business day) and the underlying securities are debt instruments of the Mexican Government or its agencies, their carrying amounts approximate fair value. The Company periodically assesses the collectability or credit quality related to securities purchased under agreements to resell.
Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets – Accounts Receivable consists primarily of investment banking fees and expense reimbursements charged to the Company's clients. The Company records Accounts Receivable, net of any allowance for doubtful accounts, when relevant revenue recognition criteria has been achieved and payment is conditioned on the passage of time. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts to provide coverage for estimated losses from its client receivables. The Company determines the adequacy of the allowance by estimating the probability of loss based on the Company's analysis of the client's creditworthiness and specifically reserves against exposure where the Company determines the receivables are impaired, which may include situations where a fee is in dispute or litigation has commenced.
The Investment Banking and Investment Management receivables collection periods generally are within 90 days of invoice, with the exception of placement fees, which are generally collected within 180 days of invoice, and fees related to private funds capital raising, which are collected in a period exceeding one year. The collection period for restructuring transaction receivables may exceed 90 days. Receivables that are collected in a period exceeding one year are reflected in Other Assets on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
The Company records contract assets within Other Current Assets and Other Assets on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition when payment is due from a client conditioned on future performance or the occurrence of other events. The Company also recognizes a contract asset for the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer if the benefit of those costs is expected to be longer than one year. The Company applies a practical expedient to expense costs to obtain a contract as incurred when the amortization period is one year or less.
Investments – The Company's investments include investments in unconsolidated affiliated companies and other investments in private equity partnerships:
Affiliates – The Company has equity interests in ABS Investment Management Holdings LP and ABS Investment Management GP LLC (collectively, "ABS"), Atalanta Sosnoff Capital, LLC ("Atalanta Sosnoff"), Luminis Partners ("Luminis") and G5 (through December 31, 2017, the date the Company exchanged all of its outstanding equity interests for debentures of G5) and includes its share of the income (losses) within Income from Equity Method Investments, as a component of Income Before Income Taxes, on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The Company assesses its equity method investments annually for impairment, or more frequently if circumstances indicate impairment may have occurred. See Note 10 for further information.
Private Equity – The investments in private equity funds consist primarily of investments in marketable and non-marketable securities of the portfolio companies. The underlying investments held by the private equity funds are valued based on quoted market prices or estimated fair value if there is no public market. The fair value of non-marketable securities is determined by giving consideration to a range of factors, including but not limited to, market conditions, operating performance (current and projected) and subsequent financing transactions. Due to the inherent uncertainty in the valuation of these non-marketable securities, estimated values may materially differ from the values that would have been used had a ready market existed for these investments. Investments in publicly-traded securities held by the private equity funds are valued using quoted market prices. The Company recognizes its allocable share of the changes in fair value of the private equity funds' underlying investments as realized and unrealized gains (losses) within Other Revenue, Including Interest and Investments, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The Company also maintains investments in Glisco Manager Holdings LP, Trilantic Capital Partners ("Trilantic") and an equity security in a private company, which are accounted for as equity securities without readily determinable fair values in accordance with ASC 321-10, as well as an investment in a debt security that is accounted for as a held-to-maturity security. The Company assesses its investments quarterly for impairment, or more frequently if circumstances indicate impairment may have occurred. See Note 10 for further information.
Furniture, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements – Fixed assets, including equipment, hardware and software and leasehold improvements, are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Furniture, equipment and computer hardware and software are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, primarily ranging from three to seven years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the term of the lease or the useful life of the asset. Certain costs associated with the acquisition or development of internal-use software and cloud computing arrangements are also capitalized. Once the software is ready for its intended use, the capitalized costs are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the software or hosting arrangement.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets – Goodwill is tested for impairment annually, as of November 30th, or more frequently if circumstances indicate impairment may have occurred. The Company assesses whether any goodwill allocated to its applicable reporting unit is impaired by comparing the fair value of each reporting unit with its respective carrying amount. For acquired businesses, contingent consideration is recognized and measured at fair value as of the acquisition date and at subsequent reporting periods.
The Company tests goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level. In determining the fair value for each reporting unit the Company utilizes either a market multiple approach or a discounted cash flow methodology based on the adjusted cash flows from operations, or a weighted combination of both a market multiple approach and discounted cash flow methodology. The market multiple approach includes applying the average earnings multiples of comparable public companies for their respective reporting unit multiplied by the forecasted earnings of the respective reporting unit to yield an estimate of fair value. The discounted cash flow methodology begins with the forecasted adjusted cash flows from each of the reporting units and uses a discount rate that reflects the weighted average cost of capital adjusted for the risks inherent in the future cash flows.
The Company adopted ASU No. 2017-04, "Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment" ("ASU 2017-04") effective April 1, 2017. ASU 2017-04 eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test and requires companies to recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value.
Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives and are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable as prescribed by ASC 360, "Property, Plant, and Equipment" ("ASC 360").
See Note 5 for further information.
Compensation and Benefits – Compensation includes salaries, bonuses (discretionary awards and guaranteed amounts), severance, deferred cash and share-based compensation. Cash bonuses are accrued over the respective service periods to which they relate and deferred cash and share-based bonuses are expensed prospectively over their requisite service period.
Share-Based Payments and Other Deferred Compensation – The Company accounts for share-based payments in accordance with ASC 718, "Compensation – Stock Compensation" ("ASC 718"). See Note 18 for further information.
Compensation expense recognized pursuant to share-based awards is based on the grant date fair value of the award. The fair value (as measured on the grant date) of awards that vest from one to five years ("Service-based Awards") is amortized over the vesting periods or requisite service periods as required under ASC 718, however, the vesting of some Service-based Awards will accelerate upon the occurrence of certain events. The Company amortizes the grant-date fair value of share-based compensation awards made to employees, who are or will become retirement eligible prior to the stated vesting date, over the expected substantive service period. For the purposes of calculating diluted net income per share attributable to Evercore Inc. common shareholders, unvested Service-based Awards are included in the diluted weighted average Class A Shares outstanding using the treasury stock method. Once vested, restricted stock units ("RSUs") and restricted stock are included in the basic and diluted weighted average Class A Shares outstanding. Expense relating to RSUs, restricted stock and LP Units is charged to Employee Compensation and Benefits within the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Compensation expense is recognized pursuant to performance-based awards if it is probable that the performance condition will be achieved. See Note 18 for a discussion of the awards issued in conjunction with the Company's acquisition of the operating businesses of ISI, as well as the Company's Long-term Incentive Plan and other performance-based awards.
Awards classified as liabilities as required under ASC 718, such as cash settled share-based awards, are re-measured at fair value at each reporting period.
Foreign Currency Translation – Foreign currency assets and liabilities have been translated at rates of exchange prevailing at the end of the periods presented. Income and expenses transacted in foreign currency have been translated at average monthly exchange rates during the period. Translation gains and losses are included in the foreign currency translation adjustment as a component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) in the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity and Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. Exchange gains and losses arising from translating intercompany balances of a long-term investment nature are recorded in the foreign currency translation account while transactional exchange gains and losses are included in Other Revenue, Including Interest and Investments, on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Income Taxes – The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, "Income Taxes" ("ASC 740"), which requires the recognition of tax benefits or expenses on temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of its assets and liabilities, as disclosed in Note 21.
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when such differences are expected to reverse. Such temporary differences are reflected on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as deferred tax assets and liabilities. The Company accounts for the impact of changes in statutory income tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities in the year of enactment. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when it is more-likely-than-not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Significant management judgment is required in determining the Company's provision for income taxes, deferred tax assets and liabilities and any valuation allowance recorded against the Company's net deferred tax assets.
The Company adopted ASU No. 2016-09, "Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting" ("ASU 2016-09") on January 1, 2017, which resulted in excess tax benefits and deficiencies from the delivery of Class A Shares under share-based payment arrangements being recognized in the Company's Provision for Income Taxes, rather than in Additional Paid-In-Capital under legacy U.S. GAAP. See Note 21 for further information.
ASC 740 provides a benefit recognition model with a two-step approach consisting of "more-likely-than-not" recognition criteria, and a measurement attribute that measures the position as the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. ASC 740 also requires the recognition of liabilities created by differences between tax positions taken in a tax return and amounts recognized in the financial statements. See Note 21 for further information.
Reclassifications – During 2018, certain balances on the Consolidated Statements of Operations for prior periods were reclassified to conform to their current presentation.
Execution, Clearing and Custody Fees Other Operating Expenses of $13,572 and $16,278 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and Professional Fees of $1,206 and $1,266 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, were reclassified to a new expense line item, "Execution, Clearing and Custody Fees" on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Other Revenue, Including Interest and Investments The Company renamed "Other Revenue, Including Interest" to "Other Revenue, Including Interest and Investments" on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and reclassified ($701) and $92 of principal trading gains (losses) from Investment Banking Revenue for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $2,037 and $12,403 of net realized and unrealized gains on private equity investments from Investment Management Revenue for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, to "Other Revenue, Including Interest and Investments."
Investment Banking Revenue Following the above reclassifications, the Company disaggregated "Investment Banking Revenue" into "Advisory Fees," "Underwriting Fees" and "Commissions and Related Fees" on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Asset Management and Administration Fees Following the above reclassifications, the Company renamed "Investment Management Revenue" to "Asset Management and Administration Fees" on the Consolidated Statements of Operations, which includes management fees from the wealth management and institutional asset management businesses.