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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 10-Q
 
xQuarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 
For the quarterly period ended December 31, 2023
 
OR
 
oTransition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 
For the transition period from               to               
 
Commission File Number:000-52033
 
RED TRAIL ENERGY, LLC
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
North Dakota 76-0742311
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)		 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
   
3682 Highway 8 South, P.O. Box 11, Richardton, ND 58652
(Address of principal executive offices)

(701) 974-3308
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
☒Yes☐No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
☒Yes☐No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large Accelerated Filer oAccelerated Filero
Non-Accelerated Filer xSmaller Reporting Company☐
Emerging Growth Company☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
o Yes x No

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date: 

As of February 15, 2024, there were 40,148,160 Class A Membership Units issued and outstanding.
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INDEX

Page Number

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PART I.        FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

RED TRAIL ENERGY, LLC
Condensed Balance Sheets

 ASSETSDecember 31, 2023September 30, 2023
 (Unaudited)
Current Assets
Cash and equivalents$16,563,108 $11,617,435 
Restricted cash - margin account4,703,269 2,933,668 
Accounts receivable, net, primarily related party4,999,684 7,669,441 
Inventory16,395,696 9,099,945 
Prepaid expenses1,151,180 369,430 
Total current assets43,812,937 31,689,919 
Property, Plant and Equipment
Land1,333,681 1,333,681 
Land improvements17,662,538 17,662,538 
Buildings15,320,492 15,320,492 
Plant and equipment122,534,331 122,444,522 
Construction in progress2,345,183 1,986,776 
159,196,225 158,748,009 
Less accumulated depreciation84,799,719 83,208,524 
Net property, plant and equipment74,396,506 75,539,485 
Other Assets
Right of use operating lease assets, net2,022,812 2,122,550 
Investment in RPMG940,642 940,642 
Patronage equity6,391,988 6,457,604 
Deposits40,000 40,000 
Total other assets9,395,442 9,560,796 
Total Assets$127,604,885 $116,790,200 

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements are an integral part of this Statement.
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RED TRAIL ENERGY, LLC
Condensed Balance Sheets

LIABILITIES AND MEMBERS' EQUITYDecember 31, 2023September 30, 2023
 (Unaudited)
Current Liabilities
Accounts payable12,355,131 6,805,187 
Accrued expenses2,368,267 1,921,880 
Distribution payable6,022,224 — 
Commodities derivative instruments, at fair value (see note 3)1,467,392 — 
Accrued loss on firm purchase commitments (see notes 4 and 8)1,394,000 — 
Customer deposits154,901 38,294 
Current maturities of notes payable2,123,035 2,341,784 
Current portion of operating lease liabilities369,278 376,021 
Total current liabilities26,254,228 11,483,166 
Long-Term Liabilities
Notes payable20,188,095 20,188,774 
Long-term operating lease liabilities1,653,534 1,746,528 
Total long-term liabilities21,841,629 21,935,302 
Commitments and Contingencies (Notes 4, 5, 7 and 8)
Members’ Equity 40,148,160 Class A Membership Units issued and outstanding
79,509,028 83,371,732 
Total Liabilities and Members’ Equity$127,604,885 $116,790,200 

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements are an integral part of this Statement.
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RED TRAIL ENERGY, LLC
Condensed Statements of Operations (Unaudited)

Three Months EndedThree Months Ended
December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
(Unaudited)(Unaudited)
Revenues, primarily related party$43,456,009 $44,498,440 
Cost of Goods Sold
Cost of goods sold38,958,689 40,645,203 
Loss on firm purchase commitments1,394,000 464,000 
Total Cost of Goods Sold40,352,689 41,109,203 
Gross Profit3,103,320 3,389,237 
General and Administrative Expenses1,295,942 1,240,310 
Operating Income1,807,378 2,148,927 
Other Income (Expense)
Interest income165,894 13,073 
Other income (expense), net455,147 (17,511)
Interest (expense)(267,904)(279,274)
Total other income (expense), net353,137 (283,712)
Net Income$2,160,515 $1,865,215 
Weighted Average Units Outstanding
  Basic40,148,160 40,148,160 
  Diluted40,148,160 40,148,160 
Net Income Per Unit
  Basic$0.05 $0.05 
  Diluted$0.05 $0.05 
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements are an integral part of this Statement.


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RED TRAIL ENERGY, LLC
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
Three Months EndedThree Months Ended
December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net income$2,160,515 $1,865,215 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization1,591,194 1,577,279 
Loss on disposal of fixed assets— 19,759 
Change in fair value of derivative instruments1,467,393 (959,510)
Loss on firm purchase commitments1,394,000 464,000 
Noncash patronage equity65,616 — 
Accounts receivable, net, primarily related party2,669,757 (530,859)
Inventory(8,689,751)(3,464,178)
Prepaid expenses(781,751)(583,641)
Customer deposits116,607 270,154 
Accounts payable5,549,944 8,013,288 
Accrued expenses446,388 148,233 
Accrued loss on firm purchase commitments1,394,000 464,000 
Net cash provided by operating activities7,383,912 7,283,740 
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Investment in RPMG— (335,642)
Proceeds from disposal of fixed assets— 23,000 
Capital expenditures(448,214)(1,029,977)
   Net cash used in investing activities(448,214)(1,342,619)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Distribution Paid(995)— 
Proceeds from notes payable— 6,789,836 
Debt repayments(219,429)(1,141)
Net cash (used for) provided by financing activities(220,424)6,788,695 
Net Change in Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash6,715,274 12,729,816 
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash - Beginning of Period14,551,103 11,152,015 
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash - End of Period$21,266,377 $23,881,831 
Reconciliation of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
Cash and cash equivalents$16,563,108 $19,851,325 
Restricted cash4,703,269 4,030,506 
Total Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash$21,266,377 $23,881,831 
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information
Interest paid$267,904 $279,274 
Noncash Investing and Financing Activities
 Distribution payable$6,022,224 $— 
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements are an integral part of this Statement.
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RED TRAIL ENERGY, LLC
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023

The accompanying condensed unaudited financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America have been condensed or omitted as permitted by such rules and regulations. These financial statements and related notes should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company's audited financial statements for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023, contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K.

In the opinion of management, the interim condensed unaudited financial statements reflect all adjustments considered necessary for fair presentation. The adjustments made to these statements consist only of normal recurring adjustments. Operating results for the periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2024.

1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Nature of Business

Red Trail Energy, LLC, a North Dakota limited liability company (the “Company”), owns and operates a 50 million gallon annual name-plate production ethanol plant near Richardton, North Dakota (the “Plant”).

Accounting Estimates

Management uses estimates and assumptions in preparing these financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Those estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the reported revenues and expenses. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the useful lives of property, plant and equipment, inventory, and allowance for credit losses. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Net Income Per Unit

Net income per unit is calculated on a basic and fully diluted basis using the weighted average units outstanding during the period.


2. REVENUE

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue from sales of ethanol and co-products at the point in time when the performance obligations in the contract are met, which is when the customer obtains control of such products and typically occurs upon shipment (depending on the terms of the underlying contracts). Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration expected to be received in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. In some instances, the Company enters into contracts with customers that contain multiple performance obligations to deliver specified volumes of co-products over a contractual period of less than 12 months. In such instances, the Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation identified in the contract based on relative standalone selling prices and recognizes the related revenue when control of each individual product is transferred to the customer in satisfaction of the corresponding performance obligation.

Revenue by Source

The following table disaggregates revenue by major source for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
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RED TRAIL ENERGY, LLC
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023

RevenuesFor the three months ended December 31, 2023 (unaudited)For the three months ended December 31, 2022 (unaudited)
Ethanol, E85 and Industrial Alcohol$32,058,346 $31,751,619 
Distillers Grains8,001,772 9,536,527 
Syrup144,647 150,122 
Corn Oil3,179,871 3,009,481 
Other71,373 50,691 
Total revenue from contracts with customers$43,456,009 $44,498,440 

Shipping and Handling Costs

We account for shipping and handling activities related to contracts with customers as costs to fulfill our promises to transfer the associated products. Accordingly, we record customer payments associated with shipping and handling costs as a component of revenue and classify such costs as a component of cost of goods sold.

Customer Deposits

Customer deposits are contract liabilities for payments in excess of revenue recognized. Customer deposits are recognized when modified distillers grains customers make prepayments on their contracts. The ending and opening balances for accounts receivable and customer deposits were as follows:

For the period ended December 31, 2023 (unaudited)For the period ended September 30, 2023 (unaudited)For the period beginning October 1, 2022 (unaudited)
Accounts receivable$4,999,684 $7,669,441 $4,879,011 
Customer deposits154,901 38,294 10,636 

3. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

Commodity Contracts

As part of its hedging strategy, the Company may enter into ethanol, soybean, soybean oil, natural gas and corn commodity-based derivatives in order to protect cash flows from fluctuations caused by volatility in commodity prices in order to protect gross profit margins from potentially adverse effects of market and price volatility on ethanol sales, corn oil sales, and corn purchase commitments where the prices are set at a future date. These derivatives are not designated as effective hedges for accounting purposes. For derivative instruments that are not accounted for as hedges, or for the ineffective portions of qualifying hedges, the change in fair market value is recorded through earnings in the period of change. Ethanol derivative fair market value gains or losses are included in the results of operations and are classified as revenue, and corn derivative changes in fair market value are included in cost of goods sold.
As of:December 31, 2023 (unaudited)September 30, 2023
Contract Type# of ContractsNotional Amount (Qty)Fair Value# of ContractsNotional Amount (Qty)Fair Value
Corn options1,680 8,400,000 bushels$1,028,062 — — bushels$— 
Natural gas futures53 530,000 dk$439,330 — — dk$— 
Total fair value$1,467,392 $— 
Amounts are combined on the balance sheet - negative numbers represent liabilities

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RED TRAIL ENERGY, LLC
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023

The following tables provide details regarding the Company's derivative financial instruments at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023:
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Balance Sheet - as of December 31, 2023 (unaudited)AssetLiability
Commodity derivative instruments, at fair value$— $1,467,392 
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments for accounting purposes$— $1,467,392 
Balance Sheet - as of September 30, 2023AssetLiability
Commodity derivative instruments, at fair value$— $— 
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments for accounting purposes$— $— 

Statement of Operations Income/(Expense)Location of gain (loss) in fair value recognized in incomeAmount of gain (loss) recognized in income during the three months ended December 31, 2023 (unaudited)Amount of gain (loss) recognized in income during the three months ended December 31, 2022 (unaudited)
Corn derivative instrumentsCost of Goods Sold$776,649 $1,183,562 
Ethanol derivative instrumentsRevenue— 21,429 
Natural gas derivative instrumentsCost of Goods Sold439,330 — 
Total$1,215,979 $1,204,991 

4. INVENTORY
Inventory is valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Inventory values as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023 were as follows:
December 31, 2023
(unaudited)		September 30, 2023
Raw materials, including corn, chemicals and supplies$11,129,113 $4,263,403 
Work in process1,226,701 1,435,905 
Finished goods, including ethanol and distillers grains1,862,644 1,918,439 
Spare parts2,177,238 1,482,198 
Total inventory$16,395,696 $9,099,945 

Lower of cost or net realizable value adjustments for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:
For the three months ended December 31, 2023 (unaudited)For the three months ended December 31, 2022 (unaudited)
Loss on firm purchase commitments$1,394,000 $464,000 
Loss on lower of cost or net realizable value adjustment for inventory on hand$— $— 
Total loss on lower of cost or net realizable value adjustments$1,394,000 $464,000 

The Company has entered into forward corn purchase contracts under which it is required to take delivery at the contract price. At the time the contracts were created, the price of the contract approximated market price. Subsequent changes in market conditions could cause the contract prices to become higher or lower than market prices. As of December 31, 2023, the average
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RED TRAIL ENERGY, LLC
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023

price of corn purchased under certain fixed price contracts, that had not yet been delivered, was greater than the approximated market price. Based on this information, the Company has estimated loss on firm purchase commitments of approximately $1,394,000 and $464,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The loss is recorded in “Loss on firm purchase commitments” on the statement of operations and "Accrued loss on firm purchase commitments" on the balance sheet. The amount of the potential loss was determined by applying a methodology similar to that used in the impairment valuation with respect to inventory. Given the uncertainty of future ethanol prices, future losses on the outstanding purchase commitments could be recorded in future periods.

5. BANK FINANCING

Ethanol Recovery Program

On July 13, 2020, we received a $5.41 million loan through the Bank of North Dakota's Ethanol Recovery Program and Cornerstone Bank ("Cornerstone"). The Ethanol Recovery Program was developed by the North Dakota Ethanol Producers Association and the Bank of North Dakota to use the existing Biofuels Partnership in Assisting Community Expansion ("PACE") program and Value-added Guarantee Loan program to help ethanol production facilities weather the economic challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Ethanol producers could qualify for up to $15 million of a low interest loan of 1% based on the amount of such producers' annual corn grind. On December 3, 2021 we received forgiveness of $2.65 million of the loan. The forgiveness was recorded as other income. The outstanding balance as of December 31, 2023 was $87,193. The maturity date of the loan is July 13, 2025. The fixed interest rate on December 31, 2023 was 3.75% with an interest rate being bought down through the Bank of North Dakota to 1%.

Revolving Loan

On February 3, 2022 we renewed our $10 million revolving loan (the "Revolving Loan") with Cornerstone. On February 3, 2022 the maturity date was extended to March 31, 2022. On April 8, 2022 the Revolving Loan was renewed. The new maturity date was April 7, 2023. Subsequent to year end the Revolving Loan was renewed and now has a maturity date of April 4, 2024. At December 31, 2023, we had $10 million available under the Revolving Loan. The variable interest rate on December 31, 2023 was 7.250%.

Construction Loans

On October 28, 2022, we entered into a $25 million loan to replace the First Construction Loan and Second Construction Loan. We make annual payments of approximately $3.1 million that is due in January each year. The maturity date of the Consolidated Loan is January 31, 2032. The fixed interest rate is 4.65%. The outstanding balance as of December 31, 2023, was $22.2 million.

Each of the Company's loans are secured by a lien on substantially all of the assets of the Company.

Schedule of debt maturities and finance lease liabilities for the twelve months ending December 31Totals
2024$2,123,035 
20252,133,567 
20262,229,314 
20272,335,215 
20282,446,147 
Thereafter11,043,852 
Total$22,311,130 

6. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The following table provides information on those liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively.
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RED TRAIL ENERGY, LLC
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023

Fair Value Measurement Using
Carrying Amount as of December 31, 2023 (unaudited)Fair Value as of December 31, 2023 (unaudited)Level 1Level 2Level 3
Liabilities
Commodities derivative instruments$1,467,393 $1,467,393 $1,467,393 $— $— 
Total$1,467,393 $1,467,393 $1,467,393 $— $— 
Fair Value Measurement Using
Carrying Amount as of September 30, 2023Fair Value as of September 30, 2023Level 1Level 2Level 3
Liabilities
Commodities derivative instruments$— $— $— $— $— 
Total$— $— $— $— $— 

The fair value of the corn, ethanol, soybean oil and natural gas derivative instruments is based on quoted market prices in an active market.

7. LEASES

The Company leases railcar and plant equipment. Operating lease right of use assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The Company uses its estimated incremental borrowing rate, unless an implicit rate is readily determinable, as the discount rate for each lease in determining the present value of lease payments. For the three months ended December 31, 2023, the Company's estimated weighted -average discount rate was 7.25%. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Company has elected the short-term lease exemption for all leases with a term of 12 months or less for both existing and ongoing operating leases to not recognize the asset and liability for those leases. Lease payments for short-term leases are recognized on straight-line basis.

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease or contains a lease at inception. The Company's existing leases have remaining lease terms of approximately one year to seven years, which may include options to extend the leases when it is reasonably certain the Company will exercise those options. At December 31, 2023 the weighted average remaining lease term was six years. The Company does not have lease arrangements with residual value guarantees, sale leaseback terms, or material restrictive covenants. The Company does not have any sublease agreements.

The Company is generally responsible for maintenance, taxes, and utilities for leased equipment. Rent expense for operating leases was approximately $65,500 and $107,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Rent expense for short-term leases was approximately $117,000 and $193,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Equipment under financing leases consists of office equipment and plant equipment. At December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, equipment under financing leases was as follows:
December 31, 2023September 30, 2023
Equipment$493,414 $493,414 
Less accumulated amortization(249,138)(243,277)
Net equipment under financing lease$244,276 $250,137 

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RED TRAIL ENERGY, LLC
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023

At December 31, 2023, the Company had the following minimum commitments, which at inception had non-cancellable terms of more than one year. Amounts shown below are for the 12 month periods ending December 31:
Operating LeasesFinancing Leases
2024$369,277 $4,141 
2025388,124 — 
2026410,534 — 
2027406,115 — 
2028448,762 — 
Total minimum lease commitments$2,022,812 4,141 
Less amount representing interest— 
Present value of minimum lease commitments included in notes payable on the balance sheet$4,141 

8. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Firm Purchase Commitments for Corn

To ensure an adequate supply of corn to operate the Plant, the Company enters into contracts to purchase corn from local farmers and elevators. At December 31, 2023, the Company had various fixed price contracts for the purchase of approximately 7.1 million bushels of corn. Using the stated contract price for the fixed price contracts, the Company had commitments of approximately $34.1 million related to the 7.1 million bushels under contract.

Water

On April 21, 2015, we entered into a ten-year contract to purchase raw water from Southwest Water Authority in order to meet the Plant's water requirements. Our contract requires us to purchase a minimum of 160 million gallons of water per year. The minimum estimated obligation for this contract is $424,000 per year.

Profit and Cost Sharing Agreement

The Company entered into a Profit and Cost Sharing Agreement with Bismarck Land Company, LLC, which became effective on November 1, 2016. The Profit and Cost Sharing Agreement provides that the Company will share 70% of the net revenue generated by the Company from business activities which are brought to the Company by Bismarck Land Company, LLC and conducted on the real estate purchased from the Bismarck Land Company, LLC. The real estate was initially purchased in exchange for 2 million membership units of the Company at $1.66 per unit. This obligation will terminate ten years after the real estate closing date of October 11, 2016 or after Bismarck Land Company, LLC receives $10 million in proceeds from the agreement. In addition, the Profit and Cost Sharing Agreement provides that the Company will pay Bismarck Land Company, LLC 70% of any net proceeds received by the Company from the sale of the subject real estate if a sale were to occur prior to termination of this obligation in accordance with the $10 million cap or the ten-year term of this obligation. The Company has paid Bismarck Land Company, LLC $1,647,581 as of December 31, 2023.


9. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

The Company has balances and transactions in the normal course of business with various related parties for the purchase of corn, sale of distillers grains, and sale of ethanol. The related parties include unit holders, members of the board of governors of the Company, and RPMG, Inc. (“RPMG”). Significant related party activity affecting the financial statements is as follows:
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RED TRAIL ENERGY, LLC
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE PERIOD ENDED JUNE 30, 2023

December 31, 2023
(unaudited)		September 30, 2023
Balance Sheet
Accounts receivable$3,894,997 $6,939,350 
Accounts payable1,420,168 1,299,333 
For the three months ended December 31, 2023 (unaudited)For the three months ended December 31, 2022 (unaudited)
Statement of Operations
Revenues$42,144,640 $40,400,856 
Cost of goods sold789,359 1,011,858 
Inventory Purchases$8,801,010 $4,656,486 

10. UNCERTAINTIES IMPACTING THE ETHANOL INDUSTRY AND OUR FUTURE OPERATIONS

During volatile market conditions, the Company experiences certain risks and uncertainties, which could have a severe impact on operations. The Company's revenues are derived primarily from the sale and distribution of ethanol and distillers grains to customers primarily located in the United States. Corn for the production process is supplied to the Plant primarily from local agricultural producers and from purchases on the open market. The Company's operating and financial performance is largely driven by prices at which the Company sells ethanol and distillers grains and by the cost at which it is able to purchase corn for operations. The price of ethanol is influenced by factors such as supply and demand, weather, government policies and programs, and unleaded gasoline and the petroleum markets, although since 2005 the prices of ethanol and gasoline began a divergence with ethanol generally selling for less than gasoline at the wholesale level. Excess ethanol supply in the market, in particular, puts downward pressure on the price of ethanol. The Company's largest cost of production is corn. The cost of corn is generally impacted by factors such as supply and demand, weather, and government programs, global political or economic issues, including but not limited to the war in Ukraine and sanctions associated therewith, or global damaging growing conditions, such as plant disease or adverse weather, including drought, increased fertilizer costs as well as global conflicts, including but not limited to unrest in the Middle East.

The Company's financial performance is highly dependent on the Federal Renewable Fuels Standard ("RFS"), which requires that a certain amount of renewable fuels must be used each year in the United States. Corn based ethanol, such as the ethanol the Company produces, can be used to meet a portion of the RFS requirement. In November 2013, the EPA issued a proposed rule which would reduce the RFS for 2014, including the RFS requirement related to corn based ethanol. The EPA proposed rule was subject to a comment period which expired in January 2014. On November 30, 2015, the EPA released its final ethanol use requirements for 2014, 2015 and 2016, which were lower than the statutory requirements in the RFS. However, the final RFS for 2017 equaled the statutory requirement which was also the case for the 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022 RFS final rules. The final RFS for 2022 was significantly larger than 2021, with a final volume requirement of 20.63 billion gallons and a supplemental standard of .25 billion gallons. The final RFS for 2023 and 2024 had a volume requirement of 20.94 billion gallons and 21.54 billion gallons, respectively.

The Company anticipates that the results of operations during the remainder of fiscal year 2024 will continue to be affected by volatility in the commodity markets. The volatility is due to various factors, including uncertainty with respect to the availability and supply of corn, increased demand for grain from global and national markets, speculation in the commodity markets, and demand for corn from the ethanol industry.

11. MEMBER'S EQUITY

Changes in member's equity for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
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RED TRAIL ENERGY, LLC
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE PERIOD ENDED JUNE 30, 2023

Class A Member UnitsAdditional Paid in CapitalAccumulated Deficit/Retained EarningsTreasury UnitsTotal Member Equity
Balances - September 30, 2022$39,044,595 $75,541 $46,880,539 $(159,540)$85,841,135 
Net income— — 1,865,215 — 1,865,215 
Balances December 31, 2022$39,044,595 $75,541 $48,745,754 $(159,540)$87,706,350 
Class A Member UnitsAdditional Paid in CapitalAccumulated Deficit/Retained EarningsTreasury UnitsTotal Member Equity
Balances - September 30, 2023$39,044,595 $75,541 $44,411,136 $(159,540)$83,371,732 
Distribution(6,023,219)(6,023,219)
Net income— — 2,160,515 — 2,160,515 
Balances - December 31, 2023$39,044,595 $75,541 $40,548,432 $(159,540)$79,509,028 


12. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On January 12, 2024 the Company paid the $0.15 distribution declared on December 20, 2023.
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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

    We prepared the following discussion and analysis to help you better understand our financial condition, changes in our financial condition, and results of operations for the three month period ended December 31, 2023, compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the financial statements, notes and information contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023. Unless otherwise stated, references in this report to particular years, quarters, months, or periods refer to our fiscal years ended in September and the associated quarters, months, or periods of those fiscal years.

Forward Looking Statements

This report contains forward-looking statements that involve future events, our future performance, and our future operations and actions.  In some cases you can identify forward-looking statements by the use of words such as "may," "should," "anticipate," "believe," "expect," "plan," "future," "intend," "could," "estimate," "predict," "hope," "potential," "continue," or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions. These forward-looking statements are only our predictions and involve numerous assumptions, risks and uncertainties. Our actual results or actions may differ materially from these forward-looking statements for many reasons, including the following factors:

•Reductions in the corn-based ethanol use requirement in the Federal Renewable Fuels Standard;
•Increased inflation which can have an impact on the costs of our raw materials;
•Higher natural gas prices in the United States due to increased exports of natural gas to Europe;
•Market prices and availability of corn that we require to operate the ethanol plant;
•Continued economic impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic, including reduced gasoline demand;
•Continued economic impacts of the war in Ukraine, including increased commodities prices and effect of Sanctions;
•Economic impacts from global conflicts, including impacts from the conflict in the Middle East following the attack in Israel by Hamas;
•Lower oil prices which result in lower ethanol prices;
•Negative operating margins which result from lower ethanol prices;
•Lower distillers grains prices which result from the Chinese anti-dumping and countervailing duty tariffs;
•Lower ethanol prices due to the Chinese ethanol tariff and the Brazilian ethanol tariff;
•Logistics difficulties preventing us from delivering our products to our customers;
•Fluctuations in the price and market for ethanol, distillers grains and corn oil;
•Availability and costs of products and raw materials, particularly corn and natural gas;
•Changes in the environmental regulations that apply to our plant operations and our ability to comply with such regulations;
•Ethanol supply exceeding demand and corresponding ethanol price reductions impacting our ability to operate profitably and maintain a positive spread between the selling price of our products and our raw material costs;
•Our ability to generate and maintain sufficient liquidity to fund our operations and meet our necessary capital expenditures;
•Our ability to continue to meet our loan covenants;
•Limitations and restrictions contained in the instruments and agreements governing our indebtedness;
•Results of our hedging transactions and other risk management strategies;
•Changes and advances in ethanol production technology;
•Reductions in demand for fuel, including ethanol, as electric car production increases; and
•Competition from alternative fuels and alternative fuel additives.

Overview
 
    Red Trail Energy, LLC, a North Dakota limited liability company (the "Company," "Red Trail," or "we," "our," or "us"), owns and operates a 50 million gallon annual name-plate production ethanol plant near Richardton, North Dakota. Our revenues are derived from the sale and distribution of our ethanol, distillers grains and corn oil primarily in the continental United States. Corn is our largest cost component and our profitability is highly dependent on the spread between the price of corn and the price of ethanol.


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Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
 
    The following table shows the results of our operations and the percentages of revenues, cost of goods sold, general and administrative expenses and other items to total revenues in our unaudited statements of operations for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:
 Three Months Ended
December 31, 2023 (Unaudited)		Three Months Ended
December 31, 2022 (Unaudited)
Statement of Operations DataAmount%Amount%
Revenues$43,456,009 100.00 $44,498,440 100.00 
Cost of Goods Sold40,352,689 92.86 41,109,203 92.38 
Gross Profit3,103,320 7.14 3,389,237 7.62 
General and Administrative Expenses1,295,942 2.98 1,240,310 2.79 
Operating Income1,807,378 4.16 2,148,927 4.83 
Other Income (Loss), net353,137 0.81 (283,712)(0.64)
Net Income$2,160,515 4.97 $1,865,215 4.19 
        
    The following table shows additional data regarding production and price levels for our primary inputs and products for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Three Months Ended December 31, 2023 (unaudited)Three Months Ended
December 31, 2022
(unaudited)
Production:
  Ethanol sold (gallons)16,704,306 13,458,814 
  Dried distillers grains sold (tons)25,666 21,999 
  Modified distillers grains sold (tons)32,396 33,769 
Corn oil sold (pounds)5,438,520 4,474,520 
Revenues:
  Fuel grade ethanol average price per gallon (net of hedging)$1.92 $2.36 
  Dried distillers grains average price per ton198.00 244.49 
  Modified distillers grains average price per ton90.13 123.13 
Corn oil average price per pound0.58 0.67 
Primary Inputs:
  Corn ground (bushels)5,968,261 5,349,898 
Natural gas (MMBtu)413,325 391,732 
Costs of Primary Inputs:
  Corn average price per bushel (net of hedging)$4.62 $6.48 
Natural gas average price per MMBtu (net of hedging)4.08 5.86 
Other Costs (per gallon of ethanol sold):
  Chemical and additive costs$0.104 $0.090 
  Denaturant cost0.048 0.047 
  Electricity cost0.118 0.097 
  Direct labor cost0.097 0.089 

Revenue

    Our total revenue was lower in the first quarter of our 2024 fiscal year compared to the first quarter of our 2023 fiscal year primarily due to decreased average prices for our products during the first quarter of our 2024 fiscal year. During the first
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quarter of our 2024 fiscal year, approximately 73.8% of our total revenue was derived from ethanol sales, approximately 18.4% was from distillers grains sales, approximately 0.4% was from syrup sales, and approximately 7.3% was from corn oil sales. During the first quarter of our 2023 fiscal year, approximately 71.3% of our total revenue was derived from ethanol and industrial alcohol sales, approximately 21.4% was from distillers grains sales, approximately 0.8% was from syrup sales and approximately 6.8% was from corn oil sales.
    
    Ethanol

    The average price we received for our ethanol, without taking into account our hedge positions, was lower during the first quarter of our 2024 fiscal year compared to the first quarter of our 2023 fiscal year. Management attributes this decrease in average ethanol prices received to lower gasoline prices during the first quarter of our 2024 fiscal year compared to the 2023 period which has an impact on ethanol prices. Management anticipates that energy prices will remain lower than the 2023 fiscal year but higher than the prices we experienced during the first quarter of our 2024 fiscal year.
    We sold slightly more gallons of ethanol during the first quarter of our 2024 fiscal year compared to the first quarter of our 2023 fiscal year due to rail disruptions from adverse weather during our 2023 fiscal year. Management anticipates ethanol production to be consistent during the rest of our 2024 fiscal year to 2023 fiscal year levels provided market conditions allow us to continue to operate the ethanol plant at capacity. We anticipate continuing to focus on operating the ethanol plant as efficiently as possible in order to maximize our profitability.

    From time to time we enter into forward sales contracts for our products. At December 31, 2023, we had no open ethanol futures contracts. At December 31, 2022, we had no open ethanol futures contracts.

    Distillers Grains

    During the first quarter of our 2024 fiscal year, we sold more tons of distillers grains compared to the same period of our 2023 fiscal year due to increased production. Production was lower during the same 2023 fiscal year period due to rail disruptions and adverse weather. We sold a majority of our distiller grains during the 2024 period in the modified form due to demand factors which favored the modified product. The average price we received for both our dried and modified distillers grains was lower during the first quarter of our 2024 fiscal year compared to the first quarter of our 2023 fiscal year due to lower market corn prices during the 2024 period. As distillers grains are a feed product which competes with corn, when corn prices are lower it has a corresponding impact on distillers grains prices. Management anticipates distillers grains prices will remain at their current levels during the rest of our 2024 fiscal year but they may change at the beginning of our 2025 fiscal year depending on the amount of corn harvested in the fall of 2024. Management anticipates distillers grains production will remain at its current mix during the rest of our 2024 fiscal year.
    
    Corn Oil

    The total pounds of corn oil we sold was higher during the first quarter of our 2024 fiscal year compared to the first quarter of our 2023 fiscal year due to increased corn oil production during the 2024 period compared to the 2023 period. Management anticipates that our corn oil production will remain at current levels for the remaining quarters of our 2024 fiscal year provided market conditions allow us to continue to operate the ethanol plant at capacity and provided the market price of corn oil remains at current levels. The average price we received for our corn oil during the first quarter of our 2024 fiscal year was lower than the average price we received during the first quarter of our 2023 fiscal year. Corn oil is used for biodiesel and renewable diesel production which have increased recently, benefiting market corn oil prices. However, oil supplies have also increased which have impacted the market price of corn oil.

Syrup

The total gallons of syrup we sold was lower during the first quarter of our 2024 fiscal year compared to the first quarter of our 2023 fiscal year due to decreased overall production. Management anticipates that our syrup production will remain at the current levels for the remaining quarters of our 2024 fiscal year provided that market conditions allow us to continue to operate the ethanol plant at capacity. The average price we received for our syrup during the first quarter of our 2024 fiscal year was lower compared to the average price we received during the first quarter of our 2023 fiscal year primarily due to discounted pricing to ensure product moves in a timely manner.

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Cost of Goods Sold

    Our cost of goods sold is primarily made up of corn and natural gas expenses. Our cost of goods sold was slightly lower for the first quarter of our 2024 fiscal year as compared to the first quarter of our 2023 fiscal year due primarily to lower corn cost per bushel and lower natural gas costs per MMBtu along with increased corn and natural gas consumption during the 2024 fiscal year.

Corn Costs

Our cost of goods sold related to corn was lower for the first quarter of our 2024 fiscal year compared to the first quarter of our 2023 fiscal year due to a decreased average cost per bushel of corn, without taking derivative instrument positions into account, along with increased corn consumption. For the first quarter of our 2024 fiscal year, we used approximately 11.6% more bushels of corn compared to the first quarter of our 2023 fiscal year due to improved corn to ethanol conversion rates during the 2024 period along with increased ethanol production. The average price we paid per bushel of corn, without taking into account our derivative instruments, was approximately 28.7% lower for the first quarter of our 2024 fiscal year compared to the first quarter of our 2023 fiscal year due to lower market corn prices during the first quarter of our 2024 fiscal year. In addition, during the first quarter of our 2024 fiscal year, we had a realized gain of approximately $776,649 for our corn derivative instruments, which decreased our cost of goods sold related to corn. For the first quarter of our 2023 fiscal year, we had a realized gain of approximately $1.18 million for our corn derivative instruments, which decreased our cost of goods sold related to corn during that period. Management anticipates corn prices will remain lower during the rest of our 2024 fiscal year due to expected favorable weather which we anticipate will result in a larger corn crop to be harvested in the fall of 2024.

    Natural Gas Costs

    We used approximately 5.5% more MMBtu of natural gas during the first quarter of our 2024 fiscal year compared to the first quarter of our 2023 fiscal year due to increased overall production at the ethanol plant. Our average cost per MMBtu of natural gas was approximately 30.4% lower during the first quarter of our 2024 fiscal year compared to the first quarter of our 2023 fiscal year due to lower energy prices compared to our 2023 fiscal year. We had a realized gain on our natural gas derivative instruments of approximately $46,000 for the first quarter of our 2024 fiscal year. We had no realized gain or loss on our natural gas derivative instruments during the first quarter of our 2023 fiscal year. Management anticipates relatively stable natural gas prices during the rest of our 2024 fiscal year.

General and Administrative Expenses

    Our general and administrative expenses were higher for the first quarter of our 2024 fiscal year compared to the first quarter of our 2023 fiscal year due to additional consulting fees and CCS payments to pore space owners related to our carbon sequestration project.

Other Income/Expense

    We had more interest income during the first quarter of our 2024 fiscal year compared to the first quarter of our 2023 fiscal year due to more cash on hand during our 2024 fiscal year. Our other income was higher during the first quarter of our 2024 fiscal year compared to the first quarter of our 2023 fiscal year . We had less interest expense during the first quarter of our 2024 fiscal year compared to the first quarter of our 2023 fiscal year due to decreased borrowing on our loans.

Changes in Financial Condition for the Three Months Ended December 31, 2023

    Current Assets

We had more cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2023 compared to September 30, 2023 primarily due to deferred corn payments we make early in January each year. We had more restricted cash in our margin account at December 31, 2023 compared to September 30, 2023 due to changing values of our derivative instrument positions. Due to the timing of shipments, the value of our accounts receivable was lower at December 31, 2023 compared to September 30, 2023. We had more inventory on hand at December 31, 2023 compared to September 30, 2023 due primarily to more raw
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material inventory on hand at December 31, 2023 compared to September 30, 2023. Our prepaid expenses were higher at December 31, 2023 compared to September 30, 2023 due to an increase in our insurance premiums paid for the year.

    Property, Plant and Equipment

The value of our property, plant and equipment was less at December 31, 2023 compared to September 30, 2023 due to regular depreciation of our assets during the first three months of our 2024 fiscal year partially offset by capital projects which were completed and higher construction in progress at December 31, 2023 compared to September 30, 2023.

Other Assets

Our right of use operating lease assets at December 31, 2023 was lower compared to September 30, 2023 due to the termination of the telehandler lease.

    Current Liabilities

Our accounts payable was higher at December 31, 2023 compared to September 30, 2023 due to having more corn payables and the distribution payable at December 31, 2023 compared to September 30, 2023. Our accrued expenses were higher at December 31, 2023 compared to September 30, 2023 due to higher accrued corn payables. We had a higher liability associated with our corn derivative instrument positions at December 31, 2023 compared to September 30, 2023 due to changing market corn prices compared to our derivative instrument positions. We had a higher accrued loss on our firm corn purchase commitments due to the difference between the market value of our firm corn purchases and the contract price of our corn purchases. We had a smaller current maturity associated with our notes payable due to renewals of our long-term debt as of December 31, 2023 compared to September 30, 2023. We had less current portion of operating lease liabilities at December 31, 2023 compared to September 30, 2023 due to the termination of the telehandler lease.

    Long-Term Liabilities

Our notes payable balance was negligibly lower at December 31, 2023 compared to September 30, 2023. We had slightly lower long-term liabilities for our operating leases at December 31, 2023 due additional equipment leases partially offset by amortization of our long-term leases during our 2023 fiscal year.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

    Based on financial forecasts performed by our management, we anticipate that we will have sufficient cash from our current credit facilities and cash from our operations to continue to operate the ethanol plant for the next 12 months and beyond. Should we experience unfavorable operating conditions in the future, we may have to secure additional debt or equity sources for working capital or other purposes.
    
    The following table shows cash flows for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:
December 31, 2023
(unaudited)		December 31, 2022
(unaudited)
Net cash provided by operating activities$7,383,912 $7,283,740 
Net cash used in investing activities(448,214)(1,342,619)
Net cash (used for) provided by financing activities(220,424)6,788,695 
Net increase in cash$6,715,274 $12,729,816 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period$21,266,377 $23,881,831 

Cash Flow from Operations

    Our operations provided more cash during the three months ended December 31, 2023 compared to the same period of our 2023 fiscal year due primarily to increased net income during the 2024 period offset by non-cash adjustments to net income.

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Cash Flow From Investing Activities

We used less cash for capital expenditures during the three months ended December 31, 2023 compared to the same period of our 2023 fiscal year. During the 2024 period, our primary capital expenditures were to finalize our CCS project and restorations to the cooling tower.
    
Cash Flow from Financing Activities

Our financing activities provided less cash during the three months ended December 31, 2023 compared to the same period of our 2023 fiscal year due to fewer proceeds we received from our debt instruments during the 2024 fiscal year. We had debt repayments and a distribution which was paid during the our 2023 fiscal year which used cash during that period.

Our liquidity, results of operations and financial performance will be impacted by many variables, including the market price for commodities such as, but not limited to, corn, ethanol and other energy commodities, as well as the market price for any co-products generated by the facility and the cost of labor and other operating costs.  Assuming future relative price levels for corn, ethanol and distillers grains remain consistent, we expect operations to generate adequate cash flows to maintain operations for the next 12 months and beyond.

Plans for Cash in the Short Term and in the Long Term

In the next 12 months, the Company plans to reinvest its cash into current business operations and to use the cash for the finalization of the CCS project and the completion of the cooling tower restoration. In the long term, the Company plans to reinvest its cash into current business operations and may provide further distributions to its members.

Capital Expenditures
 
    The Company had approximately $2.3 million in construction in progress as of December 31, 2023 primarily relating to our carbon capture and storage project and completion of the cooling tower restoration. The Company plans to finance this construction in progress using cash from current business operations.

Capital Resources

Revolving Loan

    On January 22, 2020, we entered into a $10 million revolving loan (the "Revolving Loan") with Cornerstone Bank ("Cornerstone"). Interest accrues on any outstanding balance on the Revolving Loan at a rate of 1.2% less than the prime rate as published by the Wall Street Journal, adjusted monthly. The Revolving Loan has a minimum interest rate of 3.0%. The maturity date of the Revolving Loan was January 31, 2022. On February 3, 2022, the Revolving Loan was renewed, and the new maturity date was March 31, 2022. On April 8, 2022, the Revolving Loan maturity date was extended to April 7, 2023. On April 8, 2023 we renewed the Revolving Loan. The new maturity date is April 5, 2024. The Revolving Loan is secured by a lien on substantially all of our assets. At December 31, 2023, we had $10 million available on the Revolving Loan. The variable interest rate on December 31, 2023 was 7.25%.

Construction Loans

    On January 22, 2020, we entered into a new $7 million construction loan (the "First Construction Loan") with Cornerstone to finance our carbon capture and storage project. The original maturity date of the First Construction Loan was June 1, 2021. On June 3, 2021 the maturity date was extended to February 1, 2022. On April 8, 2022, the First Construction Loan was extended to October 8, 2022. On October 28, 2022, the First Construction Loan was consolidated with the Second Construction Loan (below).

    On February 1, 2021, we entered into a $28 million construction loan (the "Second Construction Loan") with Cornerstone to finance our carbon capture and storage project. The maturity date of the Second Construction Loan was January 31, 2022. On February 17, 2022, the Second Construction Loan was extended to March 15, 2022. On April 8, 2022, the Second Construction Loan was again extended to October 8, 2022. On October 28, 2022, the Second Construction loan was consolidated and replaced (below).
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On October 28, 2022, we entered into a $25 million loan to replace the First Construction Loan and Second Construction Loan (the "Consolidated Loan"). The maturity date of the Consolidated Loan is January 31, 2032. The fixed interest rate is 4.65%. The outstanding balance as of December 31, 2023 was $22.2 million.

Ethanol Recovery Program

On July 13, 2020, we entered into a $5.41 million loan through the Bank of North Dakota's Ethanol Recovery Program and Cornerstone. The Ethanol Recovery Program was developed by the North Dakota Ethanol Producers Association and the Bank of North Dakota to use the existing Biofuels Partnership in Assisting Community Expansion ("PACE") program and Value-added Guarantee Loan program to help ethanol production facilities weather the economic challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Ethanol producers could qualify for up to $15 million of a low interest loan of 1% based on the amount of such producers' annual corn grind. The maturity date of the loan is July 13, 2025. The fixed interest rate as of December 31, 2023 was 3.75% with an interest rate buy down through the Bank of North Dakota to 1%. We typically make monthly payments of approximately $74,000 per month. On December 3, 2021 we received forgiveness of $2.65 million of the loan, and the balance outstanding on December 31, 2023 was approximately $87,193.

Significant Accounting Policies and Estimates

    We describe our significant accounting policies in Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of the Notes to Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023. We discuss our critical accounting estimates in Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023. There has been no significant change in our critical accounting estimates since the end of our 2023 fiscal year.

Item 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

    We are exposed to the impact of market fluctuations associated with commodity prices and interest rates as discussed below. We use derivative financial instruments as part of an overall strategy to manage market risk. We use cash, futures and option contracts to hedge changes to the commodity prices of corn and ethanol. We do not enter into these derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes, nor do we designate these contracts as hedges for accounting purposes pursuant to the requirements of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("GAAP"). 

Interest Rate Risk

We are exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates. Exposure to interest rate risk results primarily from holding loans which bear variable interest rates. As of December 31, 2023, we had no amount outstanding on our variable interest rate loans, however we could have funds outstanding under our revolving loan which has a variable interest rate in the future. If we were to experience a 10% increase in the variable portion of our loans, the annual effect such change would have on our income statement, based on the amount we had outstanding on our variable interest rate loans as of December 31, 2023, would be immaterial.

Commodity Price Risk
 
    We expect to be exposed to market risk from changes in commodity prices. Exposure to commodity price risk results from our dependence on corn and natural gas in the ethanol production process and the sale of ethanol. Our exposure to commodity price risk may be heightened due to the crisis in Ukraine and the Middle East.
 
    We enter into fixed price contracts for corn purchases on a regular basis. It is our intent that, as we enter into these contracts, we will use various hedging instruments (puts, calls and futures) to maintain a near even market position. For example, if we have one million bushels of corn under fixed price contracts we would generally expect to enter into a short hedge position to offset our price risk relative to those bushels we have under fixed price contracts. Because our ethanol marketing company ("RPMG") is selling substantially all of the gallons it markets on a spot basis we also include the corn bushel equivalent of the ethanol we have produced that is inventory but not yet priced as bushels that need to be hedged.
 
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    Although we believe our hedge positions will accomplish an economic hedge against our future purchases, they are not designated as hedges for accounting purposes, which would match the gain or loss on our hedge positions to the specific commodity purchase being hedged. We use fair value accounting for our hedge positions, which means as the current market price of our hedge positions changes, the gains and losses are immediately recognized in our cost of sales. The immediate recognition of hedging gains and losses under fair value accounting can cause net income to be volatile from quarter to quarter and year to year due to the timing of the change in value of derivative instruments relative to the cost of the commodity being hedged. However, it is likely that commodity cash prices will have the greatest impact on the derivatives instruments with delivery dates nearest the current cash price.
 
    As of December 31, 2023 we had corn futures and option contracts for approximately 7,124,000 bushels of corn. As of December 31, 2023 we had an unrealized loss of approximately $1,394,000 related to our corn futures and options contracts.
 
    It is the current position of our ethanol marketing company, RPMG, that under current market conditions, selling ethanol in the spot market will yield the best price for our ethanol. RPMG will, from time to time, contract a portion of the gallons they market with fixed price contracts.  At December 31, 2023, we had no fixed ethanol sales contracts and ethanol futures and option contracts. As of December 31, 2023 we had no unrealized gain or loss related to ethanol futures and option contracts.
 
    We estimate that our corn usage will be between 18 million and 20 million bushels per year for the production of approximately 59 million to 64 million gallons of ethanol. As corn prices move in reaction to market trends and information, our income statement will be affected depending on the impact such market movements have on the value of our derivative instruments.

A sensitivity analysis has been prepared to estimate our exposure to corn, natural gas and ethanol price risk. Market risk related to our corn, natural gas and ethanol prices is estimated as the potential change in income resulting from a hypothetical 10% adverse change in the average cost of our corn and natural gas, and our average ethanol sales price as of December 31, 2023, net of the forward and future contracts used to hedge our market risk for corn, natural gas and ethanol. The volumes are based on our expected use and sale of these commodities for a one year period from December 31, 2023. The results of this analysis, which may differ from actual results, are as follows:
Estimated Volume Requirements for the next 12 months (net of forward and futures contracts)Unit of MeasureHypothetical Adverse Change in PriceApproximate Adverse Change to Income
Ethanol63,900,000 Gallons10 %$(10,224,000)
Corn22,821,429 Bushels10 %$(6,749,792)
Natural gas1,664,000 MMBtu10 %$(429,040)

For comparison purposes, our sensitivity analysis for our quarter ended December 31, 2022 is set forth below:
Estimated Volume Requirements for the next 12 months (net of forward and futures contracts)Unit of MeasureHypothetical Adverse Change in PriceApproximate Adverse Change to Income
Ethanol63,900,000 Gallons10 %$(14,697,000)
Corn19,825,000 Bushels10 %$(12,886,000)
Natural gas1,334,000 MMBtu10 %$(867,000)

Item 4.  Controls and Procedures

    We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act") is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

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    Our management, including our President and Chief Executive Officer (the principal executive officer), Jodi Johnson, along with our Chief Financial Officer, (the principal financial officer), Joni Entze, have reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2023. Based on this review and evaluation, these officers believe that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that material information related to us is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods required by the forms and rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission.

For the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2023, there has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II.     OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

    From time to time in the ordinary course of business, we may be named as a defendant in legal proceedings related to various issues, including without limitation, workers' compensation claims, tort claims, or contractual disputes. We are not currently involved in any material legal proceedings.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

    There have been no material changes to the risk factors which were previously disclosed in our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

    None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

    None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

    None.

Item 5. Other Information

    None.

Item 6. Exhibits.

(a)The following exhibits are filed as part of this report.
Exhibit No.Exhibits 
Certificate Pursuant to 17 CFR 240.13a-14(a)*
Certificate Pursuant to 17 CFR 240.13a-14(a)*
Certificate Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350*
Certificate Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350*
101.INS*Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH*Inline XBRL Schema Document
101.CAL*Inline XBRL Calculation Document
101.LAB*Inline XBRL Labels Linkbase Document
101.PRE*Inline XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document
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101.DEF*Inline XBRL Definition Linkbase Document
104 The cover page from this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q formatted in Inline XBRL.

(*)    Filed herewith.
(**)    Furnished herewith.
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SIGNATURES

    Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
RED TRAIL ENERGY, LLC
Date:February 15, 2024/s/ Jodi Johnson
Jodi Johnson
President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
Date:February 15, 2024/s/ Joni Entze
Joni Entze
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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