10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended December 31, 2023.

Commission File Number: 001-32998

Energy Services of America Corporation

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Delaware	20-4606266
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

75 West 3rd Ave., Huntington, West Virginia	25701
(Address of Principal Executive Office)	(Zip Code)

(304) 522-3868

(Registrant’s Telephone Number Including Area Code)

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class	Trading Symbols	Name of Each Exchange On Which Registered
Common Stock, Par Value $0.0001	ESOA	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such requirements for the past 90 days. YES ☒ NO ☐.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). YES ☒ NO ☐.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, or an “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).   YES ☐ NO ☒

As of February 9, 2024, there were 16,610,848 outstanding shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock.

Part 1: Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited):
Consolidated Balance Sheets	2
Consolidated Statements of Income	3
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	4
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity	5
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements	6
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	19
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	36
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	36
Part II: Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	37
Item 1A. Risk Factors	37
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	38
Item 6. Exhibits	39
Signatures	40

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Part 1. Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited):

Energy Services of America Corporation

Consolidated Balance Sheets

	December 31,		September 30,
	2023		2023
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	11,255,020	$	16,431,572
Accounts receivable-trade		43,217,068		51,219,958
Allowance for doubtful accounts		(51,063)		(51,063)
Retainages receivable		9,691,713		7,589,749
Other receivables		1,221,330		516,968
Contract assets		21,795,592		15,955,220
Prepaid expenses and other		2,687,286		3,520,178
Total current assets		89,816,946		95,182,582
Property, plant and equipment, at cost		85,900,210		84,329,349
less accumulated depreciation		(49,618,944)		(47,799,840)
Total fixed assets		36,281,266		36,529,509
Right-of-use assets-operating lease		2,917,341		3,326,405
Intangible assets, net		3,274,957		3,383,099
Goodwill		4,087,554		4,087,554
Total assets	$	136,378,064	$	142,509,149
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity
Current liabilities
Current maturities of long-term debt	$	6,726,605	$	6,107,277
Lines of credit and short term borrowings		14,909,464		19,847,470
Current maturities of operating lease liabilities		1,229,348		1,075,815
Accounts payable		22,262,695		22,026,639
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		11,575,093		13,103,944
Contract liabilities		17,663,714		17,743,001
Total current liabilities		74,366,919		79,904,146
Long-term debt, less current maturities		17,030,429		18,870,529
Long-term operating lease liabilities, less current maturities		1,691,185		2,274,975
Deferred tax liability		7,652,378		6,870,510
Total liabilities		100,740,911		107,920,160
Shareholders’ equity
Common stock, $.0001 par value Authorized 50,000,000 shares, 17,885,615 issued and 16,567,185 outstanding at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023		1,789		1,789
Treasury stock, 1,318,430 shares at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023		(132)		(132)
Additional paid in capital		60,288,745		60,288,745
Retained deficit		(24,653,249)		(25,701,413)
Total shareholders’ equity		35,637,153		34,588,989
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	136,378,064	$	142,509,149

The Accompanying Notes are an Integral Part of These Financial Statements

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Energy Services of America Corporation

Consolidated Statements of Income

Unaudited

	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended
	December 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Revenue	$	90,163,187	$	60,042,585
Cost of revenues		79,324,226		54,056,323
Gross profit		10,838,961		5,986,262
Selling and administrative expenses		7,198,720		5,316,138
Income from operations		3,640,241		670,124
Other income (expense)
Interest income		—		72
Other nonoperating income (expense)		75,001		(80,663)
Interest expense		(601,684)		(499,428)
Loss on sale of equipment		(13,328)		(31,343)
		(540,011)		(611,362)
Income before income taxes		3,100,230		58,762
Income tax expense (benefit)		1,058,035		(79,612)
Net income	$	2,042,195	$	138,374
Weighted average shares outstanding-basic		16,567,185		16,667,185
Weighted average shares-diluted		16,607,185		16,667,185
Earnings per share-basic	$	0.12	$	0.01
Earnings per share-diluted	$	0.12	$	0.01

The Accompanying Notes are an Integral Part of These Financial Statements

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Energy Services of America Corporation

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Unaudited

	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended
	December 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	2,042,195	$	138,374
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation expense		2,068,479		1,762,322
Accreted interest on PPP loans		25,144		25,144
Loss on sale of equipment		13,328		31,343
Provision for deferred taxes		781,868		(421,878)
Amortization of intangible assets		108,142		132,780
Accreted interest on note payable		23,239		10,599
Decrease in accounts receivable		8,002,890		3,153,393
Increase in retainage receivable		(2,101,964)		(545,772)
Increase in other receivables		(704,362)		(2,833)
(Increase) decrease in contract assets		(5,840,372)		1,711,912
Decrease in prepaid expenses and other		832,892		775,487
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable		214,863		(5,330,386)
Decrease in accrued expenses and other current liabilities		(2,522,882)		(2,451,871)
(Decrease) increase in contract liabilities		(79,287)		2,584,305
Net cash provided by operating activities		2,864,173		1,572,919
Cash flows from investing activities:
Investment in property and equipment		(1,385,883)		(2,348,901)
Proceeds from sales of property and equipment		365,234		92,815
Net cash used in investing activities		(1,020,649)		(2,256,086)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Borrowings on lines of credit and short term debt, net of (repayments)		(4,963,150)		(580,320)
Proceeds from long-term debt		—		3,100,000
Principal payments on long term debt		(2,056,926)		(1,733,080)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities		(7,020,076)		786,600
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents		(5,176,552)		103,433
Cash and cash equivalents beginning of period		16,431,572		7,427,474
Cash and cash equivalents end of period	$	11,255,020	$	7,530,907
Supplemental schedule of noncash investing and financing activities:
Purchases of property & equipment under financing agreements	$	812,915	$	88,192
Net operating lease right-of-use assets received in exchange for operating lease liabilities	$	252,259	$	—
Common dividends declared but not paid	$	994,031	$	—
Supplemental disclosures of cash flows information:
Cash paid during the year for:
Interest	$	574,067	$	472,960

The Accompanying Notes are an Integral Part of These Financial Statements

4

Energy Services of America Corporation

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity

For the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022

										Total
	Common Stock			Additional Paid		Retained		Treasury		Shareholders’
	Shares	Amount		in Capital		Deficit		Stock		Equity
Balance at September 30, 2023	16,567,185	$	1,789	$	60,288,745	$	(25,701,413)	$	(132)	$	34,588,989
Net income	—		—		—		2,042,195		—		2,042,195
Dividends on common stock ($0.06 per share on 16,567,185 shares)	—		—		—		(994,031)		—		(994,031)
Balance at December 31, 2023	16,567,185	$	1,789	$	60,288,745	$	(24,653,249)	$	(132)	$	35,637,153

										Total
	Common Stock			Additional Paid		Retained		Treasury		Shareholders’
	Shares	Amount		in Capital		Deficit		Stock		Equity
Balance at September 30, 2022	16,667,185	$	1,789	$	60,508,350	$	(32,269,473)	$	(122)	$	28,240,544
Net income	—		—		—		138,374		—		138,374
Balance at December 31, 2022	16,667,185	$	1,789	$	60,508,350	$	(32,131,099)	$	(122)	$	28,378,918

The Accompanying Notes are an Integral Part of These Financial Statements

5

ENERGY SERVICES OF AMERICA CORPORATION

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1.  BUSINESS AND ORGANIZATION

Energy Services of America Corporation (“Energy Services” or the “Company”), formed in 2006, is a contractor and service company that operates primarily in the mid-Atlantic and central regions of the United States and provides services to customers in the natural gas, petroleum, water distribution, automotive, chemical, and power industries. For the gas industry, the Company is primarily engaged in the construction, replacement and repair of natural gas pipelines and storage facilities for utility companies and private natural gas companies. Energy Services is involved in the construction of both interstate and intrastate pipelines, with an emphasis on the latter. For the oil industry, the Company provides a variety of services relating to pipeline, storage facilities and plant work. For the power, chemical, and automotive industries, the Company provides a full range of electrical and mechanical installations and repairs including substation and switchyard services, site preparation, equipment setting, pipe fabrication and installation, packaged buildings, transformers, and other ancillary work with regards thereto. Energy Services’ other pipeline services include corrosion protection services, horizontal drilling services, liquid pipeline construction, pump station construction, production facility construction, water and sewer pipeline installations, various maintenance and repair services and other services related to pipeline construction. The Company has also added the ability to install broadband and solar electric systems and perform civil and general contracting services.

C.J. Hughes Construction Company, Inc. (“C.J. Hughes”), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, is a general contractor primarily engaged in pipeline construction for utility companies. Contractors Rental Corporation (“Contractors Rental”), a wholly owned subsidiary of C.J. Hughes, provides union building trade employees for projects managed by C.J. Hughes.

Nitro Construction Services, Inc. (“NCS”), a wholly owned subsidiary of C.J. Hughes, provides electrical, mechanical, HVAC/R, and fire protection services to customers primarily in the automotive, chemical, and power industries. Revolt Energy, LLC (“Revolt”), a wholly owned subsidiary of NCS, performs residential solar installation projects. Nitro Electric Company, LLC (“Nitro Electric”), a wholly owned subsidiary of NCS, performs industrial electrical work and has a satellite office registered in Michigan. Pinnacle Technical Solutions, Inc. (“Pinnacle”), a wholly owned subsidiary of NCS, operates as a data storage facility within Nitro’s office building. Pinnacle is supported by NCS and has no employees of its own. NCS and its subsidiaries will collectively be referred to “Nitro”.

All C.J. Hughes, Nitro, and Contractors Rental construction personnel are union members of various related construction trade unions and are subject to collective bargaining agreements that expire at varying time intervals.

West Virginia Pipeline, Inc. (“West Virginia Pipeline” or “WVP”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Energy Services, operates as a gas and water distribution contractor primarily in southern West Virginia. The employees of West Virginia Pipeline are non-union and are managed independently of the Company’s union subsidiaries.

SQP Construction Group, Inc. (“SQP”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Energy Services, operates as a general contractor primarily in West Virginia. SQP engages in the construction and renovation of buildings and other civil construction projects for state and local government agencies and commercial customers. As a general contractor, SQP manages the overall construction project and subcontracts most of the work. The employees of SQP are non-union and are managed independently of the Company’s union subsidiaries.

Tri-State Paving & Sealcoating, Inc. (“TSP” or “Tri-State Paving”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Energy Services, completed the acquisition of substantially all the assets of Tri-State Paving & Sealcoating, LLC (“Tri-State Paving, LLC”) on April 29, 2022. Tri-State Paving provides utility paving services to water distribution customers in the Charleston, West Virginia, Lexington, Kentucky, and Chattanooga, Tennessee markets. The employees of TSP are non-union and are managed independently of the Company’s union subsidiaries.

Ryan Construction Services Inc. (“Ryan Construction” or “RCS”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Energy Services, formed in August 2022 in connection with the acquisition of substantially all the assets of Ryan Environmental, LLC and Ryan Environmental Transport, LLC (collectively “Ryan Environmental”), provides directional drilling services for broadband service providers along with offering natural gas distribution services, cathodic protection and corrosion prevention services, and civil construction services. Ryan Construction operates primarily in West Virginia and Pennsylvania. The employees of RCS are non-union and are managed independently of the Company’s union subsidiaries.

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Interim Financial Statements

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto for the years ended September 30, 2023, and 2022 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on January 16,2024. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) have been omitted pursuant to the interim financial reporting rules and regulations of the SEC. The financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting primarily of normal recurring adjustments) that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position and results of operations. The operating results for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year or any other interim period.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements of Energy Services include the accounts of Energy Services, its wholly owned subsidiaries West Virginia Pipeline, SQP, Ryan Construction, Tri-State Paving and C.J. Hughes and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidation. Unless the context requires otherwise, references to Energy Services include Energy Services, West Virginia Pipeline, SQP, Ryan Construction, Tri-State Paving and C.J. Hughes and its subsidiaries.

Use of Estimates and Assumptions

The preparation of financial statements, in conformity with U.S. GAAP, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of income and loss during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

2.  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Please refer to Note 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of the Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2023, for a more detailed discussion of our significant accounting policies. There were no material changes to these significant accounting policies during the three months ended December 31, 2023.

3. ACCOUNTING FOR PPP LOANS

Due to the economic uncertainties created by COVID-19 and limited operating funds available, the Company applied for loans under the PPP. On April 15, 2020, the Company and its subsidiaries, C.J. Hughes, Contractors Rental and Nitro, entered into separate PPP notes effective April 7, 2020, with its Lender in an aggregate principal amount of $13.1 million pursuant to the PPP Loans. In a special meeting held on April 27, 2020, the Board of Directors of the Company unanimously voted to return $3.3 million of the PPP Loans after discussing the financing needs of the Company and subsidiaries. That left the Company and subsidiaries with $9.8 million in PPP Loans to fund operations. During fiscal year 2021, the Company received notice that the SBA had granted forgiveness of the $9.8 million of PPP Loans and the SBA repaid the Lender in full. The forgiveness was recorded as other income for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2021.

During April 2023, management received notification from the SBA that one of the Company’s forgiveness applications related to the PPP Loans was under review. As part of the review, the SBA requested additional payroll information. Additionally, the SBA requested information regarding the ability of the Company’s affiliates to meet SBA size standards and/or PPP corporate maximum limits. The requested information was subsequently provided to the SBA through the Lender. The Company recognizes that there is a possibility that the SBA could reverse its previous determination on the forgiveness of the PPP Loans. As a result of this uncertainty, the Company restated the previously issued financial statements of the Company that were included in the Reports. The Company has recorded a short-term borrowing due to the SBA inquiry for the full $9.8 million, plus accrued interest for all periods presented.

During July 2023, management received notification from the SBA that two additional forgiveness applications related to the PPP Loans were under review. As part of the review, the SBA requested information regarding the ability of the Company’s affiliates

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to meet SBA size standards and/or PPP corporate maximum limits. The requested information was subsequently provided to the SBA through the Lender.

Borrowers must retain PPP documentation for at least six years after the date the loan is forgiven or paid in full, and the SBA and SBA Inspector General must be granted these files upon request. The SBA could revisit its forgiveness decision and determine that the Company does not qualify in whole or in part for loan forgiveness and demand repayment of the loans. In addition, it is unknown what type of penalties could be assessed against the Company if the SBA disagrees with the Company’s certification. Any penalties in addition to the potential repayment of the PPP Loans could negatively impact the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations and prospects.

4.  REVENUE RECOGNITION

Our revenue is primarily derived from construction contracts that can span several quarters. We recognize revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606” or “Topic 606”) which provides for a five-step model for recognizing revenue from contracts with customers as follows:

● Identify the contract

● Identify performance obligations

● Determine the transaction price

● Allocate the transaction price

● Recognize revenue

The accuracy of our revenue and profit recognition in a given period depends on the accuracy of our estimates of the cost to complete each project. We believe our experience allows us to create materially reliable estimates. There are a number of factors that can contribute to changes in estimates of contract cost and profitability. The most significant of these include:

● the completeness and accuracy of the original bid;

● costs associated with scope changes;

● changes in costs of labor and/or materials;

● extended overhead and other costs due to owner, weather and other delays;

● subcontractor performance issues;

● changes in productivity expectations;

● site conditions that differ from those assumed in the original bid;

● changes from original design on design-build projects;

● the availability and skill level of workers in the geographic location of the project;

● a change in the availability and proximity of equipment and materials;

● our ability to fully and promptly recover on affirmative claims and back charges for additional contract costs; and

● the customer’s ability to properly administer the contract.

The foregoing factors, as well as the stage of completion of contracts in process and the mix of contracts at different margins may cause fluctuations in gross profit from period to period. Significant changes in cost estimates, particularly in our larger, more complex projects, could have a significant effect on our profitability.

Our contract assets include cost and estimated earnings in excess of billings that represent amounts earned and reimbursable under contracts, including claim recovery estimates, but have a conditional right for billing and payment such as achievement of milestones or completion of the project. With the exception of customer affirmative claims, generally, such unbilled amounts will become billable according to the contract terms and generally will be billed and collected over the next three months. Settlement with the customer of outstanding affirmative claims is dependent on the claims resolution process and could extend beyond one year. Based on our historical experience, we generally consider the collection risk related to billable amounts to be low. When events or conditions indicate that it is probable that the amounts outstanding become unbillable, the transaction price and associated contract asset is reduced.

Our contract liabilities consist of provisions for losses and billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings. Provisions for losses, if incurred, are recognized in the consolidated statements of income at the uncompleted performance obligation level for the amount of total estimated losses in the period that evidence indicates that the estimated total cost of a performance obligation exceeds

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its estimated total revenue. Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings are billings to customers on contracts in advance of work performed, including advance payments negotiated as a contract condition. Generally, unearned project-related costs will be earned over the next twelve months.

5.  DISAGGREGATION OF REVENUE

The Company disaggregates revenue based on the following lines of service: (1) Gas & Water Distribution, (2) Gas & Petroleum Transmission, and (3) Electrical, Mechanical, & General services and construction. Our contract types are: Lump Sum, Unit Price, Cost Plus and Time and Materials (“T&M”). The following tables present our disaggregated revenue for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

	Three Months Ended December 31, 2023
					Electrical,
	Gas & Water		Gas & Petroleum		Mechanical, &		Total revenue
	Distribution		Transmission		General		from contracts
Lump sum contracts	$	—	$	—	$	28,689,030	$	28,689,030
Unit price contracts		17,082,895		27,848,185		2,262,695		47,193,775
Cost plus and T&M contracts		—		715,058		13,565,324		14,280,382
Total revenue from contracts	$	17,082,895	$	28,563,243	$	44,517,049	$	90,163,187
Earned over time	$	4,372,583	$	27,848,185	$	30,227,914	$	62,448,682
Earned at point in time		12,710,312		715,058		14,289,135		27,714,505
Total revenue from contracts	$	17,082,895	$	28,563,243	$	44,517,049	$	90,163,187

	Three Months Ended December 31, 2022
					Electrical,
	Gas &Water		Gas & Petroleum		Mechanical, &		Total revenue
	Distribution		Transmission		General		from contracts
Lump sum contracts	$	—	$	—	$	17,186,157	$	17,186,157
Unit price contracts		12,389,558		16,840,150		1,537,438		30,767,146
Cost plus and T&M contracts		—		—		12,089,282		12,089,282
Total revenue from contracts	$	12,389,558	$	16,840,150	$	30,812,877	$	60,042,585
Earned over time	$	4,878,647	$	16,840,150	$	29,890,148	$	51,608,945
Earned at point in time		7,510,911		—		922,729		8,433,640
Total revenue from contracts	$	12,389,558	$	16,840,150	$	30,812,877	$	60,042,585

6.  CONTRACT BALANCES

The Company’s accounts receivable consists of amounts that have been billed to customers and collateral is generally not required. Most of the Company’s contracts have monthly billing terms; however, billing terms for some are based on project completion. Payment terms are generally within 30 to 45 days after invoices have been issued. The Company attempts to negotiate two-week billing terms and 15-day payment terms on larger projects. The timing of billings to customers may generate contract assets or contract liabilities.

During the three months ended December 31, 2023, we recognized revenue of $13.5 million that was included in the contract liability balance at September 30, 2023.

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Accounts receivable-trade, net of allowance for doubtful accounts, contract assets and contract liabilities consisted of the following:

	December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023		Change
Accounts receivable-trade, net of allowance for doubtful accounts	$	43,166,005	$	51,168,895	$	(8,002,890)
Contract assets
Cost and estimated earnings in excess of billings	$	21,795,592	$	15,955,220	$	5,840,372
Contract liabilities
Billings in excess of cost and estimated earnings	$	17,663,714	$	17,743,001	$	(79,287)

7.  PERFORMANCE OBLIGATIONS

For the three months ended December 31, 2023, there was no significant revenue recognized as a result of changes in contract transaction price related to performance obligations that were satisfied prior to September 30, 2023. Changes in contract transaction price can result from items such as executed or estimated change orders, and unresolved contract modifications and claims.

At December 31, 2023, the Company had $132.2 million in remaining unsatisfied performance obligations, in which revenue is expected to be recognized over the next twelve months.

8.  UNCOMPLETED CONTRACTS

Costs, estimated earnings, and billings on uncompleted contracts as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, are summarized as follows:

	December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
Costs incurred on contracts in progress	$	369,542,545	$	287,347,650
Estimated earnings, net of estimated losses		47,271,768		38,976,895
		416,814,313		326,324,545
Less billings to date		412,682,435		328,112,326
	$	4,131,878	$	(1,787,781)
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billed on uncompleted contracts	$	21,795,592	$	15,955,220
Less billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts		17,663,714		17,743,001
	$	4,131,878	$	(1,787,781)

The Company’s unaudited backlog at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023 was $185.9 million and $229.8 million, respectively.

9.  FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The fair value measurement guidance of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and specifies disclosures about fair value measurements.

Under the FASB’s authoritative guidance on fair value measurements, fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value

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measurement guidance of the FASB ASC establishes a three-level hierarchy for fair value measurements based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. The three levels are defined as follows:

Level 1 — Quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities traded in active exchange markets, such as the New York Stock Exchange.

Level 2 — Observable inputs other than Level 1 including quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in less active markets, or other observable inputs that can be corroborated by observable market data. Level 2 also includes derivative contracts whose value is determined using a pricing model with observable market inputs or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs supported by little or no market activity for financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation; also includes observable inputs for nonbinding single dealer quotes not corroborated by observable market data.

A financial instrument’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The carrying amount for borrowings under the Company’s revolving credit facility approximates fair value because of the variable market interest rate charged to the Company for these borrowings. The fair value of the Company’s long term fixed-rate debt was estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis and a yield rate that was estimated based on the borrowing rates currently available to the Company for bank loans with similar terms and maturities. The fair value of the aggregate principal amount of the Company’s fixed-rate debt of $31.9 million at December 31, 2023 was $30.3 million. The fair value of the aggregate principal amount of the Company’s fixed-rate debt of $33.8 million at September 30, 2023 was $32.1 million.

All other current assets and liabilities are carried at net realizable value which approximates fair value because of their short duration to maturity.

10.  EARNINGS PER SHARE

The amounts used to compute the earnings per share for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are summarized below.

	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended
	December 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Net income	$	2,042,195	$	138,374
Weighted average shares outstanding-basic		16,567,185		16,667,185
Weighted average shares outstanding-diluted		16,607,185		16,667,185
Earnings per share available to common shareholders	$	0.12	$	0.01
Earnings per share available to common shareholders-diluted	$	0.12	$	0.01

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11.  INCOME TAXES

The components of income taxes are as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Federal
Current	$	214,795	$	266,966
Deferred		602,038		(329,064)
Total		816,833		(62,098)
State
Current		61,370		75,299
Deferred		179,832		(92,813)
Total		241,202		(17,514)
Total income tax expense (benefit)	$	1,058,035	$	(79,612)

The Company’s income tax expense and deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect management’s best estimate of current and future taxes to be paid. Significant judgments and estimates are required in the determination of the consolidated income tax expense. The Company’s provision for income taxes is computed by applying a federal rate of 21.0% and a state rate of 6.0% to taxable income or loss after consideration of non-taxable and non-deductible items.

The effective income tax rate for the three months ended December 31, 2023, was 34.1%, as compared to (135.5)% for the same period in 2022. Effective income tax rates are estimates and may vary from period to period due to changes in the amount of taxable income and non-deductible expenses.

Major items that can affect the effective tax rate include amortization of goodwill and intangible assets and non-deductible amounts for per diem expenses.

The income tax effects of temporary differences giving rise to the deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

	December 31,		September 30,
	2023		2023
Deferred tax liabilities
Property and equipment	$	7,937,214	$	8,141,025
Other		608,562		588,632
Total deferred tax liabilities	$	8,545,776	$	8,729,657
Deferred income tax assets
Accruals & other	$	893,398	$	948,704
Net operating loss carryforward		—		910,443
Total deferred tax assets	$	893,398	$	1,859,147
Total net deferred tax liabilities	$	7,652,378	$	6,870,510

Deferred income taxes arise from temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements, which will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future. A valuation allowance is established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

The Company had $0 and $3.0 million of federal net operating loss carryforwards at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively. The Company had state net operating loss carryforwards at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively that begin to expire in 2025, that were not significant.

The Company does not believe that it has any unrecognized tax benefits included in its consolidated financial statements that require recognition. The Company has not had any settlements in the current period with taxing authorities, nor has it recognized tax

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benefits as a result of a lapse of the applicable statute of limitations. The Company recognizes interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits, if applicable, in general and administrative expenses.

12.  SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT

Operating Line of Credit

On July 13, 2022, the Company received a one-year extension on its $15.0 million operating line of credit effective June 28, 2022. The interest rate on the line of credit is the “Wall Street Journal” Prime Rate (the index) with a floor of 4.99%. On January 19, 2023, the Company received an amendment to the agreement which increased the line of credit to $30.0 million with a maturity date of June 28, 2023. On June 1, 2023, the agreement was renewed through June 28, 2024.

The line of credit is limited to a borrowing base calculation as summarized below:

	December 31, 2023			September 30, 2023
Eligible borrowing base	$	15,950,633		$	23,942,868
Borrowed on line of credit		4,700,000			8,712,915
Line of credit balance available	$	11,250,633		$	15,229,953
Interest rate		8.5	%		8.5	%

The modified financial covenants for the quarter ended June 30, 2023, and all subsequent quarters, are below:

● Minimum tangible net worth of $28.0 million,

● Minimum traditional debt service coverage of 1.50x on a rolling twelve- month basis,

● Minimum current ratio of 1.20x,

● Maximum debt to tangible net worth ratio (“TNW”) of 2.75x,

● Each ratio and covenant shall be determined, tested, and measured as of each calendar quarter beginning June 30, 2023,

● The Company shall maintain a ratio of Maximum Senior Funded Debt (“SFD”) to Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (“EBDITA”) equal to or less than 3.5:1. SFD shall mean any funded debt or lease of the Company, other than subordinated debt. The covenant shall be tested quarterly, at the end of each fiscal quarter, with EBITDA based on the preceding four quarters.

The Company’s lender has agreed to omit the effect of the PPP loan restatement from the Company’s covenant compliance calculations while a final decision on PPP loan forgiveness remains in question. Thus, the Company was in compliance with all covenants at December 31, 2023. The Company projects to meet all covenant requirements for the next twelve months.

Insurance Premiums Financed

The Company financed its captive insurance policy premiums on a short-term basis through a financing company for the calendar years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. These insurance policies include workers’ compensation, general liability, automobile, umbrella, and equipment policies. The Company made down payments in January 2023 and 2022 and financed the remaining premium amount over eleven monthly payments. At December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, the remaining balance of the insurance premiums was $0 and $950,000, respectively.

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Paycheck Protection Program Loans

Due to the economic uncertainties created by COVID-19 and limited operating funds available, the Company applied for loans under the PPP. On April 15, 2020, the Company and its subsidiaries, C.J. Hughes, Contractors Rental and Nitro, entered into separate PPP notes effective April 7, 2020, with its Lender in an aggregate principal amount of $13.1 million pursuant to the PPP Loans. In a special meeting held on April 27, 2020, the Board of Directors of the Company unanimously voted to return $3.3 million of the PPP Loans after discussing the financing needs of the Company and subsidiaries. That left the Company and subsidiaries with $9.8 million in PPP Loans to fund operations. During fiscal year 2021, the Company received notice that the SBA had granted forgiveness of the $9.8 million of PPP Loans and the SBA repaid the Lender in full. The forgiveness was recorded as other income for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2021.

During April 2023, management received notification from the SBA that one of the Company’s forgiveness applications related to the PPP Loans was under review. As part of the review, the SBA requested additional payroll information. Additionally, the SBA requested information regarding the ability of the Company’s affiliates to meet SBA size standards and/or PPP corporate maximum limits. The requested information was subsequently provided to the SBA through the Lender. The Company recognizes that there is a possibility that the SBA could reverse its previous determination on the forgiveness of the PPP Loans. As a result of this uncertainty, the Company restated the previously audited financial statements of the Company for the fiscal years 2022 and 2021. The Company has recorded a short-term borrowing due to the SBA inquiry for the full $9.8 million, plus accrued interest.

During July 2023, management received notification from the SBA that two additional forgiveness applications related to the PPP Loans were under review. As part of the review, the SBA requested information regarding the ability of the Company’s affiliates to meet SBA size standards and/or PPP corporate maximum limits. The requested information was subsequently provided to the SBA through the Lender.

Borrowers must retain PPP documentation for at least six years after the date the loan is forgiven or paid in full, and the SBA and SBA Inspector General must be granted these files upon request. The SBA could revisit its forgiveness decision and determine that the Company does not qualify in whole or in part for loan forgiveness and demand repayment of the loans. In addition, it is unknown what type of penalties could be assessed against the Company if the SBA disagrees with the Company’s certification. Any penalties in addition to the potential repayment of the PPP Loans could negatively impact the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations and prospects.

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A summary of short-term and long-term debt as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023 is as follows:

	December 31,		September 30,
	2023		2023
Line of credit payable to bank, monthly interest with variable rate of 8.5% at December 31, 2023, final payment due by June 28, 2024, guaranteed by certain directors of the Company.	$	4,700,000	$	8,712,915
Note payable to bank, due in monthly installments totaling $202,000, including fixed interest at 7.25%, final payment due June 2028, secured by equipment, guaranteed by certain directors of the Company.		9,155,573		8,487,085
Paycheck Protection Program loans from Small Business Administration, 1.0% simple interest, initially forgiven in the fiscal year ended September 30, 2021. Final forgiveness decision has not been determined.		10,209,464		10,184,320
Term note payable to United Bank, WV Pipeline acquisition, due in monthly installments of $64,853 with fixed interest at 4.25%, final payment due by March 25, 2026, secured by receivables and equipment, guaranteed by certain directors of the Company.		1,671,534		1,790,051
Notes payable to finance companies, due in monthly installments totaling $51,000 at December 31, 2023 and $50,000 at September 30, 2023, including interest ranging from 0.00% to 6.92%, final payments due January 2024 through August 2026, secured by equipment.		1,172,920		1,290,148
Note payable to finance company for insurance premiums financed, due in monthly installments totaling $327,000 in calendar year 2023 and $282,000 in calendar year 2022, including interest rate at 6.70%, final payment due December 2023.		—		950,235
Notes payable to bank, due in monthly installments totaling $7,848, including interest at 4.82%, final payment due November 2034 secured by building and property.		798,448		813,242
Notes payable to bank, due in monthly installments totaling $12,580, including variable interest of 9.5% at December 31, 2023, final payment due November 2025 secured by building and property, guaranteed by certain directors of the Company.		263,836		294,761
Notes payable to bank, due in monthly installments totaling $59,932, including fixed interest at 6.0%, final payment due October 2027 secured by receivables and equipment, guaranteed by certain directors of the Company.		2,460,330		2,601,404
Notes payable to David Bolton and Daniel Bolton, due in annual installments totaling $500,000, including fixed interest at 3.25%, final payment due December 31, 2026, unsecured.		917,500		1,660,000
Notes payable to bank, interest at 4.25% of outstanding balance due in monthly installments between January 2021 and January 2022. Beginning February 2022, note payments due in monthly installments totaling  $68,150, including variable interest of 9.5% at December 31, 2023, with final payment due September 2026, secured by equipment, guaranteed by certain directors of the Company.		1,713,569		1,873,831
Term note payable to United Bank, Tri-State Paving acquisition, due in monthly installments of $129,910, fixed interest at 4.50%, final payment due by June 1, 2027, secured by receivables and equipment, guaranteed by certain directors of the Company.		5,369,062		5,698,761
Notes payable to Corns Enterprises, $1,000,000 with fair value of $936,000, due in annual installments totaling $250,000, including fixed interest at 3.50%, final payment due April 29, 2026, unsecured.		234,262		468,523
Total debt	$	38,666,498	$	44,825,276
Less current maturities		21,636,069		25,954,747
Total long term debt, less current maturities	$	17,030,429	$	18,870,529

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13.  GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The Company follows the guidance of ASC Topic 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other, which requires a company to record an impairment charge based on the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount of goodwill over its fair value. Under the current guidance, companies can first choose to assess any impairment based on qualitative factors (Step 0). If a company fails this test or decides to bypass this step, it must proceed with a quantitative assessment of goodwill impairment. The Company did not have a goodwill impairment at December 31, 2023 or September 30, 2023.

A table of the Company’s goodwill is below:

	December 31,		September 30,
	2023		2023
Beginning balance	$	4,087,554	$	4,087,554
Acquired		—		—
Ending balance	$	4,087,554	$	4,087,554

A table of the Company’s intangible assets subject to amortization is below:

								Amortization		Amortization
				Accumulated		Accumulated		and Impairment		and Impairment
	Remaining Life			Amortization and		Amortization and		Three Months		Three Months
	(in months) at			Impairment at		Impairment at		Ended December 31,		Ended December 31,		Net Book Value		Net Book Value
Intangible assets:	December 31, 2023	Original Cost		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023		2023		2022		at December 31, 2023		at September 30, 2023
West Virginia Pipeline:
Customer Relationships	84	$	2,209,724		662,903	$	607,661		55,242		55,242	$	1,546,821	$	1,602,063
Tradename	84		263,584		79,091		72,500		6,591		6,595		184,493		191,084
Non-competes	—		83,203		83,203		83,203		—		10,397		—		—
Revolt Energy:
Employment agreement/non-compete	—		100,000		100,000		100,000		—		4,167		—		—
Tri-State Paving:
Customer Relationships	100		1,649,159		274,860		233,631		41,229		41,280		1,374,299		1,415,528
Tradename	100		203,213		33,869		28,789		5,080		5,082		169,344		174,424
Non-competes	—		39,960		39,960		39,960		—		10,017		—		—
Total intangible assets		$	4,548,843	$	1,273,886	$	1,165,744	$	108,142	$	132,780	$	3,274,957	$	3,383,099

The amortization on identifiable intangible assets for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $108,142 and $132,780, respectively.

Amortization expense associated with the identifiable intangible assets is expected to be as follows:

	Amortization Expense
January 2024 to December 2024	$	432,564
January 2025 to December 2025		432,564
January 2026 to December 2026		432,564
January 2027 to December 2027		432,564
January 2028 to December 2028		432,564
After		1,112,137
Total	$	3,274,957

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14.  LEASE OBLIGATIONS

The Company leases office space for SQP for $1,500 per month. The lease, which was originally signed on March 25, 2021, is for a period of two years with five one-year renewals available immediately following the end of the base term. The Company has only committed to a one-year renewal and is evaluating the intent to renew for additional periods.

The Company has two lease agreements for construction equipment with a combined amount of $160,000. The leases have a term of twenty-two months with a stated interest rate of 0%, combined monthly installment payments of $6,645 and are cancellable at any time without penalty. The Company has the right to purchase the equipment at the expiration of the leases by applying the two-month deposit paid. The related assets and finance lease obligations associated with these lease agreements are included in the consolidated balance sheets within property, plant and equipment and long-term debt.

The Company has two right-of-use operating leases acquired on April 29, 2022, as part of the Tri-State Paving, LLC transaction. The first operating lease, for the Hurricane, West Virginia facility, had a net present value of $236,000 at inception, and a carrying value of $106,000 at December 31, 2023. The second operating lease, for the Chattanooga, Tennessee facility, had a net present value of $144,000 at inception, and a carrying value of $40,000 at December 31, 2023. The 4.5% interest rate on the operating leases is based on the Company’s incremental borrowing rate at inception.

The Company has a right-of-use operating lease with Enterprise Fleet Management, Inc. (Enterprise) acquired on August 11, 2022, as part of the Ryan Environmental acquisition. This lease agreement was initially for thirty-one vehicles with a net present value of $1.2 million. The Company had sixty-nine vehicles on lease at December 31, 2023. The right-of-use operating lease has a carrying value of $2.5 million at December 31, 2023. Each vehicle leased under the master lease program has its own implicit rate ranging from 12.8% to 15.6%.

The Company has a right-of-use operating lease with RICA Developers, LLC acquired on August 12, 2022 and renewed for one year effective October 1, 2023. This lease, for the Bridgeport, West Virginia facility, had a net present value of $125,000 at inception and a carrying value of $83,000 at December 31, 2023. The 8.5% interest rate on the operating lease was based on the Company’s incremental borrowing rate at renewal.

The Company has a right-of-use operating lease acquired on March 28, 2023. This lease, for the Winchester, Kentucky facility, had a net present value of $290,000 at inception and a carrying value of $231,000 at December 31, 2023. The 7.75% interest rate on the operating lease is based on the Company’s incremental borrowing rate at inception.

Schedules related to the Company’s operating leases at December 31, 2023 can be found below:

Operating Lease-Weighted Average Remaining Term

			Present value of
	Years left		remaining liability	Lease end	Fiscal year end
Operating lease 1	1.3	$	106,295	4/30/2025	2025
Operating lease 2	0.4		40,426	5/31/2024	2024
Operating lease 3	4.0		2,459,525	12/31/2027	2027
Operating lease 4	0.8		82,974	9/30/2024	2024
Operating lease 5	2.3		231,313	3/31/2026	2026
		$	2,920,533
Weighted average remaining term			3.6 years

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Operating Lease Maturity Schedule
2024	$	1,419,055
2025		1,048,659
2026		711,465
2027		330,132
		3,509,311
Less amounts representing interest		(588,778)
Present value of operating lease liabilities	$	2,920,533

	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended
Operating Lease Expense	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Amortization
Operating lease 1	$	26,705	$	18,841
Operating lease 2		16,605		15,559
Operating lease 3		161,724		68,528
Operating lease 4		41,728		29,612
Operating lease 5		30,858		—
Total amortization		277,620		132,540
Interest
Operating lease 1		1,295		2,160
Operating lease 2		504		1,219
Operating lease 3		68,910		12,570
Operating lease 4		1,472		1,162
Operating lease 5		4,206		—
Total interest		76,387		17,111
Total amortization and interest	$	354,007	$	149,651

	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended
Cash Paid for Operating Leases	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Operating lease 1	$	28,000	$	21,001
Operating lease 2		17,109		16,778
Operating lease 3		230,634		81,098
Operating lease 4		43,200		30,774
Operating lease 5		35,064		—
	$	354,007	$	149,651

The Company rents equipment for use on construction projects with rental agreements being week to week or month to month. Rental expense can vary by reporting period due to equipment requirements on construction projects and the availability of Company owned equipment. Rental expense, which is included in cost of goods sold on the consolidated statements of income, was $5.4 million and $2.7 million, respectively, for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

15.  SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On November 15, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors approved an annual dividend of $0.06 per common share. The 2024 dividend was paid on January 2, 2024 to holders of record as of December 15, 2023. While this is expected to be an annual dividend, factors such as income from operations, cash flows, and overall financial outlook may affect future dividend payments.

Management has evaluated all subsequent events for accounting and disclosure. There have been no other material events during the period, other than noted above, that would either impact the results reflected in the report or the Company’s results going forward.

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ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

You should read the following discussion of the financial condition and results of operations of Energy Services in conjunction with the “Financial Statements” appearing in this report as well as the historical financial statements and related notes contained elsewhere herein. Among other things, those historical consolidated financial statements include more detailed information regarding the basis of presentation for the following information. The term “Energy Services” refers to the Company, West Virginia Pipeline, SQP, Tri-State Paving, Ryan Construction, and C.J. Hughes and C.J. Hughes’ wholly owned subsidiaries on a consolidated basis.

Forward Looking Statements

Within Energy Services’ (as defined below) consolidated financial statements and this Annual Report on Form 10-K, there are included statements reflecting assumptions, expectations, projections, intentions, or beliefs about future events that are intended as “forward-looking statements” under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. You can identify these statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. They use words such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “project,” “forecast,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “expect,” “believe,” “intend” and other words of similar meaning.

These forward-looking statements do not guarantee future performance and involve or rely on risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that are difficult to predict or beyond Energy Services’ control. Energy Services has based its forward-looking statements on management’s beliefs and assumptions based on information available to management at the time the statements are made. Actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed, implied, and forecasted by forward-looking statements and any or all of Energy Services’ forward-looking statements may turn out to be wrong. The accuracy of such statements can be affected by inaccurate assumptions and by known or unknown risks and uncertainties.

All the forward-looking statements, whether written or oral, are expressly qualified by these cautionary statements and any other cautionary statements that may accompany such forward-looking statements or that are otherwise included in this report. In addition, Energy Services does not undertake and expressly disclaims any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this report or otherwise.

Company Overview

Energy Services of America Corporation (“Energy Services” or the “Company”), formed in 2006, is a contractor and service company that operates primarily in the mid-Atlantic and central regions of the United States and provides services to customers in the natural gas, petroleum, water distribution, automotive, chemical, and power industries. For the gas industry, the Company is primarily engaged in the construction, replacement and repair of natural gas pipelines and storage facilities for utility companies and private natural gas companies. Energy Services is involved in the construction of both interstate and intrastate pipelines, with an emphasis on the latter. For the oil industry, the Company provides a variety of services relating to pipeline, storage facilities and plant work. For the power, chemical, and automotive industries, the Company provides a full range of electrical and mechanical installations and repairs including substation and switchyard services, site preparation, equipment setting, pipe fabrication and installation, packaged buildings, transformers, and other ancillary work with regards thereto. Energy Services’ other pipeline services include corrosion protection services, horizontal drilling services, liquid pipeline construction, pump station construction, production facility construction, water and sewer pipeline installations, various maintenance and repair services and other services related to pipeline construction. The Company has also added the ability to install broadband and solar electric systems and perform civil and general contracting services.

Energy Services’ customers include many of the leading companies in the industries it serves, including:

TransCanada Corporation

NiSource, Inc.

Marathon Petroleum

Mountaineer Gas

American Electric Power

Toyota Motor Manufacturing

Bayer Chemical

Dow Chemical

Kentucky American Water

West Virginia American Water

Various state, county and municipal public service districts.

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The majority of the Company’s customers are in West Virginia, Virginia, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Kentucky. However, the Company also performs work in other states including Alabama, Michigan, Illinois, Tennessee, and Indiana.

Energy Services’ sales force consists of industry professionals with significant relevant sales experience, who utilize industry contacts and available public data to determine how to market the Company’s line of products most appropriately. The Company relies on direct contact between its sales force and customers’ engineering and contracting departments to obtain new business.

A substantial portion of the Company’s workforce are union members of various construction-related trade unions and are subject to separately negotiated collective bargaining agreements that expire at varying time intervals. The Company believes its relationship with its unionized workforce is good.

C.J. Hughes Construction Company, Inc. (“C.J. Hughes”), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, is a general contractor primarily engaged in pipeline construction for utility companies. Contractors Rental Corporation (“Contractors Rental”), a wholly owned subsidiary of C.J. Hughes, provides union building trade employees for projects managed by C.J. Hughes.

Nitro Construction Services, Inc. (“NCS”), a wholly owned subsidiary of C.J. Hughes, provides electrical, mechanical, HVAC/R, and fire protection services to customers primarily in the automotive, chemical, and power industries. Revolt Energy, LLC (“Revolt”), a wholly owned subsidiary of NCS, performs residential solar installation projects. Nitro Electric Company, LLC (“Nitro Electric”), a wholly owned subsidiary of NCS, performs industrial electrical work and has a satellite office registered in Michigan. Pinnacle Technical Solutions, Inc. (“Pinnacle”), a wholly owned subsidiary of NCS, operates as a data storage facility within Nitro’s office building. Pinnacle is supported by NCS and has no employees of its own. NCS and its subsidiaries will collectively be referred to “Nitro”.

All C.J. Hughes, Nitro, and Contractors Rental construction personnel are union members of various related construction trade unions and are subject to collective bargaining agreements that expire at varying time intervals.

West Virginia Pipeline, Inc. (“West Virginia Pipeline” or “WVP”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Energy Services, operates as a gas and water distribution contractor primarily in southern West Virginia. The employees of West Virginia Pipeline are non-union and are managed independently of the Company’s union subsidiaries.

SQP Construction Group, Inc. (“SQP”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Energy Services, operates as a general contractor primarily in West Virginia. SQP engages in the construction and renovation of buildings and other civil construction projects for state and local government agencies and commercial customers. As a general contractor, SQP manages the overall construction project and subcontracts most of the work. The employees of SQP are non-union and are managed independently of the Company’s union subsidiaries.

Tri-State Paving & Sealcoating, Inc. (“TSP” or “Tri-State Paving”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Energy Services, completed the acquisition of substantially all the assets of Tri-State Paving & Sealcoating, LLC (“Tri-State Paving, LLC”) on April 29, 2022. Tri-State Paving provides utility paving services to water distribution customers in the Charleston, West Virginia, Lexington, Kentucky, and Chattanooga, Tennessee markets. The employees of TSP are non-union and are managed independently of the Company’s union subsidiaries.

Ryan Construction Services Inc. (“Ryan Construction” or “RCS”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Energy Services, formed in August 2022 in connection with the acquisition of substantially all the assets of Ryan Environmental, LLC and Ryan Environmental Transport, LLC (collectively “Ryan Environmental”), provides directional drilling services for broadband service providers along with offering natural gas distribution services, cathodic protection and corrosion prevention services, and civil construction services. Ryan Construction operates primarily in West Virginia and Pennsylvania. The employees of RCS are non-union and are managed independently of the Company’s union subsidiaries.

The Company’s website address is www.energyservicesofamerica.com.

Seasonality: Fluctuation of Results

Our revenues and results of operations can and usually are subject to seasonal variations. These variations are the result of weather, customer spending patterns, bidding seasons and holidays. The first quarter of the calendar year is typically the slowest in terms

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of revenues because inclement weather conditions cause delays in production and customers usually do not plan large projects during that time. While usually better than the first quarter, the second calendar year quarter often has some inclement weather which can cause delays in production, reducing the revenues the Company receives and/or increasing the production costs. The third and fourth calendar year quarters usually are less impacted by weather and usually have the largest number of projects underway. Many projects are completed in the fourth calendar year quarter and revenues are often impacted by customers seeking to either spend their capital budget for the year or scale back projects due to capital budget overruns.

In addition to the fluctuations discussed above, the pipeline industry can be highly cyclical, reflecting variances in capital expenditures in proportion to energy price fluctuations. As a result, our volume of business may be adversely affected by where our customers are in the cycle and thereby their financial condition as to their capital needs and access to capital to finance those needs.

Three Months Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 Overview

The following is an overview of results from operations for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended
	December 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Revenue	$	90,163,187	$	60,042,585
Cost of revenues		79,324,226		54,056,323
Gross profit		10,838,961		5,986,262
Selling and administrative expenses		7,198,720		5,316,138
Income from operations		3,640,241		670,124
Other income (expense)
Interest income		—		72
Other nonoperating income (expense)		75,001		(80,663)
Interest expense		(601,684)		(499,428)
Loss on sale of equipment		(13,328)		(31,343)
		(540,011)		(611,362)
Income before income taxes		3,100,230		58,762
Income tax expense (benefit)		1,058,035		(79,612)
Net income	$	2,042,195	$	138,374
Weighted average shares outstanding-basic		16,567,185		16,667,185
Weighted average shares-diluted		16,607,185		16,667,185
Earnings per share-basic	$	0.12	$	0.01
Earnings per share-diluted	$	0.12	$	0.01

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Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended December 31, 2023 Compared to the Three Months Ended December 31, 2022

Revenues. A table comparing the Company’s revenues for the three months ended December 31, 2023 compared to the three months ended December 31, 2022, is below:

	Three Months Ended
	December 31, 2023		% of total		December 31, 2022		% of total		Change		% Change
Gas & Water Distribution	$	17,082,895	18.9	%	$	12,389,558	20.6	%	$	4,693,337	37.9	%
Gas & Petroleum Transmission		28,563,243	31.7	%		16,840,150	28.0	%		11,723,093	69.6	%
Electrical, Mechanical, & General		44,517,049	49.4	%		30,812,877	51.3	%		13,704,172	44.5	%
Total	$	90,163,187	100.0	%	$	60,042,585	100.0	%	$	30,120,602	50.2	%

Total revenues increased by $30.1 million to $90.1 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023, as compared to $60.0 million for the three months ended December 31, 2022. The increase was a result of increased work in all categories of business.

Gas & Water Distribution revenues totaled $17.1 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023, a $4.7 million increase from $12.4 million for the three months ended December 31, 2022. The revenue increase was primarily related to increased paving services performed on water projects and increased gas and water distribution work.

Gas & Petroleum Transmission revenues totaled $28.6 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023, an $11.7 million increase from $16.8 million for the three months ended December 31, 2022. The revenue increase was primarily related to gas transmission work that was awarded during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023 and continued into the first quarter of fiscal year 2024.

Electrical, Mechanical, & General construction services revenues totaled $44.5 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023, a $13.7 million increase from $30.8 million for the three months ended December 31, 2022. The revenue increase was primarily related to an increase in general contracting and electrical services performed during the three months ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in the prior year.

Cost of Revenues. A table comparing the Company’s costs of revenues for the three months ended December 31, 2023, compared to the three months ended December 31, 2022, is below:

	Three Months Ended
	December 31, 2023		% of total		December 31, 2022		% of total		Change		% Change
Gas & Water Distribution	$	13,096,993	16.5	%	$	10,573,986	19.6	%	$	2,523,007	23.9	%
Gas & Petroleum Transmission		25,166,606	31.7	%		14,026,448	25.9	%		11,140,158	79.4	%
Electrical, Mechanical, & General		41,055,133	51.8	%		29,159,581	53.9	%		11,895,552	40.8	%
Unallocated Shop Expense		5,494	0.0	%		296,308	0.5	%		(290,814)	(98.1)	%
Total	$	79,324,226	100.0	%	$	54,056,323	100.0	%	$	25,267,903	46.7	%

Total cost of revenues increased by $25.3 million to $79.3 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023, as compared to $54.1 million for the three months ended December 31, 2022. The cost of revenues increase was a result of increased work in all categories of business, partially offset by less unallocated shop expenses.

Gas & Water Distribution cost of revenues totaled $13.1 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023, a $2.5 million increase from $10.6 million for the three months ended December 31, 2022. The cost of revenue increase was primarily related to increased paving services performed on water projects and increased gas and water distribution work.

Gas & Petroleum Transmission cost of revenues totaled $25.2 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023, an $11.1 million increase from $14.0 million for the three months ended December 31, 2022. The cost of revenue increase was primarily related to gas transmission work that was awarded during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023 and continued into the first quarter of fiscal year 2024.

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Electrical, Mechanical, & General construction services cost of revenues totaled $41.1 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023, an $11.9 million increase from $29.2 million for the three months ended December 31, 2022. The cost of revenue increase was primarily related to an increase in general contracting and electrical services performed during the three months ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in the prior year.

Unallocated shop expenses totaled $5,500 for the three months ended December 31, 2023, a $291,000 decrease from $296,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2022. The decrease in unallocated shop expenses was due to increased internal equipment charges to projects for the three months ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in the prior year.

Gross Profit (Loss). A table comparing the Company’s gross profit for the three months ended December 31, 2023, compared to the three months ended December 31, 2022, is below:

	Three Months Ended
	December 31, 2023			% of revenue		December 31, 2022			% of revenue		Change		% Change
Gas & Water Distribution	$	3,985,902		36.77	%	$	1,815,572		30.33	%	$	2,170,330	119.5	%
Gas & Petroleum Transmission		3,396,637		31.34	%		2,813,702		47.00	%		582,935	20.7	%
Electrical, Mechanical, & General		3,461,916		31.94	%		1,653,296		27.62	%		1,808,620	109.4	%
Unallocated Shop Expense		(5,494)		(0.05)	%		(296,308)		(4.95)	%		290,814	(98.1)	%
Total	$	10,838,961		100.0	%	$	5,986,262		100.0	%	$	4,852,699	81.1	%
Gross profit percentage		12.0	%				10.0	%

Total gross profit increased by $4.9 million to $10.8 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023, as compared to $6.0 million for the three months ended December 31, 2022.

Gas & Water Distribution gross profit totaled $4.0 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023, a $2.2 million increase from $1.8 million for the three months ended December 31, 2022. The gross profit increase was primarily related to increased paving services provided for water projects and increase water distribution services performed during the three months ended December 31, 2023 as compared to the same period in the prior year.

Gas & Petroleum Transmission gross profit totaled $3.4 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023, a $583,000 increase from $2.8 million for the three months ended December 31, 2022. The gross profit increase was primarily related to gas transmission work that was awarded during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023 and continued into the first quarter of fiscal year 2024.

Electrical, Mechanical, & General construction services gross profit totaled $3.5 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023, a 1.8 million increase from $1.7 million for the three months ended December 31, 2022. The increase was primarily related to an increase in general contracting and electrical services performed during the three months ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in the prior year.

Gross loss attributable to unallocated shop expenses totaled $5,500 for the three months ended December 31, 2023, a $291,000 decrease from $296,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2022. The decrease in unallocated shop expenses was due to increased internal equipment charges to projects for the three months ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in the prior year.

Selling and administrative expenses. Total selling and administrative expenses increased by $1.9 million to $7.2 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023, as compared to $5.3 million for the same period in the prior year. The increase was primarily related to additional personnel hired to secure and manage work for expected growth.

Other nonoperating income (expense). Other nonoperating income totaled $75,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2023, as compared to a nonoperating expense of ($81,000) for the same period in the prior year. The change was primarily related to an immaterial legal settlement that recouped costs expended in a prior period.

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Interest expense. Interest expense totaled $602,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2023, an increase of $102,000 from $499,000 for the same period in the prior year. The increase in interest expense was primarily due to interest paid for equipment financing added in late fiscal year 2023 and an increase in interest rates.

Loss Gain on sale of equipment. Loss on sale of equipment totaled $13,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2023, a decrease of $18,000 from $31,000 for the same period in the prior year. The Company sold certain underutilized or non-working pieces of equipment during the three months ended December 31, 2023, with no comparable sale occurring during the three months ended December 31, 2022.

Net income. Income before income taxes was $3.1 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023, as compared to $59,000 for the same period in the prior year. The increase was primarily related to the items mentioned above.

Income tax expense for the three months ended December 31, 2023, was $1.1 million compared to an income tax benefit of ($80,000) for the same period in the prior year. The increase in income tax expense was due to the increase in taxable income for the three months ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the prior period.

Net income for the three months ended December 31, 2023, was $2.0 million, as compared to $138,000 for the same period in the prior year.

Comparison of Financial Condition at December 31, 2023, and September 30, 2023

The Company had total assets of $136.4 million at December 31, 2023, a decrease of $6.1 million from the prior fiscal year end balance of $142.5 million.

Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts, totaled $43.2 million at December 31, 2023, a decrease of $8.0 million from the prior fiscal year end balance of $51.2 million. The decrease was primarily due to the timing of cash collections and project invoicing since September 30, 2023.

Cash and cash equivalents totaled $11.3 million at December 31, 2023, an increase of $5.2 million from the prior fiscal year end balance of $16.4 million. The decrease was primarily due to a net $2.9 million provided from operating activities, partially offset by a net $1.0 million investment in equipment, and $7.0 million in net short-term and long-term debt repayments.

Prepaid expenses and other totaled $2.7 million at December 31, 2023, a decrease of $833,000 from the prior fiscal year end balance of $3.5 million. The decrease was primarily due to expensing prepaid insurance during the three months ended December 31, 2023.

Right-of-use assets totaled $2.9 million at December 31, 2023, a decrease of $409,000 from the prior fiscal year end balance of $3.3 million. The decrease was primarily due to the amortization of operating leases during the three months ended December 31, 2023, partially offset by a net increase in leased vehicles.

The Company had net property, plant and equipment of $36.3 million at December 31, 2023, a decrease of $248,000 from the prior fiscal year end balance of $36.5 million. The decrease was due to $2.2 million in asset additions, partially offset by $2.1 million in depreciation and net equipment disposals of $379,000.

Intangible assets, net totaled $3.3 million at December 31, 2023, a decrease of $108,000 from the prior fiscal year end balance of $3.4 million. The decrease was due to the amortization of intangible assets during the three months ended December 31, 2023.

Contract assets totaled $21.8 million at December 31, 2023, an increase of $5.8 million from the prior fiscal year end balance of $16.0 million. The increase was due to a difference in the timing of project billings at December 31, 2023, compared to September 30, 2023.

Retainage receivable totaled $9.7 million at December 31, 2023, an increase of $2.1 million from the prior fiscal year end balance of $7.6 million. The increase was primarily due to more current year projects that require retainages to be withheld.

Goodwill totaled $4.1 million at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023.

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The Company had total liabilities of $100.7 million at December 31, 2023, a decrease of $7.2 million from the prior fiscal year end balance of $107.9 million.

Lines of credit and short-term borrowings totaled $14.9 million at December 31, 2023, a decrease of $4.9 million from the prior fiscal year end balance of $19.8 million. The decrease was due to repayments on the line of credit and insurance premiums financed.

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities totaled $11.6 million at December 31, 2023, a decrease of $1.5 million from the prior fiscal year end balance of $13.1 million. The decrease was due to the timing of accrued expense payments, as compared to September 30, 2023.

Long-term debt totaled $23.8 million at December 31, 2023, a decrease of $1.2 million from the prior fiscal year end balance of $25.0 million. The decrease in long-term debt was primarily due to $2.1 million in payments on long-term debt, partially offset by $813,000 in new equipment financing.

Current and long-term operating lease liabilities totaled $2.9 million at December 31, 2023, a decrease of $430,000 from the prior fiscal year end balance of $3.4 million. The decrease was due to payments made during the three months ended December 31, 2023.

Contract liabilities totaled $17.7 million at December 31, 2023, a decrease of $79,000 from the prior fiscal year end balance of $17.7 million. The decrease was due to a difference in the timing of project billings at December 31, 2023, as compared to September 30, 2023.

Deferred tax liabilities totaled $7.7 million at December 31, 2023, an increase of $782,000 from the prior fiscal year end balance of $6.9 million. The decrease was primarily related to the reduction of the net operating loss carry forward during the three months ended December 31, 2023.

Accounts payable totaled $22.3 million at December 31, 2023, an increase of approximately $0.2 million from the prior fiscal year end balance of $22.0 million. The increase was due to the timing of accounts payable payments as compared to September 30, 2023.

Shareholders’ equity was $35.6 million at December 31, 2023, an increase of $1.0 million from the prior fiscal year end balance of $34.6 million. The increase was due to net income of $2.0 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023, partially offset by an annual cash dividend declaration of $994,000 paid on January 2, 2024.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Operating Line of Credit

On July 13, 2022, the Company received a one-year extension on its $15.0 million operating line of credit effective June 28, 2022. The interest rate on the line of credit is the “Wall Street Journal” Prime Rate (the index) with a floor of 4.99%. On January 19,

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2023, the Company received an amendment to the agreement which increased the line of credit to $30.0 million with a maturity date of June 28, 2023. On June 1, 2023, the agreement was renewed through June 28, 2024.

The line of credit is limited to a borrowing base calculation as summarized below:

	December 31, 2023			September 30, 2023
Eligible borrowing base	$	15,950,633		$	23,942,868
Borrowed on line of credit		4,700,000			8,712,915
Line of credit balance available	$	11,250,633		$	15,229,953
Interest rate		8.5	%		8.5	%

The modified financial covenants for the quarter ended June 30, 2023, and all subsequent quarters, are below:

● Minimum tangible net worth of $28.0 million,

● Minimum traditional debt service coverage of 1.50x on a rolling twelve- month basis,

● Minimum current ratio of 1.20x,

● Maximum debt to tangible net worth ratio (“TNW”) of 2.75x,

● Each ratio and covenant shall be determined, tested, and measured as of each calendar quarter beginning June 30, 2023,

● The Company shall maintain a ratio of Maximum Senior Funded Debt (“SFD”) to Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (“EBDITA”) equal to or less than 3.5:1. SFD shall mean any funded debt or lease of the Company, other than subordinated debt. The covenant shall be tested quarterly, at the end of each fiscal quarter, with EBITDA based on the preceding four quarters.

The Company’s lender has agreed to omit the effect of the PPP loan restatement from the Company’s covenant compliance calculations while a final decision on PPP loan forgiveness remains in question. Thus, the Company was in compliance with all covenants at December 31, 2023. The Company projects to meet all covenant requirements for the next twelve months.

Insurance Premiums Financed

The Company financed its captive insurance policy premiums on a short-term basis through a financing company for the calendar years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. These insurance policies include workers’ compensation, general liability, automobile, umbrella, and equipment policies. The Company made down payments in January 2023 and 2022 and financed the remaining premium amount over eleven monthly payments. At December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, the remaining balance of the insurance premiums was $0 and $950,000, respectively.

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Paycheck Protection Program Loans

Due to the economic uncertainties created by COVID-19 and limited operating funds available, the Company applied for loans under the PPP. On April 15, 2020, the Company and its subsidiaries, C.J. Hughes, Contractors Rental and Nitro, entered into separate PPP notes effective April 7, 2020, with its Lender in an aggregate principal amount of $13.1 million pursuant to the PPP Loans. In a special meeting held on April 27, 2020, the Board of Directors of the Company unanimously voted to return $3.3 million of the PPP Loans after discussing the financing needs of the Company and subsidiaries. That left the Company and subsidiaries with $9.8 million in PPP Loans to fund operations. During fiscal year 2021, the Company received notice that the SBA had granted forgiveness of the $9.8 million of PPP Loans and the SBA repaid the Lender in full. The forgiveness was recorded as other income for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2021.

During April 2023, management received notification from the SBA that one of the Company’s forgiveness applications related to the PPP Loans was under review. As part of the review, the SBA requested additional payroll information. Additionally, the SBA requested information regarding the ability of the Company’s affiliates to meet SBA size standards and/or PPP corporate maximum limits. The requested information was subsequently provided to the SBA through the Lender. The Company recognizes that there is a possibility that the SBA could reverse its previous determination on the forgiveness of the PPP Loans. As a result of this uncertainty, the Company restated the previously audited financial statements of the Company for the fiscal years 2022 and 2021. The Company has recorded a short-term borrowing due to the SBA inquiry for the full $9.8 million, plus accrued interest.

During July 2023, management received notification from the SBA that two additional forgiveness applications related to the PPP Loans were under review. As part of the review, the SBA requested information regarding the ability of the Company’s affiliates to meet SBA size standards and/or PPP corporate maximum limits. The requested information was subsequently provided to the SBA through the Lender.

Borrowers must retain PPP documentation for at least six years after the date the loan is forgiven or paid in full, and the SBA and SBA Inspector General must be granted these files upon request. The SBA could revisit its forgiveness decision and determine that the Company does not qualify in whole or in part for loan forgiveness and demand repayment of the loans. In addition, it is unknown what type of penalties could be assessed against the Company if the SBA disagrees with the Company’s certification. Any penalties in addition to the potential repayment of the PPP Loans could negatively impact the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations and prospects.

Long-Term Debt

On December 16, 2014, the Company’s Nitro subsidiary entered into a 20-year $1.2 million loan agreement with a bank to purchase the office building and property it had previously been leasing. The interest rate on this loan agreement is 4.82% with monthly payments of $7,800. The interest rate on this note is subject to change from time to time based on changes in the U.S. Treasury yield, adjusted to a constant maturity of three years as published by the Federal Reserve weekly. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had made principal payments of $402,000. The loan is collateralized by the building purchased under this agreement. The note is currently held by Peoples Bank, Inc., formerly First Bank of Charleston, Inc. (West Virginia).

On November 13, 2015, the Company entered into a 10-year $1.1 million loan agreement with United Bank to purchase the fabrication shop and property Nitro had previously been leasing. The variable interest rate on the loan agreement is 9.5% at December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had made principal payments of $836,000. The loan is collateralized by the building and property purchased under this agreement.

On December 31, 2020, West Virginia Pipeline Acquisition Company, later renamed West Virginia Pipeline, Inc., entered into a $3.0 million sellers’ note agreement with David and Daniel Bolton for the remaining purchase price of West Virginia Pipeline, Inc. For the purchase price allocation, the $3.0 million note had a fair value of $2.85 million. As part of the $6.35 million acquisition price, the Company paid $3.5 million in cash in addition to the note. The unsecured five-year term note requires annual payments of at least $500,000 with a fixed interest rate of 3.25% on the $3.0 million sellers’ note, which equates to 5.35% on the carrying value of the note. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had made annual installment payments of $2.1 million.

On January 4, 2021, the Company entered into a $3.0 million Non-Revolving Note agreement with United Bank. This five-year agreement gave the Company access to a $3.0 million line of credit (“Equipment Line of Credit 2021”), specifically for the purchase of equipment, for a period of twelve months with a variable interest rate initially established at 4.25% as based on the Prime Rate as

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published by The Wall Street Journal. After twelve months, all borrowings against the Equipment Line of Credit 2021 were converted to a four-year term note agreement with a variable interest rate initially established at 4.25%. The loan is collateralized by the equipment purchased under this agreement. As of December 31, 2023, the Company borrowed $3.0 million against this line of credit with monthly payments of $68,150 that started in February 2022. The interest rate at December 31, 2022 was 9.5%. The Company has made principal payments of $1.3 million on this note as of December 31, 2023.

On April 2, 2021, the Company entered into a $3.5 million Non-Revolving Note agreement with United Bank. This five-year agreement repaid the outstanding $3.5 million line of credit that was used for the down payment on the West Virginia Pipeline acquisition. This loan has monthly installment payments of $64,853 and has a fixed interest rate of 4.25%. The loan is collateralized by the Company’s equipment and receivables. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had made principal payments of $1.8 million.

On April 29, 2022, the Company entered into a $7.5 million Non-Revolving Note agreement with United Bank. This five-year agreement was used to finance the purchase of Tri-State Paving and has monthly payments of $129,910 with a fixed interest rate of 4.25%. The Company has made principal payments of $2.1 million on this note as of December 31, 2023.

On October 10, 2022, the Company entered into a $3.1 million promissory note agreement with United Bank. This five-year agreement financed the previous cash value of equipment purchased in the Ryan Construction acquisition. This loan has monthly installment payments of $59,932 and has a fixed interest rate of 6.0%. The loan is collateralized by the Company’s equipment and receivables. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had made principal payments of $640,000.

On April 29, 2022, the Company entered into a $1.0 million promissory note agreement with Corns Enterprises, a related party, as partial consideration for the purchase of Tri-State Paving. David E. Corns remained as president of Tri-State Paving. This four-year agreement requires $250,000 principal installment payments on or before the end of each twelve (12) full calendar month period beginning April 29, 2022. Interest payments due shall be calculated on the principal balance remaining and shall be at the stated rate of 3.5% per year. The Company has made principal payments of $750,000 on this note as of December 31, 2023.

On June 1, 2023, the Company entered into a $9.3 million Non-Revolving Note agreement with United Bank. This five-year agreement gave the Company access to a $9.3 million line of credit (“Equipment Line of Credit 2023”), specifically for the purchase of equipment, for a period of six months with a fixed interest rate of 7.25%. After six months, all borrowings against the Equipment Line of Credit 2023 will convert to a fifty-four-month term note agreement with a fixed interest rate of 7.25%. The loan is collateralized by the equipment purchased under this agreement. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had borrowed $9.3 million against this line of credit and made $144,000 in principal payments.

Operating Leases

The Company leases office space for SQP for $1,500 per month. The lease, which was originally signed on March 25, 2021, is for a period of two years with five one-year renewals available immediately following the end of the base term. The Company has only committed to a one-year renewal and is evaluating the intent to renew for additional periods.

The Company has two lease agreements for construction equipment with a combined amount of $160,000. The leases have a term of twenty-two months with a stated interest rate of 0%, combined monthly installment payments of $6,645 and are cancellable at any time without penalty. The Company has the right to purchase the equipment at the expiration of the leases by applying the two-month deposit paid. The related assets and finance lease obligations associated with these lease agreements are included in the consolidated balance sheets within property, plant and equipment and long-term debt.

The Company has two right-of-use operating leases acquired on April 29, 2022, as part of the Tri-State Paving, LLC transaction. The first operating lease, for the Hurricane, West Virginia facility, had a net present value of $236,000 at inception, and a carrying value of $106,000 at December 31, 2023. The second operating lease, for the Chattanooga, Tennessee facility, had a net present value of $144,000 at inception, and a carrying value of $40,000 at December 31, 2023. The 4.5% interest rate on the operating leases is based on the Company’s incremental borrowing rate at inception.

The Company has a right-of-use operating lease with Enterprise acquired on August 11, 2022, as part of the Ryan Environmental acquisition. This lease agreement was initially for thirty-one vehicles with a net present value of $1.2 million. The Company had sixty-nine vehicles on lease at December 31, 2023. The right-of-use operating lease has a carrying value of $2.5 million at December 31, 2023. Each vehicle leased under the master lease program has its own implicit rate ranging from 12.8% to 15.6%.

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The Company has a right-of-use operating lease with RICA Developers, LLC acquired on August 12, 2022 and renewed for one year effective October 1, 2023. This lease, for the Bridgeport, West Virginia facility, had a net present value of $125,000 at inception and a carrying value of $83,000 at December 31, 2023. The 8.5% interest rate on the operating lease was based on the Company’s incremental borrowing rate at renewal.

The Company has a right-of-use operating lease acquired on March 28, 2023. This lease, for the Winchester, Kentucky facility, had a net present value of $290,000 at inception and a carrying value of $231,000 at December 31, 2023. The 7.75% interest rate on the operating lease is based on the Company’s incremental borrowing rate at inception.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Due to the nature of our industry, we often enter into certain off-balance sheet arrangements in the ordinary course of business that result in risks not directly reflected in our balance sheets. Though for the most part not material in nature, some of these are:

Rental Agreements

The Company rents equipment for use on construction projects with rental agreements being week to week or month to month. Rental expense can vary by reporting period due to equipment requirements on construction projects and the availability of Company owned equipment. Rental expense, which is included in cost of goods sold on the consolidated statements of income, was $5.4 million and $2.7 million, respectively, for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Letters of Credit

Certain customers or vendors may require letters of credit to secure payments that the vendors are making on our behalf or to secure payments to subcontractors and vendors on various customer projects. At December 31, 2023, the Company did not have any letters of credit outstanding.

Performance Bonds

Some customers, particularly new ones or governmental agencies require the Company to post bid bonds, performance bonds and payment bonds (collectively, performance bonds). These performance bonds are obtained through insurance carriers and guarantee to the customer that we will perform under the terms of a contract and that we will pay subcontractors and vendors. If the Company fails to perform under a contract or to pay subcontractors and vendors, the customer may demand that the insurer make payments or provide services under the bond. The Company must reimburse the insurer for any expenses or outlays it is required to make.

Currently, the Company has an agreement with a surety company to provide bonding which will suit the Company’s immediate needs. The ability to obtain bonding for future contracts is an important factor in the contracting industry with respect to the type and value of contracts that can be bid. Depending upon the size and conditions of a particular contract, the Company may be required to post letters of credit or other collateral in favor of the insurer. Posting of these letters or other collateral will reduce our borrowing capabilities. The Company does not anticipate any claims in the foreseeable future. At December 31, 2023, the Company had $98.4 million in performance bonds outstanding.

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Concentration of Credit Risk

In the ordinary course of business, the Company grants credit under normal payment terms, generally without collateral, to our customers, which include natural gas and oil companies, general contractors, and various commercial and industrial customers located within the United States. Consequently, the Company is subject to potential credit risk related to business and economic factors that would affect these companies. However, the Company generally has certain statutory lien rights with respect to services provided. Under certain circumstances such as foreclosure, the Company may take title to the underlying assets in lieu of cash in settlement of receivables.

Please see the tables below for customers that represent 10.0% or more of the Company’s revenue or accounts receivable, net of retention for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended
Revenue	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
NiSource and subsidiaries	10.9	%	14.0	%
TransCanada Corporation	22.8	%	13.6	%
All other	66.3	%	72.4	%
Total	100.0	%	100.0	%

* Less than 10.0% and included in “All other” if applicable

Accounts receivable, net of retention	at December 31, 2023		at September 30, 2023
NiSource and subsidiaries	*		11.8	%
All other	100.0	%	88.2	%
Total	100.0	%	100.0	%

* Less than 10.0% and included in “All other” if applicable

Litigation

In February 2018, the Company filed a lawsuit against a former customer in the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania. The lawsuit is related to a dispute over work performed on a pipeline construction project. On November 21, 2022, a Judgment Order was issued, and the Company was awarded $13.1 million, of which $5.8 million was the jury award, $1.6 million was for attorney’s fees, and $5.7 million was for penalties and interest. The amounts awarded by the Judgment Order have not been recognized in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2023. The Company’s attorney’s fees have been expensed as incurred. The case has been appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit and is expected to be heard within the next 12 months.

On November 12, 2021, the Company received a withdrawal liability claim from a pension plan to which the Company made pension contributions for union construction employees performing covered work in a particular jurisdiction. The Company has not performed covered work in their jurisdiction since 2011; however, the Company disagrees with the withdrawal claim and believes it is covered by an exemption under federal law. The demand called for thirty-four quarterly installment payments of $41,000 starting December 15, 2021. The Company must comply with the demand under federal pension law; however, the Company firmly believes no withdrawal liability exists. The Company is in negotiations with the pension fund to resolve the matter and all future payments have been suspended as part of the negotiation. The Company has expensed all $164,000 in payments made through September 30, 2022 and does not expect any future liabilities related to this claim. The Company did not make any payments during the three months ended December 31, 2023.

Other than described above, at December 31, 2023, the Company was not involved in any legal proceedings other than in the ordinary course of business. The Company is a party from time to time to various lawsuits, claims and other legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. These actions typically seek, among other things, compensation for alleged personal injury, breach of contract and/or property damages, punitive damages, civil penalties, or other losses, or injunctive or declaratory relief. With respect to all such lawsuits, claims, and proceedings, we record reserves when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. At December 31, 2023, the Company does not believe that any of these proceedings, separately or in aggregate, would be expected to have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

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Related Party Transactions

On April 29, 2022, the Company entered into a $1.0 million promissory note agreement with Corns Enterprises as partial consideration for the purchase of Tri-State Paving. This four-year agreement requires $250,000 principal installment payments on or before the end of each twelve (12) full calendar month period beginning April 29, 2022. Interest payments due shall be calculated on the principal balance remaining and shall be at the stated rate of 3.5% per year. The Company has made $750,000 in principal payments on this note as of December 31, 2023.

Subsequent to the April 29, 2022 acquisition of Tri-State Paving, the Company entered into an operating lease for facilities in Hurricane, West Virginia with Corns Enterprises. This thirty-six-month lease is treated as a right to use asset and has payments of $7,000 per month. The total net present value at inception was $236,000 with a carrying value of $106,000 at December 31, 2023.

SQP made an equity investment of $156,000 in 1030 Quarrier Development, LLC (“Development”) in August 2022. Development is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) that is 75% owned by 1030 Quarrier Ventures, LLC (“Ventures”) and 25% owned by SQP. SQP is not the primary beneficiary of the VIE and therefore will not consolidate Development into its consolidated financial statements. Instead, SQP will apply the equity method of accounting for its investment in Development. Development, a 1% owner, and United Bank, a 99% owner, formed 1030 Quarrier Landlord, LLC (“Landlord”). Landlord decided to pursue the following development project (the “Project”): a historical building at 1030 Quarrier Street, Charleston, West Virginia as well as associated land (the “Property”) was purchased to be developed/rehabilitated into a commercial project including apartments and commercial space. Upon the completion of development, the Property will be used to generate rental income. SQP has been awarded the construction contract for the Project. United Bank provided $5.0 million in loans to fund the Project. SQP and Ventures have jointly provided an unconditional guarantee for the $5.0 million of obligations associated with the Project.

Other than mentioned above, there were no new material related party transactions entered into during the three months ended December 31, 2023.

Certain Energy Services subsidiaries routinely engage in transactions in the normal course of business with each other, including sharing employee benefit plan coverage, payment for insurance and other expenses on behalf of other affiliates, and other services incidental to business of each of the affiliates. All revenue and related expense transactions, as well as the related accounts payable and accounts receivable have been eliminated in consolidation.

Inflation

Most significant project materials, such as pipe or electrical wire, are provided by the Company’s customers. When possible, the Company attempts to lock in pricing with vendors and include qualifications regarding material costs increases in bids. Where allowed by contract, the Company will address fuel cost increases with customers. Significant inflation or supply chain issues could cause customers to delay or cancel planned projects; however, inflation did not have a significant effect on our results for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The discussion and analysis of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations are based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities known to exist at the date of the consolidated financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We evaluate our estimates on an ongoing basis, based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. There can be no assurance that actual results will not differ from those estimates. Management believes the following accounting policies affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.

Revenues

The Company recognizes revenue as performance obligations are satisfied and control of the promised goods and service is transferred to the customer. For Lump Sum and Unit Price contracts, revenue is ordinarily recognized over time as control is transferred to the customers by measuring the progress toward complete satisfaction of the performance obligation(s) using an input (i.e., “cost to

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cost”) method. For Cost Plus and Time and Material (“T&M”) contracts, revenue is ordinarily recognized over time as control is transferred to the customers by measuring the progress toward satisfaction of the performance obligation(s) using an output method. The Company also does certain T&M service work that is generally completed in a short duration and is recognized at a point in time.

The accuracy of our revenue and profit recognition in a given period depends on the accuracy of our estimates of the cost to complete each project. We believe our experience allows us to create materially reliable estimates. There are a number of factors that can contribute to changes in estimates of contract cost and profitability.

The most significant of these include:

● the completeness and accuracy of the original bid;

● costs associated with scope changes;

● changes in costs of labor and/or materials;

● extended overhead and other costs due to owner, weather and other delays;

● subcontractor performance issues;

● changes in productivity expectations;

● site conditions that differ from those assumed in the original bid;

● changes from original design on design-build projects;

● the availability and skill level of workers in the geographic location of the project;

● a change in the availability and proximity of equipment and materials;

● our ability to fully and promptly recover on affirmative claims and back charges for additional contract costs; and

● the customer’s ability to properly administer the contract.

The foregoing factors, as well as the stage of completion of contracts in process and the mix of contracts at different margins may cause fluctuations in gross profit from period to period. Significant changes in cost estimates, particularly in our larger, more complex projects could have a significant effect on our profitability.

Our contract assets include cost and estimated earnings in excess of billings that represent amounts earned and reimbursable under contracts, including claim recovery estimates, but have a conditional right for billing and payment such as achievement of milestones or completion of the project. With the exception of customer affirmative claims, generally, such unbilled amounts will become billable according to the contract terms and generally will be billed and collected over the next three months. Settlement with the customer of outstanding affirmative claims is dependent on the claims resolution process and could extend beyond one year. Based on our historical experience, we generally consider the collection risk related to billable amounts to be low. When events or conditions indicate that it is probable that the amounts outstanding become unbillable, the transaction price and associated contract asset is reduced.

Our contract liabilities consist of provisions for losses and billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings. Provisions for losses are recognized in the consolidated statements of income at the uncompleted performance obligation level for the amount of total estimated losses in the period that evidence indicates that the estimated total cost of a performance obligation exceeds its estimated total revenue. Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings are billings to customers on contracts in advance of work performed, including advance payments negotiated as a contract condition. Generally, unearned project-related costs will be earned over the next twelve months.

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The following table presents our costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings and billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023:

	December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
Costs incurred on contracts in progress	$	369,542,545	$	287,347,650
Estimated earnings, net of estimated losses		47,271,768		38,976,895
		416,814,313		326,324,545
Less billings to date		412,682,435		328,112,326
	$	4,131,878	$	(1,787,781)
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billed on uncompleted contracts	$	21,795,592	$	15,955,220
Less billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts		17,663,714		17,743,001
	$	4,131,878	$	(1,787,781)

Allowance for doubtful accounts

The Company provides an allowance for doubtful accounts when collection of an account is considered doubtful. Inherent in the assessment of the allowance for doubtful accounts are certain judgments and estimates relating to, among others, our customers’ access to capital, our customers’ willingness or ability to pay, general economic conditions and the ongoing relationship with the customers. While most of our customers are large well capitalized companies, should they experience material changes in their revenues and cash flows or incur other difficulties and not be able to pay the amounts owed, this could cause reduced cash flows and losses in excess of our current reserves.

Materially incorrect estimates of bad debt reserves could result in an unexpected loss in profitability for the Company. Additionally, frequently changing reserves could be an indication of risky or unreliable customers. At December 31, 2022, the management review deemed that the allowance for doubtful accounts was adequate.

Please see the allowance for doubtful accounts table below:

	December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
Balance at beginning of period	$	51,063	$	51,063
Charged to expense		—		—
Deductions for uncollectible receivables written off, net of recoveries		—		—
Balance at end of period	$	51,063	$	51,063

Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets

The Company follows the guidance of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 350-20-35-3 “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350)” which requires a company to record an impairment charge based on the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount of goodwill over its fair value. Under the current guidance, companies can first choose to assess any impairment based on qualitative factors (Step 0). If a company fails this test or decides to bypass this step, it must proceed with a quantitative assessment of goodwill impairment. The Company did not have a goodwill impairment at December 31, 2023.

Materially incorrect estimates could cause an impairment of goodwill or intangible assets and result in a loss in profitability for the Company.

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A table of the Company’s intangible assets subject to amortization is below:

								Amortization		Amortization
				Accumulated		Accumulated		and Impairment		and Impairment
	Remaining Life			Amortization and		Amortization and		Three Months		Three Months
	(in months) at			Impairment at		Impairment at		Ended December 31,		Ended December 31,		Net Book Value		Net Book Value
Intangible assets:	December 31, 2023	Original Cost		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023		2023		2022		at December 31, 2023		at September 30, 2023
West Virginia Pipeline:
Customer Relationships	84	$	2,209,724		662,903	$	607,661		55,242		55,242	$	1,546,821	$	1,602,063
Tradename	84		263,584		79,091		72,500		6,591		6,595		184,493		191,084
Non-competes	—		83,203		83,203		83,203		—		10,397		—		—
Revolt Energy:
Employment agreement/non-compete	—		100,000		100,000		100,000		—		4,167		—		—
Tri-State Paving:
Customer Relationships	100		1,649,159		274,860		233,631		41,229		41,280		1,374,299		1,415,528
Tradename	100		203,213		33,869		28,789		5,080		5,082		169,344		174,424
Non-competes	—		39,960		39,960		39,960		—		10,017		—		—
Total intangible assets		$	4,548,843	$	1,273,886	$	1,165,744	$	108,142	$	132,780	$	3,274,957	$	3,383,099

Depreciation and Amortization

The purpose of depreciation and amortization is to represent an accurate value of assets on the books. Every year, as assets are used, their values are reduced on the balance sheet and expensed on the income statement. As depreciation and amortization are a noncash expense, the amount must be estimated. Each year a certain amount of depreciation and amortization is written off and the book value of the asset is reduced.

Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Costs which extend the useful lives or increase the productivity of the assets are capitalized, while normal repairs and maintenance that do not extend the useful life or increase productivity of the asset are expensed as incurred. Property and equipment are depreciated principally on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets: buildings 39 years; operating equipment and vehicles 5-7 years; and office equipment, furniture and fixtures 5-7 years.

Acquired intangible assets subject to amortization are amortized on a straight-line basis, which approximates the pattern in which the economic benefit of the respective intangible assets is realized, over their respective estimated useful lives. The definite-lived identifiable intangible assets recognized as part of the Company’s business combinations are initially recorded at their estimated fair value.

The Company’s depreciation expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $2.1 million and $1.8 million, respectively. In general, depreciation is included in “cost of revenues” on the Company’s consolidated statements of income.

The Company’s amortization expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were $108,142 and $132,780, respectively. In general, amortization is included in “cost of revenues” on the Company’s consolidated statements of income.

Materially incorrect estimates of depreciation and amortization and/or the useful lives of assets could significantly impact the value of long-lived assets on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. A material overvaluation could result in impairment charges and reduced profitability for the Company.

Income Taxes

The Company’s income tax expenses and deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect management’s best estimate of current and future taxes to be paid. Significant judgments and estimates are required in the determination of the consolidated income tax expense. The Company’s provision for income taxes is computed by applying a federal rate of 21.0% and a state rate of 6.0% to taxable income or loss after consideration of non-taxable and non-deductible items.

The income tax expense for the three months ended December 31, 2023 was $1.1 million as compared to an income tax benefit of ($80,000) for the three months ended December 31, 2022. The increase was due to an increase in taxable income for the three months ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022.

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The effective income tax rate for the three months ended December 31, 2023, was 34.1%, as compared to (135.5) % for the same period in 2022. Effective income tax rates are estimates and may vary from period to period due to changes in the amount of taxable income and non-deductible expenses.

Accounting for PPP Loans

The Company’s accounting for PPP loans reflects management’s best estimate of current and future amounts to be paid. The Company applies significant judgment regarding the determination of PPP loan forgiveness based on the rules established, and subsequently clarified by the SBA, including rules related to the Company’s affiliations and meeting SBA size standards.

Refer to Note 3 “Accounting for PPP Loans” in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional details.

New Accounting Pronouncements

On October 28, 2021, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) released Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers. The amendments of this ASU require entities to apply Topic 606 to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities in a business combination. The amendments improve comparability after the business combination by providing consistent recognition and measurement guidance for revenue contracts with customers acquired in a business combination and revenue contracts with customers not acquired in a business combination. The amendments are effective for public business entities for the fiscal years, including interim periods within those the fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2022. For all other entities they are effective for the fiscal years, including interim periods within those the fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2023. Entities should apply the amendments prospectively to business combinations that occur after the effective date. Early adoption is permitted, including in any interim period, for public business entities for periods for which financial statements have not yet been issued, and for all other entities for periods for which financial statements have not yet been made available for issuance. The Company is currently assessing the effect that ASU 2021-08 will have on their results of operations, financial position and cash flows; however, the Company does not expect a significant impact.

The FASB recently issued ASU 2021-10, Government Assistance (Topic 832): Disclosures by Business Entities about Government Assistance, which aims to provide increased transparency by requiring business entities to disclose information about certain types of government assistance they receive in the notes to the financial statements. Entities are required to provide the new disclosures prospectively for all transactions with a government entity that are accounted for under either a grant or a contribution accounting model and are reflected in the financial statements at the date of initially applying the new amendments, and to new transactions entered into after that date. Retrospective application of the guidance is permitted.The Company adopted ASU 2021-10 on October 1, 2022, and its adoption did not have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Subsequent Events

On November 15, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors approved an annual dividend of $0.06 per common share. The 2024 dividend was paid on January 2, 2024 to holders of record as of December 15, 2023. While this is expected to be an annual dividend, factors such as income from operations, cash flows, and overall financial outlook may affect future dividend payments.

Management has evaluated all subsequent events for accounting and disclosure. There have been no other material events during the period, other than noted above, that would either impact the results reflected in the report or the Company’s results going forward.

Outlook

The following statements are based on current expectations. These statements are forward looking, and actual results may differ materially.

The Company is seeing a significant increase in bid opportunities for natural gas transmission and distribution projects along with electrical, mechanical, and general construction projects. The Company’s backlog at December 31, 2023, was $185.9 million, as compared to $206.9 million and $229.8 million at December 31, 2022, and September 30, 2023, respectively. While adding additional projects appears likely, no assurances can be given that the Company will be successful in bidding on projects that become available. Moreover, even if the Company obtains contracts, there can be no guarantee that the projects will go forward.

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ITEM 3. Quantitative and Quantitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Not required for a smaller reporting company.

ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that Energy Services of America Corporation files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, is (1) recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and (2) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

There has been no change in Energy Services of America Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting during Energy Services of America Corporation’s first quarter of fiscal year 2024 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, Energy Services of America Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II

OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings

In February 2018, the Company filed a lawsuit against a former customer in the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania. The lawsuit is related to a dispute over work performed on a pipeline construction project. On November 21, 2022, a Judgment Order was issued, and the Company was awarded $13.1 million, of which $5.8 million was the jury award, $1.6 million was for attorney’s fees, and $5.7 million was for penalties and interest. The amounts awarded by the Judgment Order have not been recognized in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2023. The Company’s attorney’s fees have been expensed as incurred. The case has been appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit and is expected to be heard within the next 12 months.

On November 12, 2021, the Company received a withdrawal liability claim from a pension plan to which the Company made pension contributions for union construction employees performing covered work in a particular jurisdiction. The Company has not performed covered work in their jurisdiction since 2011; however, the Company disagrees with the withdrawal claim and believes it is covered by an exemption under federal law. The demand called for thirty-four quarterly installment payments of $41,000 starting December 15, 2021. The Company must comply with the demand under federal pension law; however, the Company firmly believes no withdrawal liability exists. The Company is in negotiations with the pension fund to resolve the matter and all future payments have been suspended as part of the negotiation. The Company has expensed all $164,000 in payments made through September 30, 2022 and does not expect any future liabilities related to this claim. The Company did not make any payments during the three months ended December 31, 2023.

Other than described above, at December 31, 2023, the Company was not involved in any legal proceedings other than in the ordinary course of business. The Company is a party from time to time to various lawsuits, claims and other legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. These actions typically seek, among other things, compensation for alleged personal injury, breach of contract and/or property damages, punitive damages, civil penalties, or other losses, or injunctive or declaratory relief. With respect to all such lawsuits, claims, and proceedings, we record reserves when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. At December 31, 2023, the Company does not believe that any of these proceedings, separately or in aggregate, would be expected to have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

ITEM 1A. Risk Factors

Please see the information disclosed in the “Risk Factors” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 16, 2024. There have been no material changes to the risk factors since the filing of the Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

(a) There have been no unregistered sales of equity securities during the period covered by the report.

(b) None.

(c) On July 6, 2022, the Company announced a share repurchase program (“Program”), pursuant to which the Company may, from time to time, purchase shares of its common stock for an aggregate repurchase not to exceed 1,000,000 shares, which is approximately 6.0% of its outstanding common stock. The Program has no expiration date. There were no repurchases of Energy Services of America Corporation’s shares of its common stock during the three months ended December 31, 2023.

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ITEM 6. Exhibits

31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32	Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Company has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

ENERGY SERVICES OF AMERICA CORPORATION

Date: February 12, 2024	By:	/s/ Douglas V. Reynolds
		Douglas V. Reynolds
		Chief Executive Officer
Date: February 12, 2024	By:	/s/ Charles P. Crimmel
		Charles P. Crimmel
		Chief Financial Officer

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EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Douglas V. Reynolds, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Energy Services of America Corporation;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: February 12, 2024	/s/ Douglas V. Reynolds
	Douglas V. Reynolds
	Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer

Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Charles P. Crimmel, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Energy Services of America Corporation;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: February 12, 2024	/s/ Charles P. Crimmel
	Charles P. Crimmel
	Chief Financial Officer

EX-32

Exhibit 32

Certification pursuant to

18 U.S.C. Section 1350,

as adopted pursuant tos

Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Douglas V. Reynolds, Chief Executive Officer and Charles P. Crimmel, Chief Financial Officer of Energy Services of America Corporation (the “Company”) each certify in their capacity as officers of the Company that they have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2023, and that to the best of their knowledge:

1. the report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2. the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: February 12, 2024	/s/ Douglas V. Reynolds
	Douglas V. Reynolds
	Chief Executive Officer

Date: February 12, 2024	/s/ Charles P. Crimmel
	Charles P. Crimmel
	Chief Financial Officer

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Feb. 09, 2024
Document and Entity Information
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Entity File Number	000-00000
Document Transition Report	false
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2023
Entity Registrant Name	Energy Services of America Corporation
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	20-4606266
Entity Address, Address Line One	75 West 3rd Ave.
Entity Address, City or Town	Huntington
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	25701
Entity Address, State or Province	WV
City Area Code	304
Local Phone Number	522-3868
Title of 12(g) Security	Common Stock, Par Value $0.0001
Trading Symbol	ESOA
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		16,610,848
Entity Central Index Key	0001357971
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--09-30
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 11,255,020	$ 16,431,572
Accounts receivable-trade	43,217,068	51,219,958
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(51,063)	(51,063)
Retainages receivable	9,691,713	7,589,749
Other receivables	1,221,330	516,968
Contract assets	21,795,592	15,955,220
Prepaid expenses and other	2,687,286	3,520,178
Total current assets	89,816,946	95,182,582
Property, plant and equipment, at cost	85,900,210	84,329,349
less accumulated depreciation	(49,618,944)	(47,799,840)
Total fixed assets	36,281,266	36,529,509
Right-of-use assets-operating lease	2,917,341	3,326,405
Intangible assets, net	3,274,957	3,383,099
Goodwill	4,087,554	4,087,554
Total assets	136,378,064	142,509,149
Current liabilities
Current maturities of long-term debt	6,726,605	6,107,277
Lines of credit and short term borrowings	14,909,464	19,847,470
Current maturities of operating lease liabilities	1,229,348	1,075,815
Accounts payable	22,262,695	22,026,639
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	11,575,093	13,103,944
Contract liabilities	17,663,714	17,743,001
Total current liabilities	74,366,919	79,904,146
Long-term debt, less current maturities	17,030,429	18,870,529
Long-term operating lease liabilities, less current maturities	1,691,185	2,274,975
Deferred tax liability	7,652,378	6,870,510
Total liabilities	100,740,911	107,920,160
Shareholders' equity
Common stock, $.0001 par value Authorized 50,000,000 shares, 17,885,615 issued and 16,567,185 outstanding at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023	1,789	1,789
Treasury stock, 1,318,430 shares at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023	(132)	(132)
Additional paid in capital	60,288,745	60,288,745
Retained deficit	(24,653,249)	(25,701,413)
Total shareholders' equity	35,637,153	34,588,989
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$ 136,378,064	$ 142,509,149

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parentheticals) - $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized	50,000,000	50,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	17,885,615	17,885,615
Common stock, shares outstanding	16,567,185	16,567,185
Treasury stock, shares	1,318,430	1,318,430

XML

Consolidated Statements of Income - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Consolidated Statements of Income
Revenue	$ 90,163,187	$ 60,042,585
Cost of revenues	79,324,226	54,056,323
Gross profit	10,838,961	5,986,262
Selling and administrative expenses	7,198,720	5,316,138
Income from operations	3,640,241	670,124
Other income (expense)
Interest income		72
Other nonoperating income (expense)	75,001	(80,663)
Interest expense	(601,684)	(499,428)
Loss on sale of equipment	(13,328)	(31,343)
Other nonoperating income (expense), Total	(540,011)	(611,362)
Income before income taxes	3,100,230	58,762
Income tax expense (benefit)	1,058,035	(79,612)
Net income	$ 2,042,195	$ 138,374
Weighted average shares outstanding-basic (in shares)	16,567,185	16,667,185
Weighted average shares-diluted (in shares)	16,607,185	16,667,185
Earnings per share-basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.12	$ 0.01
Earnings per share-diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 0.12	$ 0.01

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$ 2,042,195	$ 138,374
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation expense	25,144	25,144
Accreted interest on PPP loans	2,068,479	1,762,322
Loss on sale of equipment	13,328	31,343
Provision for deferred taxes	781,868	(421,878)
Amortization of intangible assets	108,142	132,780
Accreted interest on note payable	23,239	10,599
Decrease in accounts receivable	8,002,890	3,153,393
Increase in retainage receivable	(2,101,964)	(545,772)
Increase in other receivables	(704,362)	(2,833)
(Increase) decrease in contract assets	(5,840,372)	1,711,912
Decrease in prepaid expenses and other	832,892	775,487
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable	214,863	(5,330,386)
Decrease in accrued expenses and other current liabilities	(2,522,882)	(2,451,871)
(Decrease) increase in contract liabilities	(79,287)	2,584,305
Net cash provided by operating activities	2,864,173	1,572,919
Cash flows from investing activities:
Investment in property and equipment	(1,385,883)	(2,348,901)
Proceeds from sales of property and equipment	365,234	92,815
Net cash used in investing activities	(1,020,649)	(2,256,086)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Borrowings on lines of credit and short term debt, net of (repayments)	(4,963,150)	(580,320)
Proceeds from long-term debt		3,100,000
Principal payments on long term debt	(2,056,926)	(1,733,080)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(7,020,076)	786,600
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(5,176,552)	103,433
Cash and cash equivalents beginning of period	16,431,572	7,427,474
Cash and cash equivalents end of period	11,255,020	7,530,907
Supplemental schedule of noncash investing and financing activities:
Purchases of property & equipment under financing agreements	812,915	88,192
Net operating lease right-of-use assets received in exchange for operating lease liabilities	252,259
Common dividends declared but not paid	994,031
Cash paid during the year for:
Interest	$ 574,067	$ 472,960

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Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity - USD ($)	Common Stock	Additional Paid in Capital	Retained Deficit	Treasury Stock	Total
Balance at the beginning at Sep. 30, 2022	$ 1,789	$ 60,508,350	$ (32,269,473)	$ (122)	$ 28,240,544
Balance at the beginning (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022	16,667,185
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Net income			138,374		138,374
Balance at the end at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 1,789	60,508,350	(32,131,099)	(122)	28,378,918
Balance at the end (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022	16,667,185
Balance at the beginning at Sep. 30, 2023	$ 1,789	60,288,745	(25,701,413)	(132)	34,588,989
Balance at the beginning (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023	16,567,185
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Net income			2,042,195		2,042,195
Dividends on common stock ($0.06 per share on 16,567,185 shares)			(994,031)		(994,031)
Balance at the end at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 1,789	$ 60,288,745	$ (24,653,249)	$ (132)	$ 35,637,153
Balance at the end (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023	16,567,185

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Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity (Parentheticals)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 $ / shares shares
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity
Dividends on common stock (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 0.06
Number of common shares | shares	16,567,185

XML

BUSINESS AND ORGANIZATION

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

BUSINESS AND ORGANIZATION

BUSINESS AND ORGANIZATION

1.  BUSINESS AND ORGANIZATION

Energy Services of America Corporation (“Energy Services” or the “Company”), formed in 2006, is a contractor and service company that operates primarily in the mid-Atlantic and central regions of the United States and provides services to customers in the natural gas, petroleum, water distribution, automotive, chemical, and power industries. For the gas industry, the Company is primarily engaged in the construction, replacement and repair of natural gas pipelines and storage facilities for utility companies and private natural gas companies. Energy Services is involved in the construction of both interstate and intrastate pipelines, with an emphasis on the latter. For the oil industry, the Company provides a variety of services relating to pipeline, storage facilities and plant work. For the power, chemical, and automotive industries, the Company provides a full range of electrical and mechanical installations and repairs including substation and switchyard services, site preparation, equipment setting, pipe fabrication and installation, packaged buildings, transformers, and other ancillary work with regards thereto. Energy Services’ other pipeline services include corrosion protection services, horizontal drilling services, liquid pipeline construction, pump station construction, production facility construction, water and sewer pipeline installations, various maintenance and repair services and other services related to pipeline construction. The Company has also added the ability to install broadband and solar electric systems and perform civil and general contracting services.

C.J. Hughes Construction Company, Inc. (“C.J. Hughes”), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, is a general contractor primarily engaged in pipeline construction for utility companies. Contractors Rental Corporation (“Contractors Rental”), a wholly owned subsidiary of C.J. Hughes, provides union building trade employees for projects managed by C.J. Hughes.

Nitro Construction Services, Inc. (“NCS”), a wholly owned subsidiary of C.J. Hughes, provides electrical, mechanical, HVAC/R, and fire protection services to customers primarily in the automotive, chemical, and power industries. Revolt Energy, LLC (“Revolt”), a wholly owned subsidiary of NCS, performs residential solar installation projects. Nitro Electric Company, LLC (“Nitro Electric”), a wholly owned subsidiary of NCS, performs industrial electrical work and has a satellite office registered in Michigan. Pinnacle Technical Solutions, Inc. (“Pinnacle”), a wholly owned subsidiary of NCS, operates as a data storage facility within Nitro’s office building. Pinnacle is supported by NCS and has no employees of its own. NCS and its subsidiaries will collectively be referred to “Nitro”.

All C.J. Hughes, Nitro, and Contractors Rental construction personnel are union members of various related construction trade unions and are subject to collective bargaining agreements that expire at varying time intervals.

West Virginia Pipeline, Inc. (“West Virginia Pipeline” or “WVP”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Energy Services, operates as a gas and water distribution contractor primarily in southern West Virginia. The employees of West Virginia Pipeline are non-union and are managed independently of the Company’s union subsidiaries.

SQP Construction Group, Inc. (“SQP”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Energy Services, operates as a general contractor primarily in West Virginia. SQP engages in the construction and renovation of buildings and other civil construction projects for state and local government agencies and commercial customers. As a general contractor, SQP manages the overall construction project and subcontracts most of the work. The employees of SQP are non-union and are managed independently of the Company’s union subsidiaries.

Tri-State Paving & Sealcoating, Inc. (“TSP” or “Tri-State Paving”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Energy Services, completed the acquisition of substantially all the assets of Tri-State Paving & Sealcoating, LLC (“Tri-State Paving, LLC”) on April 29, 2022. Tri-State Paving provides utility paving services to water distribution customers in the Charleston, West Virginia, Lexington, Kentucky, and Chattanooga, Tennessee markets. The employees of TSP are non-union and are managed independently of the Company’s union subsidiaries.

Ryan Construction Services Inc. (“Ryan Construction” or “RCS”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Energy Services, formed in August 2022 in connection with the acquisition of substantially all the assets of Ryan Environmental, LLC and Ryan Environmental Transport, LLC (collectively “Ryan Environmental”), provides directional drilling services for broadband service providers along with offering natural gas distribution services, cathodic protection and corrosion prevention services, and civil construction services. Ryan Construction operates primarily in West Virginia and Pennsylvania. The employees of RCS are non-union and are managed independently of the Company’s union subsidiaries.

Interim Financial Statements

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto for the years ended September 30, 2023, and 2022 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on January 16,2024. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) have been omitted pursuant to the interim financial reporting rules and regulations of the SEC. The financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting primarily of normal recurring adjustments) that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position and results of operations. The operating results for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year or any other interim period.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements of Energy Services include the accounts of Energy Services, its wholly owned subsidiaries West Virginia Pipeline, SQP, Ryan Construction, Tri-State Paving and C.J. Hughes and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidation. Unless the context requires otherwise, references to Energy Services include Energy Services, West Virginia Pipeline, SQP, Ryan Construction, Tri-State Paving and C.J. Hughes and its subsidiaries.

Use of Estimates and Assumptions

The preparation of financial statements, in conformity with U.S. GAAP, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of income and loss during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

2.  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Please refer to Note 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of the Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2023, for a more detailed discussion of our significant accounting policies. There were no material changes to these significant accounting policies during the three months ended December 31, 2023.

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ACCOUNTING FOR PPP LOANS

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

ACCOUNTING FOR PPP LOANS

ACCOUNTING FOR PPP LOANS

3. ACCOUNTING FOR PPP LOANS

Due to the economic uncertainties created by COVID-19 and limited operating funds available, the Company applied for loans under the PPP. On April 15, 2020, the Company and its subsidiaries, C.J. Hughes, Contractors Rental and Nitro, entered into separate PPP notes effective April 7, 2020, with its Lender in an aggregate principal amount of $13.1 million pursuant to the PPP Loans. In a special meeting held on April 27, 2020, the Board of Directors of the Company unanimously voted to return $3.3 million of the PPP Loans after discussing the financing needs of the Company and subsidiaries. That left the Company and subsidiaries with $9.8 million in PPP Loans to fund operations. During fiscal year 2021, the Company received notice that the SBA had granted forgiveness of the $9.8 million of PPP Loans and the SBA repaid the Lender in full. The forgiveness was recorded as other income for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2021.

During April 2023, management received notification from the SBA that one of the Company’s forgiveness applications related to the PPP Loans was under review. As part of the review, the SBA requested additional payroll information. Additionally, the SBA requested information regarding the ability of the Company’s affiliates to meet SBA size standards and/or PPP corporate maximum limits. The requested information was subsequently provided to the SBA through the Lender. The Company recognizes that there is a possibility that the SBA could reverse its previous determination on the forgiveness of the PPP Loans. As a result of this uncertainty, the Company restated the previously issued financial statements of the Company that were included in the Reports. The Company has recorded a short-term borrowing due to the SBA inquiry for the full $9.8 million, plus accrued interest for all periods presented.

During July 2023, management received notification from the SBA that two additional forgiveness applications related to the PPP Loans were under review. As part of the review, the SBA requested information regarding the ability of the Company’s affiliates

to meet SBA size standards and/or PPP corporate maximum limits. The requested information was subsequently provided to the SBA through the Lender.

Borrowers must retain PPP documentation for at least six years after the date the loan is forgiven or paid in full, and the SBA and SBA Inspector General must be granted these files upon request. The SBA could revisit its forgiveness decision and determine that the Company does not qualify in whole or in part for loan forgiveness and demand repayment of the loans. In addition, it is unknown what type of penalties could be assessed against the Company if the SBA disagrees with the Company’s certification. Any penalties in addition to the potential repayment of the PPP Loans could negatively impact the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations and prospects.

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REVENUE RECOGNITION

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

REVENUE RECOGNITION

REVENUE RECOGNITION

4.  REVENUE RECOGNITION

Our revenue is primarily derived from construction contracts that can span several quarters. We recognize revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606” or “Topic 606”) which provides for a five-step model for recognizing revenue from contracts with customers as follows:

● Identify the contract

● Identify performance obligations

● Determine the transaction price

● Allocate the transaction price

● Recognize revenue

The accuracy of our revenue and profit recognition in a given period depends on the accuracy of our estimates of the cost to complete each project. We believe our experience allows us to create materially reliable estimates. There are a number of factors that can contribute to changes in estimates of contract cost and profitability. The most significant of these include:

● the completeness and accuracy of the original bid;

● costs associated with scope changes;

● changes in costs of labor and/or materials;

● extended overhead and other costs due to owner, weather and other delays;

● subcontractor performance issues;

● changes in productivity expectations;

● site conditions that differ from those assumed in the original bid;

● changes from original design on design-build projects;

● the availability and skill level of workers in the geographic location of the project;

● a change in the availability and proximity of equipment and materials;

● our ability to fully and promptly recover on affirmative claims and back charges for additional contract costs; and

● the customer’s ability to properly administer the contract.

The foregoing factors, as well as the stage of completion of contracts in process and the mix of contracts at different margins may cause fluctuations in gross profit from period to period. Significant changes in cost estimates, particularly in our larger, more complex projects, could have a significant effect on our profitability.

Our contract assets include cost and estimated earnings in excess of billings that represent amounts earned and reimbursable under contracts, including claim recovery estimates, but have a conditional right for billing and payment such as achievement of milestones or completion of the project. With the exception of customer affirmative claims, generally, such unbilled amounts will become billable according to the contract terms and generally will be billed and collected over the next three months. Settlement with the customer of outstanding affirmative claims is dependent on the claims resolution process and could extend beyond one year. Based on our historical experience, we generally consider the collection risk related to billable amounts to be low. When events or conditions indicate that it is probable that the amounts outstanding become unbillable, the transaction price and associated contract asset is reduced.

Our contract liabilities consist of provisions for losses and billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings. Provisions for losses, if incurred, are recognized in the consolidated statements of income at the uncompleted performance obligation level for the amount of total estimated losses in the period that evidence indicates that the estimated total cost of a performance obligation exceeds

its estimated total revenue. Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings are billings to customers on contracts in advance of work performed, including advance payments negotiated as a contract condition. Generally, unearned project-related costs will be earned over the next twelve months.

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DISAGGREGATION OF REVENUE

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

DISAGGREGATION OF REVENUE

DISAGGREGATION OF REVENUE

5.  DISAGGREGATION OF REVENUE

The Company disaggregates revenue based on the following lines of service: (1) Gas & Water Distribution, (2) Gas & Petroleum Transmission, and (3) Electrical, Mechanical, & General services and construction. Our contract types are: Lump Sum, Unit Price, Cost Plus and Time and Materials (“T&M”). The following tables present our disaggregated revenue for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

	Three Months Ended December 31, 2023
					Electrical,
	Gas & Water		Gas & Petroleum		Mechanical, &		Total revenue
	Distribution		Transmission		General		from contracts
Lump sum contracts	$	—	$	—	$	28,689,030	$	28,689,030
Unit price contracts		17,082,895		27,848,185		2,262,695		47,193,775
Cost plus and T&M contracts		—		715,058		13,565,324		14,280,382
Total revenue from contracts	$	17,082,895	$	28,563,243	$	44,517,049	$	90,163,187
Earned over time	$	4,372,583	$	27,848,185	$	30,227,914	$	62,448,682
Earned at point in time		12,710,312		715,058		14,289,135		27,714,505
Total revenue from contracts	$	17,082,895	$	28,563,243	$	44,517,049	$	90,163,187

	Three Months Ended December 31, 2022
					Electrical,
	Gas &Water		Gas & Petroleum		Mechanical, &		Total revenue
	Distribution		Transmission		General		from contracts
Lump sum contracts	$	—	$	—	$	17,186,157	$	17,186,157
Unit price contracts		12,389,558		16,840,150		1,537,438		30,767,146
Cost plus and T&M contracts		—		—		12,089,282		12,089,282
Total revenue from contracts	$	12,389,558	$	16,840,150	$	30,812,877	$	60,042,585
Earned over time	$	4,878,647	$	16,840,150	$	29,890,148	$	51,608,945
Earned at point in time		7,510,911		—		922,729		8,433,640
Total revenue from contracts	$	12,389,558	$	16,840,150	$	30,812,877	$	60,042,585

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CONTRACT BALANCES

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

CONTRACT BALANCES

CONTRACT BALANCES

6.  CONTRACT BALANCES

The Company’s accounts receivable consists of amounts that have been billed to customers and collateral is generally not required. Most of the Company’s contracts have monthly billing terms; however, billing terms for some are based on project completion. Payment terms are generally within 30 to 45 days after invoices have been issued. The Company attempts to negotiate two-week billing terms and 15-day payment terms on larger projects. The timing of billings to customers may generate contract assets or contract liabilities.

During the three months ended December 31, 2023, we recognized revenue of $13.5 million that was included in the contract liability balance at September 30, 2023.

Accounts receivable-trade, net of allowance for doubtful accounts, contract assets and contract liabilities consisted of the following:

	December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023		Change
Accounts receivable-trade, net of allowance for doubtful accounts	$	43,166,005	$	51,168,895	$	(8,002,890)
Contract assets
Cost and estimated earnings in excess of billings	$	21,795,592	$	15,955,220	$	5,840,372
Contract liabilities
Billings in excess of cost and estimated earnings	$	17,663,714	$	17,743,001	$	(79,287)

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PERFORMANCE OBLIGATIONS

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

PERFORMANCE OBLIGATIONS

PERFORMANCE OBLIGATIONS

7.  PERFORMANCE OBLIGATIONS

For the three months ended December 31, 2023, there was no significant revenue recognized as a result of changes in contract transaction price related to performance obligations that were satisfied prior to September 30, 2023. Changes in contract transaction price can result from items such as executed or estimated change orders, and unresolved contract modifications and claims.

At December 31, 2023, the Company had $132.2 million in remaining unsatisfied performance obligations, in which revenue is expected to be recognized over the next twelve months.

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UNCOMPLETED CONTRACTS

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

UNCOMPLETED CONTRACTS

UNCOMPLETED CONTRACTS

8.  UNCOMPLETED CONTRACTS

Costs, estimated earnings, and billings on uncompleted contracts as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, are summarized as follows:

	December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
Costs incurred on contracts in progress	$	369,542,545	$	287,347,650
Estimated earnings, net of estimated losses		47,271,768		38,976,895
		416,814,313		326,324,545
Less billings to date		412,682,435		328,112,326
	$	4,131,878	$	(1,787,781)
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billed on uncompleted contracts	$	21,795,592	$	15,955,220
Less billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts		17,663,714		17,743,001
	$	4,131,878	$	(1,787,781)

The Company’s unaudited backlog at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023 was $185.9 million and $229.8 million, respectively.

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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

9.  FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The fair value measurement guidance of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and specifies disclosures about fair value measurements.

Under the FASB’s authoritative guidance on fair value measurements, fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value

measurement guidance of the FASB ASC establishes a three-level hierarchy for fair value measurements based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. The three levels are defined as follows:

Level 1 — Quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities traded in active exchange markets, such as the New York Stock Exchange.

Level 2 — Observable inputs other than Level 1 including quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in less active markets, or other observable inputs that can be corroborated by observable market data. Level 2 also includes derivative contracts whose value is determined using a pricing model with observable market inputs or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs supported by little or no market activity for financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation; also includes observable inputs for nonbinding single dealer quotes not corroborated by observable market data.

A financial instrument’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The carrying amount for borrowings under the Company’s revolving credit facility approximates fair value because of the variable market interest rate charged to the Company for these borrowings. The fair value of the Company’s long term fixed-rate debt was estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis and a yield rate that was estimated based on the borrowing rates currently available to the Company for bank loans with similar terms and maturities. The fair value of the aggregate principal amount of the Company’s fixed-rate debt of $31.9 million at December 31, 2023 was $30.3 million. The fair value of the aggregate principal amount of the Company’s fixed-rate debt of $33.8 million at September 30, 2023 was $32.1 million.

All other current assets and liabilities are carried at net realizable value which approximates fair value because of their short duration to maturity.

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EARNINGS PER SHARE

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

EARNINGS PER SHARE

EARNINGS PER SHARE

10.  EARNINGS PER SHARE

The amounts used to compute the earnings per share for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are summarized below.

	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended
	December 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Net income	$	2,042,195	$	138,374
Weighted average shares outstanding-basic		16,567,185		16,667,185
Weighted average shares outstanding-diluted		16,607,185		16,667,185
Earnings per share available to common shareholders	$	0.12	$	0.01
Earnings per share available to common shareholders-diluted	$	0.12	$	0.01

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INCOME TAXES

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

INCOME TAXES

INCOME TAXES

11.  INCOME TAXES

The components of income taxes are as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Federal
Current	$	214,795	$	266,966
Deferred		602,038		(329,064)
Total		816,833		(62,098)
State
Current		61,370		75,299
Deferred		179,832		(92,813)
Total		241,202		(17,514)
Total income tax expense (benefit)	$	1,058,035	$	(79,612)

The Company’s income tax expense and deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect management’s best estimate of current and future taxes to be paid. Significant judgments and estimates are required in the determination of the consolidated income tax expense. The Company’s provision for income taxes is computed by applying a federal rate of 21.0% and a state rate of 6.0% to taxable income or loss after consideration of non-taxable and non-deductible items.

The effective income tax rate for the three months ended December 31, 2023, was 34.1%, as compared to (135.5)% for the same period in 2022. Effective income tax rates are estimates and may vary from period to period due to changes in the amount of taxable income and non-deductible expenses.

Major items that can affect the effective tax rate include amortization of goodwill and intangible assets and non-deductible amounts for per diem expenses.

The income tax effects of temporary differences giving rise to the deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

	December 31,		September 30,
	2023		2023
Deferred tax liabilities
Property and equipment	$	7,937,214	$	8,141,025
Other		608,562		588,632
Total deferred tax liabilities	$	8,545,776	$	8,729,657
Deferred income tax assets
Accruals & other	$	893,398	$	948,704
Net operating loss carryforward		—		910,443
Total deferred tax assets	$	893,398	$	1,859,147
Total net deferred tax liabilities	$	7,652,378	$	6,870,510

Deferred income taxes arise from temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements, which will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future. A valuation allowance is established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

The Company had $0 and $3.0 million of federal net operating loss carryforwards at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively. The Company had state net operating loss carryforwards at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively that begin to expire in 2025, that were not significant.

The Company does not believe that it has any unrecognized tax benefits included in its consolidated financial statements that require recognition. The Company has not had any settlements in the current period with taxing authorities, nor has it recognized tax

benefits as a result of a lapse of the applicable statute of limitations. The Company recognizes interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits, if applicable, in general and administrative expenses.

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SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT

SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT

12.  SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT

Operating Line of Credit

On July 13, 2022, the Company received a one-year extension on its $15.0 million operating line of credit effective June 28, 2022. The interest rate on the line of credit is the “Wall Street Journal” Prime Rate (the index) with a floor of 4.99%. On January 19, 2023, the Company received an amendment to the agreement which increased the line of credit to $30.0 million with a maturity date of June 28, 2023. On June 1, 2023, the agreement was renewed through June 28, 2024.

The line of credit is limited to a borrowing base calculation as summarized below:

	December 31, 2023			September 30, 2023
Eligible borrowing base	$	15,950,633		$	23,942,868
Borrowed on line of credit		4,700,000			8,712,915
Line of credit balance available	$	11,250,633		$	15,229,953
Interest rate		8.5	%		8.5	%

The modified financial covenants for the quarter ended June 30, 2023, and all subsequent quarters, are below:

● Minimum tangible net worth of $28.0 million,

● Minimum traditional debt service coverage of 1.50x on a rolling twelve- month basis,

● Minimum current ratio of 1.20x,

● Maximum debt to tangible net worth ratio (“TNW”) of 2.75x,

● Each ratio and covenant shall be determined, tested, and measured as of each calendar quarter beginning June 30, 2023,

● The Company shall maintain a ratio of Maximum Senior Funded Debt (“SFD”) to Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (“EBDITA”) equal to or less than 3.5:1. SFD shall mean any funded debt or lease of the Company, other than subordinated debt. The covenant shall be tested quarterly, at the end of each fiscal quarter, with EBITDA based on the preceding four quarters.

The Company’s lender has agreed to omit the effect of the PPP loan restatement from the Company’s covenant compliance calculations while a final decision on PPP loan forgiveness remains in question. Thus, the Company was in compliance with all covenants at December 31, 2023. The Company projects to meet all covenant requirements for the next twelve months.

Insurance Premiums Financed

The Company financed its captive insurance policy premiums on a short-term basis through a financing company for the calendar years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. These insurance policies include workers’ compensation, general liability, automobile, umbrella, and equipment policies. The Company made down payments in January 2023 and 2022 and financed the remaining premium amount over eleven monthly payments. At December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, the remaining balance of the insurance premiums was $0 and $950,000, respectively.

Paycheck Protection Program Loans

Due to the economic uncertainties created by COVID-19 and limited operating funds available, the Company applied for loans under the PPP. On April 15, 2020, the Company and its subsidiaries, C.J. Hughes, Contractors Rental and Nitro, entered into separate PPP notes effective April 7, 2020, with its Lender in an aggregate principal amount of $13.1 million pursuant to the PPP Loans. In a special meeting held on April 27, 2020, the Board of Directors of the Company unanimously voted to return $3.3 million of the PPP Loans after discussing the financing needs of the Company and subsidiaries. That left the Company and subsidiaries with $9.8 million in PPP Loans to fund operations. During fiscal year 2021, the Company received notice that the SBA had granted forgiveness of the $9.8 million of PPP Loans and the SBA repaid the Lender in full. The forgiveness was recorded as other income for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2021.

During April 2023, management received notification from the SBA that one of the Company’s forgiveness applications related to the PPP Loans was under review. As part of the review, the SBA requested additional payroll information. Additionally, the SBA requested information regarding the ability of the Company’s affiliates to meet SBA size standards and/or PPP corporate maximum limits. The requested information was subsequently provided to the SBA through the Lender. The Company recognizes that there is a possibility that the SBA could reverse its previous determination on the forgiveness of the PPP Loans. As a result of this uncertainty, the Company restated the previously audited financial statements of the Company for the fiscal years 2022 and 2021. The Company has recorded a short-term borrowing due to the SBA inquiry for the full $9.8 million, plus accrued interest.

During July 2023, management received notification from the SBA that two additional forgiveness applications related to the PPP Loans were under review. As part of the review, the SBA requested information regarding the ability of the Company’s affiliates to meet SBA size standards and/or PPP corporate maximum limits. The requested information was subsequently provided to the SBA through the Lender.

Borrowers must retain PPP documentation for at least six years after the date the loan is forgiven or paid in full, and the SBA and SBA Inspector General must be granted these files upon request. The SBA could revisit its forgiveness decision and determine that the Company does not qualify in whole or in part for loan forgiveness and demand repayment of the loans. In addition, it is unknown what type of penalties could be assessed against the Company if the SBA disagrees with the Company’s certification. Any penalties in addition to the potential repayment of the PPP Loans could negatively impact the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations and prospects.

A summary of short-term and long-term debt as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023 is as follows:

	December 31,		September 30,
	2023		2023
Line of credit payable to bank, monthly interest with variable rate of 8.5% at December 31, 2023, final payment due by June 28, 2024, guaranteed by certain directors of the Company.	$	4,700,000	$	8,712,915
Note payable to bank, due in monthly installments totaling $202,000, including fixed interest at 7.25%, final payment due June 2028, secured by equipment, guaranteed by certain directors of the Company.		9,155,573		8,487,085
Paycheck Protection Program loans from Small Business Administration, 1.0% simple interest, initially forgiven in the fiscal year ended September 30, 2021. Final forgiveness decision has not been determined.		10,209,464		10,184,320
Term note payable to United Bank, WV Pipeline acquisition, due in monthly installments of $64,853 with fixed interest at 4.25%, final payment due by March 25, 2026, secured by receivables and equipment, guaranteed by certain directors of the Company.		1,671,534		1,790,051
Notes payable to finance companies, due in monthly installments totaling $51,000 at December 31, 2023 and $50,000 at September 30, 2023, including interest ranging from 0.00% to 6.92%, final payments due January 2024 through August 2026, secured by equipment.		1,172,920		1,290,148
Note payable to finance company for insurance premiums financed, due in monthly installments totaling $327,000 in calendar year 2023 and $282,000 in calendar year 2022, including interest rate at 6.70%, final payment due December 2023.		—		950,235
Notes payable to bank, due in monthly installments totaling $7,848, including interest at 4.82%, final payment due November 2034 secured by building and property.		798,448		813,242
Notes payable to bank, due in monthly installments totaling $12,580, including variable interest of 9.5% at December 31, 2023, final payment due November 2025 secured by building and property, guaranteed by certain directors of the Company.		263,836		294,761
Notes payable to bank, due in monthly installments totaling $59,932, including fixed interest at 6.0%, final payment due October 2027 secured by receivables and equipment, guaranteed by certain directors of the Company.		2,460,330		2,601,404
Notes payable to David Bolton and Daniel Bolton, due in annual installments totaling $500,000, including fixed interest at 3.25%, final payment due December 31, 2026, unsecured.		917,500		1,660,000
Notes payable to bank, interest at 4.25% of outstanding balance due in monthly installments between January 2021 and January 2022. Beginning February 2022, note payments due in monthly installments totaling  $68,150, including variable interest of 9.5% at December 31, 2023, with final payment due September 2026, secured by equipment, guaranteed by certain directors of the Company.		1,713,569		1,873,831
Term note payable to United Bank, Tri-State Paving acquisition, due in monthly installments of $129,910, fixed interest at 4.50%, final payment due by June 1, 2027, secured by receivables and equipment, guaranteed by certain directors of the Company.		5,369,062		5,698,761
Notes payable to Corns Enterprises, $1,000,000 with fair value of $936,000, due in annual installments totaling $250,000, including fixed interest at 3.50%, final payment due April 29, 2026, unsecured.		234,262		468,523
Total debt	$	38,666,498	$	44,825,276
Less current maturities		21,636,069		25,954,747
Total long term debt, less current maturities	$	17,030,429	$	18,870,529

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GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

13.  GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The Company follows the guidance of ASC Topic 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other, which requires a company to record an impairment charge based on the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount of goodwill over its fair value. Under the current guidance, companies can first choose to assess any impairment based on qualitative factors (Step 0). If a company fails this test or decides to bypass this step, it must proceed with a quantitative assessment of goodwill impairment. The Company did not have a goodwill impairment at December 31, 2023 or September 30, 2023.

A table of the Company’s goodwill is below:

	December 31,		September 30,
	2023		2023
Beginning balance	$	4,087,554	$	4,087,554
Acquired		—		—
Ending balance	$	4,087,554	$	4,087,554

A table of the Company’s intangible assets subject to amortization is below:

								Amortization		Amortization
				Accumulated		Accumulated		and Impairment		and Impairment
	Remaining Life			Amortization and		Amortization and		Three Months		Three Months
	(in months) at			Impairment at		Impairment at		Ended December 31,		Ended December 31,		Net Book Value		Net Book Value
Intangible assets:	December 31, 2023	Original Cost		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023		2023		2022		at December 31, 2023		at September 30, 2023
West Virginia Pipeline:
Customer Relationships	84	$	2,209,724		662,903	$	607,661		55,242		55,242	$	1,546,821	$	1,602,063
Tradename	84		263,584		79,091		72,500		6,591		6,595		184,493		191,084
Non-competes	—		83,203		83,203		83,203		—		10,397		—		—
Revolt Energy:
Employment agreement/non-compete	—		100,000		100,000		100,000		—		4,167		—		—
Tri-State Paving:
Customer Relationships	100		1,649,159		274,860		233,631		41,229		41,280		1,374,299		1,415,528
Tradename	100		203,213		33,869		28,789		5,080		5,082		169,344		174,424
Non-competes	—		39,960		39,960		39,960		—		10,017		—		—
Total intangible assets		$	4,548,843	$	1,273,886	$	1,165,744	$	108,142	$	132,780	$	3,274,957	$	3,383,099

The amortization on identifiable intangible assets for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $108,142 and $132,780, respectively.

Amortization expense associated with the identifiable intangible assets is expected to be as follows:

	Amortization Expense
January 2024 to December 2024	$	432,564
January 2025 to December 2025		432,564
January 2026 to December 2026		432,564
January 2027 to December 2027		432,564
January 2028 to December 2028		432,564
After		1,112,137
Total	$	3,274,957

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LEASE OBLIGATIONS

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

LEASE OBLIGATIONS

LEASE OBLIGATIONS

14.  LEASE OBLIGATIONS

The Company leases office space for SQP for $1,500 per month. The lease, which was originally signed on March 25, 2021, is for a period of two years with five one-year renewals available immediately following the end of the base term. The Company has only committed to a one-year renewal and is evaluating the intent to renew for additional periods.

The Company has two lease agreements for construction equipment with a combined amount of $160,000. The leases have a term of twenty-two months with a stated interest rate of 0%, combined monthly installment payments of $6,645 and are cancellable at any time without penalty. The Company has the right to purchase the equipment at the expiration of the leases by applying the two-month deposit paid. The related assets and finance lease obligations associated with these lease agreements are included in the consolidated balance sheets within property, plant and equipment and long-term debt.

The Company has two right-of-use operating leases acquired on April 29, 2022, as part of the Tri-State Paving, LLC transaction. The first operating lease, for the Hurricane, West Virginia facility, had a net present value of $236,000 at inception, and a carrying value of $106,000 at December 31, 2023. The second operating lease, for the Chattanooga, Tennessee facility, had a net present value of $144,000 at inception, and a carrying value of $40,000 at December 31, 2023. The 4.5% interest rate on the operating leases is based on the Company’s incremental borrowing rate at inception.

The Company has a right-of-use operating lease with Enterprise Fleet Management, Inc. (Enterprise) acquired on August 11, 2022, as part of the Ryan Environmental acquisition. This lease agreement was initially for thirty-one vehicles with a net present value of $1.2 million. The Company had sixty-nine vehicles on lease at December 31, 2023. The right-of-use operating lease has a carrying value of $2.5 million at December 31, 2023. Each vehicle leased under the master lease program has its own implicit rate ranging from 12.8% to 15.6%.

The Company has a right-of-use operating lease with RICA Developers, LLC acquired on August 12, 2022 and renewed for one year effective October 1, 2023. This lease, for the Bridgeport, West Virginia facility, had a net present value of $125,000 at inception and a carrying value of $83,000 at December 31, 2023. The 8.5% interest rate on the operating lease was based on the Company’s incremental borrowing rate at renewal.

The Company has a right-of-use operating lease acquired on March 28, 2023. This lease, for the Winchester, Kentucky facility, had a net present value of $290,000 at inception and a carrying value of $231,000 at December 31, 2023. The 7.75% interest rate on the operating lease is based on the Company’s incremental borrowing rate at inception.

Schedules related to the Company’s operating leases at December 31, 2023 can be found below:

Operating Lease-Weighted Average Remaining Term

			Present value of
	Years left		remaining liability	Lease end	Fiscal year end
Operating lease 1	1.3	$	106,295	4/30/2025	2025
Operating lease 2	0.4		40,426	5/31/2024	2024
Operating lease 3	4.0		2,459,525	12/31/2027	2027
Operating lease 4	0.8		82,974	9/30/2024	2024
Operating lease 5	2.3		231,313	3/31/2026	2026
		$	2,920,533
Weighted average remaining term			3.6 years

Operating Lease Maturity Schedule
2024	$	1,419,055
2025		1,048,659
2026		711,465
2027		330,132
		3,509,311
Less amounts representing interest		(588,778)
Present value of operating lease liabilities	$	2,920,533

	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended
Operating Lease Expense	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Amortization
Operating lease 1	$	26,705	$	18,841
Operating lease 2		16,605		15,559
Operating lease 3		161,724		68,528
Operating lease 4		41,728		29,612
Operating lease 5		30,858		—
Total amortization		277,620		132,540
Interest
Operating lease 1		1,295		2,160
Operating lease 2		504		1,219
Operating lease 3		68,910		12,570
Operating lease 4		1,472		1,162
Operating lease 5		4,206		—
Total interest		76,387		17,111
Total amortization and interest	$	354,007	$	149,651

	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended
Cash Paid for Operating Leases	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Operating lease 1	$	28,000	$	21,001
Operating lease 2		17,109		16,778
Operating lease 3		230,634		81,098
Operating lease 4		43,200		30,774
Operating lease 5		35,064		—
	$	354,007	$	149,651

The Company rents equipment for use on construction projects with rental agreements being week to week or month to month. Rental expense can vary by reporting period due to equipment requirements on construction projects and the availability of Company owned equipment. Rental expense, which is included in cost of goods sold on the consolidated statements of income, was $5.4 million and $2.7 million, respectively, for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

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SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

15.  SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On November 15, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors approved an annual dividend of $0.06 per common share. The 2024 dividend was paid on January 2, 2024 to holders of record as of December 15, 2023. While this is expected to be an annual dividend, factors such as income from operations, cash flows, and overall financial outlook may affect future dividend payments.

Management has evaluated all subsequent events for accounting and disclosure. There have been no other material events during the period, other than noted above, that would either impact the results reflected in the report or the Company’s results going forward.

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BUSINESS AND ORGANIZATION (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

BUSINESS AND ORGANIZATION

Interim Financial Statements

Interim Financial Statements

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto for the years ended September 30, 2023, and 2022 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on January 16,2024. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) have been omitted pursuant to the interim financial reporting rules and regulations of the SEC. The financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting primarily of normal recurring adjustments) that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position and results of operations. The operating results for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year or any other interim period.

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements of Energy Services include the accounts of Energy Services, its wholly owned subsidiaries West Virginia Pipeline, SQP, Ryan Construction, Tri-State Paving and C.J. Hughes and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidation. Unless the context requires otherwise, references to Energy Services include Energy Services, West Virginia Pipeline, SQP, Ryan Construction, Tri-State Paving and C.J. Hughes and its subsidiaries.

Use of Estimates and Assumptions

Use of Estimates and Assumptions

The preparation of financial statements, in conformity with U.S. GAAP, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of income and loss during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

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DISAGGREGATION OF REVENUE (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

DISAGGREGATION OF REVENUE

Schedule of disaggregation of revenue

	Three Months Ended December 31, 2023
					Electrical,
	Gas & Water		Gas & Petroleum		Mechanical, &		Total revenue
	Distribution		Transmission		General		from contracts
Lump sum contracts	$	—	$	—	$	28,689,030	$	28,689,030
Unit price contracts		17,082,895		27,848,185		2,262,695		47,193,775
Cost plus and T&M contracts		—		715,058		13,565,324		14,280,382
Total revenue from contracts	$	17,082,895	$	28,563,243	$	44,517,049	$	90,163,187
Earned over time	$	4,372,583	$	27,848,185	$	30,227,914	$	62,448,682
Earned at point in time		12,710,312		715,058		14,289,135		27,714,505
Total revenue from contracts	$	17,082,895	$	28,563,243	$	44,517,049	$	90,163,187

	Three Months Ended December 31, 2022
					Electrical,
	Gas &Water		Gas & Petroleum		Mechanical, &		Total revenue
	Distribution		Transmission		General		from contracts
Lump sum contracts	$	—	$	—	$	17,186,157	$	17,186,157
Unit price contracts		12,389,558		16,840,150		1,537,438		30,767,146
Cost plus and T&M contracts		—		—		12,089,282		12,089,282
Total revenue from contracts	$	12,389,558	$	16,840,150	$	30,812,877	$	60,042,585
Earned over time	$	4,878,647	$	16,840,150	$	29,890,148	$	51,608,945
Earned at point in time		7,510,911		—		922,729		8,433,640
Total revenue from contracts	$	12,389,558	$	16,840,150	$	30,812,877	$	60,042,585

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CONTRACT BALANCES (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

CONTRACT BALANCES

Schedule of accounts receivable-trade, net of allowance for doubtful accounts, contract assets and contract liabilities

	December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023		Change
Accounts receivable-trade, net of allowance for doubtful accounts	$	43,166,005	$	51,168,895	$	(8,002,890)
Contract assets
Cost and estimated earnings in excess of billings	$	21,795,592	$	15,955,220	$	5,840,372
Contract liabilities
Billings in excess of cost and estimated earnings	$	17,663,714	$	17,743,001	$	(79,287)

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UNCOMPLETED CONTRACTS (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

UNCOMPLETED CONTRACTS

Schedule of costs, estimated earnings and billings on uncompleted contracts

	December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
Costs incurred on contracts in progress	$	369,542,545	$	287,347,650
Estimated earnings, net of estimated losses		47,271,768		38,976,895
		416,814,313		326,324,545
Less billings to date		412,682,435		328,112,326
	$	4,131,878	$	(1,787,781)
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billed on uncompleted contracts	$	21,795,592	$	15,955,220
Less billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts		17,663,714		17,743,001
	$	4,131,878	$	(1,787,781)

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EARNINGS PER SHARE (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

EARNINGS PER SHARE

Schedule of earnings per share

	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended
	December 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Net income	$	2,042,195	$	138,374
Weighted average shares outstanding-basic		16,567,185		16,667,185
Weighted average shares outstanding-diluted		16,607,185		16,667,185
Earnings per share available to common shareholders	$	0.12	$	0.01
Earnings per share available to common shareholders-diluted	$	0.12	$	0.01

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INCOME TAXES (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

INCOME TAXES

Schedule of components of income taxes

	Three Months Ended
	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Federal
Current	$	214,795	$	266,966
Deferred		602,038		(329,064)
Total		816,833		(62,098)
State
Current		61,370		75,299
Deferred		179,832		(92,813)
Total		241,202		(17,514)
Total income tax expense (benefit)	$	1,058,035	$	(79,612)

Schedule of income tax effects to deferred tax assets and liabilities

	December 31,		September 30,
	2023		2023
Deferred tax liabilities
Property and equipment	$	7,937,214	$	8,141,025
Other		608,562		588,632
Total deferred tax liabilities	$	8,545,776	$	8,729,657
Deferred income tax assets
Accruals & other	$	893,398	$	948,704
Net operating loss carryforward		—		910,443
Total deferred tax assets	$	893,398	$	1,859,147
Total net deferred tax liabilities	$	7,652,378	$	6,870,510

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SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT

Schedule of line of credit is limited to a borrowing base

	December 31, 2023			September 30, 2023
Eligible borrowing base	$	15,950,633		$	23,942,868
Borrowed on line of credit		4,700,000			8,712,915
Line of credit balance available	$	11,250,633		$	15,229,953
Interest rate		8.5	%		8.5	%

Schedule of short-term and long-term debt

	December 31,		September 30,
	2023		2023
Line of credit payable to bank, monthly interest with variable rate of 8.5% at December 31, 2023, final payment due by June 28, 2024, guaranteed by certain directors of the Company.	$	4,700,000	$	8,712,915
Note payable to bank, due in monthly installments totaling $202,000, including fixed interest at 7.25%, final payment due June 2028, secured by equipment, guaranteed by certain directors of the Company.		9,155,573		8,487,085
Paycheck Protection Program loans from Small Business Administration, 1.0% simple interest, initially forgiven in the fiscal year ended September 30, 2021. Final forgiveness decision has not been determined.		10,209,464		10,184,320
Term note payable to United Bank, WV Pipeline acquisition, due in monthly installments of $64,853 with fixed interest at 4.25%, final payment due by March 25, 2026, secured by receivables and equipment, guaranteed by certain directors of the Company.		1,671,534		1,790,051
Notes payable to finance companies, due in monthly installments totaling $51,000 at December 31, 2023 and $50,000 at September 30, 2023, including interest ranging from 0.00% to 6.92%, final payments due January 2024 through August 2026, secured by equipment.		1,172,920		1,290,148
Note payable to finance company for insurance premiums financed, due in monthly installments totaling $327,000 in calendar year 2023 and $282,000 in calendar year 2022, including interest rate at 6.70%, final payment due December 2023.		—		950,235
Notes payable to bank, due in monthly installments totaling $7,848, including interest at 4.82%, final payment due November 2034 secured by building and property.		798,448		813,242
Notes payable to bank, due in monthly installments totaling $12,580, including variable interest of 9.5% at December 31, 2023, final payment due November 2025 secured by building and property, guaranteed by certain directors of the Company.		263,836		294,761
Notes payable to bank, due in monthly installments totaling $59,932, including fixed interest at 6.0%, final payment due October 2027 secured by receivables and equipment, guaranteed by certain directors of the Company.		2,460,330		2,601,404
Notes payable to David Bolton and Daniel Bolton, due in annual installments totaling $500,000, including fixed interest at 3.25%, final payment due December 31, 2026, unsecured.		917,500		1,660,000
Notes payable to bank, interest at 4.25% of outstanding balance due in monthly installments between January 2021 and January 2022. Beginning February 2022, note payments due in monthly installments totaling  $68,150, including variable interest of 9.5% at December 31, 2023, with final payment due September 2026, secured by equipment, guaranteed by certain directors of the Company.		1,713,569		1,873,831
Term note payable to United Bank, Tri-State Paving acquisition, due in monthly installments of $129,910, fixed interest at 4.50%, final payment due by June 1, 2027, secured by receivables and equipment, guaranteed by certain directors of the Company.		5,369,062		5,698,761
Notes payable to Corns Enterprises, $1,000,000 with fair value of $936,000, due in annual installments totaling $250,000, including fixed interest at 3.50%, final payment due April 29, 2026, unsecured.		234,262		468,523
Total debt	$	38,666,498	$	44,825,276
Less current maturities		21,636,069		25,954,747
Total long term debt, less current maturities	$	17,030,429	$	18,870,529

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GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Summary of changes in goodwill

	December 31,		September 30,
	2023		2023
Beginning balance	$	4,087,554	$	4,087,554
Acquired		—		—
Ending balance	$	4,087,554	$	4,087,554

Schedule of intangible assets subject to amortization

								Amortization		Amortization
				Accumulated		Accumulated		and Impairment		and Impairment
	Remaining Life			Amortization and		Amortization and		Three Months		Three Months
	(in months) at			Impairment at		Impairment at		Ended December 31,		Ended December 31,		Net Book Value		Net Book Value
Intangible assets:	December 31, 2023	Original Cost		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023		2023		2022		at December 31, 2023		at September 30, 2023
West Virginia Pipeline:
Customer Relationships	84	$	2,209,724		662,903	$	607,661		55,242		55,242	$	1,546,821	$	1,602,063
Tradename	84		263,584		79,091		72,500		6,591		6,595		184,493		191,084
Non-competes	—		83,203		83,203		83,203		—		10,397		—		—
Revolt Energy:
Employment agreement/non-compete	—		100,000		100,000		100,000		—		4,167		—		—
Tri-State Paving:
Customer Relationships	100		1,649,159		274,860		233,631		41,229		41,280		1,374,299		1,415,528
Tradename	100		203,213		33,869		28,789		5,080		5,082		169,344		174,424
Non-competes	—		39,960		39,960		39,960		—		10,017		—		—
Total intangible assets		$	4,548,843	$	1,273,886	$	1,165,744	$	108,142	$	132,780	$	3,274,957	$	3,383,099

Schedule of amortization on identifiable intangible assets

	Amortization Expense
January 2024 to December 2024	$	432,564
January 2025 to December 2025		432,564
January 2026 to December 2026		432,564
January 2027 to December 2027		432,564
January 2028 to December 2028		432,564
After		1,112,137
Total	$	3,274,957

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LEASE OBLIGATIONS (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

LEASE OBLIGATIONS

Schedule of information about operating leases

			Present value of
	Years left		remaining liability	Lease end	Fiscal year end
Operating lease 1	1.3	$	106,295	4/30/2025	2025
Operating lease 2	0.4		40,426	5/31/2024	2024
Operating lease 3	4.0		2,459,525	12/31/2027	2027
Operating lease 4	0.8		82,974	9/30/2024	2024
Operating lease 5	2.3		231,313	3/31/2026	2026
		$	2,920,533
Weighted average remaining term			3.6 years

	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended
Operating Lease Expense	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Amortization
Operating lease 1	$	26,705	$	18,841
Operating lease 2		16,605		15,559
Operating lease 3		161,724		68,528
Operating lease 4		41,728		29,612
Operating lease 5		30,858		—
Total amortization		277,620		132,540
Interest
Operating lease 1		1,295		2,160
Operating lease 2		504		1,219
Operating lease 3		68,910		12,570
Operating lease 4		1,472		1,162
Operating lease 5		4,206		—
Total interest		76,387		17,111
Total amortization and interest	$	354,007	$	149,651

	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended
Cash Paid for Operating Leases	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Operating lease 1	$	28,000	$	21,001
Operating lease 2		17,109		16,778
Operating lease 3		230,634		81,098
Operating lease 4		43,200		30,774
Operating lease 5		35,064		—
	$	354,007	$	149,651

Schedule of operating lease maturity schedule

Operating Lease Maturity Schedule
2024	$	1,419,055
2025		1,048,659
2026		711,465
2027		330,132
		3,509,311
Less amounts representing interest		(588,778)
Present value of operating lease liabilities	$	2,920,533

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ACCOUNTING FOR PPP LOANS (Details) - PPP Loans - USD ($) $ in Millions		1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Apr. 27, 2020	Apr. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2021	Apr. 07, 2020
ACCOUNTING FOR PPP LOANS
Lender aggregate principal amount				$ 13.1
Unanimously voted to return loans	$ 3.3
Amount of PPP loans to fund operations	$ 9.8
PPP loans received			$ 9.8
Short-term borrowings due to accrued interest		$ 9.8

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DISAGGREGATION OF REVENUE (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
DISAGGREGATION OF REVENUE
Operating revenue	$ 90,163,187	$ 60,042,585
Earned over time
DISAGGREGATION OF REVENUE
Operating revenue	62,448,682	51,608,945
Earned at point in time
DISAGGREGATION OF REVENUE
Operating revenue	27,714,505	8,433,640
Lump sum contracts
DISAGGREGATION OF REVENUE
Operating revenue	28,689,030	17,186,157
Unit price contracts
DISAGGREGATION OF REVENUE
Operating revenue	47,193,775	30,767,146
Cost plus and T&M contracts
DISAGGREGATION OF REVENUE
Operating revenue	14,280,382	12,089,282
Gas & Water Distribution
DISAGGREGATION OF REVENUE
Operating revenue	17,082,895	12,389,558
Gas & Water Distribution | Earned over time
DISAGGREGATION OF REVENUE
Operating revenue	4,372,583	4,878,647
Gas & Water Distribution | Earned at point in time
DISAGGREGATION OF REVENUE
Operating revenue	12,710,312	7,510,911
Gas & Water Distribution | Lump sum contracts
DISAGGREGATION OF REVENUE
Operating revenue	0	0
Gas & Water Distribution | Unit price contracts
DISAGGREGATION OF REVENUE
Operating revenue	17,082,895	12,389,558
Gas & Water Distribution | Cost plus and T&M contracts
DISAGGREGATION OF REVENUE
Operating revenue	0	0
Gas & Petroleum Transmission
DISAGGREGATION OF REVENUE
Operating revenue	28,563,243	16,840,150
Gas & Petroleum Transmission | Earned over time
DISAGGREGATION OF REVENUE
Operating revenue	27,848,185	16,840,150
Gas & Petroleum Transmission | Earned at point in time
DISAGGREGATION OF REVENUE
Operating revenue	715,058	0
Gas & Petroleum Transmission | Lump sum contracts
DISAGGREGATION OF REVENUE
Operating revenue	0	0
Gas & Petroleum Transmission | Unit price contracts
DISAGGREGATION OF REVENUE
Operating revenue	27,848,185	16,840,150
Gas & Petroleum Transmission | Cost plus and T&M contracts
DISAGGREGATION OF REVENUE
Operating revenue	715,058	0
Electrical, Mechanical, and General
DISAGGREGATION OF REVENUE
Operating revenue	44,517,049	30,812,877
Electrical, Mechanical, and General | Earned over time
DISAGGREGATION OF REVENUE
Operating revenue	30,227,914	29,890,148
Electrical, Mechanical, and General | Earned at point in time
DISAGGREGATION OF REVENUE
Operating revenue	14,289,135	922,729
Electrical, Mechanical, and General | Lump sum contracts
DISAGGREGATION OF REVENUE
Operating revenue	28,689,030	17,186,157
Electrical, Mechanical, and General | Unit price contracts
DISAGGREGATION OF REVENUE
Operating revenue	2,262,695	1,537,438
Electrical, Mechanical, and General | Cost plus and T&M contracts
DISAGGREGATION OF REVENUE
Operating revenue	$ 13,565,324	$ 12,089,282

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CONTRACT BALANCES - Accounts receivable-trade, net of allowance for doubtful accounts (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023
CONTRACT BALANCES
Accounts receivable-trade, net of allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 43,166,005		$ 51,168,895
Change in accounts receivable-trade, net of allowance for doubtful accounts	(8,002,890)	$ (3,153,393)
Contract assets
Cost and estimated earnings in excess of billings	21,795,592		15,955,220
Change in cost and estimated earnings in excess of billings	5,840,372	(1,711,912)
Contract liabilities
Billings in excess of cost and estimated earnings	17,663,714		$ 17,743,001
Change in billings in excess of cost and estimated earnings	$ (79,287)	$ 2,584,305

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CONTRACT BALANCES - Additional information (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
CONTRACT BALANCES
Recognized revenue included in contract liability	$ 13.5
Minimum
CONTRACT BALANCES
Billing and payment term	30 days
Maximum
CONTRACT BALANCES
Billing and payment term	45 days

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PERFORMANCE OBLIGATIONS (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
PERFORMANCE OBLIGATIONS
Recognized revenue	$ 0
Amount of remaining unsatisfied performance obligations	$ 132,200,000

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UNCOMPLETED CONTRACTS - Summary of costs, estimated earnings, and billings on uncompleted contracts (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
UNCOMPLETED CONTRACTS
Costs incurred on contracts in progress	$ 369,542,545	$ 287,347,650
Estimated earnings, net of estimated losses	47,271,768	38,976,895
Costs of uncompleted contracts including net estimated earnings	416,814,313	326,324,545
Less billings to date	412,682,435	328,112,326
Unbilled contracts	4,131,878	(1,787,781)
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billed on uncompleted contracts	21,795,592	15,955,220
Billings in excess of cost and estimated earnings	17,663,714	17,743,001
Unbilled contracts receivable	$ 4,131,878	$ 1,787,781

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UNCOMPLETED CONTRACTS - Backlog (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
UNCOMPLETED CONTRACTS
Backlog	$ 185.9	$ 229.8

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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Aggregate principal amount of fixed-rate debt	$ 31.9	$ 33.8
Fair value of debt	$ 30.3	$ 32.1

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EARNINGS PER SHARE (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
EARNINGS PER SHARE
Net income	$ 2,042,195	$ 138,374
Weighted average shares outstanding-basic	16,567,185	16,667,185
Weighted average shares outstanding-diluted	16,607,185	16,667,185
Earnings per share available to common shareholders	$ 0.12	$ 0.01
Earnings per share available to common shareholders-diluted	$ 0.12	$ 0.01

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INCOME TAXES - Components of income taxes (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Federal
Current	$ 214,795	$ 266,966
Deferred	602,038	(329,064)
Total	816,833	(62,098)
State
Current	61,370	75,299
Deferred	179,832	(92,813)
Total	241,202	(17,514)
Total income tax expense (benefit)	$ 1,058,035	$ (79,612)

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INCOME TAXES - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023
INCOME TAXES
Federal rate	21.00%
State rate	6.00%
Effective tax rate	34.10%	(135.50%)
Federal
INCOME TAXES
Net operating loss carryforwards	$ 0.0		$ 3.0

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INCOME TAXES - Summary of income tax effects of temporary differences giving rise to the deferred tax assets and liabilities (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Deferred tax liabilities
Property and equipment	$ 7,937,214	$ 8,141,025
Other	608,562	588,632
Total deferred tax liabilities	8,545,776	8,729,657
Deferred income tax assets
Accruals & other	893,398	948,704
Net operating loss carryforward		910,443
Total deferred tax assets	893,398	1,859,147
Total net deferred tax liabilities	$ 7,652,378	$ 6,870,510

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SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT - Operating line of credit (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT
Eligible borrowing base	$ 15,950,633	$ 23,942,868
Borrowed on line of credit	4,700,000	8,712,915
Line of credit balance available	$ 11,250,633	$ 15,229,953
Interest rate	8.50%	8.50%

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SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT - Summary of short-term and long-term debt (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT
Total debt	$ 38,666,498	$ 44,825,276
Less current maturities	21,636,069	25,954,747
Total long term debt	17,030,429	18,870,529
Line of credit payable to bank, final payment due by June 28, 2024
SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT
Total debt	4,700,000	8,712,915
Note payable to bank, final payment due June 2028
SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT
Total debt	9,155,573	8,487,085
Paycheck Protection Program loans from Small Business Administration, 1.0% simple interest, initially forgiven in the fiscal year ended September 30, 2021. Final forgiveness decision has not been determined.
SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT
Total debt	10,209,464	10,184,320
Term note payable to United Bank, WV Pipeline acquisition, final payment due by March 25, 2026
SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT
Total debt	1,671,534	1,790,051
Note payable to finance companies due January 2024 through August 2026
SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT
Total debt	1,172,920	1,290,148
Notes payable to finance companies, final payment, due December 2023
SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT
Total debt		950,235
Notes payable to bank, final payment due November 2034
SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT
Total debt	798,448	813,242
Notes payable to banks due October 2027
SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT
Total debt	2,460,330	2,601,404
Notes payable to David and Daniel Bolton due final payment December 31, 2026
SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT
Total debt	917,500	1,660,000
Notes payable to bank, monthly interest rate at 9.50, final payment due September 2026
SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT
Total debt	1,713,569	1,873,831
Notes payable to bank, monthly interest rate at 9.5, final payment due September 2026
SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT
Total debt	263,836	294,761
Term notes payable to United Bank, Tri-State Paving acquisition, final payment due by June 1, 2027
SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT
Total debt	5,369,062	5,698,761
Notes payable to Corns Enterprises, final payment due April 29, 2026
SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT
Total debt	$ 234,262	$ 468,523

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SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT - Summary of short-term and long-term debt - Parenthetical (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT
Fair value of debt	$ 30,300,000	$ 32,100,000
Line of credit payable to bank, final payment due by June 28, 2024
SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT
Interest rate	8.50%
Note payable to bank, final payment due June 2028
SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT
Interest rate	7.25%
Note payable in monthly or annual installments	$ 202,000
Paycheck Protection Program loans from Small Business Administration, 1.0% simple interest, initially forgiven in the fiscal year ended September 30, 2021. Final forgiveness decision has not been determined.
SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT
Interest rate				1.00%
Term note payable to United Bank, WV Pipeline acquisition, final payment due by March 25, 2026
SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT
Interest rate	4.25%
Note payable in monthly or annual installments	$ 64,853
Note payable to finance companies due January 2024 through August 2026
SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT
Note payable in monthly or annual installments	$ 51,000	$ 50,000
Note payable to finance companies due January 2024 through August 2026 | Minimum
SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT
Interest rate	0.00%
Note payable to finance companies due January 2024 through August 2026 | Maximum
SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT
Interest rate	6.92%
Notes payable to finance companies, final payment, due December 2023
SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT
Interest rate	6.70%
Note payable in monthly or annual installments	$ 327,000		$ 282,000
Notes payable to bank, final payment due November 2034
SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT
Interest rate	4.82%
Note payable in monthly or annual installments	$ 7,848
Notes payable to bank, final payment due November 2025
SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT
Interest rate	9.50%
Note payable in monthly or annual installments	$ 12,580
Notes payable to banks due October 2027
SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT
Interest rate	6.00%
Note payable in monthly or annual installments	$ 59,932
Notes payable to David and Daniel Bolton due final payment December 31, 2026
SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT
Interest rate	3.25%
Note payable in monthly or annual installments	$ 500,000
Notes payable to bank, monthly interest rate at 9.5, final payment due September 2026
SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT
Interest rate	9.50%
Note payable in monthly or annual installments	$ 68,150
Debt instrument, Interest rate during period	4.25%
Term notes payable to United Bank, Tri-State Paving acquisition, final payment due by June 1, 2027
SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT
Interest rate	4.50%
Note payable in monthly or annual installments	$ 129,910
Notes payable to Corns Enterprises, final payment due April 29, 2026
SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT
Interest rate	3.50%
Note payable in monthly or annual installments	$ 1,000,000
Notes payable on annual installments	250,000
Fair value of debt	$ 936,000

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SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT - Additional information (Details)		1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Apr. 27, 2020 USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Jan. 19, 2023 USD ($)	Jul. 13, 2022 USD ($)	Apr. 07, 2020 USD ($)
SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT
Line of credit			$ 15,950,633	$ 23,942,868
Line of credit remaining borrowing capacity			$ 11,250,633	$ 15,229,953
Interest rate			8.50%	8.50%
Line of credit balance available			$ 11,250,633	$ 15,229,953
Ratio to be maintained by borrower for maximum senior funded debt to EBDITA			3.5
Insurance policy premium outstanding			$ 0	$ 950,000
PPP Loans
SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT
Lender aggregate principal amount								$ 13,100,000
Unanimously voted to return loans	$ 3,300,000
Amount of PPP loans to fund operations	$ 9,800,000
PPP loans received					$ 9,800,000
Short-term borrowings due to accrued interest		$ 9,800,000
United Bank, Inc. | Revolving credit facility
SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT
Line of credit						$ 30,000,000.0	$ 15,000,000.0
Interest rate on the line of credit description				“Wall Street Journal” Prime Rate
Interest rate on line of credit				4.99%
Minimum tangible net worth			$ 28,000,000.0
Minimum traditional debt service coverage ratio			1.50x
Minimum current ratio			1.20x
Maximum debt to tangible net worth ratio			2.75x

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GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS - Goodwill (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Goodwill
Beginning balance	$ 4,087,554	$ 4,087,554
Acquired	0	0
Ending balance	$ 4,087,554	$ 4,087,554

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GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS - Intangible assets subject to amortization (Details) - USD ($)		3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023
GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Original Cost	$ 4,548,843	$ 4,548,843
Accumulated Amortization and Impairment	1,273,886	108,142	$ 132,780	$ 1,165,744
Net Book Value	$ 3,274,957	3,274,957		3,383,099
Accumulated Amortization and impairment on identifiable intangible assets		108,142	132,780
Goodwill impairment		$ 0		0
Customer Relationships | West Virginia Pipeline
GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Remaining Life	84 months	84 months
Original Cost	$ 2,209,724	$ 2,209,724
Accumulated Amortization and Impairment	662,903	55,242	55,242	607,661
Net Book Value	$ 1,546,821	$ 1,546,821		1,602,063
Customer Relationships | Tri-State Paving
GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Remaining Life	100 months	100 months
Original Cost	$ 1,649,159	$ 1,649,159
Accumulated Amortization and Impairment	274,860	41,229	41,280	233,631
Net Book Value	$ 1,374,299	$ 1,374,299		1,415,528
Tradename | West Virginia Pipeline
GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Remaining Life	84 months	84 months
Original Cost	$ 263,584	$ 263,584
Accumulated Amortization and Impairment	79,091	6,591	6,595	72,500
Net Book Value	$ 184,493	$ 184,493		191,084
Tradename | Tri-State Paving
GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Remaining Life	100 months	100 months
Original Cost	$ 203,213	$ 203,213
Accumulated Amortization and Impairment	33,869	5,080	5,082	28,789
Net Book Value	169,344	169,344		174,424
Non-competes | West Virginia Pipeline
GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Original Cost	83,203	83,203
Accumulated Amortization and Impairment	83,203		10,397	83,203
Non-competes | Tri-State Paving
GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Original Cost	39,960	39,960
Accumulated Amortization and Impairment	39,960		10,017	39,960
Employment agreement/non-compete | Revolt Energy
GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Original Cost	100,000	$ 100,000
Accumulated Amortization and Impairment	$ 100,000		$ 4,167	$ 100,000

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GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS - Identifiable intangible assets (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Amortization expense
January 2024 to December 2024	$ 432,564
January 2025 to December 2025	432,564
January 2026 to December 2026	432,564
January 2027 to December 2027	432,564
January 2028 to December 2028	432,564
After	1,112,137
Total	$ 3,274,957	$ 3,383,099

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LEASE OBLIGATIONS (Details)				3 Months Ended
	Aug. 11, 2022 USD ($) item	Apr. 29, 2022 USD ($) item	Mar. 25, 2021 Y	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) agreement item	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Mar. 28, 2023 USD ($)	Aug. 12, 2022 USD ($)
LEASE OBLIGATIONS
Operating lease payments for office space per month				$ 1,500
Term of operating lease			2 years
Number of renewable options available | Y			5
Operating lease, renewal term			1 year
Number of financing leases entered | agreement				2
Finance lease, value				$ 160,000
Term of finance leases				22 months
Finance lease, interest rate				0.00%
Finance lease, monthly installment payments				$ 6,645
Option to cancel the finance lease				false
Number of right of use operating leases | item		2
Carrying value				$ 1,229,348		$ 1,075,815
Rental expense				5,400,000	$ 2,700,000
Operating Lease for Hurricane, WV Facility
LEASE OBLIGATIONS
Net present value		$ 236,000
Carrying value				106,000
Operating Lease for Chattanooga, Tennessee Facility
LEASE OBLIGATIONS
Net present value		$ 144,000
Carrying value				40,000
Interest rate on operating lease		4.50%
Operating Lease with Enterprise Fleet Management, Inc
LEASE OBLIGATIONS
Net present value	$ 1,200,000
Carrying value				$ 2,500,000
Number of vehicles to be used | item	31			69
Operating Lease with Enterprise Fleet Management, Inc | Minimum
LEASE OBLIGATIONS
Vehicle lease program rate on operating lease				12.80%
Operating Lease with Enterprise Fleet Management, Inc | Maximum
LEASE OBLIGATIONS
Vehicle lease program rate on operating lease				15.60%
Operating Lease with RICA Developers, LLC
LEASE OBLIGATIONS
Net present value								$ 125,000
Carrying value				$ 83,000
Interest rate on operating lease				8.50%
Operating Lease for Winchester, Kentucky Facility
LEASE OBLIGATIONS
Net present value							$ 290,000
Carrying value				$ 231,000
Interest rate on operating lease							7.75%

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LEASE OBLIGATIONS - Operating lease-weighted average remaining term (Details)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
LEASE OBLIGATIONS
Weighted average remaining term	3 years 7 months 6 days
Present value of remaining liability	$ 2,920,533
Operating lease 1
LEASE OBLIGATIONS
Weighted average remaining term	1 year 3 months 18 days
Present value of remaining liability	$ 106,295
Operating lease 2
LEASE OBLIGATIONS
Weighted average remaining term	4 months 24 days
Present value of remaining liability	$ 40,426
Operating lease 3
LEASE OBLIGATIONS
Weighted average remaining term	4 years
Present value of remaining liability	$ 2,459,525
Operating lease 4
LEASE OBLIGATIONS
Weighted average remaining term	9 months 18 days
Present value of remaining liability	$ 82,974
Operating lease 5
LEASE OBLIGATIONS
Weighted average remaining term	2 years 3 months 18 days
Present value of remaining liability	$ 231,313

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LEASE OBLIGATIONS - Operating lease maturity schedule (Details)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
LEASE OBLIGATIONS
2024	$ 1,419,055
2025	1,048,659
2026	711,465
2027	330,132
Operating lease liability	3,509,311
Less amounts representing interest	(588,778)
Present value of operating lease liabilities	$ 2,920,533

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LEASE OBLIGATIONS - Operating lease expense (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
LEASE OBLIGATIONS
Total amortization	$ 277,620	$ 132,540
Total interest	76,387	17,111
Total amortization and interest	354,007	149,651
Cash Paid for Operating Leases	354,007	149,651
Operating lease 1
LEASE OBLIGATIONS
Total amortization	26,705	18,841
Total interest	1,295	2,160
Cash Paid for Operating Leases	28,000	21,001
Operating lease 2
LEASE OBLIGATIONS
Total amortization	16,605	15,559
Total interest	504	1,219
Cash Paid for Operating Leases	17,109	16,778
Operating lease 3
LEASE OBLIGATIONS
Total amortization	161,724	68,528
Total interest	68,910	12,570
Cash Paid for Operating Leases	230,634	81,098
Operating lease 4
LEASE OBLIGATIONS
Total amortization	41,728	29,612
Total interest	1,472	1,162
Cash Paid for Operating Leases	43,200	$ 30,774
Operating lease 5
LEASE OBLIGATIONS
Total amortization	30,858
Total interest	4,206
Cash Paid for Operating Leases	$ 35,064

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SUBSEQUENT EVENTS (Details) - $ / shares		3 Months Ended
	Nov. 15, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Annual dividend per common share approved	$ 0.06	$ 0.06