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Note 5 - Stockholders' Equity (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Notes Tables  
Schedule of Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Table Text Block]
    Year Ended December 31,
    2017   2016
         
Research and development costs   $
1,091,036
    $
1,767,732
 
General and administrative expenses    
678,928
     
1,677,807
 
Total   $
1,769,964
    $
3,445,539
 
Share-based Compensation, Stock Options, Activity [Table Text Block]
    Number of Options   Weighted-Average Exercise Price   Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)   Aggregate Intrinsic Value
                 
Outstanding at January 1, 2017    
1,691,987
    $
22.60
     
5.1
    $
-
 
Granted    
246,982
    $
1.92
     
 
     
 
 
Exercised    
-
     
-
     
 
     
 
 
Forfeited/Expired    
(44,892
)   $
28.67
     
 
     
 
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2017    
1,894,077
    $
19.76
     
4.7
    $
108,000
 
                                 
Exercisable at December 31, 2017    
1,576,364
    $
22.92
     
3.8
    $
-
 
Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Shares Authorized under Stock Option Plans, by Exercise Price Range [Table Text Block]
Range of Exercise Prices   Number of Options Outstanding   Weighted-Average Exercise Price   Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)   Aggregate Intrinsic Value
$1.00
-
$3.50
   
200,000
    $
1.18
     
9.8
    $
108,000
 
$3.51
-
$13.00
   
758,917
    $
9.42
     
6.2
     
-
 
$13.01
-
$26.00
   
369,830
    $
15.26
     
3.9
     
-
 
$26.01
-
$39.00
   
147,445
    $
32.46
     
1.7
     
-
 
$39.01
-
$56.00
   
417,885
    $
46.96
     
1.4
     
-
 
 
   
1,894,077
    $
19.76
     
4.7
    $
108,000
 
Schedule of Share-based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions [Table Text Block]
      Year Ended December 31,  
      2017       2016  
                 
Annual dividend    
 
-
 
     
 
-
 
 
Expected life (in years)    
0.3
-
6.5
     
5.8
-
7.3
 
Risk free interest rate    
0.80%
-
2.22%
     
1.34%
-
1.75%
 
Expected volatility    
62.2%
-
98.0%
     
69.0%
-
80.2%
 
Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Warrant Activity [Table Text Block]
Range of Exercise Prices   Number of Warrants Outstanding   Range of Expiration Dates
  $2.00
-
$3.90
     
2,994,248
     
May 2021 - August 2024
 
  $5.79
-
$5.80
     
293,593
     
March 2018 - July 2022
 
  $12.80
-
$12.90
     
39,296
     
January 2022
 
  $16.20
-
$16.30
     
174,544
     
March 2020
 
  $18.60
-
$19.80
     
12,309
     
March 2018 - June 2018
 
  $22.10
-
$27.90
     
153,755
     
March 2019 - January 2021
 
  $34.50
-
$39.00
     
159,639
     
August  2018 - October 2019
 
  $39.10
-
$39.20
     
230,772
     
October 2020 - October 2021
 
  $47.30
-
$52.20
     
275,897
     
January 2019 - July 2019
 
 
 
     
4,334,053
     
 
 
Restricted Stock [Member]  
Notes Tables  
Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units Activity [Table Text Block]
    Shares of Restricted Stock   Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
         
Outstanding at January 1, 2017    
-
    $
-
 
Granted    
79,829
    $
3.33
 
Vested    
(29,869
)   $
3.88
 
Forfeited    
-
    $
-
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2017    
49,960
    $
3.00
 
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]  
Notes Tables  
Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Restricted Stock Units Award Activity [Table Text Block]
    Number of RSU's   Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
         
Outstanding at January 1, 2017    
6,863
    $
30.70
 
Granted    
9,311
    $
5.37
 
Exercised and converted to common shares    
(4,939
)   $
25.99
 
Forfeited    
-
    $
-
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2017    
11,235
    $
11.77
 
                 
Exercisable at December 31, 2017    
6,580
    $
16.30