Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, plus any potentially dilutive common shares, consisting of stock-based awards and equivalents, and common stock warrants. For purposes of this calculation, stock-based awards and equivalents and common stock warrants are considered to be potential common shares and are only included in the calculation of diluted net loss per common share when their effect is dilutive.

The Company's Series A Convertible Preferred Stock and certain of the Company's outstanding common stock warrants contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends with the common stockholders, and therefore are considered to be participating securities. The Series A Convertible Preferred Stock and the common stock warrants do not have a contractual obligation to fund the losses of the Company; therefore, the application of the two-class method is not required when the Company is in a net loss position but is required if the Company is in a net income position. When in a net income position, diluted net earnings per common share is computed using the more dilutive of the two-class method or the if-converted and treasury stock methods.

On May 6, 2024, the Company issued 530,142 prefunded warrants with such prefunded warrants being immediately exercisable, having an exercise price of $0.0001 per share, and a perpetual term (See Note 5, Stockholders' Equity for further details). The prefunded warrants were determined to be equity-classified in accordance with ASC 480 and ASC 815. As of September 30, 2024, 312,000 of these prefunded warrants remained unexercised. Pursuant to the guidance of ASC 260-10, the Company concluded that because the equity-classified prefunded warrants were immediately exercisable for little or no cash consideration due to the non-substantive stated exercise price, all the necessary conditions for issuance of the underlying common shares had been met when the prefunded warrants were issued. Therefore, the underlying common shares have been included in the denominator for both the calculation of basic and dilutive net loss per common share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024.

As the Company was in a net loss position for all periods presented, basic and diluted net loss per common share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 were calculated under the if-converted and treasury stock methods. For both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, basic and diluted net loss per common share were the same as all common stock equivalents other than the prefunded warrants discussed above were anti-dilutive for both periods.

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per common share (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023			2024			2023
Basic and diluted net loss per common share:
Net loss	$	(3,487	)	$	(3,596	)	$	(11,094	)	$	(9,329	)
Adjustment to record the impact of exercise price reset on outstanding warrants related to down round provisions		—			(16	)		—			(16	)
Net loss available to common stockholders - basic and diluted	$	(3,487	)	$	(3,612	)	$	(11,094	)	$	(9,345	)
Weighted average shares used in calculating basic and diluted net loss per common share		1,500,409			489,624			1,168,277			402,074
Basic and diluted net loss per common share	$	(2.32	)	$	(7.38	)	$	(9.50	)	$	(23.24	)

The following potentially dilutive securities were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effects would be anti-dilutive:


	September 30,
	2024		2023
Stock options		51,733		36,132
Restricted stock units		3,728		22,864
Warrants for common stock		1,245,470		272,216
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock		8		8
Total		1,300,939		331,220