EX-4 6 ex4.htm

 

Exhibit 4

 

 

 

 

Avricore Health Inc.

 

Management’s Discussion & Analysis

 

For the three months ended

 

March 31, 2022

 

 
 

 

Avricore Health Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

as of May 27, 2022

 

 

This Management Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) of Avricore Health Inc. (“AVRICORE”, the “Company”, “we”, “us” or “our”) for the period ended March 31, 2022 is prepared as of May 27, 2022. This MD&A should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed interim consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021 and the related notes thereto.

 

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). This MD&A contains “forward-looking statements” and the non-GAAP performance measures that are subject to risk factors set out in a cautionary note contained herein.

 

All amounts are expressed in Canadian dollars unless otherwise indicated.

 

Additional information about Avricore Health Inc. can be found on the SEDAR website (www.sedar.com) and on the Company’s website (www.avricorehealth.com).

 

FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

This MD&A contains or incorporates forward-looking statements within the meaning of Canadian securities legislation (collectively, “forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements relate to, among other things, revenue, earnings, changes in cost and expenses, capital expenditures and other objectives, strategic plans and business development goals, and may also include other statements that are predictive in nature or that depend upon or refer to future events or conditions, and can generally be identified by words such as “may”, “will”, “expects”, “anticipates”, “intends”, “plans”, “believes”, “estimates” or similar expressions. In addition, any statements that refer to expectations, projections or other characterizations of future events or circumstances are forward-looking statements. These statements are not historical facts but instead represent only Avricore’s expectations, estimates and projections regarding future events.

 

Although the Company believes the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, such statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. Undue reliance should not be placed on such statements. Certain material assumptions are applied in making forward-looking statements and actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in such statements. Known and unknown factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements. Important assumptions, influencing factors, risks and uncertainties are referred to in the body of this MD&A, in the press release announcing the Company’s financial results for the year ended December 31, 2021, and in Avricore’s annual financial statements and the notes thereto. These documents are available at www.sedar.com.

 

The forward-looking statements contained in this MD&A are made as at the date of this MD&A and, accordingly, are subject to change after such date. Except as required by law, Avricore does not undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements made or incorporated in this MD&A, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

 

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Avricore Health Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

as of May 27, 2022

 

 

OVERVIEW

 

Avricore Health is focused on acquiring and developing early-stage technologies aimed at moving pharmacy forward. Through our flagship offering HealthTab™ (a wholly owned subsidiary), we provide a turnkey point-of-care testing platform, creating value for stakeholders and better outcomes for patients.

 

The HealthTab™ platform effectively turns pharmacies into community point-of-care diagnostic centres. It enables pharmacists to take on a greater role in primary health services, capitalizes on the rapidly growing point-of-care testing market, and ultimately improves the quality of life for patients living with chronic illness.

 

COVID-19 RESPONSE

 

In March 2020 the World Health Organization declared coronavirus COVID-19 a global pandemic. This contagious disease outbreak, which has continued to spread, and any related adverse public health developments, has adversely affected workforces, economies, and financial markets globally, leading to an economic downturn. One year later the pandemic continues to severely impact the environment in which the Company operates.

 

One benefit is the increased focus on real world evaluations and rapid testing which has brought increased attention to HealthTab™. While continuing HealthTab’s™ primary focus on general health screening it has also been adapted to support COVID-19 testing.

 

The extent to which the COVID-19 outbreak impacts the Company’s results will depend on future developments that are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information that may emerge concerning the spread of the virus and government actions. Management continues to monitor the situation and adjust corporate planning as appropriate.

 

HEALTHTAB™ – KEY DEVELOPMENTS

 

Key developments have included:

 

53 (an increase of 33) participating Shoppers Drug Mart® pharmacies, 48 in Ontario and 5 in British Columbia, have now received their HealthTab™ systems and are offering screening tests to patients. The program’s primary focus is to screen patients at-risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In-store signage and print material will let customers know they are able to request HealthTab™ tests, and existing patients will be made aware through direct outreach from their Shoppers Drug Mart® pharmacist based on their health profile.

 

Since the pilot with Shoppers Drug Mart® was launched, over 3,300 Healthtab™ tests were completed. The data collected confirmed that the patients tested had a high prevalence of previously undiagnosed diabetes, pre-diabetes and heart disease and significant near-term risk for major health events. Patients also reported in post surveys that they valued receiving this information from their pharmacists, and those pharmacists indicated that Healthtab™ helped increase the value in the services they were able to provide to their patients. This has resulted in increased demand for Healthtab™ units bringing total systems installed to 53.

 

Developed a quality assurance program with a third-part reference laboratory to offer HealthTab™ pharmacies industry leading validation for point-of-care instruments and test consumables.

 

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Avricore Health Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

as of May 27, 2022

 

 

Signing of a non-exclusive, pilot supplier distribution agreement in Canada between HealthTab™ Inc., and Abbott, with respect to the handheld blood chemistry analyzer, i-STAT Alinity. The agreement allows HealthTab™ to distribute Abbott’s point-of-care i-STAT Alinity and its associated tests for creatinine in Canadian pharmacies to better support patients with important information about their renal function.

 

Signing master agreement to pilot Healthtab™ platform for screening of diabetes and heart disease in select Shoppers Drug Mart® pharmacies.

 

Amendment to the Distribution Agreement adds the Abbott’s popular ID NOW™ molecular testing device which will add onsite testing and reporting capabilities for SARS-CoV-2 as well as Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), Influenza A & B and Streptococcus – a powerful combination for detecting infections before they spread.

 

Partnered with Ellerca Health Inc. to offer joint diabetes screening and management support.

 

Signing of a Distribution Agreement with Abbott Rapid Diagnostics, to integrate new devices into Avricore’s HealthTab™ to expand its real-time data reporting system capabilities.

 

Developing new pilot programs with national pharmacy chains,

 

Continuing to negotiate new POC service integrations to expand the HealthTab™ testing menu.

 

Refining HealthTab™’s de-centralized clinical trials capabilities to monetize de-identified data associated with high-value Real-World Evaluation (RWE).

 

Moving forward with negotiations across several target demographics, domestically and internationally, with life-science companies, host-locations and Clinical Research Organizations (CRO).

 

HealthTab™ is a cloud-based network technology that enables the world’s first harmonized, real-time response system where consumers receive a finger-stick blood test at their local pharmacy via a web-enabled clinical grade blood chemistry analyzer. These results are available in 12 minutes. Consumers’ bio-markers, which include key results related to heart, liver and kidney function, are received via secure login which they can then use to better understand their health performance and share with their healthcare team for evidence-based decision making. This one-of-a-kind real-time reporting system opens the door to improved preventative healthcare in public and private health systems.

 

De-identified data collected, with consumer consent across the HealthTab™ network of analyzers, can be shared with life-science companies and other research entities including the clinical research industry. The traditional clinical trial approach can be limited in the scope of time, demographical outreach, and other inherent exclusionary attributes. HealthTab™ presents a revolutionary model for utilizing the system’s unique ability to offer real-time evaluations of treated populations and real-world evaluation clinical trials.

 

Between January and February 2020, the Deloitte Center for Health Solutions surveyed multiple leaders from 17 pharmaceutical companies on their organizations’ RWE capabilities. Survey questions revolved around current and future applications for RWE, areas of investment, strategic partnerships, and use of Real World Data (RWD) and RWE in R&D.

 

Ninety-four percent of survey respondents believe using RWE in R&D will become important or very important to their organizations by 2022.

 

Almost all companies expect to increase investments in talent, technology, and external partnerships to strengthen their RWE capabilities.

 

Reduced clinical trial costs and trial failure rates using RWE in R&D

 

Entered strategic partnerships to access new sources of RWD (in fact, all have taken this step)

 

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Avricore Health Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

as of May 27, 2022

 

 

The Company believes is very well positioned as a strategic partner and lead in this exciting growth sector. In addition, HealthTab™ is ideally situated to provide Real Time Real World Data (RTRWD). This is an important distinction from RWD because anonymized data can be transmitted in real time versus the lag that is accompanied with RWD that is gathered from clinical reporting systems, insurance claims and adverse event reporting systems.

 

Currently, HealthTab™ is available in certain Shoppers Drug Marts in Ontario and BC. The Company has secured commitments with other pharmacies in Canada to place additional HealthTab™ systems and is in negotiations with corporate chains. Furthermore, the Company expanded a partnership agreement with the Ontario Pharmacists Association (OPA) to endorse HealthTab™ to pharmacies conducting COVID-19 testing and government for real-time reporting of test results. The OPA is the largest pharmacists’ association in the country, with over 10,000 members and over 4,600 community pharmacy locations.

 

HealthTab™ is being embraced as it is the most credible way to deploy point-of-care testing in the pharmacy and community setting where it offers the reliability, accuracy and flexibility the sector needs. Avricore has enjoyed a robust response from a variety of key industry players including, CROs, labs, pharmacies and researchers and has been engaging in a variety of technical discussions which are anticipated to lead to business.

 

As conversations progress, the Company will be making announcements in due course.

 

Fully Integrated Patient Health Records

 

The Company has been in technical discussions on the integration of HealthTab™ into the electronic medical records and pharmacy management systems with a Canadian market leader in the provision of these systems.

 

HealthTab™’s API integration capabilities make it ideal to achieve an industry first, where a consumer’s test results can be directly linked to their patient health record, for real-time responses and smooth integration across the multiple platforms a health provider will use.

 

Community Pharmacy Sector

 

In an era of rapid change in health care delivery, community pharmacy practice models and community pharmacy business models are both experiencing significant evolution in focus and daunting challenges to be met. We strongly believe that Avricore is a game-changing catalyst for community pharmacy to meet their practice and business challenges and increasingly focus on patient-centred cognitive services with attendant point-of-care testing in the future. Avricore is focused on expanding and further deploying its HealthTab™ and to best meet the current community pharmacy sector’s needs.

 

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Avricore Health Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

as of May 27, 2022

 

 

Selected Financial Information and Additional Disclosure

 

The following financial data for the three years is derived from the Annual Audited Consolidated Financial Statements and should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

   2021   2020   2019 
Total revenue from continuing operations  $122,808   $33,030   $33,000 
Loss from operations of continuing operations  $1,708,132   $1,173,966   $1,916,252 
Loss from operations of discontinued operations  $-   $-   $189,356 
Loss per share – basic and diluted               
Continuing operations  $0.02   $0.02   $0.04 
Discontinued operations  $0.00   $0.00   $0.00 
Total assets  $2,281,393   $440,090   $208,399 
Total current liabilities  $84,477   $1,154,131   $673,850 
Total non-current financial liabilities   Nil    Nil    Nil 

 

QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 

The following table highlights selected unaudited consolidated financial data for each of the eight most recent quarters that, in management’s opinion, have been prepared on a basis consistent with the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021. These results are not necessarily indicative of results for any future period and you should not rely on these results to predict future performance.

 

Quarter Ended  Mar 2022   Dec 2021   Sep 2021   Jun 2021   Mar 2021   Dec 2020   Sep 2020   Jun 2020 
   $   $   $   $   $   $   $   $ 
Revenue   42,736    35,190    75,104    4,939    7,575           8,082          8,082         8,482 
Gross profit (loss)   15,113    9,317    20,555    (998)   1,647    2,220    4,757    4,911 
Share-based
compensation
   21,099    9,169    74,722    24,965    386,935    120,191    10,028    - 
Comprehensive Loss   185,678    208,895    439,311    344,620    715,306    538,499    206,789    198,117 
Net loss/Share   (0.00)   (0.00)   (0.00)   (0.00)   (0.01)   (0.00)   (0.00)   (0.00)
Total Assets   2,122,816    2,281,393    2,517,569    2,541,099    2,740,053    440,090    355,808    532,086 

 

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Avricore Health Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

as of May 27, 2022

 

 

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2022

 

The Company incurred comprehensive loss of $185,678 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 (2021 - $715,306).

 

Significant changes are as follows:

 

Revenue increased to $42,736 (2021 - $7,575) due to an increase in HealthTab™ systems deployed and tests sold. Gross profit amounted to $15,113 (2021 – gross profit of $1,647).

 

Share-based compensation of $21,099 (2021 - $386,935) was recognized for stock options granted, vested, and repriced during the period.

 

Consulting fees of $52,500 (2021 - $72,963) decreased due to decrease in consultant engagements for business development.

 

Management fees of $37,500 (2021 - $92,500) decreased due to resignation of the former President and bonuses that were paid in 2021.

 

Shareholder communications expense increased to $15,953 (2021 - $8,642) mainly due to implementation of shareholder communication and awareness programs.

 

Finance cost of $nil (2021 - $38,438) includes interest and accretion expense on loans. The decrease is due to repayment of loans.

 

General and administrative expenses decreased to $33,869 (2021 - $49,694) mainly to due to decrease in filing and registration fees as compared with previous period.

 

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

 

The Company’s operations have been financed through the issuance of common shares. Management anticipates that additional financings or capital requirements to fund the current commercial operations and working capital will be required to grow the business to a sustainable level.

 

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Avricore Health Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

as of May 27, 2022

 

 

Cash flows

 

  Three months ended March 31, 
Sources and Uses of Cash:  2022   2021 
   $   $ 
Cash used in operating activities   194,933    291,572 
Cash used in investing activities   1,162    4,298 
Cash provided by financing activities   24,000    2,569,972 
Cash and Cash Equivalents, closing balance   1,840,840    2,576,817 

 

There is an overall cash outflow of $172,155 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 compared to the inflow of $2,274,102 in comparable period in 2021.

 

Funding Requirements

 

Management devotes financial resources to the Company’s operations, sales and commercialization efforts, regulatory approvals and business development. The Company will require cash to support working capital.

 

The future funding requirements will depend on many factors including:

 

the extent to which we will be commercially successful in launching HealthTab™,

 

the size, cost and effectiveness of our sales and marketing programs, distribution and marketing arrangements,

 

the ability of the Company to raise capital through the issuance of its securities.

 

As at March 31, 2022, the Company had a working capital of $1,940,371 (December 31, 2021 – $2,074,533). We believe that our cash on hand, the expected future cash inflows from revenues, net proceeds from the warrants exercised, if any, may be sufficient to finance our working capital within the next twelve months. If our existing cash resources together with the cash we generate from the sales of our products are insufficient to fund our working capital, operational needs, we may need to sell additional equity or debt securities or seek additional financing through other arrangements.

 

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

 

For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded the following transactions with related parties:

 

a)$37,500 in management fees (2021 - $37,500) to the Chief Executive Officer of the Company along with a bonus award of $Nil (2021 - $35,000).

 

b)$Nil in management fees to the former President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company (2021 - $20,000).

 

c)$30,000 in professional fees (2021 - $30,000) to a company controlled by the Chief Financial Officer of the Company along with a bonus award of $Nil (2021 - $30,000).

 

d)$30,000 in consulting fees (2021 - $30,000) to the Chief Technology Officer of the Company along with a bonus award $Nil (2021 - $35,000).

 

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Avricore Health Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

as of May 27, 2022

 

 

Related party transactions not otherwise described in the consolidated financial statements are shown below. The remuneration of the Company’s directors and other members of key management, who have the authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the activities of the Company directly or indirectly, consist of the following:

 

   Three months ended March 31, 
   2022   2021 
   $   $ 
Consulting fees   30,000    65,000 
Management fees   37,500    92,500 
Professional fees   30,000    60,000 
Share-based compensation   12,129    264,393 
    109,629    481,893 

 

There were no amounts due to related parties as at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

 

DISCLOSURE OF OUTSTANDING SHARE DATA

 

The following table summarizes the Company’s outstanding share capital as at report date:

 

Common Shares   97,695,264 
Stock Options   6,600,052 
Stock Warrants   2,507,066 

 

COMMITMENTS AND AGREEMENTS

 

Loans payable

 

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company entered into a loan agreement with a third party for a secured loan in the amount of $1,000,000. The Loan was for a term of one year from the date of receipt of the funds, bore interest at a rate of 10% per annum and was secured with all of the present and after-acquired property of the Company. The loan was subject to an interest reserve of $100,000 held back from the loan advance. The Company paid a loan application fee in the amount of $30,000 and issued 3,480,000 bonus shares with a fair value of $52,500, which was recorded against the carrying value of the loan.

 

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company recorded $Nil (2021 - $21,096) as interest expense and recorded $Nil (2021 - $17,342) as accretion expense on the loan which was been included in finance cost in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company repaid the outstanding loan balance of $1,000,000 at the end of the term.

 

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company received a Canada Emergency Business Account loan of $40,000 to be repaid on or before December 31, 2025. The loan is interest-free until December 31, 2022. Thereafter, the outstanding loan balance will bear interest at the rate of 5% per annum.

 

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Avricore Health Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

as of May 27, 2022

 

 

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND SIGNIFICANT ESTIMATES

 

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with IFRS. These accounting principles require the Company’s management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. The Company’s management reviews these estimates and underlying judgments on an ongoing basis, based on experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Revisions to estimates are adjusted for prospectively in the year in which the estimates are revised. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Significant areas requiring management estimates include accounting for amounts recorded in connection recoverability of inventories, reporting of revenue recognition, bad debt and doubtful accounts, income taxes, accounting for stock-based compensation expense, and commitments and contingencies.

 

The significant accounting policies that we believe are the most critical in fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial results include revenue recognition, stock-based compensation and fair value measurements of financial instruments. These and other significant accounting policies are described more fully in Note 2 and 3 of our annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021.

 

Revenue recognition

 

The Company’s revenues are generated from operating leases of the POC system and sale of testing panels. Revenue comprises the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and it is shown net of tax and discounts.

 

The Company recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of goods and services to clients in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods and services by applying the following steps:

 

Identify the contract with a client;
Identify the performance obligations in the contract;
Determine the transaction price;
Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations; and
Recognize revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

 

Revenue may be earned over time as the performance obligations are satisfied or at a point in time which is when the entity has earned a right to payment, the customer has possession of the asset and the related significant risks and rewards of ownership, and the customer has accepted the asset. The Company’s arrangements with clients can include multiple performance obligations. When contracts involve various performance obligations, the Company evaluates whether each performance obligation is distinct and should be accounted for as a separate unit of accounting under IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.

 

The Company determines the standalone selling price by considering its overall pricing objectives and market conditions. Significant pricing practices taken into consideration include discounting practices, the size and volume of our transactions, our marketing strategy, historical sales and contract prices. The determination of standalone selling prices is made through consultation with and approval by management, taking into consideration our go-to-market strategy. As the Company’s go-to-market strategies evolve, the Company may modify its pricing practices in the future, which could result in changes in relative standalone selling prices. The Company generally receives payment from its clients after invoicing within the normal 28-day commercial terms. If a client is specifically identified as a credit risk, recognition of revenue is stopped except to the extent of fees that have already been collected.

 

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Avricore Health Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

as of May 27, 2022

 

 

Share-based payments

 

The Company operates an incentive share purchase option plan. Share-based payments to employees are measured at the fair value of the instruments issued and amortized over the vesting periods. Sharebased payments to non-employees are measured at the fair value of goods or services received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, if it is determined the fair value of the goods or services cannot be reliably measured, and are recorded at the date the goods or services are received. The corresponding amount is recorded to the option reserve. The fair value of options is determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which incorporates all market vesting conditions. The number of shares and options expected to vest is reviewed and adjusted at the end of each reporting period such that the amount recognized for services received as consideration for the equity instruments granted shall be based on the number of equity instruments that eventually vest.

 

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND RISKS

 

Operational Risk Factors

 

Limited Operating History

 

There is no assurance that Avricore will earn profits in the future, or that profitability will be sustained. Operating in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry requires substantial financial resources, and there is no assurance that future revenues will be sufficient to generate the funds required to continue AVRICORE business development and marketing activities. In case AVRICORE does not have sufficient capital to fund its operations, the management may be required to restructure the operations.

 

Going concern

 

The assessment of the Company’s ability to execute its strategy by funding future working capital requirements involves judgment. Estimates and assumptions are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.

 

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the basis of accounting principles applicable to a going concern which assumes that the Company will continue in operations for the foreseeable future and be able to realize assets and satisfy liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company has always experienced operating losses and negative operating cash flows. Operations have been funded by the issuance of share capital. These conditions may cast substantial doubt on the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

 

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Avricore Health Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

as of May 27, 2022

 

 

Development of Technological Capabilities

 

The market for Avricore’s products is characterized by changing technology and continuing process development. The future success of Company’s business will depend in large part upon our ability to maintain and enhance the Company’s technological capabilities, develop and market products and services which meet changing customer needs and successfully anticipate or respond to technological changes on a cost effective and timely basis. Although we believe that Company’s operations provide the products and services currently required by our customers, there can be no assurance that the Company’s process development efforts will be successful or that the emergence of new technologies, industry standards or customer requirements will not render Avricore’s products or services uncompetitive. If Avricore needs new technologies and equipment to remain competitive, the development, acquisition and implementation of those technologies and equipment may require us to make significant capital investments.

 

Dependence on Key Personnel

 

We are dependent to a large extent upon the continued services of our senior management team and other key employees such as sales and technical personnel. There is intense competition for skilled employees and our failure to recruit, train and retain such employees could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results.

 

Financial Instruments and Risk Management

 

The Company’s financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and loans payable. The Company’s risk management policies are established to identify and analyze the risks faced by the Company, to set appropriate risk limits and controls, and to monitor risks and adherence to market conditions and the Company’s activities. The Company has exposure to credit risk, liquidity risk and market risk as a result of its use of financial instruments.

 

The Board of Directors has overall responsibility for the establishment and oversight of the Company’s risk management framework. The Board has implemented and monitors compliance with risk management policies.

 

Credit risk

 

Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Company if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations and arises primarily from the Company’s cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are held through a large Canadian financial institution. The cash equivalent is composed of a guaranteed investment certificate and is issued by a Canadian bank with high investment-grade ratings. The Company does not have financial assets that are invested in asset-backed commercial paper.

 

The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its accounts receivable but does not require collateral. The Company establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts based on the credit risk applicable to particular customers and historical data. Approximately 74% of trade receivables are due from one customer at March 31, 2022 (December 31, 2021 – 76% from one customer).

 

Liquidity risk

 

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will incur difficulties meeting its financial obligations as they are due. The Company’s approach to managing liquidity is to ensure, as far as possible, that it will have sufficient liquidity to meet its liabilities when due, under both normal and stressed conditions without incurring unacceptable losses or risking harm to the Company’s reputation.

 

Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, liquidity risk has been assessed as high. The Company monitors its spending plans, repayment obligations and cash resources, and takes actions with the objective of ensuring that there is sufficient capital in order to meet short-term business requirements. To facilitate its expenditure program, the Company raises funds primarily through public equity financing. The Company anticipates it will have adequate liquidity to fund its financial liabilities through future equity contributions, however, there can be no guarantees that sufficient funds will be raised. As at March 31, 2022, the Company’s liabilities were comprised of accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and loans payable of $62,479 (2021 - $84,477).

 

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Avricore Health Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

as of May 27, 2022

 

 

Currency risk

 

Foreign currency risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows will fluctuate as a result of changes in foreign exchange rates. As all of the Company’s purchases and sales are denominated in Canadian dollars, and it has no significant cash balances denominated in foreign currencies, the Company is not exposed to foreign currency risk at this time.

 

Interest rate risk

 

Interest rate risk is the risk that fair values or future cash flows will fluctuate as a result of changes in market interest rates. In respect of financial assets, the Company’s policy is to invest cash at floating interest rates and cash reserves are to be maintained in cash equivalents in order to maintain liquidity, while achieving a satisfactory return for shareholders. The Company is not exposed to significant interest rate risk.

 

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

 

The Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, which would require disclosure.

 

CONTACT

 

Officers and Directors

 

Hector Bremner, CEO, Director

 

Kiki Smith, CFO

 

David Hall, Chairman

 

Rodger Seccombe, CTO, Director

 

Alan Amstein, Director

 

David Farnfield, Director

 

Dr. Robert Sindelar, Director

 

Contact

 

Avricore Health Inc.

 

Suite 1120, 789 West Pender St.

Vancouver, BC V6C 1H2

 

Tel: 604 773-8943

 

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