UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________to________

Commission file number: 001-35418

EPAM SYSTEMS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware		22-3536104
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
41 University Drive	Suite 202	18940
Newtown	Pennsylvania
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip code)

267-759-9000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol	Name of Each Exchange on which Registered
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share	EPAM	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒ No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒ No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No   ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Title of Each Class	Outstanding as of October 31, 2023
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share	57,700,476 shares

EPAM SYSTEMS, INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

	Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION	3
Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)	3
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022	3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	6
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	8
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	10
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	30
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	42
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	44
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION	45
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	45
Item 1A. Risk Factors	45
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	45
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities	45
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	45
Item 5. Other Information	45
Item 6. Exhibits	46
SIGNATURES	47

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)

EPAM SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except par value)

	As of September 30, 2023		As of December 31, 2022
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,872,977	$	1,681,344
Trade receivables and contract assets, net of allowance of $10,884 and $15,310, respectively	913,029		932,626
Short-term investments	60,431		60,336
Prepaid and other current assets	78,851		85,319
Total current assets	2,925,288		2,759,625
Property and equipment, net	239,654		273,348
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net	136,311		148,780
Intangible assets, net	69,730		77,652
Goodwill	548,177		529,072
Deferred tax assets	187,524		172,797
Other noncurrent assets	55,588		47,877
Total assets	$	4,162,272	$	4,009,151
Liabilities
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	25,415	$	30,852
Accrued compensation and benefits expenses	392,417		475,871
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	127,898		154,339
Income taxes payable, current	29,554		46,069
Operating lease liabilities, current	38,294		40,352
Total current liabilities	613,578		747,483
Long-term debt	27,500		27,693
Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent	108,332		122,317
Other noncurrent liabilities	112,844		108,648
Total liabilities	862,254		1,006,141
Commitments and contingencies (Note 14)
Equity
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 160,000 shares authorized; 57,706 and 57,668 shares issued, 57,693 and 57,655 shares outstanding at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	58		58
Additional paid-in capital	951,086		847,965
Retained earnings	2,440,043		2,248,948
Treasury stock	(118)		(118)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(91,630)		(95,321)
Total EPAM Systems, Inc. stockholders’ equity	3,299,439		3,001,532
Noncontrolling interest in consolidated subsidiaries	579		1,478
Total equity	3,300,018		3,003,010
Total liabilities and equity	$	4,162,272	$	4,009,151

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

EPAM SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except per share data)

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Revenues	$	1,152,136	$	1,226,920	$	3,533,283	$	3,593,395
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	794,265		826,796		2,458,881		2,453,955
Selling, general and administrative expenses	194,829		198,021		601,093		667,825
Depreciation and amortization expense	23,092		21,876		68,642		69,126
Loss on sale of business	25,922		—		25,922		—
Income from operations	114,028		180,227		378,745		402,489
Interest and other income, net	13,931		4,228		37,162		5,642
Foreign exchange gain/(loss)	3,893		6,691		(6,725)		(102,035)
Income before provision for income taxes	131,852		191,146		409,182		306,096
Provision for income taxes	34,648		35,092		89,653		41,719
Net income	$	97,204	$	156,054	$	319,529	$	264,377
Net income per share:
Basic	$	1.68	$	2.72	$	5.52	$	4.62
Diluted	$	1.65	$	2.63	$	5.40	$	4.47
Shares used in calculation of net income per share:
Basic	57,853		57,420		57,850		57,194
Diluted	58,948		59,357		59,143		59,108

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

EPAM SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net income	$	97,204	$	156,054	$	319,529	$	264,377
Other comprehensive (loss)/income:
Change in foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax	(5,801)		(56,923)		14,821		(72,645)
Change in unrealized loss on hedging instruments, net of tax	(13,744)		(5,352)		(11,130)		(11,780)
Other comprehensive (loss)/income	(19,545)		(62,275)		3,691		(84,425)
Comprehensive income	$	77,659	$	93,779	$	323,220	$	179,952

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

EPAM SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

(Unaudited)

(In thousands) 

	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock			Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss)/Income		Non-controlling interest in consolidated subsidiaries		Total Equity
	Shares	Amount						Shares	Amount
Balance, January 1, 2023	57,655	$	58	$	847,965	$	2,248,948	14	$	(118)	$	(95,321)	$	1,478	$	3,003,010
Restricted stock units vested	224	—		—		—		—	—		—		—		—
Equity withheld for employee taxes	(72)	—		(20,501)		—		—	—		—		—		(20,501)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		34,265		—		—	—		—		—		34,265
Exercise of stock options	71	—		2,525		—		—	—		—		—		2,525
Repurchase of common stock	(30)	—		—		(8,510)		—	—		—		—		(8,510)
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		—	—		17,361		—		17,361
Net income	—	—		—		102,292		—	—		—		—		102,292
Balance, March 31, 2023	57,848	$	58	$	864,254	$	2,342,730	14	$	(118)	$	(77,960)	$	1,478	$	3,130,442
Restricted stock units vested	76	—		—		—		—	—		—		—		—
Equity withheld for employee taxes	(21)	—		(6,142)		—		—	—		—		—		(6,142)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		32,449		—		—	—		—		—		32,449
Exercise of stock options	170	—		4,601		—		—	—		—		—		4,601
Issuance of common stock from employee stock purchase plan	77	—		18,466		—		—	—		—		—		18,466
Repurchase of common stock	(195)	—		—		(41,437)		—	—		—		—		(41,437)
Purchase of subsidiary shares from noncontrolling interest	—	—		(48)		—		—	—		—		(1,405)		(1,453)
Contributions to consolidated subsidiary from noncontrolling interest	—	—		—		—		—	—		—		506		506
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		—	—		5,875		—		5,875
Net income	—	—		—		120,033		—	—		—		—		120,033
Balance, June 30, 2023	57,955	$	58	$	913,580	$	2,421,326	14	$	(118)	$	(72,085)	$	579	$	3,263,340
Restricted stock units vested	7	—		—		—		—	—		—		—		—
Equity withheld for employee taxes	(2)	—		(426)		—		—	—		—		—		(426)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		34,949		—		—	—		—		—		34,949
Exercise of stock options	51	—		2,983		—		—	—		—		—		2,983
Repurchase of common stock	(318)	—		—		(78,487)		—	—		—		—		(78,487)
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—		—	—		(19,545)		—		(19,545)
Net income	—	—		—		97,204		—	—		—		—		97,204
Balance, September 30, 2023	57,693	$	58	$	951,086	$	2,440,043	14	$	(118)	$	(91,630)	$	579	$	3,300,018

6

	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock			Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss)/Income		Non-controlling interest in consolidated subsidiaries		Total Equity
	Shares	Amount						Shares	Amount
Balance, January 1, 2022	56,849	$	57	$	711,912	$	1,829,532	20	$	(177)	$	(54,207)	$	8,720	$	2,495,837
Restricted stock units vested	193	—		—		—		—	—		—		—		—
Equity withheld for employee taxes	(67)	—		(18,376)		—		—	—		—		—		(18,376)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		22,702		—		—	—		—		—		22,702
Exercise of stock options	158	—		2,884		—		—	—		—		—		2,884
Purchase of subsidiary shares from noncontrolling interest	—	—		—		—		—	—		—		(7,067)		(7,067)
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—		—	—		(31,943)		—		(31,943)
Net income	—	—		—		89,719		—	—		—		—		89,719
Balance, March 31, 2022	57,133	$	57	$	719,122	$	1,919,251	20	$	(177)	$	(86,150)	$	1,653	$	2,553,756
Restricted stock units vested	24	—		—		—		—	—		—		—		—
Equity withheld for employee taxes	(6)	—		(1,843)		—		—	—		—		—		(1,843)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		24,902		—		—	—		—		—		24,902
Exercise of stock options	147	—		6,410		—		—	—		—		—		6,410
Issuance of common stock from employee stock purchase plan	55	—		12,384		—		—	—		—		—		12,384
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		—	—		9,793		—		9,793
Net income	—	—		—		18,604		—	—		—		—		18,604
Balance, June 30, 2022	57,353	$	57	$	760,975	$	1,937,855	20	$	(177)	$	(76,357)	$	1,653	$	2,624,006
Restricted stock units vested	8	—		—		—		—	—		—		—		—
Equity withheld for employee taxes	(2)	—		(837)		—		—	—		—		—		(837)
Stock issued in connection with Other 2021 acquisitions	6	—		1,941		—		(6)	59		—		—		2,000
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		30,597		—		—	—		—		—		30,597
Exercise of stock options	137	—		9,223		—		—	—		—		—		9,223
Purchase of subsidiary shares from noncontrolling interest	—	—		51		—		—	—		—		(248)		(197)
Contributions from noncontrolling interest	—	—		—		—		—	—		—		73		73
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—		—	—		(62,275)		—		(62,275)
Net income	—	—		—		156,054		—	—		—		—		156,054
Balance, September 30, 2022	57,502	$	57	$	801,950	$	2,093,909	14	$	(118)	$	(138,632)	$	1,478	$	2,758,644

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

EPAM SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	319,529	$	264,377
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization expense	68,642		69,126
Operating lease right-of-use assets amortization expense	30,842		37,336
Bad debt expense	2,739		12,888
Deferred taxes	(11,760)		(54,851)
Stock-based compensation expense	109,536		68,292
Unrealized (gain)/loss on derivative instruments	(7,904)		20,469
Impairment charges	688		21,212
Loss on sale of business	25,922		—
Other	1,106		63,914
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Trade receivables and contract assets	6,145		(196,675)
Prepaid and other assets	13,208		(7,787)
Accounts payable	837		8,769
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	(95,570)		(7,100)
Operating lease liabilities	(34,310)		(41,395)
Income taxes payable	(38,385)		19,460
Net cash provided by operating activities	391,265		278,035
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment	(18,420)		(60,134)
Purchases of short-term investments	(10,865)		(60,000)
Proceeds from short-term investments	10,865		—
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired (Note 3)	(13,997)		(10,530)
Cash sold as part of sale of business, net of proceeds	(2,169)		—
Purchases of non-marketable securities	(3,281)		(1,625)
Other investing activities, net	(8,204)		(19,499)
Net cash used in investing activities	(46,071)		(151,788)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of stock under the employee incentive programs	28,612		31,368
Payments of withholding taxes related to net share settlements of restricted stock units	(28,202)		(22,101)
Proceeds from debt	764		4,114
Repayment of debt	(2,607)		(11,542)
Repurchase of common stock	(128,433)		—
Payment of contingent consideration for previously acquired business	(8,684)		(6,626)
Purchase of subsidiary shares from noncontrolling interest	(1,972)		(2,254)
Other financing activities, net	(2,895)		(3,025)
Net cash used in financing activities	(143,417)		(10,066)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(5,632)		(75,876)
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	196,145		40,305
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	1,683,636		1,449,347
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	1,879,781	$	1,489,652

8

EPAM SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

(Continued)

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	As of September 30, 2023		As of December 31, 2022
Balance sheet classification
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,872,977	$	1,681,344
Restricted cash in Prepaid and other current assets	5,441		430
Restricted cash in Other noncurrent assets	1,363		1,862
Total restricted cash	$	6,804	$	2,292
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	1,879,781	$	1,683,636

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

9

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except per share data and as otherwise disclosed) 

1.BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES    

EPAM Systems, Inc. (the “Company” or “EPAM”) is a leading digital transformation services and product engineering company, providing digital platform engineering and software development services to customers located around the world, primarily in North America, Europe, and Asia. The Company’s industry expertise includes financial services, travel and consumer, software and hi-tech, business information and media, life sciences and healthcare, as well as several other industries. The Company is incorporated in Delaware with headquarters in Newtown, Pennsylvania.

Basis of Presentation — The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of EPAM have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP” or “U.S. GAAP”) and Article 10 of Regulation S-X under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of EPAM Systems, Inc. and its subsidiaries with all intercompany balances and transactions eliminated.

These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2022 included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in these condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and such differences may be material to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. Operating results for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected to occur for the entire year. In management’s opinion, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all normal and recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position as of September 30, 2023 and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the periods presented.

Risks and Uncertainties — As a result of its global operations, the Company may be subject to certain inherent risks.

Concentration of Credit — Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments and trade receivables. The Company maintains cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments with financial institutions. The Company believes its credit policies reflect normal industry terms and business risk and there is no expectation of non-performance by the counterparties.

The Company has cash in several countries, including Ukraine and Belarus, which have been impacted by the invasion of Ukraine and where the banking sector remains subject to periodic instability; banking and other financial systems generally do not meet the banking standards of more developed markets; and bank deposits made by corporate entities are not insured. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had $51.7 million of cash and cash equivalents in banks in Ukraine and $37.1 million of cash and cash equivalents in banks in Belarus. Cash in Ukraine and Belarus is used for the operational needs of the local entities and cash balances change with the expected operating needs of these entities. The Company regularly monitors cash held in these countries and, to the extent the cash held exceeds amounts required to support its operations in these countries, the Company distributes the excess funds into markets with more developed banking sectors to the extent it is possible to do so. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents with financial institutions considered stable in the region, limits the amount of credit exposure with any one financial institution and conducts ongoing evaluations of the credit worthiness of the financial institutions with which it does business. However, a banking crisis, bankruptcy or insolvency of banks that process or hold the Company’s funds, or sanctions may result in the loss of deposits or adversely affect the Company’s ability to complete banking transactions, which could adversely affect the Company’s business and financial condition. See Note 2 “Impact of the Invasion of Ukraine” for further discussion of the Company’s response to the invasion of Ukraine and sale of its operations in Russia.

Trade receivables are generally dispersed across many customers operating in different industries; therefore, concentration of credit risk is limited. Historically, credit losses and write-offs of trade receivables have not been material to the consolidated financial statements. If any of the Company’s customers enter bankruptcy protection or otherwise take steps to alleviate their financial distress, the Company’s credit losses and write-offs of trade receivables could increase, which would negatively impact its results of operations.

10

Foreign currency risk — The Company’s global operations are conducted predominantly in U.S. dollars. Other than U.S. dollars, the Company generates revenues in various currencies, principally, euros, British pounds, Swiss francs and Canadian dollars and incurs expenditures principally in euros, Polish zlotys, Indian rupees, British pounds, Swiss francs, Mexican pesos, Hungarian forints, Colombian pesos, Canadian dollars and Chinese yuan renminbi. The Company’s international operations expose it to risk of adverse fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates through the remeasurement of foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities (both third-party and intercompany) and translation of earnings and cash flows into U.S. dollars. The Company has a hedging program whereby it enters into a series of foreign exchange forward contracts with durations of twelve months or less that are designated as cash flow hedges of forecasted Polish zloty, Indian rupee and Hungarian forint transactions. See Note 6 “Derivative Financial Instruments” for further discussion regarding the Company’s termination of the hedging program for the Russian ruble.

Interest rate risk — The Company is exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates. Exposure to interest rate risk results primarily from variable rates related to cash and cash equivalent deposits, short-term investments and the Company’s borrowings, mainly under the 2021 Credit Agreement, which is subject to a variety of rates depending on the type and timing of funds borrowed (See Note 8 “Debt”). The Company does not believe it is exposed to material direct risks associated with changes in interest rates related to these deposits, investments and borrowings.

Adoption of New Accounting Standards

There were no recently adopted accounting standards which had a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows.

Pending Accounting Standards

From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB or other standards-setting bodies that the Company will adopt according to the various timetables the FASB specifies. The Company believes the impact of recently issued standards that are not yet effective will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows upon adoption.

2.    IMPACT OF THE INVASION OF UKRAINE

On February 24, 2022, Russian forces attacked Ukraine and its people and EPAM has repeatedly called for an immediate end to this unlawful and unconscionable attack. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had $65.3 million of Property and equipment, net in Ukraine consisting of a building classified as construction-in-progress located in Kyiv with a net book value of $51.5 million, laptops with a net book value of $7.6 million, most of which are in the possession of employees, various office furniture, equipment and supplies with a net book value of $4.8 million, and leasehold improvements located throughout Ukraine with a net book value of $1.4 million. Additionally, as of September 30, 2023, the Company had Operating lease right-of-use assets located throughout Ukraine with a net book value of $9.6 million. Through the issuance date of these interim financial statements, the Company is not aware of any damage to its long-lived assets in Ukraine and the Company expects to continue to use these assets as part of its global delivery model.

On March 4, 2022, the Company announced a $100.0 million humanitarian commitment to support its employees and their families in and displaced from Ukraine. This humanitarian commitment is in addition to donations from EPAM's customers and employees and the work of EPAM volunteers on the ground. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company expensed $3.6 million and $13.6 million, respectively, related to this commitment, which included special cash payments to support impacted employees, financial and medical support for impacted families, travel, meals and lodging expenses, and donations to third-party humanitarian organizations. Of the expensed amount for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, $3.0 million and $8.3 million, respectively, is classified in Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization), and $0.6 million and $5.3 million, respectively, is classified in Selling, general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated financial statements. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company expensed $4.5 million and $38.5 million, respectively, related to this commitment, which included special cash payments to support impacted employees, financial and medical support for impacted families, travel, meals and lodging expenses, and donations to third-party humanitarian organizations. Of this expensed amount for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, $2.9 million and $25.3 million, respectively, is classified in Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization), and $1.6 million and $13.2 million, respectively, is classified in Selling, general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated financial statements. As of September 30, 2023, the Company has $41.6 million remaining to be expensed under this humanitarian commitment.

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The Company executed its business continuity plans following the invasion to assist relocating employees residing in Ukraine and the surrounding region impacted by the war and geopolitical uncertainty to other countries and to assign delivery personnel in locations outside of the region to serve in unbilled standby or backup capacities to ensure the continuity of delivery for its customers who have substantial delivery exposure to Ukraine or other delivery concerns resulting from the invasion and ongoing war. In addition to costs incurred as part of EPAM’s humanitarian commitment to Ukraine, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 the Company incurred $0.0 million and $9.4 million of expenses, respectively, related to these standby resources, classified as Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization). Also, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 the Company incurred expenses of $0.4 million and $0.9 million, respectively, related to its geographic repositioning efforts, classified as Selling, general and administrative expenses.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company incurred expenses of $1.0 million and $12.9 million, respectively, related to the standby resources, classified as Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) and $4.4 million and $37.5 million, respectively, related to its geographic repositioning efforts, classified as Selling, general and administrative expenses. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company also recorded an impairment charge of $1.3 million, classified as Interest and other income, net related to a financial asset in Ukraine which the Company believed to be unrealizable due to the events in Ukraine.

In response to the attacks on Ukraine, EPAM announced on March 4, 2022, it would discontinue services to customers located in Russia. Based on this change in facts and circumstances, the long-term cash flow forecast for the Company’s operations in Russia and its Russia reporting unit were significantly reduced. The reduction in the long-term cash flow forecasts indicated that the carrying amounts of goodwill and long-lived assets associated with the Company’s Russia reporting unit and operations in Russia may not be recoverable, and the carrying value of these assets was tested for impairment. The Company relied on the income approach to estimate the fair values of the Russia reporting unit and long-lived assets and considered multiple scenarios including the continuing operation and exit of operations in Russia. Reflecting the negative long-term cash flow forecasts that each of these scenarios produced for these assets, during the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company recorded impairments of Property and equipment, net of $15.1 million, Operating lease right-of-use assets, net of $3.8 million, and Goodwill of $0.7 million. These asset impairment charges are included in Selling, general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated financial statements for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Additionally, the Company evaluated trade receivables and contract assets for estimated future credit losses from customers located in Russia and recorded a bad debt expense of $5.7 million reflecting the deterioration of creditworthiness of its customers in Russia during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Amounts recorded to bad debt expense during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and three months ended September 30, 2022 related to customers located in Russia were not material. Also, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company incurred employee separation costs of $0.7 million and $16.9 million, respectively, in connection with the decision to exit its operations in Russia, with no such costs incurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

On July 26, 2023, the Company completed the sale of its remaining holdings in Russia to a third-party. The Company recorded a loss on sale of $25.9 million during the third quarter of 2023, including the recognition of the accumulated currency translation loss related to this foreign entity that was previously included in Accumulated other comprehensive loss in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

3.ACQUISITIONS

2022 Acquisitions — During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company completed two acquisitions with a total purchase price of $13.6 million including contingent consideration with acquisition-date fair value of $2.6 million. These acquisitions expanded EPAM’s capabilities to deliver end-to-end solutions for designing and building sophisticated commerce platforms, provided opportunities for geographic expansion as well as added $3.4 million of intangible assets, consisting of customer relationships. Pro forma results of operations have not been presented because the effect of these acquisitions on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements was not material individually or in the aggregate.

2023 Acquisition — During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company completed one acquisition with a total purchase price of $28.9 million including contingent consideration with acquisition-date fair value of $14.9 million. This acquisition expanded EPAM’s capabilities in software design and product development, as well as added $8.3 million of intangible assets, consisting of customer relationships. Pro forma results of operations have not been presented because the effect of this acquisition on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements was not material.

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4.GOODWILL

Goodwill by reportable segment was as follows:

	North America		Europe		Total
Balance as of January 1, 2023	$	216,960	$	312,112	$	529,072
2023 Acquisition	20,537		—		20,537
2022 Acquisitions purchase accounting adjustments	—		87		87
Effect of net foreign currency exchange rate changes	(24)		(1,495)		(1,519)
Balance as of September 30, 2023	$	237,473	$	310,704	$	548,177

The Russia segment had accumulated goodwill impairment losses of $2.9 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. There were no accumulated impairment losses in the North America or Europe reportable segments as of September 30, 2023 or December 31, 2022.

5.FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The Company carries certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis on its condensed consolidated balance sheets. The following tables present the fair values of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

	As of September 30, 2023
	Balance		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Foreign exchange derivative assets	$	2,136	$	—	$	2,136	$	—
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$	2,136	$	—	$	2,136	$	—
Foreign exchange derivative liabilities	$	5,789	$	—	$	5,789	$	—
Contingent consideration	28,150		—		—		28,150
Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$	33,939	$	—	$	5,789	$	28,150

	As of December 31, 2022
	Balance		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Foreign exchange derivative assets	$	12,191	$	—	$	12,191	$	—
Rights to acquire noncontrolling interest in consolidated subsidiaries	334		—		—		334
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$	12,525	$	—	$	12,191	$	334
Foreign exchange derivative liabilities	$	9,350	$	—	$	9,350	$	—
Contingent consideration	24,308		—		—		24,308
Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$	33,658	$	—	$	9,350	$	24,308

The foreign exchange derivatives are valued using pricing models and discounted cash flow methodologies based on observable foreign exchange data at the measurement date. See Note 6 “Derivative Financial Instruments” in the condensed consolidated interim financial statements for additional information regarding derivative financial instruments.

13

The fair value of the contingent consideration was determined using a probability-weighted expected return method and is based on the expected future payments to be made to the sellers of the acquired businesses in accordance with the provisions outlined in the respective purchase agreements. Although there is significant judgment involved, the Company believes its estimates and assumptions are reasonable. In determining fair value, the Company considered a variety of factors, including future performance of the acquired businesses using financial projections developed by the Company and market risk assumptions that were derived for revenue growth and earnings before interest and taxes. The Company estimated future payments using the earnout formula and performance targets specified in the purchase agreements and adjusted those estimates to reflect the probability of their achievement. Those weighted-average estimated future payments were then discounted to present value using a rate based on the weighted-average cost of capital of guideline companies. The discount rates used to determine the fair value of contingent consideration both as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, were at a maximum of 20.0%, if a rate was applied. Changes in financial projections, market risk assumptions, discount rates or probability assumptions related to achieving the various earnout criteria would result in a change in the fair value of the recorded contingent liabilities. Such changes, if any, are recorded within Interest and other income, net in the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of income.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of Level 3 contingent consideration using significant unobservable inputs for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 is as follows:

	Amount
Contingent consideration as of January 1, 2023	$	24,308
2023 Acquisition	14,850
Changes in fair value of contingent consideration included in Interest and other income, net	1,814
Payment of contingent consideration for previously acquired businesses	(12,844)
Effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes, net	22
Contingent consideration as of September 30, 2023	$	28,150

Financial Assets and Liabilities Not Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

Estimates of fair value of financial instruments not carried at fair value on a recurring basis on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets are generally subjective in nature and are determined as of a specific point in time based on the characteristics of the financial instruments and relevant market information. The generally short maturities of certain assets and liabilities result in a number of assets and liabilities for which fair value equals or closely approximates the amount recorded on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. The following tables present the estimated fair values of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities not measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of the dates indicated:

					Fair Value Hierarchy
	Balance		Estimated Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
September 30, 2023
Financial Assets:
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	154,147	$	154,147	$	154,147	$	—	$	—
Time deposits	199,678		199,678		—		199,678		—
Total cash equivalents	$	353,825	$	353,825	$	154,147	$	199,678	$	—
Restricted cash	$	6,804	$	6,804	$	6,804	$	—	$	—
Time deposits included in Short-term investments	$	60,431	$	60,431	$	—	$	60,431	$	—
Financial Liabilities:
Borrowings under the 2021 Credit Agreement	$	25,000	$	25,000	$	—	$	25,000	$	—
Deferred consideration for asset acquisition	$	55,501	$	55,501	$	—	$	55,501	$	—

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					Fair Value Hierarchy
	Balance		Estimated Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
December 31, 2022
Financial Assets:
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	312,321	$	312,321	$	312,321	$	—	$	—
Total cash equivalents	$	312,321	$	312,321	$	312,321	$	—	$	—
Restricted cash	$	2,292	$	2,292	$	2,292	$	—	$	—
Time deposits included in Short-term investments	$	60,336	$	60,336	$	—	$	60,336	$	—
Financial Liabilities:
Borrowings under the 2021 Credit Agreement	$	25,000	$	25,000	$	—	$	25,000	$	—
Deferred consideration for asset acquisition	$	53,636	$	53,636	$	—	$	53,636	$	—

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company completed an asset acquisition of software licenses for use in the regular course of business for a purchase price of $66.1 million, which included an upfront payment of $13.3 million and fixed deferred consideration, payable in annual installments, with an acquisition-date fair value of $52.8 million. To estimate fair value, the future payments were discounted to present value using a discount rate based on the estimated borrowing rate of the Company. The weighted average discount rate used to determine the acquisition-date fair value was 5.2%. See Note 14 “Commitments and Contingencies” for more information regarding the deferred consideration.

Non-Marketable Securities Without Readily Determinable Fair Values

The Company holds investments in equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values. These investments are recorded at cost and are remeasured to fair value based on certain observable price changes or impairment events as they occur. The carrying amount of these investments was $31.7 million and $28.4 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and is classified as Other noncurrent assets in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.

6.DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

In the normal course of business, the Company uses derivative financial instruments to manage the risk of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The Company has a hedging program whereby it enters into a series of foreign exchange forward contracts with durations of twelve months or less that are designated as cash flow hedges of forecasted Polish zloty, Indian rupee and Hungarian forint transactions.

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, in response to the invasion of Ukraine, the Company de-designated its Russian ruble foreign exchange forward contracts as hedges and entered into offsetting foreign exchange forward contracts with the same counterparty. The Company determined it was probable the underlying forecasted foreign currency transactions which were hedged would not occur and reclassified the accumulated loss of $43.9 million on the underlying hedges into income which is classified as foreign exchange loss in the condensed consolidated statement of income. As of September 30, 2023, all of the Company’s Russian ruble foreign exchange forwards contracts had settled.

As of September 30, 2023, all of the Company’s foreign exchange forward contracts were designated as hedges and there is no financial collateral (including cash collateral) required to be posted by the Company related to the foreign exchange forward contracts.

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The fair value of derivative instruments on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were as follows:

		As of September 30, 2023				As of December 31, 2022
	Balance Sheet Classification	Asset Derivatives		Liability Derivatives		Asset Derivatives		Liability Derivatives
Foreign exchange forward contracts - Designated as hedging instruments	Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	2,136			$	12,191
	Accrued expenses and other current liabilities			$	5,789			$	1,445
Foreign exchange forward contracts - Not designated as hedging instruments	Accrued expenses and other current liabilities			$	—			$	7,905

7.LEASES

The Company leases office space, corporate apartments, office equipment, and vehicles. Many of the Company’s leases contain variable payments including changes in base rent and charges for common area maintenance or other miscellaneous expenses. Due to this variability, the cash flows associated with these variable payments are not included in the minimum lease payments used in determining the right-of-use assets and associated lease liabilities and are recognized in the period in which the obligation for such payments is incurred. The Company’s leases have remaining lease terms ranging from 0.1 to 8.3 years. Certain lease agreements, mainly for office space, include options to extend or terminate the lease before the expiration date. The Company considers such options when determining the lease term when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. The Company leases and subleases a portion of its office space to third parties. Lease income and sublease income were immaterial for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. See Note 2 “Impact of the Invasion of Ukraine” for discussion of impairment of right-of-use assets in Russia.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the components of lease expense were as follows:

		Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	Income Statement Classification	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease cost	Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	11,592	$	12,204	$	34,725	$	40,303
Variable lease cost	Selling, general and administrative expenses	2,905		2,263		9,941		7,791
Short-term lease cost	Selling, general and administrative expenses	998		916		4,609		3,382
Total lease cost		$	15,495	$	15,383	$	49,275	$	51,476

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows used for operating leases	$	12,383	$	13,024	$	37,628	$	43,490
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	$	3,815	$	6,111	$	10,843	$	30,843
Non-cash net increase/(decrease) due to lease modifications:
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	1,312	$	3,260	$	7,203	$	(2,587)
Operating lease liabilities	$	1,276	$	3,163	$	7,416	$	(3,946)

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Weighted average remaining lease term and discount rate as of September 30, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:

	As of September 30, 2023		As of September 30, 2022
Weighted average remaining lease term, in years:
Operating leases	5.0		5.5
Weighted average discount rate:
Operating leases	3.9	%	2.4	%

As of September 30, 2023, operating lease liabilities will mature as follows:

Year ending December 31,	Lease Payments
2023 (excluding nine months ended September 30, 2023)	$	11,491
2024	41,039
2025	32,609
2026	26,005
2027	16,942
Thereafter	32,083
Total lease payments	160,169
Less: imputed interest	(13,543)
Total	$	146,626

The Company had committed to payments of $12.3 million related to operating lease agreements that had not yet commenced as of September 30, 2023. These operating leases will commence on various dates during 2023 and 2024 with lease terms ranging from 0.2 to 7.3 years. The Company did not have any material finance lease agreements that had not yet commenced.

8.DEBT

Revolving Credit Facility — On October 21, 2021, the Company replaced its 2017 credit facility with a new unsecured credit agreement (the “2021 Credit Agreement”) with PNC Bank, National Association; PNC Capital Markets LLC; Citibank N.A.; Wells Fargo Bank, National Association; Santander Bank, N.A.; and Raiffeisen Bank International AG (collectively the “Lenders”). The 2021 Credit Agreement provides for a revolving credit facility (the “2021 Revolving Facility”) with a borrowing capacity of $700.0 million, with the potential to increase the borrowing capacity up to $1.000 billion if certain conditions are met. The 2021 Credit Agreement matures on October 21, 2026.

Borrowings under the 2021 Revolving Facility may be denominated in U.S. dollars or up to a maximum of $150.0 million equivalent in British pounds sterling, Canadian dollars, euros or Swiss francs and other currencies as may be approved by the administrative agent and the Lenders. Borrowings under the 2021 Revolving Facility bear interest at either a base rate or Euro-rate plus a margin based on the Company’s leverage ratio. The base rate is equal to the highest of (a) the Overnight Bank Funding Rate, plus 0.5%, (b) the Prime Rate, or (c) the Daily Simple SOFR Rate, plus 1.0%, so long as the Daily Simple SOFR Rate is offered, ascertainable and not unlawful.

The 2021 Credit Agreement includes customary business and financial covenants that may restrict the Company’s ability to make or pay dividends (other than certain intercompany dividends) if a potential or an actual event of default has occurred or would be triggered. As of September 30, 2023, the Company was in compliance with all covenants contained in the 2021 Credit Agreement.

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The following table presents the outstanding debt and borrowing capacity of the Company under the 2021 Credit Agreement:

	As of September 30, 2023			As of December 31, 2022
Outstanding debt	$	25,000		$	25,000
Interest rate	6.3		%	5.2		%
Available borrowing capacity	$	675,000		$	675,000
Maximum borrowing capacity	$	700,000		$	700,000

9.COST OPTIMIZATION PROGRAM

During the third quarter ended September 30, 2023 the Company initiated a Cost Optimization Program to streamline operations and optimize corporate functions. This program is expected to include workforce reduction and closure of underutilized facilities.

The Company recorded $7.1 million of expenses during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 which are classified in Selling, general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of income. The Company did not allocate these charges to individual segments as they are not considered by the chief operating decision maker during the review of segment results. Accordingly, such expenses are separately disclosed in our segment reporting as “Other unallocated expenses” (See Note 15 “Segment Information”).

Activity in the Company’s restructuring reserves was as follows:

	Balance at December 31, 2022		Charges		Payments Made		Balance at September 30. 2023
2023 Cost Optimization Program
Employee separation costs	$	—	$	7,116	$	(3,379)	$	3,737
Total	$	—	$	7,116	$	(3,379)	$	3,737

The Company expects to complete all restructuring actions commenced during the three months ended September 30, 2023 by the end of the first quarter of 2024 and to incur additional charges of approximately $15.0 million related primarily to employee severance and facility exit costs. The actual amount and timing of severance and other costs are dependent in part upon local country consultation processes and regulations and may differ from our current expectations and estimates.

10.REVENUES

Disaggregation of Revenues

The following tables present the disaggregation of the Company’s revenues by customer location, including a reconciliation of the disaggregated revenues with the reportable segments (Note 15 “Segment Information”) for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Reportable Segments
	North America		Europe		Russia		Consolidated Revenues
Customer Locations
Americas	$	654,717	$	22,693	$	—	$	677,410
EMEA	29,251		416,986		—		446,237
APAC	786		24,265		—		25,051
CEE	24		1,869		1,545		3,438
Revenues	$	684,778	$	465,813	$	1,545	$	1,152,136

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	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Reportable Segments
	North America		Europe		Russia		Consolidated Revenues
Customer Locations
Americas	$	1,991,871	$	73,797	$	631	$	2,066,299
EMEA	80,252		1,289,007		—		1,369,259
APAC	2,161		73,919		—		76,080
CEE	522		5,679		15,444		21,645
Revenues	$	2,074,806	$	1,442,402	$	16,075	$	3,533,283

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Reportable Segments
	North America		Europe		Russia		Consolidated Revenues
Customer Locations
Americas	$	723,015	$	23,575	$	501	$	747,091
EMEA	22,621		415,595		—		438,216
APAC	1,237		30,139		—		31,376
CEE	1,510		700		8,027		10,237
Revenues	$	748,383	$	470,009	$	8,528	$	1,226,920

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Reportable Segments
	North America		Europe		Russia		Consolidated Revenues
Customer Locations
Americas	$	2,080,752	$	72,351	$	2,393	$	2,155,496
EMEA	70,909		1,212,144		99		1,283,152
APAC	2,813		88,321		—		91,134
CEE	5,277		1,107		57,229		63,613
Revenues	$	2,159,751	$	1,373,923	$	59,721	$	3,593,395

The following tables present the disaggregation of the Company’s revenues by industry vertical, including a reconciliation of the disaggregated revenues with the reportable segments (Note 15 “Segment Information”) for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Reportable Segments
	North America		Europe		Russia		Consolidated Revenues
Industry Verticals
Travel & Consumer	$	115,778	$	146,837	$	342	$	262,957
Financial Services	131,499		114,122		814		246,435
Business Information & Media	104,863		78,983		15		183,861
Software & Hi-Tech	136,520		37,545		281		174,346
Life Sciences & Healthcare	109,137		15,143		(36)		124,244
Emerging Verticals	86,981		73,183		129		160,293
Revenues	$	684,778	$	465,813	$	1,545	$	1,152,136

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	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Reportable Segments
	North America		Europe		Russia		Consolidated Revenues
Industry Verticals
Travel & Consumer	$	359,475	$	451,531	$	3,770	$	814,776
Financial Services	410,527		358,091		7,450		776,068
Business Information & Media	327,378		248,351		196		575,925
Software & Hi-Tech	422,073		115,137		1,545		538,755
Life Sciences & Healthcare	305,700		44,123		120		349,943
Emerging Verticals	249,653		225,169		2,994		477,816
Revenues	$	2,074,806	$	1,442,402	$	16,075	$	3,533,283

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Reportable Segments
	North America		Europe		Russia		Consolidated Revenues
Industry Verticals
Travel & Consumer	$	131,181	$	147,271	$	1,950	$	280,402
Financial Services	134,673		115,372		4,741		254,786
Business Information & Media	121,703		87,028		167		208,898
Software & Hi-Tech	170,818		34,513		59		205,390
Life Sciences & Healthcare	116,878		12,569		228		129,675
Emerging Verticals	73,130		73,256		1,383		147,769
Revenues	$	748,383	$	470,009	$	8,528	$	1,226,920

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Reportable Segments
	North America		Europe		Russia		Consolidated Revenues
Industry Verticals
Travel & Consumer	$	384,360	$	424,140	$	13,539	$	822,039
Financial Services	381,887		345,468		38,477		765,832
Business Information & Media	346,675		253,610		786		601,071
Software & Hi-Tech	488,134		100,814		1,248		590,196
Life Sciences & Healthcare	344,148		37,378		444		381,970
Emerging Verticals	214,547		212,513		5,227		432,287
Revenues	$	2,159,751	$	1,373,923	$	59,721	$	3,593,395

The following tables present the disaggregation of the Company’s revenues by contract type including a reconciliation of the disaggregated revenues with the Company’s reportable segments (Note 15 “Segment Information”) for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Reportable Segments
	North America		Europe		Russia		Consolidated Revenues
Contract Types
Time-and-material	$	602,765	$	391,479	$	1,355	$	995,599
Fixed-price	73,640		73,226		190		147,056
Licensing and other revenues	8,373		1,108		—		9,481
Revenues	$	684,778	$	465,813	$	1,545	$	1,152,136

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	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Reportable Segments
	North America		Europe		Russia		Consolidated Revenues
Contract Types
Time-and-material	$	1,854,159	$	1,233,271	$	11,168	$	3,098,598
Fixed-price	202,144		205,897		4,873		412,914
Licensing and other revenues	18,503		3,234		34		21,771
Revenues	$	2,074,806	$	1,442,402	$	16,075	$	3,533,283

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Reportable Segments
	North America		Europe		Russia		Consolidated Revenues
Contract Types
Time-and-material	$	673,927	$	405,030	$	5,887	$	1,084,844
Fixed-price	69,565		64,426		2,424		136,415
Licensing and other revenues	4,891		553		217		5,661
Revenues	$	748,383	$	470,009	$	8,528	$	1,226,920

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Reportable Segments
	North America		Europe		Russia		Consolidated Revenues
Contract Types
Time-and-material	$	1,955,361	$	1,172,981	$	39,226	$	3,167,568
Fixed-price	192,322		198,641		20,195		411,158
Licensing and other revenues	12,068		2,301		300		14,669
Revenues	$	2,159,751	$	1,373,923	$	59,721	$	3,593,395

Timing of Revenue Recognition

The following tables present the timing of revenue recognition reconciled with the Company’s reportable segments (Note 15 “Segment Information”) for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Reportable Segments
	North America		Europe		Russia		Consolidated Revenues
Timing of Revenue Recognition
Transferred over time	$	682,410	$	465,286	$	1,545	$	1,149,241
Transferred at a point of time	2,368		527		—		2,895
Revenues	$	684,778	$	465,813	$	1,545	$	1,152,136

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Reportable Segments
	North America		Europe		Russia		Consolidated Revenues
Timing of Revenue Recognition
Transferred over time	$	2,066,081	$	1,440,682	$	16,042	$	3,522,805
Transferred at a point of time	8,725		1,720		33		10,478
Revenues	$	2,074,806	$	1,442,402	$	16,075	$	3,533,283

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	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Reportable Segments
	North America		Europe		Russia		Consolidated Revenues
Timing of Revenue Recognition
Transferred over time	$	746,352	$	468,118	$	8,316	$	1,222,786
Transferred at a point of time	2,031		1,891		212		4,134
Revenues	$	748,383	$	470,009	$	8,528	$	1,226,920

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Reportable Segments
	North America		Europe		Russia		Consolidated Revenues
Timing of Revenue Recognition
Transferred over time	$	2,153,772	$	1,371,390	$	59,447	$	3,584,609
Transferred at a point of time	5,979		2,533		274		8,786
Revenues	$	2,159,751	$	1,373,923	$	59,721	$	3,593,395

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized $9.2 million and $7.1 million, respectively, of revenues from performance obligations satisfied in previous periods compared to $12.3 million and $7.2 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.

The following table includes the estimated revenues expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are partially or fully unsatisfied as of September 30, 2023. The Company applies a practical expedient and does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts (i) that have an original expected duration of one year or less and (ii) for which it recognizes revenues at the amount to which it has the right to invoice for services provided.

	Less than 1 year		1 Year		2 Years		3 Years		Total
Contract Type
Fixed-price	$	12,016	$	2,930	$	931	$	—	$	15,877

The Company applies a practical expedient and does not disclose the amount of the transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations nor provide an explanation of when the Company expects to recognize that amount as revenue for certain variable consideration.

Contract Balances

The following table provides information on the classification of contract assets and liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	As of September 30, 2023		As of December 31, 2022
Contract assets included in Trade receivables and contract assets, net	$	29,331	$	11,490
Contract liabilities included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	26,904	$	36,036
Contract liabilities included in Other noncurrent liabilities	$	630	$	42

Contract assets comprise amounts where the Company’s right to bill is contingent on something other than the passage of time such as achievement of contractual milestones. Contract assets have increased from December 31, 2022 primarily due to contracts where the Company’s right to bill is contingent upon achievement of contractual milestones. Contract liabilities comprise amounts collected from the Company’s customers for revenues not yet earned and such amounts are anticipated to be recorded as revenues when services are performed in subsequent periods. Contract liabilities have decreased from December 31, 2022 primarily due to completion of services performed for customers during the first nine months of 2023.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized $3.1 million and $27.4 million, respectively, of revenues that were included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities at December 31, 2022. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recognized $2.0 million and $34.0 million, respectively, of revenues that were included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities at December 31, 2021.

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11.STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Stock-Based Compensation

The following table summarizes the components of stock-based compensation expense recognized in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of income for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	$	18,142	$	17,474	$	49,569	$	31,782
Selling, general and administrative expenses	19,705		15,813		59,967		36,510
Total	$	37,847	$	33,287	$	109,536	$	68,292

Stock Options

Stock option activity under the Company’s plans is set forth below:

	Number of Options	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Aggregate Intrinsic Value		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)
Options outstanding at January 1, 2023	1,923	$	98.92
Options granted	114	$	295.73
Options exercised	(292)	$	34.59
Options forfeited	(3)	$	304.41
Options expired	(4)	$	332.74
Options outstanding at September 30, 2023	1,738	$	121.77	$	253,440	3.5
Options vested and exercisable as of September 30, 2023	1,452	$	88.07	$	250,628	2.5
Options expected to vest as of September 30, 2023	270	$	292.64	$	2,739	8.5

As of September 30, 2023, $26.5 million of total remaining unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to unvested stock options, net of estimated forfeitures, is expected to be recognized over the weighted-average remaining requisite service period of 2.3 years.

Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units

Service-Based Awards

The table below summarizes activity related to the Company’s equity-classified and liability-classified service-based awards for the nine months ended September 30, 2023:

	Equity-Classified Equity-Settled Restricted Stock Units			Liability-Classified Cash-Settled Restricted Stock Units
	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share		Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Unvested service-based awards outstanding at January 1, 2023	916	$	291.19	99	$	257.74
Awards granted	502	$	296.40	36	$	299.00
Awards modified	(15)	$	278.52	15	$	305.59
Awards vested	(305)	$	270.64	(44)	$	239.75
Awards forfeited/cancelled	(67)	$	306.98	(4)	$	244.87
Unvested service-based awards outstanding at September 30, 2023	1,031	$	298.95	102	$	287.41

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As of September 30, 2023, $225.8 million of total remaining unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to service-based equity-classified restricted stock units (“RSUs”), net of estimated forfeitures, is expected to be recognized over the weighted-average remaining requisite service period of 2.7 years.

As of September 30, 2023, $19.3 million of total remaining unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to service-based liability-classified cash-settled RSUs, net of estimated forfeitures, is expected to be recognized over the weighted-average remaining requisite service period of 2.5 years.

The liability associated with the service-based liability-classified RSUs as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, was $4.4 million and $10.2 million, respectively, and was classified as Accrued compensation and benefits expenses in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Performance-Based Awards

The table below summarizes activity related to the Company’s equity-classified performance-based awards for the nine months ended September 30, 2023:

	Equity-Classified Equity-Settled Restricted Stock			Equity-Classified Equity-Settled Restricted Stock Units
	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share		Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Unvested performance-based awards outstanding at January 1, 2023	9	$	165.87	15	$	412.60
Awards vested	(9)	$	165.87	(1)	$	438.26
Awards forfeited/cancelled	—	—		(1)	$	363.93
Unvested performance-based awards outstanding at September 30, 2023	—	$	—	13	$	413.14

As of September 30, 2023, $2.4 million of total remaining unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to performance-based equity-classified RSUs is expected to be recognized over the weighted-average remaining requisite service period of 2.2 years.

2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP") enables eligible employees to purchase shares of EPAM’s common stock at a discount at the end of each designated offering period, which occurs every six months in April and November. The purchase price is equal to 85% of the fair market value of a share of EPAM’s common stock on the first date of an offering or the date of purchase, whichever is lower. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the ESPP participants purchased 77 thousand shares of common stock under the ESPP. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the ESPP participants purchased 55 thousand shares of common stock under the ESPP.

The Company recognizes compensation expense related to share issuances pursuant to the ESPP on a straight-line basis over the six-month offering period. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized $3.1 million and $9.7 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense related to the ESPP. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recognized $4.7 million and $10.0 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense related to the ESPP. As of September 30, 2023, total unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to the ESPP was $1.1 million, which is expected to be recognized over a period of 0.1 years.

Commitments for Future Equity Awards

In connection with the Company’s acquisitions of businesses as discussed in Note 3 “Acquisitions”, EPAM enters into agreements that contractually commit it to granting equity awards at future dates. The agreements are unique to each acquisition and terms vary to specify the number of future awards to be issued or a monetary value that will be settled with equity awards valued at future stock prices.

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As of September 30, 2023, the Company has commitments to grant up to $25.4 million of equity awards with the number of awards to be determined based on future stock prices. These awards contain performance criteria that will determine the number of future awards to be issued and there is a service-based vesting requirement after the grant date associated with these awards. As these awards are considered granted for accounting purposes, in determining the expense, the Company adjusts the expected settlement based on the probability of achievement of the performance criteria. Related to these awards, the amount of stock-based compensation expense recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of income for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was not material.

Share Repurchases

On February 13, 2023, the Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program for up to $500.0 million of the Company's outstanding common stock. EPAM may repurchase shares of its common stock on a discretionary basis from time to time through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or other means, including through the use of trading plans intended to qualify under Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The timing and total amount of stock repurchases will depend upon business, economic and market conditions, corporate and regulatory requirements, prevailing stock prices, and other considerations. The share repurchase program has a term of 24 months, may be suspended or discontinued at any time, and does not obligate the company to acquire any amount of common stock.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company repurchased 318 thousand and 543 thousand shares of its common stock for $78.5 million and $128.4 million, respectively, in cash. All of the repurchased shares have been retired. As of September 30, 2023, a remaining balance of $371.6 million was available for purchases of the Company’s common stock under the share repurchase program authorized by the Company’s Board of Directors.

12.INCOME TAXES

In determining its interim provision for income taxes, the Company uses an estimated annual effective tax rate, which is based on expected annual profit before tax, statutory tax rates and tax planning opportunities available in the various jurisdictions in which the Company operates. Certain significant or unusual items are separately recognized in the quarter in which they occur and can be a source of variability in the effective tax rates from quarter to quarter.

The Company’s worldwide effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was 26.3% and 18.4%, respectively, and 21.9% and 13.6% during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate benefited from excess tax benefits recorded upon vesting or exercise of stock-based awards of $1.7 million and $10.9 million during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $15.1 million and $31.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Additionally, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company’s effective tax rate benefited from the recognition of one-time benefits of $1.3 million and $8.5 million, respectively, resulting from the Company’s decision to change the tax status and to classify certain of its foreign subsidiaries as disregarded entities for U.S. income tax purposes. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company’s effective tax rate increased due to a $3.6 million charge in the third quarter associated with the completion of EPAM’s exit from Russia.

13.EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. For purposes of computing basic earnings per share, any unvested shares of restricted stock that have been issued by the Company and are contingently returnable to the Company are excluded from the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period increased to include the number of additional shares of common stock that would have been outstanding if the potentially dilutive securities had been issued. Potentially dilutive securities include outstanding stock options, unvested restricted stock, unvested equity-settled RSUs and the stock to be issued under the Company’s ESPP. The dilutive effect of potentially dilutive securities is reflected in diluted earnings per share by application of the treasury stock method.

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The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share of common stock as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share:
Net income	$	97,204	$	156,054	$	319,529	$	264,377
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share	$	97,204	$	156,054	$	319,529	$	264,377
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares for basic earnings per share	57,853		57,420		57,850		57,194
Net effect of dilutive stock options, restricted stock units, restricted stock awards and stock issuable under the ESPP	1,095		1,937		1,293		1,914
Weighted average common shares for diluted earnings per share	58,948		59,357		59,143		59,108
Net income per share:
Basic	$	1.68	$	2.72	$	5.52	$	4.62
Diluted	$	1.65	$	2.63	$	5.40	$	4.47

The number of shares underlying equity-based awards that were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share as their effect would be anti-dilutive was 452 thousand and 410 thousand during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

The number of shares underlying equity-based awards that were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share as their effect would be anti-dilutive was 158 thousand and 252 thousand during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.

14.COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Indemnification Obligations — In the normal course of business, the Company is a party to a variety of agreements under which it may be obligated to indemnify the other party for certain matters. These obligations typically arise in contracts where the Company customarily agrees to hold the other party harmless against losses arising from a breach of representations or covenants for certain matters, infringement of third-party intellectual property rights, data privacy violations, and certain tortious conduct in the course of providing services. The duration of these indemnifications varies, and in certain cases, is indefinite.

The Company is unable to reasonably estimate the maximum potential amount of future payments under these or similar agreements due to the unique facts and circumstances of each agreement and the fact that certain indemnifications provide for no limitation to the maximum potential future payments under the indemnification. Management is not aware of any such matters that would have a material effect on the condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company.

Litigation — From time to time, the Company is involved in litigation, claims or other contingencies arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company accrues a liability when a loss is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. When a material loss contingency is reasonably possible but not probable, the Company does not record a liability, but instead discloses the nature and the amount of the claim, and an estimate of the loss or range of loss, if such an estimate can be made. Legal fees are expensed as incurred. In the opinion of management, the outcome of any existing claims and legal or regulatory proceedings, if decided adversely, is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Ukraine Humanitarian Commitment — On March 4, 2022, EPAM announced that it has established a $100.0 million humanitarian commitment to support its employees in Ukraine and their families. See Note 2 “Impact of the Invasion of Ukraine” for more information regarding commitments to humanitarian aid for Ukraine.

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Deferred Consideration — During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company purchased software licenses for use in the regular course of business in exchange for an upfront payment and fixed, future annual payments due over the next 4 years. As of September 30, 2023, the undiscounted deferred consideration amounts owed totaled approximately $60.0 million and are expected to be paid as follows: $14.2 million during the remainder of 2023, $14.0 million in 2024, $15.1 million in 2025, and $16.7 million in 2026.

Contractual Commitment — On March 31, 2023, the Company entered into a 5-year agreement for cloud services through which it committed to spending at least $75.0 million over the term of the agreement. The Company has the ability to cancel the commitment whereby it would incur a cancellation penalty of 20% of the remaining contractual commitment.

15.SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company determines its business segments and reports segment information in accordance with how the Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) organizes the segments to evaluate performance, allocate resources and make business decisions. Segment results are based on the segment’s revenues and operating profit, where segment operating profit is defined as income from operations before unallocated costs. Expenses included in segment operating profit consist principally of direct selling and delivery costs as well as an allocation of certain shared services expenses. Certain corporate expenses are not allocated to specific segments as these expenses are not controllable at the segment level. Such expenses include certain types of professional fees, certain taxes included in operating expenses, compensation to non-employee directors and certain other general and administrative expenses, including compensation of specific groups of non-production employees. In addition, the Company does not allocate amortization of intangible assets acquired through business combinations, goodwill and other asset impairment charges, stock-based compensation expenses, acquisition-related costs and certain other one-time charges and benefits. These unallocated amounts are combined with total segment operating profit to arrive at consolidated income from operations as reported below in the reconciliation of segment operating profit to consolidated income before provision for income taxes. Additionally, management has determined that it is not practical to allocate identifiable assets by segment since such assets are used interchangeably among the segments.

The Company manages its business primarily based on the managerial responsibility for its client base and market. As managerial responsibility for a particular customer relationship generally correlates with the customer’s geographic location, there is a high degree of similarity between customer locations and the geographic boundaries of the Company’s reportable segments. In some cases, managerial responsibility for a particular customer is assigned to a management team in another region and is usually based on the strength of the relationship between customer executives and particular members of EPAM’s senior management team. In such cases, the customer’s activity would be reported through the management team’s reportable segment.

On July 26, 2023, the Company completed the sale of its remaining holdings in Russia to a third party. As a result of this sale, the Company no longer has operations associated with this segment. See Note 2 “Impact of the Invasion of Ukraine” for more information.

Revenues from external customers and operating profit/(loss), before unallocated expenses, by reportable segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Segment revenues:
North America	$	684,778	$	748,383	$	2,074,806	$	2,159,751
Europe	465,813		470,009		1,442,402		1,373,923
Russia	1,545		8,528		16,075		59,721
Total segment revenues	$	1,152,136	$	1,226,920	$	3,533,283	$	3,593,395
Segment operating profit/(loss):
North America	$	132,438	$	175,845	$	386,929	$	429,999
Europe	64,074		64,813		188,779		156,920
Russia	(118)		1,507		(5,866)		(16,315)
Total segment operating profit	$	196,394	$	242,165	$	569,842	$	570,604

Intersegment transactions were excluded from the above on the basis that they are neither included in the measure of a segment’s profit and loss results, nor considered by the CODM during the review of segment results.

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There were no customers that accounted for more than 10% of total segment revenues during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

Reconciliation of segment operating profit to consolidated income before provision for income taxes is presented below:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Total segment operating profit:	$	196,394	$	242,165	$	569,842	$	570,604
Unallocated amounts:
Stock-based compensation expense	(37,847)		(33,287)		(109,536)		(68,292)
Amortization of intangibles assets	(5,688)		(5,584)		(16,708)		(16,584)
Other acquisition-related expenses	(867)		(265)		(2,448)		(934)
Loss on sale of business	(25,922)		—		(25,922)		—
Other unallocated expenses	(12,042)		(22,802)		(36,483)		(82,305)
Income from operations	114,028		180,227		378,745		402,489
Interest and other income, net	13,931		4,228		37,162		5,642
Foreign exchange gain/(loss)	3,893		6,691		(6,725)		(102,035)
Income before provision for income taxes	$	131,852	$	191,146	$	409,182	$	306,096

Geographic Area Information

Long-lived assets presented in the table below include property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization, and management has determined that it is not practical to allocate these assets by segment since such assets are used interchangeably among the segments. Physical locations and values of the Company’s long-lived assets are presented below:

	As of September 30, 2023		As of December 31, 2022
Ukraine	$	65,277	$	70,183
United States	56,995		68,804
Belarus	51,761		57,311
Poland	12,213		14,685
India	6,856		8,506
Hungary	6,752		8,552
Other	39,800		45,307
Total	$	239,654	$	273,348

See Note 2 “Impact of the Invasion of Ukraine” for more information regarding the Company’s decisions to no longer serve customers in Russia, impairment of long-lived assets in Russia and the sale of its holdings in Russia.

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The table below presents information about the Company’s revenues by customer location for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
United States	$	652,757	$	715,314	$	1,981,816	$	2,059,293
United Kingdom	140,718		160,683		448,526		463,610
Switzerland	91,504		76,191		270,862		237,247
Netherlands	59,020		56,996		176,528		158,054
Germany	44,843		40,116		132,606		116,379
Canada	21,808		29,145		76,125		87,985
Russia	1,545		8,013		13,290		56,692
Other locations	139,941		140,462		433,530		414,135
Total	$	1,152,136	$	1,226,920	$	3,533,283	$	3,593,395

16.ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

The following table summarizes the changes in the accumulated balances for each component of accumulated other comprehensive loss:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Foreign currency translation
Beginning balance	$	(81,158)	$	(68,469)	$	(101,780)	$	(52,747)
Foreign currency translation	(33,292)		(69,674)		(9,231)		(82,812)
Net loss reclassified into Loss on sale of business	23,931		—		23,931		—
Income tax benefit	3,560		12,751		121		10,167
Foreign currency translation, net of tax	(5,801)		(56,923)		14,821		(72,645)
Ending balance	$	(86,959)	$	(125,392)	$	(86,959)	$	(125,392)
Cash flow hedging instruments
Beginning balance	$	10,920	$	(9,845)	$	8,306	$	(3,417)
Unrealized (loss)/ gain in fair value	(8,805)		(15,222)		7,028		(72,827)
Net (gain)/ loss reclassified into Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	(8,764)		8,186		(21,248)		13,647
Net (gain)/ loss reclassified into Foreign exchange loss	(211)		112		(178)		43,940
Income tax benefit	4,036		1,572		3,268		3,460
Cash flow hedging instruments, net of tax	(13,744)		(5,352)		(11,130)		(11,780)
Ending balance(1)	$	(2,824)	$	(15,197)	$	(2,824)	$	(15,197)
Defined benefit plans
Beginning balance	$	(1,847)	$	1,957	$	(1,847)	$	1,957
Ending balance	$	(1,847)	$	1,957	$	(1,847)	$	1,957
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	(91,630)	$	(138,632)	$	(91,630)	$	(138,632)

(1) As of September 30, 2023, the ending balance of net unrealized loss related to derivatives designated as cash flow hedges is expected to be reclassified into Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) in the next twelve months.     

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 and the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this quarterly report. In addition to historical information, this discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from management’s expectations. Factors that could cause such differences are discussed in the sections entitled “Forward-Looking Statements” in this item and in “Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. We assume no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements.

In this quarterly report, “EPAM,” “EPAM Systems, Inc.,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to EPAM Systems, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

“EPAM” is a trademark of EPAM Systems, Inc. All other trademarks and service marks used herein are the property of their respective owners.

Executive Summary

We are a leading digital transformation services and product engineering company, providing digital platform engineering and software development services to many of the world’s leading organizations.

We deliver business and technology transformation from start to finish, leveraging agile methodologies, proven customer collaboration frameworks, engineering excellence tools, hybrid teams and our award-winning proprietary global delivery platform. We leverage our software engineering heritage with strategic business and innovation consulting, design thinking, and physical-digital capabilities to deliver real business value to our customers. Our customers depend on us to solve their complex technical challenges and rely on our expertise in core engineering, advanced technology, digital design and intelligent enterprise development. We focus on building long-term partnerships with our customers in a market that is constantly challenged by the pressures of digitization through our innovative strategy and scalable software solutions, integrated advisory, business consulting and experience design, and a continually evolving mix of advanced capabilities. Through increased specialization in focused verticals and a continued emphasis on strategic partnerships, we are leveraging our roots in software engineering to grow as a recognized brand in software development and end-to-end digital transformation services for our customers.

Our global delivery model and centralized support functions, combined with the benefits of scale from the shared use of fixed-cost resources, enhance our productivity levels and enable us to better manage the efficiency of our global operations. As a result, we have created a delivery base whereby our applications, tools, methodologies and infrastructure allow us to seamlessly deliver services and solutions from our delivery centers to global customers across all geographies. Our teams of developers, architects, consultants, strategists, engineers, designers, and product experts have the capabilities and skill sets to deliver business results.

Business Update Regarding the War in Ukraine

On February 24, 2022, Russian forces attacked Ukraine and its people and EPAM has repeatedly called for an immediate end to this unlawful and unconscionable attack. EPAM’s highest priority is the safety and security of its employees and their families in Ukraine as well as the broader region, and we have continued to support relocating our employees to lower risk locations, both in Ukraine and to other countries where we operate. The vast majority of our Ukraine employees are in safe locations and operating at levels of productivity consistent with those achieved prior to the attack. As of September 30, 2023, Ukraine remains the delivery location with the most delivery professionals. Furthermore, we have maintained our $100 million humanitarian aid commitment to our people in Ukraine in addition to our other donations and volunteer efforts.

Prior to the attack in February 2022, Russia was our third largest delivery location by the number of delivery professionals. In April 2022, the Company announced the beginning of a phased exit of our operations in Russia in close collaboration with our employees, contractors, and customers. We have discontinued services to certain customers located in Russia and on July 26, 2023, we completed the sale of our remaining holdings in Russia to a third party.

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The impact of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine on our operations, personnel, and physical assets in Ukraine has had, and, along with any escalation of the war that includes Belarus’ territory or military, could continue to have a material adverse effect on our operations. Actions taken by other countries, including new and stricter sanctions by Canada, the United Kingdom, the European Union, the U.S. and other companies and organizations against officials, individuals, regions, and industries in Belarus, and Belarus’ responses to those sanctions, including counter-sanctions and other actions, have had and could continue to have a material adverse effect on our operations. Customers have and may continue to seek altered terms, conditions, and delivery locations for the performance of services, delay planned work or seek services from alternate providers, or suspend, terminate, fail to renew, or reduce existing contracts or services, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition. Some of our customers have implemented steps to block internet communications with Ukraine and Belarus to protect against potential cyberattacks or other information security threats, which has caused a material adverse effect on our ability to deliver our services to these customers from those locations. Such material adverse effects disrupt our delivery of services, cause us to shift all or portions of our work occurring in the region to other countries, restrict our ability to engage in certain projects in the region and serve certain customers in or from the region, and could negatively impact our personnel, operations, financial results and business outlook. Our Board of Directors continues its oversight of our strategic, geopolitical, and cybersecurity risks and the risks related to our geographic expansion. Our Board has received updates from management during both regular and special meetings, while also providing oversight of the risks associated with Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and other strategic areas of importance related to the war.

Moving Forward

We continue to execute our business continuity plans and adapt to developments as they occur to protect the safety of our people and address impacts to our delivery infrastructure, including reallocating work to other geographies within our global footprint. We have engaged both our personnel and our customers to meet their needs and to mitigate delivery challenges. EPAM continues to operate productively in more than 50 countries and provides consistent high-quality delivery to our customers. Our global delivery centers have sufficient resources, including infrastructure and capital, to support ongoing operations. We continue to rapidly respond to the difficult conditions in Ukraine while maintaining a focus on customers and long-term growth.

Implementation and execution of our business continuity plans, relocation costs, our humanitarian commitment to our people in Ukraine, and the cost of our phased exit from Russia resulted in materially increased expenses during 2022 and these expenses continue to be incurred in the first nine months of 2023. We expect some of those expenses will continue to occur in subsequent quarters for some time in the future.

We have no way to predict the progress or outcome of the war in Ukraine because the conflict and government reactions change quickly and are beyond our control. Prolonged military activities, broad-based sanctions and counter-sanctions, or escalation of the war that includes Belarus’ territory or military could have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial condition. The information contained in this section is accurate as of the date hereof but may become outdated due to changing circumstances beyond our control or present awareness. For additional information on the various risks posed by the attack against Ukraine and the impact in the region as well as other disruptors to our business, please read “Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 and “Part II. Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this quarterly report.

Year-to-Date 2023 Developments and Trends

Our business was disrupted by the war in Ukraine that began in the latter part of the first quarter of 2022 and has continued to create uncertainties through September 30, 2023 and beyond. In addition, our business and operating results were negatively impacted in the first nine months of 2023 by reduced demand for our services as our customers took action to reduce spending in light of the anticipated global slowdown in economic activity. For the first nine months of 2023, our revenues were $3.533 billion, a decrease of 1.7% from $3.593 billion reported for the same period of 2022. Income from operations as a percentage of revenues decreased to 10.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to 11.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, largely driven by an increase in compensation and benefits costs including stock-based compensation expense and recognition of a $25.9 million loss from the sale of the Russia business, partially offset by lower variable compensation expense and a decrease in expenses associated with the geographic repositioning of our workforce and humanitarian efforts for Ukraine.

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Critical Accounting Policies

The discussion and analysis of our financial position and results of operations is based on our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and judgments that may affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On a recurring basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue recognition and related allowances, impairments of long-lived assets including intangible assets, goodwill and right-of-use assets, income taxes including the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, and stock-based compensation. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions. In addition, our reported financial condition and results of operations could vary due to a change in the application of a particular accounting standard.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, there have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies as reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth a summary of our consolidated results of operations for the periods indicated. This information should be read together with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this quarterly report. The operating results in any period are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period.

	Three Months Ended September 30,										Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023					2022					2023					2022
	(in thousands, except percentages and per share data)
Revenues	$	1,152,136		100.0	%	$	1,226,920		100.0	%	$	3,533,283		100.0	%	$	3,593,395		100.0	%
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)(1)	794,265			68.9	%	826,796			67.4	%	2,458,881			69.6	%	2,453,955			68.3	%
Selling, general and administrative expenses(2)	194,829			16.9	%	198,021			16.1	%	601,093			17.0	%	667,825			18.6	%
Depreciation and amortization expense	23,092			2.0	%	21,876			1.8	%	68,642			2.0	%	69,126			1.9	%
Loss on sale of business	25,922			2.3	%	—			—	%	25,922			0.7	%	—			—	%
Income from operations	114,028			9.9	%	180,227			14.7	%	378,745			10.7	%	402,489			11.2	%
Interest and other income, net	13,931			1.2	%	4,228			0.4	%	37,162			1.1	%	5,642			0.1	%
Foreign exchange gain/(loss)	3,893			0.3	%	6,691			0.5	%	(6,725)			(0.2)	%	(102,035)			(2.8)	%
Income before provision for income taxes	131,852			11.4	%	191,146			15.6	%	409,182			11.6	%	306,096			8.5	%
Provision for income taxes	34,648			3.0	%	35,092			2.9	%	89,653			2.6	%	41,719			1.1	%
Net income	$	97,204		8.4	%	$	156,054		12.7	%	$	319,529		9.0	%	$	264,377		7.4	%
Effective tax rate	26.3		%			18.4		%			21.9		%			13.6		%
Diluted earnings per share	$	1.65				$	2.63				$	5.40				$	4.47

(1)Includes $18,142 and $17,474 of stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $49,569 and $31,782 of stock-based compensation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

(2)Includes $19,705 and $15,813 of stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $59,967 and $36,510 of stock-based compensation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

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Consolidated Results Review

Revenues

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, our total revenues decreased by 6.1% to $1.152 billion compared to the corresponding period in 2022. Revenues have been negatively impacted by reduced demand for our services as our customers took action to reduce spending in light of the anticipated global slowdown in economic activity and the sale of our remaining holdings in Russia, and positively impacted by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates which offset our revenue decline by 1.9% during the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the same period last year.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, our total revenues decreased 1.7% over the corresponding period in 2022. The first nine months of 2023 were negatively impacted by reduced demand for our services as our customers took action to reduce spending in light of the anticipated global slowdown in economic activity and our decision to exit Russia and discontinue services to customers there, and positively impacted by growth during the first three months of 2023 and fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates which offset our revenue decline by 0.4% as compared to the same period last year.

Revenues by customer location for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023				2022				2023				2022
	(in thousands, except percentages)								(in thousands, except percentages)
Americas(1)	$	677,410	58.8	%	$	747,091	60.9	%	$	2,066,299	58.4	%	$	2,155,496	60.0	%
EMEA(2)	446,237		38.7	%	438,216		35.7	%	1,369,259		38.8	%	1,283,152		35.7	%
APAC(3)	25,051		2.2	%	31,376		2.6	%	76,080		2.2	%	91,134		2.5	%
CEE(4)	3,438		0.3	%	10,237		0.8	%	21,645		0.6	%	63,613		1.8	%
Revenues	$	1,152,136	100.0	%	$	1,226,920	100.0	%	$	3,533,283	100.0	%	$	3,593,395	100.0	%

(1)Americas includes revenues from customers in North, Central and South America.

(2)EMEA includes revenues from customers in Western Europe and the Middle East.

(3)APAC includes revenues from customers in East Asia, Southeast Asia and Australia.

(4)CEE includes revenues from customers in Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Russia, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. On July 26, 2023, the Company completed the sale of its remaining holdings in Russia to a third-party.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the United States continued to be our largest customer location. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, revenues in the United States decreased 8.7% to $652.8 million from $715.3 million in the third quarter of 2022, largely due to a ramp down initiated in the fourth quarter of 2022 of a large transformation program at a customer that was previously in our top 10 customers as well as reduced spending at certain other large accounts and generally slower growth in revenues across a range of customers in the geography. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, revenues in the United States decreased 3.8% to $1.982 billion compared to $2.059 billion in the same period of the prior year, largely driven by a ramp down initiated in the fourth quarter of 2022 of a large transformation program at a customer that was previously in our top 10 customers as well as reduced spending at certain other large accounts and reduced demand for our services as our customers took action to reduce spending in light of the anticipated global slowdown in economic activity.

The top three revenue contributing customer location countries in EMEA were the United Kingdom, Switzerland and the Netherlands, generating $140.7 million, $91.5 million and $59.0 million in revenues, respectively, during the three months ended September 30, 2023. Revenues from customers in these three countries were $160.7 million, $76.2 million, and $57.0 million, respectively, in the corresponding period last year. Revenues in the EMEA region were positively impacted by the strengthening of the euro, the British pound and Swiss franc relative to the U.S. dollar during the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the same period in the previous year.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the United Kingdom, Switzerland and the Netherlands performed as EMEA’s top revenue generating locations and contributed $448.5 million, $270.9 million, and $176.5 million, respectively, compared to $463.6 million, $237.2 million, and $158.1 million, respectively, in the corresponding period last year. Revenues in the EMEA region were positively impacted by the strengthening of the euro, Swiss franc and the British pound relative to the U.S. dollar during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the same period in the previous year.

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During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, revenues from customers in the APAC region decreased by $6.3 million or 20.2% and $15.1 million or 16.5% compared to the corresponding periods of 2022, mainly due to decline in the Financial Services vertical.

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, revenues in the CEE geography experienced a decrease of $6.8 million as compared to the corresponding period of 2022. Revenues in the region during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 included $1.5 million and $13.3 million of revenues from customers in Russia, respectively. On March 4, 2022, we announced our decision to discontinue our services to customers located in Russia and on July 26, 2023, we completed the sale of our remaining holdings in Russia to a third-party. During this time, we have been providing transition support for customers in this market while pursuing the sale and as a result of this sale, the revenues from this geography are expected to dissipate in the future.

Cost of Revenues (Exclusive of Depreciation and Amortization)

The principal components of our cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) are salaries, bonuses, fringe benefits, stock-based compensation, project-related travel costs and fees for subcontractors who are assigned to customer projects. Salaries and other compensation expenses of our delivery professionals are reported as cost of revenues regardless of whether the employees are actually performing customer services during a given period. Our employees are a critical asset, necessary for our continued success and, therefore, we are continuously exploring new geographies, markets, and sources to locate talented personnel and present them with competitive compensation programs and educational opportunities.

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) was $794.3 million representing a decrease of 3.9% from $826.8 million in the corresponding period of 2022. The decrease was primarily due to lower compensation and benefits costs, attributable to a 10.0% decrease in the average number of production professionals and reduced variable compensation expense attributable to the lower level of financial performance expected for the year, and a reduction of $1.0 million for unbilled business continuity resources, partially offset by higher compensation and benefits costs, attributable to salary increases and promotions for existing delivery professionals as well as higher compensation and benefits costs resulting from the relocation of employees to higher cost geographies. Expressed as a percentage of revenues, cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) was 68.9% and 67.4% in the third quarter of 2023 and 2022, respectively. The year-over-year increase in the third quarter of 2023 as compared to the corresponding period of the prior year is primarily due to lower utilization attributable to uneven demand for our services and compensation and benefits costs being a higher percentage of our revenues due to the ongoing transition of customer work to higher cost geographies.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) was $2.459 billion representing an increase of 0.2% from $2.454 billion in the corresponding period of 2022. The increase was primarily due to higher compensation and benefits costs, attributable to salary increases and promotions for existing delivery professionals as well as due to the relocation of employees to higher cost geographies, $17.8 million of higher stock-based compensation expenses and the reversal of $21.4 million of previously accrued discretionary compensation expenses in the first quarter of 2022. The increases were partially offset by a decrease of $17.0 million of incremental costs associated with our humanitarian efforts for Ukraine, a decrease of $3.4 million of unbilled business continuity resources and reduced variable compensation expense attributable to the lower level of financial performance expected for the year. Expressed as a percentage of revenues, cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) was 69.6% and 68.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The year-over-year increase is primarily due to lower utilization attributable to uneven demand for our services, the ongoing transition of customer work to higher cost geographies, a higher level of stock-based compensation expense, as well as a reversal of previously accrued discretionary compensation expenses in the first quarter of 2022.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses represent expenditures associated with promoting and selling our services and general and administrative functions of our business. These expenses include the costs of salaries, bonuses, fringe benefits, stock-based compensation, severance, bad debt, travel, legal and accounting services, insurance, facilities including operating leases, advertising, and other promotional activities. Additionally, selling, general and administrative expenses contain costs of relocating our employees and various one-time and unusual expenses such as impairment charges.

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During the three months ended September 30, 2023, selling, general and administrative expenses were $194.8 million representing a 1.6% decrease as compared to $198.0 million in the corresponding period of 2022. The decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses was largely driven by a $4.7 million decrease in personnel-related costs other than stock-based compensation expense reflecting reduced variable compensation expense attributable to a lower level of financial performance expected for the year, a $4.0 million decrease in expenses associated with the geographic repositioning of our workforce, and a $1.0 million decrease in expenses associated with our humanitarian efforts for Ukraine. These were partially offset by a $3.9 million increase in stock-based compensation expense. Expressed as a percentage of revenues, selling, general and administrative expenses increased by 0.8% to 16.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the same period from the prior year, primarily driven by higher stock-based compensation expense and higher compensation and benefits costs, attributable to salary increases and promotions for existing employees as well as higher compensation and benefits costs resulting from the relocation of employees to higher cost geographies.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, selling, general and administrative expenses were $601.1 million representing a decrease of 10.0% as compared to $667.8 million reported in the corresponding period of 2022. The decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses was largely driven by a $24.2 million decrease in personnel-related costs other than stock-based compensation expense reflecting reduced variable compensation expense attributable to a lower level of financial performance expected for the year, a $36.6 million decrease in expenses associated with the geographic repositioning of our workforce, and a $7.9 million decrease in expenses associated with our humanitarian efforts for Ukraine. These were partially offset by a $23.5 million increase in stock-based compensation expense. Additionally, the nine months ended September 30, 2022 were impacted by the recognition of $19.6 million of impairment charges related to our long-lived assets in Russia and $5.7 million of bad debt expense attributable to customers located in Russia. Expressed as a percentage of revenues, selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by 1.6% to 17.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the same period from the prior year primarily driven by reductions in impairment charges, expenses associated with the geographic repositioning of our workforce, costs related to our humanitarian efforts for Ukraine, and variable compensation expense.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, selling, general and administrative expenses included $7.1 million of employee separation costs incurred as part of the Cost Optimization Program. See Note 9 “Cost Optimization Program” for more information regarding the Company’s restructuring decision.

Depreciation and Amortization Expense

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, depreciation and amortization expense was $23.1 million and $68.6 million, respectively, as compared to $21.9 million and $69.1 million, respectively, in the corresponding periods last year. The increase in depreciation and amortization expense during the three months ended September 30, 2023 is primarily the result of increased depreciation on software licenses as compared to the corresponding period last year. The decrease in depreciation and amortization expense during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 is primarily the result of lower depreciation on leasehold improvements and desktop hardware driven by our phased exit from our operations in Russia, partially offset by increased depreciation on software licenses. Expressed as a percentage of revenues, depreciation and amortization expense remained consistent at 2.0% during both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to 1.8% and 1.9% in the corresponding periods of 2022.

Loss on Sale of Business

On July 26, 2023, the Company completed the sale of its remaining holdings in Russia to a third-party. The Company recorded a loss on sale of $25.9 million during the third quarter of 2023, including the recognition of the accumulated currency translation loss related to this foreign entity that was previously included in Accumulated other comprehensive loss.

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Interest and Other Income, Net

Interest and other income, net includes interest earned on cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments, gains and losses from certain financial instruments, interest expense related to our borrowings, government grant income, and changes in the fair value of contingent consideration. Interest and other income, net increased from $4.2 million and $5.6 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, to $13.9 million and $37.2 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. This increase in Interest and other income, net during the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022 was largely driven by an $11.8 million increase in interest income from our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, driven by improved interest rates, and a $2.1 million decrease in loss due to the change in fair value of contingent consideration, partially offset by a $2.9 million decrease in government grant income. The increase in Interest and other income, net during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was largely driven by a $31.2 million increase in interest income from our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, a $6.7 million decrease in loss due to the change in fair value of contingent consideration, partially offset by a $1.2 million decrease in government grant income.

Foreign Exchange Gain/(Loss)

For discussion of the impact of foreign exchange fluctuations see “Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.”

Provision for Income Taxes

In determining its interim provision for income taxes, the Company uses an estimated annual effective tax rate, which is based on expected annual profit before tax, statutory tax rates and tax planning opportunities available in the various jurisdictions in which the Company operates. Certain significant or unusual items are separately recognized in the quarter in which they occur and can be a source of variability in the effective tax rates from quarter to quarter.

Determining the consolidated provision for income tax expense, deferred income tax assets and liabilities and any potential related valuation allowances involves judgment. We consider factors that may contribute, favorably or unfavorably, to the overall effective tax rate in the current year as well as the future. These factors include statutory tax rates and tax law changes in the countries where we operate and excess tax benefits upon vesting or exercise of equity awards as well as consideration of any significant or unusual items.

Our effective tax rate was 26.3% and 21.9% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and 18.4% and 13.6% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. The increase in the effective tax rate in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to the corresponding periods in the prior year, is primarily attributable to lower excess tax benefits recorded upon vesting or exercise of stock-based awards as a percentage of pre-tax income in the current period. Excess tax benefits recorded upon vesting or exercise of stock-based awards were $1.7 million and $15.1 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and $10.9 million and $31.4 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. Additionally, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 the Company’s effective tax rate benefited from the recognition of one-time benefits of $1.3 million and $8.5 million, respectively, resulting from the Company’s decision to change the tax status and to classify certain of its foreign subsidiaries as disregarded entities for U.S. income tax purposes. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company’s effective tax rate was also negatively impacted by a $3.6 million charge in the quarter associated with the completion of EPAM’s exit from Russia.

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Results by Business Segment

Our operations consist of three reportable segments: North America, Europe, and Russia. The segments represent components of EPAM for which separate financial information is available and used on a regular basis by our chief executive officer, who is also our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), to determine how to allocate resources and evaluate performance. Our CODM makes business decisions based on segment revenues and operating profit. Segment operating profit is defined as income from operations before unallocated costs. Expenses included in segment operating profit consist principally of direct selling and delivery costs as well as an allocation of certain shared services expenses. Certain corporate expenses are not allocated to specific segments as these expenses are not controllable at the segment level. Such expenses include certain types of professional fees, certain taxes included in operating expenses, compensation to non-employee directors and certain other general and administrative expenses, including compensation of specific groups of non-production employees. In addition, the Company does not allocate stock-based compensation, amortization of intangible assets acquired through business combinations, goodwill and other asset impairment charges, acquisition-related costs and certain other one-time charges and benefits. These unallocated amounts are combined with total segment operating profit to arrive at consolidated income from operations.

We manage our business primarily based on the managerial responsibility for its client base and market. As managerial responsibility for a particular customer relationship generally correlates with the customer’s geographic location, there is a high degree of similarity between customer locations and the geographic boundaries of our reportable segments. In some cases, managerial responsibility for a particular customer is assigned to a management team in another region and is usually based on the strength of the relationship between customer executives and particular members of EPAM’s senior management team. In such cases, the customer’s activity would be reported through the management team’s reportable segment.

On March 4, 2022, we announced that we will discontinue our services to customers located in Russia while staying committed to providing transition support for customers in this market and in April 2022 began the process of a phased exit of our operations in Russia. On July 26, 2023, we completed the sale of our remaining holdings in Russia to a third party.

Revenues from external customers and operating profit/(loss), before unallocated expenses, by reportable segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	(in thousands)
Segment revenues:
North America	$	684,778	$	748,383	$	2,074,806	$	2,159,751
Europe	465,813		470,009		1,442,402		1,373,923
Russia	1,545		8,528		16,075		59,721
Total segment revenues	$	1,152,136	$	1,226,920	$	3,533,283	$	3,593,395
Segment operating profit/(loss):
North America	$	132,438	$	175,845	$	386,929	$	429,999
Europe	64,074		64,813		188,779		156,920
Russia	(118)		1,507		(5,866)		(16,315)
Total segment operating profit	$	196,394	$	242,165	$	569,842	$	570,604

North America Segment

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, revenues for the North America segment decreased $63.6 million, or 8.5%, compared to the same period last year and segment operating profit decreased $43.4 million, or 24.7%, compared to the same period last year. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, revenues from our North America segment were 59.4% of total segment revenues, a decrease from 61.0% reported in the corresponding period of 2022. As a percentage of North America segment revenues, the North America segment’s operating profit margin decreased to 19.3% during the third quarter of 2023 from 23.5% in the third quarter of 2022. This decrease is primarily attributable to lower utilization, partially offset by a decrease in variable compensation expense as a percentage of segment revenues during the third quarter of 2023 compared to the third quarter of 2022.

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During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, revenues for the North America segment decreased $84.9 million, or 3.9%, compared to the same period last year and segment operating profit decreased $43.1 million, or 10.0%, compared to the same period last year. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, revenues from our North America segment were 58.7% and 60.1% of total segment revenues, respectively. As a percentage of North America segment revenues, the North America segment’s operating profit margin decreased to 18.6% during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to 19.9% in the corresponding period of 2022. This decrease is primarily attributable to lower utilization, partially offset by a decrease in variable compensation expense as a percentage of segment revenues during the first nine months of 2023 compared to the first nine months of 2022.

The following table presents North America segment revenues by industry vertical for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Change				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Change
	2023		2022		Dollars		Percentage		2023		2022		Dollars		Percentage
Industry Vertical	(in thousands, except percentages)
Software & Hi-Tech	$	136,520	$	170,818	$	(34,298)	(20.1)	%	$	422,073	$	488,134	$	(66,061)	(13.5)	%
Financial Services	131,499		134,673		(3,174)		(2.4)	%	410,527		381,887		28,640		7.5	%
Travel & Consumer	115,778		131,181		(15,403)		(11.7)	%	359,475		384,360		(24,885)		(6.5)	%
Business Information & Media	104,863		121,703		(16,840)		(13.8)	%	327,378		346,675		(19,297)		(5.6)	%
Life Sciences & Healthcare	109,137		116,878		(7,741)		(6.6)	%	305,700		344,148		(38,448)		(11.2)	%
Emerging Verticals	86,981		73,130		13,851		18.9	%	249,653		214,547		35,106		16.4	%
Revenues	$	684,778	$	748,383	$	(63,605)	(8.5)	%	$	2,074,806	$	2,159,751	$	(84,945)	(3.9)	%

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same periods in the prior year, Software & Hi-Tech remained the largest industry vertical in the North America segment, which was a result of the continued focus on engaging with our technology customers. However, a reduction in revenues from a former top 20 customer and overall declines in the technology sector in the U.S. during the first nine months of 2023 impacted growth in this vertical. Financial Services declined 2.4% and grew 7.5% during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, largely impacted by the fluctuations in demand from a group of wealth management and insurance customers. Travel and Consumer declined 11.7% and 6.5%, respectively, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to declines from customers in the retail industry, partially offset by growth from our travel customers. Business Information & Media declined 13.8% and 5.6%, respectively, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to decline from customers in the information providing and credit reporting sectors. Life Sciences & Healthcare declined 6.6% and 11.2%, respectively, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to a ramp down of a large transformation program at a customer that was previously one of our top 10 customers. Emerging Verticals grew 18.9% and 16.4%, respectively, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 due to growth from various customers in industries such as energy, telecommunications, manufacturing and automotive.

Europe Segment

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, Europe’s segment revenues were $465.8 million, representing a decrease of $4.2 million, or 0.9%, from the same period last year. Revenues were positively impacted by changes in foreign currency exchange rates during the third quarter of 2023 and had our Europe segment revenues been expressed in constant currency terms using the exchange rates in effect during the third quarter of 2022, we would have reported revenue decline of 6.1%. Europe’s segment revenues accounted for 40.4% and 38.3% of total segment revenues during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. During the third quarter of 2023, the segment’s operating profit decreased 1.1% to $64.1 million compared to the third quarter of 2022. Expressed as a percentage of revenues, Europe’s segment operating profit remained at 13.8% compared to the same period of the prior year.

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During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, revenues for the Europe segment increased $68.5 million, or 5.0%, compared to the same period last year and segment operating profit increased $31.9 million, or 20.3%, compared to the same period last year. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, revenues from our Europe segment were 40.8% and 38.2% of total segment revenues, respectively. As a percentage of Europe segment revenues, the Europe segment’s operating profit increased to 13.1% during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from 11.4% in the corresponding period of 2022. During the first nine months of 2023, segment operating profit was positively impacted by changes in foreign currency exchange rates and a decrease in variable compensation expense, partially offset by lower utilization during the first nine months of 2023 compared to the first nine months of 2022.

The following table presents Europe segment revenues by industry vertical for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Change				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Change
	2023		2022		Dollars		Percentage		2023		2022		Dollars		Percentage
Industry Vertical	(in thousands, except percentages)
Travel & Consumer	$	146,837	$	147,271	$	(434)	(0.3)	%	$	451,531	$	424,140	$	27,391	6.5	%
Financial Services	114,122		115,372		(1,250)		(1.1)	%	358,091		345,468		12,623		3.7	%
Business Information & Media	78,983		87,028		(8,045)		(9.2)	%	248,351		253,610		(5,259)		(2.1)	%
Software & Hi-Tech	37,545		34,513		3,032		8.8	%	115,137		100,814		14,323		14.2	%
Life Sciences & Healthcare	15,143		12,569		2,574		20.5	%	44,123		37,378		6,745		18.0	%
Emerging Verticals	73,183		73,256		(73)		(0.1)	%	225,169		212,513		12,656		6.0	%
Revenues	$	465,813	$	470,009	$	(4,196)	(0.9)	%	$	1,442,402	$	1,373,923	$	68,479	5.0	%

Revenues in Travel & Consumer declined 0.3% and grew 6.5%, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, as compared to the corresponding period in 2022 primarily due to fluctuations in demand from customers in the consumer goods and retail industries. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, revenues in Financial Services decreased 1.1% and increased 3.7%, respectively, primarily driven by decreased revenues from commercial banking, investment banking and payment processing customers and increased revenues from insurance customers as well as customers who provide other financial services. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, revenues in Business Information & Media decreased 9.2% and 2.1%, respectively, primarily due to decreased demand from one of our top 10 customers. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the increase in revenues in the Software & Hi-Tech vertical was largely attributable to the expansion of services provided to one of our top 20 customers. Revenues in Emerging Verticals declined 0.1% and grew 6.0% during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, with growth experienced from the customers in the energy and the automotive industry, and declines from the customers in the telecommunications industry.

Russia Segment

On March 4, 2022, EPAM announced that it will discontinue services to customers located in Russia and will provide transition support for the customers in this market. In April 2022, we began the process of a phased exit of our operations in Russia and on July 26, 2023, we completed the sale of our remaining holdings in Russia to a third party. As a result of this sale, the Company no longer has operations associated with this segment. See Note 2 “Impact of the Invasion of Ukraine” for more information regarding the Company’s decisions to no longer serve customers in Russia and exit our operations in Russia.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, revenues from our Russia segment decreased $43.6 million, or 73.1%, as compared to the corresponding period of 2022 and accounted for 0.5% of total segment revenues. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, operating loss from the Russia segment was $5.9 million, representing an improvement of $10.4 million, as compared to an operating loss of $16.3 million in the corresponding period last year largely driven by higher costs incurred in the prior year period related to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the Company’s decision to exit Russia. As a percentage of Russia segment revenues, the Russia segment’s operating loss increased to 36.5% during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from 27.3% in the corresponding period of 2022 as we continued to decrease our revenues in the Russia segment.

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The following table presents Russia segment revenues by industry vertical for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Change				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Change
	2023		2022		Dollars		Percentage		2023		2022		Dollars		Percentage
Industry Vertical	(in thousands, except percentages)
Financial Services	$	814	$	4,741	$	(3,927)	(82.8)	%	$	7,450	$	38,477	$	(31,027)	(80.6)	%
Travel & Consumer	342		1,950		(1,608)		(82.5)	%	3,770		13,539		(9,769)		(72.2)	%
Software & Hi-Tech	281		59		222		376.3	%	1,545		1,248		297		23.8	%
Business Information & Media	15		167		(152)		(91.0)	%	196		786		(590)		(75.1)	%
Life Sciences & Healthcare	(36)		228		(264)		(115.8)	%	120		444		(324)		(73.0)	%
Emerging Verticals	129		1,383		(1,254)		(90.7)	%	2,994		5,227		(2,233)		(42.7)	%
Revenues	$	1,545	$	8,528	$	(6,983)	(81.9)	%	$	16,075	$	59,721	$	(43,646)	(73.1)	%

Effects of Inflation

Economies in many countries where we operate have periodically experienced high rates of inflation. Periods of higher inflation may affect various economic sectors in those countries and increase our cost of doing business there. We do not believe that inflation has had a material impact on our business, results of operations or financial condition to date. We continue to track the impact of inflation, particularly on wages, while attempting to minimize its effects through pricing and cost management strategies. A higher-than-normal rate of inflation in the future could adversely affect our operations and financial condition. For a discussion of our potential risks and uncertainties, including those related to inflation, see “Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Capital Resources

Our cash generated from operations has been our primary source of liquidity to fund operations, investments to support the growth of our business and share repurchases. As of September 30, 2023, our principal sources of liquidity were cash and cash equivalents totaling $1.873 billion, short-term investments totaling $60.4 million as well as $675.0 million of available borrowings under our revolving credit facility. See Note 8 “Debt” of our condensed consolidated financial statements in “Part I. Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)” for information regarding our debt.

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022
	(in thousands)
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow Data:
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	391,265	$	278,035
Net cash used in investing activities	(46,071)		(151,788)
Net cash used in financing activities	(143,417)		(10,066)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(5,632)		(75,876)
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	196,145		40,305
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	1,683,636		1,449,347
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	1,879,781	$	1,489,652

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Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $391.3 million, an increase of $113.2 million compared to $278.0 million provided by operating activities in the corresponding period of 2022. The first nine months of 2022 was negatively impacted by an increase in days sales outstanding, a higher level of variable compensation payments made based on 2021 performance and cash outflows related to EPAM’s humanitarian efforts for Ukraine and geographic repositioning.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $46.1 million compared to $151.8 million used in investing activities during the same period in 2022. During the first nine months of 2023, the cash used in investing activities was primarily attributable to $18.4 million used for capital expenditures and $14.0 million used for the acquisition of a business, net of cash acquired, compared to cash used for capital expenditures of $60.1 million, an investment of $60.0 million into time deposits and $10.5 million for the acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired during the comparable period in 2022.

Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities was $143.4 million in the first nine months of 2023 compared to $10.1 million net cash used in financing activities in the same period of 2022. During 2023 we commenced a program to repurchase shares of EPAM common stock pursuant to the publicly announced share repurchase program and during the first nine months of 2023 we used $128.4 million of cash to repurchase our common stock. In addition, we used cash for the payments of withholding taxes related to net share settlements of restricted stock units of $28.2 million in the first nine months of 2023, compared to $22.1 million paid in the corresponding period of 2022. Net cash used in financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 included repayments of debt of $2.6 million, compared to $11.5 million of repayments of debt in the corresponding period of 2022. These cash outflows were partially offset by cash received from the exercises of stock options issued under our long-term incentive plans and proceeds from the purchase of shares under our ESPP of $28.6 million in the first nine months of 2023, compared to $31.4 million received in the corresponding period of 2022.

Future Capital Requirements

We believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, combined with our expected cash flow from operations, will be sufficient to meet our projected operating and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next twelve months and that we possess the financial flexibility to execute our strategic objectives, including the ability to make acquisitions and strategic investments in the foreseeable future. However, the invasion of Ukraine and the consequences and related measures to contain its impact have caused material disruptions in both national and global financial markets and economies. The future impact of the invasion of Ukraine and responsive measures cannot be predicted with certainty and may increase our borrowing costs and other costs of capital and otherwise adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.

Our ability to expand and grow our business in accordance with current plans and to meet our long-term capital requirements will depend on many factors, including the rate at which our cash flows increase or decrease and the availability of public and private debt and equity financing. We may require additional cash resources due to changed business conditions or other future developments, including any investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue. Our ability to generate cash is subject to our performance, general economic conditions, industry trends and other factors including the impact of the invasion of Ukraine, as described elsewhere in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. To the extent that existing cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments, and operating cash flows are insufficient to fund our future activities and requirements, we may need to raise additional funds through public or private equity or debt financing. If we issue equity securities in order to raise additional funds, substantial dilution to existing stockholders may occur. If we raise cash through the issuance of additional indebtedness, we may be subject to additional contractual restrictions on our business. There is no assurance that we would be able to raise additional funds on favorable terms or at all.

See Note 14 “Commitments and Contingencies” of our condensed consolidated financial statements in “Part I. Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)” of this Quarterly Report and “Part II. Item 7. Future Capital Requirements” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 for information regarding contractual obligations.

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Off-Balance Sheet Commitments and Arrangements

We do not have any material obligations under guarantee contracts or other contractual arrangements other than as disclosed in Note 14 “Commitments and Contingencies” of our condensed consolidated financial statements in “Part I. Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited).” We have not entered into any transactions with unconsolidated entities where we have financial guarantees, subordinated retained interests, derivative instruments, or other contingent arrangements that expose us to material continuing risks, contingent liabilities, or any other obligation under a variable interest in an unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk, or credit risk support to us, or engages in leasing, hedging, or research and development services with us.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1 “Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in “Part I. Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)” for additional information.

Forward-Looking Statements

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains estimates and forward-looking statements made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, principally in “Part I. Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Part II. Item 1A. Risk Factors.” Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 also contains estimates and forward-looking statements, principally in “Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors.” Our estimates and forward-looking statements are mainly based on our current expectations and estimates of future events and trends, which affect or may affect our business and operations. Those future events and trends may relate to, among other things, developments relating to the war in Ukraine and escalation of the war in the surrounding region, political and civil unrest or military action in the geographies where we conduct business and operate, difficult conditions in global capital markets, foreign exchange markets and the broader economy, and the effect that these events may have on our revenues, operations, access to capital and profitability. Although we believe that these estimates and forward-looking statements are based upon reasonable assumptions, they are subject to several risks, uncertainties and assumptions as to future events that may not prove to be accurate and are made in light of information currently available to us. Important factors, in addition to the factors described in this quarterly report and in our Annual Report, may materially and adversely affect our results as indicated in forward-looking statements. You should read this quarterly report, our Annual Report and the documents that we have filed as exhibits hereto completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect.

 The words “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “intend,” “potential,” “might,” “would,” “continue” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology and similar words are intended to identify estimates and forward-looking statements. Estimates and forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they were made, and, except to the extent required by law, we undertake no obligation to update, to revise or to review any estimate and/or forward-looking statement because of new information, future events or other factors. Estimates and forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties and are not guarantees of future performance. As a result of the risks and uncertainties described above, the estimates and forward-looking statements discussed in this quarterly report and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 might not occur and our future results, level of activity, performance or achievements may differ materially from those expressed in these forward-looking statements due to, including, but not limited to, the factors mentioned above, and the differences may be material and adverse. Because of these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We are exposed to certain market risks in the ordinary course of our business. These risks primarily result from changes in concentration of credit, foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. In addition, our international operations are subject to risks related to differing economic conditions, civil unrest, political instability or uncertainty, military activities, broad-based sanctions, differing tax structures, and other regulations and restrictions.

Concentration of Credit and Other Credit Risks

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, short-term investments and trade receivables.

We maintain our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments with financial institutions. We believe that our credit policies reflect normal industry terms and business risk. We do not anticipate non-performance by the counterparties.

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We have cash in several countries, including Ukraine and Belarus, which could be impacted by the invasion of Ukraine and where the banking sector remains subject to periodic instability; banking and other financial systems in these countries generally do not meet the banking standards of more developed markets, and bank deposits made by corporate entities are not insured. As of September 30, 2023, we had $51.7 million of cash and cash equivalents in banks in Ukraine and $37.1 million of cash and cash equivalents in banks in Belarus. Cash in Ukraine and Belarus is used for the operational needs of the local entities and cash balances change with the expected operating needs of these entities. We regularly monitor cash held in these countries and, to the extent the cash held exceeds amounts required to support our operations in these countries, we distribute the excess funds into markets with more developed banking sectors to the extent it is possible to do so. We place our cash and cash equivalents with financial institutions considered stable in the region, limit the amount of credit exposure with any one financial institution and conduct ongoing evaluations of the credit worthiness of the financial institutions with which we do business. However, a banking crisis, bankruptcy or insolvency of banks that process or hold our funds, or sanctions may result in the loss of our deposits or adversely affect our ability to complete banking transactions, which could adversely affect our business and financial condition.

Trade receivables are generally dispersed across many customers operating in different industries; therefore, concentration of credit risk is limited and we do not believe significant credit risk existed as of September 30, 2023. Though our results of operations depend on our ability to successfully collect payment from our customers for work performed, historically, credit losses and write-offs of trade receivables have not been material to our condensed consolidated financial statements. If any of our customers enter bankruptcy protection or otherwise take steps to alleviate their financial distress, our credit losses and write-offs of trade receivables could increase, which would negatively impact our results of operations.

Interest Rate Risk

We are exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates. Exposure to interest rate risk results primarily from variable rates related to our cash and cash equivalent deposits, short-term investments, and our borrowings, mainly under our 2021 Credit Agreement, which is subject to a variety of rates depending on the currency and timing of funds borrowed. We do not believe we are exposed to material direct risks associated with changes in interest rates related to these deposits, investments and borrowings.

Foreign Exchange Risk

Our global operations are conducted predominantly in U.S. dollars. Other than U.S. dollars, we generate revenues principally in euros, British pounds, Swiss francs and Canadian dollars and incur expenditures principally in euros, Polish zlotys, Indian rupees, British pounds, Swiss francs, Mexican pesos, Hungarian forints, Colombian pesos, Canadian dollars, and Chinese yuan renminbi. As a result, exchange rate fluctuations in any of these currencies relative to the U.S. dollar could negatively impact our results of operations. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, approximately 33.9% of consolidated revenues and 55.7% of consolidated operating expenses were denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar.

To manage the risk of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and hedge a portion of our forecasted foreign currency denominated operating expenses incurred in the normal course of business, we implemented a hedging program through which we enter into a series of foreign exchange forward contracts with durations of twelve months or less that are designated as cash flow hedges of forecasted Polish zloty, Indian rupee, and Hungarian forint transactions. As of September 30, 2023, all of EPAM’s foreign exchange forward contracts, were designated as hedges and there is no financial collateral (including cash collateral) required to be posted related to the foreign exchange forward contracts.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2022, in response to the invasion of Ukraine, EPAM de-designated our Russian ruble foreign exchange forward contracts as hedges and entered into offsetting foreign exchange forward contracts with the same counterparty. The Company determined it was probable the underlying forecasted foreign currency transactions which were hedged would not occur and reclassified the accumulated loss of $43.9 million on the underlying hedge into income which is classified as foreign exchange loss in the condensed consolidated statement of income.

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, foreign exchange gain was $3.9 million compared to a gain of $6.7 million reported in the corresponding period last year. Foreign exchange gain was primarily driven by the impact of fluctuations in foreign currencies on the Company’s assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies.

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Management supplements results reported in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles, referred to as GAAP, with non-GAAP financial measures. Management believes these measures help illustrate underlying trends in our business and uses the measures to establish budgets and operational goals, communicated internally and externally, for managing our business and evaluating its performance. When important to management’s analysis, operating results are compared on the basis of “constant currency,” which is a non-GAAP financial measure. This measure excludes the effect of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations by translating the current period revenues and expenses into U.S. dollars at the weighted average exchange rates of the prior period of comparison.

During the third quarter of 2023, we reported a revenue decline of 6.1% compared to the third quarter of 2022. Had our consolidated revenues been expressed in constant currency terms using the exchange rates in effect during the third quarter of 2022, we would have reported a revenue decline of 8.0%. Our revenues were positively impacted by the appreciation of the euro, British pound and Swiss franc, partially offset by the depreciation of the Russian ruble relative to the U.S. dollar. During the third quarter of 2023, we reported a decrease in income from operations of 36.7% compared to the third quarter of 2022. Had our consolidated results been expressed in constant currency terms using the exchange rates in effect during the third quarter of 2022, we would have reported a decrease in income from operations of 35.2%. Income from operations was negatively impacted by the appreciation of Polish zloty, Mexican peso and Colombian peso and positively impacted by the appreciation of the euro, British pound and Swiss franc and depreciation of Indian Rupee relative to the U.S. dollar during the third quarter of 2023 compared to the same period in the prior year.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Based on management’s evaluation, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as of the end of the period covered by this report, these officers have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), are effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2023 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we are involved in litigation and claims arising out of our business and operations in the normal course of business. We are not currently a party to any material legal proceeding, nor are we aware of any material legal or governmental proceedings pending or contemplated to be brought against us.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

For a discussion of our potential risks and uncertainties, including our significant operations in Belarus and Ukraine and the material adverse effect the invasion of Ukraine by Russia has had and may have on our operations, business, and financial results, see the risk factors disclosed under the heading “Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

The risks and uncertainties that we face are not limited to those set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial may also adversely affect our business and the trading price of our common stock.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

On February 13, 2023, the Board of Directors authorized a repurchase program for up to $500.0 million of our outstanding common stock. EPAM may repurchase shares of its common stock on a discretionary basis from time to time through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or other means, including through the use of trading plans intended to qualify under Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The share repurchase program has a term of 24 months, may be suspended or discontinued at any time, and does not obligate the company to acquire any amount of common stock.

The following table provides information about the purchases of shares of our common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2023:

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid per Share (1)		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
	(in thousands, except per share amounts)
July 1 to July 31, 2023	—	$	—	—	$	450,052
August 1 to August 31, 2023	232	$	239.84	232	$	394,447
September 1 to September 30, 2023	86	$	264.11	86	$	371,566
Total	318			318

(1) Average price paid per share in the period includes commission.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not Applicable.

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Item 5. Other Information

Insider Adoption or Termination of Trading Arrangements:

On August 8, 2023, Jason Peterson, Senior Vice President, Treasurer, and Chief Financial Officer, adopted a trading arrangement for the sale of securities of the Company’s common stock that is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Securities Exchange Act Rule 10b5-1(c) (a “Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plan”). Mr. Peterson’s Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plan has a term of one year and provides for the sale of up to 4,250 shares of common stock according to the terms of his Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plan.

On August 25, 2023, Elaina Shekhter, Senior Vice President and Chief Marketing and Strategy Officer, adopted a Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plan. Ms. Shekhter’s Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plan has a term of four months and provides for the sale of up to 8,176 shares of common stock according to the terms of her Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plan.

Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit Number	Description
31.1*	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
31.2*	Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
32.1*	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2*	Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File - (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
*	Exhibits filed herewith
†	Indicates management contracts or compensatory plans or arrangements

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Date: November 2, 2023

EPAM SYSTEMS, INC.
By:	/s/ Arkadiy Dobkin
	Name: Arkadiy Dobkin
	Title: Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President (principal executive officer)
By:	/s/ Jason Peterson
	Name: Jason Peterson
	Title: Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (principal financial officer)

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