10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2016

Commission file number: 1-34283

Rosetta Stone Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware (State of incorporation)	043837082 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1919 North Lynn St., 7th Fl. Arlington, Virginia (Address of principal executive offices)	22209 (Zip Code)

703-387-5800

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes ý  No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes ý  No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer o	Accelerated filer ý	Non-accelerated filer o	Smaller reporting company o
		(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes o  No ý

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of stock, as of the latest practicable date.

As of April 29, 2016, there were 21,919,136 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, $.00005 par value, outstanding.

ROSETTA STONE INC.

Table of Contents

		Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1	Financial Statements (unaudited)	3
Item 2	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	28
Item 3	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	41
Item 4	Controls and Procedures	41
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1	Legal Proceedings	43
Item 1A	Risk Factors	43
Item 2	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	57
Item 3	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	57
Item 4	Mine Safety Disclosures	57
Item 5	Other Information	57
Item 6	Exhibits	58
Signatures		59

2

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.  Financial Statements

ROSETTA STONE INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

(unaudited)

	March 31, 2016			December 31, 2015
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	42,995		$	47,782
Restricted cash	39			80
Accounts receivable (net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,241 and $1,196, at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively)	29,803			47,327
Inventory, net	7,229			7,333
Deferred sales commissions	12,368			13,526
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	5,004			3,612
Total current assets	97,438			119,660
Deferred sales commissions	5,023			5,614
Property and equipment, net	23,269			22,532
Goodwill	50,843			50,280
Intangible assets, net	27,168			28,244
Other assets	2,130			2,213
Total assets	$	205,871		$	228,543
Liabilities and stockholders' equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	11,364		$	10,778
Accrued compensation	10,575			8,201
Income tax payable	464			121
Obligations under capital lease	546			521
Other current liabilities	27,400			35,318
Deferred revenue	99,279			106,868
Total current liabilities	149,628			161,807
Deferred revenue	32,978			35,880
Deferred income taxes	5,178			4,998
Obligations under capital lease	2,483			2,622
Other long-term liabilities	728			826
Total liabilities	190,995			206,133
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15)
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 10,000 and 10,000 shares authorized, zero and zero shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively	—			—
Non-designated common stock, $0.00005 par value, 190,000 and 190,000 shares authorized, 23,309 and 23,150 shares issued and 22,309 and 22,150 shares outstanding at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively	2			2
Additional paid-in capital	186,313			185,863
Accumulated loss	(157,301		)	(149,794		)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(2,703		)	(2,226		)
Treasury stock, at cost, 1,000 and 1,000 shares at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively	(11,435		)	(11,435		)
Total stockholders' equity	14,876			22,410
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	205,871		$	228,543

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

3

ROSETTA STONE INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended   March 31,
	2016			2015
Revenue:
Product	$	10,031		$	19,974
Subscription and service	37,971			38,468
Total revenue	48,002			58,442
Cost of revenue:
Cost of product revenue	2,645			5,637
Cost of subscription and service revenue	5,403			5,665
Total cost of revenue	8,048			11,302
Gross profit	39,954			47,140
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing	30,793			40,150
Research and development	6,571			8,972
General and administrative	10,777			15,754
Impairment	—			291
Total operating expenses	48,141			65,167
Loss from operations	(8,187		)	(18,027		)
Other income and (expense):
Interest income	13			4
Interest expense	(112		)	(88		)
Other income and (expense)	1,228			(1,581		)
Total other income and (expense)	1,129			(1,665		)
Loss before income taxes	(7,058		)	(19,692		)
Income tax expense	449			192
Net loss	$	(7,507	)	$	(19,884	)
Loss per share:
Basic	$	(0.34	)	$	(0.95	)
Diluted	$	(0.34	)	$	(0.95	)
Common shares and equivalents outstanding:
Basic weighted average shares	21,867			21,018
Diluted weighted average shares	21,867			21,018

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

4

ROSETTA STONE INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended   March 31,
	2016			2015
Net loss	$	(7,507	)	$	(19,884	)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Foreign currency translation loss	(477		)	(1,147		)
Other comprehensive loss	(477		)	(1,147		)
Comprehensive loss	$	(7,984	)	$	(21,031	)

   See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

5

ROSETTA STONE INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended   March 31,
	2016			2015
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net loss	$	(7,507	)	$	(19,884	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash used in operating activities:
Stock-based compensation expense	421			1,287
(Gain) loss on foreign currency transactions	(1,525		)	1,372
Bad debt expense	191			410
Depreciation and amortization	3,408			3,350
Deferred income tax expense	172			295
Gain on disposal of equipment	—			(1		)
Amortization of deferred financing fees	62			32
Loss on impairment	—			291
Loss from equity method investments	27			—
Net change in:
Restricted cash	41			17
Accounts receivable	17,555			24,546
Inventory	116			(1,957		)
Deferred sales commissions	1,783			59
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(1,331		)	(1,322		)
Income tax receivable	337			(444		)
Other assets	88			(314		)
Accounts payable	569			(4,401		)
Accrued compensation	2,310			(1,146		)
Other current liabilities	(8,189		)	(9,041		)
Other long-term liabilities	(99		)	(225		)
Deferred revenue	(10,975		)	(6,231		)
Net cash used in operating activities	(2,546		)	(13,307		)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of property and equipment	(2,586		)	(2,382		)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	—			(1,688		)
Net cash used in investing activities	(2,586		)	(4,070		)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options	29			37
Payment of financing fees	(100		)	(27		)
Payments under capital lease obligations	(244		)	(282		)
Net cash used in financing activities	(315		)	(272		)
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(5,447		)	(17,649		)
Effect of exchange rate changes in cash and cash equivalents	660			(1,084		)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(4,787		)	(18,733		)
Cash and cash equivalents—beginning of period	47,782			64,657
Cash and cash equivalents—end of period	$	42,995		$	45,924
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW DISCLOSURE:
Cash paid (received) during the periods for:
Interest	$	50		$	57
Income taxes, net of refunds	$	(61	)	$	463
Noncash financing and investing activities:
Accrued liability for purchase of property and equipment	$	357		$	732
Equipment acquired under capital lease	$	27		$	—

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

6

ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

1. NATURE OF OPERATIONS

Rosetta Stone Inc. and its subsidiaries ("Rosetta Stone," or the "Company") develop, market and support a suite of language-learning, literacy and brain fitness solutions consisting of perpetual software products, web-based software subscriptions, online and professional services, audio practice tools and mobile applications. The Company's offerings are sold on a direct basis and through select third party retailers and distributors. The Company provides its solutions to customers through the sale of packaged software and web-based software subscriptions, domestically and in certain international markets.

On March 14, 2016, the Company announced that it intends to exit the direct sales presence in almost all of its non-U.S. and non-northern European geographies related to the distribution of the Enterprise & Education Language offerings (the "2016 Restructuring Plan"). Where appropriate, the Company seeks to operate through partners in the geographies being exited. The Company also looks to initiate processes to close the software development operations in France and China. These actions are additive to the plan announced on March 11, 2015 (the "2015 Restructuring Plan") to accelerate and prioritize its focus on satisfying the needs of more passionate Corporate and K-12 learners, and emphasizing those who need to speak and read English. See Note 2 "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies," Note 13 "Restructuring," Note 16 "Segment Information" and Item 2 "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" within Part 1 for additional information about these strategic undertakings and the associated impact to the Company's financial statements and financial results.

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Rosetta Stone and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. 

The equity method is used to account for investments in entities if the investment provides the Company with the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies of the investee. The Company determines its level of influence over an equity method investment by considering key factors such as ownership interest, representation on the investee's governing body, participation in policy-making decisions, and technological dependencies. The Company's proportionate share of the net income or loss of any equity method investments is reported in "Other income and (expense)" and included in the net loss on the consolidated statement of operations. The carrying value of any equity method investment is reported in "Other assets" on the consolidated balance sheets.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are unaudited. These unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") regarding interim financial reporting. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. Accordingly, these interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contained in the Company’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 14, 2016. The March 31, 2016 consolidated balance sheet included herein includes account balances as of December 31, 2015 that were derived from the audited financial statements as of that date. The Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements do not include all disclosures required for annual financial statements and notes.

The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s statement of financial position at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company’s results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 and its cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 have been made. The results for the three months ended March 31, 2016 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2016. All references to March 31, 2016 or to the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 in the notes to the consolidated financial statements are unaudited.

7

ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions. The amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements include significant estimates and assumptions that have been made, including, but not limited to, those related to revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful accounts, estimated sales returns and reserves, stock-based compensation, restructuring costs, fair value of intangibles and goodwill, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent litigation, and allowance for valuation of deferred tax assets. The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on historical experience and on various other judgments that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The Company continuously evaluates its estimates and assumptions. Actual results may differ from these estimates and assumptions.

Revenue Recognition

The Company's primary sources of revenue are web-based software subscriptions, online services, perpetual product software, and bundles of perpetual product software and online services. The Company also generates revenue from the sale of audio practice products, mobile applications, and professional services. Revenue is recognized when all of the following criteria are met: there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement; the product has been delivered or services have been rendered; the fee is fixed or determinable; and collectability is reasonably assured. Revenue is recorded net of discounts.

The Company identifies the units of accounting contained within sales arrangements in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") subtopic 605-25, Revenue Recognition - Multiple Element Arrangements ("ASC 605-25"). In doing so, the Company evaluates a variety of factors including whether the undelivered element(s) have value to the customer on a stand-alone basis or if the undelivered element(s) could be sold by another vendor on a stand-alone basis.

For multiple element arrangements that contain perpetual software products and related online services, the Company allocates the total arrangement consideration to its deliverables based on the existence of vendor-specific objective evidence of fair value, or vendor-specific objective evidence ("VSOE"), in accordance with ASC subtopic 985-605-25, Software: Revenue Recognition-Multiple-Element Arrangements ("ASC 985-605-25"). The Company generates a substantial portion of its Consumer revenue from the CD and digital download formats of the Rosetta Stone language-learning product which is typically a multiple-element arrangement that includes two deliverables: the perpetual software, delivered at the time of sale, and the online service, which is considered an undelivered software-related element. The online service includes access to conversational coaching services. Because the Company only sells the perpetual language-learning software on a stand-alone basis in its homeschool version, the Company does not have a sufficient concentration of stand-alone sales to establish VSOE for the perpetual product. Where VSOE of the undelivered online services can be established, arrangement consideration is allocated using the residual method. The Company determines VSOE by reference to the range of comparable stand-alone renewal sales of the online service. The Company reviews these stand-alone sales on a quarterly basis. VSOE is established if at least 80% of the stand-alone sales are within a range of plus or minus 15% of a midpoint of the range of prices, consistent with generally accepted industry practice. Where VSOE of the undelivered online services cannot be established, revenue is deferred and recognized commensurate with the delivery of the online services.

For non-software multiple element arrangements the Company allocates revenue to all deliverables based on their relative selling prices. The Company's non-software multiple element arrangements primarily occur as sales to its Enterprise & Education Language and Literacy customers. These arrangements can include web-based subscription services, audio practice materials and professional services or any combination thereof. The Company does not have a sufficient concentration of stand-alone sales of the various deliverables noted above to its Enterprise & Education Language and Literacy customers, and therefore cannot establish VSOE for each deliverable. Third party evidence of fair value does not exist for the web-based subscription, audio practice and professional services due to the lack of interchangeable language-learning products and services within the market. Accordingly, the Company determines the relative selling price of the web-based subscription, audio practice tools and professional services deliverables included in its non-software multiple-element arrangements using the best estimated selling price. The Company determines the best estimated selling price based on its internally published price list which includes suggested sales prices for each deliverable based on the type of client and volume purchased. This price list is derived from past experience and from the expectation of obtaining a reasonable margin based on what each deliverable costs the Company.

In the U.S. and Canada, the Company offers consumers who purchase packaged software and audio practice products directly from the Company a 30-day, unconditional, full money-back refund. The Company also permits some of our retailers and distributors to return unsold packaged products, subject to certain limitations. In accordance with ASC subtopic 985-605, Software: Revenue Recognition ("ASC 985-605"), the Company estimates and establishes revenue reserves for packaged

8

ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

product returns at the time of sale based on historical return rates, estimated channel inventory levels, the timing of new product introductions and other factors.

The Company distributes its products and services both directly to the end customer and indirectly through resellers. Resellers earn commissions generally calculated as a fixed percentage of the gross sale to the end customer. The Company evaluates each of its reseller relationships in accordance with ASC subtopic 605-45, Revenue Recognition - Principal Agent Considerations (“ASC 605-45”) to determine whether the revenue recognized from indirect sales should be the gross amount of the contract with the end customer or reduced for the reseller commission. In making this determination the Company evaluates a variety of factors including whether it is the primary obligor to the end customer. Revenue is recorded net of taxes.

Revenue for online services and web-based subscriptions is recognized ratably over the term of the service or subscription period, assuming all revenue recognition criteria have been met. The CD and digital download formats of Rosetta Stone language-learning products are bundled with an online service where customers are allowed to begin their short-term online services at any point during a registration window, which is up to six months from the date of purchase from us or an authorized reseller. The online services that are not activated during this registration window are forfeited and revenue is recognized upon expiry. Revenue from non-refundable upfront fees that are not related to products already delivered or services already performed is deferred and recognized over the term of the related arrangement because the period over which a customer is expected to benefit from the service that is included within our subscription arrangements does not extend beyond the contractual period. Accounts receivable and deferred revenue are recorded at the time a customer enters into a binding subscription agreement.

Software products include sales to end user customers and resellers. In many cases, revenue from sales to resellers is not contingent upon resale of the software to the end user and is recorded in the same manner as all other product sales. Revenue from sales of packaged software products and audio practice products is recognized as the products are shipped and title passes and risks of loss have been transferred. For many product sales, these criteria are met at the time the product is shipped. For some sales to resellers and certain other sales, the Company defers revenue until the customer receives the product because the Company legally retains a portion of the risk of loss on these sales during transit. In other cases where packaged software products are sold to resellers on a consignment basis, revenue is recognized for these consignment transactions once the end user sale has occurred, assuming the remaining revenue recognition criteria have been met. In accordance with ASC subtopic 605-50, Revenue Recognition: Customer Payments and Incentives (“ASC 605-50”), cash sales incentives to resellers are accounted for as a reduction of revenue, unless a specific identified benefit is identified and the fair value is reasonably determinable. Price protection for changes in the manufacturer suggested retail value granted to resellers for the inventory that they have on hand at the date the price protection is offered is recorded as a reduction to revenue at the time of sale.

The Company offers customers the ability to make payments for packaged software purchases in installments over a period of time, which typically ranges between three and five months. Given that these installment payment plans are for periods less than 12 months, a successful collection history has been established and these fees are fixed and determinable, revenue is recognized at the time of sale, assuming the remaining revenue recognition criteria have been met.

In connection with packaged software product sales and web-based software subscriptions, technical support is provided to customers, including customers of resellers, via telephone support at no additional cost for up to six months from the time of purchase. As the fee for technical support is included in the initial licensing fee, the technical support and services are generally provided within one year, the estimated cost of providing such support is deemed insignificant and no unspecified upgrades/enhancements are offered, technical support revenue is recognized together with the software product and web-based software subscription revenue. Costs associated with the technical support are accrued at the time of sale.

Sales commissions from non-cancellable web-based software subscription contracts are deferred and amortized in proportion to the revenue recognized from the related contract.

Restructuring Costs

As part of the 2016 Restructuring Plan and the 2015 Restructuring Plan, the Company announced and initiated actions to reduce headcount and other costs in order to support its strategic shift in business focus. In connection with these plans, the Company incurred restructuring related costs, including employee severance and related benefit costs, contract termination costs, and other related costs. These costs are included in our operating expense line items on the Statement of Operations.

Employee severance and related benefit costs primarily include cash payments, outplacement services, continuing health insurance coverage, and other benefits. Where no substantive involuntary termination plan previously exists, these severance

9

ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

costs are generally considered “one-time” benefits and recognized at fair value in the period in which a detailed plan has been approved by management and communicated to the terminated employees. Severance costs pursuant to ongoing benefit arrangements, including termination benefits provided for in existing employment contracts, are recognized when probable and reasonably estimable.

Contract termination costs include penalties to cancel certain service and license contracts. Contract termination costs are recognized at fair value in the period in which the contract is terminated in accordance with the contract terms.

Other related costs generally include external consulting and legal costs associated with the strategic shift in business focus of the Company’s Consumer business. Such costs are recognized at fair value in the period in which the costs are incurred.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC topic 740, Income Taxes ("ASC 740"), which provides for an asset and liability approach to accounting for income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities represent the future tax consequences of the differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities versus the tax basis of assets and liabilities. Under this method, deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences, and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The impact of tax rate changes on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in the year that the change is enacted.

Deferred Tax Valuation Allowance

The Company has recorded a valuation allowance offsetting certain of its deferred tax assets as of March 31, 2016. When measuring the need for a valuation allowance on a jurisdiction by jurisdiction basis, the Company assesses both positive and negative evidence regarding whether these deferred tax assets are realizable. In determining deferred tax assets and valuation allowances, the Company is required to make judgments and estimates related to projections of profitability, the timing and extent of the utilization of temporary differences, net operating loss carryforwards, tax credits, applicable tax rates, transfer pricing methodologies and tax planning strategies. The valuation allowance is reviewed quarterly and is maintained until sufficient positive evidence exists to support a reversal. Because evidence such as the Company’s operating results during the most recent three-year period is afforded more weight than forecasted results for future periods, the Company’s cumulative loss in certain jurisdictions represents significant negative evidence in the determination of whether deferred tax assets are more likely than not to be utilized in certain jurisdictions. This determination resulted in the need for a valuation allowance on the deferred tax assets of certain jurisdictions. The Company will release this valuation allowance when it is determined that it is more likely than not that its deferred tax assets will be realized. Any future release of valuation allowance may be recorded as a tax benefit increasing net income.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company values its assets and liabilities using the methods of fair value as described in ASC topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, ("ASC 820"). ASC 820 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The three levels of fair value hierarchy are described below:

Level 1: Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

Level 2: Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.

Level 3: Significant inputs to the valuation model are unobservable.

The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and other accrued expenses approximate fair value due to relatively short periods to maturity.

10

ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Divestitures

The Company deconsolidates divested subsidiaries when there is a loss of control or when appropriate when evaluated under the variable interest entity model. The Company recognizes a gain or loss at divestiture equal to the difference between the fair value of any consideration received and the carrying amount of the former subsidiary’s assets and liabilities. Any resulting gain or loss is reported in "Other income and (expense)" on the consolidated statement of operations.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for its stock-based compensation in accordance ASC topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation ("ASC 718"). Under ASC 718, all stock-based awards, including employee stock option grants, are recorded at fair value as of the grant date and recognized as expense in the statement of operations on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period. The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.

The Company estimates the expected term of options using a combination of peer company information and the simplified method for estimating the expected term. The Company uses its own historical stock price data to estimate its forfeiture rate and expected volatility over the most recent period commensurate with the estimated expected term of the awards. For the risk-free interest rate, the Company uses a U.S. Treasury Bond rate consistent with the estimated expected term of the option award.

The Company’s restricted stock and restricted stock unit grants are accounted for as equity awards. The grant date fair value is based on the market price of the Company’s common stock at the date of grant.

Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions

The functional currency of the Company's foreign subsidiaries is their local currency. Accordingly, assets and liabilities of the foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect on the balance sheet date. Income and expense items are translated at average rates for the period. Translation adjustments are recorded as a component of other comprehensive loss in stockholders' equity.

Cash flows of consolidated foreign subsidiaries, whose functional currency is their local currency, are translated to U.S. dollars using average exchange rates for the period. The Company reports the effect of exchange rate changes on cash balances held in foreign currencies as a separate item in the reconciliation of the changes in cash and cash equivalents during the period.

The following table presents the effect of exchange rate changes on total comprehensive loss (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended   March 31,
	2016			2015
Net loss	$	(7,507	)	$	(19,884	)
Foreign currency translation loss	(477		)	(1,147		)
Comprehensive loss	$	(7,984	)	$	(21,031	)

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive loss consists of net loss and other comprehensive loss. Other comprehensive loss refers to revenues, expenses, gains, and losses that are not included in net loss, but rather are recorded directly in stockholders' equity. For the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company's comprehensive loss consisted of net loss and foreign currency translation losses. The other comprehensive loss presented in the consolidated financial statements and the notes are presented net of tax. There has been no tax expense or benefit associated with the components of other comprehensive loss due to the presence of a full valuation allowance for each of the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015.

Advertising Costs

Costs for advertising are expensed as incurred. Advertising expense for the three months ended March 31, 2016 was $9.6 million and for the three months ended March 31, 2015 was $13.4 million.

11

ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718) Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting ("ASU 2016-09"). Under ASU 2016-09, accounting for share-based payment award transactions was simplified related to the accounting for (a) income tax effects; (b) minimum statutory tax withholding requirements; (c) and forfeitures. ASU 2016-09 is effective for public entities in annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is in the process of evaluating the adoption date and impact of the new guidance on the Company's consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) ("ASU 2016-02"). Under ASU 2016-02, entities will be required to recognize a lease liability and a right-of-use asset for all leases. Lessor accounting is largely unchanged. ASU 2016-02 is effective for public entities in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of the new guidance on the Company's consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments-Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities ("ASU 2016-01"). ASU 2016-01 changes how entities measure certain equity investments and present changes in the fair value of financial liabilities measured under the fair value option that are attributable to their own credit. Under the new guidance, entities will be required to measure equity investments that do not result in consolidation and are not accounted for under the equity method at fair value and recognize any changes in fair value in net income unless the investments qualify for the new practicability exception. The accounting for other financial instruments, such as loans and investments in debt securities is largely unchanged. ASU 2016-01 is effective for public entities in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company does not believe that the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements - Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40) ("ASU 2014-15"). ASU 2014-15 addresses management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures. Management’s evaluation should be based on relevant conditions and events that are known and reasonably knowable at the date that the financial statements are issued. ASU 2014-15 will be effective for the first interim period within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect to early adopt this guidance and does not believe that the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on the Company's financial statements and disclosures.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which replaces the current revenue accounting guidance. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date which defers the effective date of the updated guidance on revenue recognition by one year. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net), which clarifies and improves the operability and understandability of the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations. In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, which clarifies and improves the operability and understandability of the implementation guidance on identifying performance obligations and licensing. Collectively these ASUs comprise the new revenue standard ("New Revenue Standard"). The core principle of the New Revenue Standard is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To achieve that core principle, an entity should apply a five step model to 1) identify the contract(s) with a customer, 2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, 3) determine the transaction price, 4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract and 5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The New Revenue Standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 31, 2017. Entities may choose from two adoption methods, with certain practical expedients. The Company expects that it will adopt the New Revenue Standard beginning in the first quarter of 2018 and is currently evaluating the appropriate transition method and any impact of the New Revenue Standard on the Company's consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

12

ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

3. DIVESTITURES

As part of the shift in strategy initiated in early 2015, the Company determined that its ownership of the consumer-oriented Rosetta Stone Korea Ltd. ("RSK") entity no longer agreed with the Company’s overall strategy to focus on the Enterprise & Education Language and Literacy businesses. In September 2015, the Company completed the divestiture of 100% of the Company's capital stock of RSK to the then-current President of RSK for consideration equal to the assumption of RSK's net liabilities at the date of sale.

As part of the transaction, the Company has agreed to continue to provide to RSK certain of its online product offerings for resale and distribution and RSK is committed to purchase those products, for an initial term ending December 31, 2025. In addition, the Company has loaned RSK $0.5 million as of October 2, 2015, which will be repaid in five equal installments due every six months beginning December 31, 2016. As a result of this loan receivable and the level of financial support it represents, the Company concluded that it holds a variable interest in RSK whereby the Company is not the primary beneficiary.  The maximum exposure to loss as a result of this involvement in the variable interest entity is limited to the $0.5 million amount of the loan.

4. NET LOSS PER SHARE

 Net loss per share is computed under the provisions of ASC topic 260, Earnings Per Share. Basic loss per share is computed using net loss and the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding. Diluted earnings per share reflect the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding plus any potentially dilutive shares outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive shares consist of shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and conversion of shares of preferred stock. Common stock equivalent shares are excluded from the diluted computation if their effect is anti-dilutive.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per common share (in thousands, except per share amounts):

	Three Months Ended   March 31,
	2016			2015
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(7,507	)	$	(19,884	)
Denominator:
Weighted average number of common shares:
Basic	21,867			21,018
Diluted	21,867			21,018
Loss per common share:
Basic	$	(0.34	)	$	(0.95	)
Diluted	$	(0.34	)	$	(0.95	)

For the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, no common stock equivalent shares were included in the calculation of the Company’s diluted net income per share.

The following is a summary of common stock equivalents for the securities outstanding during the respective periods that have been excluded from the earnings per share calculations as their impact was anti-dilutive (in thousands).

	Three Months Ended   March 31,
	2016	2015
Stock options	25	58
Restricted stock units	162	119
Restricted stocks	63	69
Total common stock equivalent shares	250	246

13

ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

5. INVENTORY

Inventory consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Raw materials	$	3,190	$	3,375
Finished goods	4,039		3,958
Total inventory	$	7,229	$	7,333

6. GOODWILL

Rosetta Stone Ltd. (formerly known as Fairfield & Sons, Ltd.) in January 2006, the acquisition of certain assets of SGLC International Co. Ltd ("SGLC") in November 2009, the acquisition of Livemocha, Inc. ("Livemocha") in April 2013, the acquisition of Lexia Learning Systems, Inc. ("Lexia") in August 2013, and the acquisitions of Vivity Labs, Inc. ("Vivity") and Tell Me More S.A. ("Tell Me More") in January 2014.

The Company tests goodwill for impairment annually on June 30 of each year at the reporting unit level using a fair value approach, in accordance with the provisions of ASC topic 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and other ("ASC 350"), or more frequently, if impairment indicators arise.

The following table shows the balance and changes in goodwill for the Company's operating segments for the three months ended March 31, 2016 (in thousands):

	Enterprise & Education Language		Literacy		Consumer		Total
Balance as of December 31, 2015	$	38,700	$	9,962	$	1,618	$	50,280
Effect of change in foreign currency rate	456		—		107		563
Balance as of March 31, 2016	$	39,156	$	9,962	$	1,725	$	50,843

The Company also routinely reviews goodwill at the reporting unit level for potential impairment as part of the Company’s internal control framework. The Company's reporting units were evaluated to determine if a triggering event has occurred. As of March 31, 2016, the Company concluded that there are no indicators of impairment that would cause it to believe that it is more likely than not that the fair value of it's reporting units is less than the carrying value. Accordingly, a detailed impairment test has not been performed and no goodwill impairment charges were recorded in connection with the interim impairment review.

14

ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

7. INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Intangible assets consisted of the following items as of the dates indicated (in thousands):

	March 31, 2016							December 31, 2015
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount
Tradename/trademark *	$	12,471	$	(1,358	)	$	11,113	$	12,442	$	(1,271	)	$	11,171
Core technology	15,397		(8,505		)	6,892		15,149		(7,817		)	7,332
Customer relationships	26,422		(17,348		)	9,074		26,245		(16,603		)	9,642
Website	12		(12		)	—		12		(12		)	—
Patents	300		(211		)	89		300		(201		)	99
Total	$	54,602	$	(27,434	)	$	27,168	$	54,148	$	(25,904	)	$	28,244

* Included in the tradename/trademark line above is the Rosetta Stone tradename, which is the Company's only indefinite-lived intangible asset. As of March 31, 2016, the carrying value of the tradename asset was $10.6 million.

Amortization Expense for the Long-lived Intangible Assets

The following table presents amortization of intangible assets included in the related financial statement line items during the respective periods (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended   March 31,
	2016		2015
Included in cost of revenue:
Cost of product revenue	$	48	$	79
Cost of subscription and service revenue	98		67
Total included in cost of revenue	146		146
Included in operating expenses:
Sales and marketing	715		725
Research and development	442		456
General and administrative	—		—
Total included in operating expenses	1,157		1,181
Total	$	1,303	$	1,327

The following table summarizes the estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets for the remaining nine months of 2016 and years thereafter (in thousands):

	As of March 31, 2016
2016 - remaining	$	3,423
2017	4,245
2018	3,651
2019	1,532
2020	1,282
Thereafter	2,428
Total	$	16,561

15

ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

7. INTANGIBLE ASSETS (Continued)

Impairment Reviews of Intangible Assets

The Company also routinely reviews indefinite-lived intangible assets and long-lived assets for potential impairment as part of the Company’s internal control framework. As an indefinite-lived intangible asset, the Rosetta Stone tradename was evaluated as of March 31, 2016 to determine if indicators of impairment exist. The Company concluded that there were no potential indicators of impairment related to this indefinite-lived intangible asset. Additionally all long-lived intangible assets were evaluated to determine if indicators of impairment exist and the Company concluded that there are no potential indicators of impairment.

8. OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

The following table summarizes other current liabilities (in thousands):

	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Accrued marketing expenses	$	16,211	$	20,022
Accrued professional and consulting fees	1,918		1,746
Sales return reserve	2,104		3,728
Sales, withholding and property taxes payable	3,702		3,879
Other	3,465		5,943
Total other current liabilities	$	27,400	$	35,318

9. FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS

Revolving Line of Credit

On October 28, 2014, Rosetta Stone Ltd. (“RSL”), a wholly owned subsidiary of parent company Rosetta Stone Inc., executed a Loan and Security Agreement with Silicon Valley Bank (“Bank”) to obtain a $25.0 million revolving credit facility (the “credit facility”). The Company executed the First Amendment to the credit facility with the Bank effective March 31, 2015, the Second Amendment effective May 1, 2015, the Third Amendment effective June 29, 2015, and the Fourth Amendment effective December 29, 2015. The Company is subject to certain covenants under the Loan and Security Agreement, including financial covenants and limitations on indebtedness, encumbrances, investments and distributions and dispositions of assets, certain of which covenants were amended in the First, Second, Third, and Fourth Amendments, which were primarily amended to reflect updates to the Company's financial outlook. The Third Amendment also changed the definition of "change of control" to eliminate a clause referring to a change in a portion of the Board of Directors within a twelve-month period.

On March 14, 2016, the Company executed the Fifth Amendment to the credit facility. Under the amended agreement, the Company may borrow up to $25.0 million, including a sub-facility, which reduces available borrowings, for letters of credit in an aggregate availability amount of $4.0 million. Borrowings by RSL under the credit facility are guaranteed by the Company as the ultimate parent. The credit facility has a term that expires on January 1, 2018, during which time RSL may borrow and re-pay loan amounts and re-borrow the loan amounts subject to customary borrowing conditions.

The total obligations under the credit facility cannot exceed the lesser of (i) the total revolving commitment of $25.0 million or (ii) the borrowing base, which is calculated as 80% of eligible accounts receivable. As a result, the borrowing base will fluctuate and the Company expects it will follow the general seasonality of cash and accounts receivable (lower in the first half of the year and higher in the second half of the year). If the borrowing base less any outstanding amounts, plus the cash held at SVB ("Availability") is greater than $25.0 million, then the Company may borrow up to an additional $5.0 million, but in no case can borrowings exceed $25.0 million. Interest on borrowings accrue at the Prime Rate provided that the Company maintains a minimum cash and Availability balance of $17.5 million. If cash and Availability is below $17.5 million, interest will accrue at the Prime Rate plus 1%.

Proceeds of loans made under the credit facility may be used as working capital or to fund general business requirements. All obligations under the credit facility, including letters of credit, are secured by a security interest on substantially all of the Company’s assets including intellectual property rights and by a stock pledge by the Company of 100% of its ownership interests in U.S. subsidiaries and 66% of its ownership interests in certain foreign subsidiaries.

16

ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

9. FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS (Continued)

The credit facility contains customary affirmative and negative covenants, including covenants that limit or restrict our ability to, among other things, incur additional indebtedness, dispose of assets, execute a material change in business, acquire or dispose of an entity, grant liens, make share repurchases, and make distributions, including payment of dividends. The Company is required to maintain compliance with a minimum liquidity amount and minimum financial performance requirements, as defined in the credit facility. As of March 31, 2016, the Company was in compliance with all covenants.

The credit facility contains customary events of default, including among others, non-payment defaults, covenant defaults, bankruptcy and insolvency defaults, and a change of control default, in each case, subject to customary exceptions. The occurrence of a default event could result in the Bank’s acceleration of repayment obligations of any loan amounts then outstanding.

As of March 31, 2016, there were no borrowings outstanding and the Company was eligible to borrow $13.5 million of available credit, less $4.0 million in letters of credit that have been issued by the Bank on the Company's behalf. A quarterly commitment fee accrues on any unused portion of the credit facility at a nominal annual rate.

Capital Leases

The Company enters into capital leases under non-committed arrangements for equipment and software. In addition, the Company holds a capital lease for a building near Versailles, France.

During the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company acquired $27,000, and zero, respectively, of equipment or software through the issuance of capital leases.

Future minimum payments under capital leases with initial terms of one year or more are as follows (in thousands):

	As of March 31, 2016
2016-remaining	$	391
2017	670
2018	518
2019	515
2020	510
Thereafter	887
Total minimum lease payments	$	3,491
Less amount representing interest	462
Present value of net minimum lease payments	$	3,029
Less current portion	546
Obligations under capital lease, long-term	$	2,483

10. INCOME TAXES

In accordance with ASC topic 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”), and ASC subtopic 740-270, Income Taxes: Interim Reporting, the income tax provision for the three months ended March 31, 2016 is based on the estimated annual effective tax rate for fiscal year 2016. The estimated effective tax rate may be subject to adjustment in subsequent quarterly periods as the estimates of pretax income for the year, along with other items that may affect the rate, may change and may create a different relationship between domestic and foreign income and loss.

The Company accounts for uncertainty in income taxes under ASC subtopic 740-10-25, Income Taxes: Overall: Background (“ASC 740-10-25”). ASC 740-10-25 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. ASC 740-10-25 also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition.

Valuation Allowance Recorded for Deferred Tax Assets

17

ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

10. INCOME TAXES (Continued)

The Company evaluates the recoverability of its deferred tax assets at each reporting period for each tax jurisdiction and establishes a valuation allowance, if necessary, to reduce the deferred tax asset to an amount that is more likely than not to be recovered. As of March 31, 2016, the analysis of the need for a valuation allowance on U.S. deferred tax assets considered that the U.S. entity has incurred a three-year cumulative loss. As previously disclosed, if the Company does not have sufficient objective positive evidence to overcome a three-year cumulative loss, a valuation allowance may be necessary. In evaluating whether to record a valuation allowance, the guidance in ASC 740 deems that the existence of cumulative losses in recent years is a significant piece of objectively verifiable negative evidence that is difficult to overcome. An enterprise that has cumulative losses is generally prohibited from using an estimate of future earnings to support a conclusion that realization of an existing deferred tax asset is more likely than not.

Consideration has been given to the following positive and negative evidence:

• Three-year cumulative evaluation period ended March 31, 2016 results in a cumulative U.S. pre-tax loss;

• from 2006, when the U.S. entity began filing as a C-corporation for income tax purposes, through 2010, the U.S. entity generated taxable income each year;

• the Company has a history of utilizing all operating tax loss carryforwards and has not had any tax loss carryforwards or credits expire unused;

• lengthy loss carryforward periods of 20 years for U.S. federal and most state jurisdictions apply; and

• the Company incurred a U.S. federal jurisdiction net operating loss for the most recently completed calendar year and has additional net operating loss carryforwards subject to limitation pursuant to IRC Section 382.

As of March 31, 2016, a valuation allowance was provided for the U.S., Japan, China, Hong Kong, Mexico, Spain, France and Brazil where the Company has determined the deferred tax assets will not more likely than not be realized.

Evaluation of the remaining jurisdictions as of March 31, 2016 resulted in the determination that no additional valuation allowances were necessary at this time. However, the Company will continue to assess the need for a valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets in the future and the valuation will be adjusted accordingly, which could materially affect the Company’s financial position and results of operations.

As of March 31, 2016, and December 31, 2015, the Company’s U.S. deferred tax liability was $5.1 million and $4.8 million, respectively, related to its goodwill and indefinite lived intangibles. As of March 31, 2016 the Company had foreign net deferred tax liabilities of $0.1 million compared to foreign net deferred tax liabilities of $0.2 million at December 31, 2015. As of March 31, 2016, and December 31, 2015, the Company had no unrecognized tax benefits.

For the three months ended March 31, 2016 the Company recorded an income tax expense of $0.4 million. The expense in the current period is made up of tax expense related to current year profits of operations in Germany and the U.K. Additionally, the tax expense relates to the tax impact of the amortization of indefinite-lived intangible assets and the inability to recognize tax benefits associated with current year losses of operations in all other foreign jurisdictions and in the U.S. due to the valuation allowance recorded against the deferred tax asset balances of these entities. These tax expenses are partially offset by tax benefits related to current year losses in Canada.

11. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

2006 Stock Incentive Plan

On January 4, 2006, the Company established the Rosetta Stone Inc. 2006 Stock Incentive Plan (the "2006 Plan") under which the Company's Board of Directors, at its discretion, could grant stock options to employees and certain directors of the Company and affiliated entities. The 2006 Plan initially authorized the grant of stock options for up to 1,942,200 shares of common stock. On May 28, 2008, the Board of Directors authorized the grant of additional stock options for up to 195,000 shares of common stock under the plan, resulting in total stock options available for grant under the 2006 Plan of 2,137,200 as of December 31, 2008. The stock options granted under the 2006 Plan generally expire at the earlier of a specified period after termination of service or the date specified by the Board or its designated committee at the date of grant, but not more than ten years from such grant date. Stock issued as a result of exercises of stock options will be issued from the Company's authorized available stock.

18

ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

11. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (Continued)

2009 Omnibus Incentive Plan

On February 27, 2009, the Company's Board of Directors approved the 2009 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the "2009 Plan") that provides for the ability of the Company to grant up to 2,437,744 of new stock incentive awards or options including Incentive and Nonqualified Stock Options, Stock Appreciation Rights, Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units, Performance Units, Performance Shares, Performance based Restricted Stock, Share Awards, Phantom Stock and Cash Incentive Awards. The stock incentive awards and options granted under the 2009 Plan generally expire at the earlier of a specified period after termination of service or the date specified by the Board or its designated committee at the date of grant, but not more than ten years from such grant date. Concurrent with the approval of the 2009 Plan, the 2006 Plan was terminated for purposes of future grants.

On May 26, 2011 the Board of Directors authorized and the Company's shareholders' approved the allocation of an additional 1,000,000 shares of common stock to the 2009 Plan. On May 23, 2012, the Board of Directors authorized and the Company's shareholders approved the allocation of 1,122,930 additional shares of common stock to the 2009 Plan. On May 23, 2013, the Board of Directors authorized and the Company's shareholders approved the allocation of 2,317,000 additional shares of common stock to the 2009 Plan. On May 20, 2014, the Board of Directors authorized and the Company's shareholders approved the allocation of 500,000 additional shares of common stock to the 2009 Plan. On June 12, 2015, the Board of Directors authorized and the Company's shareholders approved the allocation of 1,200,000 additional shares of common stock to the 2009 Plan. At March 31, 2016 there were 2,358,514 shares available for future grant under the 2009 Plan.

In accordance with ASC 718, the fair value of stock-based awards to employees is calculated as of the date of grant. Compensation expense is then recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award. The Company uses the Black-Scholes pricing model to value its stock options, which requires the use of estimates, including future stock price volatility, expected term and forfeitures. Stock-based compensation expense recognized is based on the estimated portion of the awards that are expected to vest. Estimated forfeiture rates were applied in the expense calculation.

For the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, the fair value of options granted was calculated using the following assumptions:  

	Three Months Ended   March 31,
	2016	2015
Expected stock price volatility	46.1%-47.0%	62.6%-63.1%
Expected term of options	6 years	6 years
Expected dividend yield	—	—
Risk-free interest rate	1.24%-1.50%	1.19%-1.57%

The following table presents stock-based compensation expense included in the related financial statement line items (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended   March 31,
	2016			2015
Included in cost of revenue:
Cost of product revenue	$	1		$	22
Cost of subscription and service revenue	(17		)	11
Total included in cost of revenue	(16		)	33
Included in operating expenses:
Sales and marketing	79			361
Research and development	(119		)	140
General and administrative	477			753
Total included in operating expenses	437			1,254
Total	$	421		$	1,287

19

ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

11. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (Continued)

Stock Options

The following table summarizes the Company's stock option activity from January 1, 2016 to March 31, 2016:

	Options Outstanding		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Contractual Life (years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Options Outstanding, January 1, 2016	1,837,165		$	10.58	7.70	$	130,262
Options granted	391,939		7.46
Options exercised	(7,117	)	4.09
Options canceled	(67,749	)	11.59
Options Outstanding, March 31, 2016	2,154,238		10.01		7.91	112,622
Vested and expected to vest March 31, 2016	1,966,909		10.16		7.74	112,622
Exercisable at March 31, 2016	1,269,498		$	10.49	7.12	$	112,622

As of March 31, 2016, there was approximately $4.9 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to non-vested stock option awards that is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.92 years.

Stock options are granted at the discretion of the Board of Directors or the Compensation Committee (or its authorized member(s)) and expire 10 years from the date of the grant. Options generally vest over a four-year period based upon required service conditions. No options have performance or market conditions. The Company calculates the pool of additional paid-in capital associated with excess tax benefits in accordance with ASC 718.

Restricted Stock Awards

The following table summarizes the Company's restricted stock award activity from January 1, 2016 to March 31, 2016:

	Nonvested Outstanding		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Nonvested Awards, January 1, 2016	341,579		$	10.61	$	3,624,153
Awards granted	143,655		7.46
Awards vested	(75,511	)	10.62
Awards canceled	(11,972	)	11.37
Nonvested Awards, March 31, 2016	397,751		$	9.45	$	3,757,554

As of March 31, 2016, future compensation cost related to the nonvested portion of the restricted stock awards not yet recognized in the consolidated statement of operations was $3.5 million and is expected to be recognized over a period of 2.54 years.

Restricted stock awards are granted at the discretion of the Board of Directors or Compensation Committee (or its authorized member(s)). Restricted stock awards generally vest over a four-year period based upon required service conditions.

20

ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

11. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (Continued)

Restricted Stock Units

The following table summarizes the Company's restricted stock unit activity from January 1, 2016 to March 31, 2016:

	Units Outstanding		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Units Outstanding, January 1, 2016	187,942		$	11.16	$	1,257,332
Units granted	—		—		—
Units released	(20,201	)	10.77
Units cancelled	(5,589	)	8.50
Units Outstanding, March 31, 2016	162,152		11.30		1,088,040
Vested and expected to vest at March 31, 2016	123,674		8.50		85,226
Vested and deferred at March 31, 2016	110,973		$	12.60	$	744,629

As of March 31, 2016, no restricted stock units were granted to members of the Board of Directors as part of their compensation packages. Restricted stock units convert to common stock following the separation of service with the Company. Beginning June 2015, all restricted stock unit awards vest quarterly over a one year period from the date of grant, with expense recognized straight-line over the vesting period. Prior to June 2015, all restricted stock unit awards were immediately vested with expense recognized in full on the grant date. The Company's restricted stock units are accounted for as equity awards. The grant date fair value is based on the market price of the Company's common stock at the date of grant. The Company did not grant any restricted stock units prior to April 2009.

12. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

At March 31, 2016, the Company's Board of Directors had the authority to issue 200,000,000 shares of stock, of which 190,000,000 were designated as Common Stock, with a par value of $0.00005 per share, and 10,000,000 were designated as Preferred Stock, with a par value of $0.001 per share. At March 31, 2016, the Company had shares of common stock issued of 23,308,635 and shares of common stock outstanding of 22,308,635.

On May 8, 2013, the Company filed a universal shelf registration statement to offer equity or issue debt in the amount of $150.0 million, which became effective on May 30, 2013. The registration statement permitted certain holders of the Company’s stock to offer the shares of common stock held by them. On June 11, 2013 the selling shareholders, ABS Capital Partners IV Trust and Norwest Equity Partners VIII, LP, sold a combined total of 3,490,000 shares at an offering price of $16.00 per share. During November and December 2013, ABS Capital Partners IV Trust sold the remainder of its common stock holdings in the Company. The Company issued and sold an additional 10,000 shares of common stock at a per share price of $16.00 in the offering.

On August 22, 2013, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program under which the Company is authorized to repurchase up to $25 million of its outstanding common stock from time to time in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions depending on market conditions, other corporate considerations, debt facility covenants and other contractual limitations, and applicable legal requirements. For the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company paid $11.4 million to repurchase 1,000,000 shares at a weighted average price of $11.44 per share as part of this program. No shares were repurchased during 2014, 2015, or the three months ended March 31, 2016. Shares repurchased under the program were recorded as treasury stock on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. The shares repurchased under this program during the year ended December 31, 2013 were not the result of an accelerated share repurchase agreement. Management has not made a decision on whether shares purchased under this program will be retired or reissued.

21

ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

13. RESTRUCTURING

2016 Restructuring Plan

In the first quarter of 2016, the Company announced and initiated actions with an intent to exit the direct sales presence in almost all of its non-U.S. and non-northern European geographies related to the distribution of Enterprise & Education Language offerings. The Company will also look to initiate processes to close its software development operations in France and China. 

Restructuring charges included in the Company’s unaudited consolidated statement of operations related to the 2016 Restructuring Plan include the following:

• Employee severance and related benefits costs incurred in connection with headcount reductions involving employees primarily in China, Brazil, Canada, Spain, Mexico, U.S. and the U.K.; and

• Other related costs.

The following table summarizes activity with respect to the restructuring charges for the 2016 Restructuring Plan during the three months ended March 31, 2016 (in thousands):

	Balance at January 1, 2016		Cost Incurred		Cash Payments			Other Adjustments (1)		Balance at March 31, 2016
Severance costs	$	—	$	2,149	$	(369	)	$	—	$	1,780
Other costs	—		256		—			—		256
Total	$	—	$	2,405	$	(369	)	$	—	$	2,036

(1) Other Adjustments includes non-cash period changes in the liability balance, which may include non-cash stock compensation expense and foreign currency translation adjustments.

2015 Restructuring Plan

In the first quarter of 2015, the Company announced and initiated actions to reduce headcount and other costs in order to support its strategic shift in business focus. The Company committed to the 2015 Restructuring Plan and has completed a large portion of the 2015 Restructuring Plan as of March 31, 2016. The Company does not expect to incur any additional restructuring costs in connection with the 2015 Restructuring Plan.

Restructuring charges included in the Company’s unaudited consolidated statement of operations related to the 2015 Restructuring Plan include the following:

• Employee severance and related benefits costs incurred in connection with headcount reductions involving employees primarily in the U.S. and the U.K.;

• Contract termination costs; and

• Other related costs.

The following table summarizes activity with respect to the restructuring charges for the 2015 Restructuring Plan during the three months ended March 31, 2016 (in thousands):

	Balance at January 1, 2016		Cost Incurred		Cash Payments			Other Adjustments (1)		Balance at March 31, 2016
Severance costs	$	252	$	104	$	(238	)	$	—	$	118
Contract termination costs	—		—		—			—		—
Other costs	—		—		—			—		—
Total	$	252	$	104	$	(238	)	$	—	$	118

(1) Other Adjustments includes non-cash period changes in the liability balance, which may include non-cash stock compensation expense and foreign currency translation adjustments.

ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

13. RESTRUCTURING (Continued)

ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

13. RESTRUCTURING (Continued)

Restructuring Cost

The following table summarizes the major types of costs associated with the 2016 and 2015 Restructuring Plans for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, and total costs incurred through March 31, 2016 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended   March 31,				Incurred through
	2016		2015		March 31, 2016
Severance costs	$	2,253	$	6,013	$	9,493
Contract termination costs	—		—		1,134
Other costs	256		246		673
Total	$	2,509	$	6,259	$	11,300

As of March 31, 2016, the entire restructuring liability of $2.2 million was classified as a current liability within accrued compensation and other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

The following table presents total restructuring costs associated with the 2016 and 2015 Restructuring Plans included in the related line items of our Statement of Operations (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended   March 31,
	2016		2015
Cost of revenue	$	95	$	37
Sales and marketing	1,485		3,124
Research and development	349		604
General and administrative	580		2,494
Total	$	2,509	$	6,259

These restructuring expenses are not allocated to any reportable segment under our definition of segment contribution as defined in Note 16 "Segment Information."

At each reporting date, the Company will evaluate its accrued restructuring costs to ensure the liabilities reported are still appropriate. Any changes to the estimated costs of executing approved restructuring plans will be reflected in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

14. LEASE ABANDONMENT AND TERMINATION

As part of the Company’s effort to reduce general and administrative expenses through a planned space consolidation at its Arlington, Virginia headquarters location, the Company incurred lease abandonment charges of $3.2 million in the first quarter of 2014. Prior to January 31, 2014, the Company occupied the 6^th and 7^th floors at its Arlington, Virginia headquarters. The Company estimated the liability under operating lease agreements and accrued lease abandonment costs in accordance with ASC 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligation ("ASC 420"), as the Company has no future economic benefit from the abandoned space and the lease does not terminate until December 31, 2018. All leased space related to the 6^th floor was abandoned and ceased to be used by the Company on January 31, 2014.

23

ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

14. LEASE ABANDONMENT AND TERMINATION (Continued)

A summary of the Company’s lease abandonment activity for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 is as follows (in thousands):

	As of March 31,
	2016			2015
Accrued lease abandonment costs, beginning of period	$	1,281		$	1,679
Costs incurred and charged to expense	—			—
Principal reductions	(110		)	(129		)
Accrued lease abandonment costs, end of period	$	1,171		$	1,550
Accrued lease abandonment costs liability:
Short-term	$	443		$	462
Long-term	728			1,088
Total	$	1,171		$	1,550

15. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Operating Leases

The Company leases copiers, parking spaces, buildings, a warehouse and office space under operating lease and site license arrangements, some of which contain renewal options. Building, warehouse and office space leases range from 12 months to 74 months. Certain leases also include lease renewal options.

The following table summarizes future minimum operating lease payments for the remaining nine months of 2016 and the years thereafter (in thousands):

	As of March 31, 2016
Periods Ending December 31,
2016-remaining	$	4,007
2017	4,366
2018	3,829
2019	1,253
2020	962
Thereafter	589
Total	$	15,006

Total expenses under operating leases are $1.1 million and $1.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. 

The Company accounts for its leases under the provisions of ASC topic 840, Accounting for Leases ("ASC 840"), and subsequent amendments, which require that leases be evaluated and classified as operating leases or capital leases for financial reporting purposes. Certain operating leases contain rent escalation clauses, which are recorded on a straight-line basis over the initial term of the lease with the difference between the rent paid and the straight-line rent recorded as either a deferred rent asset or liability depending on the calculation. Lease incentives received from landlords are recorded as deferred rent liabilities and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the lease term as a reduction to rent expense.

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ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

15. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Continued)

Litigation

In June 2011, Rosetta Stone GmbH, a subsidiary of the Company, was served with a writ filed by Langenscheidt KG ("Langenscheidt") in the District Court of Cologne, Germany alleging trademark infringement due to Rosetta Stone GmbH’s use of the color yellow on its packaging of its language-learning software and the advertising thereof in Germany. Langenscheidt sought relief in the form of monetary damages and injunctive relief; however there has not been a demand for a specific amount of monetary damages and there has been no specific damage amount awarded to Langenscheidt.  In January 2012, the District Court of Cologne ordered an injunction against specific uses of the color yellow made by Rosetta Stone GmbH in packaging, on its website and in television commercials and declared Rosetta Stone GmbH liable for damages, attorneys’ fees and costs to Langenscheidt. In its decision, the District Court of Cologne also ordered the destruction of Rosetta Stone GmbH’s product and packaging which utilized the color yellow and which was deemed to have infringed Langenscheidt’s trademark. The Court of Appeals in Cologne and the German Federal Supreme Court have affirmed the District Court's decision.  The Company has filed special complaints with the German Federal Supreme Court and the German Constitutional Court directed to constitutional issues in the German Federal Supreme Court’s decision.

In August 2011, Rosetta Stone GmbH commenced a separate proceeding for the cancellation of Langenscheidt’s German trademark registration of yellow as an abstract color mark. In June 2012, the German Patent and Trademark Office rendered a decision in the cancellation proceeding denying our request to cancel Langenscheidt’s German trademark registration. The German Federal Supreme Court has denied Rosetta Stone GmbH's further appeal but has not yet issued its written decision denying further appeal. A constitutional complaint was filed with the German Federal Supreme Court in May 2015.

In October 2015, the parties subsequently engaged in further settlement discussions and executed a settlement agreement. Pursuant to this settlement agreement, in January 2016, Rosetta Stone GmbH paid a lump sum of $0.4 million in full settlement of all financial claims resulting from the proceedings, including damages and cost reimbursement to Langenscheidt. Both parties have withdrawn the pending motions. As of March 31, 2016, the Company considers this matter closed.

From time to time, the Company has been subject to various claims and legal actions in the ordinary course of its business. The Company is not currently involved in any legal proceeding the ultimate outcome of which, in its judgment based on information currently available, would have a material impact on its business, financial condition or results of operations.

16. SEGMENT INFORMATION

In March 2016, the Company announced its strategy to position the organization for success. The Company has prioritized the growth of literacy sales and is taking actions to align resources to drive this growth. As a result of this shift, the Company reevaluated its segment structure. Prior to the strategy shift, the Company was managed in two operating segments - "Enterprise & Education" and "Consumer". Following the shift, the Company is managed in three operating segments - "Enterprise & Education Language", "Literacy", and "Consumer". The new Literacy segment was previously a component of the "Enterprise & Education" segment and is comprised solely of the Lexia business. The Literacy segment focuses on delivering subscription-based English literacy-learning and assessment solutions to grades pre-K through 12. The Company's current operating segments also represent the Company's reportable segments. The Company will continue to evaluate its management reporting and will update its operating and reportable segments as appropriate.

The Company assesses profitability of each segment in terms of segment contribution. Segment contribution is the measure of profitability used by our Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM"). The CODM assesses profitability and performance of the Company on its current operating segments. Segment contribution includes segment revenue and expenses incurred directly by the segment, including material costs, service costs, customer care and coaching costs, sales and marketing expenses, and bad debt expense. Segment contribution excludes depreciation, amortization, stock compensation, research and development, restructuring related and other non-recurring expenses. The Company does not allocate expenses beneficial to all segments, which includes certain general and administrative expenses such as legal fees, payroll processing fees, and accounting related expenses. These expenses are included in the unallocated expenses section of the table presented below. Revenue from transactions between the Company's operating segments is not material. Prior periods have been reclassified to reflect our current segment presentation and definition of segment contribution.

With the exception of goodwill, the Company does not identify or allocate its assets by operating segment. Consequently, the Company does not present assets or liabilities by operating segment.

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ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

16. SEGMENT INFORMATION (Continued)

Operating results by segment for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended   March 31,
	2016			2015
Revenue:
Enterprise & Education Language	$	18,331		$	18,998
Literacy	7,577			4,170
Consumer	22,094			35,274
Total revenue	$	48,002		$	58,442
Segment contribution:
Enterprise & Education Language	6,100			4,195
Literacy	1,038			(124		)
Consumer	4,949			7,321
Total segment contribution	$	12,087		$	11,392
Unallocated expenses, net:
Unallocated cost of sales	1,021			662
Unallocated sales and marketing	2,547			4,500
Unallocated research and development	6,571			8,972
Unallocated general and administrative	10,135			14,994
Unallocated non-operating expense/(income)	(1,129		)	1,665
Unallocated impairment	—			291
Unallocated lease abandonment expense	—			—
Total unallocated expenses, net	$	19,145		$	31,084
Loss before income taxes	$	(7,058	)	$	(19,692	)

Geographic Information

Revenue by major geographic region is based primarily upon the geographic location of the customers who purchase the Company's products. The geographic locations of distributors and resellers who purchase and resell the Company's products may be different from the geographic locations of end customers.

The information below summarizes revenue from customers by geographic area for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended   March 31,
	2016		2015
United States	$	39,795	$	46,189
International	8,207		12,253
Total	$	48,002	$	58,442

The information below summarizes long-lived assets by geographic area classified as held and used as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 (in thousands):

	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
United States	$	19,460	$	18,704
International	3,809		3,828
Total	$	23,269	$	22,532

26

ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

16. SEGMENT INFORMATION (Continued)

Revenue by Type

The Company earns revenue from the sale of language-learning, literacy and brain fitness products and services. The information below summarizes revenue by type for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended   March 31,
	2016		2015
Language learning	$	39,227	$	53,165
Literacy	7,577		4,170
Brain fitness	1,198		1,107
Total	$	48,002	$	58,442

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Item 2.    Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this "Report") and other statements or presentations made from time to time by the Company contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, which can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts, often include words such as "believes," "expects," "anticipates," "estimates," "intends," "plans," "seeks" or words of similar meaning, or future-looking or conditional verbs, such as "will," "should," "could," "may," "might," "aims," "intends," or "projects." However, the absence of these words or similar expressions does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking.  These statements may relate to: our revised business strategy; guidance or projections related to revenue, Adjusted EBITDA, bookings, and other measures of future economic performance; the contributions and performance of our businesses including acquired businesses and international operations; projections for future capital expenditures; and other guidance, projections, plans, objectives, and related estimates and assumptions.  A forward-looking statement is neither a prediction nor a guarantee of future events or circumstances, and those future events or circumstances might not occur.  Management believes that these forward-looking statements are reasonable as and when made.  However, caution should be taken not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements because such statements speak only as of the date when made.  We expressly disclaim any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.  In addition, forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from our present guidance, expectations or projections.  These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those described below, those discussed in the sections titled "Risk Factors" in Part II, Item 1A of this Report and those described from time to time in our future reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. This section should be read together with our unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes set forth elsewhere in this Report and should be read together with our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 14, 2016. 

Overview

Rosetta Stone Inc. ("Rosetta Stone," the "Company," "we" or "us") is dedicated to changing people's lives through the power of language and literacy education. Our innovative, personalized language and reading programs drive positive learning outcomes in thousands of schools, businesses, government organizations and for millions of individuals around the world. Our cloud-based programs allow users to learn online or on-the-go via tablet or smartphone, whether in a classroom, corporate setting, or personal learning environment. Rosetta Stone is also a leader in the literacy education space, helping millions of students build fundamental reading skills. Additionally, our Fit Brains business offers personalized brain training programs that are both exciting and challenging.

Rosetta Stone Inc. was incorporated in Delaware in 2005. Founded in 1992, Rosetta Stone pioneered the use of interactive software to accelerate language learning and is widely recognized today as the industry leader in providing effective language programs. Today we offer courses in 30 languages across a broad range of formats, including web-based software subscriptions, digital downloads, mobile applications, and perpetual CD packages. Rosetta Stone has continued to invest in language learning and expanded beyond language learning and deeper into education-technology with its acquisitions of Livemocha Inc. ("Livemocha") and Lexia Learning Systems Inc. ("Lexia") in 2013 and Vivity Labs, Inc. ("Vivity") and Tell Me More S.A. ("Tell Me More") in January 2014. These acquisitions have enabled us to meet the changing needs of learners around the world.

As our Company has evolved, we believe that our Enterprise & Education Language and Literacy segments are our largest opportunity for long-term value creation. The customers in these markets have demands that recur each year, creating a more predictable revenue opportunity. This demand profile also fits well with our suite of products and the well-known Rosetta Stone brand. We also believe the demand is growing for e-learning based literacy solutions in the U.S. and English language-learning around the globe.

As a result, we are emphasizing the development of products and solutions for Corporate and K-12 learners who need to speak and read English. This focus extends to the Consumer segment, where we continue to make product investments serving the needs of passionate language learners who are motivated, results focused and willing to pay for a quality language-learning experience.

To position the organization for success, we have begun and will continue to focus on the following four priorities:

1. Grow literacy sales by providing fully aligned digital instruction and assessment tools for K-12, building a direct distribution sales force to replace our historical reseller model, and continuing to develop our implementation services business;

2. Position our Enterprise & Education Language segment for profitable growth by focusing on our best geographies and customer segments and successfully delivering a new language-learning suite for Corporate customers that offers a

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simple, more modern, metrics-driven suite of tools that are results-oriented and easily integrated with leading corporate language-learning systems;

3. Maximize the profitability of our Consumer language business by providing an attractive value proposition and a streamlined, mobile-oriented product portfolio focused on consumers' demand, while optimizing our marketing spend appropriately; and

4. Right-size the entire cost base of the Company, including

◦optimizing our media spend and other marketing costs in Consumer sales and marketing;

◦ right-sizing our Enterprise & Education Language segment to target those geographies and customer segments where we have the greatest opportunity; and

◦reducing our general and administrative costs.

In pursuing these priorities, we will (i) allocate capital to the areas of our business that we believe have the greatest growth potential, including our literacy-learning business, (ii) focus our businesses on their best customers, including Corporate and K-12 learners primarily in North America and Northern Europe in our Enterprise & Education Language segment and passionate learners in the United States and select non-US geographies in our Consumer language business, and (iii) optimize the sales and marketing costs for these businesses and the costs of our business overall.

On March 14, 2016, we announced the 2016 Restructuring Plan, outlining our intent to exit the direct sales presence in almost all of our non-U.S. and non-northern European geographies related to the distribution of the Enterprise & Education Language offerings. Where appropriate, we seek to operate through partners in the geographies being exited. We also look to initiate processes to close the software development operations in France and China. These actions are additive to the 2015 Restructuring Plan to accelerate and prioritize our focus on satisfying the needs of more passionate Corporate and K-12 learners, and emphasizing those who need to speak and read English. If our intentions are realized, the 2016 Restructuring Plan will reduce headcount by approximately 17% of our year-end 2015 full-time workforce and is expected to result in annual cost savings of approximately $19.0 million. As it will take time to exit certain geographies, the full benefit of these changes will not be realized until the later half of 2016 and early 2017. See Note 2 "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" and Note 13 "Restructuring" of Part 1 - Item 1, Financial Statements for additional information about these strategic undertakings.

In conjunction with the 2016 and 2015 Restructuring Plans, outside financial and legal advisors have been retained to assist management and the Board of Directors with their ongoing comprehensive review to analyze potential options to improve financial performance and enhance shareholder value.

As a result of the strategic reorganization and realignment of the business, as of March 31, 2016, we currently have three operating segments, Enterprise & Education Language, Literacy, and Consumer, rather than the two operating segments (Enterprise & Education and Consumer) we had as of December 31, 2015. The Enterprise & Education Language segment derives language learning revenue from sales to educational institutions, government agencies and corporations worldwide. The Literacy segment derives revenue from the sales of literacy solutions to pre-K-12 educational institutions. The Consumer segment derives revenue from sales to individuals and retail partners. We discuss the profitability of each segment in terms of segment contribution. Segment contribution is the measure of profitability used by our Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM"). Segment contribution includes segment revenue and expenses incurred directly by the segment, including material costs, service costs, customer care and coaching costs, sales and marketing expense and bad debt expense.

Enterprise & Education Language segment contribution increased to $6.1 million with segment contribution margin of 33% for the three months ended March 31, 2016 as compared to segment contribution of $4.2 million and segment contribution margin of 22% for the three months ended March 31, 2015. The dollar and margin increases were primarily due to lower sales and marketing expenses due to a reduced headcount and other cost saving measures. Literacy segment contribution increased to $1.0 million with segment contribution margin of 14% for the three months ended March 31, 2016 as compared to a segment contribution loss of $0.1 million and segment contribution margin of negative 3% for the three months ended March 31, 2015. The dollar and margin increases were primarily due to the larger revenue base on which segment contribution is calculated, slightly offset by an increase in sales and marketing expense due to the transition to a direct sales team and support infrastructure. Excluding purchase accounting effects on acquired deferred revenue and deferred commissions, Literacy segment contribution would have increased to $1.8 million with segment contribution margin of 20% for the three months ended March 31, 2016 as compared to similarly adjusted segment contribution of $1.1 million and segment contribution margin of 18% for the three months ended March 31, 2015. The reconciliation from segment contribution includes additional revenue and commissions of $2.3 million and $1.1 million, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and additional revenue and commissions of $1.4 million and $0.6 million, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2016. Consumer segment contribution decreased from $7.3 million with a segment contribution margin of 21% for the three months ended

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March 31, 2015 to $4.9 million with a segment contribution margin of 22% for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The dollar decrease in Consumer segment contribution reflects the $13.2 million decrease in Consumer revenue. The Consumer segment contribution margin increased due to a reduction in media spend and other cost reduction initiatives to align Consumer segment spending with our strategic focus on the Enterprise & Education Language and Literacy segments.

Over the last few years, our Consumer strategy has been to shift more and more of our Consumer business to online subscriptions, digital downloads and mobile apps and away from perpetual CD packages. We believe that these online subscription formats provide customers with an overall better experience and the flexibility to use our products on multiple platforms (i.e., tablets and mobile phones), and is a more economical and relevant way for us to deliver our products to customers. One challenge to encouraging customers to enter into or renew a subscription arrangement is that usage of our product varies greatly, ranging from customers that purchase but do not have any usage to customers with high usage. The majority of purchasers tend towards the lower end of that spectrum, with most usage coming in the first few months after purchase and declining over time - similar to a gym membership. We expect the trend in Consumer subscription sales to accelerate in 2016 as customer preferences continue to move towards mobile experiences. Over the approximate next 18 months, we intend to move all of our Consumer business to subscription sales.

For additional information regarding our segments, see Note 16 "Segment Information" of Part 1 - Item 1, Financial Statements. For additional information regarding fluctuations in segment revenue, see Results of Operations, below. Prior periods have been reclassified to reflect our current operating segment presentation and definition of segment contribution.

Components of Our Statement of Operations

Revenue

We derive revenue from sales of language-learning, literacy, and brain fitness solutions. Revenue is presented as product revenue or subscription and service revenue in our consolidated financial statements. Product revenue primarily consists of revenue from our perpetual language-learning product software, our audio practice products, and certain mobile applications. Our audio practice products are often combined with our language-learning software and sold as a solution. Subscription and service revenue consists of sales from web-based software subscriptions, online services, professional services, and certain mobile applications. Our online services are typically sold in short-term service periods and include dedicated online conversational coaching services and access to online communities of language learners. Our professional services include training and implementation services.

In the Consumer market, our perpetual product software is often bundled with our short-term online conversational coaching and online community services and sold as a package. Approximately $25 to $39 in revenue per unit is derived from these short-term online services. As a result, we typically defer 10% to 35% of the revenue of each of these bundled sales to be recognized over the term of the service period. The content of our perpetual product software and our web-based language-learning subscription offerings are the same. We offer our customers the ability to choose which format they prefer without differentiating the learning experience.

We sell our solutions directly and indirectly to individuals, educational institutions, corporations, and governmental agencies. We sell to enterprise and education organizations primarily through our direct sales force as well as through our network of resellers and organizations who typically gain access to our solutions under a web-based subscription service. We distribute our Consumer products predominantly through our direct sales channels, primarily our websites and call centers, which we refer to as our direct-to-consumer channel. We also distribute our Consumer products through select third-party retailers and distributors. For purposes of explaining variances in our revenue, we separately discuss changes in our Enterprise & Education Language, Literacy, and our Consumer sales channels because the customers and revenue drivers of these channels are different.

Within our Enterprise & Education Language segment, revenue in our education, government, and corporate sales channels are seasonally stronger in the second half of the calendar year due to purchasing and budgeting cycles. Our Literacy segment revenue is seasonally stronger in the second quarter of the calendar year corresponding to school district budget years. Our Consumer revenue is affected by seasonal trends associated with the holiday shopping season. We expect these trends to continue.

Cost of Product and Subscription and Service Revenue

Cost of product revenue consists of the direct and indirect materials and labor costs to produce and distribute our products. Such costs include packaging materials, computer headsets, freight, inventory receiving, personnel costs associated with product assembly, third-party royalty fees and inventory storage, obsolescence and shrinkage. The cost of subscription and service revenue primarily represents costs associated with supporting our web-based subscription services and online language-learning services, which includes online language conversation coaching, hosting costs and depreciation. We also include the

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cost of credit card processing and customer technical support in both cost of product revenue and cost of subscription and service revenue.

Operating Expenses

We classify our operating expenses into the following categories: sales and marketing, research and development, and general and administrative. When certain events occur, we also recognize operating expenses related to asset impairment and operating lease terminations.

Our operating expenses primarily consist of personnel costs, direct advertising and marketing expenses and professional fees associated with contract product development, legal, accounting and consulting. Personnel costs for each category of operating expenses include salaries, bonuses, stock-based compensation and employee benefit costs. Included within our operating expenses are restructuring costs that consist primarily of employee severance and related benefit costs, contract termination costs, and other related costs associated with our restructuring activities.

Sales and Marketing.    Our sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of direct advertising expenses related to television, print, radio, online and other direct marketing activities, personnel costs for our sales and marketing staff, and commissions earned by our sales personnel. Sales commissions are generally paid at the time the customer is invoiced. However, sales commissions are deferred and recognized as expense in proportion to when the related revenue is recognized.

Research and Development.    Research and development expenses consist primarily of employee compensation costs, consulting fees, and overhead costs associated with development of our solutions. Our development efforts are primarily based in the U.S. and are devoted to modifying and expanding our offering portfolio through the addition of new content and new paid and complementary products and services to our language-learning, literacy, and brain fitness solutions.

General and Administrative.    General and administrative expenses consist primarily of shared services, such as personnel costs of our executive, finance, legal, human resources and other administrative personnel, as well as accounting and legal professional services fees including professional service fees related to acquisition and other corporate expenses.

Impairment.   Impairment expenses consist primarily of goodwill impairment and impairment expense related to the abandonment of previously capitalized internal-use software projects.

Interest and Other Income (Expense)

Interest and other income (expense) primarily consist of interest income, interest expense, foreign exchange gains and losses, income from litigation settlements, and income or loss from equity method investments. Interest income represents interest received on our cash and cash equivalents. Interest expense is primarily related to interest on our capital leases and amortization of deferred financing fees associated with our revolving credit facility. Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates in our foreign subsidiaries cause foreign exchange gains and losses. Legal settlements are related to agreed upon settlement payments from various anti-piracy enforcement efforts. Income or loss from equity method investments represents our proportionate share of the net income or loss of our investment in entities accounted for under the equity method.

Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense consists of federal, state and foreign income taxes. We regularly evaluate the recoverability of our deferred tax assets and establish a valuation allowance, if necessary, to reduce the deferred tax assets to an amount that is more likely than not to be realized (a likelihood of more than 50 percent). Significant judgment is required to determine whether a valuation allowance is necessary and the amount of such valuation allowance, if appropriate.

The establishment of a valuation allowance has no effect on the ability to use the deferred tax assets in the future to reduce cash tax payments. We assess the likelihood that the deferred tax assets will be realizable at each reporting period, and the valuation allowance will be adjusted accordingly, which could materially affect our financial position and results of operations.

For the three months ended March 31, 2016, we incurred an income tax expense of $0.4 million, despite incurring losses before taxes of $7.1 million, respectively, resulting in worldwide effective tax rates of (6.4)%. This tax rate resulted from tax expense related to current year income of operations in Germany and the U.K. and the tax impact of amortization of indefinite lived intangibles. This was offset by tax benefits related to current year losses in Canada.

For the year ended December 31, 2015, we recorded an income tax benefit of $1.2 million primarily attributable to losses before tax of $45.6 million resulting in worldwide effective tax rate of (2.5)%. The tax rate resulted from tax benefits related to the tax impact of the goodwill impairment charges taken in the first and fourth quarters of 2014 and tax benefits related to current year losses in Canada and France. The tax benefits were only partially offset by tax expense related to income of

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operations in Germany and the U.K., foreign withholding taxes, and the tax impact of amortization of indefinite lived intangible assets.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

In presenting our financial statements in conformity with GAAP, we are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, costs and expenses, and related disclosures.

Some of the estimates and assumptions we are required to make relate to matters that are inherently uncertain as they pertain to future events. We base these estimates and assumptions on historical experience or on various other factors that we believe to be reasonable and appropriate under the circumstances. On an ongoing basis, we reconsider and evaluate our estimates and assumptions. Our future estimates may change if the underlying assumptions change. Actual results may differ significantly from these estimates.

We believe that the following critical accounting policies involve our more significant judgments, assumptions and estimates and, therefore, could have the greatest potential impact on our consolidated financial statements. In addition, we believe that a discussion of these policies is necessary for readers to understand and evaluate our consolidated financial statements contained in this annual report on Form 10-Q:

•Revenue Recognition

•Stock-based Compensation

•Goodwill

•Intangible Assets

•Valuation of Long-Lived Assets

•Restructuring Costs

•Income Taxes

For further information on our critical and other significant accounting policies, see our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 14, 2016. There have been no significant changes in such critical accounting policies and estimates since those disclosed in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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Results of Operations

Comparison of the three months ended March 31, 2016 and the three months ended March 31, 2015

The following table sets forth our consolidated statement of operations for the periods indicated (in thousands, except percentages):

	Three Months Ended March 31,						2016 Versus 2015
	2016			2015			Change			% Change
Revenue:
Product	$	10,031		$	19,974		$	(9,943	)	(49.8	)%
Subscription and service	37,971			38,468			(497		)	(1.3	)%
Total revenue	48,002			58,442			(10,440		)	(17.9	)%
Cost of revenue:
Cost of product revenue	2,645			5,637			(2,992		)	(53.1	)%
Cost of subscription and service revenue	5,403			5,665			(262		)	(4.6	)%
Total cost of revenue	8,048			11,302			(3,254		)	(28.8	)%
Gross profit	39,954			47,140			(7,186		)	(15.2	)%
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing	30,793			40,150			(9,357		)	(23.3	)%
Research and development	6,571			8,972			(2,401		)	(26.8	)%
General and administrative	10,777			15,754			(4,977		)	(31.6	)%
Impairment	—			291			(291		)	(100.0	)%
Total operating expenses	48,141			65,167			(17,026		)	(26.1	)%
Loss from operations	(8,187		)	(18,027		)	9,840			(54.6	)%
Other income and (expense):
Interest income	13			4			9			225.0	%
Interest expense	(112		)	(88		)	(24		)	27.3	%
Other income and (expense)	1,228			(1,581		)	2,809			(177.7	)%
Total other income and (expense)	1,129			(1,665		)	2,794			(167.8	)%
Loss before income taxes	(7,058		)	(19,692		)	12,634			(64.2	)%
Income tax benefit	449			192			257			133.9	%
Net loss	$	(7,507	)	$	(19,884	)	$	12,377		(62.2	)%

Total revenue decreased to $48.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 from $58.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015. The change in revenue is due to a decrease in Consumer revenue of $13.2 million, a decrease in Enterprise & Education revenue of $0.7 million, and an increase in Literacy revenue of $3.4 million.

The operating loss for the three months ended March 31, 2016 totaled $8.2 million, compared to an operating loss of $18.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015. Operating expenses decreased $17.0 million, primarily comprised of decreases of $9.4 million in sales and marketing expenses, $5.0 million in general and administrative expenses, and $2.4 million in research and development expenses. The decrease in operating expenses reflects the cost savings as a result of the actions taken in 2015 to reduce expenses. The overall decrease in operating expenses was partially offset by a decrease in gross profit of $7.2 million, driven by a $10.4 milliondecrease in revenue only partially offset by a $3.3 milliondecrease in cost of revenue.

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The following table sets forth revenue for our three operating segments for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands, except percentages):

	Three Months Ended March 31,								2016 Versus 2015
	2016				2015				Change			% Change
Enterprise & Education Language	$	18,331	38.2	%	$	18,998	32.5	%	$	(667	)	(3.5	)%
Literacy	7,577		15.8	%	4,170		7.1	%	3,407			81.7	%
Consumer	22,094		46.0	%	35,274		60.4	%	(13,180		)	(37.4	)%
Total Revenue	$	48,002	100.0	%	$	58,442	100.0	%	$	(10,440	)	(17.9	)%

Enterprise & Education Language Segment

Enterprise & Education Language revenue decreased $0.7 million, or 4%, from the three months ended March 31, 2015 to the three months ended March 31, 2016. The decrease in Enterprise & Education Language revenue reflects a decrease of $1.2 million in the corporate channel, which was partially offset by increases of $0.3 million and $0.2 million in our education and non-profit channels, respectively. We expect revenue associated with the Enterprise & Education Language business will decline as we execute our strategy to exit our direct presence in unprofitable geographies and manage this business for profitable growth. Where appropriate, we will seek to operate in the geographies we exit through partners.

Literacy Segment

Literacy revenue increased $3.4 million, or 82%, from the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $7.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. Literacy revenue increased, in part, due to the revenue recognition of subscription service contracts recorded as deferred revenue in prior periods. Due to purchase accounting, deferred revenue associated with Lexia was recorded at fair value, which is lower than the book value, and resulted in lower first quarter 2015 revenue. We continue to experience these purchase accounting impacts for the Literacy segment due to the typical subscription length. As a result, we expect year over year revenues to become more comparable as we move beyond the purchase accounting impact, which we expect to result in lower revenue growth rates than what we experienced in the first quarter of 2016. Excluding the impact of purchase accounting, Literacy revenue would have increased $2.5 million, or 38%, from the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $9.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The reconciliation from Literacy revenue includes additional revenue of $2.3 million and $1.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively.

Consumer Segment

Consumer revenue decreased $13.2 million, or 37%, from the three months ended March 31, 2015 to the three months ended March 31, 2016. This decrease was primarily due to reductions in revenue from our direct-to-consumer, retail, and homeschool sales channels of $9.6 million, $3.0 million, and $0.7 million, respectively. These declines reflect the decision to significantly curtail promotional pricing under our strategic transformation. In 2014, we focused on driving customers to purchase through our direct-to-consumer channel, particularly through our website, by implementing more aggressive discounting and promotional activity to combat the introduction of lower priced competitor products. In connection with our recent shift in strategy to focus on the passionate learner, we have been and expect to be more disciplined with pricing, relying much less on discounting, which may continue to negatively impact our Consumer revenue. Our Consumer business is seasonal and typically peaks in the fourth quarter during the holiday shopping season.

Revenue by Product Revenue and Subscription and Service Revenue

We categorize and report our revenue in two categories—product revenue and subscription and service revenue. Product revenue includes revenue allocated to our perpetual language-learning product software, revenue from the sale of audio practice products, and sales of certain mobile applications. Subscription and service revenue includes web-based software subscriptions, online services for our conversational coaching and language-learning community access, as well as revenue from professional services. Subscription and service revenue are typically deferred at the time of sale and then recognized ratably over the subscription or service period. We bundle our perpetual product software with short-term online services. As a result, we typically defer 10% to 35% of the revenue of each of these bundled sales. We recognize the deferred revenue over the term of the service period.

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The following table sets forth revenue for products and subscription and services for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands, except percentages):

	Three Months Ended March 31,								2016 Versus 2015
	2016				2015				Change			% Change
Product	$	10,031	20.9	%	$	19,974	34.2	%	$	(9,943	)	(49.8	)%
Subscription and service	37,971		79.1	%	38,468		65.8	%	(497		)	(1.3	)%
Total revenue	$	48,002	100.0	%	$	58,442	100.0	%	$	(10,440	)	(17.9	)%

Product Revenue

Product revenue decreased $9.9 million, or 50%, to $10.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2016 from $20.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2015. The primary drivers of the decrease in product revenue were decreases of $6.5 million, $3.1 million, and $0.2 million in the direct-to-consumer, retail, and homeschool sales channels, respectively, within our Consumer segment which reflect the decision to significantly curtail promotional pricing under our strategic transformation. The majority of the product revenue decrease was due to the year-over-year decline in product unit sales volume and secondarily due to the decrease in the average sale price of our bundled language-learning software products. We expect a shift away from product revenue as we carry out our strategy to accelerate the migration of our Consumer business to our subscription-based products. However, it is important to note that these subscribers generally only stay for the duration of the subscription period, which could negatively impact our revenue in the future.

Subscription and Service Revenue

Subscription and service revenue decreased $0.5 million, or 1%, to $38.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 from $38.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015. The decrease in subscription and service revenue was due to decreases of $3.3 million in the Consumer segment and $0.6 million in the Enterprise & Education Language segment, mostly offset by an increase of $3.4 million in the Literacy segment. The Consumer segment experienced decreases of $3.1 million and $0.4 million in the direct-to-consumer and homeschool sales channels, respectively, slightly offset by increases of $0.1 million and $0.1 million in the retail and brain fitness sales channels, respectively. The Enterprise & Education Language business realized a decrease of $0.9 million in the corporate sales channel, partially offset by increases of $0.3 million and $0.1 million in our non-profit and eduction sales channels, respectively. These decreases to subscription and service revenue were mostly offset by the 82% increase in Literacy revenue. Our first quarter 2015 subscription and service revenue was lower due to the write-down effects of purchase accounting on the pre-acquisition deferred revenue balances associated with the Lexia acquisition. We continue to experience these purchase accounting impacts in the Literacy segment due to the typical subscription length. As a result, we expect the growth rates from our Literacy segment to lessen over time.

Cost of Product Revenue and Subscription and Service Revenue and Gross Profit

The following table sets forth cost of product revenue and subscription and service revenue, as well as gross profit for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands, except percentages):

	Three Months Ended March 31,						2016 Versus 2015
	2016			2015			Change			% Change
Revenue:
Product	$	10,031		$	19,974		$	(9,943	)	(49.8	)%
Subscription and service	37,971			38,468			(497		)	(1.3	)%
Total revenue	48,002			58,442			(10,440		)	(17.9	)%
Cost of revenue:
Cost of product revenue	2,645			5,637			(2,992		)	(53.1	)%
Cost of subscription and service revenue	5,403			5,665			(262		)	(4.6	)%
Total cost of revenue	8,048			11,302			(3,254		)	(28.8	)%
Gross profit	$	39,954		$	47,140		$	(7,186	)	(15.2	)%
Gross margin percentages	83.2		%	80.7		%	2.5		%

Total cost of revenue decreased $3.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 from $11.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015. The change in total cost of revenue was primarily due to a $1.4 million decrease in physical

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inventory costs due to the reduction in sales, a $0.4 million decrease in communication expense due to a reduction in hosting fees, a $0.3 million decrease in payroll expense primarily driven by the reduced headcount and severance expenses from the 2015 Restructuring Plan, and a $0.3 million decrease in professional services due to reduced spending on outside services for product support.

Cost of Product Revenue

Cost of product revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2016 was $2.6 million, a decrease of $3.0 million, or 53%, from the three months ended March 31, 2015. As a percentage of product revenue, cost of product revenue decreased to 26% for the three months ended March 31, 2016 compared to 28% for the three months ended March 31, 2015. The dollar and percentage decrease in cost of product revenue is primarily due to decreases of $0.8 million, $0.7 million, $0.3 million, $0.3 million, and $0.3 million in inventory costs, payroll and benefits, freight, commission and processing fee costs, respectively, due to the shift away from hard product sales to online subscription sales.

Cost of Subscription and Service Revenue

Cost of subscription and service revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2016 was $5.4 million, a decrease of $0.3 million, or 5%, from the three months ended March 31, 2015. As a percentage of subscription and service revenue, cost of subscription and service revenue decreased to 14% for the three months ended March 31, 2016 compared to 15% for the same prior year period. The dollar and percentage decrease was primarily due to a decrease in expenses as a result of the cost reduction efforts that were partially offset due to increases in allocated costs from a higher allocation rate associated with the increase in subscription and service revenue. We expect the cost of subscription and service revenue will increase as we focus our business around the Enterprise & Education business and accelerate the migration of our Consumer business to our subscription-based products.

Gross Profit

Gross profit decreased $7.2 million to $40.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015. Gross profit percentage increased to 83% from 81% for the three months ended March 31, 2016 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015. The dollar decrease in gross profit was primarily due to the decrease in revenue. The percentage increase in gross profit percentage was primarily due to the decrease in inventory and freight costs associated with hard product sales as we continue to shift to online subscription sales.

Operating Expenses

	Three Months Ended March 31,				2016 Versus 2015
	2016		2015		Change			% Change
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Sales and marketing	$	30,793	$	40,150	$	(9,357	)	(23.3	)%
Research and development	6,571		8,972		(2,401		)	(26.8	)%
General and administrative	10,777		15,754		(4,977		)	(31.6	)%
Impairment	—		291		(291		)	(100.0	)%
Total operating expenses	$	48,141	$	65,167	$	(17,026	)	(26.1	)%

In the first quarter of 2015, we announced and initiated actions to reduce headcount and other costs in order to support our 2015 strategic shift in business focus. In the first quarter of 2016, we announced and initiated actions with an intent to exit the direct sales presence in almost all of our non-U.S. and non-northern European geographies related to the distribution of our Enterprise & Education Language offerings. We will also look to initiate processes to close our software development operations in France and China. 

Included within our operating expenses are restructuring charges related to the 2016 and 2015 Restructuring Plans which relate to employee severance and related benefits costs incurred in connection with headcount reductions, contract termination costs, and other related costs. As a result of these actions, we realized reductions in our operating expenses, primarily associated with reduced payroll and benefits costs.

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The following table presents restructuring costs associated with the 2016 and 2015 Restructuring Plans included in the related line items of our results from operations:

	Three Months Ended   March 31,
	2016		2015
	(in thousands)
Cost of revenue	$	95	$	37
Sales and marketing	1,485		3,124
Research and development	349		604
General and administrative	580		2,494
Total	$	2,509	$	6,259

While there were restructuring plans initiated in each of the three month periods ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, the severance expenses in the first quarter of 2015 were greater than the severance expenses in the first quarter of 2016, primarily due to the reductions in senior management in 2015.

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Sales and marketing expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2016 were $30.8 million, a decrease of $9.4 million, or 23%, from the three months ended March 31, 2015. As a percentage of total revenue, sales and marketing expenses decreased to 64% from 69% for the three months ended March 31, 2016 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015. The decrease in sales and marketing expense was primarily due to decreased payroll, media, marketing and consulting expense driven primarily by decreased headcount and to focus on profitability in the Consumer segment. Payroll and benefit expense decreased $3.4 million due to the lower severance expense associated with the 2016 Restructuring Plan as compared to the 2015 Restructuring Plan and lower salary expense as a result of reduced headcount year-over-year. Media expense related to offline channels like TV, radio, and print decreased by $1.6 million while online and social media expense decreased by $1.5 million as a result of the strategic shift in focus. Professional services fees decreased $1.8 million due to reduced spending on consultants and call center staffing due to the overall reduced focus in the Consumer business. Marketing expenses related to advertising and retail visual displays decreased by $0.8 million year-over-year due to the shift in focus on the Consumer market in 2015. Other expenses associated with training, travel and communications decreased $0.8 million. These decreases were partially offset by an increase of $0.6 million in commission expense primarily to our resellers. In connection with our 2016 strategy, we intend to continue to optimize our Consumer media and marketing costs and manage the Consumer business for profitability and plan to manage the sales and marketing expenses to drive these results.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses were $6.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016, a decrease of $2.4 million, or 27%, from the three months ended March 31, 2015. As a percentage of total revenue, research and development expenses decreased slightly from 15% to 14% for the three months ended March 31, 2016 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015. The overall decrease was primarily due to a decrease in payroll and benefits expense of $1.9 million. These payroll decreases were driven by an increase of $0.6 million in capitalized labor projects during the first quarter of 2016 associated with the development of the Language Learning Suite for Enterprise and other new products, decreases in salary, stock option and severance expense of $0.5 million, $0.3 million and $0.2 million, respectively, due to the reduction in force associated with the 2015 Restructuring Plan, and a decrease in $0.2 million in variable incentive compensation expense based on reduced funding expectations. Professional services expense decreased due to the capitalization of consulting work to develop the Language Learning Suite for Enterprise and other new products. In accordance with our shift in strategy, we continue to focus our product investment on the development of the Language Learning Suite for Enterprise, a single solution that will integrate our foundations, advantage and advanced English for business products, enhance our reporting and administrator tools and extend our assessment capabilities. We expect to maintain our current level of investment in our research and development expenses as we address these initiatives.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses decreased $5.0 million to $10.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 compared to $15.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015. As a percentage of revenue, general and administrative expenses decreased to 22% from 27% for the three months ended March 31, 2016 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015. The primary factor driving the decrease in general and administrative expenses was a reduction in payroll and benefits expense and other decreases in corporate expenses. Payroll and benefits expense decreased by $3.7 million due to the higher restructuring expenses in the first quarter of 2015, decreases of $1.0 million and $0.3 million in salary expense and stock

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compensation expense, respectively, driven by lower headcount, and a decrease of $0.3 million in variable incentive compensation expense based on reduced funding. Software maintenance expenses, strategic business revenue expenses, and communication expenses decreased $0.3 million, $0.3 million, and $0.2 million, respectively, due to cost savings identified in our business review. Bad debt expense decreased $0.2 million due to better collection efforts. We expect our general and administrative expenses to continue to decline as we take steps to reduce costs. Additionally, as a result of shareholder engagement and execution of our accelerated strategy, our general and administrative expenses may increase in the near term.

Impairment

Impairment expenses were zero for the three months ended March 31, 2016, a decrease of $0.3 million, or 100%, from the three months ended March 31, 2015. The decrease was due to the prior period impairment charge of $0.3 million related to the abandonment of a previously capitalized internal-use software project.

Interest and Other Income (Expense)

	Three Months Ended March 31,						2016 Versus 2015
	2016			2015			Change			% Change
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Interest income	$	13		$	4		$	9		225.0	%
Interest expense	(112		)	(88		)	(24		)	27.3	%
Other income and (expense)	1,228			(1,581		)	2,809			(177.7	)%
Total other income and (expense)	$	1,129		$	(1,665	)	$	2,794		(167.8	)%

Interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2016 was $13,000, a increase of $9,000, or 225%, from the three months ended March 31, 2015. Interest income represents interest earned on our cash and cash equivalents.

Interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2016 was $0.1 million, an increase of $24,000 from the three months ended March 31, 2015, attributable to interest on our capital leases and the recognition of our financing fees associated with our undrawn revolving credit facility.

Other income and expense for the three months ended March 31, 2016 was income of $1.2 million, a change of $2.8 million, from an expense of $1.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015. The change is driven by favorable foreign exchange impacts in the current period.

Income Tax Expense

	Three Months Ended March 31,				2016 Versus 2015
	2016		2015		Change		% Change
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Income tax expense	$	449	$	192	$	257	133.9	%

Our income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2016 was $0.4 million, compared to $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015. The increase primarily resulted from the prior year having tax benefits related to the reversal of withholding taxes resulting from an intercompany transaction.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our principal source of liquidity at March 31, 2016 consisted of $43.0 million in cash and cash equivalent and short-term investments, a decrease of $4.8 million compared to December 31, 2015. Our primary operating cash requirements include the payment of salaries, incentive compensation, employee benefits and other personnel related costs, as well as direct advertising expenses, costs of office facilities, and costs of information technology systems. Historically, we have primarily funded these requirements through cash flow from our operations. For the three months ended March 31, 2016, we generated negative cash flows from operations as reflected in our consolidated statements of cash flows.

As part of our strategic shift, we have begun and continue to reorganize our business around our Enterprise & Education Language and Literacy segments while we optimize our Consumer segment for profitability and cash generation. Our operating segments are affected by different sales-to-cash patterns. Within our Enterprise & Education Language and Literacy segments, revenue in our education, government, and corporate sales channels are seasonally stronger in the second half of the calendar year due to purchasing and budgeting cycles. Our Consumer revenue is affected by seasonal trends associated with the holiday shopping season. Consumer sales typically turn to cash more quickly than Enterprise & Education Language and Literacy sales, which tend to have longer collection cycles. Historically, in the first half of the year we have been a net user of cash and in the second half of the year we have been a net generator of cash.  We expect this trend to continue. In 2016, we expect our cash balance to decline in part as we execute the restructuring actions in accordance with our revised strategy and other initiatives, as well as anticipated near-term lower operating results.

We believe our current cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and funds generated from our sales will be sufficient to meet our cash needs for at least the next twelve months. We have generated significant operating losses as reflected in our accumulated deficit and we may continue to incur operating losses in the future that may continue to require additional working capital to execute strategic initiatives to grow our business. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including development of new products, market acceptance of our products, the levels of advertising and promotion required to launch additional products and improve our competitive position in the marketplace, the expansion of our sales, support and marketing organizations, the optimization of office space in the U.S. and worldwide, building the infrastructure necessary to support our growth, the response of competitors to our products and services, and our relationships with suppliers. We extend payments to certain vendors in order to minimize the amount of working capital deployed in the business. In order to maximize our cash position, we will continue to manage our existing inventory, receivable, and payable balances. In addition, borrowings under our revolving credit facility can be utilized to meet working capital requirements, anticipated capital expenditures, and other obligations.

On October 28, 2014, we entered into a $25.0 million revolving credit Loan and Security Agreement with Silicon Valley Bank, which was amended effective March 31, 2015, May 1, 2015, June 29, 2015, December 29, 2015, and further amended effective March 14, 2016. Under the amended agreement, we may borrow up to $25.0 million, including a sub-facility, which reduces available borrowings, for letters of credit in the aggregate availability amount of $4.0 million (the "credit facility"). Borrowings by RSL under the credit facility are guaranteed by us as the ultimate parent. The credit facility has a term that expires on January 1, 2018, during which time RSL may borrow and re-pay loan amounts and re-borrow the loan amounts subject to customary borrowing conditions.

The total obligations under the credit facility cannot exceed the lesser of (i) the total revolving commitment of $25.0 million or (ii) the borrowing base, which is calculated as 80% of eligible accounts receivable. As a result, the borrowing base will fluctuate and we expect it will follow the general seasonality of cash and accounts receivable (lower in the first half of the year and higher in the second half of the year). If the borrowing base less any outstanding amounts, plus the cash held at SVB ("Availability") is greater than $25.0 million, then we may borrow up to an additional $5.0 million, but in no case can borrowings exceed $25.0 million. Interest on borrowings accrue at the Prime Rate provided that we maintain a minimum cash and Availability balance of $17.5 million. If cash and Availability is below $17.5 million, interest will accrue at the Prime Rate plus 1%.

As of the date of this filing, no borrowings have been made under the revolving credit agreement and we were eligible to borrow $13.5 million of available credit less $4.0 million in letters of credit have been issued by Silicon Valley Bank on our behalf. We are subject to certain financial and restrictive covenants under the credit facility, which have been amended to reflect the revised outlook in connection with our 2016 Restructuring Plan. We are required to maintain compliance with a minimum liquidity ratio and maintain a minimum Adjusted EBITDA. As of March 31, 2016, we were in compliance with all of the covenants under the revolving credit agreement.

The total amount of cash that was held by foreign subsidiaries as of March 31, 2016 was $15.6 million. As of March 31, 2016, we do not intend to repatriate the cash from our foreign subsidiaries, however, if we were to repatriate this foreign cash, no tax liability would result due to the current period and carryforward net operating losses.

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During the last three years, inflation has not had a material effect on our business and we do not expect that inflation or changing prices will materially affect our business in the foreseeable future.

Cash Flow Analysis

	Three Months Ended March 31,						2016 Versus 2015
	2016			2015			Change			% Change
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(2,546	)	$	(13,307	)	$	10,761		(80.9	)%
Net cash used in investing activities	$	(2,586	)	$	(4,070	)	$	1,484		(36.5	)%
Net cash used in financing activities	$	(315	)	$	(272	)	$	(43	)	15.8	%

Net Cash Used in Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2016 was $2.5 million. The primary factors affecting our operating cash flows during the period were our net loss of $7.5 million, adjusted for non-cash charges totaling $2.8 million, and an favorable overall change in operating assets and liabilities of $2.2 million.  Non-cash items primarily consisted of $3.4 million in depreciation and amortization expense, $0.4 million in stock-based compensation expense, and $0.2 million in bad debt expense, which were partially offset by a $1.5 million gain on foreign currency transactions.

Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2015 was $13.3 million. The primary factors affecting our operating cash flows during the period were our net loss of $19.9 million, adjusted for non-cash charges totaling $7.0 million, and an unfavorable overall change in operating assets and liabilities of $0.5 million.  Non-cash items primarily consisted of $3.4 million in depreciation and amortization expense, $1.4 million in foreign currency exchange losses, $1.3 million in stock-based compensation expense, $0.3 million in impairment loss, and $0.4 million in bad debt expense.

The change in the gain/loss on foreign currency translations is the result of volatile exchange rates compared to the prior year rates and volume of foreign currency transactions. The decrease in stock compensation expense was due to the timing of annual variable incentive share-based award grants and the timing of terminations in the first quarter in 2016 and 2015 causing increased cancellations. Bad debt expense also decreased due to improved collection efforts.

For the three months ended March 31, 2016, the primary drivers of the change in operating assets and liabilities were a decrease in accounts receivable of $17.6 million, an increase in accrued compensation of $2.3 million, and a decrease of $1.8 million in deferred sales commission. These changes were partially offset by a decrease of $11.0 million in deferred revenue and a decrease in other current liabilities of $8.2 million. The decrease in accounts receivable was primarily related to the timing of sales compared to when payments are made along with the increase in sales during the fourth quarter 2015 holiday season. The increase in accrued compensation is primarily attributable to the timing of our payroll cycles at each period end, including payment of 2015 annual bonuses in the second quarter of 2016. The decrease in deferred sales commission was attributable to the decrease in first quarter 2016 sales as compared to fourth quarter 2015 sales due to seasonality. The decrease in deferred revenue was primarily due to the seasonality of our offerings, specifically due to the higher renewals in the corporate sales channel in the fourth quarter. The decrease in other current liabilities is related to having less obligations due for marketing, advertising, rebates, and inventory due to the fourth quarter seasonality of our business and as a result of our shift in strategy.

For the three months ended March 31, 2015, the primary drivers of the change in operating assets and liabilities were a decrease in other current liabilities of $9.0 million, a decrease of $6.2 million in deferred revenue, a decrease of $4.4 million in accounts payable, an increase of $2.0 million in inventory, and other operating asset and liability fluctuations that were partially offset by a decrease in accounts receivable of $24.5 million. These changes primarily reflect the impacts from our initial shift in strategy and cost reduction efforts.

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities was $2.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016, compared to $4.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015, a change of $1.5 million. Purchases of property and equipment, which primarily relates to capitalized labor on product and corporate IT projects increased $0.2 million related to the development of the Language Learning Suite for Enterprise and other new products. Cash used in acquisition activities decreased by $1.7 million when the remaining holdback associated with the 2013 Lexia acquisition was paid in the first quarter of 2015.

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Net Cash Used In Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities remained flat at $0.3 million for the three month periods ended March 31, 2016 and March 31, 2015. Deferred financing fees slightly increased due to the costs associated with the March 2016 amendment to our revolving credit facility. Capital lease payments totaled $0.2 million during the three month period ended March 31, 2016.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not engage in any off-balance sheet financing arrangements. We do not have any material interest in entities referred to as variable interest entities, which include special purpose entities and other structured finance entities.

Contractual Obligations

As discussed in Notes 9 and 15 of Part 1 - Item 1, Financial Statements, we lease buildings, parking spaces, equipment, and office space under operating lease agreements. We also lease certain equipment, software and a building near Versailles, France under capital lease agreements. The following table summarizes our future minimum rent payments under non-cancellable operating and capital lease agreements as of March 31, 2016 and the effect such obligations are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flow in future periods.

	Total		Less than 1 Year		1-3 Years		3-5 Years		More than 5 Years
	(in thousands)
Capitalized leases and other financing arrangements	$	3,491	$	668	$	1,040	$	1,023	$	760
Operating leases	15,006		5,186		7,325		2,101		394
Total	$	18,497	$	5,854	$	8,365	$	3,124	$	1,154

Item 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

The functional currency of our foreign subsidiaries is their local currency. Accordingly, our results of operations and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The volatility of the prices and applicable rates are dependent on many factors that we cannot forecast with reliable accuracy. In the event our foreign sales and expenses increase, our operating results may be more greatly affected by fluctuations in the exchange rates of the currencies in which we do business. At this time we do not, but we may in the future, invest in derivatives or other financial instruments in an attempt to hedge our foreign currency exchange risk.

Interest Rate Sensitivity

Interest income and expense are sensitive to changes in the general level of U.S. interest rates. However, based on the nature and current level of our marketable securities, which are primarily short-term investment grade and government securities and our notes payable, we believe that there is no material risk of interest rate exposure.

Credit Risk

Accounts receivable and cash and cash equivalents present the highest potential concentrations of credit risk. We reserve for credit losses and do not require collateral on our trade accounts receivable. In addition, we maintain cash and investment balances in accounts at various banks and brokerage firms. We have not experienced any losses on cash and cash equivalent accounts to date. We sell products to retailers, resellers, government agencies, and individual consumers and extend credit based on an evaluation of the customer's financial condition, without requiring collateral. Exposure to losses on accounts receivable is principally dependent on each customer's financial condition. We monitor exposure for credit losses and maintain allowances for anticipated losses. We maintain trade credit insurance for certain customers to provide coverage, up to a certain limit, in the event of insolvency of some customers.

Item 4.    Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2016. The term "disclosure controls and procedures," as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), means

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controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company's management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2016, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) or 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2016 that had materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.    Legal Proceedings

See Note 15 "Commitments and Contingencies" of Part I – Item 1, Financial Statements – for information about our legal proceedings.

Item 1A.    Risk Factors

The following description of risk factors includes any material changes to, and supersedes the description of, risk factors associated with our business previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 14, 2016 with the SEC for the period ended December 31, 2015. An investment in our common stock involves a substantial risk of loss. Investors should carefully consider these risk factors, together with all of the other information included herewith, before deciding to purchase shares of our common stock. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition, or results of operations could be materially adversely affected. In such case, the market price of our common stock could decline and all or part of an investment may be lost.

The risks described below are not the only ones facing us. Our business is also subject to the risks that affect many other companies, such as general economic conditions and geopolitical events. Further, additional risks not currently known to us or that we currently believe are immaterial could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations. In addition to the other information set forth in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the risk factors discussed below and in other documents we file with the SEC that could materially affect our business, financial condition, cash flows or future results.

Our business could be impacted as a result of actions by activist shareholders or others.

We may be subject, from time to time, to legal and business challenges in the operation of our company due to proxy contests, shareholder proposals, media campaigns and other such actions instituted by activist shareholders or others. Responding to such actions could be costly and time-consuming, disrupt our operations, may not align with our business strategies and could divert the attention of our Board of Directors and senior management from the pursuit of current business strategies. Perceived uncertainties as to our future direction as a result of shareholder activism or potential changes to the composition of the Board of Directors may lead to the perception of a change in the direction of the business or other instability that may make it more difficult to attract and retain qualified personnel and business partners, and could have a materially adverse effect on the Company's stock price.

We might not be successful in executing our strategy of focusing on the Enterprise & Education segment and on more passionate language learners in the Consumer segment, and our company reorganization and realignment might not produce the desired results.

We are continuing to undertake a strategic reorganization and realignment of our business to maximize profitable growth in our Enterprise & Education Language segment by serving the needs of corporate and K-12 language learners, and prioritizing those who wish to speak and read English. In addition, we are now focusing on the needs of more passionate language learners in our Consumer segment, rather than addressing the needs of the mass marketplace. If we do not successfully execute our strategy, our revenue and profitability could decline. Our recent strategy changes include actions to reduce headcount, exit unprofitable geographies, and other reductions. These cost reduction efforts could harm our business and results of operations by distracting management and employees, causing difficulty in hiring, motivating and retaining talented and skilled personnel, and creating uncertainty among our customers and vendors that could lead to delays or unexpected costs. Also, our ability to achieve anticipated cost savings and other benefits from these efforts is subject to many estimates and assumptions, which are subject to significant economic, competitive and other uncertainties, some of which are beyond our control. If these estimates and assumptions are incorrect, or if other unforeseen events occur, our business and financial results could be adversely affected.

Our actual operating results may differ significantly from our guidance.

Historically, our practice has been to release guidance regarding our future performance that represents management's estimates as of the date of release. This guidance, which includes forward-looking statements, is based on projections prepared by management. These projections are not prepared with a view toward compliance with published guidelines of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and neither our registered public accountants nor any other independent expert or outside party confirms or examines the projections and, accordingly, no such person expresses any opinion or any other form of assurance with respect thereto.

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Projections are based upon a number of assumptions and estimates that, while presented with numerical specificity, are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control and are based upon specific assumptions with respect to future business decisions, some of which will change. We generally state possible outcomes as high and low ranges or as single point estimates, but actual results could differ materially. The principal reason that we release guidance is to provide a basis for management to discuss our business outlook with analysts and investors. We do not accept any responsibility for any projections or reports published by any such persons.

Guidance is necessarily speculative in nature, and it can be expected that some or all of the assumptions in the guidance furnished by us will not materialize or will vary significantly from actual results. Accordingly, our guidance is only an estimate of what management believes is realizable as of the date of release. Actual results may vary from our guidance and the variations may be material. We expressly disclaim any obligation to update or revise any guidance, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.  In light of the foregoing, investors are urged not to rely upon, or otherwise consider, our guidance in making an investment decision in respect of our common stock.

Any failure to successfully implement our strategy or the occurrence of any of the events or circumstances set forth in these "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q could result in the actual operating results being different from our guidance, and such differences may be adverse and material.

Intense competition in our industry may hinder our ability to attract and retain customers and generate revenue, and may diminish our margins.

The business environment in which we operate is rapidly evolving, highly fragmented and intensely competitive, and we expect competition to persist and intensify. Increased competition could adversely affect operating results by causing lower demand for our products and services, reduced revenue, more product returns, price reductions or concessions, reduced gross margins and loss of customers.

Many of our current and potential domestic and international competitors have substantially greater financial, technical, sales, marketing and other resources than we do, as well as greater name recognition in some locations, as well as in some cases, lower costs. Some competitors offer more differentiated products (for example, online learning as well as physical classrooms and textbooks) that may allow them to more flexibly meet changing customer preferences. The resources of our competitors also may enable them to respond more rapidly to new or emerging technologies and changes in customer requirements and preferences and to offer lower prices than ours or to offer free language-learning software or online services. We may not be able to compete successfully against current or future competitors.

There are a number of free online language-learning opportunities to learn grammar, pronunciation, vocabulary (including specialties in areas such as medicine and business), reading, and conversation by means of podcasts and MP3s, mobile applications, audio courses and lessons, videos, games, stories, news, digital textbooks, and through other means. We estimate that there are thousands of free mobile applications on language-learning; free products are provided in at least 50 languages by private companies, universities, and government agencies. Low barriers to entry allow start-up companies with lower costs and less pressure for profitability to compete with us. Competitors funded by venture capital, that may be focused more on user acquisition rather than profitability, enable our competitors to offer products at significantly lower prices or for free. As free online translation services improve and become more widely available and used, people may generally become less interested in language learning. Although we also offer free products such as mobile apps, if we cannot successfully attract users of these free products and convert a sufficient portion of these free users into paying customers, our business could be adversely affected. If free products become more engaging and competitive or gain widespread acceptance by the public, demand for our products could decline or we may have to lower our prices, which could adversely impact our revenue and other results.

Historically a substantial portion of our revenue has been generated from our Consumer business. If we fail to accurately anticipate consumer demand and trends in consumer preferences, our brands, sales and customer relationships may be harmed.

Demand for our consumer focused language-learning, literacy and brain fitness software products and related services is subject to rapidly changing consumer demand and trends in consumer preferences. Therefore, our success depends upon our ability to:

• identify, anticipate, understand and respond to these trends in a timely manner;

• introduce appealing new products and performance features on a timely basis;

• provide appealing solutions that engage our customers;

• adapt and offer our products and services using rapidly evolving, widely varying and complex technologies;

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• anticipate and meet consumer demand for additional languages, learning levels and new platforms for delivery;

• effectively position and market our products and services;

• identify and secure cost-effective means of marketing our products to reach the appropriate consumers;

• identify cost-effective sales distribution channels and other sales outlets where interested consumers will buy our products;

• anticipate and respond to consumer price sensitivity and pricing changes of competitive products; and

• identify and successfully implement ways of building brand loyalty and reputation.

We anticipate having to make investments in new products in the future and we may incur significant expenses without achieving the anticipated benefits of our investment or preserving our brand and reputation. Investments in new products and technology are speculative, the development cycle for products may exceed planned estimates and commercial success depends on many factors, including innovativeness, developer support, and effective distribution and marketing. Customers might not perceive our latest offerings as providing significant new value and may reduce their purchases of our offerings, unfavorably impacting revenue. We might not achieve significant revenue from new product and service investments for a number of years, if at all. We also might not be able to develop new solutions or enhancements in time to capture business opportunities or achieve sustainable acceptance in new or existing places. Furthermore, consumers may defer purchases of our solutions in anticipation of new products or new versions from us or our competitors. A decline in consumer demand for our solutions, or any failure on our part to satisfy such changing consumer preferences, could harm our business and profitability.

If the recognition by schools and other organizations of the value of technology-based education does not continue to grow, our ability to generate revenue from organizations could be impaired.

Our success depends in part upon the continued adoption by organizations and potential customers of technology-based education initiatives. Some academics and educators oppose online education in principle and have expressed concerns regarding the perceived loss of control over the education process that could result from offering courses online. If the acceptance of technology-based education does not continue to grow, our ability to continue to grow our Enterprise & Education business could be impaired.

We depend on discretionary consumer spending in the Consumer segment of our business. Adverse trends in general economic conditions, including retail and online shopping patterns or consumer confidence, as well as other external consumer dynamics may compromise our ability to generate revenue.

The success of our business depends to a significant extent upon discretionary consumer spending, which is subject to a number of factors, including general economic conditions, consumer confidence, employment levels, business conditions, interest rates, availability of credit, inflation and taxation. Adverse trends in any of these economic indicators may cause consumer spending to decline further, which could hurt our sales and profitability.

Because a significant portion of our Consumer sales are made to or through retailers and distributors, none of which has any obligation to sell our products, the failure or inability of these parties to sell our products effectively could hurt our revenue and profitability.

We rely on retailers and distributors, together with our direct sales force, to sell our products. Our sales to retailers and distributors are concentrated on a key group that is comprised of a mix of websites, such as Amazon.com and the Apple App Store, select retail resellers such as Barnes & Noble, Best Buy, Target, Books-a-Million, Staples, and Sam's Club, and consignment distributors such as Wynit Distribution and Software Packaging Associates.

We have no control over the amount of products that these retailers and distributors purchase from us or sell on our behalf, we do not have long-term contracts with any of them, and they have no obligation to offer or sell our products or to give us any particular shelf space or product placement within their stores. Thus, there is no guarantee that this source of revenue will continue at the same level as it has in the past or that these retailers and distributors will not promote competitors' products over our products or enter into exclusive relationships with our competitors. Any material adverse change in the principal commercial terms, material decrease in the volume of sales generated by our larger retailers or distributors or major disruption or termination of a relationship with these retailers and distributors could result in a significant decline in our revenue and profitability. Furthermore, product display locations and promotional activities that retailers undertake can affect the sales of our products. The fact that we also sell our products directly could cause retailers or distributors to reduce their efforts to promote our products or stop selling our products altogether.

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Many traditional physical retailers are experiencing diminished foot traffic and sales. For our retail business, even though online sales have increased in popularity and are growing in importance, we continue to depend on sales that take place in physical stores and shopping malls. Reduced customer foot traffic in these stores and malls is likely to reduce their sales of our products. In addition, if one or more of these retailers or distributors are unable to meet their obligations with respect to accounts payable to us, we could be forced to write off accounts receivable with such accounts. Any bankruptcy, liquidation, insolvency or other failure of any of these retailers or distributors could result in significant financial loss and cause us to lose revenue in future periods.

Price changes and other concessions could reduce our revenue.

We continue to test and offer changes to the pricing of our products. If we reduce our prices in an effort to increase our sales, this could have an adverse impact on our revenue to the extent that unit sales do not increase in a sufficient amount to compensate for the lower pricing. Reducing our pricing to individual consumers could also cause us to have to lower pricing to our Enterprise & Education customers. Any increase in the taxation of online sales could have the effect of a price increase to consumers and could cause us to have to lower our prices or could cause sales to decline. It is uncertain whether we will need to continue to lower prices to effectively compete and what the other short-term and long-term impacts could be.

We also may provide our retailers and distributors with price protection on existing inventories, which would entitle these retailers and distributors to credit against amounts owed with respect to unsold packaged product under certain conditions. These price protection reserves could be material in future periods.

In the U.S. and Canada, we offer consumers who purchase our packaged software and audio practice products directly from us a 30-day, unconditional, full money-back refund. We also permit some of our retailers and distributors to return packaged products, subject to certain limitations. We establish revenue reserves for packaged product returns based on historical experience, estimated channel inventory levels, the timing of new product introductions and other factors. If packaged product returns exceed our reserve estimates, the excess would offset reported revenue, which could hurt our reported financial results.

Our future growth and profitability will depend in large part upon the effectiveness and efficiency of our marketing.

Our future growth and profitability will depend in large part upon the effectiveness and efficiency of our marketing, including our ability to:

• appropriately and efficiently allocate our marketing for multiple products;

• accurately identify, target and reach our audience of potential customers with our marketing messages;

• select the right marketplace, media and specific media vehicle in which to advertise;

• identify the most effective and efficient level of spending in each marketplace, media and specific media vehicle;

• determine the appropriate creative message and media mix for advertising, marketing and promotional expenditures;

• effectively manage marketing costs, including creative and media expenses, in order to maintain acceptable customer acquisition costs;

• differentiate our products as compared to other products;

• create greater awareness of our new products like kids' literacy and brain fitness, and of our brands and learning solutions;

• drive traffic to our e-commerce website, call centers, distribution channels and retail partners; and

• convert customer inquiries into actual orders.

Our planned marketing may not result in increased revenue or generate sufficient levels of product and brand name awareness, and we may not be able to increase our net sales at the same rate as we increase our advertising expenditures.

Some of our radio, television, print, and online advertising has been through the purchase of "remnant" advertising segments. These segments are random time slots and publication dates that have remained unsold and are offered at discounts to advertisers who are willing to be flexible with respect to time slots. There is a limited supply of this type of advertising and the availability of such advertising may decline or the cost of such advertising may increase. In addition, if we increase our marketing budget it cannot be assured that we can increase the amount of remnant advertising at the discounted prices we have obtained in the past. If any of these events occur, we may be forced to purchase time slots and publication dates at higher prices, which will increase our costs.

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We engage in an active public relations program, including through social media sites such as Facebook and Twitter. We also seek new customers through our online marketing efforts, including paid search listings, banner ads, text links and permission-based e-mails, as well as our affiliate and reseller programs. If one or more of the search engines or other online sources on which we rely for website traffic were to modify their general methodology for how they display our websites, resulting in fewer consumers clicking through to our websites, our sales could suffer. If any free search engine on which we rely begins charging fees for listing or placement, or if one or more of the search engines or other online sources on which we rely for purchased listings, modifies or terminates its relationship with us, our expenses could rise, we could lose customers and traffic to our websites could decrease.

We dynamically adjust our mix of marketing programs to acquire new customers at a reasonable cost with the intention of achieving overall financial goals. If we are unable to maintain or replace our sources of customers with similarly effective sources, or if the cost of our existing sources increases, our customer levels and marketing expenses may be adversely affected.

Our international businesses may not succeed and impose additional and unique risks.

Our business strategy contemplates stabilizing and reducing the losses we have experienced internationally. We continuously review and optimize certain of our website sales channels in Europe, Asia and Latin America. In addition, we continue to optimize our indirect sales channels in Europe, Asia and Latin America through reseller and other arrangements with third parties. If we are unable to stabilize and reduce losses in our international operations successfully and in a timely manner, our business, revenue and financial results could be harmed. Such stabilization and reduction may be more difficult or take longer than we anticipate, and we may not be able to successfully market, sell, deliver and support our products and services internationally to the extent we expect.

If we are unable to continually adapt our products and services to mobile devices and technologies other than personal computers and laptops, and to adapt to other technological changes and customer needs generally, we may be unable to attract and retain customers, and our revenue and business could suffer.

We need to anticipate, develop and introduce new products, services and applications on a timely and cost-effective basis that keeps pace with technological developments and changing customer needs. The process of developing new high technology products, services and applications and enhancing existing products, services and applications is complex, costly and uncertain, and any failure by us to anticipate customers' changing needs and emerging technological trends accurately could significantly harm our ability to attract and retain customers and our results of operations. For example, the number of individuals who access the Internet through devices other than a personal computer, such as tablet computers, mobile devices, televisions and set-top box devices, has increased dramatically and this trend is likely to continue. Our products and services may not work or be viewable on these devices because each manufacturer or distributor may establish unique technical standards for such devices. Accordingly, we may need to devote significant resources to the creation, support and maintenance of such versions. If we fail to develop or sell products and services on a cost-effective basis that respond to these or other technological developments and changing customer needs, we may be harmed in our ability to attract and retain customers, and our revenue and business could suffer. Furthermore, our customers who view our advertising via mobile devices might not buy our products to the same extent that they do when viewing our advertising via personal computers or laptops. Accordingly, if we cannot convince customers to purchase our products via mobile devices, our business and results of operations could be harmed to the extent that the trend to mobile devices continues.

We offer our software products on operating systems and platforms including Windows, Macintosh, Apple OS, Android, and Amazon apps. The demand for personal computers has been declining, which means that we must be able to market to potential customers and to provide customers with access to and use of our products and services on many platforms and operating systems, as they may be changed from time to time. To the extent new releases of operating systems, including for mobile and non-PC devices, or other third-party products, platforms or devices make it more difficult for our products to perform, and our customers use alternative technologies, our business could be harmed.

Our software products must interoperate with computer operating systems of our customers. If we are unable to ensure that our products interoperate properly with customer systems, our business could be harmed.

Our products must interoperate with our customers' computer systems, including the network, security devices and settings, and student learning management systems of our Enterprise & Education customers. As a result, we must continually ensure that our products interoperate properly with these varied and customized systems. Changes in operating systems, the technologies we incorporate into our products or the computer systems our customers use may damage our business.

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If there are changes in the spending policies or budget priorities for government funding of colleges, universities, schools, other education providers, or government agencies, we could lose revenue.

Many of our Enterprise & Education customers are colleges, universities, primary and secondary schools and school districts, other education providers, armed forces and government agencies that depend substantially on government funding. Accordingly, any general decrease, delay or change in federal, state or local funding for colleges, universities, primary and secondary schools and school districts, or other education providers or government agencies that use our products and services could cause our current and potential customers to reduce their purchases of our products and services, to exercise their right to terminate licenses, or to decide not to renew licenses, any of which could cause us to lose revenue. In addition, a specific reduction in governmental funding support for products such as ours would also cause us to lose revenue and could hurt our overall gross margins.

Some of our Enterprise & Education business is characterized by a lengthy and unpredictable sales cycle, which could delay new sales.

We face a lengthy sales cycle between our initial contact with some potential Enterprise & Education customers and the signing of license agreements with these customers. As a result of this lengthy sales cycle, we have only a limited ability to forecast the timing of such Enterprise & Education sales. A delay in or failure to complete license transactions could cause us to lose revenue, and could cause our financial results to vary significantly from quarter to quarter. Our sales cycle varies widely, reflecting differences in our potential Enterprise & Education customers' decision-making processes, procurement requirements and budget cycles, and is subject to significant risks over which we have little or no control, including:

• customers' budgetary constraints and priorities;

• the timing of our customers' budget cycles;

• the need by some customers for lengthy evaluations that often include administrators and faculties; and

• the length and timing of customers' approval processes.

As we pursue our SaaS model and move our Consumer business online and increasingly sell our solutions as subscriptions, rather than packaged software for an upfront fee, our revenue, results of operations and cash flow could be negatively impacted.

Historically, we have predominantly sold our packaged software programs under a perpetual license for a single upfront fee and recorded 65-90% of the revenue at the time of sale. Certain of our online products are sold under different subscription terms, from short-term (less than one year) to 36-month subscriptions with a corresponding license term. Selling more long-term subscriptions could result in substantially less cash and revenue from the initial sale to the customer and could have a substantially negative impact on our revenue, results of operations and cash flow in any quarterly reporting period. Furthermore, to the extent that customers use our products and services for only a short time after purchase, online subscription customers could be less likely to renew their subscriptions beyond the initial term with the effect that we could earn less revenue over time from each customer than historically.

Our revenue is subject to seasonal and quarterly variations, which could cause our financial results to fluctuate significantly.

We have experienced, and we believe we will continue to experience, substantial seasonal and quarterly variations in our revenue, cash flows and net income. These variations are primarily related to increased sales of our Consumer products and services in the fourth quarter during the holiday selling season as well as higher sales to governmental, educational institutions, and corporations in the second half of the calendar year. We sell to a significant number of our retailers, distributors and Enterprise & Education customers on a purchase order basis and we receive orders when these customers need products and services. As a result, their orders are typically not evenly distributed throughout the year. Our quarterly results of operations also may fluctuate significantly as a result of a variety of other factors, including the timing of holidays and advertising initiatives, changes in our products, services and advertising initiatives and changes in those of our competitors. Budgetary constraints of our Enterprise & Education customers may also cause our quarterly results to fluctuate.

As a result of these seasonal and quarterly fluctuations, we believe that comparisons of our results of operations between different quarters are not necessarily meaningful and that these comparisons are not reliable as indicators of our future performance. In addition, these fluctuations could result in volatility and adversely affect our cash flows. Any seasonal or quarterly fluctuations that we report in the future may differ from the expectations of market analysts and investors, which could cause the price of our common stock to fluctuate significantly.

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Acquisitions, joint ventures and strategic alliances may have an adverse effect on our business.

We have made and may continue to make acquisitions or enter into joint ventures and strategic alliances as part of our long-term business strategy. Such transactions may result in use of our cash resources, dilutive issuances of our equity securities, or incurrence of debt. Such transactions also involve significant challenges and risks including that the transaction does not advance our business strategy, that we do not realize a satisfactory return on our investment, that we experience difficulty integrating new technology, employees, and business systems, that we divert management's attention from our other businesses or that we acquire undiscovered liabilities such as patent infringement claims or violations of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar worldwide anti-bribery laws. It may take longer than expected to realize the full benefits, such as increased revenue, enhanced efficiencies, or more customers, or those benefits may ultimately be smaller than anticipated, or may not be realized. These events and circumstances could harm our operating results or financial condition.

We may incur significant costs related to data security breaches that could compromise our information technology network security, trade secrets and customer data.

        Threats to our information technology network security can take a variety of forms. Individual hackers and groups of hackers, and sophisticated organizations or individuals may threaten our information technology network security. Cyber attackers may develop and deploy malicious software to attack our services and gain access to our networks, data centers, or act in a coordinated manner to launch distributed denial of service or other coordinated attacks. Cyber threats and attacks are constantly evolving, thereby increasing the difficulty of detecting and successfully defending against them. We may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures in time. Cyber threats and attacks can have cascading impacts that unfold with increasing speed across internal networks and systems. Breaches of our network, credit card processing information, or data security could disrupt the security of our internal systems and business applications, impair our ability to provide services to our customers and protect the privacy of their data, resulting in product development delays, could compromise confidential or technical business information harming our competitive position, result in theft or misuse of our intellectual property or other assets, require us to allocate more resources to improved technologies, or otherwise adversely affect our business.

Our possession and use of personal information presents risks and expenses that could harm our business. If we aer unable to protect our information technology network against service interruption or failure, misappropriation or unauthorized disclosure or manipulation of data, whether through breach of our network security or otherwise, we could be subject to costly government enforcement actions and litigation and our reputation may be damaged.

Our business involves the collection, storage and transmission of personal, financial or other information that is entrusted to us by our customers and employees. Our information systems also contain the Company's proprietary and other confidential information related to our business. Our efforts to protect such information may be unsuccessful due to the actions of third parties, computer viruses, physical or electronic break-ins, catastrophic events, employee error or malfeasance or other attempts to harm our systems. Possession and use of personal information in conducting our business subjects us to legislative and regulatory obligations that could require notification of data breaches, restrict our use of personal information and hinder our ability to acquire new customers or market to existing customers. Some of our commercial partners may receive or store information provided by us or our users through our websites. If these third parties fail to adopt or adhere to adequate information security practices, or fail to comply with our online policies, or in the event of a breach of their networks, our customers' data may be improperly accessed, used or disclosed. As our business and the regulatory environment evolve in the U.S. and internationally, we may become subject to additional and even more stringent legal obligations concerning our treatment of customer information. We have incurred, and will continue to incur, expenses to comply with privacy and security standards and protocols imposed by law, regulation, industry standards or contractual obligations.

If our systems are harmed or fail to function properly or if third parties improperly obtain and use the personal information of our customers or employees, we may be required to expend significant resources to repair or replace systems or to otherwise protect against security breaches or to address problems caused by the breaches. A major breach of our network security and systems could have serious negative consequences for our businesses, including possible fines, penalties and damages, reduced customer demand for our products and services, harm to our reputation and brand, and loss of our ability to accept and process customer credit card orders. Any such events could have a material and adverse effect on our business, reputation or financial results. Our insurance policies carry coverage limits, which may not be adequate to reimburse us for losses caused by security breaches.

Changes in regulations or customer concerns regarding privacy and protection of customer data, or any failure to comply with such laws, could adversely affect our business.

Federal, state, and international laws and regulations govern the collection, use, retention, disclosure, sharing and security of data that we receive from and about our customers. The use of consumer data by online service providers and advertising

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networks is a topic of active interest among federal, state, and international regulatory bodies, and the regulatory environment is unsettled. Many states have passed laws requiring notification to customers where there is a security breach for personal data, such as California’s Information Practices Act. We face similar risks in international markets where our products, services and apps are offered. Any failure, or perceived failure, by us to comply with or make effective modifications to our policies, or to comply with any federal, state, or international privacy, data-retention or data-protection-related laws, regulations, orders or industry self-regulatory principles could result in proceedings or actions against us by governmental entities or others, a loss of customer confidence, damage to the Rosetta Stone brands, and a loss of customers, which could potentially have an adverse effect on our business.

In addition, various federal, state and foreign legislative or regulatory bodies may enact new or additional laws and regulations concerning privacy, data-retention and data-protection issues, including laws or regulations mandating disclosure to domestic or international law enforcement bodies, which could adversely impact our business, our brand or our reputation with customers. For example, some countries are considering laws mandating that customer data regarding customers in their country be maintained in their country. Having to maintain local data centers in individual countries could increase our operating costs significantly. The interpretation and application of privacy, data protection and data retention laws and regulations are often uncertain and in flux in the U.S. and internationally. These laws may be interpreted and applied inconsistently from country to country and inconsistently with our current policies and practices, complicating long-range business planning decisions. If privacy, data protection or data retention laws are interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent with our current policies and practices we may be fined or ordered to change our business practices in a manner that adversely impacts our operating results. Complying with these varying international requirements could cause us to incur substantial costs or require us to change our business practices in a manner adverse to our business and operating results.

We are subject to U.S. and foreign government regulation of online services which could subject us to claims, judgments, and remedies, including monetary liabilities and limitations on our business practices.

We are subject to regulations and laws directly applicable to providers of online services. The application of existing domestic and international laws and regulations to us relating to issues such as user privacy and data protection, data security, defamation, promotions, billing, consumer protection, accessibility, content regulation, quality of services, and intellectual property ownership and infringement in many instances is unclear or unsettled. Also, the collection and protection of information from children under the age of 13 is subject to the provisions of the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA), which is particularly relevant to our learning solutions focused on children. In addition, we will also be subject to any new laws and regulations directly applicable to our domestic and international activities. Internationally, we may also be subject to laws regulating our activities in foreign countries and to foreign laws and regulations that are inconsistent from country to country. We may incur substantial liabilities for expenses necessary to defend litigation in connection with such regulations and laws or to comply with these laws and regulations, as well as potential substantial penalties for any failure to comply.

Changes in how network operators handle and charge for access to data that travel across their networks could adversely impact our business.

We rely upon the ability of customers to access many of our products through the Internet. To the extent that network operators implement usage based pricing, including meaningful bandwidth caps, or otherwise try to monetize access to their networks by data providers, we could incur greater operating expenses and our customer acquisition and retention could be negatively impacted. Furthermore, to the extent network operators were to create tiers of Internet access service and either charge us for or prohibit us from being available through these tiers, our business could be negatively impacted.

We are exposed to risks associated with credit card and payment fraud, and with our obligations under rules on credit card processing and alternative payment methods, which could cause us to lose revenue or incur costs. We depend upon our credit card processors and payment card associations.

As an e-commerce provider that accepts debit and credit cards for payment, we are subject to the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard ("PCI DSS"), issued by the PCI Council. PCI DSS contains compliance guidelines and standards with regard to our network security surrounding the physical and electronic storage, processing and transmission of individual cardholder data. Despite our compliance with these standards and other information security measures, we cannot guarantee that all our information technology systems are able to prevent, contain or detect any cyber attacks, cyber terrorism, or security breaches from currently known viruses or malware, or viruses or malware that may be developed in the future. To the extent any disruption results in the loss, damage or misappropriation of information, we may be adversely affected by claims from customers, financial institutions, regulatory authorities, payment card associations and others. In addition, the cost of complying with stricter privacy and information security laws and standards could be significant.

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We are subject to rules, regulations and practices governing our accepted payment methods which could change or be reinterpreted to make it difficult or impossible for us to comply. A failure to comply with these rules or requirements could make us subject to fines and higher transaction fees and we could lose our ability to accept these payment methods. We depend upon our credit card processors to carry out our sales transactions and remit the proceeds to us. At any time, credit card processors have the right to withhold funds otherwise payable to us to establish or increase a reserve based on their assessment of the inherent risks of credit card processing and their assessment of the risks of processing our customers’ credit cards. If our credit card processors exercise their right to establish or increase a reserve, it may adversely impact our liquidity. Our business and results of operations could be adversely affected if these changes were to occur.

Any significant interruptions in the operations of our website, call center or third-party call centers, especially during the holiday shopping season, could cause us to lose sales and disrupt our ability to process orders and deliver our solutions in a timely manner.

We rely on our website, an in-house call center and third-party call centers, over which we have little or no control, to sell our solutions, respond to customer service and technical support requests and process orders. These activities are especially important during the holiday season and in particular the period beginning on Black Friday through the end of the calendar year. Any significant interruption in the operation of these facilities, including an interruption caused by our failure to successfully expand or upgrade our systems or to manage these expansions or upgrades, or a failure of third-party call centers to handle higher volumes of use, could reduce our ability to receive and process orders and provide products and services, which could result in cancelled sales and loss of revenue and damage to our brand and reputation. These risks are more important during the holiday season, when many sales of our products and services take place.

We structure our marketing and advertising to drive potential customers to our website and call centers to purchase our solutions. If we experience technical difficulties with our website or if our call center operators do not convert inquiries into sales at expected rates, our ability to generate revenue could be impaired. Training and retaining qualified call center operators is challenging due to the expansion of our product and service offerings and the seasonality of our business. If we do not adequately train our call center operators, they will not convert inquiries into sales at an acceptable rate.

If any of our products or services contain defects or errors or if new product releases or services are delayed, our reputation could be harmed, resulting in significant costs to us and impairing our ability to sell our solutions.

If our products or services contain defects, errors or security vulnerabilities, our reputation could be harmed, which could result in significant costs to us and impair our ability to sell our products in the future. In the past, we have encountered product development delays due to errors or defects. We would expect that, despite our testing, errors could be found in new products and product enhancements in the future. Significant errors in our products or services could lead to, among other things:

• delays in or loss of marketplace acceptance of our products and services;

• diversion of our resources;

• a lower rate of license renewals or upgrades for Consumer and Enterprise & Education customers;

• injury to our reputation;

• increased service expenses or payment of damages; or

• costly litigation.

If we fail to effectively upgrade our information technology systems, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud.

As part of our efforts to continue improving our internal control over financial reporting, we plan to continue to upgrade our existing financial information technology systems in order to automate several controls that are currently performed manually. We may experience difficulties in transitioning to these upgraded systems, including loss of data and decreases in productivity, as personnel become familiar with these new systems. In addition, our management information systems will require modification and refinement as our business needs change, which could prolong difficulties we experience with systems transitions, and we may not always employ the most effective systems for our purposes. If we experience difficulties in implementing new or upgraded information systems or experience significant system failures, or if we are unable to successfully modify our management information systems or respond to changes in our business needs, we may not be able to effectively manage our business and we may fail to meet our reporting obligations. In addition, as a result of the automation of these manual processes, the data produced may cause us to question the accuracy of previously reported financial results.

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Failure to maintain the availability of the systems, networks, databases and software required to operate and deliver our Internet-based products and services could damage our reputation and cause us to lose revenue.

We rely on internal and external systems, networks and databases maintained by us and third-party providers to process customer orders, handle customer service requests, and host and deliver our Internet-based learning solutions. Any damage, interruption or failure of our systems, networks and databases could prevent us from processing customer orders and result in degradation or interruptions in delivery of our products and services. Notwithstanding our efforts to protect against interruptions in the availability of our e-commerce websites and Internet-based products and services, we do occasionally experience unplanned outages or technical difficulties. In addition, we do not have complete redundancy for all of our systems. In the event of an interruption or system event we may be unable to meet contract service level requirements, or we could experience an unrecoverable loss of data which could cause us to lose customers and could harm our reputation and cause us to face unexpected liabilities and expenses. If we continue to expand our business, we will put additional strains on these systems. As we continue to move additional product features to online systems or place more of our business online, all of these considerations will become more significant.

We may also need to grow, reconfigure or relocate our data centers in response to changing business needs, which may be costly and lead to unplanned disruptions of service.

We may incur losses associated with currency fluctuations and may not be able to effectively hedge our exposure, which could impair our financial performance.

Our operating results are subject to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. We currently do not attempt to mitigate a portion of these risks through foreign currency hedging, based on our judgment of the appropriate trade-offs among risk, opportunity and expense. In the future, we might choose to engage in foreign currency hedging transactions, which would involve different risks and uncertainties.

Our revolving credit facility contains borrowing limitations covenants which and the failure to maintain a sufficient borrowing base or to comply with such covenants could prevent us from borrowing funds, and could cause any outstanding debt to become immediately payable, which might adversely impact our business. 

Our revolving credit facility contains borrowing limitations based on a combination of our cash balance and eligible accounts receivable balances and financial covenants currently applicable to us, as well as a number of restrictive covenants, including restrictions on incurring additional debt, making investments and other restricted payments, selling assets, paying dividends and redeeming or repurchasing capital stock and debt, subject to certain exceptions. Collectively, these borrowing limitations and covenants could constrain our ability to grow our business through acquisition or engage in other transactions. During the term of our $25.0 million revolving credit facility, we are also subject to certain financial covenants that require us to maintain a minimum liquidity amount and minimum financial performance requirements, as defined in the credit agreement. If we are not able to comply with all of these covenants, for any reason, we would not be able to borrow funds under the facility, and some or all of any outstanding debt could become immediately due and payable which could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and ability to conduct our business.

A significant deterioration in our profitability and/or cash flow caused by prolonged economic instability could reduce our liquidity and/or impair our financial ratios, and trigger a need to raise additional funds from the capital markets and/or renegotiate our banking covenants.

To the extent the economic difficulties continue, or worldwide economic conditions materially deteriorate, our revenue, profitability and cash flows could be significantly reduced as customers would be unable to purchase products and services in the expected quantities and/or pay for them within normal agreed terms. A liquidity shortfall may delay certain development initiatives or may expose us to a need to negotiate further funding. While we anticipate that our existing cash and cash equivalents, together with availability under our existing revolving credit facility, cash balances and cash from operations, will be sufficient to fund our operations for at least the next 12 months, we may need to raise additional capital to fund operations in the future or to finance acquisitions. If we seek to raise additional capital in order to meet various objectives, including developing future technologies and services, increasing working capital, acquiring businesses and responding to competitive pressures, capital may not be available on favorable terms or may not be available at all. Lack of sufficient capital resources could significantly limit our ability to take advantage of business and strategic opportunities. Any additional capital raised through the sale of equity securities would dilute our stock ownership. If adequate additional funds are not available, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of, or eliminate material parts of our business strategy, including potential additional acquisitions or development of new products, services and technologies.

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We might require additional funds from what we internally generate to support our business which might not be available on acceptable terms or at all.

We might need to further reduce costs or raise additional funds through public or private financings or borrowings in order to maintain our operations at their current level, develop or enhance products, fund expansion, respond to competitive pressures or to acquire complementary products, businesses or technologies. If required, additional financing might not be available on terms that are favorable to us, if at all. If we raise additional funds through the issuance of debt, equity or convertible debt securities, these securities might have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of our current stockholders.

If our goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible assets become impaired, we may be required to record a significant charge to earnings.

Under GAAP, we review our goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets for impairment at least annually and when there are changes in circumstances. Factors that may be considered a change in circumstances include a decline in stock price and market capitalization, expected future cash flows and slower growth rates in our industry. We may be required to record significant charges to earnings in our financial statements during the period in which any impairment of our goodwill or indefinite lived intangible assets is determined, resulting in a negative effect on our results of operations.

We may have exposure to greater than anticipated tax liabilities.

We are subject to income and indirect tax in the U.S. and many foreign jurisdictions.  Significant judgment is required in determining our worldwide provision for income and indirect taxes.  In the ordinary course of our business, there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain.  The application of indirect taxes (such as sales and use tax, value-added tax, goods and services tax, business tax and gross receipt tax) to our businesses and to our users is complex, uncertain and evolving, in part because many of the fundamental statutes and regulations that impose indirect taxes were established before the adoption and growth of the Internet and e-commerce. We are subject to audit by multiple tax authorities throughout the world.  Although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable, the final determination of tax audits and any related litigation could be materially different from our historical tax provisions and accruals.  The results of an audit or litigation could have a material effect on our financial statements in the period or periods for which that determination is made.  Further, any changes to the U.S. or any foreign jurisdictions’ tax laws, tax rates, or the interpretation of such tax laws, including the Base Erosion Profit Shifting project being conducted by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development could significantly impact how U.S. multinational corporations are taxed. Although we cannot predict whether or in what form any legislation changes may pass, if enacted it could have a material adverse impact on our tax expense, deferred tax assets and cash flows.

Our deferred tax assets may not be fully realizable.

We record tax valuation allowances to reflect uncertainties about whether we will be able to realize some of our deferred tax assets before they expire. Our tax valuation allowance is based on our estimates of taxable income for the jurisdictions in which we operate and the period over which our deferred tax assets will be realizable. In the future, we could be required to increase the valuation allowance to take into account additional deferred tax assets that we may be unable to realize. An increase in the valuation allowance would have an adverse impact, which could be material, on our income tax provision and net income in the period in which we record the increase.

Protection of our intellectual property is limited, and any misuse of our intellectual property by others, including software piracy, could harm our business, reputation and competitive position.

Our intellectual property is important to our success. We believe our trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, patents, pending patent applications, trade dress and designs are valuable and integral to our success and competitive position. To protect our proprietary rights, we rely on a combination of patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade dress, trade secret laws, confidentiality procedures, contractual provisions and technical measures. However, even if we are able to secure such rights in the United States, the laws of other countries in which our products are sold may not protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States.

In addition to issued patents, we have several patent applications on file in the U.S. and other countries. However, we do not know whether any of our pending patent applications will result in the issuance of patents or whether the examination process will require us to narrow our claims. Even if patents are issued from our patent applications, which are not certain, they may be challenged, circumvented or invalidated in the future. Moreover, the rights granted under any issued patents may not provide us with proprietary protection or competitive advantages, and, as with any technology, competitors may be able to develop similar or superior technologies now or in the future. In addition, we have not emphasized patents as a source of significant competitive advantage and have instead sought to primarily protect our proprietary rights under laws affording

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protection for trade secrets, copyright and trademark protection of our products, brands, and other intellectual property where available and appropriate. These measures afford only limited protection and may be challenged, invalidated or circumvented by third parties. In addition, these protections may not be adequate to prevent our competitors or customers from copying or reverse-engineering our products. Third parties could copy all or portions of our products or otherwise obtain, use, distribute and sell our proprietary information without authorization. Third parties may also develop similar or superior technology independently by designing around our intellectual property, which would decrease demand for our products. In addition, our patents may not provide us with any competitive advantages and the patents of others may seriously impede our ability to conduct our business.

We protect our products, trade secrets and proprietary information, in part, by requiring all of our employees to enter into agreements providing for the maintenance of confidentiality and the assignment of rights to inventions made by them while employed by us. We also enter into non-disclosure agreements with our technical consultants, customers, vendors and resellers to protect our confidential and proprietary information. We cannot guarantee that our confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants and other third parties will not be breached, that we will be able to effectively enforce these agreements, that we will have adequate remedies for any breach, or that our trade secrets and other proprietary information will not be disclosed or will otherwise be protected.

We rely on contractual and license agreements with third parties in connection with their use of our products and technology. There is no guarantee that such parties will abide by the terms of such agreements or that we will be able to adequately enforce our rights, in part because we rely, in many instances, on "click-wrap" and "shrink-wrap" licenses, which are not negotiated or signed by individual licensees. Accordingly, some provisions of our licenses, including provisions protecting against unauthorized use, copying, transfer, resale and disclosure of the licensed software program, could be unenforceable under the laws of several jurisdictions.

Protection of trade secret and other intellectual property rights in the places in which we operate and compete is highly uncertain and may involve complex legal questions. The laws of countries in which we operate may afford little or no protection to our trade secrets and other intellectual property rights. Although we defend our intellectual property rights and combat unlicensed copying and use of software and intellectual property rights through a variety of techniques, preventing unauthorized use or infringement of our intellectual property rights is inherently difficult. Despite our enforcement efforts against software piracy, we could lose significant revenue due to illegal use of our software and from counterfeit copies of our software. If piracy activities increase, it could further harm our business.

We also suspect that competitors might try to illegally use our proprietary information and develop products that are similar to ours, which may infringe on our proprietary rights. In addition, we could potentially lose trade secret protection for our source code if any unauthorized disclosure of such code occurs. The loss of trade secret protection could make it easier for third parties to compete with our products by copying functionality. In addition, any changes in, or unexpected interpretations of, the trade secret and other intellectual property laws in any country in which we operate may compromise our ability to enforce our trade secret and intellectual property rights. Costly and time-consuming litigation could be necessary to enforce and determine the scope of our confidential information and trade secret protection. If we are unable to protect our proprietary rights or if third parties independently develop or gain access to our or similar technologies, our business, revenue, reputation and competitive position could be harmed.

Third-party use of our trademarks as keywords in Internet search engine advertising programs may direct potential customers to competitors' websites, which could harm our reputation and cause us to lose sales.

Competitors and other third parties, including counterfeiters, purchase our trademarks and confusingly similar terms as keywords in Internet search engine advertising programs in order to divert potential customers to their websites. Preventing such unauthorized use is inherently difficult. If we are unable to protect our trademarks and confusingly similar terms from such unauthorized use, competitors and other third parties may continue to drive potential online customers away from our websites to competing and unauthorized websites, which could harm our reputation and cause us to lose sales.

Our trademarks are limited in scope and geographic coverage and might not significantly distinguish us from our competition.

We own several U.S. trademark registrations, including registrations of the Rosetta Stone, Tell Me More, Livemocha, Lexia and FitBrains trademarks, as well as U.S. registrations of the color yellow as a trademark. In addition, we hold common law trademark rights and have trademark applications pending in the U.S. and abroad for additional trademarks. Even if federal registrations and registrations in other countries are granted to us, our trademark rights may be challenged. It is also possible that our competitors will adopt trademarks similar to ours, thus impeding our ability to build brand identity and possibly leading to customer confusion. In fact, various third parties have registered trademarks that are similar to ours in the U.S. and overseas. Furthermore, notwithstanding the fact that we may have secured trademark rights for our various trademarks in the

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United States and in some countries where we do business, in other countries we may not have secured similar rights and, in those countries there may be third parties who have prior use and prior or superior rights to our own. That prior use, prior or superior right could limit use of our trademarks and we could be challenged in our efforts to use our trademarks. We could incur substantial costs in prosecuting or defending trademark infringement suits. If we fail to effectively enforce our trademark rights, our competitive position and brand recognition may be diminished.

We must monitor and protect our Internet domain names to preserve their value. We may be unable to prevent third parties from acquiring domain names that are similar to, infringe on or otherwise decrease the value of our trademarks.

We own several domain names related to our business. Third parties may acquire substantially similar domain names or Top Level Domains ("TLDs") that decrease the value of our domain names and trademarks and other proprietary rights which may hurt our business. Third parties also may acquire country-specific domain names in the form of Country Code TLDs that include our trademarks or similar terms and which prevent us from operating country-specific websites from which customers can view our products and engage in transactions with us. Moreover, the regulation of domain names in the United States and foreign countries is subject to change. Governing bodies could appoint additional domain name registrars, modify the requirements for holding domain names or release additional TLDs. As a result, we may have to incur additional costs to maintain control over potentially relevant domain names or may not maintain exclusive rights to all potentially relevant domain names in the United States or in other countries in which we conduct business, which could harm our business or reputation. Moreover, attempts may be made to register our trademarks as new TLDs or as domain names within new TLDs and we will have to make efforts to enforce our rights against such registration attempts.

Our business depends on a strong brand, and failing to maintain or enhance the Rosetta Stone brands in a cost-effective manner could harm our operating results.

Maintaining and enhancing our brands is an important aspect of our efforts to attract and expand our business. We believe that maintaining and enhancing our brands will depend largely on our ability to provide high-quality, innovative products, and services, which we might not do successfully. Our brands may be negatively impacted by a number of factors such as service outages, product malfunctions, data protection and security issues, and exploitation of our trademarks by others without permission.

Further, while we attempt to ensure that the quality of our brands is maintained by our licensees, our licensees might take actions that could impair the value of our brands, our proprietary rights, or the reputation of our products. If we are unable to maintain or enhance our brands in a cost-effective manner, or if we incur excessive expenses in these efforts, our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed.

Claims that we misuse the intellectual property of others could subject us to significant liability and disrupt our business.

As we expand our business and develop new technologies, products and services, we may become subject to material claims of infringement by competitors and other third parties with respect to current or future products, e-commerce and other web-related technologies, online business methods, trademarks or other proprietary rights. Our competitors, some of which may have made significant investments in competing products and technologies, and may have, or seek to apply for and obtain, patents, copyrights or trademarks that will prevent, limit or interfere with our ability to make, use and sell our current and future products and technologies, and we may not be successful in defending allegations of infringement of these patents, copyrights or trademarks. Further, we may not be aware of all of the patents and other intellectual property rights owned by third parties that may be potentially adverse to our interests. We may need to resort to litigation to enforce our proprietary rights or to determine the scope and validity of a third-party's patents or other proprietary rights, including whether any of our products, technologies or processes infringe the patents or other proprietary rights of third parties. We may incur substantial expenses in defending against third-party infringement claims regardless of the merit of such claims. The outcome of any such proceedings is uncertain and, if unfavorable, could force us to discontinue advertising and sale of the affected products or impose significant penalties, limitations or restrictions on our business. We do not conduct comprehensive patent searches to determine whether the technologies used in our products infringe upon patents held by others. In addition, product development is inherently uncertain in a rapidly evolving technological environment in which there may be numerous patent applications pending, many of which are confidential when filed, with regard to similar technologies.

We do not own all of the software, other technologies and content used in our products and services, and the failure to obtain rights to use such software, other technologies and content could harm our business.

Some of our products and services contain intellectual property owned by third parties, including software that is integrated with internally developed software and voice recognition software, which we license from third parties. From time to time we may be required to renegotiate with these third parties or negotiate with new third parties to include their technology or content in our existing products, in new versions of our existing products or in wholly new products. We may not be able to negotiate or renegotiate licenses on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, and the third-party software may not be

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appropriately supported, maintained or enhanced by the licensors. If we are unable to obtain the rights necessary to use or continue to use third-party technology or content in our products and services, this could harm our business, by resulting in increased costs, or in delays or reductions in product shipments until equivalent software could be developed, identified, licensed and integrated.

Our use of open source software could impose limitations on our ability to commercialize our products.

We incorporate open source software into our products and may use more open source software in the future. The use of open source software is governed by license agreements. The terms of many open source licenses have not been interpreted by U.S. courts, and there is a risk that these licenses could be construed in a manner that could impose unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to commercialize our products. Therefore, we could be required to seek licenses from third parties in order to continue offering our products, make generally available, in source code form, proprietary code that links to certain open source modules, re-engineer our products, discontinue the sale of our products if re-engineering could not be accomplished on a cost-effective and timely basis, or become subject to other consequences. In addition, open source licenses generally do not provide warranties or other contractual protections regarding infringement claims or the quality of the code. Thus, we may have little or no recourse if we become subject to infringement claims relating to the open source software or if the open source software is defective in any manner.

As our product and service offerings become more complex, our reported revenue may become less predictable.

We continue to transition our Consumer distribution more towards online. The accounting policies that apply to these sources of revenue may be more complex than those that apply to our traditional products and services. In addition, we may change the manner in which we sell our software licenses, and such change could cause delays in revenue recognition in accordance with accounting standards. Under these accounting standards, even if we deliver products and services to, and collect cash from, a customer in a given fiscal period, we may be required to defer recognizing revenue from the sale of such product or service until a future period when all the conditions necessary for revenue recognition have been satisfied. As we move more of our Consumer business online we will continue to collect less cash from our initial transactions with consumers which could substantially decrease our revenue in the short term. Conditions that can cause delays in revenue recognition include software arrangements that have undelivered elements for which we have not yet established vendor specific objective evidence of fair value, requirements that we deliver services for significant enhancements or modifications to customize our software for a particular customer or material customer acceptance criteria.

We offer Consumer language-learning packages that include perpetual software and online services that have increased our costs as a percentage of revenue, and these and future product introductions may not succeed and may harm our business, financial results and reputation.

Our Consumer language-learning packages integrate our language-learning software solutions with online services, which provide opportunities for practice with dedicated language conversation coaches and other language learners to increase language socialization. The costs associated with the online services included with these software packagesdecrease margins. Customers may choose to not engage with conversation coaches or be willing to pay higher prices to do so. In addition, we are required to defer recognition of all or a portion of each sale of this packaged software over the duration of our online service periods. We cannot assure you that our future software package offeringswill be successful or profitable, or if they are profitable, that they will provide an adequate return on invested capital. If our software package offerings are not successful, our business, financial results and reputation may be harmed.

Substantially all of our inventory is located in one warehouse facility. Any damage or disruption at this facility could cause significant financial loss, including loss of revenue and harm to our reputation.

Substantially all of our inventory is located in one warehouse facility. We could experience significant interruption in the operation of this facility or damage or destruction of our inventory due to natural disasters, accidents, failures of the inventory locator or automated packing and shipping systems or other events. If a material portion of our inventory were to be damaged or destroyed, we might be unable to meet our contractual obligations which could cause us significant financial loss, including loss of revenue and harm to our reputation. As our business continues to move online, we expect that this risk will diminish over time.

Provisions in our organizational documents and in the Delaware General Corporation Law may prevent takeover attempts that could be beneficial to our stockholders.

Provisions in our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation and second amended and restated bylaws, and in the Delaware General Corporation Law, may make it difficult and expensive for a third party to pursue a takeover attempt we oppose even if a change in control of our company would be beneficial to the interests of our stockholders. Any provision of our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation or second amended and restated bylaws or Delaware law that has

56

the effect of delaying or deterring a change in control could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our common stock, and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our common stock. Our Board of Directors has the authority to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series and to fix the powers, preferences and rights of each series without stockholder approval. The ability to issue preferred stock could discourage unsolicited acquisition proposals or make it more difficult for a third party to gain control of our company, or otherwise could adversely affect the market price of our common stock. Further, as a Delaware corporation, we are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. This section generally prohibits us from engaging in mergers and other business combinations with stockholders that beneficially own 15% or more of our voting stock, or with their affiliates, unless our directors or stockholders approve the business combination in the prescribed manner.

Item 2.  Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3.  Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4.    Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5.    Other Information

None.

57

Item 6.  Exhibits

Exhibits
3.1(1)	Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company.
3.2(1)	Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company.
4.1(1)	Specimen certificate evidencing shares of Common Stock of the Company.
4.2(1)	Registration Rights Agreement dated January 4, 2006 among the Company and the Investor Shareholders and other Shareholders listed on Exhibit A thereto.
10.1*	Fifth Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement dated as of March 14, 2016 between Silicon Valley Bank and Rosetta Stone Ltd.
31.1*	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, with respect to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2016.
31.2*	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, with respect to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2016.
32**	Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, with respect to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2016.
101.INS*	XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema.
101.CAL*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase.
101.DEF*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase.
101.LAB*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase.
101.PRE*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase.

* Filed herewith

** Furnished herewith

(1) Incorporated by reference to exhibit filed with Registrant’s registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-153632), as amended.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

ROSETTA STONE INC.

/s/ THOMAS M. PIERNO

Thomas M. Pierno

Chief Financial Officer

Date: May 4, 2016

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EX-10.1

Execution Version JOINDER AND FIFTH AMENDMENT TO LOAN AND SECURITY AGREEMENT This Joinder and Fifth Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement (this “Amendment”) dated as of March 14, 2016, is by between SILICON VALLEY BANK, a California corporation with a loan production office located at 275 Grove Street, Suite 2-200, Newton, Massachusetts 02466 (“Bank”), ROSETTA STONE LTD., a Virginia corporation (“Borrower”), and LEXIA LEARNING SYSTEMS LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“New Borrower”). W I T N E S S E T H: WHEREAS, Borrower and Bank are party to that certain Loan and Security Agreement dated as of October 28, 2014, as amended by a certain First Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement dated March 31, 2015, as further amended by a certain Second Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement dated May 1, 2015, as further amended by a certain Third Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement dated June 26, 2015, and as further amended by a certain Fourth Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement dated December 29, 2015 (as amended, modified, supplemented or restated and in effect from time to time, the “Loan Agreement”); and WHEREAS, Borrower has requested that Bank agree to modify and amend certain terms and conditions of the Loan Agreement. NOW, THEREFORE, for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows: 1. Capitalized Terms. All capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the same meaning herein as in the Loan Agreement. 2. Joinder and Assumption. New Borrower is a wholly-owned Subsidiary of Borrower. New Borrower hereby joins the Loan Agreement and each of the other appropriate Loan Documents, and agrees to comply with and be bound by all of the terms, conditions and covenants of the Loan Agreement and each of the other appropriate Loan Documents, as if New Borrower were originally named a “Borrower” and/or a “Debtor” therein. Without limiting the generality of the preceding sentence, New Borrower hereby assumes and agrees to pay and perform when due all present and future indebtedness, liabilities and obligations of Borrower under the Loan Agreement, including, without limitation, the Obligations. From and after the date hereof, all references in the Loan Documents to “Borrower” and/or “Debtor” shall be deemed to refer to and include New Borrower. Further, all present and future Obligations of Borrower shall be deemed to refer to all present and future Obligations of New Borrower. New Borrower acknowledges that the Obligations are due and owing to Bank from Borrower including, without limitation, New Borrower, without any defense, offset or counterclaim of any kind or nature whatsoever as of the date hereof. 3. Grant of Security Interest. To secure the payment and performance of all of the Obligations, New Borrower hereby grants to Bank a continuing lien upon and security interest in all of New Borrower’s now existing or hereafter arising rights and interest in the Collateral, whether now owned or existing or hereafter created, acquired, or arising, and wherever located, including, without limitation, all of New Borrower’s assets listed on Exhibit A attached hereto

2 and all of New Borrower’s books and records relating to the foregoing and any and all claims, rights and interests in any of the above and all substitutions for, additions, attachments, accessories, accessions and improvements to and replacements, products, proceeds and insurance proceeds of any or all of the foregoing. New Borrower represents, warrants, and covenants that the security interest granted herein is and shall at all times continue to be a first priority perfected security interest in the Collateral (subject only to Permitted Liens). New Borrower hereby authorizes Bank to file financing statements, without notice to New Borrower, with all appropriate jurisdictions in order to perfect or protect Bank’s Lien hereunder and under the other Loan Documents. Such financing statements may indicate the Collateral as “all assets of the Debtor” or words of similar effect, or as being of an equal or lesser scope, or with greater detail, all in Bank’s discretion. 4. Subrogation and Similar Rights. Borrower (in each case including, without limitation, New Borrower) waives any suretyship defenses available to it under the Code or any other applicable law. Borrower waives any right to require Bank to: (i) proceed against any other Borrower or any other Person; (ii) proceed against or exhaust any security; or (iii) pursue any other remedy. Bank may exercise or not exercise any right or remedy it has against any Borrower or any security it holds (including the right to foreclose by judicial or non-judicial sale) without affecting any Borrower’s liability. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the Loan Agreement, or any other Loan Documents, Borrower irrevocably subordinates to the prior payment in full of the Obligations and the termination of the Bank’s commitment to make Advances to Borrower and agrees not to assert or enforce prior to the payment in full of the Obligations and the termination of the Bank’s commitment to make Advances to Borrower, all rights that it may have at law or in equity (including, without limitation, any law subrogating such Borrower to the rights of Bank under the Loan Agreement), to seek contribution, indemnification or any other form of reimbursement from any other Borrower or any other Person now or hereafter primarily or secondarily liable for any of the Obligations, for any payment made by a Borrower with respect to the Obligations in connection with the Loan Agreement or otherwise and all rights that it might have to benefit from, or to participate in, any security for the Obligations as a result of any payment made by any Borrower with respect to the Obligations in connection with the Loan Agreement or otherwise. If any payment is made to any Borrower in contravention of this section, such Borrower shall hold such payment in trust for Bank and such payment shall be promptly delivered to Bank for application to the Obligations, whether matured or unmatured. Either Borrower may, acting singly, request Advances under the Loan Agreement. Each Borrower hereby appoints the other as agent for the other for all purposes under the Loan Agreement, including with respect to requesting Advances thereunder. Each Borrower shall be jointly and severally obligated to repay all Advances made under the Loan Agreement or any other Loan Documents, regardless of which Borrower actually received said Advances, as if each Borrower directly received all Advances. 5. Borrowing Base Restrictions. Until Bank has conducted an inspection of New Borrower’s Accounts, assets, and books and records, with results satisfactory to Bank in its reasonable discretion, the Accounts of New Borrower will not be included in the calculation of Borrowing Base, and none will be included in any Transaction Report submitted by Borrower. 6. Amendments to Loan Agreement.

3 (a) Section 2.1.1(a) (Revolving Advances; Availability). Section 2.1.1(a) is amended in its entirety and replaced with the following: “(a) Availability. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, Bank shall make Advances not exceeding the Availability Amount. Amounts borrowed under the Revolving Line may be repaid and, prior to the Revolving Line Maturity Date, reborrowed, subject to the applicable terms and conditions precedent herein.” (b) Section 2.1.2 (Letters of Credit). The following new Section 2.1.2 is hereby inserted immediately following Section 2.1.1: “2.1.2 Letters of Credit. a) As part of the Revolving Line, Bank shall issue or have issued Letters of Credit denominated in Dollars or a Foreign Currency for Borrower’s account. The aggregate Dollar Equivalent of the face amount of outstanding Letters of Credit (including drawn but unreimbursed Letters of Credit and any Letter of Credit Reserve) shall at all times reduce the amount otherwise available for Advances under the Revolving Line and may not exceed Four Million Dollars ($4,000,000). b) If, on the Revolving Line Maturity Date (or the effective date of any termination of this Agreement), there are any outstanding Letters of Credit, then on such date Borrower shall provide to Bank cash collateral in an amount equal to (x) if such Letters of Credit are denominated in Dollars, then at least one hundred five percent (105%) and (y) if such Letters of Credit are denominated in a Foreign Currency, then at least one hundred ten percent (110%), of the aggregate Dollar Equivalent of the face amount of all such Letters of Credit plus all interest, fees, and costs due or estimated by Bank to become due in connection therewith, to secure all of the Obligations relating to such Letters of Credit. All Letters of Credit shall be in form and substance acceptable to Bank in its sole discretion and shall be subject to the terms and conditions of Bank’s standard Application and Letter of Credit Agreement (the “Letter of Credit Application”). Borrower agrees to execute any further documentation in connection with the Letters of Credit as Bank may reasonably request. Borrower further agrees to be bound by the regulations and interpretations of the issuer of any Letters of Credit guarantied by Bank and opened for Borrower’s account or by Bank’s interpretations of any Letter of Credit issued by Bank for Borrower’s account, and Borrower understands and agrees that Bank shall not be liable for any error, negligence, or mistake, whether of omission or commission, in following Borrower’s instructions or those contained in the Letters of Credit or any modifications, amendments, or supplements thereto. c) The obligation of Borrower to immediately reimburse Bank for drawings made under Letters of Credit shall be absolute, unconditional, and

4 irrevocable, and shall be performed strictly in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, such Letters of Credit, and the Letter of Credit Application. d) Borrower may request that Bank issue a Letter of Credit payable in a Foreign Currency. If a demand for payment is made under any such Letter of Credit, Bank shall treat such demand as an Advance to Borrower of the Dollar Equivalent of the amount thereof (plus fees and charges in connection therewith such as wire, cable, SWIFT or similar charges). e) To guard against fluctuations in currency exchange rates, upon the issuance of any Letter of Credit payable in a Foreign Currency, Bank shall create a reserve (the “Letter of Credit Reserve”) under the Revolving Line in an amount equal to ten percent (10%) of the face amount of such Letter of Credit. The amount of the Letter of Credit Reserve may be adjusted by Bank from time to time to account for fluctuations in the exchange rate. The availability of funds under the Revolving Line shall be reduced by the amount of such Letter of Credit Reserve for as long as such Letter of Credit remains outstanding.” (c) Section 2.2 (General Provisions Relating to the Advances). Section 2.2 is amended in its entirety and replaced with the following: “2.2 Reserved.” (d) Section 2.3 (Overadvances). Section 2.3 is amended in its entirety and replaced with the following: “2.3 Overadvances. If, at any time, the outstanding principal amount of the Advances exceeds the lesser of either the Revolving Line or the Borrowing Base, Borrower shall immediately pay to Bank in cash the amount of such excess (such excess, the “Overadvance”). Without limiting Borrower’s obligation to repay Bank any Overadvance, Borrower agrees to pay Bank interest on the outstanding amount of any Overadvance, on demand, at the Default Rate.” (e) Section 2.4 (Payment of Interest on the Advances). Section 2.4 is amended in its entirety and replaced with the following: “2.4 Payment of Interest on the Advances. (a) Advances. Subject to Section 2.4(b), the principal amount outstanding under the Revolving Line shall accrue interest at a floating per annum rate equal to the Prime Rate plus one percent (1.00%); provided, however, during a Streamline Period, the principal amount outstanding under the Revolving Line shall accrue interest at a floating per annum rate equal to the Prime Rate. In each case, interest shall be payable quarterly in accordance with Section 2.4(d) below. (b) Default Rate. Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, Obligations shall bear interest at a rate per annum which is two percentage points (2.0%) above the rate that would otherwise be applicable

5 thereto (the “Default Rate”). Payment or acceptance of the increased interest provided in this Section 2.4(b) is not a permitted alternative to timely payment and shall not constitute a waiver of any Event of Default or otherwise prejudice or limit any rights or remedies of Bank. (c) Adjustment to Interest Rate. Changes to the interest rate of any Advance based on changes to the Prime Rate shall be effective on the effective date of any change to the Prime Rate and to the extent of any such change. (d) Payment; Interest Computation. Interest is payable quarterly on the last calendar day of each quarter and shall be computed on the basis of a 360- day year for the actual number of days elapsed. In computing interest on any Advance, the date of the making of such Advance shall be included and the date of payment shall be excluded; provided, however, that if any Advance is repaid on the same date on which it is made, such day shall be included in computing interest on such Advance.” (f) Section 2.5(c) (Fees; Unused Revolving Line Facility Fee). Section 2.5(c) is amended in its entirety and replaced with the following: “(c) Unused Revolving Line Facility Fee. Payable quarterly in arrears on the first day of each calendar quarter occurring after the Effective Date and on the Revolving Line Maturity Date, a fee (the “Unused Revolving Line Facility Fee”) in an amount equal to forty-five hundredths of one percent (0.45%) per annum of the average unused portion of the Revolving Line, as determined by Bank (which determination shall, absent manifest error in calculation, be presumed correct). The unused portion of the Revolving Line, for purposes of this calculation, shall be calculated on a calendar year basis and shall equal the difference between (i) the Revolving Line, and (ii) the average for the period of the daily closing balance of the Revolving Line Advances outstanding;” (g) Section 3.2(a) and (b) (Conditions Precedent to all Advances). Sections 3.2(a) and (b) are amended in their entirety and replaced with the following: “(a) timely receipt of an executed Transaction Report (which Transaction Report will not be required if such Advance is made to satisfy Obligations which have become due); (b) the representations and warranties in this Agreement shall be true, accurate, and complete in all material respects on the date of the Transaction Report and on the Funding Date of each Advance; provided, however, that such materiality qualifier shall not be applicable to any representations and warranties that already are qualified or modified by materiality in the text thereof; and provided, further that those representations and warranties expressly referring to a specific date shall be true, accurate and complete in all material respects as of such date; and” (h) Section 3.4(a) (Procedures for Borrowing). Section 3.4(a) is amended in its entirety and replaced with the following:

6 “(a) Subject to the prior satisfaction of all other applicable conditions to the making of an Advance set forth in this Agreement, an Advance shall be made upon Borrower’s irrevocable written notice delivered to Bank by electronic mail in the form of a Transaction Report executed by an Authorized Signer or without instructions if any Advance is necessary to meet Obligations which have become due. Such Transaction Report must be received by Bank prior to 12:00 p.m. Eastern time on the Funding Date of the Advance, specifying the amount of the Advance.” (i) Section 3.5, Section 3.6 and Section 3.7 of the Loan Agreement are deleted in their entirety. (j) Section 5.12 (Accounts Receivable). The following new Section 5.12 is hereby inserted immediately following Section 5.11: “5.12 Accounts Receivable. (a) For each Account with respect to which Advances are requested, on the date each Advance is requested and made, such Account shall be an Eligible Account. (b) All statements made and all unpaid balances appearing in all invoices, instruments and other documents evidencing the Eligible Accounts are and shall be true and correct and all such invoices, instruments and other documents, and all of Borrower's Books are genuine and in all respects what they purport to be. All sales and other transactions underlying or giving rise to each Eligible Account shall comply in all material respects with all applicable laws and governmental rules and regulations. Borrower has no knowledge of any actual or imminent Insolvency Proceeding of any Account Debtor whose accounts are Eligible Accounts in any Transaction Report. To the best of Borrower’s knowledge, all signatures and endorsements on all documents, instruments, and agreements relating to all Eligible Accounts are genuine, and all such documents, instruments and agreements are legally enforceable in accordance with their terms.” (k) Section 6.2(a) and (b) (Financial Statements, Reports, Certificates). Section 6.2(a) and (b) are amended in their entirety and replaced with the following: “(a) Monthly or Quarterly Financial Statements. (i) If there are Advances outstanding under the Revolving Line, as soon as available, but no later than thirty (30) days after the last day of each month or (ii) if there are no Advances outstanding under the Revolving Line, as soon as available but no later than forty-five (45) days after the end of each fiscal quarter, a company prepared consolidated balance sheet and income statement covering Ultimate Parent and each of its consolidated Subsidiary’s operations for such month or fiscal quarter, as applicable, certified by a Responsible Officer and in a form reasonably acceptable to Bank (the “Monthly Financial Statements”); (b) Monthly or Quarterly Compliance Certificate. Together with the Monthly Financial Statements (or quarterly, as applicable), a duly completed Compliance

7 Certificate signed by a Responsible Officer, certifying, as of the end of such calendar month or fiscal quarter, as applicable, as to whether the Credit Parties were in compliance with all of the terms and conditions of this Agreement, and, if a Default or Event of Default exists, specifying the details thereof any action taken or proposed to be taken with respect thereto, and setting forth calculations of the financial covenants set forth in Section 6.8;” (l) Section 6.2 (Financial Statements, Reports, Certificates). The following new Section 6.2(h) and (i) are hereby inserted immediately following subsection (g): “(h) a Transaction Report (and any schedules related thereto) (i) with each request for an Advance, (ii) on the first Business Day of each month and the fifteenth (15) day of each month when a Streamline Period is not in effect and there are Advances outstanding under the Revolving Line, (iii) within thirty (30) days after the end of each month when a Streamline Period is in effect and there are Advances outstanding under the Revolving Line, and (iv) within forty-five (45) days after the end of each fiscal quarter if there are no Advances outstanding under the Revolving Line; and (i) (x) on the first Business Day of each month and the fifteenth (15) day of each month when a Streamline Period is not in effect and there are Advances outstanding under the Revolving Line, (y) within thirty (30) days after the end of each month when a Streamline Period is in effect and there are Advances outstanding under the Revolving Line, and (z) within forty-five (45) days after the end of each fiscal quarter if there are no Advances outstanding under the Revolving Line, (A) accounts receivable agings, aged by invoice date, (B) accounts payable report, listed by invoice date, and outstanding or held check registers, if any, and (C) reconciliations of accounts receivable agings (aged by invoice date), and general ledger, in each case as of the last day of the most recent month or fiscal quarter, as applicable.” (m) Section 6.4 (Collection of Accounts). Section 6.4 is amended in its entirety and replaced with the following: “6.4. Accounts Receivable. (a) Schedules and Documents Relating to Accounts. Borrower shall deliver to Bank Transaction Reports and schedules of collections, as provided in Section 6.2, on Bank’s standard forms; provided, however, that Borrower’s failure to execute and deliver the same shall not affect or limit Bank’s Lien and other rights in all of Borrower’s Accounts, nor shall Bank’s failure to advance or lend against a specific Account affect or limit Bank’s Lien and other rights therein. If requested by Bank, Borrower shall furnish Bank with copies of all contracts, orders, invoices, and other similar documents, and all shipping instructions, delivery receipts, bills of lading, and other evidence of delivery, for any goods the sale or disposition of which gave rise to such Accounts included in a Transaction Report. In addition, if an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, Borrower shall deliver to Bank, on its request, the originals of all instruments, chattel paper, security agreements, guarantees and other documents and property

8 evidencing or securing any such Accounts, in the same form as received, with all necessary indorsements, and copies of all credit memos. Nothing in this Section 6.4(a) shall obligate Borrower to deliver any item that is privileged attorney client communication. (b) Disputes. Borrower shall promptly notify Bank of all disputes or claims relating to Accounts included in a Transaction Report. Borrower may forgive (completely or partially), compromise, or settle any such Account for less than payment in full, or agree to do any of the foregoing so long as (i) Borrower does so in good faith, in a commercially reasonable manner, in the ordinary course of business, in arm’s-length transactions, and reports the same to Bank in the regular reports provided to Bank; (ii) no Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing; and (iii) after taking into account all such discounts, settlements and forgiveness, the total outstanding Advances will not exceed the lesser of the Revolving Line or the Borrowing Base. (c) Collection of Accounts. Each Credit Party shall direct Account Debtors to deliver or transmit all proceeds of Accounts into a lockbox account (with respect to check receipts) or such other “blocked account” as may be specified by Bank (either such account, the “Cash Collateral Account”). Whether or not an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, Borrower shall immediately deliver all payments on and proceeds of Accounts to the Cash Collateral Account. Such payments and proceeds shall be (X) prior to the occurrence and continuance of an Event of Default, (i) during a Streamline Period, transferred to the Designated Deposit Account or (ii) if a Streamline Period is not in effect, applied to immediately reduce the Obligations, and (Y) following the occurrence and continuance of an Event of Default, applied pursuant to Section 9.4. (d) Returns. Provided no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, if any Account Debtor returns any Inventory to Borrower, excluding Inventory that Borrower has consigned to Account Debtors in the ordinary course of business, Borrower shall promptly (i) determine the reason for such return, (ii) issue a credit memorandum to the Account Debtor in the appropriate amount, and (iii) provide a copy of such credit memorandum to Bank, upon request from Bank. In the event any attempted return occurs after the occurrence and during the continuance of any Event of Default, Borrower shall hold the returned Inventory in trust for Bank, and immediately notify Bank of the return of the Inventory. (e) Verification. Bank may, from time to time, verify directly with the respective Account Debtors the validity, amount and other matters relating to the Accounts, either in the name of Borrower or Bank or such other name as Bank may choose, and notify any Account Debtor of Bank’s security interest in such Account.

9 (f) No Liability. Bank shall not be responsible or liable for any shortage or discrepancy in, damage to, or loss or destruction of, any goods, the sale or other disposition of which gives rise to an Account, or for any error, act, omission, or delay of any kind occurring in the settlement, failure to settle, collection or failure to collect any Account, or for settling any Account in good faith for less than the full amount thereof, nor shall Bank be deemed to be responsible for any of Borrower's obligations under any contract or agreement giving rise to an Account. Nothing herein shall, however, relieve Bank from liability for its own gross negligence or willful misconduct.” (n) Section 6.15 (Remittance of Proceeds). The following new Section 6.15 is hereby inserted immediately following Section 6.14: “6.15 Remittance of Proceeds. Except (i) as otherwise provided in Section 6.4(c), (ii) if a Streamline Period is in effect, (iii) if no Advances are outstanding under the Revolving Line, or (iv) in respect of a Permitted Transfer, deliver, in kind, all proceeds arising from the disposition of any Collateral to Bank in the original form in which received by Borrower not later than the following Business Day after receipt by Borrower, to be applied to the Obligations (a) prior to an Event of Default, pursuant to the terms of Section 2.6(b) hereof, and (b) after the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, pursuant to the terms of Section 9.4 hereof; provided that, if no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, Borrower shall not be obligated to remit to Bank the proceeds of the sale of worn out or obsolete Equipment disposed of by Borrower in good faith in an arm’s length transaction for an aggregate purchase price of One Hundred Thousand Dollars ($100,000) or less (for all such transactions in any fiscal year). Borrower agrees that it will not commingle proceeds of Collateral with any of Borrower’s other funds or property, but will hold such proceeds separate and apart from such other funds and property and in an express trust for Bank. Nothing in this Section limits the restrictions on disposition of Collateral set forth elsewhere in this Agreement.” (o) Section 13.1 (Definitions). The following terms and their respective definitions set forth in Section 13.1 are amended in their entirety and replaced with the following: “Adjusted EBITDA” means (a) GAAP Net Income plus (b) Interest Expense (less interest income), (c) income tax benefit and expense, (c) depreciation, (d) amortization and (e) stock-based compensation expense, (f) other non-operating expense (less other income) (as such amount is shown on the “Other income and (expense)” line item below the operating income line in the Ultimate Parent's relevant income statement, determined in accordance with GAAP), (g) goodwill impairment, (h) the change in Deferred Revenue (excluding acquired Deferred Revenue), less (i) the change in deferred commissions, (j) any items related to the litigation with Google Inc., (k) restructuring and related wind down costs, consulting and other related costs associated with development and implementation of Borrower’s revised business strategy, severance costs and transaction and other costs associated with mergers and acquisitions, and (l) all adjustments related to recording the non-cash tax valuation allowance for deferred tax

10 assets (with items (k) and (l) not to exceed an aggregate amount of $8,500,000 for the twelve (12) month period following the Fifth Amendment Effective Date). “Availability Amount” is (a) the lesser of (i) the Revolving Line (which, for the avoidance of doubt, is reduced by the face amount of all outstanding Letters of Credit (including drawn but unreimbursed Letters of Credit and any Letter of Credit Reserve)) or (ii) the amount available under the Borrowing Base minus (b) the outstanding principal balance of any Advances. “Revolving Line Maturity Date” is January 1, 2018. (p) Section 13.1 (Definitions). The following new terms and their respective definitions are hereby inserted into Section 13.1, each in their respective alphabetical order: “Borrowing Base” is (a) eighty percent (80%) of Eligible Accounts, as determined by Bank from Borrower’s most recent Transaction Report (provided, however, Eligible Accounts with respect to clauses (b), (c), (d) and (q) shall not include Accounts in excess of ninety (90) days of invoice date to the extent the aggregate amount of such Accounts exceeds ten percent (10%) of Eligible Accounts), plus (b) during a Non-Formula Period, the Non-Formula Amount; provided, however, that Bank has the right to decrease the foregoing percentage in its good faith business judgment upon prior consultation with Borrower to mitigate the impact of events, conditions, contingencies, or risks which may adversely affect the Collateral or its value; provided, further that in the event Bank exercises such right to decrease the foregoing percentage, such circumstance shall not in and of itself constitute a Material Adverse Change or create an inference that a Material Adverse Change has occurred. “Cash Collateral Account” is defined in Section 6.4(c). “Eligible Accounts” means Accounts which arise in the ordinary course of Borrower’s business that meet all Borrower’s representations and warranties in Section 5.12, (minus any discounts, credits, reserves for bad debt, customer adjustments, or other offsets which relate to such Accounts). Bank reserves the right at any time upon prior consultation with Borrower to adjust any of the criteria set forth below and to establish new criteria in its good faith business judgment. Unless Bank otherwise agrees in writing, Eligible Accounts shall not include: a) Accounts for which the Account Debtor is Borrower’s Affiliate, officer, employee, or agent; b) Accounts that the Account Debtor has not paid within one hundred twenty (120) days of invoice date regardless of invoice payment period terms; c) Accounts with credit balances over one hundred twenty (120) days from invoice date;

11 d) Accounts owing from an Account Debtor if fifty percent (50%) or more of the Accounts owing from such Account Debtor have not been paid within one hundred twenty (120) days of invoice date; e) Accounts owing from an Account Debtor which does not have its principal place of business in the United States or such other jurisdictions approved by Bank in writing in its sole and absolute discretion on a case-by-case basis; f) Accounts billed from and/or payable to Borrower outside of the United States unless Bank has a first priority, perfected security interest or other enforceable Lien in such Accounts under all applicable laws, including foreign laws (sometimes called foreign invoiced accounts); g) Accounts owing from an Account Debtor to the extent that Borrower is indebted or obligated in any manner to the Account Debtor (as creditor, lessor, supplier or otherwise - sometimes called “contra” accounts, accounts payable, customer deposits or credit accounts); h) Accounts owing from an Account Debtor which is a United States government entity or any department, agency, or instrumentality thereof unless Borrower has assigned its payment rights to Bank and the assignment has been acknowledged under the Federal Assignment of Claims Act of 1940, as amended; i) Accounts for demonstration or promotional equipment, or in which goods are consigned, or sold on a “sale guaranteed”, “sale or return”, “sale on approval”, or other terms if Account Debtor’s payment may be conditional; j) Accounts owing from an Account Debtor where goods or services have not yet been rendered to the Account Debtor (sometimes called memo billings or pre- billings), other than any such Accounts with respect to which Borrower has recorded Deferred Revenue; k) Accounts subject to contractual arrangements between Borrower and an Account Debtor where payments shall be scheduled or due according to completion or fulfillment requirements where the Account Debtor has a right of offset for damages suffered as a result of Borrower’s failure to perform in accordance with the contract (sometimes called contracts accounts receivable, progress billings, milestone billings, or fulfillment contracts); l) Accounts owing from an Account Debtor the amount of which may be subject to withholding based on the Account Debtor’s satisfaction of Borrower’s complete performance (but only to the extent of the amount withheld; sometimes called retainage billings); m) Accounts subject to trust provisions, subrogation rights of a bonding company, or a statutory trust;

12 n) Accounts owing from an Account Debtor that has been invoiced for goods that have not been shipped to the Account Debtor unless Bank, Borrower, and the Account Debtor have entered into an agreement acceptable to Bank wherein the Account Debtor acknowledges that (i) it has title to and has ownership of the goods wherever located, (ii) a bona fide sale of the goods has occurred, and (iii) it owes payment for such goods in accordance with invoices from Borrower (sometimes called “bill and hold” accounts); o) Accounts for which the Account Debtor has not been invoiced; p) Accounts that represent non-trade receivables or that are derived by means other than in the ordinary course of Borrower’s business; q) Accounts for which Borrower has permitted Account Debtor’s payment to extend beyond one hundred twenty (120) days; r) Accounts arising from chargebacks, debit memos or other payment deductions taken by an Account Debtor; s) Accounts arising from product returns and/or exchanges (sometimes called “warranty” or “RMA” accounts); t) Accounts in which the Account Debtor disputes liability or makes any claim (but only up to the disputed or claimed amount), or if the Account Debtor is subject to an Insolvency Proceeding, or becomes insolvent, or goes out of business; u) Accounts owing from an Account Debtor, whose total obligations to Borrower exceed twenty-five percent (25%) of all Accounts, except for Amazon.com, Inc., for which such percentage is forty percent (40%), for the amounts that exceed that percentage, unless Bank approves in writing; and v) Accounts for which Bank in its good faith business judgment determines collection to be doubtful, including, without limitation, accounts represented by “refreshed” or “recycled” invoices. “Fifth Amendment Effective Date” is March 14, 2016. “Initial Audit” is Bank’s inspection of Borrower’s Accounts, the Collateral, and Borrower’s books and records, with results satisfactory to Bank in its reasonable discretion. “Letter of Credit Application” is defined in Section 2.1.2(b). “Letter of Credit Reserve” is defined in Section 2.1.2(e). “Liquidity” is, at any time, the sum of (a) the aggregate amount of unrestricted cash held at such time by Borrower in Deposit Accounts or Securities Accounts

13 maintained with Bank or its Affiliates plus (b) the Availability Amount (excluding the Non-Formula Amount from the Borrowing Base). “Monthly Financial Statements” is defined in Section 6.2(a). “Non-Formula Amount” is Five Million Dollars ($5,000,000) “Non-Formula Period” is, on and after the Fifth Amendment Effective Date, provided no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the period (a) commencing on the first day of the month following the day that Borrower provides to Bank a written report that Borrower has, for each consecutive day in the immediately preceding calendar month, Liquidity in an amount at all times greater than Twenty Five Million Dollars ($25,000,000) (the “Non-Formula Balance”); and (b) terminating on the earlier to occur of (i) the occurrence of an Event of Default, and (ii) the first day thereafter in which Borrower fails to maintain the Non-Formula Balance, subject, however, to Bank’s reasonable determination made within a reasonable time after its receipt of the relevant report that Borrower has maintained the requisite Liquidity in the relevant time periods. “Streamline Period” is, on and after the Fifth Amendment Effective Date, provided no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the period (a) commencing on the first day of the month following the day that Borrower provides to Bank a written report that Borrower has, for each consecutive day in the immediately preceding calendar month, Liquidity in an amount at all times greater than Seventeen Million Five Hundred Thousand Dollars ($17,500,000) (the “Streamline Balance”); and (b) terminating on the earlier to occur of (i) the occurrence of an Event of Default, and (ii) the first day thereafter in which Borrower fails to maintain the Streamline Balance. Upon the termination of a Streamline Period, Borrower must maintain the Streamline Balance each consecutive day for one (1) calendar month prior to entering into a subsequent Streamline Period. Borrower shall give Bank prior written notice of Borrower’s election to enter into any such Streamline Period, and each such Streamline Period shall commence on the first day of the monthly period following the date the Bank determines, in its reasonable discretion, that the Streamline Balance has been achieved, subject, however, in each such case to Bank’s reasonable determination made within a reasonable time after receipt of the relevant report that Borrower has maintained the requisite Liquidity in the relevant time periods. “Transaction Report” is that certain report of transactions and schedule of collections in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B, with appropriate insertions. (q) Section 13.1 (Definitions). The following terms and their respective definitions are hereby deleted from Section 13.1 in their entirety: “Current Liabilities” are all Obligations of Borrower to Bank, plus, without duplication, the aggregate amount of total liabilities of Ultimate Parent and its Subsidiaries that mature within one (1) year, minus Deferred Revenue. “LIBOR” means, with respect to each day during each Interest Period pertaining to ) a LIBOR Advance the rate per annum determined by Bank by reference to the ICE

14 Benchmark Administration (or any successor thereto if the ICE Benchmark Administration is no longer making a LIBOR rate available for deposits (for delivery on the first day of such Interest Period) with a term equivalent to such Interest Period in Dollars, determined as of approximately 11:00 A.M. (London, England time) two (2) Business Days prior to the beginning of such Interest Period (as set forth by Reuters or any successor thereto or any other commercially available service selected by Bank which provides quotations of LIBOR. In the event that Bank determines that LIBOR is not available, “LIBOR” shall be determined by reference to the rate per annum equal to the offered quotation rate to first class banks in the London interbank market by Bank for deposits (for delivery on the first day of the relevant Interest Period) in Dollars of amounts in same day funds comparable to the principal amount of the applicable Advance for which LIBOR is then being determined with maturities comparable to such period, as of approximately 11:00 A.M. (London, England time) two (2) Business Days prior to the beginning of such Interest Period. “LIBOR Advance” means an Advance that bears interest based at the LIBOR Rate. “LIBOR Rate” means, for each Interest Period in respect of LIBOR Advances comprising part of the same Advances, an interest rate per annum (rounded upward, if necessary, to the nearest 0.0001%) equal to LIBOR for such Interest Period divided by one (1) minus the Reserve Requirement for such Interest Period. “LIBOR Rate Margin” is two and one-quarter percent (2.25%). “Notice of Borrowing” means a notice given by Borrower to Bank in accordance with Section 3.4(a), substantially in the form of Exhibit B, with appropriate insertions. “Notice of Conversion/Continuation” means a notice given by Borrower to Bank in accordance with Section 3.5, substantially in the form of Exhibit C, with appropriate insertions. “Prime Rate Advance” means an Advance that bears interest based at the Prime Rate. “Prime Rate Margin” is one and one-quarter percent (1.25%). “Quarterly Financial Statements” is defined in Section 6.2(a). “Quick Assets” is, on any date, Ultimate Parent’s consolidated, unrestricted cash and Cash Equivalents, net billed accounts receivable and investments with maturities of fewer than 12 months determined according to GAAP. “Regulatory Change” means, with respect to Bank, any change on or after the date of this Agreement in United States federal, state, or foreign laws or regulations, including Regulation D of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System of the United States (or any successor), or the adoption or making on or after such date of any interpretations, directives, or requests applying to a class of lenders including Bank, of or

15 under any United States federal or state, or any foreign laws or regulations (whether or not having the force of law) by any court or governmental or monetary authority charged with the interpretation or administration thereof. “Reserve Requirement” for any day as applied to a LIBOR Advance, the aggregate (without duplication) of the maximum rates (expressed as a decimal fraction) of reserve requirements in effect on such day (including basic, supplemental, marginal and emergency reserves) under any regulations of the Board or other Governmental Authority having jurisdiction with respect thereto dealing with reserve requirements prescribed for eurocurrency funding (currently referred to as “Eurocurrency Liabilities” in Regulation D of the Board) maintained by a member bank of the Federal Reserve System. (r) Exhibit B, Exhibit D and Exhibit E to the Loan Agreement are hereby amended in their entireties and replaced by Exhibit B, Exhibit D and Exhibit E attached hereto. (s) Exhibit C of the Loan Agreement is hereby deleted in its entirety. 7. Conditions Precedent to Effectiveness. This Amendment shall not be effective until each of the following conditions precedent have been fulfilled to the satisfaction of Bank: (a) This Amendment shall have been duly executed and delivered by the respective parties hereto. Bank shall have received a fully executed copy hereof. (b) All necessary consents and approvals to this Amendment shall have been obtained by Borrower. (c) After giving effect to this Amendment, no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing. (d) Bank shall have received the fees costs and expenses required to be paid pursuant to Section 10 of this Amendment (including the reasonable and documented fees and disbursements of legal counsel required to be paid thereunder). 8. Post-Closing Requirements. Failure by Borrower to comply with any of the following within the time period indicated, or such longer period as Bank may agree in its reasonable discretion, shall constitute an immediate Event of Default for which no cure or grace periods apply: (a) Within seven (7) days after the Fifth Amendment Effective Date, Borrower shall deliver to Bank a certificate of good standing for each Credit Party certified by the Secretary of State of such Credit Party’s respective state of formation, together with duly executed signatures to a completed Borrowing Resolution for each Borrower; (b) Within ten (10) days after the Fifth Amendment Effective Date, Borrower shall provide Bank with evidence satisfactory to Bank that the insurance policies and

16 endorsements thereto required by Section 6.6 of the Loan Agreement are in full force and effect; (c) Within thirty (30) days after the Fifth Amendment Effective Date, Borrower shall deliver to Bank a landlord consent in favor of Bank for 300-310 Baker Avenue, Concord, MA 01742 by the landlord thereof, together with the duly executed original signatures thereto; (d) Within thirty (30) days after the Fifth Amendment Effective Date, Borrower shall deliver to Bank an updated Perfection Certificate, together with the duly executed signatures thereto, and take whatever actions Bank may deem reasonably necessary after Bank’s review of such updated Perfection Certificate in order for Bank to obtain, perfect and maintain a first priority security interest (subject to Permitted Liens) in all Collateral referenced therein; and (e) Within forty-five (45) days after the Fifth Amendment Effective Date, Bank shall have completed the Initial Audit; provided, however, prior to the completion thereof and review by Bank to its reasonable satisfaction, no Advances under the Revolving Line shall be made by Bank. 9. Representations and Warranties. Borrower hereby represents and warrants to Bank as follows: (a) This Amendment is, and each other Loan Document to which it is or will be a party, when executed and delivered by Borrower, will be the legally valid and binding obligation of Borrower, enforceable against Borrower in accordance with its respective terms, except as enforcement may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws relating to or limiting creditors’ rights generally and equitable principals (whether enforcement is sought by proceedings in equity or at law). (b) Its representations and warranties set forth in this Amendment, the Loan Agreement, as amended by this Amendment and after giving effect hereto, and the other Loan Documents to which it is a party are (i) to the extent qualified by materiality, true and correct in all respects and (ii) to the extent not qualified by materiality, true and correct in all material respects, in each case, on and as of the date hereof, as though made on such date (except to the extent that such representations and warranties relate solely to an earlier date, in which case such representations and warranties shall have been true and correct in all material respects as of such earlier date). (c) The execution and delivery by Borrower of this Amendment, the performance by Borrower of its obligations hereunder and the performance of Borrower under the Loan Agreement, as amended by this Amendment, (i) have been duly authorized by all necessary organizational action on the part of Borrower and (ii) will not (A) violate any provisions of the certificate of incorporation or formation or organization or by-laws or limited liability company agreement or limited partnership agreement of Borrower or (B) constitute a violation by Borrower of any applicable material Requirement of Law.

17 Borrower acknowledges that Bank has acted in good faith and have conducted in a commercially reasonable manner their relationships with Borrower in connection with this Amendment and in connection with the other Loan Documents. Borrower understands and acknowledges that Bank is entering into this Amendment in reliance upon, and in partial consideration for, the above representations, warranties, and acknowledgements, and agrees that such reliance is reasonable and appropriate. 10. Payment of Costs and Expenses Borrower shall pay to Bank a fully-earned, non- refundable amendment fee equal to Sixty Two Thousand Five Hundred Dollars ($62,500), which fee shall be paid on the Fifth Amendment Effective Date. In addition, Borrower shall pay to Bank all reasonable costs and out-of-pocket expenses of every kind in connection with the preparation, negotiation, execution and delivery of this Amendment and any documents and instruments relating hereto or thereto (which costs include, without limitation, the reasonable and documented fees and expenses of any attorneys retained by Bank). 11. Choice of Law. THIS AMENDMENT AND THE RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE PARTIES HEREUNDER SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND SHALL BE CONSTRUED AND ENFORCED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK. Each party hereto submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the State and Federal courts in the Southern District of the State of New York; provided, however, that nothing in the Loan Agreement as amended by this Amendment shall be deemed to operate to preclude Bank from bringing suit or taking other legal action in any other jurisdiction to realize on the Collateral or any other security for the Obligations, or to enforce a judgment or other court order in favor of such Agent. TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, EACH PARTY HERETO WAIVES ITS RIGHT TO A JURY TRIAL OF ANY CLAIM OR CAUSE OF ACTION ARISING OUT OF OR BASED UPON THIS AMENDMENT, THE OTHER LOAN DOCUMENTS OR ANY CONTEMPLATED TRANSACTION, INCLUDING CONTRACT, TORT, BREACH OF DUTY AND ALL OTHER CLAIMS. EACH PARTY HERETO ACKNOWLEDGES THAT THIS WAIVER IS A MATERIAL INDUCEMENT TO ENTER INTO A BUSINESS RELATIONSHIP, THAT EACH HAS ALREADY RELIED ON THIS WAIVER IN ENTERING INTO THIS AMENDMENT, AND THAT EACH WILL CONTINUE TO RELY ON THIS WAIVER IN ITS RELATED FUTURE DEALINGS. EACH PARTY HERETO FURTHER WARRANTS AND REPRESENTS THAT IT HAS REVIEWED THIS WAIVER WITH ITS LEGAL COUNSEL AND THAT IT KNOWINGLY AND VOLUNTARILY WAIVES ITS JURY TRIAL RIGHTS FOLLOWING CONSULTATION WITH LEGAL COUNSEL. 12. Counterpart Execution. This Amendment may be executed in any number of counterparts and by different parties on separate counterparts, each of which, when executed and delivered, shall be deemed to be an original, and all of which, when taken together, shall constitute but one and the same Amendment. Delivery of an executed counterpart of this Amendment by telefacsimile or by e-mail transmission of an Adobe file format document (also known as a PDF file) shall be equally as effective as delivery of an original executed counterpart of this Amendment. Any party delivering an executed counterpart of this Amendment by telefacsimile or by e-mail transmission of an Adobe file format document (also known as a PDF file) also shall deliver an original executed counterpart of this Amendment but the failure to

18 deliver an original executed counterpart shall not affect the validity, enforceability, and binding effect of this Amendment. 13. Effect on Loan Documents. (a) The amendments set forth herein shall be limited precisely as written and shall not be deemed (a) to be a forbearance, waiver, or modification of any other term or condition of the Loan Agreement or of any Loan Documents or to prejudice any right or remedy which Bank may now have or may have in the future under or in connection with the Loan Documents; (b) to be a consent to any future consent or modification, forbearance, or waiver to the Loan Agreement or any other Loan Document, or to any waiver of any of the provisions thereof; or (c) to limit or impair Bank’s right to demand strict performance of all terms and covenants as of any date. Borrower hereby ratifies and reaffirms its obligations under the Loan Agreement and the other Loan Documents to which it is a party and agrees that none of the amendments or modifications to the Loan Agreement set forth in this Amendment shall impair Borrower’s obligations under the Loan Documents or Bank’s rights under the Loan Documents. Borrower hereby further ratifies and reaffirms the validity and enforceability of all of the Liens heretofore granted, pursuant to and in connection with the Loan Agreement or any other Loan Document, to Bank as collateral security for the obligations under the Loan Documents, in accordance with their respective terms, and acknowledges that all of such Liens, and all collateral heretofore pledged as security for such obligations, continues to be and remain collateral for such obligations from and after the date hereof. Borrower acknowledges and agrees that the Loan Agreement and each other Loan Document is still in full force and effect and acknowledges as of the date hereof that Borrower has no defenses to enforcement of the Loan Documents. Borrower waives any and all defenses to enforcement of the Loan Agreement as amended hereby and each other Loan Documents that might otherwise be available as a result of this Amendment of the Loan Agreement. To the extent any terms or provisions of this Amendment conflict with those of the Loan Agreement or other Loan Documents, the terms and provisions of this Amendment shall control. (b) To the extent that any terms and conditions in any of the Loan Documents shall contradict or be in conflict with any terms or conditions of the Loan Agreement, after giving effect to this Amendment, such terms and conditions are hereby deemed modified or amended accordingly to reflect the terms and conditions of the Loan Agreement as modified or amended hereby. (c) This Amendment is a Loan Document. 14. Entire Agreement. This Amendment constitutes the entire agreement between Borrower and Bank pertaining to the subject matter contained herein and supersedes all prior agreements, understandings, offers and negotiations, oral or written, with respect hereto and no extrinsic evidence whatsoever may be introduced in any judicial or arbitration proceeding, if any, involving this Amendment. All of the terms and provisions of this Amendment are hereby incorporated by reference into the Loan Agreement, as applicable, as if such terms and provisions were set forth in full therein, as applicable. All references in the Loan Agreement to “this Agreement”, “hereto”, “hereof”, “hereunder” or words of like import shall mean the Loan Agreement as amended hereby.

19 15. Release. Borrower may have certain Claims against the Released Parties, as those terms are defined below, regarding or relating to the Loan Agreement or the other Loan Documents. Bank and Borrower desire to resolve each and every one of such Claims in conjunction with the execution of this Amendment and thus Borrower makes the releases contained in this Section 10. In consideration of Bank entering into this Amendment, Borrower hereby fully and unconditionally releases and forever discharges Bank and its directors, officers, employees, subsidiaries, branches, affiliates, attorneys, agents, representatives, successors and assigns and all persons, firms, corporations and organizations acting on any of their behalf (collectively, the “Released Parties”), of and from any and all claims, allegations, causes of action, costs or demands and liabilities, of whatever kind or nature, from the beginning of the world to the date on which this Amendment is executed, whether known or unknown, liquidated or unliquidated, fixed or contingent, asserted or unasserted, foreseen or unforeseen, matured or unmatured, suspected or unsuspected, anticipated or unanticipated, which Borrower has, had, claims to have had or hereafter claims to have against the Released Parties by reason of any act or omission on the part of the Released Parties, or any of them, occurring prior to the date on which this Amendment is executed, including all such loss or damage of any kind heretofore sustained or that may arise as a consequence of the dealings among the parties up to and including the date on which this Amendment is executed, including the administration or enforcement of the Loans, the Obligations, the Loan Agreement or any of the Loan Documents (collectively, all of the foregoing, the “Claims”). Borrower represents and warrants that it has no knowledge of any claim by it against the Released Parties or of any facts or acts of omission of the Released Parties which on the date hereof would be the basis of a claim by Borrower against the Released Parties which is not released hereby. Borrower represents and warrants that the foregoing constitutes a full and complete release of all Claims. 16. Severability. The provisions of this Amendment are severable, and if any clause or provision shall be held invalid or unenforceable in whole or in part in any jurisdiction, then such invalidity or unenforceability shall affect only such clause or provision, or part thereof, in such jurisdiction and shall not in any manner affect such clause or provision in any other jurisdiction, or any other clause or provision in this Amendment in any jurisdiction. [SIGNATURE PAGES FOLLOW]

1 EXHIBIT A – COLLATERAL DESCRIPTION The Collateral consists of all of New Borrower’s right, title and interest in and to the following personal property: All goods, Accounts (including health-care receivables), Equipment, Inventory, contract rights or rights to payment of money, leases, license agreements, franchise agreements, General Intangibles, commercial tort claims, documents, instruments (including any promissory notes), chattel paper (whether tangible or electronic), cash, deposit accounts, fixtures, letters of credit rights (whether or not the letter of credit is evidenced by a writing), securities, and all other investment property, supporting obligations, and financial assets, whether now owned or hereafter acquired, wherever located; and All Credit Party’s Books relating to the foregoing, and any and all claims, rights and interests in any of the above and all substitutions for, additions, attachments, accessories, accessions and improvements to and replacements, products, proceeds and insurance proceeds of any or all of the foregoing; provided, however, that notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in the foregoing, the security interests created by this Agreement shall not extend to, and the term “Collateral” (including all of the individual items comprising Collateral) shall not include, any Excluded Collateral.

1 EXHIBIT B TRANSACTION REPORT

Transaction Report Company name Rosetta Report number Report date Gross A/R Balance -$ Unbilled A/R Balance -$ Beg Loan Balance -$ Unrestricted Cash at SVB -$ Today's Loan Advance Request -$ SALES JOURNAL Invoices: Credit Memos: -$ Misc. Adj. - Sales related: -$ Net New Invoices -$ CASH RECEIPTS JOURNAL A/R Collections: Collections applied to Loan: Net Collections Applied to Loan -$ RESERVES / LC Sublimit Misc. if applicable -$ General Input Sheet Confidential | Rev. 01-26-10 svb.com 1893192.1 1958682.1

Rosetta Transaction Report Report No: 0 Date January 0, 1900 ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE COLLATERAL Beginning A/R Balance Per Previous Report -$ Add: Sales for Period -$ Add: Credit Memos -$ Miscellaneous Adjustments Less: Collections for Period (adjustment to number to tie back to AR) -$ Ending Accounts Receivable Balance -$ Deduct: Ineligible Accounts Receivable -$ Total Eligible Accounts Receivable -$ COMPUTATION OF BORROWING AVAILABILITY Gross A/R Advance Rate 80% -$ Unbilled A/R Advance Rate 80% -$ Lower of Calculated Availability or Line limit 25,000,000$ -$ Reserves / LC Sublimit (if applicable): -$ Net Borrowing Availability: Before Loans -$ COMPUTATION OF LOAN Beginning Loan Balance -$ Less: Collections Applied to Loan -$ Misc. Adjustments -$ Ending Loan Balance - Before Loan Request -$ Unused Borrowing Availability Before Loan Request -$ Unrestricted Cash at SVB -$ Liquidity -$ NF Availability -$ Total Availability -$ New Loan Request: The undersigned hereby requests a loan advance in the amount shown adjacent hereto. Please deposit loan proceeds to my: SVB Checking Account Advance = -$ New Loan Balance - After Loan Advance -$ Remaining Unused Borrowing Availability - After Loan Request -$ The above described Collateral is subject to a security interest in favor of SILICON VALLEY BANK pursuant to the terms and conditions of a Loan & Security Agreement's, as executed by and between SILICON VALLEY BANK and the undersigned. Transaction Report and Loan Request Confidential | Rev. 01-26-10 svb.com 1893192.1 1958682.1

INELIGIBLE CALCULATION Rosetta As of: 1/0/1900 Report No: 0 Date 1/0/1900 Ineligibles As of Intercompany / Affiliate / Employee 120 Days Past Invoice Date -$ Credit Balances over 120 Days Balance of 50% over 120 Day Accounts (Cross-Age or Current Affected) Foreign Account Debtor Accounts Foreign Invoiced and/or Collected Accounts Contra / Customer Deposit Accounts Concentration Limits U.S. Government Accounts Promotion or Demo Accounts; Guaranteed Sale or Consignment Sale Accounts Accounts with Memo or Pre-Billings; Contract Accounts; Accounts with Progress / Milestone Billings Accounts for Retainage Billings Trust / Bonded Accounts Bill and Hold Accounts Unbilled Accounts Non-Trade Accounts (If not already deducted above) Accounts with Extended Term Invoices (Net 120+) Chargebacks Accounts / Debit Memos Product Returns/Exchanges Disputed Accounts; Insolvent Account Debtor Accounts Deferred Revenue Other Total Ineligible Accounts: (to BBC) -$ Ineligible Calculation Confidential | Rev. 01-26-10 svb.com 1893192.1 1958682.1

1 EXHIBIT D COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE TO: SILICON VALLEY BANK Date: FROM: ROSETTA STONE LTD. and LEXIA LEARNING SYSTEMS LLC The undersigned authorized officer of Rosetta Stone Ltd. and Lexia Learning Systems LLC (each and together, jointly and severally, “Borrower”) certifies that under the terms and conditions of the Loan and Security Agreement between Borrower and Bank (the “Agreement”): (1) Each Credit party is in complete compliance for the period ending _______________ with all required covenants except as noted below; (2) there are no Events of Default; (3) all representations and warranties in the Agreement are true and correct in all material respects on this date except as noted below; provided, however, that such materiality qualifier shall not be applicable to any representations and warranties that already are qualified or modified by materiality in the text thereof; and provided, further that those representations and warranties expressly referring to a specific date shall be true, accurate and complete in all material respects as of such date; (4) each Credit Party and each of its Subsidiaries, has timely filed all required tax returns and reports, and each Credit Party and each of its Subsidiaries has timely paid all foreign, federal, state and local taxes, assessments, deposits and contributions owed by such Credit Party or Subsidiary except as otherwise permitted pursuant to the terms of Section 5.8 of the Agreement; and (5) no Liens have been levied or claims made against any Credit Party or any of its Subsidiaries relating to unpaid employee payroll or benefits of which Borrower has not previously provided written notification to Bank. Attached are the required documents supporting the certification. The undersigned certifies that these are prepared in accordance with GAAP consistently applied from one period to the next except as explained in an accompanying letter or footnotes. The undersigned acknowledges that no borrowings may be requested at any time or date of determination that Borrower is not in compliance with any of the terms of the Agreement, and that compliance is determined not just at the date this certificate is delivered. Capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings given them in the Agreement. Please indicate compliance status by circling Yes/No under “Complies” column. Reporting Covenants Required Complies Monthly or Quarterly financial statements with Compliance Certificate Monthly within 30 days when there are Advances outstanding; quarterly within 45 days when there are no Advances outstanding Yes No Annual financial statement (CPA Audited) with Compliance Certificate FYE within 90 days Yes No 10-Q, 10-K and 8-K Within 5 days after filing with SEC Yes No Projections FYE within 90 days Yes No A/R Agings & A/P Report Bi-weekly when a Streamline Period is not in effect and there are Advances outstanding; monthly within 30 days when a Streamline Period is in effect and there are Advances outstanding; quarterly within 45 days when there are no Advances outstanding Yes No Transaction Reports Bi-weekly when a Streamline Period is not in effect and there are Advances outstanding; monthly within 30 days when a Streamline Period is in effect and there are Advances outstanding; quarterly within 45 days when there are no Advances outstanding; and with Yes No

2 each request for an Advance The following Intellectual Property was registered (or a registration application submitted) after the Effective Date (if registrations, state “None”) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Financial Covenants Required Actual Complies Achieve on a Quarterly Basis: Minimum Liquidity $12,500,000 $ Yes No Minimum EBITDA * $ Yes No *See Section 6.8(b) Streamline Period Applies Liquidity > $17,500,000 Yes No Non-Formula Period Applies Liquidity > $25,000,000 Yes No The following financial covenant analyses and information set forth in Schedule 1 attached hereto are true and accurate as of the date of this Certificate. Other Matters Have there been any amendments of or other changes to the capitalization table of the Credit Parties and to the Operating Documents of any Credit Party or any of its Subsidiaries since the date of the most recently delivered Compliance Certificate? If yes, provide copies of any such amendments or changes with this Compliance Certificate to the extent not previously delivered to Bank. Yes No The following are the exceptions with respect to the certification above: (If no exceptions exist, state “No exceptions to note.”) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ROSETTA STONE LTD. LEXIA LEARNING SYSTEMS LLC By: Name: Title: BANK USE ONLY Received by: _____________________ AUTHORIZED SIGNER Date: _________________________ Verified: ________________________ AUTHORIZED SIGNER Date: _________________________ Compliance Status: Yes No

1 Schedule 1 to Compliance Certificate Financial Covenants of Borrower In the event of a conflict between this Schedule and the Loan Agreement, the terms of the Loan Agreement shall govern. Dated: ____________________ I. Liquidity (Section 6.8(a)) Required: $12,500,000 Actual: A. Aggregate value of the unrestricted cash maintained in Deposit Accounts or Securities Accounts at Bank or its Affiliates $ B. Availability Amount (excluding the Non-Formula Amount from the Borrowing Base) $ C. Liquidity (line A plus line B) $ Is line C equal to or greater than $12,500,000? No, not in compliance Yes, in compliance

2 II. ADJUSTED EBITDA (Section 6.8(b)) Required: Period Adjusted EBITDA Three (3) month period ending March 31, 2016 ($17,500,000) Six (6) month period ending June 30, 2016 ($24,500,000) Nine (9) month period ending September 30, 2016 ($14,000,000) Twelve (12) month period ending December 31, 2016 ($9,000,000) Twelve (12) month period ending March 31, 2017, and quarterly for each twelve (12) month period thereafter ($7,500,000) Actual (for the cumulative period referenced): A. Net Income $ B. To the extent included in the determination of Net Income 1. Interest Expense $ 2. Income tax benefit and expense $ 3. Depreciation expense $ 4. Amortization expense $ 5. Stock-based compensation expense $ 6. other non-operating expense (less other income) (as such amount is shown on the “Other income and (expense)”" line item below the operating income line in the Ultimate Parent's relevant income statement, determined in accordance with GAAP) $ 7. Goodwill impairment $ 8. Change in Deferred Revenue $ 9. Change in deferred commissions $ 10. items related to the litigation with Google Inc.

3 11. restructuring and related wind down costs, consulting and other related costs associated with development and implementation of Borrower’s revised business strategy, severance costs and transaction and other costs associated with mergers and acquisitions (not to exceed an aggregate amount, when added to the adjustments listed in line 12, of $8,500,000 for the twelve (12) month period following the Fifth Amendment Effective Date) $ 12. adjustments related to recording the non-cash tax valuation allowance for deferred tax assets (not to exceed an aggregate amount, when added to the costs listed in line 11, of $8,500,000 for the twelve (12) month period following the Fifth Amendment Effective Date) $ 13. Total Line B: The sum of lines 1 through 8 minus lines 9 through 12 $ C. ADJUSTED EBITDA (line A plus line B) $ Is line C at least (loss not worse than) $______________? No, not in compliance Yes, in compliance

4 EXHIBIT E FINANCIAL COVENANTS Achieve on a consolidated basis with respect to Ultimate Parent and its Subsidiaries: (a) Liquidity. Maintain at all times, to be certified to Bank as of the last day of each month, Liquidity equal to or greater than Twelve Million Five Hundred Thousand Dollars ($12,500,000). (b) Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA, measured on a cumulative basis as of the end of each fiscal quarter during the periods specified below, of at least (loss not worse than) the following: Period Adjusted EBITDA Three (3) month period ending March 31, 2016 ($17,500,000) Six (6) month period ending June 30, 2016 ($24,500,000) Nine (9) month period ending September 30, 2016 ($14,000,000) Twelve (12) month period ending December 31, 2016 ($9,000,000) Twelve (12) month period ending March 31, 2017, and quarterly for each trailing twelve (12) month period thereafter ($7,500,000) 1954360.5

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATIONS

I, A. John Hass, certify that:

1.    I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ending March 31, 2016 of Rosetta Stone Inc. (the "Registrant");

2.    Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.    Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.    The Registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Registrant and have:

a.    Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.    Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.    Evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.    Disclosed in this report any change in the Registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the Registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.    The Registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the Registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a.    All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.    Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 4, 2016

By:	/s/ A. JOHN HASS
	A. John Hass President, Chief Executive Officer, and Chairman of the Board

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATIONS

I, Thomas M. Pierno, certify that:

1.    I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ending March 31, 2016 of Rosetta Stone Inc. (the "Registrant");

2.    Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.    Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.    The Registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Registrant and have:

a.    Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.    Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.    Evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.    Disclosed in this report any change in the Registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the Registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.    The Registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the Registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a.    All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.    Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 4, 2016

By:	/s/ THOMAS M. PIERNO
	Thomas M. Pierno Chief Financial Officer

EX-32

Exhibit 32

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Rosetta Stone Inc. (the "Company") for the quarter ended March 31, 2016 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), each of the undersigned officers of the Company certifies pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to his respective knowledge:

1.    the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2.    the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ A. JOHN HASS

A. John Hass

President, Chief Executive Officer,

and Chairman of the Board

/s/ THOMAS M. PIERNO

Thomas M. Pierno

Chief Financial Officer

Date: May 4, 2016

XML

DOCUMENT AND ENTITY INFORMATION - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Apr. 29, 2016
Document and Entity Information
Entity Registrant Name	ROSETTA STONE INC
Entity Central Index Key	0001351285
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2016
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		21,919,136
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2016
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1

XML

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 42,995	$ 47,782
Restricted cash	39	80
Accounts receivable (net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,241 and $1,196, at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively)	29,803	47,327
Inventory, net	7,229	7,333
Deferred sales commissions	12,368	13,526
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	5,004	3,612
Total current assets	97,438	119,660
Deferred sales commissions	5,023	5,614
Property and equipment, net	23,269	22,532
Goodwill	50,843	50,280
Intangible assets, net	27,168	28,244
Other assets	2,130	2,213
Total assets	205,871	228,543
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	11,364	10,778
Accrued compensation	10,575	8,201
Income tax payable	464	121
Obligations under capital lease	546	521
Other current liabilities	27,400	35,318
Deferred revenue	99,279	106,868
Total current liabilities	149,628	161,807
Deferred revenue	32,978	35,880
Deferred income taxes	5,178	4,998
Obligations under capital lease	2,483	2,622
Other long-term liabilities	728	826
Total liabilities	$ 190,995	$ 206,133
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15)
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 10,000 and 10,000 shares authorized, zero and zero shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively	$ 0	$ 0
Non-designated common stock, $0.00005 par value, 190,000 and 190,000 shares authorized, 23,309 and 23,150 shares issued and 22,309 and 22,150 shares outstanding at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively	2	2
Additional paid-in capital	186,313	185,863
Accumulated loss	(157,301)	(149,794)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(2,703)	(2,226)
Treasury stock, at cost, 1,000 and 1,000 shares at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively	(11,435)	(11,435)
Total stockholders' equity	14,876	22,410
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 205,871	$ 228,543

XML

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Accounts receivable, allowance for doubtful accounts (in dollars)	$ 1,241	$ 1,196
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	10,000,000	10,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Non-designated common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.00005	$ 0.00005
Non-designated common stock, shares authorized	190,000,000	190,000,000
Non-designated common stock, shares issued	23,308,635	23,150,000
Non-designated common stock, shares outstanding	22,308,635	22,150,000
Treasury Stock, issued not outstanding (in shares)	1,000,000	1,000,000

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Revenue:
Product	$ 10,031,000	$ 19,974,000
Subscription and service	37,971,000	38,468,000
Total revenue	48,002,000	58,442,000
Cost of revenue:
Cost of product revenue	2,645,000	5,637,000
Cost of subscription and service revenue	5,403,000	5,665,000
Total cost of revenue	8,048,000	11,302,000
Gross profit	39,954,000	47,140,000
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing	30,793,000	40,150,000
Research and development	6,571,000	8,972,000
General and administrative	10,777,000	15,754,000
Impairment	0	291,000
Total operating expenses	48,141,000	65,167,000
Loss from operations	(8,187,000)	(18,027,000)
Other income and (expense):
Interest income	13,000	4,000
Interest expense	(112,000)	(88,000)
Other income and (expense)	1,228,000	(1,581,000)
Total other income and (expense)	1,129,000	(1,665,000)
Loss before income taxes	(7,058,000)	(19,692,000)
Income tax expense	449,000	192,000
Net loss	$ (7,507,000)	$ (19,884,000)
Loss per share:
Basic (usd per share)	$ (0.34)	$ (0.95)
Diluted (usd per share)	$ (0.34)	$ (0.95)
Common shares and equivalents outstanding:
Basic weighted average shares	21,867	21,018
Diluted weighted average shares	21,867	21,018

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS (unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (7,507)	$ (19,884)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Foreign currency translation loss	(477)	(1,147)
Other comprehensive loss	(477)	(1,147)
Comprehensive loss	$ (7,984)	$ (21,031)

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net loss	$ (7,507,000)	$ (19,884,000)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash used in operating activities:
Stock-based compensation expense	421,000	1,287,000
(Gain) loss on foreign currency transactions	(1,525,000)	1,372,000
Bad debt expense	191,000	410,000
Depreciation and amortization	3,408,000	3,350,000
Deferred income tax expense	172,000	295,000
Gain on disposal of equipment	0	(1,000)
Amortization of deferred financing fees	62,000	32,000
Loss on impairment	0	291,000
Loss from equity method investments	27,000	0
Net change in:
Restricted cash	41,000	17,000
Accounts receivable	17,555,000	24,546,000
Inventory	116,000	(1,957,000)
Deferred sales commissions	1,783,000	59,000
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(1,331,000)	(1,322,000)
Income tax receivable	337,000	(444,000)
Other assets	88,000	(314,000)
Accounts payable	569,000	(4,401,000)
Accrued compensation	2,310,000	(1,146,000)
Other current liabilities	(8,189,000)	(9,041,000)
Other long-term liabilities	(99,000)	(225,000)
Deferred revenue	(10,975,000)	(6,231,000)
Net cash used in operating activities	(2,546,000)	(13,307,000)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of property and equipment	(2,586,000)	(2,382,000)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	0	(1,688,000)
Net cash used in investing activities	(2,586,000)	(4,070,000)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options	29,000	37,000
Payment of financing fees	(100,000)	(27,000)
Payments under capital lease obligations	(244,000)	(282,000)
Net cash used in financing activities	(315,000)	(272,000)
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(5,447,000)	(17,649,000)
Effect of exchange rate changes in cash and cash equivalents	660,000	(1,084,000)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(4,787,000)	(18,733,000)
Cash and cash equivalents—beginning of period	47,782,000	64,657,000
Cash and cash equivalents—end of period	42,995,000	45,924,000
Cash paid (received) during the periods for:
Interest	50,000	57,000
Income taxes, net of refunds	(61,000)	463,000
Noncash financing and investing activities:
Accrued liability for purchase of property and equipment	357,000	732,000
Equipment acquired under capital lease	$ 27,000	$ 0

XML

NATURE OF OPERATIONS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

NATURE OF OPERATIONS

NATURE OF OPERATIONS

Rosetta Stone Inc. and its subsidiaries ("Rosetta Stone," or the "Company") develop, market and support a suite of language-learning, literacy and brain fitness solutions consisting of perpetual software products, web-based software subscriptions, online and professional services, audio practice tools and mobile applications. The Company's offerings are sold on a direct basis and through select third party retailers and distributors. The Company provides its solutions to customers through the sale of packaged software and web-based software subscriptions, domestically and in certain international markets.

On March 14, 2016, the Company announced that it intends to exit the direct sales presence in almost all of its non-U.S. and non-northern European geographies related to the distribution of the Enterprise & Education Language offerings (the "2016 Restructuring Plan"). Where appropriate, the Company seeks to operate through partners in the geographies being exited. The Company also looks to initiate processes to close the software development operations in France and China. These actions are additive to the plan announced on March 11, 2015 (the "2015 Restructuring Plan") to accelerate and prioritize its focus on satisfying the needs of more passionate Corporate and K-12 learners, and emphasizing those who need to speak and read English. See Note 2 "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies," Note 13 "Restructuring," Note 16 "Segment Information" and Item 2 "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" within Part 1 for additional information about these strategic undertakings and the associated impact to the Company's financial statements and financial results.

XML

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Rosetta Stone and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. 

The equity method is used to account for investments in entities if the investment provides the Company with the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies of the investee. The Company determines its level of influence over an equity method investment by considering key factors such as ownership interest, representation on the investee's governing body, participation in policy-making decisions, and technological dependencies. The Company's proportionate share of the net income or loss of any equity method investments is reported in "Other income and (expense)" and included in the net loss on the consolidated statement of operations. The carrying value of any equity method investment is reported in "Other assets" on the consolidated balance sheets.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are unaudited. These unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") regarding interim financial reporting. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. Accordingly, these interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contained in the Company’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 14, 2016. The March 31, 2016 consolidated balance sheet included herein includes account balances as of December 31, 2015 that were derived from the audited financial statements as of that date. The Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements do not include all disclosures required for annual financial statements and notes.

The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s statement of financial position at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company’s results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 and its cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 have been made. The results for the three months ended March 31, 2016 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2016. All references to March 31, 2016 or to the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 in the notes to the consolidated financial statements are unaudited.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions. The amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements include significant estimates and assumptions that have been made, including, but not limited to, those related to revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful accounts, estimated sales returns and reserves, stock-based compensation, restructuring costs, fair value of intangibles and goodwill, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent litigation, and allowance for valuation of deferred tax assets. The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on historical experience and on various other judgments that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The Company continuously evaluates its estimates and assumptions. Actual results may differ from these estimates and assumptions.

Revenue Recognition

The Company's primary sources of revenue are web-based software subscriptions, online services, perpetual product software, and bundles of perpetual product software and online services. The Company also generates revenue from the sale of audio practice products, mobile applications, and professional services. Revenue is recognized when all of the following criteria are met: there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement; the product has been delivered or services have been rendered; the fee is fixed or determinable; and collectability is reasonably assured. Revenue is recorded net of discounts.

The Company identifies the units of accounting contained within sales arrangements in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") subtopic 605-25, Revenue Recognition - Multiple Element Arrangements ("ASC 605-25"). In doing so, the Company evaluates a variety of factors including whether the undelivered element(s) have value to the customer on a stand-alone basis or if the undelivered element(s) could be sold by another vendor on a stand-alone basis.

For multiple element arrangements that contain perpetual software products and related online services, the Company allocates the total arrangement consideration to its deliverables based on the existence of vendor-specific objective evidence of fair value, or vendor-specific objective evidence ("VSOE"), in accordance with ASC subtopic 985-605-25, Software: Revenue Recognition-Multiple-Element Arrangements ("ASC 985-605-25"). The Company generates a substantial portion of its Consumer revenue from the CD and digital download formats of the Rosetta Stone language-learning product which is typically a multiple-element arrangement that includes two deliverables: the perpetual software, delivered at the time of sale, and the online service, which is considered an undelivered software-related element. The online service includes access to conversational coaching services. Because the Company only sells the perpetual language-learning software on a stand-alone basis in its homeschool version, the Company does not have a sufficient concentration of stand-alone sales to establish VSOE for the perpetual product. Where VSOE of the undelivered online services can be established, arrangement consideration is allocated using the residual method. The Company determines VSOE by reference to the range of comparable stand-alone renewal sales of the online service. The Company reviews these stand-alone sales on a quarterly basis. VSOE is established if at least 80% of the stand-alone sales are within a range of plus or minus 15% of a midpoint of the range of prices, consistent with generally accepted industry practice. Where VSOE of the undelivered online services cannot be established, revenue is deferred and recognized commensurate with the delivery of the online services.

For non-software multiple element arrangements the Company allocates revenue to all deliverables based on their relative selling prices. The Company's non-software multiple element arrangements primarily occur as sales to its Enterprise & Education Language and Literacy customers. These arrangements can include web-based subscription services, audio practice materials and professional services or any combination thereof. The Company does not have a sufficient concentration of stand-alone sales of the various deliverables noted above to its Enterprise & Education Language and Literacy customers, and therefore cannot establish VSOE for each deliverable. Third party evidence of fair value does not exist for the web-based subscription, audio practice and professional services due to the lack of interchangeable language-learning products and services within the market. Accordingly, the Company determines the relative selling price of the web-based subscription, audio practice tools and professional services deliverables included in its non-software multiple-element arrangements using the best estimated selling price. The Company determines the best estimated selling price based on its internally published price list which includes suggested sales prices for each deliverable based on the type of client and volume purchased. This price list is derived from past experience and from the expectation of obtaining a reasonable margin based on what each deliverable costs the Company.

In the U.S. and Canada, the Company offers consumers who purchase packaged software and audio practice products directly from the Company a 30-day, unconditional, full money-back refund. The Company also permits some of our retailers and distributors to return unsold packaged products, subject to certain limitations. In accordance with ASC subtopic 985-605, Software: Revenue Recognition ("ASC 985-605"), the Company estimates and establishes revenue reserves for packaged product returns at the time of sale based on historical return rates, estimated channel inventory levels, the timing of new product introductions and other factors.

The Company distributes its products and services both directly to the end customer and indirectly through resellers. Resellers earn commissions generally calculated as a fixed percentage of the gross sale to the end customer. The Company evaluates each of its reseller relationships in accordance with ASC subtopic 605-45, Revenue Recognition - Principal Agent Considerations (“ASC 605-45”) to determine whether the revenue recognized from indirect sales should be the gross amount of the contract with the end customer or reduced for the reseller commission. In making this determination the Company evaluates a variety of factors including whether it is the primary obligor to the end customer. Revenue is recorded net of taxes.

Revenue for online services and web-based subscriptions is recognized ratably over the term of the service or subscription period, assuming all revenue recognition criteria have been met. The CD and digital download formats of Rosetta Stone language-learning products are bundled with an online service where customers are allowed to begin their short-term online services at any point during a registration window, which is up to six months from the date of purchase from us or an authorized reseller. The online services that are not activated during this registration window are forfeited and revenue is recognized upon expiry. Revenue from non-refundable upfront fees that are not related to products already delivered or services already performed is deferred and recognized over the term of the related arrangement because the period over which a customer is expected to benefit from the service that is included within our subscription arrangements does not extend beyond the contractual period. Accounts receivable and deferred revenue are recorded at the time a customer enters into a binding subscription agreement.

Software products include sales to end user customers and resellers. In many cases, revenue from sales to resellers is not contingent upon resale of the software to the end user and is recorded in the same manner as all other product sales. Revenue from sales of packaged software products and audio practice products is recognized as the products are shipped and title passes and risks of loss have been transferred. For many product sales, these criteria are met at the time the product is shipped. For some sales to resellers and certain other sales, the Company defers revenue until the customer receives the product because the Company legally retains a portion of the risk of loss on these sales during transit. In other cases where packaged software products are sold to resellers on a consignment basis, revenue is recognized for these consignment transactions once the end user sale has occurred, assuming the remaining revenue recognition criteria have been met. In accordance with ASC subtopic 605-50, Revenue Recognition: Customer Payments and Incentives (“ASC 605-50”), cash sales incentives to resellers are accounted for as a reduction of revenue, unless a specific identified benefit is identified and the fair value is reasonably determinable. Price protection for changes in the manufacturer suggested retail value granted to resellers for the inventory that they have on hand at the date the price protection is offered is recorded as a reduction to revenue at the time of sale.

The Company offers customers the ability to make payments for packaged software purchases in installments over a period of time, which typically ranges between three and five months. Given that these installment payment plans are for periods less than 12 months, a successful collection history has been established and these fees are fixed and determinable, revenue is recognized at the time of sale, assuming the remaining revenue recognition criteria have been met.

In connection with packaged software product sales and web-based software subscriptions, technical support is provided to customers, including customers of resellers, via telephone support at no additional cost for up to six months from the time of purchase. As the fee for technical support is included in the initial licensing fee, the technical support and services are generally provided within one year, the estimated cost of providing such support is deemed insignificant and no unspecified upgrades/enhancements are offered, technical support revenue is recognized together with the software product and web-based software subscription revenue. Costs associated with the technical support are accrued at the time of sale.

Sales commissions from non-cancellable web-based software subscription contracts are deferred and amortized in proportion to the revenue recognized from the related contract.

Restructuring Costs

As part of the 2016 Restructuring Plan and the 2015 Restructuring Plan, the Company announced and initiated actions to reduce headcount and other costs in order to support its strategic shift in business focus. In connection with these plans, the Company incurred restructuring related costs, including employee severance and related benefit costs, contract termination costs, and other related costs. These costs are included in our operating expense line items on the Statement of Operations.

Employee severance and related benefit costs primarily include cash payments, outplacement services, continuing health insurance coverage, and other benefits. Where no substantive involuntary termination plan previously exists, these severance costs are generally considered “one-time” benefits and recognized at fair value in the period in which a detailed plan has been approved by management and communicated to the terminated employees. Severance costs pursuant to ongoing benefit arrangements, including termination benefits provided for in existing employment contracts, are recognized when probable and reasonably estimable.

Contract termination costs include penalties to cancel certain service and license contracts. Contract termination costs are recognized at fair value in the period in which the contract is terminated in accordance with the contract terms.

Other related costs generally include external consulting and legal costs associated with the strategic shift in business focus of the Company’s Consumer business. Such costs are recognized at fair value in the period in which the costs are incurred.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC topic 740, Income Taxes ("ASC 740"), which provides for an asset and liability approach to accounting for income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities represent the future tax consequences of the differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities versus the tax basis of assets and liabilities. Under this method, deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences, and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The impact of tax rate changes on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in the year that the change is enacted.

Deferred Tax Valuation Allowance

The Company has recorded a valuation allowance offsetting certain of its deferred tax assets as of March 31, 2016. When measuring the need for a valuation allowance on a jurisdiction by jurisdiction basis, the Company assesses both positive and negative evidence regarding whether these deferred tax assets are realizable. In determining deferred tax assets and valuation allowances, the Company is required to make judgments and estimates related to projections of profitability, the timing and extent of the utilization of temporary differences, net operating loss carryforwards, tax credits, applicable tax rates, transfer pricing methodologies and tax planning strategies. The valuation allowance is reviewed quarterly and is maintained until sufficient positive evidence exists to support a reversal. Because evidence such as the Company’s operating results during the most recent three-year period is afforded more weight than forecasted results for future periods, the Company’s cumulative loss in certain jurisdictions represents significant negative evidence in the determination of whether deferred tax assets are more likely than not to be utilized in certain jurisdictions. This determination resulted in the need for a valuation allowance on the deferred tax assets of certain jurisdictions. The Company will release this valuation allowance when it is determined that it is more likely than not that its deferred tax assets will be realized. Any future release of valuation allowance may be recorded as a tax benefit increasing net income.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company values its assets and liabilities using the methods of fair value as described in ASC topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, ("ASC 820"). ASC 820 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The three levels of fair value hierarchy are described below:

Level 1: Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

Level 2: Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.

Level 3: Significant inputs to the valuation model are unobservable.

The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and other accrued expenses approximate fair value due to relatively short periods to maturity.

Divestitures

The Company deconsolidates divested subsidiaries when there is a loss of control or when appropriate when evaluated under the variable interest entity model. The Company recognizes a gain or loss at divestiture equal to the difference between the fair value of any consideration received and the carrying amount of the former subsidiary’s assets and liabilities. Any resulting gain or loss is reported in "Other income and (expense)" on the consolidated statement of operations.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for its stock-based compensation in accordance ASC topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation ("ASC 718"). Under ASC 718, all stock-based awards, including employee stock option grants, are recorded at fair value as of the grant date and recognized as expense in the statement of operations on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period. The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.

The Company estimates the expected term of options using a combination of peer company information and the simplified method for estimating the expected term. The Company uses its own historical stock price data to estimate its forfeiture rate and expected volatility over the most recent period commensurate with the estimated expected term of the awards. For the risk-free interest rate, the Company uses a U.S. Treasury Bond rate consistent with the estimated expected term of the option award.

The Company’s restricted stock and restricted stock unit grants are accounted for as equity awards. The grant date fair value is based on the market price of the Company’s common stock at the date of grant.

Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions

The functional currency of the Company's foreign subsidiaries is their local currency. Accordingly, assets and liabilities of the foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect on the balance sheet date. Income and expense items are translated at average rates for the period. Translation adjustments are recorded as a component of other comprehensive loss in stockholders' equity.

Cash flows of consolidated foreign subsidiaries, whose functional currency is their local currency, are translated to U.S. dollars using average exchange rates for the period. The Company reports the effect of exchange rate changes on cash balances held in foreign currencies as a separate item in the reconciliation of the changes in cash and cash equivalents during the period.

The following table presents the effect of exchange rate changes on total comprehensive loss (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended   March 31,
	2016			2015
Net loss	$	(7,507	)	$	(19,884	)
Foreign currency translation loss	(477		)	(1,147		)
Comprehensive loss	$	(7,984	)	$	(21,031	)

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive loss consists of net loss and other comprehensive loss. Other comprehensive loss refers to revenues, expenses, gains, and losses that are not included in net loss, but rather are recorded directly in stockholders' equity. For the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company's comprehensive loss consisted of net loss and foreign currency translation losses. The other comprehensive loss presented in the consolidated financial statements and the notes are presented net of tax. There has been no tax expense or benefit associated with the components of other comprehensive loss due to the presence of a full valuation allowance for each of the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015.

Advertising Costs

Costs for advertising are expensed as incurred. Advertising expense for the three months ended March 31, 2016 was $9.6 million and for the three months ended March 31, 2015 was $13.4 million.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718) Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting ("ASU 2016-09"). Under ASU 2016-09, accounting for share-based payment award transactions was simplified related to the accounting for (a) income tax effects; (b) minimum statutory tax withholding requirements; (c) and forfeitures. ASU 2016-09 is effective for public entities in annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is in the process of evaluating the adoption date and impact of the new guidance on the Company's consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) ("ASU 2016-02"). Under ASU 2016-02, entities will be required to recognize a lease liability and a right-of-use asset for all leases. Lessor accounting is largely unchanged. ASU 2016-02 is effective for public entities in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of the new guidance on the Company's consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments-Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities ("ASU 2016-01"). ASU 2016-01 changes how entities measure certain equity investments and present changes in the fair value of financial liabilities measured under the fair value option that are attributable to their own credit. Under the new guidance, entities will be required to measure equity investments that do not result in consolidation and are not accounted for under the equity method at fair value and recognize any changes in fair value in net income unless the investments qualify for the new practicability exception. The accounting for other financial instruments, such as loans and investments in debt securities is largely unchanged. ASU 2016-01 is effective for public entities in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company does not believe that the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements - Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40) ("ASU 2014-15"). ASU 2014-15 addresses management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures. Management’s evaluation should be based on relevant conditions and events that are known and reasonably knowable at the date that the financial statements are issued. ASU 2014-15 will be effective for the first interim period within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect to early adopt this guidance and does not believe that the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on the Company's financial statements and disclosures.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which replaces the current revenue accounting guidance. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date which defers the effective date of the updated guidance on revenue recognition by one year. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net), which clarifies and improves the operability and understandability of the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations. In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, which clarifies and improves the operability and understandability of the implementation guidance on identifying performance obligations and licensing. Collectively these ASUs comprise the new revenue standard ("New Revenue Standard"). The core principle of the New Revenue Standard is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To achieve that core principle, an entity should apply a five step model to 1) identify the contract(s) with a customer, 2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, 3) determine the transaction price, 4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract and 5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The New Revenue Standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 31, 2017. Entities may choose from two adoption methods, with certain practical expedients. The Company expects that it will adopt the New Revenue Standard beginning in the first quarter of 2018 and is currently evaluating the appropriate transition method and any impact of the New Revenue Standard on the Company's consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

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DIVESTITURES

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Business Combinations [Abstract]

DIVESTITURES

DIVESTITURES

As part of the shift in strategy initiated in early 2015, the Company determined that its ownership of the consumer-oriented Rosetta Stone Korea Ltd. ("RSK") entity no longer agreed with the Company’s overall strategy to focus on the Enterprise & Education Language and Literacy businesses. In September 2015, the Company completed the divestiture of 100% of the Company's capital stock of RSK to the then-current President of RSK for consideration equal to the assumption of RSK's net liabilities at the date of sale.

As part of the transaction, the Company has agreed to continue to provide to RSK certain of its online product offerings for resale and distribution and RSK is committed to purchase those products, for an initial term ending December 31, 2025. In addition, the Company has loaned RSK $0.5 million as of October 2, 2015, which will be repaid in five equal installments due every six months beginning December 31, 2016. As a result of this loan receivable and the level of financial support it represents, the Company concluded that it holds a variable interest in RSK whereby the Company is not the primary beneficiary.  The maximum exposure to loss as a result of this involvement in the variable interest entity is limited to the $0.5 million amount of the loan.

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NET LOSS PER SHARE

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

NET LOSS PER SHARE

NET LOSS PER SHARE

 Net loss per share is computed under the provisions of ASC topic 260, Earnings Per Share. Basic loss per share is computed using net loss and the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding. Diluted earnings per share reflect the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding plus any potentially dilutive shares outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive shares consist of shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and conversion of shares of preferred stock. Common stock equivalent shares are excluded from the diluted computation if their effect is anti-dilutive.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per common share (in thousands, except per share amounts):

	Three Months Ended   March 31,
	2016			2015
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(7,507	)	$	(19,884	)
Denominator:
Weighted average number of common shares:
Basic	21,867			21,018
Diluted	21,867			21,018
Loss per common share:
Basic	$	(0.34	)	$	(0.95	)
Diluted	$	(0.34	)	$	(0.95	)

For the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, no common stock equivalent shares were included in the calculation of the Company’s diluted net income per share.

The following is a summary of common stock equivalents for the securities outstanding during the respective periods that have been excluded from the earnings per share calculations as their impact was anti-dilutive (in thousands).

	Three Months Ended   March 31,
	2016	2015
Stock options	25	58
Restricted stock units	162	119
Restricted stocks	63	69
Total common stock equivalent shares	250	246

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INVENTORY

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

INVENTORY

INVENTORY

Inventory consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Raw materials	$	3,190	$	3,375
Finished goods	4,039		3,958
Total inventory	$	7,229	$	7,333

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GOODWILL

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

GOODWILL

GOODWILL

Rosetta Stone Ltd. (formerly known as Fairfield & Sons, Ltd.) in January 2006, the acquisition of certain assets of SGLC International Co. Ltd ("SGLC") in November 2009, the acquisition of Livemocha, Inc. ("Livemocha") in April 2013, the acquisition of Lexia Learning Systems, Inc. ("Lexia") in August 2013, and the acquisitions of Vivity Labs, Inc. ("Vivity") and Tell Me More S.A. ("Tell Me More") in January 2014.

The Company tests goodwill for impairment annually on June 30 of each year at the reporting unit level using a fair value approach, in accordance with the provisions of ASC topic 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and other ("ASC 350"), or more frequently, if impairment indicators arise.

The following table shows the balance and changes in goodwill for the Company's operating segments for the three months ended March 31, 2016 (in thousands):

	Enterprise & Education Language		Literacy		Consumer		Total
Balance as of December 31, 2015	$	38,700	$	9,962	$	1,618	$	50,280
Effect of change in foreign currency rate	456		—		107		563
Balance as of March 31, 2016	$	39,156	$	9,962	$	1,725	$	50,843

The Company also routinely reviews goodwill at the reporting unit level for potential impairment as part of the Company’s internal control framework. The Company's reporting units were evaluated to determine if a triggering event has occurred. As of March 31, 2016, the Company concluded that there are no indicators of impairment that would cause it to believe that it is more likely than not that the fair value of it's reporting units is less than the carrying value. Accordingly, a detailed impairment test has not been performed and no goodwill impairment charges were recorded in connection with the interim impairment review.

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INTANGIBLE ASSETS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Intangible Assets, Net (Excluding Goodwill) [Abstract]

INTANGIBLE ASSETS

INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Intangible assets consisted of the following items as of the dates indicated (in thousands):

	March 31, 2016							December 31, 2015
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount
Tradename/trademark *	$	12,471	$	(1,358	)	$	11,113	$	12,442	$	(1,271	)	$	11,171
Core technology	15,397		(8,505		)	6,892		15,149		(7,817		)	7,332
Customer relationships	26,422		(17,348		)	9,074		26,245		(16,603		)	9,642
Website	12		(12		)	—		12		(12		)	—
Patents	300		(211		)	89		300		(201		)	99
Total	$	54,602	$	(27,434	)	$	27,168	$	54,148	$	(25,904	)	$	28,244

* Included in the tradename/trademark line above is the Rosetta Stone tradename, which is the Company's only indefinite-lived intangible asset. As of March 31, 2016, the carrying value of the tradename asset was $10.6 million.

Amortization Expense for the Long-lived Intangible Assets

The following table presents amortization of intangible assets included in the related financial statement line items during the respective periods (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended   March 31,
	2016		2015
Included in cost of revenue:
Cost of product revenue	$	48	$	79
Cost of subscription and service revenue	98		67
Total included in cost of revenue	146		146
Included in operating expenses:
Sales and marketing	715		725
Research and development	442		456
General and administrative	—		—
Total included in operating expenses	1,157		1,181
Total	$	1,303	$	1,327

The following table summarizes the estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets for the remaining nine months of 2016 and years thereafter (in thousands):

	As of March 31, 2016
2016 - remaining	$	3,423
2017	4,245
2018	3,651
2019	1,532
2020	1,282
Thereafter	2,428
Total	$	16,561

Impairment Reviews of Intangible Assets

The Company also routinely reviews indefinite-lived intangible assets and long-lived assets for potential impairment as part of the Company’s internal control framework. As an indefinite-lived intangible asset, the Rosetta Stone tradename was evaluated as of March 31, 2016 to determine if indicators of impairment exist. The Company concluded that there were no potential indicators of impairment related to this indefinite-lived intangible asset. Additionally all long-lived intangible assets were evaluated to determine if indicators of impairment exist and the Company concluded that there are no potential indicators of impairment.

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OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]

OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

The following table summarizes other current liabilities (in thousands):

	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Accrued marketing expenses	$	16,211	$	20,022
Accrued professional and consulting fees	1,918		1,746
Sales return reserve	2,104		3,728
Sales, withholding and property taxes payable	3,702		3,879
Other	3,465		5,943
Total other current liabilities	$	27,400	$	35,318

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FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Leases [Abstract]

FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS

FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS

Revolving Line of Credit

On October 28, 2014, Rosetta Stone Ltd. (“RSL”), a wholly owned subsidiary of parent company Rosetta Stone Inc., executed a Loan and Security Agreement with Silicon Valley Bank (“Bank”) to obtain a $25.0 million revolving credit facility (the “credit facility”). The Company executed the First Amendment to the credit facility with the Bank effective March 31, 2015, the Second Amendment effective May 1, 2015, the Third Amendment effective June 29, 2015, and the Fourth Amendment effective December 29, 2015. The Company is subject to certain covenants under the Loan and Security Agreement, including financial covenants and limitations on indebtedness, encumbrances, investments and distributions and dispositions of assets, certain of which covenants were amended in the First, Second, Third, and Fourth Amendments, which were primarily amended to reflect updates to the Company's financial outlook. The Third Amendment also changed the definition of "change of control" to eliminate a clause referring to a change in a portion of the Board of Directors within a twelve-month period.

On March 14, 2016, the Company executed the Fifth Amendment to the credit facility. Under the amended agreement, the Company may borrow up to $25.0 million, including a sub-facility, which reduces available borrowings, for letters of credit in an aggregate availability amount of $4.0 million. Borrowings by RSL under the credit facility are guaranteed by the Company as the ultimate parent. The credit facility has a term that expires on January 1, 2018, during which time RSL may borrow and re-pay loan amounts and re-borrow the loan amounts subject to customary borrowing conditions.

The total obligations under the credit facility cannot exceed the lesser of (i) the total revolving commitment of $25.0 million or (ii) the borrowing base, which is calculated as 80% of eligible accounts receivable. As a result, the borrowing base will fluctuate and the Company expects it will follow the general seasonality of cash and accounts receivable (lower in the first half of the year and higher in the second half of the year). If the borrowing base less any outstanding amounts, plus the cash held at SVB ("Availability") is greater than $25.0 million, then the Company may borrow up to an additional $5.0 million, but in no case can borrowings exceed $25.0 million. Interest on borrowings accrue at the Prime Rate provided that the Company maintains a minimum cash and Availability balance of $17.5 million. If cash and Availability is below $17.5 million, interest will accrue at the Prime Rate plus 1%.

Proceeds of loans made under the credit facility may be used as working capital or to fund general business requirements. All obligations under the credit facility, including letters of credit, are secured by a security interest on substantially all of the Company’s assets including intellectual property rights and by a stock pledge by the Company of 100% of its ownership interests in U.S. subsidiaries and 66% of its ownership interests in certain foreign subsidiaries.

The credit facility contains customary affirmative and negative covenants, including covenants that limit or restrict our ability to, among other things, incur additional indebtedness, dispose of assets, execute a material change in business, acquire or dispose of an entity, grant liens, make share repurchases, and make distributions, including payment of dividends. The Company is required to maintain compliance with a minimum liquidity amount and minimum financial performance requirements, as defined in the credit facility. As of March 31, 2016, the Company was in compliance with all covenants.

The credit facility contains customary events of default, including among others, non-payment defaults, covenant defaults, bankruptcy and insolvency defaults, and a change of control default, in each case, subject to customary exceptions. The occurrence of a default event could result in the Bank’s acceleration of repayment obligations of any loan amounts then outstanding.

As of March 31, 2016, there were no borrowings outstanding and the Company was eligible to borrow $13.5 million of available credit, less $4.0 million in letters of credit that have been issued by the Bank on the Company's behalf. A quarterly commitment fee accrues on any unused portion of the credit facility at a nominal annual rate.

Capital Leases

The Company enters into capital leases under non-committed arrangements for equipment and software. In addition, the Company holds a capital lease for a building near Versailles, France.

During the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company acquired $27,000, and zero, respectively, of equipment or software through the issuance of capital leases.

Future minimum payments under capital leases with initial terms of one year or more are as follows (in thousands):

	As of March 31, 2016
2016-remaining	$	391
2017	670
2018	518
2019	515
2020	510
Thereafter	887
Total minimum lease payments	$	3,491
Less amount representing interest	462
Present value of net minimum lease payments	$	3,029
Less current portion	546
Obligations under capital lease, long-term	$	2,483

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INCOME TAXES

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

INCOME TAXES

INCOME TAXES

In accordance with ASC topic 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”), and ASC subtopic 740-270, Income Taxes: Interim Reporting, the income tax provision for the three months ended March 31, 2016 is based on the estimated annual effective tax rate for fiscal year 2016. The estimated effective tax rate may be subject to adjustment in subsequent quarterly periods as the estimates of pretax income for the year, along with other items that may affect the rate, may change and may create a different relationship between domestic and foreign income and loss.

The Company accounts for uncertainty in income taxes under ASC subtopic 740-10-25, Income Taxes: Overall: Background (“ASC 740-10-25”). ASC 740-10-25 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. ASC 740-10-25 also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition.

Valuation Allowance Recorded for Deferred Tax Assets

The Company evaluates the recoverability of its deferred tax assets at each reporting period for each tax jurisdiction and establishes a valuation allowance, if necessary, to reduce the deferred tax asset to an amount that is more likely than not to be recovered. As of March 31, 2016, the analysis of the need for a valuation allowance on U.S. deferred tax assets considered that the U.S. entity has incurred a three-year cumulative loss. As previously disclosed, if the Company does not have sufficient objective positive evidence to overcome a three-year cumulative loss, a valuation allowance may be necessary. In evaluating whether to record a valuation allowance, the guidance in ASC 740 deems that the existence of cumulative losses in recent years is a significant piece of objectively verifiable negative evidence that is difficult to overcome. An enterprise that has cumulative losses is generally prohibited from using an estimate of future earnings to support a conclusion that realization of an existing deferred tax asset is more likely than not.

Consideration has been given to the following positive and negative evidence:

• Three-year cumulative evaluation period ended March 31, 2016 results in a cumulative U.S. pre-tax loss;

• from 2006, when the U.S. entity began filing as a C-corporation for income tax purposes, through 2010, the U.S. entity generated taxable income each year;

• the Company has a history of utilizing all operating tax loss carryforwards and has not had any tax loss carryforwards or credits expire unused;

• lengthy loss carryforward periods of 20 years for U.S. federal and most state jurisdictions apply; and

• the Company incurred a U.S. federal jurisdiction net operating loss for the most recently completed calendar year and has additional net operating loss carryforwards subject to limitation pursuant to IRC Section 382.

As of March 31, 2016, a valuation allowance was provided for the U.S., Japan, China, Hong Kong, Mexico, Spain, France and Brazil where the Company has determined the deferred tax assets will not more likely than not be realized.

Evaluation of the remaining jurisdictions as of March 31, 2016 resulted in the determination that no additional valuation allowances were necessary at this time. However, the Company will continue to assess the need for a valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets in the future and the valuation will be adjusted accordingly, which could materially affect the Company’s financial position and results of operations.

As of March 31, 2016, and December 31, 2015, the Company’s U.S. deferred tax liability was $5.1 million and $4.8 million, respectively, related to its goodwill and indefinite lived intangibles. As of March 31, 2016 the Company had foreign net deferred tax liabilities of $0.1 million compared to foreign net deferred tax liabilities of $0.2 million at December 31, 2015. As of March 31, 2016, and December 31, 2015, the Company had no unrecognized tax benefits.

For the three months ended March 31, 2016 the Company recorded an income tax expense of $0.4 million. The expense in the current period is made up of tax expense related to current year profits of operations in Germany and the U.K. Additionally, the tax expense relates to the tax impact of the amortization of indefinite-lived intangible assets and the inability to recognize tax benefits associated with current year losses of operations in all other foreign jurisdictions and in the U.S. due to the valuation allowance recorded against the deferred tax asset balances of these entities. These tax expenses are partially offset by tax benefits related to current year losses in Canada.

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STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

2006 Stock Incentive Plan

On January 4, 2006, the Company established the Rosetta Stone Inc. 2006 Stock Incentive Plan (the "2006 Plan") under which the Company's Board of Directors, at its discretion, could grant stock options to employees and certain directors of the Company and affiliated entities. The 2006 Plan initially authorized the grant of stock options for up to 1,942,200 shares of common stock. On May 28, 2008, the Board of Directors authorized the grant of additional stock options for up to 195,000 shares of common stock under the plan, resulting in total stock options available for grant under the 2006 Plan of 2,137,200 as of December 31, 2008. The stock options granted under the 2006 Plan generally expire at the earlier of a specified period after termination of service or the date specified by the Board or its designated committee at the date of grant, but not more than ten years from such grant date. Stock issued as a result of exercises of stock options will be issued from the Company's authorized available stock.

2009 Omnibus Incentive Plan

On February 27, 2009, the Company's Board of Directors approved the 2009 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the "2009 Plan") that provides for the ability of the Company to grant up to 2,437,744 of new stock incentive awards or options including Incentive and Nonqualified Stock Options, Stock Appreciation Rights, Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units, Performance Units, Performance Shares, Performance based Restricted Stock, Share Awards, Phantom Stock and Cash Incentive Awards. The stock incentive awards and options granted under the 2009 Plan generally expire at the earlier of a specified period after termination of service or the date specified by the Board or its designated committee at the date of grant, but not more than ten years from such grant date. Concurrent with the approval of the 2009 Plan, the 2006 Plan was terminated for purposes of future grants.

On May 26, 2011 the Board of Directors authorized and the Company's shareholders' approved the allocation of an additional 1,000,000 shares of common stock to the 2009 Plan. On May 23, 2012, the Board of Directors authorized and the Company's shareholders approved the allocation of 1,122,930 additional shares of common stock to the 2009 Plan. On May 23, 2013, the Board of Directors authorized and the Company's shareholders approved the allocation of 2,317,000 additional shares of common stock to the 2009 Plan. On May 20, 2014, the Board of Directors authorized and the Company's shareholders approved the allocation of 500,000 additional shares of common stock to the 2009 Plan. On June 12, 2015, the Board of Directors authorized and the Company's shareholders approved the allocation of 1,200,000 additional shares of common stock to the 2009 Plan. At March 31, 2016 there were 2,358,514 shares available for future grant under the 2009 Plan.

In accordance with ASC 718, the fair value of stock-based awards to employees is calculated as of the date of grant. Compensation expense is then recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award. The Company uses the Black-Scholes pricing model to value its stock options, which requires the use of estimates, including future stock price volatility, expected term and forfeitures. Stock-based compensation expense recognized is based on the estimated portion of the awards that are expected to vest. Estimated forfeiture rates were applied in the expense calculation.

For the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, the fair value of options granted was calculated using the following assumptions:  

	Three Months Ended   March 31,
	2016	2015
Expected stock price volatility	46.1%-47.0%	62.6%-63.1%
Expected term of options	6 years	6 years
Expected dividend yield	—	—
Risk-free interest rate	1.24%-1.50%	1.19%-1.57%

The following table presents stock-based compensation expense included in the related financial statement line items (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended   March 31,
	2016			2015
Included in cost of revenue:
Cost of product revenue	$	1		$	22
Cost of subscription and service revenue	(17		)	11
Total included in cost of revenue	(16		)	33
Included in operating expenses:
Sales and marketing	79			361
Research and development	(119		)	140
General and administrative	477			753
Total included in operating expenses	437			1,254
Total	$	421		$	1,287

Stock Options

The following table summarizes the Company's stock option activity from January 1, 2016 to March 31, 2016:

	Options Outstanding		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Contractual Life (years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Options Outstanding, January 1, 2016	1,837,165		$	10.58	7.70	$	130,262
Options granted	391,939		7.46
Options exercised	(7,117	)	4.09
Options canceled	(67,749	)	11.59
Options Outstanding, March 31, 2016	2,154,238		10.01		7.91	112,622
Vested and expected to vest March 31, 2016	1,966,909		10.16		7.74	112,622
Exercisable at March 31, 2016	1,269,498		$	10.49	7.12	$	112,622

As of March 31, 2016, there was approximately $4.9 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to non-vested stock option awards that is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.92 years.

Stock options are granted at the discretion of the Board of Directors or the Compensation Committee (or its authorized member(s)) and expire 10 years from the date of the grant. Options generally vest over a four-year period based upon required service conditions. No options have performance or market conditions. The Company calculates the pool of additional paid-in capital associated with excess tax benefits in accordance with ASC 718.

Restricted Stock Awards

The following table summarizes the Company's restricted stock award activity from January 1, 2016 to March 31, 2016:

	Nonvested Outstanding		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Nonvested Awards, January 1, 2016	341,579		$	10.61	$	3,624,153
Awards granted	143,655		7.46
Awards vested	(75,511	)	10.62
Awards canceled	(11,972	)	11.37
Nonvested Awards, March 31, 2016	397,751		$	9.45	$	3,757,554

As of March 31, 2016, future compensation cost related to the nonvested portion of the restricted stock awards not yet recognized in the consolidated statement of operations was $3.5 million and is expected to be recognized over a period of 2.54 years.

Restricted stock awards are granted at the discretion of the Board of Directors or Compensation Committee (or its authorized member(s)). Restricted stock awards generally vest over a four-year period based upon required service conditions.

Restricted Stock Units

The following table summarizes the Company's restricted stock unit activity from January 1, 2016 to March 31, 2016:

	Units Outstanding		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Units Outstanding, January 1, 2016	187,942		$	11.16	$	1,257,332
Units granted	—		—		—
Units released	(20,201	)	10.77
Units cancelled	(5,589	)	8.50
Units Outstanding, March 31, 2016	162,152		11.30		1,088,040
Vested and expected to vest at March 31, 2016	123,674		8.50		85,226
Vested and deferred at March 31, 2016	110,973		$	12.60	$	744,629

As of March 31, 2016, no restricted stock units were granted to members of the Board of Directors as part of their compensation packages. Restricted stock units convert to common stock following the separation of service with the Company. Beginning June 2015, all restricted stock unit awards vest quarterly over a one year period from the date of grant, with expense recognized straight-line over the vesting period. Prior to June 2015, all restricted stock unit awards were immediately vested with expense recognized in full on the grant date. The Company's restricted stock units are accounted for as equity awards. The grant date fair value is based on the market price of the Company's common stock at the date of grant. The Company did not grant any restricted stock units prior to April 2009.

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

At March 31, 2016, the Company's Board of Directors had the authority to issue 200,000,000 shares of stock, of which 190,000,000 were designated as Common Stock, with a par value of $0.00005 per share, and 10,000,000 were designated as Preferred Stock, with a par value of $0.001 per share. At March 31, 2016, the Company had shares of common stock issued of 23,308,635 and shares of common stock outstanding of 22,308,635.

On May 8, 2013, the Company filed a universal shelf registration statement to offer equity or issue debt in the amount of $150.0 million, which became effective on May 30, 2013. The registration statement permitted certain holders of the Company’s stock to offer the shares of common stock held by them. On June 11, 2013 the selling shareholders, ABS Capital Partners IV Trust and Norwest Equity Partners VIII, LP, sold a combined total of 3,490,000 shares at an offering price of $16.00 per share. During November and December 2013, ABS Capital Partners IV Trust sold the remainder of its common stock holdings in the Company. The Company issued and sold an additional 10,000 shares of common stock at a per share price of $16.00 in the offering.

On August 22, 2013, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program under which the Company is authorized to repurchase up to $25 million of its outstanding common stock from time to time in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions depending on market conditions, other corporate considerations, debt facility covenants and other contractual limitations, and applicable legal requirements. For the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company paid $11.4 million to repurchase 1,000,000 shares at a weighted average price of $11.44 per share as part of this program. No shares were repurchased during 2014, 2015, or the three months ended March 31, 2016. Shares repurchased under the program were recorded as treasury stock on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. The shares repurchased under this program during the year ended December 31, 2013 were not the result of an accelerated share repurchase agreement. Management has not made a decision on whether shares purchased under this program will be retired or reissued.

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RESTRUCTURING

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

RESTRUCTURING

RESTRUCTURING

2016 Restructuring Plan

In the first quarter of 2016, the Company announced and initiated actions with an intent to exit the direct sales presence in almost all of its non-U.S. and non-northern European geographies related to the distribution of Enterprise & Education Language offerings. The Company will also look to initiate processes to close its software development operations in France and China. 

Restructuring charges included in the Company’s unaudited consolidated statement of operations related to the 2016 Restructuring Plan include the following:

• Employee severance and related benefits costs incurred in connection with headcount reductions involving employees primarily in China, Brazil, Canada, Spain, Mexico, U.S. and the U.K.; and

• Other related costs.

The following table summarizes activity with respect to the restructuring charges for the 2016 Restructuring Plan during the three months ended March 31, 2016 (in thousands):

	Balance at January 1, 2016		Cost Incurred		Cash Payments			Other Adjustments (1)		Balance at March 31, 2016
Severance costs	$	—	$	2,149	$	(369	)	$	—	$	1,780
Other costs	—		256		—			—		256
Total	$	—	$	2,405	$	(369	)	$	—	$	2,036

(1) Other Adjustments includes non-cash period changes in the liability balance, which may include non-cash stock compensation expense and foreign currency translation adjustments.

2015 Restructuring Plan

In the first quarter of 2015, the Company announced and initiated actions to reduce headcount and other costs in order to support its strategic shift in business focus. The Company committed to the 2015 Restructuring Plan and has completed a large portion of the 2015 Restructuring Plan as of March 31, 2016. The Company does not expect to incur any additional restructuring costs in connection with the 2015 Restructuring Plan.

Restructuring charges included in the Company’s unaudited consolidated statement of operations related to the 2015 Restructuring Plan include the following:

• Employee severance and related benefits costs incurred in connection with headcount reductions involving employees primarily in the U.S. and the U.K.;

• Contract termination costs; and

• Other related costs.

The following table summarizes activity with respect to the restructuring charges for the 2015 Restructuring Plan during the three months ended March 31, 2016 (in thousands):

	Balance at January 1, 2016		Cost Incurred		Cash Payments			Other Adjustments (1)		Balance at March 31, 2016
Severance costs	$	252	$	104	$	(238	)	$	—	$	118
Contract termination costs	—		—		—			—		—
Other costs	—		—		—			—		—
Total	$	252	$	104	$	(238	)	$	—	$	118

(1) Other Adjustments includes non-cash period changes in the liability balance, which may include non-cash stock compensation expense and foreign currency translation adjustments.

Restructuring Cost

The following table summarizes the major types of costs associated with the 2016 and 2015 Restructuring Plans for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, and total costs incurred through March 31, 2016 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended   March 31,				Incurred through
	2016		2015		March 31, 2016
Severance costs	$	2,253	$	6,013	$	9,493
Contract termination costs	—		—		1,134
Other costs	256		246		673
Total	$	2,509	$	6,259	$	11,300

As of March 31, 2016, the entire restructuring liability of $2.2 million was classified as a current liability within accrued compensation and other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

The following table presents total restructuring costs associated with the 2016 and 2015 Restructuring Plans included in the related line items of our Statement of Operations (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended   March 31,
	2016		2015
Cost of revenue	$	95	$	37
Sales and marketing	1,485		3,124
Research and development	349		604
General and administrative	580		2,494
Total	$	2,509	$	6,259

These restructuring expenses are not allocated to any reportable segment under our definition of segment contribution as defined in Note 16 "Segment Information."

At each reporting date, the Company will evaluate its accrued restructuring costs to ensure the liabilities reported are still appropriate. Any changes to the estimated costs of executing approved restructuring plans will be reflected in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

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LEASE ABANDONMENT AND TERMINATION

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

LEASE ABANDONMENT AND TERMINATION

LEASE ABANDONMENT AND TERMINATION

As part of the Company’s effort to reduce general and administrative expenses through a planned space consolidation at its Arlington, Virginia headquarters location, the Company incurred lease abandonment charges of $3.2 million in the first quarter of 2014. Prior to January 31, 2014, the Company occupied the 6^th and 7^th floors at its Arlington, Virginia headquarters. The Company estimated the liability under operating lease agreements and accrued lease abandonment costs in accordance with ASC 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligation ("ASC 420"), as the Company has no future economic benefit from the abandoned space and the lease does not terminate until December 31, 2018. All leased space related to the 6^th floor was abandoned and ceased to be used by the Company on January 31, 2014.

A summary of the Company’s lease abandonment activity for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 is as follows (in thousands):

	As of March 31,
	2016			2015
Accrued lease abandonment costs, beginning of period	$	1,281		$	1,679
Costs incurred and charged to expense	—			—
Principal reductions	(110		)	(129		)
Accrued lease abandonment costs, end of period	$	1,171		$	1,550
Accrued lease abandonment costs liability:
Short-term	$	443		$	462
Long-term	728			1,088
Total	$	1,171		$	1,550

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COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Operating Leases

The Company leases copiers, parking spaces, buildings, a warehouse and office space under operating lease and site license arrangements, some of which contain renewal options. Building, warehouse and office space leases range from 12 months to 74 months. Certain leases also include lease renewal options.

The following table summarizes future minimum operating lease payments for the remaining nine months of 2016 and the years thereafter (in thousands):

	As of March 31, 2016
Periods Ending December 31,
2016-remaining	$	4,007
2017	4,366
2018	3,829
2019	1,253
2020	962
Thereafter	589
Total	$	15,006

Total expenses under operating leases are $1.1 million and $1.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. 

The Company accounts for its leases under the provisions of ASC topic 840, Accounting for Leases ("ASC 840"), and subsequent amendments, which require that leases be evaluated and classified as operating leases or capital leases for financial reporting purposes. Certain operating leases contain rent escalation clauses, which are recorded on a straight-line basis over the initial term of the lease with the difference between the rent paid and the straight-line rent recorded as either a deferred rent asset or liability depending on the calculation. Lease incentives received from landlords are recorded as deferred rent liabilities and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the lease term as a reduction to rent expense.

Litigation

In June 2011, Rosetta Stone GmbH, a subsidiary of the Company, was served with a writ filed by Langenscheidt KG ("Langenscheidt") in the District Court of Cologne, Germany alleging trademark infringement due to Rosetta Stone GmbH’s use of the color yellow on its packaging of its language-learning software and the advertising thereof in Germany. Langenscheidt sought relief in the form of monetary damages and injunctive relief; however there has not been a demand for a specific amount of monetary damages and there has been no specific damage amount awarded to Langenscheidt.  In January 2012, the District Court of Cologne ordered an injunction against specific uses of the color yellow made by Rosetta Stone GmbH in packaging, on its website and in television commercials and declared Rosetta Stone GmbH liable for damages, attorneys’ fees and costs to Langenscheidt. In its decision, the District Court of Cologne also ordered the destruction of Rosetta Stone GmbH’s product and packaging which utilized the color yellow and which was deemed to have infringed Langenscheidt’s trademark. The Court of Appeals in Cologne and the German Federal Supreme Court have affirmed the District Court's decision.  The Company has filed special complaints with the German Federal Supreme Court and the German Constitutional Court directed to constitutional issues in the German Federal Supreme Court’s decision.

In August 2011, Rosetta Stone GmbH commenced a separate proceeding for the cancellation of Langenscheidt’s German trademark registration of yellow as an abstract color mark. In June 2012, the German Patent and Trademark Office rendered a decision in the cancellation proceeding denying our request to cancel Langenscheidt’s German trademark registration. The German Federal Supreme Court has denied Rosetta Stone GmbH's further appeal but has not yet issued its written decision denying further appeal. A constitutional complaint was filed with the German Federal Supreme Court in May 2015.

In October 2015, the parties subsequently engaged in further settlement discussions and executed a settlement agreement. Pursuant to this settlement agreement, in January 2016, Rosetta Stone GmbH paid a lump sum of $0.4 million in full settlement of all financial claims resulting from the proceedings, including damages and cost reimbursement to Langenscheidt. Both parties have withdrawn the pending motions. As of March 31, 2016, the Company considers this matter closed.

From time to time, the Company has been subject to various claims and legal actions in the ordinary course of its business. The Company is not currently involved in any legal proceeding the ultimate outcome of which, in its judgment based on information currently available, would have a material impact on its business, financial condition or results of operations.

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SEGMENT INFORMATION

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

SEGMENT INFORMATION

SEGMENT INFORMATION

In March 2016, the Company announced its strategy to position the organization for success. The Company has prioritized the growth of literacy sales and is taking actions to align resources to drive this growth. As a result of this shift, the Company reevaluated its segment structure. Prior to the strategy shift, the Company was managed in two operating segments - "Enterprise & Education" and "Consumer". Following the shift, the Company is managed in three operating segments - "Enterprise & Education Language", "Literacy", and "Consumer". The new Literacy segment was previously a component of the "Enterprise & Education" segment and is comprised solely of the Lexia business. The Literacy segment focuses on delivering subscription-based English literacy-learning and assessment solutions to grades pre-K through 12. The Company's current operating segments also represent the Company's reportable segments. The Company will continue to evaluate its management reporting and will update its operating and reportable segments as appropriate.

The Company assesses profitability of each segment in terms of segment contribution. Segment contribution is the measure of profitability used by our Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM"). The CODM assesses profitability and performance of the Company on its current operating segments. Segment contribution includes segment revenue and expenses incurred directly by the segment, including material costs, service costs, customer care and coaching costs, sales and marketing expenses, and bad debt expense. Segment contribution excludes depreciation, amortization, stock compensation, research and development, restructuring related and other non-recurring expenses. The Company does not allocate expenses beneficial to all segments, which includes certain general and administrative expenses such as legal fees, payroll processing fees, and accounting related expenses. These expenses are included in the unallocated expenses section of the table presented below. Revenue from transactions between the Company's operating segments is not material. Prior periods have been reclassified to reflect our current segment presentation and definition of segment contribution.

With the exception of goodwill, the Company does not identify or allocate its assets by operating segment. Consequently, the Company does not present assets or liabilities by operating segment.

Operating results by segment for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended   March 31,
	2016			2015
Revenue:
Enterprise & Education Language	$	18,331		$	18,998
Literacy	7,577			4,170
Consumer	22,094			35,274
Total revenue	$	48,002		$	58,442
Segment contribution:
Enterprise & Education Language	6,100			4,195
Literacy	1,038			(124		)
Consumer	4,949			7,321
Total segment contribution	$	12,087		$	11,392
Unallocated expenses, net:
Unallocated cost of sales	1,021			662
Unallocated sales and marketing	2,547			4,500
Unallocated research and development	6,571			8,972
Unallocated general and administrative	10,135			14,994
Unallocated non-operating expense/(income)	(1,129		)	1,665
Unallocated impairment	—			291
Unallocated lease abandonment expense	—			—
Total unallocated expenses, net	$	19,145		$	31,084
Loss before income taxes	$	(7,058	)	$	(19,692	)

Geographic Information

Revenue by major geographic region is based primarily upon the geographic location of the customers who purchase the Company's products. The geographic locations of distributors and resellers who purchase and resell the Company's products may be different from the geographic locations of end customers.

The information below summarizes revenue from customers by geographic area for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended   March 31,
	2016		2015
United States	$	39,795	$	46,189
International	8,207		12,253
Total	$	48,002	$	58,442

The information below summarizes long-lived assets by geographic area classified as held and used as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 (in thousands):

	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
United States	$	19,460	$	18,704
International	3,809		3,828
Total	$	23,269	$	22,532

Revenue by Type

The Company earns revenue from the sale of language-learning, literacy and brain fitness products and services. The information below summarizes revenue by type for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended   March 31,
	2016		2015
Language learning	$	39,227	$	53,165
Literacy	7,577		4,170
Brain fitness	1,198		1,107
Total	$	48,002	$	58,442

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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Rosetta Stone and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions. The amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements include significant estimates and assumptions that have been made, including, but not limited to, those related to revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful accounts, estimated sales returns and reserves, stock-based compensation, restructuring costs, fair value of intangibles and goodwill, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent litigation, and allowance for valuation of deferred tax assets. The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on historical experience and on various other judgments that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The Company continuously evaluates its estimates and assumptions. Actual results may differ from these estimates and assumptions.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

The Company's primary sources of revenue are web-based software subscriptions, online services, perpetual product software, and bundles of perpetual product software and online services. The Company also generates revenue from the sale of audio practice products, mobile applications, and professional services. Revenue is recognized when all of the following criteria are met: there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement; the product has been delivered or services have been rendered; the fee is fixed or determinable; and collectability is reasonably assured. Revenue is recorded net of discounts.

The Company identifies the units of accounting contained within sales arrangements in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") subtopic 605-25, Revenue Recognition - Multiple Element Arrangements ("ASC 605-25"). In doing so, the Company evaluates a variety of factors including whether the undelivered element(s) have value to the customer on a stand-alone basis or if the undelivered element(s) could be sold by another vendor on a stand-alone basis.

For multiple element arrangements that contain perpetual software products and related online services, the Company allocates the total arrangement consideration to its deliverables based on the existence of vendor-specific objective evidence of fair value, or vendor-specific objective evidence ("VSOE"), in accordance with ASC subtopic 985-605-25, Software: Revenue Recognition-Multiple-Element Arrangements ("ASC 985-605-25"). The Company generates a substantial portion of its Consumer revenue from the CD and digital download formats of the Rosetta Stone language-learning product which is typically a multiple-element arrangement that includes two deliverables: the perpetual software, delivered at the time of sale, and the online service, which is considered an undelivered software-related element. The online service includes access to conversational coaching services. Because the Company only sells the perpetual language-learning software on a stand-alone basis in its homeschool version, the Company does not have a sufficient concentration of stand-alone sales to establish VSOE for the perpetual product. Where VSOE of the undelivered online services can be established, arrangement consideration is allocated using the residual method. The Company determines VSOE by reference to the range of comparable stand-alone renewal sales of the online service. The Company reviews these stand-alone sales on a quarterly basis. VSOE is established if at least 80% of the stand-alone sales are within a range of plus or minus 15% of a midpoint of the range of prices, consistent with generally accepted industry practice. Where VSOE of the undelivered online services cannot be established, revenue is deferred and recognized commensurate with the delivery of the online services.

For non-software multiple element arrangements the Company allocates revenue to all deliverables based on their relative selling prices. The Company's non-software multiple element arrangements primarily occur as sales to its Enterprise & Education Language and Literacy customers. These arrangements can include web-based subscription services, audio practice materials and professional services or any combination thereof. The Company does not have a sufficient concentration of stand-alone sales of the various deliverables noted above to its Enterprise & Education Language and Literacy customers, and therefore cannot establish VSOE for each deliverable. Third party evidence of fair value does not exist for the web-based subscription, audio practice and professional services due to the lack of interchangeable language-learning products and services within the market. Accordingly, the Company determines the relative selling price of the web-based subscription, audio practice tools and professional services deliverables included in its non-software multiple-element arrangements using the best estimated selling price. The Company determines the best estimated selling price based on its internally published price list which includes suggested sales prices for each deliverable based on the type of client and volume purchased. This price list is derived from past experience and from the expectation of obtaining a reasonable margin based on what each deliverable costs the Company.

In the U.S. and Canada, the Company offers consumers who purchase packaged software and audio practice products directly from the Company a 30-day, unconditional, full money-back refund. The Company also permits some of our retailers and distributors to return unsold packaged products, subject to certain limitations. In accordance with ASC subtopic 985-605, Software: Revenue Recognition ("ASC 985-605"), the Company estimates and establishes revenue reserves for packaged product returns at the time of sale based on historical return rates, estimated channel inventory levels, the timing of new product introductions and other factors.

The Company distributes its products and services both directly to the end customer and indirectly through resellers. Resellers earn commissions generally calculated as a fixed percentage of the gross sale to the end customer. The Company evaluates each of its reseller relationships in accordance with ASC subtopic 605-45, Revenue Recognition - Principal Agent Considerations (“ASC 605-45”) to determine whether the revenue recognized from indirect sales should be the gross amount of the contract with the end customer or reduced for the reseller commission. In making this determination the Company evaluates a variety of factors including whether it is the primary obligor to the end customer. Revenue is recorded net of taxes.

Revenue for online services and web-based subscriptions is recognized ratably over the term of the service or subscription period, assuming all revenue recognition criteria have been met. The CD and digital download formats of Rosetta Stone language-learning products are bundled with an online service where customers are allowed to begin their short-term online services at any point during a registration window, which is up to six months from the date of purchase from us or an authorized reseller. The online services that are not activated during this registration window are forfeited and revenue is recognized upon expiry. Revenue from non-refundable upfront fees that are not related to products already delivered or services already performed is deferred and recognized over the term of the related arrangement because the period over which a customer is expected to benefit from the service that is included within our subscription arrangements does not extend beyond the contractual period. Accounts receivable and deferred revenue are recorded at the time a customer enters into a binding subscription agreement.

Software products include sales to end user customers and resellers. In many cases, revenue from sales to resellers is not contingent upon resale of the software to the end user and is recorded in the same manner as all other product sales. Revenue from sales of packaged software products and audio practice products is recognized as the products are shipped and title passes and risks of loss have been transferred. For many product sales, these criteria are met at the time the product is shipped. For some sales to resellers and certain other sales, the Company defers revenue until the customer receives the product because the Company legally retains a portion of the risk of loss on these sales during transit. In other cases where packaged software products are sold to resellers on a consignment basis, revenue is recognized for these consignment transactions once the end user sale has occurred, assuming the remaining revenue recognition criteria have been met. In accordance with ASC subtopic 605-50, Revenue Recognition: Customer Payments and Incentives (“ASC 605-50”), cash sales incentives to resellers are accounted for as a reduction of revenue, unless a specific identified benefit is identified and the fair value is reasonably determinable. Price protection for changes in the manufacturer suggested retail value granted to resellers for the inventory that they have on hand at the date the price protection is offered is recorded as a reduction to revenue at the time of sale.

The Company offers customers the ability to make payments for packaged software purchases in installments over a period of time, which typically ranges between three and five months. Given that these installment payment plans are for periods less than 12 months, a successful collection history has been established and these fees are fixed and determinable, revenue is recognized at the time of sale, assuming the remaining revenue recognition criteria have been met.

In connection with packaged software product sales and web-based software subscriptions, technical support is provided to customers, including customers of resellers, via telephone support at no additional cost for up to six months from the time of purchase. As the fee for technical support is included in the initial licensing fee, the technical support and services are generally provided within one year, the estimated cost of providing such support is deemed insignificant and no unspecified upgrades/enhancements are offered, technical support revenue is recognized together with the software product and web-based software subscription revenue. Costs associated with the technical support are accrued at the time of sale.

Sales commissions from non-cancellable web-based software subscription contracts are deferred and amortized in proportion to the revenue recognized from the related contract.

Restructuring Costs and Divestitures

Restructuring Costs

As part of the 2016 Restructuring Plan and the 2015 Restructuring Plan, the Company announced and initiated actions to reduce headcount and other costs in order to support its strategic shift in business focus. In connection with these plans, the Company incurred restructuring related costs, including employee severance and related benefit costs, contract termination costs, and other related costs. These costs are included in our operating expense line items on the Statement of Operations.

Employee severance and related benefit costs primarily include cash payments, outplacement services, continuing health insurance coverage, and other benefits. Where no substantive involuntary termination plan previously exists, these severance costs are generally considered “one-time” benefits and recognized at fair value in the period in which a detailed plan has been approved by management and communicated to the terminated employees. Severance costs pursuant to ongoing benefit arrangements, including termination benefits provided for in existing employment contracts, are recognized when probable and reasonably estimable.

Contract termination costs include penalties to cancel certain service and license contracts. Contract termination costs are recognized at fair value in the period in which the contract is terminated in accordance with the contract terms.

Other related costs generally include external consulting and legal costs associated with the strategic shift in business focus of the Company’s Consumer business. Such costs are recognized at fair value in the period in which the costs are incurred.

Divestitures

The Company deconsolidates divested subsidiaries when there is a loss of control or when appropriate when evaluated under the variable interest entity model. The Company recognizes a gain or loss at divestiture equal to the difference between the fair value of any consideration received and the carrying amount of the former subsidiary’s assets and liabilities. Any resulting gain or loss is reported in "Other income and (expense)" on the consolidated statement of operations.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC topic 740, Income Taxes ("ASC 740"), which provides for an asset and liability approach to accounting for income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities represent the future tax consequences of the differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities versus the tax basis of assets and liabilities. Under this method, deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences, and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The impact of tax rate changes on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in the year that the change is enacted.

Deferred Tax Valuation Allowance

The Company has recorded a valuation allowance offsetting certain of its deferred tax assets as of March 31, 2016. When measuring the need for a valuation allowance on a jurisdiction by jurisdiction basis, the Company assesses both positive and negative evidence regarding whether these deferred tax assets are realizable. In determining deferred tax assets and valuation allowances, the Company is required to make judgments and estimates related to projections of profitability, the timing and extent of the utilization of temporary differences, net operating loss carryforwards, tax credits, applicable tax rates, transfer pricing methodologies and tax planning strategies. The valuation allowance is reviewed quarterly and is maintained until sufficient positive evidence exists to support a reversal. Because evidence such as the Company’s operating results during the most recent three-year period is afforded more weight than forecasted results for future periods, the Company’s cumulative loss in certain jurisdictions represents significant negative evidence in the determination of whether deferred tax assets are more likely than not to be utilized in certain jurisdictions. This determination resulted in the need for a valuation allowance on the deferred tax assets of certain jurisdictions. The Company will release this valuation allowance when it is determined that it is more likely than not that its deferred tax assets will be realized. Any future release of valuation allowance may be recorded as a tax benefit increasing net income.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company values its assets and liabilities using the methods of fair value as described in ASC topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, ("ASC 820"). ASC 820 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The three levels of fair value hierarchy are described below:

Level 1: Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

Level 2: Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.

Level 3: Significant inputs to the valuation model are unobservable.

The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and other accrued expenses approximate fair value due to relatively short periods to maturity.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for its stock-based compensation in accordance ASC topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation ("ASC 718"). Under ASC 718, all stock-based awards, including employee stock option grants, are recorded at fair value as of the grant date and recognized as expense in the statement of operations on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period. The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.

The Company estimates the expected term of options using a combination of peer company information and the simplified method for estimating the expected term. The Company uses its own historical stock price data to estimate its forfeiture rate and expected volatility over the most recent period commensurate with the estimated expected term of the awards. For the risk-free interest rate, the Company uses a U.S. Treasury Bond rate consistent with the estimated expected term of the option award.

The Company’s restricted stock and restricted stock unit grants are accounted for as equity awards. The grant date fair value is based on the market price of the Company’s common stock at the date of grant.

Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions

Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions

The functional currency of the Company's foreign subsidiaries is their local currency. Accordingly, assets and liabilities of the foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect on the balance sheet date. Income and expense items are translated at average rates for the period. Translation adjustments are recorded as a component of other comprehensive loss in stockholders' equity.

Cash flows of consolidated foreign subsidiaries, whose functional currency is their local currency, are translated to U.S. dollars using average exchange rates for the period. The Company reports the effect of exchange rate changes on cash balances held in foreign currencies as a separate item in the reconciliation of the changes in cash and cash equivalents during the period.

Advertising Costs

Advertising Costs

Costs for advertising are expensed as incurred.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718) Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting ("ASU 2016-09"). Under ASU 2016-09, accounting for share-based payment award transactions was simplified related to the accounting for (a) income tax effects; (b) minimum statutory tax withholding requirements; (c) and forfeitures. ASU 2016-09 is effective for public entities in annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is in the process of evaluating the adoption date and impact of the new guidance on the Company's consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) ("ASU 2016-02"). Under ASU 2016-02, entities will be required to recognize a lease liability and a right-of-use asset for all leases. Lessor accounting is largely unchanged. ASU 2016-02 is effective for public entities in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of the new guidance on the Company's consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments-Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities ("ASU 2016-01"). ASU 2016-01 changes how entities measure certain equity investments and present changes in the fair value of financial liabilities measured under the fair value option that are attributable to their own credit. Under the new guidance, entities will be required to measure equity investments that do not result in consolidation and are not accounted for under the equity method at fair value and recognize any changes in fair value in net income unless the investments qualify for the new practicability exception. The accounting for other financial instruments, such as loans and investments in debt securities is largely unchanged. ASU 2016-01 is effective for public entities in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company does not believe that the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements - Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40) ("ASU 2014-15"). ASU 2014-15 addresses management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures. Management’s evaluation should be based on relevant conditions and events that are known and reasonably knowable at the date that the financial statements are issued. ASU 2014-15 will be effective for the first interim period within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect to early adopt this guidance and does not believe that the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on the Company's financial statements and disclosures.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which replaces the current revenue accounting guidance. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date which defers the effective date of the updated guidance on revenue recognition by one year. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net), which clarifies and improves the operability and understandability of the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations. In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, which clarifies and improves the operability and understandability of the implementation guidance on identifying performance obligations and licensing. Collectively these ASUs comprise the new revenue standard ("New Revenue Standard"). The core principle of the New Revenue Standard is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To achieve that core principle, an entity should apply a five step model to 1) identify the contract(s) with a customer, 2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, 3) determine the transaction price, 4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract and 5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The New Revenue Standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 31, 2017. Entities may choose from two adoption methods, with certain practical expedients. The Company expects that it will adopt the New Revenue Standard beginning in the first quarter of 2018 and is currently evaluating the appropriate transition method and any impact of the New Revenue Standard on the Company's consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of total comprehensive income (loss)

The following table presents the effect of exchange rate changes on total comprehensive loss (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended   March 31,
	2016			2015
Net loss	$	(7,507	)	$	(19,884	)
Foreign currency translation loss	(477		)	(1,147		)
Comprehensive loss	$	(7,984	)	$	(21,031	)

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NET LOSS PER SHARE (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of computation of net loss per share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per common share (in thousands, except per share amounts):

	Three Months Ended   March 31,
	2016			2015
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(7,507	)	$	(19,884	)
Denominator:
Weighted average number of common shares:
Basic	21,867			21,018
Diluted	21,867			21,018
Loss per common share:
Basic	$	(0.34	)	$	(0.95	)
Diluted	$	(0.34	)	$	(0.95	)

Schedule of antidilutive securities excluded from computation of EPS

The following is a summary of common stock equivalents for the securities outstanding during the respective periods that have been excluded from the earnings per share calculations as their impact was anti-dilutive (in thousands).

	Three Months Ended   March 31,
	2016	2015
Stock options	25	58
Restricted stock units	162	119
Restricted stocks	63	69
Total common stock equivalent shares	250	246

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INVENTORY (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of inventory

Inventory consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Raw materials	$	3,190	$	3,375
Finished goods	4,039		3,958
Total inventory	$	7,229	$	7,333

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GOODWILL (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of the balance and changes in goodwill, by reporting unit

The following table shows the balance and changes in goodwill for the Company's operating segments for the three months ended March 31, 2016 (in thousands):

	Enterprise & Education Language		Literacy		Consumer		Total
Balance as of December 31, 2015	$	38,700	$	9,962	$	1,618	$	50,280
Effect of change in foreign currency rate	456		—		107		563
Balance as of March 31, 2016	$	39,156	$	9,962	$	1,725	$	50,843

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INTANGIBLE ASSETS (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Intangible Assets, Net (Excluding Goodwill) [Abstract]

Schedule of intangible assets

Intangible assets consisted of the following items as of the dates indicated (in thousands):

	March 31, 2016							December 31, 2015
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount
Tradename/trademark *	$	12,471	$	(1,358	)	$	11,113	$	12,442	$	(1,271	)	$	11,171
Core technology	15,397		(8,505		)	6,892		15,149		(7,817		)	7,332
Customer relationships	26,422		(17,348		)	9,074		26,245		(16,603		)	9,642
Website	12		(12		)	—		12		(12		)	—
Patents	300		(211		)	89		300		(201		)	99
Total	$	54,602	$	(27,434	)	$	27,168	$	54,148	$	(25,904	)	$	28,244

* Included in the tradename/trademark line above is the Rosetta Stone tradename, which is the Company's only indefinite-lived intangible asset. As of March 31, 2016, the carrying value of the tradename asset was $10.6 million.

Schedule of amortization expense of intangible assets

The following table presents amortization of intangible assets included in the related financial statement line items during the respective periods (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended   March 31,
	2016		2015
Included in cost of revenue:
Cost of product revenue	$	48	$	79
Cost of subscription and service revenue	98		67
Total included in cost of revenue	146		146
Included in operating expenses:
Sales and marketing	715		725
Research and development	442		456
General and administrative	—		—
Total included in operating expenses	1,157		1,181
Total	$	1,303	$	1,327

Summary of the estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets

The following table summarizes the estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets for the remaining nine months of 2016 and years thereafter (in thousands):

	As of March 31, 2016
2016 - remaining	$	3,423
2017	4,245
2018	3,651
2019	1,532
2020	1,282
Thereafter	2,428
Total	$	16,561

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OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of other current liabilities

The following table summarizes other current liabilities (in thousands):

	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Accrued marketing expenses	$	16,211	$	20,022
Accrued professional and consulting fees	1,918		1,746
Sales return reserve	2,104		3,728
Sales, withholding and property taxes payable	3,702		3,879
Other	3,465		5,943
Total other current liabilities	$	27,400	$	35,318

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FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of Future Minimum Lease Payments for Capital Leases

Future minimum payments under capital leases with initial terms of one year or more are as follows (in thousands):

	As of March 31, 2016
2016-remaining	$	391
2017	670
2018	518
2019	515
2020	510
Thereafter	887
Total minimum lease payments	$	3,491
Less amount representing interest	462
Present value of net minimum lease payments	$	3,029
Less current portion	546
Obligations under capital lease, long-term	$	2,483

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STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]

Schedule of Share-based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions

For the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, the fair value of options granted was calculated using the following assumptions:  

	Three Months Ended   March 31,
	2016	2015
Expected stock price volatility	46.1%-47.0%	62.6%-63.1%
Expected term of options	6 years	6 years
Expected dividend yield	—	—
Risk-free interest rate	1.24%-1.50%	1.19%-1.57%

Schedule of Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs

The following table presents stock-based compensation expense included in the related financial statement line items (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended   March 31,
	2016			2015
Included in cost of revenue:
Cost of product revenue	$	1		$	22
Cost of subscription and service revenue	(17		)	11
Total included in cost of revenue	(16		)	33
Included in operating expenses:
Sales and marketing	79			361
Research and development	(119		)	140
General and administrative	477			753
Total included in operating expenses	437			1,254
Total	$	421		$	1,287

Schedule of Stock Option Activity

The following table summarizes the Company's stock option activity from January 1, 2016 to March 31, 2016:

	Options Outstanding		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Contractual Life (years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Options Outstanding, January 1, 2016	1,837,165		$	10.58	7.70	$	130,262
Options granted	391,939		7.46
Options exercised	(7,117	)	4.09
Options canceled	(67,749	)	11.59
Options Outstanding, March 31, 2016	2,154,238		10.01		7.91	112,622
Vested and expected to vest March 31, 2016	1,966,909		10.16		7.74	112,622
Exercisable at March 31, 2016	1,269,498		$	10.49	7.12	$	112,622

Schedule of Restricted Stock Activity

The following table summarizes the Company's restricted stock award activity from January 1, 2016 to March 31, 2016:

	Nonvested Outstanding		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Nonvested Awards, January 1, 2016	341,579		$	10.61	$	3,624,153
Awards granted	143,655		7.46
Awards vested	(75,511	)	10.62
Awards canceled	(11,972	)	11.37
Nonvested Awards, March 31, 2016	397,751		$	9.45	$	3,757,554

Schedule of Nonvested Restricted Stock Units Activity

The following table summarizes the Company's restricted stock unit activity from January 1, 2016 to March 31, 2016:

	Units Outstanding		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Units Outstanding, January 1, 2016	187,942		$	11.16	$	1,257,332
Units granted	—		—		—
Units released	(20,201	)	10.77
Units cancelled	(5,589	)	8.50
Units Outstanding, March 31, 2016	162,152		11.30		1,088,040
Vested and expected to vest at March 31, 2016	123,674		8.50		85,226
Vested and deferred at March 31, 2016	110,973		$	12.60	$	744,629

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RESTRUCTURING (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Schedule of Type of Restructuring Report

The following table summarizes activity with respect to the restructuring charges for the 2016 Restructuring Plan during the three months ended March 31, 2016 (in thousands):

	Balance at January 1, 2016		Cost Incurred		Cash Payments			Other Adjustments (1)		Balance at March 31, 2016
Severance costs	$	—	$	2,149	$	(369	)	$	—	$	1,780
Other costs	—		256		—			—		256
Total	$	—	$	2,405	$	(369	)	$	—	$	2,036

(1) Other Adjustments includes non-cash period changes in the liability balance, which may include non-cash stock compensation expense and foreign currency translation adjustments.

The following table summarizes activity with respect to the restructuring charges for the 2015 Restructuring Plan during the three months ended March 31, 2016 (in thousands):

	Balance at January 1, 2016		Cost Incurred		Cash Payments			Other Adjustments (1)		Balance at March 31, 2016
Severance costs	$	252	$	104	$	(238	)	$	—	$	118
Contract termination costs	—		—		—			—		—
Other costs	—		—		—			—		—
Total	$	252	$	104	$	(238	)	$	—	$	118

(1) Other Adjustments includes non-cash period changes in the liability balance, which may include non-cash stock compensation expense and foreign currency translation adjustments.

Restructuring and Related Costs

The following table summarizes the major types of costs associated with the 2016 and 2015 Restructuring Plans for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, and total costs incurred through March 31, 2016 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended   March 31,				Incurred through
	2016		2015		March 31, 2016
Severance costs	$	2,253	$	6,013	$	9,493
Contract termination costs	—		—		1,134
Other costs	256		246		673
Total	$	2,509	$	6,259	$	11,300

Schedule of Restructuring and related Costs by Income Statement Location

The following table presents total restructuring costs associated with the 2016 and 2015 Restructuring Plans included in the related line items of our Statement of Operations (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended   March 31,
	2016		2015
Cost of revenue	$	95	$	37
Sales and marketing	1,485		3,124
Research and development	349		604
General and administrative	580		2,494
Total	$	2,509	$	6,259

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LEASE ABANDONMENT AND TERMINATION (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]

Summary of Lease Abandonment Activity

The following table summarizes activity with respect to the restructuring charges for the 2016 Restructuring Plan during the three months ended March 31, 2016 (in thousands):

	Balance at January 1, 2016		Cost Incurred		Cash Payments			Other Adjustments (1)		Balance at March 31, 2016
Severance costs	$	—	$	2,149	$	(369	)	$	—	$	1,780
Other costs	—		256		—			—		256
Total	$	—	$	2,405	$	(369	)	$	—	$	2,036

(1) Other Adjustments includes non-cash period changes in the liability balance, which may include non-cash stock compensation expense and foreign currency translation adjustments.

The following table summarizes activity with respect to the restructuring charges for the 2015 Restructuring Plan during the three months ended March 31, 2016 (in thousands):

	Balance at January 1, 2016		Cost Incurred		Cash Payments			Other Adjustments (1)		Balance at March 31, 2016
Severance costs	$	252	$	104	$	(238	)	$	—	$	118
Contract termination costs	—		—		—			—		—
Other costs	—		—		—			—		—
Total	$	252	$	104	$	(238	)	$	—	$	118

(1) Other Adjustments includes non-cash period changes in the liability balance, which may include non-cash stock compensation expense and foreign currency translation adjustments.

Facility Closing

Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]

Summary of Lease Abandonment Activity

A summary of the Company’s lease abandonment activity for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 is as follows (in thousands):

	As of March 31,
	2016			2015
Accrued lease abandonment costs, beginning of period	$	1,281		$	1,679
Costs incurred and charged to expense	—			—
Principal reductions	(110		)	(129		)
Accrued lease abandonment costs, end of period	$	1,171		$	1,550
Accrued lease abandonment costs liability:
Short-term	$	443		$	462
Long-term	728			1,088
Total	$	1,171		$	1,550

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COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of future minimum operating lease payments

The following table summarizes future minimum operating lease payments for the remaining nine months of 2016 and the years thereafter (in thousands):

	As of March 31, 2016
Periods Ending December 31,
2016-remaining	$	4,007
2017	4,366
2018	3,829
2019	1,253
2020	962
Thereafter	589
Total	$	15,006

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SEGMENT INFORMATION (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of operating results by segment

Operating results by segment for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended   March 31,
	2016			2015
Revenue:
Enterprise & Education Language	$	18,331		$	18,998
Literacy	7,577			4,170
Consumer	22,094			35,274
Total revenue	$	48,002		$	58,442
Segment contribution:
Enterprise & Education Language	6,100			4,195
Literacy	1,038			(124		)
Consumer	4,949			7,321
Total segment contribution	$	12,087		$	11,392
Unallocated expenses, net:
Unallocated cost of sales	1,021			662
Unallocated sales and marketing	2,547			4,500
Unallocated research and development	6,571			8,972
Unallocated general and administrative	10,135			14,994
Unallocated non-operating expense/(income)	(1,129		)	1,665
Unallocated impairment	—			291
Unallocated lease abandonment expense	—			—
Total unallocated expenses, net	$	19,145		$	31,084
Loss before income taxes	$	(7,058	)	$	(19,692	)

Summary of revenue from customers by geographic area

The information below summarizes revenue from customers by geographic area for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended   March 31,
	2016		2015
United States	$	39,795	$	46,189
International	8,207		12,253
Total	$	48,002	$	58,442

Summary of long-lived assets by geographic area

The information below summarizes long-lived assets by geographic area classified as held and used as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 (in thousands):

	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
United States	$	19,460	$	18,704
International	3,809		3,828
Total	$	23,269	$	22,532

Summary of revenue by products and services

The information below summarizes revenue by type for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended   March 31,
	2016		2015
Language learning	$	39,227	$	53,165
Literacy	7,577		4,170
Brain fitness	1,198		1,107
Total	$	48,002	$	58,442

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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016 USD ($) deliverable	Mar. 31, 2015 USD ($)
Product Information [Line Items]
Advertising expense | $	$ 9.6	$ 13.4
Rosetta Stone V4 TOTALe Software Arrangements
Product Information [Line Items]
Number of deliverables identified | deliverable	2
Rosetta Stone V4 TOTALe Software Arrangements | Maximum
Product Information [Line Items]
Period of registration window to begin services from the date of purchase from the entity	6 months
Packaged Software
Product Information [Line Items]
Period of installment payment plans (less than)	12 months
Packaged Software | Minimum
Product Information [Line Items]
Period offered to customers for payment of purchases in installments	3 months
Packaged Software | Maximum
Product Information [Line Items]
Period offered to customers for payment of purchases in installments	5 months
Packaged Software and Online Software Subscriptions | Maximum
Product Information [Line Items]
Period of providing technical support in connection with packaged software product sales and online software subscriptions	6 months

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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES, Comprehensive Loss (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions
Net loss	$ (7,507)	$ (19,884)
Foreign currency translation loss	(477)	(1,147)
Comprehensive loss	$ (7,984)	$ (21,031)

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DIVESTITURES (Details) - Disposed of by Sale - Rosetta Stone Korea (RSK) $ in Millions		1 Months Ended
	Oct. 02, 2015 USD ($) installment	Sep. 30, 2015
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Acquisition by management, percent		100.00%
Amount company to loan acquired entity | $	$ 0.5
Repayment period, number of installments | installment	5
Repayment period, frequency of installment	6 months

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NET LOSS PER SHARE, Schedule of Basic and Diluted (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Numerator:
Net loss	$ (7,507)	$ (19,884)
Weighted average number of common shares:
Basic (in shares)	21,867	21,018
Diluted (in shares)	21,867	21,018
Loss per common share:
Basic (usd per share)	$ (0.34)	$ (0.95)
Diluted (usd per share)	$ (0.34)	$ (0.95)

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NET LOSS PER SHARE (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Weighted average number diluted shares outstanding adjustment	0	0

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NET LOSS PER SHARE, Schedule of Anti-Dilutive (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Anti-dilutive securities
Total common stock equivalent shares	250	246
Stock options
Anti-dilutive securities
Total common stock equivalent shares	25	58
Restricted stock units
Anti-dilutive securities
Total common stock equivalent shares	162	119
Restricted stocks
Anti-dilutive securities
Total common stock equivalent shares	63	69

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INVENTORY (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Raw materials	$ 3,190	$ 3,375
Finished goods	4,039	3,958
Total inventory	$ 7,229	$ 7,333

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GOODWILL (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Changes in goodwill
Balance as of December 31, 2015	$ 50,280,000
Effect of change in foreign currency rate	563,000
Balance as of March 31, 2016	50,843,000
Loss on impairment	0	$ 291,000
Enterprise & Education Language
Changes in goodwill
Balance as of December 31, 2015	38,700,000
Effect of change in foreign currency rate	456,000
Balance as of March 31, 2016	39,156,000
Literacy
Changes in goodwill
Balance as of December 31, 2015	9,962,000
Effect of change in foreign currency rate	0
Balance as of March 31, 2016	9,962,000
Consumer
Changes in goodwill
Balance as of December 31, 2015	1,618,000
Effect of change in foreign currency rate	107,000
Balance as of March 31, 2016	$ 1,725,000

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INTANGIBLE ASSETS (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount of finite and indefinite lived intangible assets	$ 54,602	$ 54,148
Accumulated Amortization	(27,434)	(25,904)
Net carrying amount of finite and indefinite lived intangible assets	27,168	28,244
Total	16,561
Tradename
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Indefinite-lived intangible assets (excluding goodwill)	10,600
Tradename/trademark
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount of finite and indefinite lived intangible assets	12,471	12,442
Accumulated Amortization	(1,358)	(1,271)
Net carrying amount of finite and indefinite lived intangible assets	11,113	11,171
Core technology
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount of finite-lived intangible assets	15,397	15,149
Accumulated Amortization	(8,505)	(7,817)
Total	6,892	7,332
Customer relationships
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount of finite-lived intangible assets	26,422	26,245
Accumulated Amortization	(17,348)	(16,603)
Total	9,074	9,642
Website
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount of finite-lived intangible assets	12	12
Accumulated Amortization	(12)	(12)
Total	0	0
Patents
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount of finite-lived intangible assets	300	300
Accumulated Amortization	(211)	(201)
Total	$ 89	$ 99

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INTANGIBLE ASSETS, Amortization Expense for the Long-lived Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortization of intangible assets	$ 1,303	$ 1,327
Cost of product revenue
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortization of intangible assets	48	79
Cost of subscription and service revenue
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortization of intangible assets	98	67
Cost of revenue
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortization of intangible assets	146	146
Sales and marketing
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortization of intangible assets	715	725
Research and development
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortization of intangible assets	442	456
General and administrative
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortization of intangible assets	0	0
Operating expense
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortization of intangible assets	$ 1,157	$ 1,181

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INTANGIBLE ASSETS, Future Amortization Expense (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2016 USD ($)
Summary of the estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets
2016-remaining	$ 3,423
2017	4,245
2018	3,651
2019	1,532
2020	1,282
Thereafter	2,428
Total	$ 16,561

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OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]
Accrued marketing expenses	$ 16,211	$ 20,022
Accrued professional and consulting fees	1,918	1,746
Sales return reserve	2,104	3,728
Sales, withholding and property taxes payable	3,702	3,879
Other	3,465	5,943
Total other current liabilities	$ 27,400	$ 35,318

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FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS, Line of credit (Details) - USD ($)		3 Months Ended
	Mar. 14, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015	Oct. 28, 2014
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Capital lease obligations incurred		$ 27,000	$ 0
Line of Credit | Revolving Credit Facility
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Revolving credit loan		13,500,000		$ 25,000,000
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity, accounts receivable collateral basis	80.00%
Line of credit facility, maximum conditional borrowing capacity	$ 5,000,000
Line of credit facility, minimum cash and availability balance	$ 17,500,000
Variable rate	1.00%
Line of credit outstanding		$ 0
Line of Credit | Letter of Credit
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Revolving credit loan	$ 4,000,000
Parent Company and Guarantor Subsidiaries | United States | Line of Credit | Revolving Credit Facility
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Ownership stock pledged as collateral, percentage				100.00%
Parent Company and Guarantor Subsidiaries | Foreign Subsidiaries | Line of Credit | Revolving Credit Facility
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Ownership stock pledged as collateral, percentage				66.00%

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FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS, Capital Lease (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Leases [Abstract]
2016-remaining	$ 391
2017	670
2018	518
2019	515
2020	510
Thereafter	887
Total minimum lease payments	3,491
Less amount representing interest	462
Present value of net minimum lease payments	3,029
Less current portion	546	$ 521
Obligations under capital lease, long-term	$ 2,483	$ 2,622

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INCOME TAXES (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2015
Income Tax Examination [Line Items]
Deferred tax assets, valuation allowance analysis, period	3 years
Loss carryforward period, U.S. federal and most state jurisdictions	20 years
Deferred tax assets, valuation allowance	$ 0
Unrecognized tax benefits	0		$ 0
Income tax expense	449,000	$ 192,000
Domestic Tax Authority
Income Tax Examination [Line Items]
Gross deferred tax liabilities	5,100,000		4,800,000
Foreign Tax Authority
Income Tax Examination [Line Items]
Deferred tax liabilities, net	$ 100,000		$ 200,000

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STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (Details) - USD ($)							3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 12, 2015	May. 20, 2014	May. 23, 2013	May. 23, 2012	May. 26, 2011	May. 28, 2008	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Feb. 27, 2009	Dec. 31, 2008	Jan. 04, 2006
Additional information
Expiration period							10 years
2009 Plan
Stock-based compensation
Number of shares authorized for grant									2,437,744
Number of additional shares authorized for grant	1,200,000	500,000	2,317,000	1,122,930	1,000,000
Shares available for future grant under plan							2,358,514
2009 Plan | Maximum
Additional information
Expiration period							10 years
Restricted stock units
Stock-based compensation
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Non-Option Equity Instruments, Granted							0
Additional information
Vesting period							1 year
Stock options
Options Outstanding
Options Outstanding at the beginning of the period (in shares)							1,837,165
Options granted (in shares)							391,939
Options exercised (in shares)							(7,117)
Options cancelled (in shares)							(67,749)
Options Outstanding at the end of the period (in shares)							2,154,238	1,837,165
Vested and expected to vest at the end of the period (in shares)							1,966,909
Exercisable at the end of the period (in shares)							1,269,498
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Options Outstanding at the beginning of the period (in dollars per share)							$ 10.58
Options granted (in dollars per share)							7.46
Options exercised (in dollars per share)							4.09
Options cancelled (in dollars per share)							11.59
Options Outstanding at the end of the period (in dollars per share)							10.01	$ 10.58
Vested and expected to vest at the end of the period (in dollars per share)							10.16
Exercisable at the end of the period (in dollars per share)							$ 10.49
Weighted Average Contractual Life (years)
Options Outstanding at balance sheet date							7 years 10 months 28 days	7 years 8 months 12 days
Vested and expected to vest at the end of the period							7 years 8 months 27 days
Exercisable at the end of the period							7 years 1 month 13 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Options Outstanding at balance sheet date							$ 112,622	$ 130,262
Vested and expected to vest at the end of the period							112,622
Exercisable at the end of the period							112,622
Additional information
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to non-vested stock option awards							$ 4,900,000
Weighted-average period over which unrecognized stock-based compensation cost expected to be recognized							2 years 11 months 1 day
Vesting period							4 years
Stock options | 2006 Plan
Stock-based compensation
Number of shares authorized for grant										2,137,200	1,942,200
Number of additional shares authorized for grant						195,000
Stock options | 2006 Plan | Maximum
Additional information
Expiration period							10 years

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STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION, Weighted Average Assumption (Details) - Stock options	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Stock-based compensation
Expected term of options	6 years	6 years
Expected dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%
Expected stock price volatility Minimum	46.10%	62.60%
Expected stock price volatility Maximum	47.00%	63.10%
Risk-free interest rate Minimum	1.24%	1.19%
Risk-free interest rate Maximum	1.50%	1.57%

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STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION, Stock-based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Share based compensation expense	$ 421	$ 1,287
Cost of product revenue
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Share based compensation expense	1	22
Cost of subscription and service revenue
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Share based compensation expense	(17)	11
Total included in cost of revenue
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Share based compensation expense	(16)	33
Sales and marketing
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Share based compensation expense	79	361
Research and development
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Share based compensation expense	(119)	140
General and administrative
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Share based compensation expense	477	753
Total included in operating expenses
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Share based compensation expense	$ 437	$ 1,254

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STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (Details 2) - Restricted stock awards - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Nonvested Outstanding
Nonvested Awards at the beginning of the period (in shares)	341,579
Awards granted (in shares)	143,655
Awards vested (in shares)	(75,511)
Awards cancelled (in shares)	(11,972)
Nonvested Awards at the end of the period (in shares)	397,751
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested Awards at the beginning of the period (in dollars per share)	$ 10.61
Awards granted (in dollars per share)	7.46
Awards vested (in dollars per share)	10.62
Awards cancelled (in dollars per share)	11.37
Nonvested Awards at the end of the period (in dollars per share)	$ 9.45
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Nonvested Awards at the end of the period	$ 3,757,554	$ 3,624,153
Additional information
Period over which future compensation cost expected to be recognized	2 years 6 months 15 days
Vesting period	4 years
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to non-vested stock option awards	$ 3,500,000

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STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (Details 3) - Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Units Outstanding
Units Outstanding at the balance sheet date (in shares)	187,942
Units granted (in shares)	0
Units exercised (in shares)	(20,201)
Awards cancelled (in shares)	(5,589)
Units Outstanding at the balance sheet date (in shares)	162,152
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Units Outstanding at the balance sheet date (in dollars per share)	$ 11.16
Units granted (in dollars per share)	0.00
Units exercised (in dollars per share)	10.77
Units cancelled (in dollars per share)	8.50
Units Outstanding at the balance sheet date (in dollars per share)	$ 11.30
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Units Outstanding at balance sheet date (in dollars per share)	$ 1,088,040	$ 1,088,040	$ 1,257,332
Units, granted, intrinsic value (in dollars per share)	$ 0
Units Outstanding at balance sheet date (in dollars per share)	$ 1,088,040
Additional information
Vested and expected to vest at March 31, 2016, units outstanding (in shares)		123,674
Vested and deferred at March 31, 2016, units outstanding (in shares)		110,973
Vested and expected to vest at March 31, 2016, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)		$ 8.50
Vested and deferred at March 31, 2016, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)		$ 12.60
Vested and expected to vest at March 31, 2016, aggregate intrinsic value		$ 85,226
Vested and deferred at March 31, 2016, aggregate intrinsic value		$ 744,629

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2013	Aug. 22, 2013	Jun. 11, 2013	May. 08, 2013
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]
Number of shares authorized to be issued	200,000,000
Common stock
Common stock, shares authorized	190,000,000	190,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.00005	$ 0.00005
Common stock, shares issued	23,308,635	23,150,000
Common stock, shares outstanding	22,308,635	22,150,000
Preferred stock
Preferred stock, shares authorized	10,000,000	10,000,000
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Shelf Registration Statement, number of shares sold						3,490,000
Shelf Registration Statement, offering price (per share)						$ 16.00
Shelf Registration Statement, amount							$ 150,000,000.0
Shelf Registration Statement, additional number of shares issued and sold						10,000
Share repurchase program
Share repurchase program, authorized amount					$ 25,000,000
Stock repurchased during the year, value				$ 11,400,000
Shares repurchased under the share repurchase program	0	0	0	1,000,000.0
Stock repurchased during the year, cost per share				$ 11.44

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RESTRUCTURING, Restructuring Reserve (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		15 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015	Mar. 31, 2016
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Cost Incurred	$ 2,509	$ 6,259
Incurred through March 31, 2016			$ 11,300
Severance costs
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Cost Incurred	2,253	6,013
Incurred through March 31, 2016			9,493
Contract termination costs
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Cost Incurred	0	0
Incurred through March 31, 2016			1,134
Other costs
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Cost Incurred	256	246
Incurred through March 31, 2016			673
Accrued Compensation and Other Current Liabilities
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Ending Balance	2,200		2,200
Cost of revenue
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Cost Incurred	95	37
Sales and marketing
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Cost Incurred	1,485	3,124
Research and development
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Cost Incurred	349	604
General and administrative
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Cost Incurred	580	$ 2,494
2016 Restructuring Plan
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	0
Cost Incurred	2,405
Cash Payments	(369)
Other Adjustments	0
2016 Restructuring Plan | Severance costs
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	0
Cost Incurred	2,149
Cash Payments	(369)
Other Adjustments	0
Ending Balance	1,780		1,780
2016 Restructuring Plan | Other costs
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	0
Cost Incurred	256
Cash Payments	0
Other Adjustments	0
Ending Balance	256		256
2016 Restructuring Plan | Accrued Compensation and Other Current Liabilities
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Ending Balance	2,036		2,036
2015 Restructuring Plan
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	252
Cost Incurred	104
Cash Payments	(238)
Other Adjustments	0
2015 Restructuring Plan | Severance costs
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	252
Cost Incurred	104
Cash Payments	(238)
Other Adjustments	0
Ending Balance	118		118
2015 Restructuring Plan | Contract termination costs
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	0
Cost Incurred	0
Cash Payments	0
Other Adjustments	0
Ending Balance	0		0
2015 Restructuring Plan | Other costs
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	0
Cost Incurred	0
Cash Payments	0
Other Adjustments	0
Ending Balance	0		0
2015 Restructuring Plan | Accrued Compensation and Other Current Liabilities
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Ending Balance	$ 118		$ 118

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LEASE ABANDONMENT AND TERMINATION LEASE ABANDONMENT AND TERMINATION (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015	Mar. 31, 2014	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Costs incurred and charged to expense	$ 2,509	$ 6,259
Facility Closing
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	1,281	1,679
Costs incurred and charged to expense	0	0
Principal reductions	(110)	(129)
Ending Balance	1,171	1,550
Short-term				$ 443	$ 462
Long-term				728	1,088
Accrued lease abandonment costs liability	$ 1,281	$ 1,679		$ 1,171	$ 1,550
Facility Closing | VIRGINIA
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Costs incurred and charged to expense			$ 3,200

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COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Future minimum operating lease payments
2016-remaining		$ 4,007
2017		4,366
2018		3,829
2019		1,253
2020		962
Thereafter		589
Total		15,006
Rent
Rent expense		$ 1,100	$ 1,400
Litigation settlement, amount	$ 400
Building, warehouse and office space | Minimum
Commitments and contingencies
Lease period		12 months
Building, warehouse and office space | Maximum
Commitments and contingencies
Lease period		74 months

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SEGMENT INFORMATION, Operating Results by Segment (Details)	1 Months Ended	2 Months Ended		3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016 segment	Feb. 29, 2016 segment	Feb. 28, 2015 segment	Mar. 31, 2016 USD ($) segment	Mar. 31, 2015 USD ($)
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue				$ 48,002,000	$ 58,442,000
Unallocated expenses, net:
Unallocated cost of sales				8,048,000	11,302,000
Unallocated sales and marketing				30,793,000	40,150,000
Unallocated research and development				6,571,000	8,972,000
Unallocated general and administrative				10,777,000	15,754,000
Unallocated non-operating expense/(income)				(1,129,000)	1,665,000
Unallocated impairment				0	291,000
Loss from operations				(8,187,000)	(18,027,000)
Loss before income taxes				$ (7,058,000)	(19,692,000)
Number of operating Segments | segment	3	2
Number of reporting segments | segment			2	3
Operating segments
Unallocated expenses, net:
Loss from operations				$ 12,087,000	11,392,000
Operating segments | Enterprise & Education Language
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue				18,331,000	18,998,000
Unallocated expenses, net:
Loss from operations				6,100,000	4,195,000
Operating segments | Literacy
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue				7,577,000	4,170,000
Unallocated expenses, net:
Loss from operations				1,038,000	(124,000)
Operating segments | Consumer
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue				22,094,000	35,274,000
Unallocated expenses, net:
Loss from operations				4,949,000	7,321,000
Segment Reconciling Items
Unallocated expenses, net:
Unallocated cost of sales				1,021,000	662,000
Unallocated sales and marketing				2,547,000	4,500,000
Unallocated research and development				6,571,000	8,972,000
Unallocated general and administrative				10,135,000	14,994,000
Unallocated non-operating expense/(income)				(1,129,000)	1,665,000
Unallocated impairment				0	291,000
Unallocated lease abandonment expense				0	0
Loss from operations				$ (19,145,000)	$ (31,084,000)

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SEGMENT INFORMATION (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2015
Geographic Information
Total revenue	$ 48,002	$ 58,442
Long-lived assets	23,269		$ 22,532
Language learning
Geographic Information
Total revenue	39,227	53,165
Literacy
Geographic Information
Total revenue	7,577	4,170
Brain fitness
Geographic Information
Total revenue	1,198	1,107
United States
Geographic Information
Total revenue	39,795	46,189
Long-lived assets	19,460		18,704
International
Geographic Information
Total revenue	8,207	$ 12,253
Long-lived assets	$ 3,809		$ 3,828