0000919574-11-005450.txt : 20120328 0000919574-11-005450.hdr.sgml : 20120328 20110926211040 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0000919574-11-005450 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: F-3 PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 10 FILED AS OF DATE: 20110927 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20120217 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: EUROSEAS LTD. CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001341170 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: DEEP SEA FOREIGN TRANSPORTATION OF FREIGHT [4412] IRS NUMBER: 000000000 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: F-3 SEC ACT: 1933 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 333-177014 FILM NUMBER: 111108222 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 4 MESSOGIOU & EVROPIS STREET CITY: 151 25 MAROUSSI STATE: J3 ZIP: 00000 BUSINESS PHONE: 011 30 210 6105110 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 4 MESSOGIOU & EVROPIS STREET CITY: 151 25 MAROUSSI STATE: J3 ZIP: 00000 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: AGGELIKI SHIPPING LTD CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001527145 IRS NUMBER: 000000000 STATE OF INCORPORATION: N0 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: F-3 SEC ACT: 1933 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 333-177014-16 FILM NUMBER: 111108238 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 4 MESSOGIOU & EVROPIS STREET CITY: 151 25 MAROUSSI STATE: J3 ZIP: 00000 BUSINESS PHONE: 011 30 210 6105110 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 4 MESSOGIOU & EVROPIS STREET CITY: 151 25 MAROUSSI STATE: J3 ZIP: 00000 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: ALLENDALE INVESTMENTS S.A. CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001527146 IRS NUMBER: 000000000 STATE OF INCORPORATION: R1 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: F-3 SEC ACT: 1933 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 333-177014-15 FILM NUMBER: 111108237 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 4 MESSOGIOU & EVROPIS STREET CITY: 151 25 MAROUSSI STATE: J3 ZIP: 00000 BUSINESS PHONE: 011 30 210 6105110 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 4 MESSOGIOU & EVROPIS STREET CITY: 151 25 MAROUSSI STATE: J3 ZIP: 00000 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: ALTERWALL BUSINESS INC. CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001527149 IRS NUMBER: 000000000 STATE OF INCORPORATION: R1 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: F-3 SEC ACT: 1933 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 333-177014-14 FILM NUMBER: 111108236 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 4 MESSOGIOU & EVROPIS STREET CITY: 151 25 MAROUSSI STATE: J3 ZIP: 00000 BUSINESS PHONE: 011 30 210 6105110 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 4 MESSOGIOU & EVROPIS STREET CITY: 151 25 MAROUSSI STATE: J3 ZIP: 00000 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: DIANA TRADING LTD. CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001527150 IRS NUMBER: 000000000 STATE OF INCORPORATION: 1T FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: F-3 SEC ACT: 1933 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 333-177014-13 FILM NUMBER: 111108235 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 4 MESSOGIOU & EVROPIS STREET CITY: 151 25 MAROUSSI STATE: J3 ZIP: 00000 BUSINESS PHONE: 011 30 210 6105110 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 4 MESSOGIOU & EVROPIS STREET CITY: 151 25 MAROUSSI STATE: J3 ZIP: 00000 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: ELENI SHIPPING LTD CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001527151 IRS NUMBER: 000000000 STATE OF INCORPORATION: N0 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: F-3 SEC ACT: 1933 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 333-177014-12 FILM NUMBER: 111108234 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 4 MESSOGIOU & EVROPIS STREET CITY: 151 25 MAROUSSI STATE: J3 ZIP: 00000 BUSINESS PHONE: 011 30 210 6105110 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 4 MESSOGIOU & EVROPIS STREET CITY: 151 25 MAROUSSI STATE: J3 ZIP: 00000 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: EMMENTALY BUSINESS INC. CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001527152 IRS NUMBER: 000000000 STATE OF INCORPORATION: R1 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: F-3 SEC ACT: 1933 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 333-177014-11 FILM NUMBER: 111108233 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 4 MESSOGIOU & EVROPIS STREET CITY: 151 25 MAROUSSI STATE: J3 ZIP: 00000 BUSINESS PHONE: 011 30 210 6105110 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 4 MESSOGIOU & EVROPIS STREET CITY: 151 25 MAROUSSI STATE: J3 ZIP: 00000 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: ETERNITY SHIPPING CO CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001527171 IRS NUMBER: 000000000 STATE OF INCORPORATION: 1T FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: F-3 SEC ACT: 1933 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 333-177014-10 FILM NUMBER: 111108232 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 4 MESSOGIOU & EVROPIS STREET CITY: 151 25 MAROUSSI STATE: J3 ZIP: 00000 BUSINESS PHONE: 011 30 210 6105110 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 4 MESSOGIOU & EVROPIS STREET CITY: 151 25 MAROUSSI STATE: J3 ZIP: 00000 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: MANOLIS SHIPPING LTD CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001527172 IRS NUMBER: 000000000 STATE OF INCORPORATION: 1T FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: F-3 SEC ACT: 1933 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 333-177014-09 FILM NUMBER: 111108231 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 4 MESSOGIOU & EVROPIS STREET CITY: 151 25 MAROUSSI STATE: J3 ZIP: 00000 BUSINESS PHONE: 011 30 210 6105110 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 4 MESSOGIOU & EVROPIS STREET CITY: 151 25 MAROUSSI STATE: J3 ZIP: 00000 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: NOUMEA SHIPPING LTD CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001527173 IRS NUMBER: 000000000 STATE OF INCORPORATION: N0 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: F-3 SEC ACT: 1933 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 333-177014-08 FILM NUMBER: 111108230 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 4 MESSOGIOU & EVROPIS STREET CITY: 151 25 MAROUSSI STATE: J3 ZIP: 00000 BUSINESS PHONE: 011 30 210 6105110 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 4 MESSOGIOU & EVROPIS STREET CITY: 151 25 MAROUSSI STATE: J3 ZIP: 00000 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: PANTELIS SHIPPING LTD CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001527174 IRS NUMBER: 000000000 STATE OF INCORPORATION: N0 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: F-3 SEC ACT: 1933 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 333-177014-07 FILM NUMBER: 111108229 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 4 MESSOGIOU & EVROPIS STREET CITY: 151 25 MAROUSSI STATE: J3 ZIP: 00000 BUSINESS PHONE: 011 30 210 6105110 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 4 MESSOGIOU & EVROPIS STREET CITY: 151 25 MAROUSSI STATE: J3 ZIP: 00000 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: PILORY ASSOCIATES CORP. CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001527175 IRS NUMBER: 000000000 STATE OF INCORPORATION: R1 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: F-3 SEC ACT: 1933 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 333-177014-06 FILM NUMBER: 111108228 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 4 MESSOGIOU & EVROPIS STREET CITY: 151 25 MAROUSSI STATE: J3 ZIP: 00000 BUSINESS PHONE: 011 30 210 6105110 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 4 MESSOGIOU & EVROPIS STREET CITY: 151 25 MAROUSSI STATE: J3 ZIP: 00000 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: PROSPERO MARITIME INC. CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001527176 IRS NUMBER: 000000000 STATE OF INCORPORATION: 1T FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: F-3 SEC ACT: 1933 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 333-177014-05 FILM NUMBER: 111108227 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 4 MESSOGIOU & EVROPIS STREET CITY: 151 25 MAROUSSI STATE: J3 ZIP: 00000 BUSINESS PHONE: 011 30 210 6105110 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 4 MESSOGIOU & EVROPIS STREET CITY: 151 25 MAROUSSI STATE: J3 ZIP: 00000 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: SAF-CONCORD SHIPPING LTD CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001527178 IRS NUMBER: 000000000 STATE OF INCORPORATION: N0 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: F-3 SEC ACT: 1933 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 333-177014-04 FILM NUMBER: 111108226 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 4 MESSOGIOU & EVROPIS STREET CITY: 151 25 MAROUSSI STATE: J3 ZIP: 00000 BUSINESS PHONE: 011 30 210 6105110 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 4 MESSOGIOU & EVROPIS STREET CITY: 151 25 MAROUSSI STATE: J3 ZIP: 00000 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: TIGER NAVIGATION CORP. CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001527179 IRS NUMBER: 000000000 STATE OF INCORPORATION: 1T FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: F-3 SEC ACT: 1933 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 333-177014-03 FILM NUMBER: 111108225 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 4 MESSOGIOU & EVROPIS STREET CITY: 151 25 MAROUSSI STATE: J3 ZIP: 00000 BUSINESS PHONE: 011 30 210 6105110 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 4 MESSOGIOU & EVROPIS STREET CITY: 151 25 MAROUSSI STATE: J3 ZIP: 00000 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: XENIA INTERNATIONAL CORP. CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001527180 IRS NUMBER: 000000000 STATE OF INCORPORATION: 1T FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: F-3 SEC ACT: 1933 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 333-177014-02 FILM NUMBER: 111108224 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 4 MESSOGIOU & EVROPIS STREET CITY: 151 25 MAROUSSI STATE: J3 ZIP: 00000 BUSINESS PHONE: 011 30 210 6105110 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 4 MESSOGIOU & EVROPIS STREET CITY: 151 25 MAROUSSI STATE: J3 ZIP: 00000 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: XINGANG SHIPPING LTD CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001527181 IRS NUMBER: 000000000 STATE OF INCORPORATION: N0 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: F-3 SEC ACT: 1933 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 333-177014-01 FILM NUMBER: 111108223 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 4 MESSOGIOU & EVROPIS STREET CITY: 151 25 MAROUSSI STATE: J3 ZIP: 00000 BUSINESS PHONE: 011 30 210 6105110 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 4 MESSOGIOU & EVROPIS STREET CITY: 151 25 MAROUSSI STATE: J3 ZIP: 00000 F-3 1 d1229589_f-3.htm d1229589_f-3.htm
As filed with the Securities Exchange Commission on September 26, 2011

Registration Statement No. 333 –
 
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

     
FORM F-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

     
EUROSEAS LTD.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 
 Republic of the Marshall Islands
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
   N/A
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
 
Euroseas Ltd.
4 Messogiou & Evropis Street
151 25 Maroussi, Greece
001 30 211 1804005
(Address and telephone number of Registrant's principal executive offices)
 
Seward & Kissel LLP
Attention:  Lawrence Rutkowski, Esq.
One Battery Park Plaza
New York, New York 10004
(212) 574-1200
(Name, address and telephone number of agent for service)


     
Copies to:

 
Lawrence Rutkowski, Esq.
Seward & Kissel LLP
One Battery Park Plaza
New York, New York 10004
(212) 574-1200
 
     
     

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:  From time to time after this registration statement becomes effective as determined by market conditions and other factors.
 
If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. o

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. x

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o

If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.C. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. o

If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.C. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. o

 
 

 
 


CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

Title of Each Class of Securities to be Registered
 
Amount to be Registered (1)
   
Proposed Maximum Offering Price Per Security
   
Proposed Maximum Aggregate Offering Price (2)
   
Amount of Registration Fee
 
Primary Offering
                       
Common Shares, par value $ 0.03 per share
                       
Preferred Shares, par value $ 0.01 per share (3)
                       
Debt Securities (4)
                       
Guarantees (5)
                       
Warrants (6)
                       
Purchase Contracts (7)
                       
Units (8)
                       
Primary Offering Total
              $ 400,000,000     $  46,440  
Secondary Offering
                           
Common Shares, par value $ 0.03 per share to be offered by certain selling shareholders
    11,249,677   $    2.925 (9)    32,905,306 (9)   $ 3,821 (10)
Secondary Offering Total
                   32,905,306     $ 3,821  
TOTAL
                  $ 432,905,306     $ 50,261  

(1)
Such amount in U.S. dollars or the equivalent thereof in foreign currencies as shall result in an aggregate public offering price of $400,000,000 for all securities sold by Euroseas Ltd. pursuant to this registration statement.  Also includes such indeterminate amount of debt securities and number of preferred shares and common shares as may be issued upon conversion of or in exchange for any other debt securities or preferred shares that provide for conversion or exchange into other securities.
(2)
Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act of 1933.  Pursuant to General Instruction II(C) of Form F-3, the table does not specify by each class information as to the proposed maximum aggregate offering price.  Any securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or as units with other securities registered hereunder.  In no event will the aggregate offering price of all securities sold by Euroseas Ltd. pursuant to this registration statement exceed $400,000,000.
(3)
There is being registered hereunder an indeterminate number of preferred shares as may from time to time be sold at indeterminate prices not to exceed the aggregate offering price of $400,000,000 for all securities sold by Euroseas Ltd. pursuant to this registration statement.
(4)
If any debt securities are issued at an original issue discount, then the offering may be in such greater principal amount as shall result in a maximum aggregate offering price not to exceed the aggregate offering price of $400,000,000 for all securities sold by Euroseas Ltd. pursuant to this registration statement.
(5)
The debt securities may be guaranteed pursuant to guarantees by the subsidiaries of Euroseas Ltd.  No separate compensation will be received for the guarantees.  Pursuant to Rule 457(n), no separate fees for the guarantees are payable.
(6)
There is being registered hereunder an indeterminate number of warrants as may from time to time be sold at indeterminate prices not to exceed the aggregate offering price of $400,000,000 for all securities sold by Euroseas Ltd. pursuant to this registration statement.

 
 

 

(7)
There is being registered hereunder an indeterminate number of purchase contracts as may from time to time be sold at indeterminate prices not to exceed the aggregate offering price of $400,000,000 for all securities sold by Euroseas Ltd. pursuant to this registration statement.
(8)
There is being registered hereunder an indeterminate number of units as may from time to time be sold at indeterminate prices not to exceed the aggregate offering price of $400,000,000 for all securities sold by Euroseas Ltd. pursuant to this registration statement.  Units may consist of any combination of the securities registered hereunder.
(9)
Pursuant to Rule 457(c), the offering price and registration fee are computed on the average of the high and low prices for the common stock on the NASDAQ Global Select Market on September 22, 2011.
(10)
Determined in accordance with Section 6(b) of the Securities Act to be $3,821, which is equal to .00011610 multiplied by the proposed maximum aggregate offering price of $32,905,306.
 
 
 
The Registrants hereby amend this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrants shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
 
 

 
 
 

 

TABLE OF ADDITIONAL REGISTRANTS
 
 
 
Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter
Country of Incorporation or Organization
I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.
Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code No.
 
 
 
 
Aggeliki Shipping Ltd
Liberia
N/A
4412
Allendale Investments S.A.
Panama
N/A
4412
Alterwall Business Inc.
Panama
N/A
4412
Diana Trading Ltd.
Marshall Islands
N/A
4412
Eleni Shipping Limited
Liberia
N/A
4412
Emmentaly Business Inc.
Panama
N/A
4412
Eternity Shipping Company
Marshall Islands
N/A
4412
Manolis Shipping Limited
Marshall Islands
N/A
4412
Noumea Shipping Ltd
Liberia
N/A
4412
Pantelis Shipping Limited
Liberia
N/A
4412
Pilory Associates Corp.
Panama
N/A
4412
Prospero Maritime Inc.
Marshall Islands
N/A
4412
Saf-Concord Shipping Ltd
Liberia
N/A
4412
Tiger Navigation Corp.
Marshall Islands
N/A
4412
Xenia International Corp.
Marshall Islands
N/A
4412
Xingang Shipping Ltd
Liberia
N/A
4412

 
 

 
 


PROSPECTUS (subject to completion dated September 26, 2011)
 

 
$400,000,000
 
Common Shares, Preferred Shares, Debt Securities,
Warrants, Purchase Contracts and Units

Up to 11,249,677 of our Common Shares
Offered by Selling Shareholders
 

 
 
Through this prospectus, we may periodically offer:
 
 
(1)
our common shares,
 
(2)
our preferred shares,
 
(3)
our debt securities, which may be guaranteed by one or more of our subsidiaries,
 
(4)
our warrants,
 
(5)
our purchase contracts, and
 
(6)
our units

We may also offer securities of the types listed above that are convertible or exchangeable into one or more of the securities listed above.
 
In addition, the selling shareholders named in the section "Selling Shareholders" may sell in one or more offerings pursuant to this registration statement up to 11,249,677 of our common shares that were previously acquired in private transactions or in the open market. We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of our common shares by the Selling Shareholders.
 
The prices and other terms of the securities that we will offer will be determined at the time of their offering and will be described in a supplement to this prospectus.
 
Our common shares are currently listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol "ESEA". On September 23, 2011, the last reported sale price of our common shares was $2.99 per share.
 
The securities issued under this prospectus may be offered directly or through underwriters, agents or dealers.  The names of any underwriters, agents or dealers will be included in a supplement to this prospectus.
 
An investment in these securities involves risks.  See the section entitled "Risk Factors" beginning on page 9, and other risk factors contained in the applicable prospectus supplement and in the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein.
 
NEITHER THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION NOR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION HAS APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED OF THESE SECURITIES OR PASSED UPON THE ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
 
The date of this prospectus is                    , 2011.
 
 
 
The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy or sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective.
 
 
 

 
 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
ii
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
1
RISK FACTORS
7
PRICE RANGE OF COMMON STOCK
8
USE OF PROCEEDS
9
RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES
10
SELLING SHAREHOLDERS
11
OUR CAPITALIZATION
12
DIVIDEND POLICY
13
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
14
ENFORCEABILITY OF CIVIL LIABILITIES
16
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
17
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED SHARES
25
DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS
26
DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES
27
DESCRIPTION OF PURCHASE CONTRACTS
37
DESCRIPTION OF UNITS
38
TAX CONSIDERATIONS
39
EXPENSES
49
EXPERTS
49
LEGAL MATTERS
49
WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
49
GLOSSARY OF SHIPPING TERMS
52


 

 
i

 

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
 
Euroseas Ltd., or the Company, desires to take advantage of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and is including this cautionary statement in connection with this safe harbor legislation.  This prospectus contains forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements include information about possible or assumed future results of our operations or our performance. Words such as "expects," "intends," "plans," "believes," "anticipates," "estimates," and variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify the forward-looking statements. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, no assurance can be given that such expectations will prove to have been correct. These statements involve known and unknown risks and are based upon a number of assumptions and estimates which are inherently subject to significant uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control. Actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding:
 
 
·
our future operating or financial results;
 
 
·
future, pending or recent acquisitions, joint ventures, business strategy, areas of possible expansion, and expected capital spending or operating expenses;
 
 
·
drybulk and container shipping industry trends, including charter rates and factors affecting vessel supply and demand;
 
 
·
our financial condition and liquidity, including our ability to obtain additional financing in the future to fund capital expenditures, acquisitions and other general corporate activities;
 
 
·
availability of crew, number of off-hire days, drydocking requirements and insurance costs;
 
 
·
our expectations about the availability of vessels to purchase or the useful lives of our vessels;
 
 
·
our expectations relating to dividend payments and our ability to make such payments;
 
 
·
our ability to leverage to our advantage our manager's relationships and reputations in the drybulk and container shipping industry;
 
 
·
changes in seaborne and other transportation patterns;
 
 
·
changes in governmental rules and regulations or actions taken by regulatory authorities;
 
 
·
potential liability from future litigation;
 
 
·
global and regional political conditions;
 
 
·
acts of terrorism and other hostilities, including piracy; and
 
 
·
other factors discussed in the section titled "Risk Factors."
     
 
ii

 

WE CAUTION READERS OF THIS PROSPECTUS AND ANY PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT NOT TO PLACE UNDUE RELIANCE ON THESE FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS, WHICH SPEAK ONLY AS OF THEIR DATES.  WE UNDERTAKE NO OBLIGATION TO PUBLICLY UPDATE OR REVISE ANY FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS CONTAINED IN THIS PROSPECTUS OR ANY PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENTS, OR THE DOCUMENTS TO WHICH WE REFER YOU IN THIS PROSPECTUS OR ANY PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT, TO REFLECT ANY CHANGE IN OUR EXPECTATIONS WITH RESPECT TO SUCH STATEMENTS OR ANY CHANGE IN EVENTS, CONDITIONS OR CIRCUMSTANCES ON WHICH ANY STATEMENT IS BASED.  THESE FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS ARE NOT GUARANTEES OF OUR FUTURE PERFORMANCE, AND ACTUAL RESULTS AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS MAY VARY MATERIALLY FROM THOSE PROJECTED IN THE FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS.
 

 
iii

 

Unless otherwise indicated, all references to "dollars" and "$" in this prospectus are to United States dollars and financial information presented in this prospectus that is derived from financial statements incorporated by reference is prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.
 
This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or the Commission, using a shelf registration process.  Under the shelf registration process, we may sell the common shares, preferred shares, debt securities and related guarantees, warrants, purchase contracts and units described in this prospectus in one or more offerings up to a total dollar amount of $400,000,000. In addition, the Selling Shareholders may sell in one or more offerings pursuant to this registration statement up to 11,249,677 of our common shares that were previously acquired in private transactions or in the open market.  This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we or the Selling Shareholders may offer.  Each time we or the Selling Shareholders offers securities, we may provide you with a supplement to this prospectus that will describe the specific information about the securities being offered and the specific terms of that offering.  The prospectus supplement may also add, update or change the information contained in this prospectus.  If there is any inconsistency between the information in this prospectus and any prospectus supplement, you should rely on the prospectus supplement. Before purchasing any securities, you should read carefully both this prospectus and any prospectus supplement, together with the additional information described below.
 
This prospectus does not contain all the information provided in the registration statement that we filed with the Commission.  For further information about us or the securities offered hereby, you should refer to the registration statement, which you can obtain from the Commission as described below under "Where You Can Find Additional Information."
 
You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and in any prospectus supplement.  We have not authorized any other person to provide you with different information.  If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it.  We will not make any offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.  You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus and the applicable supplement to this prospectus is accurate as of the date on its respective cover, and that any information incorporated by reference is accurate only as of the date of the document incorporated by reference, unless we indicate otherwise.  Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.
 
iv

 

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
 
This section summarizes some of the information and consolidated financial statements that appear later in this prospectus. As an investor or prospective investor, you should review carefully the risk factors and the more detailed information and financial statements that appear later in this prospectus. In this prospectus, references to "Euroseas," "Company," "we," "our," "ours" and "us" refer to Euroseas Ltd., and its subsidiaries, unless otherwise stated or the context requires.
 
We use the term "deadweight tons," or dwt, in describing the capacity of our drybulk carriers. Dwt, expressed in metric tons, each of which is equivalent to 1,000 kilograms, refers to the maximum weight of cargo and supplies that a vessel can carry. We use the term "twenty foot equivalent unit," or teu, the international standard measure of containers, in describing the capacity of our containerships. For the definition of certain shipping terms used in this prospectus, see the "Glossary of Shipping Terms" on page 54 of this prospectus.
 
Our Company
 
 
We are a Marshall Islands company incorporated in May 2005.  We are a provider of worldwide ocean-going transportation services. We own and operate drybulk carriers that transport major bulks such as iron ore, coal and grains, and minor bulks such as bauxite, phosphate and fertilizers. We also own and operate containerships and multipurpose vessels that transport dry and refrigerated containerized cargoes, mainly including manufactured products and perishables. As of September 23, 2011, our fleet consisted of five drybulk carriers (comprised of four Panamax drybulk carriers and one Handymax drybulk carrier), ten containerships and one multipurpose vessel. The total cargo carrying capacity of the five drybulk carriers is 331,308 dwt and of the ten containerships is 274,354 dwt and 17,787 teu.  Our multipurpose vessel can carry 22,568 dwt and/or 950 teu.
 
We actively manage the deployment of our fleet between spot market voyage charters, which generally last from several days to several weeks, and time charters, which can last up to several years.  Some of our vessels may participate in shipping pools, or, in some cases participate in contracts of affreightment.  As of September 23, 2011, one of our vessels participated in shipping pools. We also use FFA contracts as a substitute for time charters to provide partial coverage for our drybulk vessels in order to increase the predictability of our revenues.
 
Vessels operating on time charters provide more predictable cash flows but can yield lower profit margins than vessels operating in the spot market during periods characterized by favorable market conditions. Vessels operating in the spot market generate revenues that are less predictable but may enable us to achieve increased profit margins during periods of high vessel rates although we are exposed to the risk of declining vessel rates, which may have a materially adverse impact on our financial performance.  Vessels operating in pools benefit from better scheduling, and thus increased utilization, and better access to contracts of affreightment due to the larger commercial operation of the pool. We are constantly evaluating opportunities to increase the number of our vessels deployed on time charters or to participate in shipping pools (if available for our vessels), however we only expect to enter into additional time charters or shipping pools if we can obtain contract terms that satisfy our criteria.  Containerships are employed almost exclusively on time charter contracts.  We carefully evaluate the length and the rate of the time charter contract at the time of fixing or renewing a contract considering market conditions, trends and expectations. We intend to use the cash flow generated by our operations to pay down debt, maintain financial flexibility, finance future vessel acquisitions and provide an attractive dividend to our shareholders.
 
We constantly evaluate vessel purchase opportunities to expand our fleet accretive to our earnings and cash flow. Additionally, we will consider selling certain of our vessels when favorable sales opportunities present themselves. If, at the time of sale, the carrying value is less the sales price, we will realize a gain on sale, which will increase our earnings, but if, at the time of sale, the carrying value of a vessel is more than the sales price, we will realize a loss on sale, which will negatively impact our earnings.

 
1

 

Name
   
Type
     
Dwt
     
TEU
     
Year
Built
   
Employment(*)
   
Charter  Rate ($/day)
 
                                 
Drybulk Vessels
       
 
   
 
       
 
 
 
 
PANTELIS
 
Panamax
      74,020             2000  
Time Charter until Mar-12, then
Time Charter until' Feb-14, plus
1 Year Charterer's Option
 
$17,500, then
$11,200 plus 50/50 Profit Share,
then option at
$14,200
 
ELENI P
 
Panamax
      72,119             1997  
Time Charter until
Jan-13
  16,500  
IRINI
 
Panamax
      69,734             1988  
Time Charter until
Apr-13
  4,000  
ARISTIDES N.P.
 
Panamax
      69,268             1993  
Time Charter until
May-12
  $ 14,950  
MONICA P (**)
 
Handymax
      46,667             1998  
Bulkhandling Pool
       
Drybulk Total
    5       331,808                  
 
       
Multipurpose Dry Cargo Vessels
                               
 
       
TASMAN TRADER
 
Multipurpose
      22,568       950       1990  
Time Charter until
Mar-12
    9,000  
Container Carriers
                               
 
       
MAERSK NOUMEA
 
Intermediate
      34,677       2,556       2001  
Time Charter until
Jul-13
  15,750  
TIGER BRIDGE
 
Intermediate
      31,627       2,228       1990  
Time Charter until
Mar-12
   7,500  
AGGELIKI P
 
Intermediate
      30,360       2,008       1998  
Time Charter until
Feb-12
  12,500  
DESPINA P
 
Handysize
      33,667       1,932       1990  
Time Charter until
Jan-12
  8,500  
JONATHAN P
(ex- OEL INTEGRITY)
 
Handysize
      33,667       1,932       1990  
Time Charter until
Oct-11
  11,750  
CAPTAIN COSTAS
(ex-OEL TRANSWORLD)
 
Handysize
      30,007       1,742       1992  
Time Charter until
Oct-11
  10,250  
YM PORT KELANG (ex-MASTRO NICOS, ex- YM XINGANG I)
 
Handysize
      23,596       1,599       1993  
Time Charter until
Dec-11
  5,900  
MANOLIS P
 
Handysize
      20,346       1,452       1995  
Time Charter until
Feb-12
  10,500  
NINOS (ex YM
QINGDAO I)
 
Feeder
      18,253       1,169       1990  
Time Charter until
Jun-12
  11,200  
KUO HSIUNG
 
Feeder
      18,154       1,169       1993  
Time Charter until
Jun-12
  11,200  
Container Total
    10       274,354       17,787                    
Fleet Grand Total
    16       628,730       18,737                    
 
(*)      All dates listed are the earliest redelivery dates under each Time Charter excluding YM Port Kelang for which the latest redelivery is listed because it is chartered at a below market rate .
 
(**)   "Monica P" is employed in the Bulkhandling spot pool that is managed by Klaveness, a major global charterer in the drybulk sector. We have concluded a Forward Freight Agreement (FFA) option contract on the Panamax index for calendar year 2011 for a modern Panamax. Such a contract serves as an approximate hedge to "Monica P" for 2011 effectively locking in a rate between $16,500 and $23,500.

 
We plan to expand our fleet by investing in vessels in the drybulk, containership and multipurpose markets by targeting primarily mid-age vessels at the time of purchase under favorable market conditions. We also intend to take advantage of the cyclical nature of the market by buying and selling ships when we believe favorable opportunities exist.  We employ our vessels in the spot and time charter market, through pool arrangements and under contracts of affreightment.  As of September 23, 2011, approximately 89% of our ship capacity days in the remainder of 2011, and approximately 34% of our ship capacity days in 2012, are under time charter contracts or protected from market fluctuations (via FFA contracts).
 

 
2

 

Management of Our Fleet
 
 
The operations of our vessels are managed by Eurobulk Ltd., or Eurobulk, an affiliated company, under a Master Management Agreement with us and separate management agreements with each ship-owning company. Eurobulk was founded in 1994 by members of the Pittas family and is a reputable ship management company with strong industry relationships and experience in managing vessels. Under our Master Management Agreement, Eurobulk is responsible for providing us with executive services and commercial management services, which include obtaining employment for our vessels and managing our relationships with charterers. Eurobulk also performs technical management services, which include managing day-to-day vessel operations, performing general vessel maintenance, ensuring regulatory and classification society compliance, supervising the maintenance and general efficiency of vessels, arranging our hire of qualified officers and crew, arranging and supervising drydocking and repairs, arranging insurance for vessels, purchasing stores, supplies, spares and new equipment for vessels, appointing supervisors and technical consultants and providing technical support and shore-side personnel who carry out the management functions described above and certain accounting services.
 
Our Master Management Agreement with Eurobulk was amended and restated as of January 1, 2011 and has a term of 5 years until January 1, 2016. The Master Management Agreement cannot be terminated by Eurobulk without cause or under other limited circumstances, such as sale of the Company or Eurobulk or the bankruptcy of either party. This Master Management Agreement will automatically be extended after the initial period for an additional five year period unless terminated on or before the 90th day preceding the initial termination date. Pursuant to the Master Management Agreement, each new vessel we acquire in the future will enter into a separate five year management agreement with Eurobulk.
 
During 2010, in exchange for providing us with the services described above, we paid Eurobulk a management fee of 665 Euros per vessel per day for any vessel operating and 50% (i.e. 332.5 Euros) of that for any vessel laid-up.  The management fee is adjusted annually for inflation every January 1st. Starting January 1, 2011, we pay Eurobulk a fee of 700 Euros per vessel per day in operation and 350 Euros per vessel per day in lay up.
 

Our Competitive Strengths
 
We believe that we possess the following competitive strengths:
 
·
Experienced Management Team. Our management team has significant experience in all aspects of commercial, technical, operational and financial areas of our business. Aristides J. Pittas, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, holds a dual graduate degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering and Ocean Systems Management from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He has worked in various technical, shipyard and ship management capacities and since 1991 has focused on the ownership and operation of vessels carrying dry cargoes. Dr. Anastasios Aslidis, our Chief Financial Officer, holds a Ph.D. in Ocean Systems Management also from Massachusetts Institute of Technology and has over 20 years of experience, primarily as a partner at a Boston based international consulting firm focusing on investment and risk management in the maritime industry.
 

 
3

 

·
Cost Effective Vessel Operations. We believe that because of the efficiencies afforded to us through Eurobulk, the strength of our management team and the quality of our fleet, we are, and will continue to be, a reliable, low cost vessel operator, without compromising our high standards of performance, reliability and safety. Despite the average age of our fleet being approximately 17 years during 2010, our total vessel operating expenses, including management fees and general and administrative expenses but excluding drydocking expenses were $5,191 per day for the year ended December 31, 2010. We consider this amount to be among the lowest of the publicly listed drybulk shipping companies in the U.S. even after accounting for the lower operating expenses of our 2 laid-up vessels during part of the year. Our technical and operating expertise allows us to efficiently manage and transport a wide range of cargoes with a flexible trade route profile, which helps reduce ballast time between voyages and minimize off-hire days. Our professional, well-trained masters, officers and on board crews further help us to control costs and ensure consistent vessel operating performance. We actively manage our fleet and strive to maximize utilization and minimize maintenance expenditures for operational and commercial utilization. For the year ended December 31, 2010, our operational fleet utilization was 99.2% and since 2006 our operational utilization rate has averaged approximately 99.0%. Our commercial utilization rate (without including laid-up vessels) increased to 99.9% in 2010 from 95.5% in 2009.
 
·
Strong Relationships with Customers and Financial Institutions. We believe Eurobulk and the Pittas family have developed strong industry relationships and have gained acceptance with charterers, lenders and insurers because of their long-standing reputation for safe and reliable service and financial responsibility through various shipping cycles. Through Eurobulk, we offer reliable service and cargo carrying flexibility that enables us to attract customers and obtain repeat business. We also believe that the established customer base and reputation of Eurobulk and the Pittas family helps us to secure favorable employment for our vessels with well known charterers.
 
Our Business Strategy
 
Our business strategy is focused on providing consistent shareholder returns by carefully timing and structuring acquisitions of drybulk carriers and containerships and by reliably, safely and competitively operating our vessels through Eurobulk. We continuously evaluate purchase and sale opportunities, as well as long term employment opportunities for our vessels.
 
·
Renew and Expand our Fleet. We expect to grow our fleet in a disciplined manner through timely and selective acquisitions of quality vessels. We perform in-depth technical review and financial analysis of each potential acquisition and only purchase vessels as market conditions and developments present themselves. We continue to be focused on purchasing well-maintained secondhand vessels, which should provide a significant value proposition given the depressed price levels that exist currently. However, we will also consider purchasing newbuildings or newbuilding resales if the value proposition exists at the time. Furthermore, as part of our fleet renewal, we will continue to sell certain vessels when we believe it is in the best interests of the Company and our shareholders.
 
·
Maintain Balanced Employment. We intend to strategically employ our fleet between time and spot charters. We actively pursue time charters to obtain adequate cash flow to cover as much as possible of our fleet's fixed costs, consisting of vessel operating expenses, management fees, general and administrative expenses, interest expense and drydocking costs for the upcoming 12-month period. We also use FFA contracts as a substitute for time charter employment to partly provide coverage for our drybulk vessels in order to increase the predictability of our revenues.  We look to deploy the remainder of our fleet through spot charters, shipping pools or contracts of affreightment depending on our view of the direction of the markets and other tactical or strategic considerations. We believe this balanced employment strategy will provide us with more predictable operating cash flows and sufficient downside protection, while allowing us to participate in the potential upside of the spot market during periods of rising charter rates. As of September 23, 2011, on the basis of our existing time charters and FFA contracts, approximately 89% of our vessel capacity in the remainder of 2011 and approximately 34% in 2012 are fixed, which will help protect us from market fluctuations, enable us to make significant principal and interest payments on our debt and pay dividends to our shareholders.
 

 
4

 

·
Operate a Fleet in Two Sectors. While remaining focused on the dry cargo segment of the shipping industry, we intend to continue to develop a diversified fleet of drybulk carriers and containerships of up to Panamax size. A diversified drybulk fleet profile will allow us to better serve our customers in both major and minor drybulk trades, as well as to reduce any dependency on any one cargo, trade route or customer. We will remain focused on the smaller size ship segment of the container market, which has not experienced the same level of expansion in vessel supply that has occurred with larger containerships. A diversified fleet, in addition to enhancing the stability of our cash flows, will also help us to reduce our exposure to unfavorable developments in any one shipping sector and to benefit from upswings in any one shipping sector experiencing rising charter rates.
 
·
Optimize Use of Financial Leverage. We will use bank debt to partly fund our vessel acquisitions and increase financial returns for our shareholders. We actively assess the level of debt we incur in light of our ability to repay that debt based on the level of cash flow generated from our balanced chartering strategy and efficient operating cost structure. Our debt repayment schedule as of December 31, 2010 calls for a reduction of more than 30% of our debt by the end of 2012. We expect this will increase our ability to borrow funds to make additional vessel acquisitions in order to grow our fleet and continue pay dividends to our shareholders.
 
Corporate Information
 
Euroseas Ltd. is a holding company existing under the laws of the Marshall Islands. We maintain our principal executive offices at 4 Messogiou & Evropis Street, 151 25 Maroussi, Greece. Our telephone number at that address is 011 30 211 1804005.  Our website address is http://www.euroseas.gr.  The information on our website is not a part of this prospectus.
 
Recent Developments
 
On September 22, 2011, Euromar signed a memorandum of agreement to acquire the vessel Torge S, a geared containership of 35,600 dwt and 2,450 teu built in 2003 in Poland. The vessel is expected to be delivered to Euromar in October 2011 and will be renamed EM Andros after its delivery.
 
The Securities We May Offer
 
We may use this prospectus to offer up to $400,000,000 of our:
 
·
common shares;
 
·
preferred shares;
 
·
debt securities, which may be guaranteed by one or more of our subsidiaries;
 
·
warrants;
 
·
purchase contracts; and
 
·
units.
 
We may also offer securities of the types listed above that are convertible or exchangeable into one or more of the securities listed above.
 

 
5

 

The Securities the Selling Shareholders May Offer
 

In addition, the Selling Shareholders may sell in one or more offerings pursuant to this registration statement up to 11,249,677 of our common shares that were previously acquired in private transactions or in the open market. We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of our common shares sold by the Selling Shareholders.
 
A prospectus supplement will describe the specific types, amounts, prices, and detailed terms of any of these securities that we or the Selling Shareholders may offer and may describe certain risks in addition to those set forth below associated with an investment in the securities.  Terms used in the prospectus supplement will have the meanings described in this prospectus, unless otherwise specified.
 

 
6

 

RISK FACTORS
 
An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk.  You should carefully consider the discussion of risks under the heading "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2010 and the other documents we have incorporated by reference in this prospectus that summarize the risks that may materially affect our business before making an investment in our securities.  Please see "Where You Can Find Additional Information – Information Incorporated by Reference." In addition, you should also consider carefully the risks set forth under the heading "Risk Factors" in any prospectus supplement before investing in any securities offered by this prospectus. The occurrence of one or more of those risk factors could adversely impact our results of operations,  financial condition, the price of our common stock and our ability to pay dividends.
 


 
7

 


 
PRICE RANGE OF COMMON STOCK
 
The trading market for shares of our common stock is the NASDAQ Global Select Market, on which our shares trade under the symbol "ESEA." The following table sets forth the high and low closing prices for shares of our common stock since our listing originally in the OTCBB (under symbols ESEAF.OB and EUSEF.OB), from January 31, 2007 until December 31, 2007 on the NASDAQ Global Market and since January 1, 2008 on the NASDAQ Global Select Market. The prices below have been adjusted for the reverse 1-for-3 common stock split that was effected on October 6, 2006.
 
Period
 
Low
 
 
High
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
For The Year Ended
               
December 31, 2006
 
$
6.00
   
$
18.93
 
December 31, 2007
 
$
7.00
 
 
$
20.79
 
December 31, 2008
 
$
12.00
 
 
$
16.80
 
December 31, 2009
 
$
3.51
 
 
$
6.05
 
December 31, 2010
 
$
3.31
   
$
4.50
 
                 
For The Quarter Ended
               
March 31, 2009
 
$
3.51
 
 
$
5.82
 
June 30, 2009
 
$
3.57
 
 
$
6.05
 
September 30, 2009
 
$
4.23
 
 
$
5.30
 
December 31, 2009
 
$
3.82
 
 
$
5.02
 
March 31, 2010
 
$
3.75
 
 
$
4.50
 
June 30, 2010
 
$
3.41
   
$
4.17
 
September 30, 2010
 
$
3.31
   
$
4.09
 
December 31, 2010
 
$
3.51
   
$
4.15
 
March 31, 2011
 
$
3.56
   
$
4.83
 
June 30, 2011
 
$
4.26
   
$
4.85
 
                 
For The Month Ended
               
January 2011
 
$
3.58
   
$
3.92
 
February 2011
 
$
3.56
   
$
4.03
 
March 2011
 
$
3.76
   
$
4.83
 
April 2011
 
$
4.26
   
$
4.85
 
May 2011
 
$
4.26
   
$
4.73
 
June 2011
 
$
4.28
   
$
4.66
 
July 2011
 
$
4.08
   
$
4.40
 
August 2011
 
$
3.45
   
$
4.06
 
September 1, 2011 to September 23, 2011
 
$
2.86
   
$
3.75
 

On September 23, 2011, the closing price of our common shares as quoted on the NASDAQ Global Select Market was $2.99. At that date, there were 31,084,711 of our common shares issued and outstanding.

 
8

 
 
 
USE OF PROCEEDS
 
Unless we specify otherwise in any prospectus supplement, we intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of securities that we may offer by this prospectus to make vessel acquisitions and for capital expenditures, repayment of indebtedness, working capital, and general corporate purposes.  We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of our common shares by the Selling Shareholders.
 

 

 
9

 

RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES
 
The following table sets forth our unaudited ratio of earnings to fixed charges for each of the preceding five fiscal years.
 
For the purpose of calculating such ratios, "earnings" consist of net income before fixed charges. "Fixed charges" consist of interest expense and amortization of debt discount or premiums and expenses, including amounts capitalized.
 
 
   
Year Ended December 31, 2006 (1)
   
Year Ended December 31, 2007 (1)
   
Year Ended December 31, 2008 (1)
   
Year Ended December 31, 2009
   
Year Ended December 31, 2010
 
                               
EARNINGS
                             
Net income / (loss) before loss from equity investee
    20,710,040       36,463,321       21,490,910       (15,627,504 )     (6,067,017 )
Interest Expense
    3,324,257       4,777,524       2,845,596       1,327,133       1,389,647  
Amortization of finance cost
    74,601       72,715       85,141       110,504       108,569  
Total Earnings
    24,108,898       41,313,560       24,421,647       (14,189,867 )     (4,568,801 )
                                         
FIXED CHARGES
                                       
Interest Expense
    3,324,257       4,777,524       2,845,596       1,327,133       1,389,647  
Amortization of finance cost
    74,601       72,715       85,141       110,504       108,569  
Total Fixed Charges
    3,398,858       4,850,239       2,930,737       1,437,637       1,498,216  
                                         
Preferred dividend requirements
    -       -       -       -       -  
Total Fixed Charges and Preferred Dividends
    3,398,858       4,850,239       2,930,737       1,437,637       1,498,216  
                                         
Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges (2)
    7.1 x     8.5 x     8.3 x     -       -  

 
(1)
As adjusted under direct expense method of drydocking expenses.
 
(2)
Our earnings were not sufficient to cover our fixed charges in 2009 and 2010 by $15,627,504 and $6,067,017, respectively.
 
 
10

 

SELLING SHAREHOLDERS
 
The selling shareholders are offering an aggregate of 11,249,677 of our common shares which were  acquired in private transactions or in the open market.
 
Set forth below is information regarding the names and number of shares of common stock owned and offered by each selling shareholder. The table is based upon information provided by the selling shareholders. The table assumes that all the shares being offered by the selling shareholders pursuant to this prospectus are ultimately sold in the offering.
 
Selling Shareholders
 
Name of Selling Shareholder
 
Common Stock Owned Before Offering(1)
   
Percentage of Class Prior to the Offering
   
Total Common Stock Offered Hereby
   
Common Stock Owned Following the Offering
   
 
Percentage of Class Following the Offering
 
                                         
Friends Investment Company Inc.(2)
    10,833,009       34.85 %     10,833,009       0       0.0 %
                                         
Eurobulk Marine Holdings, Inc.(3)
    416,668       1.34 %     416,668       0       0.0 %
Total                                          
    11,249,677       36.19 %     11,249,677       0       0.0 %
__________________________
 
(1)           Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the Rule 13d-3(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Except as subject to community property laws, where applicable, the person named above has sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of common stock shown as beneficially owned by him/her.
 
(2)           Includes 10,833,009 shares of common stock held of record by Friends Investment Company Inc. A majority of the shareholders of Friends are members of the Pittas family. Investment power and voting control by Friends resides in its board of directors which consists of five directors, a majority of whom are members of the Pittas family. Actions by Friends may be taken by a majority of the members on its board of directors.  The business address for Friends is 4 Messogiou & Evropis Street, 151 25 Maroussi, Greece.
 
(3)           Includes 416,668 shares of common stock held of record by Eurobulk Marine Holdings, Inc.  A majority of the shareholders of Eurobulk Marine Holdings, Inc. are members of the Pittas family. Investment power and voting control by Eurobulk Marine Holdings, Inc. resides in its board of directors which consists of five directors, a majority of whom are members of the Pittas family. Actions by Eurobulk Marine Holdings, Inc. may be taken by a majority of the members on its board of directors.  The business address for Eurobulk Marine Holdings, Inc. is 4 Messogiou & Evropis Street, 151 25 Maroussi, Greece.
 
 
 
11

 

 

 
OUR CAPITALIZATION
 
A prospectus supplement will include information on the Company's consolidated capitalization.
 

 
12

 

DIVIDEND POLICY
 
A description of our dividend policy can be found in Item 8.A "Financial Information – Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information – Dividend Policy" of our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2010 incorporated by reference in this prospectus.


 

 
13

 
 
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
 
We may sell or distribute the securities included in this prospectus and the Selling Shareholders, including their transferees, pledgees or donees or their successors, may sell our common shares through underwriters, through agents, to dealers, in private transactions, at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to the prevailing market prices, or at negotiated prices.
 
In addition, we or the Selling Shareholders may sell some or all of our securities included in this prospectus through:
 
·
a block trade in which a broker-dealer may resell a portion of the block, as principal, in order to facilitate the transaction;
 
·
purchases by a broker-dealer, as principal, and resale by the broker-dealer for its account; or
 
·
ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which a broker solicits purchasers.
 
In addition, we or the Selling Shareholders may enter into option or other types of transactions that require us or them to deliver our securities to a broker-dealer, who will then resell or transfer the securities under this prospectus.  We may enter into hedging transactions with respect to our securities.  For example, we may:
 
·
enter into transactions involving short sales of our common shares by broker-dealers;
 
·
sell common shares short and deliver the shares to close out short positions;
 
·
enter into option or other types of transactions that require us to deliver common shares to a broker-dealer, who will then resell or transfer the common shares under this prospectus; or
 
·
loan or pledge the common shares to a broker-dealer, who may sell the loaned shares or, in the event of default, sell the pledged shares.
 
We may enter into derivative transactions with third parties, or sell securities not covered by this prospectus to third parties in privately negotiated transactions.  If the applicable prospectus supplement indicates, in connection with those derivatives, the third parties may sell securities covered by this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, including in short sale transactions.  If so, the third party may use securities pledged by us or borrowed from us or others to settle those sales or to close out any related open borrowings of stock, and may use securities received from us in settlement of those derivatives to close out any related open borrowings of stock.  The third party (or affiliates of such parties) in such sale transactions will be an underwriter and, if not identified in this prospectus, will be identified in the applicable prospectus supplement (or a post-effective amendment).  In addition, we may otherwise loan or pledge securities to a financial institution or other third party that in turn may sell the securities short using this prospectus.  Such financial institution or other third party may transfer its economic short position to investors in our securities or in connection with a concurrent offering of other securities.
 

 
14

 

Any broker-dealers or other persons acting on our behalf or the behalf of the Selling Shareholders that participates with us or the Selling Shareholders in the distribution of the securities may be deemed to be underwriters and any commissions received or profit realized by them on the resale of the securities may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act.  As of the date of this prospectus, we are not a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding between any broker or dealer and us with respect to the offer or sale of the securities pursuant to this prospectus.
 
At the time that any particular offering of securities is made, to the extent required by the Securities Act, a prospectus supplement will be distributed, setting forth the terms of the offering, including the aggregate number of securities being offered, the purchase price of the securities, the initial offering price of the securities, the names of any underwriters, dealers or agents, any discounts, commissions and other items constituting compensation from us and any discounts, commissions or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers.
 
Underwriters or agents may assist us in distributions contemplated hereby, including but not limited to at-the-market offerings, controlled offerings and overnight offerings.  Underwriters or agents could make sales in privately negotiated transactions or at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to such prevailing market prices, at varying prices determined at the time of sale and/or any other method permitted by law, including sales deemed to be an at-the-market offering as defined in Rule 415 promulgated under the Securities Act, which includes sales made directly on or through the NASDAQ Global Market, the existing trading market for our common shares, or sales made to or through a market maker other than on an exchange or otherwise.
 
Certain persons participating in any offering of securities may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of the securities offered. In connection with any such offering, the underwriters or agents, as the case may be, may purchase and sell securities in the open market. These transactions may include overallotment and stabilizing transactions, purchases to cover syndicate short positions created in connection with the offering and passive market making. Stabilizing transactions consist of certain bids or purchases for the purpose of preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of the securities and syndicate short positions involve the sale by the underwriters or agents, as the case may be, of a greater number of securities than they are required to purchase from us in the offering. The underwriters may also impose a penalty bid, whereby selling concessions allowed to syndicate members or other broker-dealers for the securities sold for their account may be reclaimed by the syndicate if such securities are repurchased by the syndicate in stabilizing or covering transactions. In passive market making, market makers in the shares of common shares who are underwriters or prospective underwriters may, subject to certain limitations, make bids for or purchases of the shares of  common shares until the time, if any, at which a stabilizing bid is made. These activities may stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the market price of the securities, which may be higher than the price that might otherwise prevail in the open market, and if commenced, may be discontinued at any time.
 
We will bear costs relating to all of the securities being registered under this Registration Statement.
 
As a result of requirements of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, or FINRA, formerly the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc., the maximum commission or discount to be received by any FINRA member or independent broker/dealer may not be greater than eight percent (8%) of the gross proceeds received by the offeror for the sale of any securities being registered pursuant to SEC Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
 

 
15

 
 
ENFORCEBILITY OF CIVIL LIABILITIES
 
Euroseas Ltd. is a Marshall Islands corporation and our principal executive offices are located outside the United States in Maroussi, Greece. A majority of our directors, officers and the experts named in the prospectus reside outside the United States. In addition, a substantial portion of our assets and the assets of our directors, officers and experts are located outside the United States. As a result, you may have difficulty serving legal process within the United States upon us or any of these persons. You may also have difficulty enforcing, both in and outside the United States, judgments you may obtain in United States courts against us or these persons in any action, including actions based upon the civil liability provisions of United States federal or state securities laws. Furthermore, there is substantial doubt that the courts of the Marshall Islands or Greece would enter judgments in original actions brought in those courts predicated on United States federal or state securities laws.
 

 
16

 
 
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
 
The following description of our capital stock, together with the additional information we include in any applicable prospectus supplements, summarizes the material terms and provisions of the capital stock offered under this prospectus.  For the complete terms of our capital stock, please refer to our amended and restated articles of incorporation and our bylaws, as amended, that are filed as exhibits to our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2010, which is incorporated by reference herein.  The Marshall Islands Business Corporation Act, or BCA, may also affect the terms of these securities.
 
Authorized Capitalization

Under our amended and restated articles of incorporation, our authorized capital stock consists of 200,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $.03 per share, of which 31,084,711 shares are issued and outstanding as of September 23, 2011, and 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $.01 per share, of which no shares are issued and outstanding as of September 23, 2011. All of our shares of stock are in registered form.

Share History

On July 17, 2008, we filed a post-effective amendment to the registration statement on Form S-8 dated December 18, 2007 relating to the offer and sale of up to 600,000 shares of common stock pursuant to our equity incentive plan dated October 25, 2007, or 2007 Equity Incentive Plan.
 
On August 8, 2008, we declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.32 per share for the second quarter of 2008, paid on September 17, 2008 to shareholders of record on September 5, 2008.
 
On November 12, 2008, our board of directors awarded 160,000 shares of restricted common stock to the directors, officers and key employees of Eurobulk, half of which vested on November 16, 2009 and the remainder of which vested on November 16, 2010.
 
On November 13, 2008, we declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.20 per share for the third quarter of 2008, paid on December 23, 2008 to shareholders of record on December 16, 2008.
 
During 2008, 192,213 out of 337,126 then issued and outstanding warrants to purchase shares of our common stock were exercised, resulting in the issuance of 192,213 common shares. The remaining 144,193 warrants expired on August 25, 2010.
 
On February 17, 2009, we declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.10 per share for the fourth quarter of 2008, paid on March 20, 2009 to shareholders of record on March 12, 2009.
 
On May 18, 2009, we adopted a shareholders' rights plan, or the Rights Plan, and declared a dividend distribution of one preferred stock purchase right to purchase one-thousandth of one share of our Series A Participating Preferred Stock for each outstanding share of our common stock, to shareholders of record at the close of business on May 27, 2009. Each right entitles the registered holder, upon the occurrence of certain events, to purchase from us one-thousandth of one share of Series A Participating Preferred Stock at an exercise price of $26, subject to adjustment. The rights will expire on the earliest of (i) May 27, 2019 or (ii) redemption or exchange of the rights.
 

 
17

 

On May 13, 2009, we declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.10 per share for the first quarter of 2009, paid on June 17, 2009 to shareholders of record on June 5, 2009.
 
On August 4, 2009, we declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.10 per share for the second quarter of 2009, paid on September 4, 2009 to shareholders of record on August 27, 2009.
 
On September 4, 2009, we established a continuous equity offering program by entering into a sales agreement with Citigroup, as sales agent.  In connection therewith, on the same date we filed a prospectus supplement to our existing shelf registration statement on Form F-3 relating to the offer and sale of up to 7,000,000 common shares.  We sold 134,100 shares under this program in 2009 with aggregate net proceeds to us of approximately $0.65 million. We have suspended the program as of January 16, 2010.
 
On November 4, 2009, our board of directors awarded 165,000 shares of restricted common stock to the directors, officers and key employees of Eurobulk, half of which vested on July 1, 2010 and the remainder of which vested on July 1, 2011.
 
On November 16, 2009, we declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.05 per share for the third quarter of 2009, paid on December 18, 2009 to shareholders of record on December 11, 2009.
 
On February 23, 2010, we declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.05 per share for the fourth quarter of 2009, paid on March 26, 2010 to shareholders of record on March 17, 2010.
 
On March 29, 2010, the Rights Plan was amended to permit our Euromar joint venture partners, Paros Ltd., All Seas Investors I, Ltd., All Seas Investors II, Ltd. and All Seas Investors III LP, to exercise their conversion rights into the Company's common shares without violating the Rights Plan.
 
On May 5, 2010, our board of directors adopted a new equity incentive plan, or the 2010 Equity Incentive Plan, which is similar to our 2007 Equity Incentive Plan. The aggregate number of shares of common stock with respect to which options or restricted shares may at any time be granted under the 2010 Equity Incentive Plan is 1,500,000 shares of common stock. The 2010 Equity Incentive Plan incentive plan was adopted on May 5, 2010 and became effective on June 15, 2010.
 
On May 7, 2010, we declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.05 per share for the first quarter of 2010, paid on June 18, 2010 to shareholders of record on June 11, 2010.
 
On July 6, 2010, following approval at the annual general meeting of the shareholders of the Company held on June 25, 2010, we increased the aggregate number of authorized shares of our common stock from 100,000,000 registered shares with par value of $0.03 to 200,000,000 registered shares with a par value of $0.03.
 
On August 3, 2010, we declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.06 per share for the second quarter of 2010, paid on September 3, 2010 to shareholders of record on August 25, 2010.
 
On August 25, 2010, all 144,193 of our remaining issued and outstanding warrants expired unexercised.  We do not currently have any other outstanding warrants.
 
On November 4, 2010, our board of directors awarded 165,000 shares of restricted common stock to the directors, officers and key employees of Eurobulk, half of which will vest on November 16, 2011 and the remainder of which will vest on November 16, 2012.
 

 
18

 

On November 15, 2010, we declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.06 per share for the third quarter of 2010, payable on December 7, 2010 to shareholders of record on November 26, 2010.
 
On February 16, 2011, we declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.06 per share for the fourth quarter of 2010, paid on March 11, 2011 to shareholders of record on March 1, 2011.
 
On May 16, 2011, we declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.07 per share for the first quarter of 2011, paid on June 10, 2011 to shareholders of record on June 1, 2011.

On August 2, 2011, we declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.07 per share for the first quarter of 2011, paid on September 9, 2011 to shareholders of record on September 2, 2011.

Common Stock

As of the date of this prospectus, we are authorized to issue up to 200,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $.03 per share, of which 31,084,711 shares are currently issued and outstanding. Each outstanding share of common stock is entitled to one vote, either in person or by proxy, on all matters that may be voted upon by their holders at meetings of the shareholders. Holders of our common stock (i) have equal ratable rights to dividends from funds legally available therefore, if declared by the Board of Directors; (ii) are entitled to share ratably in all of our assets available for distribution upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up; and (iii) do not have preemptive, subscription or conversion rights or redemption or sinking fund provisions. All issued shares of our common stock when issued will be fully paid for and non-assessable.

Preferred Stock

As of the date of this prospectus, we are authorized to issue up to 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, of which no shares are currently issued and outstanding. The preferred stock may be issued in one or more series and our Board of Directors, without further approval from our shareholders, is authorized to fix the dividend rights and terms, conversion rights, voting rights, redemption rights, liquidation preferences and other rights and restrictions relating to any series. Issuances of preferred stock, while providing flexibility in connection with possible financings, acquisitions and other corporate purposes, could, among other things, adversely affect the voting power of the holders of our common stock.

Directors

Our directors are elected by a plurality of the votes cast at a meeting of the shareholders by the holders of shares entitled to vote in the election. Cumulative voting may not be used to elect directors.
 
Our Board of Directors must consist of at least three directors, such number to be determined by the Board of Directors by a majority vote of the entire Board from time to time. Shareholders may change the number of our directors only by an affirmative vote of the holders of the majority of the outstanding shares of capital stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors.
 
Our Board of Directors is divided into three classes as set out below in "Classified Board of Directors." Each director is elected to serve until the third succeeding annual meeting after his election and until his successor shall have been elected and qualified, except in the event of his death, resignation or removal.
 

 
19

 

Our bylaws were amended on March 25, 2010 in connection with our Joint Venture in order to ensure that for so long as the percentage of ownership interest of Eton Park and Rhône (considered separately) in us, is (x) greater than 35%, the Joint Venture affiliates of Eton Park or Rhône, as applicable, together with their respective permitted transferees, shall each be entitled to select two (2) directors for appointment to our Board of Directors or (y) between 7.5% and 35%, the Joint Venture affiliates of Eton Park or Rhône, as applicable, together with their respective permitted transferees shall each be entitled to select one (1) director for appointment to the Board of Directors, in each case in addition to the current seven seats on the Board of Directors and adjusted in proportion to any change in the total number of seats on the Board of Directors.
 
Shareholder Meetings

Under our bylaws, as amended, annual shareholder meetings will be held at a time and place selected by our Board of Directors. The meetings may be held in or outside of the Marshall Islands. Special meetings may be called at any time by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board or by the President. Notice of every annual and special meeting of shareholders must be given to each shareholder of record entitled to vote at least 15 but no more than 60 days before such meeting.

Dissenters' Rights of Appraisal and Payment

Under the BCA, but subject to the limitations set forth under Section 100(c) therein, our shareholders have the right to dissent from various corporate actions, including any merger or consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of our assets not made in the usual course of our business, and receive payment of the fair value of their shares. In the event of any further amendment of our amended and restated articles of incorporation, a shareholder also has the right to dissent and receive payment for his or her shares if the amendment alters certain rights in respect of those shares. The dissenting shareholder must follow the procedures set forth in the BCA to receive payment. In the event that we and any dissenting shareholder fail to agree on a price for the shares, the BCA procedures involve, among other things, the institution of proceedings in the high court of the Republic of the Marshall Islands or in any appropriate court in any jurisdiction in which the Company's shares are primarily traded on a local or national securities exchange.

Shareholders' Derivative Actions

Under the BCA, any of our shareholders may bring an action in our name to procure a judgment in our favor, also known as a derivative action, provided that the shareholder bringing the action is a holder of common stock both at the time the derivative action is commenced and at the time of the transaction to which the action relates.

Limitations on Liability and Indemnification of Officers and Directors

The BCA authorizes corporations to limit or eliminate the personal liability of directors and officers to corporations and their shareholders for monetary damages for breaches of directors' fiduciary duties. Our bylaws, as amended, include a provision that eliminates the personal liability of directors for monetary damages for actions taken as a director to the fullest extent permitted by law.
 
Our bylaws, as amended, provide that we must indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent authorized by law. We are also expressly authorized to carry directors' and officers' insurance providing indemnification for our directors, officers and certain employees for some liabilities. We believe that these indemnification provisions and insurance are useful to attract and retain qualified directors and executive offices.
 

 
20

 
 
The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our bylaws, as amended, may discourage shareholders from bringing a lawsuit against directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions may also have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigation against directors and officers, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our shareholders. In addition, your investment may be adversely affected to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions.
 
There is currently no pending material litigation or proceeding involving any of our directors, officers or employees for which indemnification is sought.

Purpose

Our purpose, as stated in our amended and restated articles of incorporation, is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may now or hereafter be organized under the BCA.

Anti-takeover Effect of Certain Provisions of our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws, as Amended

Several provisions of our amended and restated articles of incorporation and bylaws, as amended, which are summarized below, may have anti-takeover effects. These provisions are intended to avoid costly takeover battles, lessen our vulnerability to a hostile change in control and enhance the ability of our Board of Directors to maximize shareholder value in connection with any unsolicited offer to acquire us. However, these anti-takeover provisions, which are summarized below, could also discourage, delay or prevent (1) the merger or acquisition of our company by means of a tender offer, a proxy contest or otherwise that a shareholder may consider in its best interest and (2) the removal of incumbent officers and directors.

Blank Check Preferred Stock

Under the terms of our amended and restated articles of incorporation, our Board of Directors has authority, without any further vote or action by our shareholders, to issue up to 20,000,000 shares of blank check preferred stock. Our Board of Directors may issue shares of preferred stock on terms calculated to discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company or the removal of our management.

Classified Board of Directors

Our amended and restated articles of incorporation provide for the division of our Board of Directors into three classes of directors, with each class as nearly equal in number as possible, serving staggered, three year terms. Approximately one-third of our Board of Directors will be elected each year. This classified board provision could discourage a third party from making a tender offer for our shares or attempting to obtain control of us. It could also delay shareholders who do not agree with the policies of our Board of Directors from removing a majority of our Board of Directors for two years.

 
21

 
 
Election and Removal of Directors

Our amended and restated articles of incorporation prohibit cumulative voting in the election of directors. Our bylaws, as amended, require parties other than the Board of Directors to give advance written notice of nominations for the election of directors. Our amended and restated articles of incorporation also provide that our directors may be removed only for cause and only upon the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of our capital stock entitled to vote for those directors. These provisions may discourage, delay or prevent the removal of incumbent officers and directors.

Limited Actions by Shareholders

Our amended and restated articles of incorporation and our bylaws, as amended, provide that any action required or permitted to be taken by our shareholders must be effected at an annual or special meeting of shareholders or by the unanimous written consent of our shareholders. Our amended and restated articles of incorporation and our bylaws, as amended, provide that, subject to certain exceptions, our Board of Directors, our Chairman of the Board or by the President and the business transacted at the special meeting is limited to the purposes stated in the notice. Accordingly, a shareholder may not call a special meeting and shareholder consideration of a proposal may be delayed until the next annual meeting.

Advance Notice Requirements for Shareholder Proposals and Director Nominations

Our bylaws, as amended, provide that shareholders seeking to nominate candidates for election as directors or to bring business before an annual meeting of shareholders must provide timely notice of their proposal in writing to the corporate secretary. Generally, to be timely, a shareholder's notice must be received at our principal executive offices not less than 150 days nor more than 180 days prior to the one year anniversary of the immediately preceding annual meeting of shareholders. Our bylaws, as amended, also specify requirements as to the form and content of a shareholder's notice. These provisions may impede shareholders' ability to bring matters before an annual meeting of shareholders or make nominations for directors at an annual meeting of shareholders.

Certain Business Combinations
 
Our amended and restated articles of incorporation prohibit us from engaging in any "business combination" with any Interested Shareholder for a period of three years following the date the shareholder became an interested shareholder, unless:
 
 
·
prior to such time, the Board of Directors approved either the Business Combination or the transaction which resulted in the shareholder becoming an Interested Shareholder; or
 
 
·
upon consummation of the transaction which resulted in the shareholder becoming an Interested Shareholder, the Interested Shareholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of Euroseas outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding for purposes of determining the number of shares outstanding those shares owned (i) by persons who are directors and also officers and (ii) employee stock plans in which employee participants do not have the right to determine confidentially whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer; or
 
 
·
at or subsequent to such time, the Business Combination is approved by the Board of Directors and authorized at an annual or special meeting of shareholders, and not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of at least 51% of the outstanding voting stock that is not owned by the Interested Shareholder; or
 

 
22

 

 
·
the shareholder became an Interested Shareholder prior to the consummation of the initial public offering of Euroseas' common stock under the Securities Act.
 
 
These restrictions shall not apply if:
 
 
·
A shareholder becomes an Interested Shareholder inadvertently and (i) as soon as practicable divests itself of ownership of sufficient shares so that the shareholder ceases to be an Interested Shareholder; and (ii) would not, at any time within the three-year period immediately prior to a Business Combination between Euroseas and such shareholder, have been an Interested Shareholder but for the inadvertent acquisition of ownership; or
 
 
·
The Business Combination is proposed prior to the consummation or abandonment of and subsequent to the earlier of the public announcement or the notice required hereunder of a proposed transaction which (i) constitutes one of the transactions described in the following sentence; (ii) is with or by a person who either was not an Interested Shareholder during the previous three years or who became an Interested Shareholder with the approval of the Board; and (iii) is approved or not opposed by a majority of the members of the Board then in office (but not less than one) who were Directors prior to any person becoming an Interested Shareholder during the previous three years or were recommended for election or elected to succeed such Directors by a majority of such Directors. The proposed transactions referred to in the preceding sentence are limited to:
 
(a) a merger or consolidation of Euroseas (except for a merger in respect of which, pursuant to the BCA, no vote of the shareholders of Euroseas is required);(b) a sale, lease, exchange, mortgage, pledge, transfer or other disposition (in one transaction or a series of transactions), whether as part of a dissolution or otherwise, of assets of Euroseas or of any direct or indirect majority-owned subsidiary of Euroseas (other than to any direct or indirect wholly-owned subsidiary or to Euroseas) having an aggregate market value equal to 50% or more of either that aggregate market value of all of the assets of Euroseas determined on a consolidated basis or the aggregate market value of all the outstanding shares; or(c) a proposed tender or exchange offer for 50% or more of the outstanding voting shares of Euroseas.
 
 
·
For purposes of these provisions, (1) a "business combination" includes mergers, consolidations, exchanges, asset sales, leases and other transactions resulting in a financial benefit to the Interested Shareholder, and (2) an "Interested Shareholder" is any person or entity that beneficially owns 15% or more of the shares of our outstanding voting stock and any person or entity affiliated with or controlling or controlled by that person or entity, or any affiliate of Euroseas that was the owner of 15% or more of the shares of our outstanding voting stock at any time within the three-year period immediately prior to the date on which it is sought to be determined whether such person is an Interested Shareholder.
 

 
23

 

Shareholders' Rights Plan

We adopted a shareholders' rights plan on May 18, 2009 and declared a dividend distribution of one preferred stock purchase right to purchase one one-thousandth of our Series A Participating Preferred Stock for each outstanding share of our common stock, to shareholders of record at the close of business on May 27, 2009. Each right entitles the registered holder, upon the occurrence of certain events, to purchase from us one one-thousandth of a share of Series A Participating Preferred Stock at an exercise price of $26, subject to adjustment. The rights will expire on the earliest of (i) May 27, 2019 or (ii) redemption or exchange of the rights. The plan was designed to enable us to protect shareholder interests in the event that an unsolicited attempt is made for a business combination with or takeover of the company. We believe that the shareholders' rights plan should enhance the board of directors' negotiating power on behalf of shareholders in the event of a coercive offer or proposal. We are not currently aware of any such offers or proposals and we adopted the plan as a matter of prudent corporate governance. On March 29, 2010, the plan was amended to permit our Euromar joint venture partners, Paros Ltd., All Seas Investors I, Ltd., All Seas Investors II, Ltd. and All Seas Investors III LP, to exercise their conversion rights into the Company's shares without violating the plan.

Transfer Agent
 
The registrar and transfer agent for the common stock is American Stock Transfer & Trust Company.
 
Listing
 
Shares of our common stock are listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol "ESEA."

 
24

 

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED SHARES
 
Under the terms of our amended and restated articles of incorporation, our board of directors has authority, without any further vote or action by our shareholders, to issue up to 20,000,000 shares of blank check preferred stock.  Our board of directors may issue shares of preferred stock on terms calculated to discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of our company or the removal of our management.  The material terms of any series of preferred shares that we offer through a prospectus supplement will be described in that prospectus supplement.  Our board of directors is authorized to provide for the issuance of preferred shares in one or more series with designations as may be stated in the resolution or resolutions providing for the issue of such preferred shares. At the time that any series of our preferred shares are authorized, our board of directors will fix the dividend rights, any conversion rights, any voting rights, redemption provisions, liquidation preferences and any other rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of that series, as well as the number of shares constituting that series and their designation.  Our board of directors could, without shareholder approval, cause us to issue preferred stock which has voting, conversion and other rights that could adversely affect the holders of our common shares or make it more difficult to effect a change in control.  Our preferred shares could be used to dilute the share ownership of persons seeking to obtain control of us and thereby hinder a possible takeover attempt which, if our shareholders were offered a premium over the market value of their shares, might be viewed as being beneficial to our shareholders.  In addition, our preferred shares could be issued with voting, conversion and other rights and preferences which would adversely affect the voting power and other rights of holders of our common shares.  The material terms of any series of preferred shares that we offer through a prospectus supplement will be described in that prospectus supplement.


 
25

 

DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS
 
We may issue warrants to purchase our debt or equity securities or securities of third parties or other rights, including rights to receive payment in cash or securities based on the value, rate or price of one or more specified commodities, currencies, securities or indices, or any combination of the foregoing.  Warrants may be issued independently or together with any other securities and may be attached to, or separate from, such securities.  Each series of warrants will be issued under a separate warrant agreement to be entered into between us and a warrant agent.  The terms of any warrants to be issued and a description of the material provisions of the applicable warrant agreement will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.
 
The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the following terms of any warrants in respect of which this prospectus is being delivered:
 
·
the title of such warrants;
 
·
the aggregate number of such warrants;
 
·
the price or prices at which such warrants will be issued;
 
·
the currency or currencies, in which the price of such warrants will be payable;
 
·
the securities or other rights, including rights to receive payment in cash or securities based on the value, rate or price of one or more specified commodities, currencies, securities or indices, or any combination of the foregoing, purchasable upon exercise of such warrants;
 
·
the price at which and the currency or currencies, in which the securities or other rights purchasable upon exercise of such warrants may be purchased;
 
·
the date on which the right to exercise such warrants shall commence and the date on which such right shall expire;
 
·
if applicable, the minimum or maximum amount of such warrants which may be exercised at any one time;
 
·
if applicable, the designation and terms of the securities with which such warrants are issued and the number of such warrants issued with each such security;
 
·
if applicable, the date on and after which such warrants and the related securities will be separately transferable;
 
·
information with respect to book-entry procedures, if any;
 
·
if applicable, a discussion of any material United States Federal income tax considerations; and
 
·
any other terms of such warrants, including terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of such warrants.
 

 
26

 

 
DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES
 
 
We may issue debt securities from time to time in one or more series, under one or more indentures, each dated as of a date on or prior to the issuance of the debt securities to which it relates.  We may issue senior debt securities and subordinated debt securities pursuant to separate indentures, a senior indenture and a subordinated indenture, respectively, in each case between us and the trustee named in the indenture.  These indentures will be filed either as exhibits to an amendment to this Registration Statement, or as an exhibit to an Exchange Act report that will be incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement or a prospectus supplement.  We will refer to any or all of these reports as "subsequent filings".  The senior indenture and the subordinated indenture, as amended or supplemented from time to time, are sometimes referred to individually as an "indenture" and collectively as the "indentures".  Each indenture will be subject to and governed by the Trust Indenture Act.  The aggregate principal amount of debt securities which may be issued under each indenture will be unlimited and each indenture will contain the specific terms of any series of debt securities or provide that those terms must be set forth in or determined pursuant to, an authorizing resolution, as defined in the applicable prospectus supplement, and/or a supplemental indenture, if any, relating to such series.
 
Our subsidiaries may guarantee the debt securities we offer.  Those guarantees may or may not be secured by liens, mortgages, and security interests in the assets of those subsidiaries.  The terms and conditions of any such subsidiary guarantees, and a description of any such liens, mortgages or security interests, will be set forth in the prospectus supplement that will accompany this prospectus.
 
The following description of the terms of the debt securities sets forth certain general terms and provisions.  The statements below are not complete and are subject to, and are qualified in their entirety by reference to, all of the provisions of the applicable indenture. The specific terms of any debt securities that we may offer, including any modifications of, or additions to, the general terms described below as well as any applicable material U.S. federal income tax considerations concerning the ownership of such debt securities will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement or supplemental indenture.  Accordingly, for a complete description of the terms of a particular issue of debt securities, the general description of the debt securities set forth below should be read in conjunction with the applicable prospectus supplement and indenture, as amended or supplemented from time to time.
 
General
 
Neither indenture limits the amount of debt securities which may be issued, and each indenture provides that debt securities may be issued up to the aggregate principal amount from time to time.  The debt securities may be issued in one or more series.  The senior debt securities will be unsecured and will rank in parity with all of our other unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness.  Each series of subordinated debt securities will be unsecured and subordinated to all present and future senior indebtedness of debt securities will be described in an accompanying prospectus supplement.
 
You should read the subsequent filings relating to the particular series of debt securities for the following terms of the offered debt securities:
 
·
the designation, aggregate principal amount and authorized denominations;
 
·
the issue price, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate principal amount;
 
·
the maturity date;
 
·
the interest rate per annum, if any;
 

 
27

 

·
if the offered debt securities provide for interest payments, the date from which interest will accrue, the dates on which interest will be payable, the date on which payment of interest will commence and the regular record dates for interest payment dates;
 
·
any optional or mandatory sinking fund provisions or conversion or exchangeability provisions;
 
·
the date, if any, after which and the price or prices at which the offered debt securities may be optionally redeemed or must be mandatorily redeemed and any other terms and provisions of optional or mandatory redemptions;
 
·
if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof, the denominations in which offered debt securities of the series will be issuable;
 
·
if other than the full principal amount, the portion of the principal amount of offered debt securities of the series which will be payable upon acceleration or provable in bankruptcy;
 
·
any events of default not set forth in this prospectus;
 
·
the currency or currencies, including composite currencies, in which principal, premium and interest will be payable, if other than the currency of the United States;
 
·
if principal, premium or interest is payable, at our election or at the election of any holder, in a currency other than that in which the offered debt securities of the series are stated to be payable, the period or periods within which, and the terms and conditions upon which, the election may be made;
 
·
whether interest will be payable in cash or additional securities at our or the holder's option and the terms and conditions upon which the election may be made;
 
·
if denominated in a currency or currencies other than the currency of the United States, the equivalent price in the currency of the United States for purposes of determining the voting rights of holders of those debt securities under the applicable indenture;
 
·
if the amount of payments of principal, premium or interest may be determined with reference to an index, formula or other method based on a coin or currency other than that in which the offered debt securities of the series are stated to be payable, the manner in which the amounts will be determined;
 
·
any restrictive covenants or other material terms relating to the offered debt securities, which may not be inconsistent with the applicable indenture;
 
·
whether the offered debt securities will be issued in the form of global securities or certificates in registered form;
 
·
any terms with respect to subordination;
 
·
any listing on any securities exchange or quotation system;
 
·
additional provisions, if any, related to defeasance and discharge of the offered debt securities; and
 
·
the applicability of any guarantees.
 

 
28

 

Unless otherwise indicated in subsequent filings with the Commission relating to the indenture, principal, premium and interest will be payable and the debt securities will be transferable at the corporate trust office of the applicable trustee.  Unless other arrangements are made or set forth in subsequent filings or a supplemental indenture, principal, premium and interest will be paid by checks mailed to the holders at their registered addresses.
 
Unless otherwise indicated in subsequent filings with the Commission, the debt securities will be issued only in fully registered form without coupons, in denominations of $1,000 or any integral multiple thereof.  No service charge will be made for any transfer or exchange of the debt securities, but we may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge payable in connection with these debt securities.
 
Some or all of the debt securities may be issued as discounted debt securities, bearing no interest or interest at a rate which at the time of issuance is below market rates, to be sold at a substantial discount below the stated principal amount.  United States federal income consequences and other special considerations applicable to any discounted securities will be described in subsequent filings with the Commission relating to those securities.
 
We refer you to applicable subsequent filings with respect to any deletions or additions or modifications from the description contained in this prospectus.
 
Senior Debt
 
We may issue senior debt securities under a senior debt indenture.  These senior debt securities would rank on an equal basis with all our other unsecured debt except subordinated debt.
 
Subordinated Debt
 
We may issue subordinated debt securities under a subordinated debt indenture.  Subordinated debt would rank subordinate and junior in right of payment, to the extent set forth in the subordinated debt indenture, to all our senior debt (both secured and unsecured).
 
In general, the holders of all senior debt are first entitled to receive payment of the full amount unpaid on senior debt before the holders of any of the subordinated debt securities are entitled to receive a payment on account of the principal or interest on the indebtedness evidenced by the subordinated debt securities in certain events.
 
If we default in the payment of any principal of, or premium, if any, or interest on any senior debt when it becomes due and payable after any applicable grace period, then, unless and until the default is cured or waived or ceases to exist, we cannot make a payment on account of or redeem or otherwise acquire the subordinated debt securities.
 
If there is any insolvency, bankruptcy, liquidation or other similar proceeding relating to us or our property, then all senior debt must be paid in full before any payment may be made to any holders of subordinated debt securities.
 
Furthermore, if we default in the payment of the principal of and accrued interest on any subordinated debt securities that is declared due and payable upon an event of default under the subordinated debt indenture, holders of all our senior debt will first be entitled to receive payment in full in cash before holders of such subordinated debt can receive any payments.
 

 
29

 

Senior debt means:
 
·
the principal, premium, if any, interest and any other amounts owing in respect of our indebtedness for money borrowed and indebtedness evidenced by securities, notes, debentures, bonds or other similar instruments issued by us, including the senior debt securities or letters of credit;
 
·
all capitalized lease obligations;
 
·
all hedging obligations;
 
·
all obligations representing the deferred purchase price of property; and
 
·
all deferrals, renewals, extensions and refundings of obligations of the type referred to above;
 
but senior debt does not include:
 
·
subordinated debt securities; and
 
·
any indebtedness that by its terms is subordinated to, or ranks on an equal basis with, our subordinated debt securities.
 
Covenants
 
Any series of offered debt securities may have covenants in addition to or differing from those included in the applicable indenture which will be described in subsequent filings prepared in connection with the offering of such securities, limiting or restricting, among other things:
 
·
the ability of us or our subsidiaries to incur either secured or unsecured debt, or both;
 
·
the ability to make certain payments, dividends, redemptions or repurchases;
 
·
our ability to create dividend and other payment restrictions affecting our subsidiaries;
 
·
our ability to make investments;
 
·
mergers and consolidations by us or our subsidiaries;
 
·
sales of assets by us;
 
·
our ability to enter into transactions with affiliates;
 
·
our ability to incur liens; and
 
·
sale and leaseback transactions.
 
Modification of the Indentures
 
Each indenture and the rights of the respective holders may be modified by us only with the consent of holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of all series under the respective indenture affected by the modification, taken together as a class.  But no modification that:
 

 
30

 

·
changes the amount of securities whose holders must consent to an amendment, supplement or waiver;
 
·
reduces the rate of or changes the interest payment time on any security or alters its redemption provisions (other than any alteration to any such section which would not materially adversely affect the legal rights of any holder under the indenture) or the price at which we are required to offer to purchase the securities;
 
·
reduces the principal or changes the maturity of any security or reduce the amount of, or postpone the date fixed for, the payment of any sinking fund or analogous obligation;
 
·
waives a default or event of default in the payment of the principal of or interest, if any, on any security (except a rescission of acceleration of the securities of any series by the holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding securities of that series and a waiver of the payment default that resulted from such acceleration);
 
·
makes the principal of or interest, if any, on any security payable in any currency other than that stated in the security;
 
·
makes any change with respect to holders' rights to receive principal and interest, the terms pursuant to which defaults can be waived, certain modifications affecting shareholders or certain currency-related issues; or
 
·
waives a redemption payment with respect to any security or change any of the provisions with respect to the redemption of any securities,
 
·
will be effective against any holder without his consent.  Other terms as specified in subsequent filings may be modified without the consent of the holders.
 
Events of Default
 
Each indenture defines an event of default for the debt securities of any series as being any one of the following events:
 
·
default in any payment of interest when due which continues for 30 days;
 
·
default in any payment of principal or premium when due;
 
·
default in the deposit of any sinking fund payment when due;
 
·
default in the performance of any covenant in the debt securities or the applicable indenture which continues for 60 days after we receive notice of the default;
 
·
default under a bond, debenture, note or other evidence of indebtedness for borrowed money by us or our subsidiaries (to the extent we are directly responsible or liable therefor) having a principal amount in excess of a minimum amount set forth in the applicable subsequent filing, whether such indebtedness now exists or is hereafter created, which default shall have resulted in such indebtedness becoming or being declared due and payable prior to the date on which it would otherwise have become due and payable, without such acceleration having been rescinded or annulled or cured within 30 days after we receive notice of the default; and

·
events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization.
 

 
31

 
An event of default of one series of debt securities does not necessarily constitute an event of default with respect to any other series of debt securities.
 
There may be such other or different events of default as described in an applicable subsequent filing with respect to any class or series of offered debt securities.
 
In case an event of default occurs and continues for the debt securities of any series, the applicable trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the debt securities then outstanding of that series may declare the principal and accrued but unpaid interest of the debt securities of that series to be due and payable.  Any event of default for the debt securities of any series which has been cured may be waived by the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the debt securities of that series then outstanding.
 
Each indenture requires us to file annually after debt securities are issued under that indenture with the applicable trustee a written statement signed by two of our officers as to the absence of material defaults under the terms of that indenture.  Each indenture provides that the applicable trustee may withhold notice to the holders of any default if it considers it in the interest of the holders to do so, except notice of a default in payment of principal, premium or interest.
 
Subject to the duties of the trustee in case an event of default occurs and continues, each indenture provides that the trustee is under no obligation to exercise any of its rights or powers under that indenture at the request, order or direction of holders unless the holders have offered to the trustee reasonable indemnity.  Subject to these provisions for indemnification and the rights of the trustee, each indenture provides that the holders of a majority in principal amount of the debt securities of any series then outstanding have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on the trustee as long as the exercise of that right does not conflict with any law or the indenture.
 
Defeasance and Discharge
 
The terms of each indenture provide us with the option to be discharged from any and all obligations in respect of the debt securities issued thereunder upon the deposit with the trustee, in trust, of money or U.S. government obligations, or both, which through the payment of interest and principal in accordance with their terms will provide money in an amount sufficient to pay any installment of principal, premium and interest on, and any mandatory sinking fund payments in respect of, the debt securities on the stated maturity of the payments in accordance with the terms of the debt securities and the indenture governing the debt securities.  This right may only be exercised if, among other things, we have received from, or there has been published by, the United States Internal Revenue Service a ruling to the effect that such a discharge will not be deemed, or result in, a taxable event with respect to holders.  This discharge would not apply to our obligations to register the transfer or exchange of debt securities, to replace stolen, lost or mutilated debt securities, to maintain paying agencies and hold moneys for payment in trust.
 

 
32

 

Defeasance of Certain Covenants
 
The terms of the debt securities provide us with the right to omit complying with specified covenants and that specified events of default described in a subsequent filing will not apply. In order to exercise this right, we will be required to deposit with the trustee money or U.S. government obligations, or both, which through the payment of interest and principal will provide money in an amount sufficient to pay principal, premium, if any, and interest on, and any mandatory sinking fund payments in respect of, the debt securities on the stated maturity of such payments in accordance with the terms of the debt securities and the indenture governing such debt securities. We will also be required to deliver to the trustee an opinion of counsel to the effect that we have received from, or there has been published by, the IRS a ruling to the effect that the deposit and related covenant defeasance will not cause the holders of such series to recognize income, gain or loss for United States federal income tax purposes.
 
A subsequent filing may further describe the provisions, if any, of any particular series of offered debt securities permitting a discharge defeasance.
 
Subsidiary Guarantees
 
Our subsidiaries may guarantee the debt securities we offer.  In that case, the terms and conditions of the subsidiary guarantees will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.  Unless we indicate differently in the applicable prospectus supplement, if any of our subsidiaries guarantee any of our debt securities that are subordinated to any of our senior indebtedness, then the subsidiary guarantees will be subordinated to the senior indebtedness of such subsidiary to the same extent as our debt securities are subordinated to our senior indebtedness.

Global Securities
 
The debt securities of a series may be issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more global securities that will be deposited with, or on behalf of, a depository identified in an applicable subsequent filing and registered in the name of the depository or a nominee for the depository. In such a case, one or more global securities will be issued in a denomination or aggregate denominations equal to the portion of the aggregate principal amount of outstanding debt securities of the series to be represented by the global security or securities. Unless and until it is exchanged in whole or in part for debt securities in definitive certificated form, a global security may not be transferred except as a whole by the depository for the global security to a nominee of the depository or by a nominee of the depository to the depository or another nominee of the depository or by the depository or any nominee to a successor depository for that series or a nominee of the successor depository and except in the circumstances described in an applicable subsequent filing.
 
We expect that the following provisions will apply to depository arrangements for any portion of a series of debt securities to be represented by a global security.  Any additional or different terms of the depository arrangement will be described in an applicable subsequent filing.
 
Upon the issuance of any global security, and the deposit of that global security with or on behalf of the depository for the global security, the depository will credit, on its book-entry registration and transfer system, the principal amounts of the debt securities represented by that global security to the accounts of institutions that have accounts with the depository or its nominee. The accounts to be credited will be designated by the underwriters or agents engaging in the distribution of the debt securities or by us, if the debt securities are offered and sold directly by us. Ownership of beneficial interests in a global security will be limited to participating institutions or persons that may hold interest through such participating institutions.  Ownership of beneficial interests by participating institutions in the global security will be shown on, and the transfer of the beneficial interests will be effected only through, records maintained by the depository for the global security or by its nominee.  Ownership of beneficial interests in the global security by persons that hold through participating institutions will be shown on, and the transfer of the beneficial interests within the participating institutions will be effected only through, records maintained by those participating institutions. The laws of some jurisdictions may require that purchasers of securities take physical delivery of the securities in certificated form.  The foregoing limitations and such laws may impair the ability to transfer beneficial interests in the global securities.
 

 
33

 

So long as the depository for a global security, or its nominee, is the registered owner of that global security, the depository or its nominee, as the case may be, will be considered the sole owner or holder of the debt securities represented by the global security for all purposes under the applicable indenture.  Unless otherwise specified in an applicable subsequent filing and except as specified below, owners of beneficial interests in the global security will not be entitled to have debt securities of the series represented by the global security registered in their names, will not receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery of debt securities of the series in certificated form and will not be considered the holders thereof for any purposes under the indenture. Accordingly, each person owning a beneficial interest in the global security must rely on the procedures of the depository and, if such person is not a participating institution, on the procedures of the participating institution through which the person owns its interest, to exercise any rights of a holder under the indenture.
 
The depository may grant proxies and otherwise authorize participating institutions to give or take any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action which a holder is entitled to give or take under the applicable indenture. We understand that, under existing industry practices, if we request any action of holders or any owner of a beneficial interest in the global security desires to give any notice or take any action a holder is entitled to give or take under the applicable indenture, the depository would authorize the participating institutions to give the notice or take the action, and participating institutions would authorize beneficial owners owning through such participating institutions to give the notice or take the action or would otherwise act upon the instructions of beneficial owners owning through them.
 
Unless otherwise specified in applicable subsequent filings, payments of principal, premium and interest on debt securities represented by a global security registered in the name of a depository or its nominee will be made by us to the depository or its nominee, as the case may be, as the registered owner of the global security.
 
We expect that the depository for any debt securities represented by a global security, upon receipt of any payment of principal, premium or interest, will credit participating institutions' accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in the principal amount of the global security as shown on the records of the depository.  We also expect that payments by participating institutions to owners of beneficial interests in the global security held through those participating institutions will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with the securities held for the accounts of customers registered in street names, and will be the responsibility of those participating institutions. None of us, the trustees or any agent of ours or the trustees will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial interests in a global security, or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to those beneficial interests.
 
Unless otherwise specified in the applicable subsequent filings, a global security of any series will be exchangeable for certificated debt securities of the same series only if:
 
·
the depository for such global securities notifies us that it is unwilling or unable to continue as depository or such depository ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act and, in either case, a successor depository is not appointed by us within 90 days after we receive the notice or become aware of the ineligibility;
 

 
34

 

·
we in our sole discretion determine that the global securities shall be exchangeable for certificated debt securities; or
 
·
there shall have occurred and be continuing an event of default under the applicable indenture with respect to the debt securities of that series.
 
Upon any exchange, owners of beneficial interests in the global security or securities will be entitled to physical delivery of individual debt securities in certificated form of like tenor and terms equal in principal amount to their beneficial interests, and to have the debt securities in certificated form registered in the names of the beneficial owners, which names are expected to be provided by the depository's relevant participating institutions to the applicable trustee.
 
In the event that the Depository Trust Company, or DTC, acts as depository for the global securities of any series, the global securities will be issued as fully registered securities registered in the name of Cede & Co., DTC's partnership nominee.
 
DTC is a member of the U.S. Federal Reserve System, a limited-purpose trust company under New York State banking law and a registered clearing agency with the U.S Securities and Exchange Commission. Established in 1973, DTC was created to reduce costs and provide clearing and settlement efficiencies by immobilizing securities and making "book-entry" changes to ownership of the securities. DTC provides securities movements for the net settlements of the National Securities Clearing Corporation, or NSCC, and settlement for institutional trades (which typically involve money and securities transfers between custodian banks and broker/dealers), as well as money market instruments.
 
DTC is a subsidiary of The Depository Trust & Clearing Company, or DTCC. DTCC is a holding company established in 1999 to combine DTC and NSCC. DTCC, through its subsidiaries, provides clearing, settlement and information services for equities, corporate and municipal bonds, government and mortgage backed securities, money market instruments and over the-counter derivatives. In addition, DTCC is a leading processor of mutual funds and insurance transactions, linking funds and carriers with their distribution networks. DTCC's customer base extends to thousands of companies within the global financial services industry. DTCC serves brokers, dealers, institutional investors, banks, trust companies, mutual fund companies, insurance carriers, hedge funds and other financial intermediaries – either directly or through correspondent relationships.
 
DTCC is industry-owned by its customers who are members of the financial community, such as banks, broker/dealers, mutual funds and other financial institutions. DTCC operates on an at-cost basis, returning excess revenue from transaction fees to its member firms. All services provided by DTC are regulated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
 
The 2011 DTCC Board of Directors is composed of 19 directors serving one-year terms. Thirteen directors are representatives of clearing agency participants, including international broker/dealers, custodian and clearing banks, and investment institutions; of these, two directors are designated by DTCC's preferred shareholders, which are NYSE Euronext and FINRA. Three directors are from non-participants. The remaining three are the chairman, chief executive officer and president, and chief operating officer of DTCC. All of the Board members except those designated by the preferred shareholders are elected annually.
 

 
35

 

To facilitate subsequent transfers, the debt securities may be registered in the name of DTC's nominee, Cede & Co.  The deposit of the debt securities with DTC and their registration in the name of Cede & Co. will effect no change in beneficial ownership.  DTC has no knowledge of the actual beneficial owners of the debt securities.  DTC's records reflect only the identity of the direct participating institutions to whose accounts debt securities are credited, which may or may not be the beneficial owners.  The participating institutions remain responsible for keeping account of their holdings on behalf of their customers.
 
Delivery of notices and other communications by DTC to direct participating institutions, by direct participating institutions to indirect participating institutions, and by direct participating institutions and indirect participating institutions to beneficial owners of debt securities are governed by arrangements among them, subject to any statutory or regulatory requirements as may be in effect.
 
Neither DTC nor Cede & Co. consents or votes with respect to the debt securities.  Under its usual procedures, DTC mails a proxy to the issuer as soon as possible after the record date.  The proxy assigns Cede & Co.'s consenting or voting rights to those direct participating institution to whose accounts the debt securities are credited on the record date.
 
If applicable, redemption notices shall be sent to Cede & Co.  If less than all of the debt securities of a series represented by global securities are being redeemed, DTC's practice is to determine by lot the amount of the interest of each direct participating institutions in that issue to be redeemed.
 
To the extent that any debt securities provide for repayment or repurchase at the option of the holders thereof, a beneficial owner shall give notice of any option to elect to have its interest in the global security repaid by us, through its participating institution, to the applicable trustee, and shall effect delivery of the interest in a global security by causing the direct participating institution to transfer the direct participating institution's interest in the global security or securities representing the interest, on DTC's records, to the applicable trustee. The requirement for physical delivery of debt securities in connection with a demand for repayment or repurchase will be deemed satisfied when the ownership rights in the global security or securities representing the debt securities are transferred by direct participating institutions on DTC's records.
 
DTC may discontinue providing its services as securities depository for the debt securities at any time.  Under such circumstances, in the event that a successor securities depository is not appointed, debt security certificates are required to be printed and delivered as described above.
 
We may decide to discontinue use of the system of book-entry transfers through the securities depository.  In that event, debt security certificates will be printed and delivered as described above.
 
The information in this section concerning DTC and DTC's book-entry system has been obtained from sources that we believe to be reliable, but we take no responsibility for its accuracy.
 

 
36

 


 
DESCRIPTION OF PURCHASE CONTRACTS
 
We may issue purchase contracts for the purchase or sale of:
 
·
debt or equity securities issued by us or securities of third parties, a basket of such securities, an index or indices of such securities or any combination of the above as specified in the applicable prospectus supplement;
 
·
currencies; or
 
·
commodities.
 
Each purchase contract will entitle the holder thereof to purchase or sell, and obligate us to sell or purchase, on specified dates, such securities, currencies or commodities at a specified purchase price, which may be based on a formula, all as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.  We may, however, satisfy our obligations, if any, with respect to any purchase contract by delivering the cash value of such purchase contract or the cash value of the property otherwise deliverable or, in the case of purchase contracts on underlying currencies, by delivering the underlying currencies, as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.  The applicable prospectus supplement will also specify the methods by which the holders may purchase or sell such securities, currencies or commodities and any acceleration, cancellation or termination provision, provisions relating to U.S. federal income tax considerations, if any, or other provisions relating to the settlement of a purchase contract.
 
The purchase contracts may require us to make periodic payments to the holders thereof or vice versa, which payments may be deferred to the extent set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, and those payments may be unsecured or pre-funded on some basis.  The purchase contracts may require the holders thereof to secure their obligations in a specified manner to be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.  Alternatively, purchase contracts may require holders to satisfy their obligations thereunder when the purchase contracts are issued.  Our obligation to settle such pre-paid purchase contracts on the relevant settlement date may constitute indebtedness.  Accordingly, pre-paid purchase contracts will be issued under either the senior indenture or the subordinated indenture.
 

 
37

 

DESCRIPTION OF UNITS
 
As specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, we may issue units consisting of one or more purchase contracts, warrants, debt securities, preferred shares, common shares or any combination of such securities.  The applicable prospectus supplement will describe:
 
·
the terms of the units and of the purchase contracts, warrants, debt securities, preferred shares and common shares comprising the units, including whether and under what circumstances the securities comprising the units may be traded separately;
 
·
a description of the terms of any unit agreement governing the units;
 
·
if applicable, a discussion of any material U.S. federal income tax considerations; and
 
·
a description of the provisions for the payment, settlement, transfer or exchange of the units.
 

 
38

 
 
TAX CONSIDERATIONS
 
The following is a discussion of the material Liberian, Marshall Islands and United States federal income tax considerations applicable to us and U.S. Holders and Non-U.S. Holders, each as defined below, of our common stock.   This summary does not purport to deal with all aspects of United States federal income taxation, Liberian taxation or Marshall Islands taxation that may be relevant to an investor's decision to purchase common stock, nor any tax consequences arising under the laws of any state, locality or other foreign jurisdiction. This summary is not intended to be applicable to all categories of investors, such as dealers in securities, banks, thrifts or other financial institutions, insurance companies, regulated investment companies, tax-exempt organizations, United States expatriates, persons that hold common stock as part of a straddle, persons who own 10% or more of our outstanding stock, persons deemed to sell the common stock under the constructive sale provisions of the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, United States Holders (as defined below) whose "functional currency" is other than the United States dollar, partnerships or other pass-through entities, or persons who acquire or are deemed to have acquired the common stock in an exchange or for property other than cash, or holders subject to the alternative minimum tax, each of which may be subject to special rules. In addition, this discussion is limited to persons who hold the common stock as "capital assets" (generally, property held for investment) within the meaning of Code Section 1221.
 
Marshall Islands Tax Considerations
 
In the opinion of Seward & Kissel LLP, the following are the material Marshall Islands tax consequences of our activities to us and holders of our common shares. We are incorporated in the Marshall Islands. Under current Marshall Islands law, we are not subject to tax on income or capital gains, and no Marshall Islands withholding tax will be imposed upon payments of dividends by us to our shareholders.
 
Liberian Tax Considerations
 
The Republic of Liberia enacted a new income tax act effective as of January 1, 2001, or the New Act.  In contrast to the income tax law previously in effect since 1977, the Prior Law which the New Act repealed in its entirety, the New Act does not distinguish between the taxation of a non resident Liberian corporation, such as our Liberian subsidiaries, which conduct no business in Liberia and which was wholly exempted from tax under the Prior Law, and the taxation of ordinary resident Liberian corporations.
 
In 2004, the Liberian Ministry of Finance issued regulations pursuant to which a non-resident domestic corporation engaged in international shipping, such as our Liberian subsidiaries, will not be subject to tax under the New Act retroactive to January 1, 2001, or the New Regulations.  In addition, the Liberian Ministry of Justice issued an opinion that the New Regulations were a valid exercise of the regulatory authority of the Ministry of Finance.  Therefore, assuming that the New Regulations are valid, our Liberian subsidiaries will be wholly exempt from Liberian income tax as under the Prior Law. In 2009, the Liberian Congress enacted the Economic Stimulus Taxation Act of 2009, which reinstates the treatment of non-resident Liberian corporation, such as our Liberian subsidiaries, under Prior Law retroactive to January 1, 2001.  This legislation will become effective when it is finally published by the Liberian government.
 

 
39

 

If our Liberian subsidiaries were subject to Liberian income tax under the New Act, they would be subject to tax at a rate of 35% on their worldwide income.  As a result, their, and subsequently our, net income and cash flow would be materially reduced by the amount of the applicable tax.  In addition, we, as shareholder of the Liberian subsidiaries, would be subject to Liberian withholding tax on dividends paid by the Liberian subsidiaries at rates ranging from 15% to 20%.
 
United States Federal Income Tax Considerations
 
The following are the material United States federal income tax consequences to us of our activities and to United States Holders and Non-United States Holders, each as defined below, of the ownership of common shares. The following discussion of United States federal income tax matters is based on the Code, judicial decisions, administrative pronouncements, and existing and proposed regulations issued by the United States Department of the Treasury, or the Treasury Regulations, all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect. The discussion below is based, in part, on the description of our business herein and assumes that we conduct our business as described herein. References in the following discussion to the "Company," "we," "our" and "us" are to Euroseas Ltd. and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis.
 
United States Federal Income Taxation of Operating Income: In General
 
We earn and anticipate that we will continue to earn substantially all our income from the hiring or leasing of vessels for use on a time charter basis, from participation in a pool or from the performance of services directly related to those uses, all of which we refer to as "shipping income."
 
Unless exempt from United States federal income taxation under the rules of Section 883 of the Code, or Section 883, as discussed below, a foreign corporation such as the Company will be subject to United States federal income taxation on its "shipping income" that is treated as derived from sources within the United States, which we refer to as "United States source shipping income." For United States federal income tax purposes, "United States source shipping income" includes 50% of shipping income that is attributable to transportation that begins or ends, but that does not both begin and end, in the United States.
 
Shipping income attributable to transportation exclusively between non-United States ports will be considered to be 100% derived from sources entirely outside the United States. Shipping income derived from sources outside the United States will not be subject to any United States federal income tax.
 
Shipping income attributable to transportation exclusively between United States ports is considered to be 100% derived from United States sources. However, we are not permitted by United States law to engage in the transportation of cargoes that produces 100% United States source shipping income.
 
Unless exempt from tax under Section 883, our gross United States source shipping income would be subject to a 4% tax imposed without allowance for deductions, as described more fully below.
 
Exemption of Operating Income from United States Federal Income Taxation
 
Under Section 883 and the Treasury Regulations thereunder, a foreign corporation will be exempt from United States federal income taxation on its United States source shipping income if:
 
(1)           it is organized in a "qualified foreign country," which is one that grants an "equivalent exemption" from tax to corporations organized in the United States in respect of each category of shipping income for which exemption is being claimed under Section 883; and
 

 
40

 

(2)           one of the following tests is met:
 
(A)          more than 50% of the value of its shares is beneficially owned, directly or indirectly, by "qualified shareholders," which as defined includes individuals who are "residents" of a qualified foreign country, which we refer to as the 50% Ownership Test; or
 
(B)          its shares are "primarily and regularly traded on an established securities market" in a qualified foreign country or in the United States, to which we refer as the Publicly-Traded Test.
 
The Republic of the Marshall Islands, Liberia and Panama, the jurisdictions where we and our ship-owning subsidiaries are incorporated, has been officially recognized by the United States Internal Revenue Service, or the IRS, as a qualified foreign country that grants the requisite "equivalent exemption" from tax in respect of each category of shipping income we earn and currently expect to earn in the future. Therefore, we will be exempt from United States federal income taxation with respect to our United States source shipping income if we satisfy either the 50% Ownership Test or the Publicly-Traded Test.
 
We do not currently anticipate a circumstance under which we would be able to satisfy the 50% Ownership Test.  Therefore, our ability to qualify for exemption under Section 883 is solely dependent upon satisfaction of the Publicly-Traded Test as discussed below.
 
Publicly-Traded Test
 
The Treasury Regulations under Section 883 provide, in pertinent part, that shares of a foreign corporation will be considered to be "primarily traded" on an established securities market in a country if the number of shares of each class of stock that are traded during any taxable year on all established securities markets in that country exceeds the number of shares in each such class that are traded during that year on established securities markets in any other single country. Our common shares, which constitute our sole class of issued and outstanding stock, are "primarily traded" on the NASDAQ Global Select Market.
 
Under the Treasury Regulations, our common shares will be considered to be "regularly traded" on an established securities market if one or more classes of our stock representing more than 50% of our outstanding stock, by both total combined voting power of all classes of stock entitled to vote and total value, are listed on such market, to which we refer as the Listing Threshold. Since our common shares are listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market, we expect to satisfy the Listing Threshold.
 
It is further required that with respect to each class of stock relied upon to meet the Listing Threshold, (i) such class of stock is traded on the market, other than in minimal quantities, on at least 60 days during the taxable year or one-sixth of the days in a short taxable year, or the "Trading Frequency Test"; and (ii) the aggregate number of shares of such class of stock traded on such market during the taxable year is at least 10% of the average number of shares of such class of stock outstanding during such year or as appropriately adjusted in the case of a short taxable year, or the Trading Volume Test. The Company currently satisfies and anticipates that it will continue to satisfy the Trading Frequency Test and Trading Volume Test. Even if this were not the case, the Treasury Regulations provide that the Trading Frequency Test and Trading Volume Tests will be deemed satisfied if, as is the case with our common shares, such class of stock is traded on an established securities market in the United States and such class of stock is regularly quoted by dealers making a market in such stock.
 

 
41

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Treasury Regulations provide, in pertinent part, that a class of stock will not be considered to be "regularly traded" on an established securities market for any taxable year during which 50% or more of the vote and value of the outstanding shares of such class are owned, actually or constructively under specified attribution rules, on more than half the days during the taxable year by persons who each own 5% or more of the vote and value of such class of outstanding shares, to which we refer as the "5% Override Rule."
 
For purposes of being able to determine the persons who actually or constructively own 5% or more of the vote and value of our common shares, or 5% Shareholders, the Treasury Regulations permit us to rely on those persons that are identified on Schedule 13G and Schedule 13D filings with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, as owning 5% or more of our common shares. The Treasury Regulations further provide that an investment company which is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, will not be treated as a 5% Shareholder for such purposes.
 
In the event the 5% Override Rule is triggered, the Treasury Regulations provide that the 5% Override Rule will nevertheless not apply if we can establish that within the group of 5% Shareholders, there are sufficient qualified shareholders for purposes of Section 883 to preclude non-qualified shareholders in such group from owning 50% or more of our common shares for more than half the number of days during the taxable year.  In order to benefit from this exception to the 5% Override Rule, the Company must satisfy certain substantiation requirements in regards to the identify of its 5% Shareholders.
 
Based on Schedule 13G and Schedule 13D filings with the SEC, the Company believes that the 5% Override Rule may have been triggered for the 2010 taxable year, in which case the Company will not satisfy the Publicly-Traded Test for the 2010 taxable year unless within the group of our 5% Shareholders there were sufficient qualified 5% Shareholders to preclude nonqualified 5% Shareholders from owning 50% or more of our common shares for more than half the number of days during the 2010 taxable year.  We believe that, during the 2010 taxable year, there existed sufficient qualified 5% Shareholders for us to avail ourselves of this exception to the 5% Override Rule.  We intend to take this position on our United Sates federal income tax return for the 2010 taxable year and expects that we will be able to satisfy the substantiation requirements in regards to our 5% Shareholders.
 
Accordingly, we believe that we currently satisfy the Publicly-Traded Test. However, there are factual circumstances beyond our control that could cause us to lose the benefit of the Section 883 exemption. For example, if we trigger the 5% Override Rule for any future taxable year, there is no assurance that we will have sufficient qualified 5% Shareholders to preclude nonqualified 5% Shareholders from owning 50% or more of our common shares for more than half the number of days during such taxable year, or that we will be able to satisfy the substantiation requirements in regards to our 5% Shareholders.
 
United States Federal Income Taxation In Absence of Section 883 Exemption
 
If the benefits of Section 883 are unavailable, our United States source shipping income would be subject to a 4% tax imposed by Section 887 of the Code on a gross basis, without the benefit of deductions, which we refer to as the 4% gross basis tax regime, to the extent that such income is not considered to be "effectively connected" with the conduct of a United States trade or business, as described below. Since under the sourcing rules described above, no more than 50% of our shipping income would be treated as being United States source shipping income, the maximum effective rate of United States federal income tax on our shipping income would never exceed 2% under the 4% gross basis tax regime.
 

 
42

 

To the extent our United States source shipping income is considered to be "effectively connected" with the conduct of a United States trade or business, as described below, any such "effectively connected" United States source shipping income, net of applicable deductions, would be subject to United States federal income tax, currently imposed at rates of up to 35%. In addition, we would generally be subject to the 30% "branch profits" tax on earnings effectively connected with the conduct of such trade or business, as determined after allowance for certain adjustments, and on certain interest paid or deemed paid attributable to the conduct of our United States trade or business.
 
Our United States source shipping income would be considered "effectively connected" with the conduct of a United States trade or business only if:
 
 
·
we have, or are considered to have, a fixed place of business in the United States involved in the earning of United States source shipping income; and
 
 
·
substantially all of our United States source shipping income is attributable to regularly scheduled transportation, such as the operation of a vessel that follows a published schedule with repeated sailings at regular intervals between the same points for voyages that begin or end in the United States.
 
We do not currently have, intend to have, or permit circumstances that would result in having, any vessel sailing to or from the United States on a regularly scheduled basis. Based on the foregoing and on the expected mode of our shipping operations and other activities, it is anticipated that none of our United States source shipping income will be "effectively connected" with the conduct of a United States trade or business.
 
United States Federal Income Taxation of Gain on Sale of Vessels
 
If we qualify for exemption from tax under Section 883 in respect of the shipping income derived from the international operation of our vessels, then gain from the sale of any such vessel should likewise be exempt from United States federal income tax under Section 883. If, however, our shipping income from such vessels does not for whatever reason qualify for exemption under Section 883, then any gain on the sale of a vessel will be subject to United States federal income tax if such sale occurs in the United States. To the extent possible, we intend to structure the sales of our vessels so that the gain therefrom is not subject to United States federal income tax. However, there is no assurance we will be able to do so.
 
United States Federal Income Taxation of United States Holders
 
The following is a discussion of the material United States federal income tax considerations relevant to an investment decision by a United States Holder, as defined below, with respect to our common shares. This discussion does not purport to deal with the tax consequences of owning common shares to all categories of investors, some of which may be subject to special rules.  This discussion only addresses considerations relevant to those United States Holders who purchase common shares in an offering made under this prospectus and hold such shares as capital assets, that is, generally for investment purposes.  You are encouraged to consult your own tax advisors concerning the overall tax consequences arising in your own particular situation under United States federal, state, local or foreign law of the ownership of common shares.
 
As used herein, the term United States Holder means a beneficial owner of common shares that is an individual United States citizen or resident, a United States corporation or other United States entity taxable as a corporation, an estate the income of which is subject to United States federal income taxation regardless of its source, or a trust if a court within the United States is able to exercise primary jurisdiction over the administration of the trust and one or more United States persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust.
 

 
43

 

If a partnership holds our common shares, the tax treatment of a partner will generally depend upon the status of the partner and upon the activities of the partnership. If you are a partner in a partnership holding common shares, you are encouraged to consult your tax advisor.
 
Distributions
 
Subject to the discussion of passive foreign investment companies below, any distributions made by us with respect to our common shares to a United States Holder will generally constitute dividends to the extent of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under United States federal income tax principles. Distributions in excess of such earnings and profits will be treated first as a nontaxable return of capital to the extent of the United States Holder's tax basis in his common shares on a dollar-for-dollar basis and thereafter as capital gain. Because we are not a United States corporation, United States Holders that are corporations will not be entitled to claim a dividends received deduction with respect to any distributions they receive from us. Dividends paid with respect to our common shares will generally be treated as "passive category income" for purposes of computing allowable foreign tax credits for United States foreign tax credit purposes.
 
Dividends paid on our common shares to a United States Holder who is an individual, trust or estate, or a United States Non-Corporate Holder will generally be treated as "qualified dividend income" that is taxable to such United States Non-Corporate Holder at preferential tax rates (through 2012) provided that (1) the common shares are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States (such as the NASDAQ Global Select Market, on which our common shares are traded); (2) we are not a passive foreign investment company for the taxable year during which the dividend is paid or the immediately preceding taxable year (which, as discussed below, we have not been, are not and do not anticipate being in the future); (3) the United States Non-Corporate Holder has owned the common shares for more than 60 days in the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the date on which the common shares become ex-dividend; and (4) the United States Non-Corporate Holder is not under an obligation to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property.
 
Legislation has been previously introduced in the United States Congress which, if enacted in its present form, would preclude our dividends from qualifying for such preferential rates prospectively from the date of its enactment. Further, in the absence of legislation extending the term of the preferential tax rates for qualified dividend income, all dividends received by a taxpayer in tax years beginning on January 1, 2013 or later will be taxed at ordinary graduated tax rates. Any distributions out of earnings and profits we pay which are not eligible for these preferential rates will be taxed as ordinary income to a United States Non-Corporate Holder.
 
Special rules may apply to any "extraordinary dividend"—generally, a dividend in an amount which is equal to or in excess of 10% of a shareholder's adjusted tax basis in his common shares—paid by us. If we pay an "extraordinary dividend" on our common shares that is treated as "qualified dividend income," then any loss derived by a United States Non-Corporate Holder from the sale or exchange of such common shares will be treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of such dividend.
 
Sale, Exchange or Other Disposition of Common Shares
 
Assuming we do not constitute a passive foreign investment company for any taxable year, a United States Holder generally will recognize taxable gain or loss upon a sale, exchange or other disposition of our common shares in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized by the United States Holder from such sale, exchange or other disposition and the United States Holder's tax basis in such shares. Such gain or loss will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the United States Holder's holding period is greater than one year at the time of the sale, exchange or other disposition.
 

 
44

 

Such capital gain or loss will generally be treated as United States source income or loss, as applicable, for United States foreign tax credit purposes. Long-term capital gains of United States Non-Corporate Holders are currently eligible for reduced rates of taxation. A United States Holder's ability to deduct capital losses is subject to certain limitations.
 
Passive Foreign Investment Company Status and Significant Tax Consequences
 
Special United States federal income tax rules apply to a United States Holder that holds shares in a foreign corporation classified as a "passive foreign investment company", or a PFIC, for United States federal income tax purposes. In general, we will be treated as a PFIC with respect to a United States Holder if, for any taxable year in which such Holder holds our common shares, either:
 
 
·
at least 75% of our gross income for such taxable year consists of passive income (e.g., dividends, interest, capital gains and rents derived other than in the active conduct of a rental business); or
 
 
·
at least 50% of the average value of our assets during such taxable year produce, or are held for the production of, passive income.
 
For purposes of determining whether we are a PFIC, we will be treated as earning and owning our proportionate share of the income and assets, respectively, of any of our subsidiary corporations in which we own at least 25% of the value of the subsidiary's stock. Income earned, or deemed earned, by us in connection with the performance of services would not constitute passive income. By contrast, rental income would generally constitute "passive income" unless we were treated under specific rules as deriving our rental income in the active conduct of a trade or business.
 
Based on our current operations and future projections, we do not believe that we have been, are, nor do we expect to become, a passive foreign investment company with respect to any taxable year. Although there is no legal authority directly on point, our belief is based principally on the position that, for purposes of determining whether we are a passive foreign investment company, the gross income we derive or are deemed to derive from the time chartering and voyage chartering activities of our wholly-owned subsidiaries should constitute services income, rather than rental income.  Accordingly, such income should not constitute passive income, and the assets that we own and operate in connection with the production of such income, in particular, the vessels, should not constitute assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income for purposes of determining whether we are a PFIC. Therefore, based on our current operations and future projections, we should not be treated as a PFIC with respect to any taxable year. There is substantial legal authority supporting this position, consisting of case law and IRS pronouncements concerning the characterization of income derived from time charters and voyage charters as services income for other tax purposes. However, there is also authority that characterizes time charter income as rental income rather than services income for other tax purposes. It should be noted that in the absence of any legal authority specifically relating to the statutory provisions governing PFICs, the IRS or a court could disagree with our position. Furthermore, although we intend to conduct our affairs in a manner to avoid being classified as a PFIC with respect to any taxable year, we cannot assure you that the nature of our operations will not change in the future.
 
As discussed more fully below, if we were to be treated as a PFIC for any taxable year, a United States Holder would be subject to different United States federal income taxation rules depending on whether the United States Holder makes an election to treat us as a "Qualified Electing Fund," which election we refer to as a QEF election. As an alternative to making a QEF election, a United States Holder should be able to make a "mark-to-market" election with respect to our common shares, as discussed below.  In addition, if we were to be treated as a PFIC for taxable years beginning after March 18, 2010, a U.S. Holder of our common stock would be required to file annual information returns with the IRS.
 

 
45

 

Taxation of United States Holders Making a Timely QEF Election
 
If a United States Holder makes a timely QEF election, which United States Holder we refer to as an "Electing Holder," the Electing Holder must report for United States federal income tax purposes his pro rata share of our ordinary earnings and net capital gain, if any, for each taxable year of the Company during which it is a PFIC that ends with or within the taxable year of the Electing Holder, regardless of whether distributions were received from us by the Electing Holder. No portion of any such inclusions of ordinary earnings will be treated as "qualified dividend income." Net capital gain inclusions of United States Non-Corporate Holders would be eligible for preferential capital gain tax rates. The Electing Holder's adjusted tax basis in the common shares will be increased to reflect taxed but undistributed earnings and profits. Distributions of earnings and profits that had been previously taxed will result in a corresponding reduction in the adjusted tax basis in the common shares and will not be taxed again once distributed. An Electing Holder would not, however, be entitled to a deduction for its pro rata share of any losses that we incur with respect to any taxable year. An Electing Holder would generally recognize capital gain or loss on the sale, exchange or other disposition of our common shares. A United States Holder would make a timely QEF election for our shares by filing one copy of IRS Form 8621 with his United States federal income tax return for the first year in which he held such shares when we were a PFIC. If we were to be treated as a PFIC for any taxable year, we would provide each United States Holder with all necessary information in order to make the QEF election described above.
 
Taxation of United States Holders Making a "Mark-to-Market" Election
 
Alternatively, if we were to be treated as a PFIC for any taxable year and, as we anticipate will be the case, our common shares are treated as "marketable stock," a United States Holder would be allowed to make a "mark-to-market" election with respect to our common shares, provided the United States Holder completes and files IRS Form 8621 in accordance with the relevant instructions and related Treasury Regulations.  Since our stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market, we believe that our stock can be treated as "marketable stock".  If that election is made, the United States Holder generally would include as ordinary income in each taxable year the excess, if any, of the fair market value of the common shares at the end of the taxable year over such Holder's adjusted tax basis in the common shares. The United States Holder would also be permitted an ordinary loss in respect of the excess, if any, of the United States Holder's adjusted tax basis in the common shares over its fair market value at the end of the taxable year, but only to the extent of the net amount previously included in income as a result of the mark-to-market election. A United States Holder's tax basis in his common shares would be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amount. Gain realized on the sale, exchange or other disposition of our common shares would be treated as ordinary income, and any loss realized on the sale, exchange or other disposition of the common shares would be treated as ordinary loss to the extent that such loss does not exceed the net mark-to-market gains previously included by the United States Holder.
 
Taxation of United States Holders Not Making a Timely QEF or Mark-to-Market Election
 
Finally, if we were to be treated as a PFIC for any taxable year, a United States Holder who does not make either a QEF election or a "mark-to-market" election for that year, whom we refer to as a Non-Electing Holder, would be subject to special rules with respect to (1) any excess distribution (i.e., the portion of any distributions received by the Non-Electing Holder on the common shares in a taxable year in excess of 125% of the average annual distributions received by the Non-Electing Holder in the three preceding taxable years, or, if shorter, the Non-Electing Holder's holding period for the common shares), and (2) any gain realized on the sale, exchange or other disposition of our common shares. Under these special rules:
 

 
46

 

 
·
the excess distribution or gain would be allocated ratably over the Non-Electing Holder's aggregate holding period for the common shares;
 
 
·
the amount allocated to the current taxable year, and any taxable year prior to the first taxable year in which we were a PFIC, would be taxed as ordinary income and would not be "qualified dividend income"; and
 
 
·
the amount allocated to each of the other taxable years would be subject to tax at the highest rate of tax in effect for the applicable class of taxpayer for that year, and an interest charge for the deemed tax deferral benefit would be imposed with respect to the resulting tax attributable to each such other taxable year.
 
United States Federal Income Taxation of "Non-United States Holders"
 
A beneficial owner of common shares (other than a partnership) that is not a United States Holder is referred to herein as a Non-United States Holder.
 
If a partnership holds common shares, the tax treatment of a partner will generally depend upon the status of the partner and upon the activities of the partnership. If you are a partner in a partnership holding common shares, you are encouraged to consult your tax advisor.
 
Dividends on Common Stock
 
A Non-United States Holder generally will not be subject to United States federal income tax or withholding tax on dividends received from us with respect to our common shares, unless that income is effectively connected with the Non-United States Holder's conduct of a trade or business in the United States. If the Non-United States Holder is entitled to the benefits of a United States income tax treaty with respect to those dividends, that income is subject to United Stated federal income tax only if it is attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by the Non-United States Holder in the United States.
 
Sale, Exchange or Other Disposition of Common Shares
 
Non-United States Holders generally will not be subject to United States federal income tax or withholding tax on any gain realized upon the sale, exchange or other disposition of our common shares, unless:
 
 
·
the gain is effectively connected with the Non-United States Holder's conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if the Non-United States Holder is entitled to the benefits of a United States income tax treaty with respect to that gain, that gain is attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by the Non-United States Holder in the United States); or
 
 
·
the Non-United States Holder is an individual who is present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year of disposition and other conditions are met.
 

 
47

 

If the Non-United States Holder is engaged in a United States trade or business for United States federal income tax purposes, dividends on the common shares, and gains from the sale, exchange or other disposition of such shares, that are effectively connected with the conduct of that trade or business will generally be subject to regular United States federal income tax in the same manner as discussed in the previous section relating to the taxation of United States Holders. In addition, if you are a corporate Non-United States Holder, your earnings and profits that are attributable to the effectively connected income, subject to certain adjustments, may be subject to an additional "branch profits" tax at a rate of 30%, or at a lower rate as may be specified by an applicable United States income tax treaty.
 
Backup Withholding and Information Reporting
 
In general, dividend payments, or other taxable distributions, made within the United States to you will be subject to information reporting requirements if you are a non-corporate United States Holder. Such payments or distributions may also be subject to backup withholding if you are a non-corporate United States Holder and you:
 
 
·
fail to provide an accurate taxpayer identification number;
 
 
·
are notified by the IRS that you have failed to report all interest or dividends required to be shown on your United States federal income tax returns; or
 
 
·
in certain circumstances, fail to comply with applicable certification requirements.
 
Non-United States Holders may be required to establish their exemption from information reporting and backup withholding by certifying their status on IRS Form W-8BEN, W-8ECI or W-8IMY, as applicable.
 
If you are a Non-United States Holder and you sell your common shares to or through a United States office of a broker, the payment of the proceeds is subject to both United States backup withholding and information reporting unless you certify that you are a non-United States person, under penalties of perjury, or you otherwise establish an exemption. If you sell your common shares through a non-United States office of a non-United States broker and the sales proceeds are paid to you outside the United States, then information reporting and backup withholding generally will not apply to that payment. However, United States information reporting requirements, but not backup withholding, will apply to a payment of sales proceeds, even if that payment is made to you outside the United States, if you sell your common shares through a non-United States office of a broker that is a United States person or has some other contacts with the United States. Such information reporting requirements will not apply, however, if the broker has documentary evidence in its records that you are a non-United States person and certain other conditions are met, or you otherwise establish an exemption.
 
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Rather, you generally may obtain a refund of any amounts withheld under backup withholding rules that exceed your United States federal income tax liability by filing a refund claim with the IRS.
 

 
48

 

EXPENSES
 
The following are the estimated expenses of the issuance and distribution of the securities being registered under the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, all of which will be paid by us.
 
SEC registration fee
  $ 50,261  
FINRA fee
  $ 43,791  
Legal fees and expenses
  $ 20,000  
Accounting fees and expenses
  $ 30,000  
Indenture trustee fees and expenses
  $   *
Rating agency fees
  $   *
Transfer Agent fees
  $   *
Miscellaneous
  $ 5,000  
Total
  $ 149,052 *

*
To be updated, if necessary, by amendment, supplement or as an exhibit to Report on Form 6-K that is incorporated by reference into this registration statement.
 
EXPERTS
 
The consolidated financial statements, incorporated in this Prospectus by reference from the Company's Annual Report on Form 20-F and the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting have been audited by Deloitte. Hadjipavlou, Sofianos & Cambanis S.A., independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their reports, which are incorporated by reference.  Such consolidated financial statements have been so incorporated in reliance upon the report of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.
 
LEGAL MATTERS
 
The validity of the securities offered by this prospectus will be passed upon for us by Seward & Kissel LLP, New York, New York, with respect to matters of the law of the Republic of the Marshall Islands and with respect to matters of United States and New York law.
 
WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
 
As required by the Securities Act of 1933, we filed a registration statement relating to the securities offered by this prospectus with the Commission.  This prospectus is a part of that registration statement, which includes additional information.
 
Government Filings
 
We file annual and special reports with the Commission.  You may read and copy any document that we file and obtain copies at prescribed rates from the Commission's Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549.  You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the Commission at 1-800-SEC-0330.  The Commission maintains a website (http://www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the Commission.  In addition, you can obtain information about us at the offices of the NASDAQ Global Select Market.  Further information about our company is available on our website at http://www.euroseas.gr.  The information on our website does not constitute a part of this prospectus.
 

 
49

 

Information Incorporated by Reference
 
The Commission allows us to "incorporate by reference" information that we file with it.  This means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those filed documents.  The information incorporated by reference is considered to be a part of this prospectus, and information that we file later with the Commission prior to the termination of this offering will also be considered to be part of this prospectus and will automatically update and supersede previously filed information, including information contained in this document.
 
We incorporate by reference the documents listed below and any future filings made with the Commission under Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act:
 
·
Our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2010, filed with the Commission on May 27, 2011, which contains our audited consolidated financial statements for the most recent fiscal year for which those statements have been filed.
 
·
Our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet of June 30, 2011 and the statements of operations and cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, which are contained in our Report of Foreign Private Issuer on Form 6-K, filed with the Commission on September 26, 2011.
 
We are also incorporating by reference all subsequent annual reports on Form 20-F that we file with the Commission and certain current reports on Form 6-K that we furnish to the Commission after the date of this prospectus (if they state that they are incorporated by reference into this prospectus) until we file a post-effective amendment indicating that the offering of the securities made by this prospectus has been terminated.  In all cases, you should rely on the later information over different information included in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement.
 
You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement.  We have not, and any underwriters have not, authorized any other person to provide you with different information.  If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it.  We are not, and the underwriters are not, making an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.  You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement as well as the information we previously filed with the Commission and incorporated by reference, is accurate as of the dates on the front cover of those documents only.  Our business, financial condition and results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.
 
You may request a free copy of the above mentioned filings or any subsequent filing we incorporated by reference to this prospectus by writing or telephoning us at the following address:
 
Euroseas Ltd.
4 Messogiou & Evropis Street
151 25 Maroussi, Greece
011 30 211 1804005
 
 
50

 

Information provided by the Company
 
We will furnish holders of our common shares with annual reports containing audited financial statements and a report by our independent registered public accounting firm, and intend to furnish quarterly reports containing selected unaudited financial data for each quarter of each fiscal year. The audited financial statements will be prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and those reports will include a "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" section for the relevant periods.  As a "foreign private issuer", we are exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements to shareholders.  While we intend to furnish proxy statements to any shareholder in accordance with the rules of the NASDAQ Global Select Market, those proxy statements are not expected to conform to Schedule 14A of the proxy rules promulgated under the Exchange Act.  In addition, as a "foreign private issuer", we are exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act relating to short swing profit reporting and liability.
 

 
51

 

GLOSSARY OF SHIPPING TERMS
 
The following are definitions of certain terms that are commonly used in the shipping industry and in this prospectus.
 
Annual survey. The inspection of a vessel pursuant to international conventions, by a classification society surveyor, on behalf of the flag state, that takes place every year.
 
Ballast. A voyage during which the vessel is not laden with cargo.
 
Bareboat charter. A charter of a vessel under which the shipowner is usually paid a fixed daily or monthly rate for a certain period of time during which the charterer is responsible for the vessel operating expenses and voyage expenses of the vessel and for the management of the vessel. In this case, all voyage related costs, including vessel fuel, or bunker, and port dues as well as all vessel operating expenses, such as day-to-day operations, maintenance, crewing and insurance are paid by the charterer. A bareboat charter is also known as a "demise charter" or a "time charter by demise" and involves the use of a vessel usually over longer periods of time ranging over several years. The owner of the vessel receives monthly charterhire payments on a per day basis and is responsible only for the payment of capital costs related to the vessel.
 
Bunkers. Fuel oil used to operate a vessel's engines, generators and boilers.
 
Capesize. A drybulk carrier with a cargo-carrying capacity exceeding 80,000 dwt. These vessels generally operate along long haul iron ore and coal trade routes. Only the largest ports around the world possess the infrastructure to accommodate vessels of this size.
 
Charter. The hire of a vessel for a specified period of time or to carry a cargo for a fixed fee from a loading port to a discharging port. The contract for a charter is called a charterparty.
 
Charterer. The company that hires a vessel pursuant to a charter.
 
Charterhire. Money paid to the shipowner by a charterer for the use of a vessel under charter. Such payments are usually made during the course of the charter every 15 or 30 days in advance or in arrears by multiplying the daily charter rate times the number of days and, under a time charter only, subtracting any time the vessel was deemed to be off-hire. Under a bareboat charter such payments are usually made monthly and are calculated on a 360 or 365 day calendar year basis.
 
Charter rate. The amount of money agreed between the charterer and the shipowner accrued on a daily or monthly basis that is used to calculate the vessel's charterhire.
 
Classification society. An independent society that certifies that a vessel has been built and maintained according to the society's rules for that type of vessel and complies with the applicable rules and regulations of the country in which the vessel is registered, as well as the international conventions which that country has ratified. A vessel that receives its certification is referred to as being "in class" as of the date of issuance.
 
Containerships. Vessels which are specially designed and built to carry large numbers of containers.
 

 
52

 

Contract of affreightment. A contract of affreightment, or COA, relates to the carriage of specific quantities of cargo with multiple voyages over the same route and over a specific period of time which usually spans a number of years. A COA does not designate the specific vessels or voyage schedules that will transport the cargo, thereby providing both the charterer and shipowner greater operating flexibility than with voyage charters alone. The charterer has the flexibility to determine the individual voyage scheduling at a future date while the shipowner may use different ships to perform these individual voyages. As a result COAs are mostly entered into by large fleet operators such as pools or shipowners with large fleets of the same vessel type. All of the ship's operating, voyage and capital costs are borne by the shipowner while the freight rate normally is agreed on a per cargo ton basis.
 
Deadweight ton or "dwt" A unit of a vessel's capacity for cargo, fuel oil, stores and crew, measured in metric tons of 1,000 kilograms. A vessel's dwt or total deadweight is the total weight the vessel can carry when loaded to a particular load line.
 
Deep sea containership. A Deep Sea containership has a cargo carrying capacity of more than 3,000 teu and mostly serves the mainlane East-West container trade routes.
 
Drybulk. Non-liquid cargoes of commodities shipped in an unpackaged state.
 
Drybulk carriers. Vessels which are specially designed and built to carry large volumes of drybulk.
 
Drydocking. The removal of a vessel from the water for inspection and/or repair of those parts of a vessel which are below the water line. During drydockings, which are required to be carried out periodically, certain mandatory classification society inspections are carried out and relevant certifications issued. Drydockings are generally required once every 30 to 60 months.
 
Feeder. A short-sea containership having a cargo carrying capacity of less than 1,300 teu that transfers cargo between a central "hub" port and smaller "spoke" ports.
 
Fully cellular containership. A containership equipped throughout with fixed cell guides for containers.
 
Freight. Money paid to the shipowner by a charterer for the use of a vessel under a voyage charter. Such payment is usually made on a lump-sum basis upon loading or discharging the cargo and is derived by multiplying the tons of cargo loaded on board by the cost per cargo ton, as agreed to transport that cargo between the specific ports.
 
Gross ton. A unit of measurement for the total enclosed space within a ship equal to 100 cubic feet or 2.831 cubic meters used in arriving at the calculation of gross tonnage.
 
Handymax. Handymax vessels are drybulk vessels that have a cargo carrying capacity of approximately 40,000 to 59,999 dwt. These vessels operate on a large number of geographically dispersed global trade routes, carrying primarily grains and minor bulks. Vessels below 60,000 dwt are usually built with on-board cranes enabling them to load and discharge cargo in countries and ports with limited infrastructure.
 
Handysize. Handysize vessels have a cargo carrying capacity of approximately 10,000 to 39,999 dwt and 1,300 to 1,999 teu. These vessels carry exclusively minor bulk cargo. Increasingly, these vessels are operating on regional trading routes. Handysize vessels are well suited for small ports with length and draft restrictions that may lack the infrastructure for cargo loading and unloading.
 
Hull. Shell or body of a ship.
 

 
53

 

IMO. International Maritime Organization, a United Nations agency that issues international regulations and standards for seaborne transportation.
 
Intermediate containership. An Intermediate containership has a cargo carrying capacity between 2,000 and 2,999 teu and mostly serves the North-South and Intermediate container trade routes.
 
Intermediate survey. The inspection of a vessel by a classification society surveyor which takes place between two and three years before and after each Special Survey for such vessel pursuant to the rules of international conventions and classification societies.
 
Metric ton. A unit of weight equal to 1,000 kilograms.
 
Newbuilding. A new vessel under construction or just completed.
 
Off-Hire. The period a vessel is unable to perform the services for which it is required under a charter. Off-hire periods typically include days spent undergoing repairs and drydocking, whether or not scheduled.
 
OPA. Oil Pollution Act of 1990 of the United States (as amended).
 
Panamax. Panamax vessels have a cargo carrying capacity of approximately 60,000 to 79,999 dwt. The ability of Panamax vessels to pass through the Panama Canal makes them more versatile than larger vessels. Panamax drybulk carriers carry coal, grains, and, to a lesser extent, minor bulks, including steel products, forest products and fertilizers.
 
Period charter. A period charter is an industry term referring to both time and bareboat charters that last for more than a single voyage.
 
Pools. Pooling arrangements that enable participating vessels to combine their revenues. Vessels may be employed either exclusively in spot charters or a combination of spot and period charters and contacts of affreightment. Pools are administered by the pool manager who secures employment for the participating vessels. The contract between a vessel in a shipping pool and the pool manager is a period charter where the charter hire is based on the vessel's corresponding share of the income generated by all the vessels that participate in the pool. The corresponding share of every vessel in the pool is based on a pre-determined formula rating the technical specifications of each vessel. Pools have the size and scope to combine spot market voyages, time charters and contracts of affreightment with freight forward agreements for hedging purposes to perform more efficient vessel scheduling thereby increasing fleet utilization.
 
Protection and indemnity (or P&I) insurance. Insurance obtained through mutual associations (called "Clubs") formed by shipowners to provide liability insurance protection against a large financial loss by one member by contribution towards that loss by all members. To a great extent, the risks are reinsured.
 
Scrapping. The disposal of old or damaged vessel tonnage by way of sale as scrap metal.
 
Short fund. A contract of affreightment to carry cargo.
 
SOLAS. The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea 1974, as amended, adopted under the auspices of the IMO.
 

 
54

 

Special survey. An extensive inspection of a vessel by classification society surveyors that must be completed within five years. Special surveys require a vessel to be drydocked.
 
Spot charter. A spot charter is an industry term referring to both voyage and trip time charters. These charters are referred to as spot charters or spot market charters due to their short term duration, constituting mostly of a single voyage between one load port and one discharge port.
 
Spot market. The market for the immediate chartering of a vessel usually for single voyages.
 
TEU. Twenty-foot equivalent unit, the international standard measure for containers and containership capacity.
 
TCE. Time charter equivalent, a standard industry measure of the average daily revenue performance of a vessel. The TCE rate achieved on a given voyage is expressed in $ per day and is generally calculated by subtracting voyage expenses, including bunkers and port charges, from voyage revenues and dividing the net amount (time charter equivalent revenues) by the voyage days, including the trip to the loading port. TCE is a standard seaborne transportation industry performance measure used primarily to compare period-to-period changes in a seaborne transportation company's performance despite changes in the mix of charter types (i.e., voyage charters, time charters and bareboat charters) under which the vessels may be employed during specific periods.
 
Time charter. A time charter is a contract under which a charterer pays a fixed daily hire rate usually on a semi-monthly basis for use of the vessel for an agreed period. This is either a specific fixed period of time or a specific number of loaded voyages. Subject to any restrictions in the charter, the charterer decides the type and quantity of cargo to be carried and the ports of loading and unloading. The charterer pays the voyage related expenses such as fuel, canal tolls, and port charges. The shipowner pays all vessel operating expenses such as the management expenses and crew costs as well as for the capital costs of the vessel. Any delays at port or during the voyages are the responsibility of the charterer, save for certain specific exceptions such as loss of time arising from vessel breakdown and routine maintenance.
 
Trip time charter. A trip time charter is a short term time charter where the vessel performs a single voyage between load port(s) and discharge port(s) and the charterer pays a fixed daily hire rate usually on a semi-monthly basis for use of the vessel. The difference between a trip time charter and a voyage charter is only in the form of payment for use of the vessel and the respective financial responsibilities of the charterer and shipowner as described under Time Charter and Voyage Charter.
 
Ton. See "Metric ton."
 
Vessel operating expenses. The costs of operating a vessel that is incurred during a charter, primarily consisting of crew wages and associated costs, insurance premiums, lubricants and spare parts, and repair and maintenance costs. Vessel operating expenses exclude fuel and port charges, which are known as "voyage expenses." For a time charter, the shipowner pays vessel operating expenses. For a bareboat charter, the charterer pays vessel operating expenses.
 
Voyage charter. A voyage charter involves the carriage of a specific amount and type of cargo from specific load port(s) to specific discharge port(s), subject to various cargo handling terms. Most of these charters are of a single voyage nature between two specific ports, as trading patterns do not encourage round voyage trading. The owner of the vessel receives one payment derived by multiplying the tons of cargo loaded on board by the cost per cargo ton, as agreed to transport that cargo between the specific ports. The owner is responsible for the payment of all expenses including voyage, operating and capital costs of the vessel. The charterer is typically responsible for any delay at the loading or discharging ports.

 
Voyage expenses. Expenses incurred due to a vessel's traveling from a loading port to a discharging port, such as fuel (bunker) cost, port expenses, agent's fees, canal dues and extra war risk insurance, as well as commissions.
 

 
55

 

PART II

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN THE PROSPECTUS


Item 8.  Indemnification of Directors and Officers.

The bylaws, as amended, of the Registrant provide that any person who is or was a director or officer of the Registrant, or is or was serving at the request of the Registrant as a director or officer of another, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall be entitled to be indemnified by the Registrant upon the same terms, under the same conditions, and to the same extent as authorized by Section 60 of the BCA, if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Registrant, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful.

Section 60 of the BCA provides as follows:

Indemnification of directors and officers.

(1) Actions not by or in right of the corporation. A corporation shall have power to indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the corporation) by reason of the fact that he is or was a director or officer of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director or officer of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful. The termination of any action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of no contest, or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner which he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceedings, had reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful.

(2) Actions by or in right of the corporation. A corporation shall have the power to indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that he is or was a director or officer of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director or officer of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against expenses (including attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him or in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not, opposed to the best interests of the corporation and except that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claims, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable for negligence or misconduct in the performance of his duty to the corporation unless and only to the extent that the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the court shall deem proper.

(3) When director or officer is successful. To the extent that a director or officer of a corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any action, suit or proceeding referred to in subsections (1) or (2) of this section, or in the defense of a claim, issue or matter therein, he shall be indemnified against expenses (including attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection therewith.

 
II-1

 
(4) Payment of expenses in advance. Expenses incurred in defending a civil or criminal action, suit or proceeding may be paid in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding as authorized by the board of directors in the specific case upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the director or officer to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that he is not entitled to be indemnified by the corporation as authorized in this section.

(5) Indemnification pursuant to other rights. The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, the other subsections of this section shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under any bylaw, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in his official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office.

(6) Continuation of indemnification. The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, this section shall, unless otherwise provided when authorized or ratified, continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person.

(7) Insurance. A corporation shall have power to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director or officer of the corporation or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director or officer against any liability asserted against him and incurred by him in such capacity whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify him against such liability under the provisions of this section.


Item 9.  Exhibits

A list of exhibits included as part of this registration statement is set forth in the Exhibit Index which immediately precedes such exhibits and is incorporated herein by reference.
 

Item 10.  Undertakings.

The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
 
 
(a)
Under Rule 415 of the Securities Act,
 
 
(1)
To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement unless the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to section 13 or section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of a prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement;
 
 
(i)
To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended;
 
 
(ii)
To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the "Calculation of Registration Fee" table in the effective registration statement.
 

 
II-2

 
 
 
(iii)
To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement.
 
 
(2)
That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
 
 
(3)
To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
 
 
(4)
To file a post-effective amendment to the registration statement to include any financial statements required by Item 8.A. of Form 20-F at the start of any delayed offering or throughout a continuous offering.  Financial statements and information otherwise required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Act need not be furnished, provided, that the registrant includes in the prospectus, by means of a post-effective amendment, financial statements required pursuant to this paragraph (a)(4) and other information necessary to ensure that all other information in the prospectus is at least as current as the date of those financial statements.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to registration statements on Form F-3, a post-effective amendment need not be filed to include financial statements and information required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933 or Rule 3-19 under the Securities Act of 1933 if such financial statements and information are contained in periodic reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the Form F-3.
 
 
(5)   (i) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, to any purchaser;
 
 
(A)
Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of this Registration Statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in this Registration Statement; and
 
 
(B)
Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.
 

 
II-3

 
 
 
(6)
That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities: The undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:
 
 
(i) Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;
 
 
(ii) Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;
 
 
(iii) The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and
 
 
(iv) Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.
 
 
(b)
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the registrant's annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan's annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
 
 
(c) – (d) Not applicable.
 
 
(e)
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to deliver or cause to be delivered with the prospectus, to each person to whom the prospectus is sent or given, the latest annual report, to security holders that is incorporated by reference in the prospectus and furnished pursuant to and meeting the requirements of Rule 14a-3 or Rule 14c-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and, where interim financial information required to be presented by Article 3 of Regulation S-X is not set forth in the prospectus, to deliver, or cause to be delivered to each person to whom the prospectus is sent or given, the latest quarterly report that is specifically incorporated by reference in the prospectus to provide such interim financial information.
 

 

 
II-4

 

 
 
(f) – (g) Not applicable.
 
 
(h)
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
 
 
(i)
Not applicable.
 
 
(j)
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to file an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection (a) of Section 310 of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the rules an regulations prescribed by the Securities and Exchange Commission under Section 305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act.
 
 
(k) – (l) Not applicable.
 

 

 
II-5

 

 
 


SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-3 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Maroussi, country of Greece on September 26, 2011.
 
 
    EUROSEAS LTD.
   
 
   
By:
/s/ Aristides J. Pittas
Date: May 4, 2011
  Name:
Aristides J. Pittas
    Title: 
President and Chief Executive Officer
     
     
 

POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Aristides J. Pittas and Dr. Anastasios Aslidis his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full powers of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any or all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this Registration Statement, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully for all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or his substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
 
 
Signature
 
Title
 
Date
         
/s/ Aristides J. Pittas
 
Chairman of the Board of Directors,
 
September 26, 2011
Aristides J. Pittas 
 
President, Chief Executive Officer
   
    (Principal Executive Officer)    
         
/s/ Dr. Anastasios Aslidis
 
Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Dr. Anastasios Aslidis
 
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
   
         
/s/ Aristides P. Pittas
 
Vice Chairman and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Aristides P. Pittas
 
 
   
         
/s/ George Skarvelis
 
Director
  September 26, 2011
George Skarvelis        
         
/s/ Gerald Turner
  Director   September 26, 2011
Gerald Turner        
         
/s/ Panagiotis Kyriakopoulos   Director    September 26, 2011 
Panagiotis Kyriakopoulos
       
         
/s/ George Taniskidis
  Director     September 26, 2011  
George Taniskidis  
       
 
 
 
II-6

 
 
 

AUTHORIZED UNITED STATES REPRESENTATIVE
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the undersigned, the duly authorized representative in the United States of Euroseas Ltd., has signed this Registration Statement on Form F-3 in the City of Watchung, New Jersey on September 26, 2011.
 
   
 
   
By:
/s/ Dr. Anastasios Aslidis
     
Name: Anastasios Aslidis
     
Authorized Repreesntative in the United States
     
     



 
II-7

 

SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-3 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Maroussi, country of Greece on September 26, 2011.
 
   
AGGELIKI SHIPPING LTD
       
       
       
   
By:
/s/ Aristides P. Pittas
   
Name:
Aristides P. Pittas
   
Title:
President
     

 
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Aristides J. Pittas and Dr. Anastasios Aslidis his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full powers of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any or all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this Registration Statement, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully for all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or his substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
 
Signature
 
Title
 
Date
         
/s/ Aristides P. Pittas
 
President and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Aristides P. Pittas
       
         
/s/ Marcos Vassilikos
 
Vice President and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Marcos Vassilikos
 
 
   
         
/s/ Stefania Karmiri
 
Secretary and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Stefania Karmiri
       

 
 
AUTHORIZED UNITED STATES REPRESENTATIVE
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the undersigned, the duly authorized representative in the United States of Aggeliki Shipping Ltd, has signed this Registration Statement on Form F-3 in the City of Watchung, New Jersey on September 26, 2011.
 
 
   
 
   
By:
/s/ Dr. Anastasios Aslidis
     
Name: Dr. Anastasios Aslidis
     
Authorized Representative in the United States
     
     
 


 
II-8

 

SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-3 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Maroussi, country of Greece on September 26, 2011.

   
ALLENDALE INVESTMENTS S.A.
       
       
       
   
By:
/s/ Rodrigo Vives
   
Name:
Rodrigo Vives
   
Title:
President
     


 
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Aristides J. Pittas and Dr. Anastasios Aslidis his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full powers of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any or all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this Registration Statement, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully for all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or his substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
 
Signature
 
Title
 
Date
         
/s/ Rodrigo Vives
 
President and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Rodrigo Vives
 
 
   
         
/s/ Marco Saavedra Catala
 
Treasurer and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Marco Saavedra Catala
 
 
   
         
/s/ Alida Vives Ditrani
 
Vice President, Secretary and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Alida Vives Ditrani
 
 
   

AUTHORIZED UNITED STATES REPRESENTATIVE
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the undersigned, the duly authorized representative in the United States of Allendale Investments S.A., has signed this Registration Statement on Form F-3 in the City of Watchung, New Jersey on September 26, 2011.
 
       
   
By:
/s/ Dr. Anastasios Aslidis
     
Name: Dr. Anastasios Aslidis
     
Authorized Representative in the United States
     
     
 


 
II-9

 

SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-3 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Maroussi, country of Greece on September 26, 2011.

   
ALTERWALL BUSINESS INC.
       
       
       
   
By:
/s/ Vernon Emmanuel Salazar Zurita
   
Name:
Vernon Emmanuel Salazar Zurita
   
Title:
President
     

 
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Aristides J. Pittas and Dr. Anastasios Aslidis his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full powers of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any or all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this Registration Statement, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully for all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or his substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
 
Signature
 
Title
 
Date
         
/s/ Vernon Emmanuel Salazar Zurita
 
President and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Vernon Emmanuel Salazar Zurita
 
 
   
         
/s/ Lilia Judith Tovar de Leon
 
Vice President, Secretary, Assistant Treasurer and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Lilia Judith Tovar de Leon
 
 
   
         
/s/ Delio Jose de Leon Mela
 
Vice President, Secretary, Assistant Treasurer and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Delio Jose de Leon Mela
 
 
   



 
AUTHORIZED UNITED STATES REPRESENTATIVE
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the undersigned, the duly authorized representative in the United States of Alterwall Business Inc., has signed this Registration Statement on Form F-3 in the City of Watchung, New Jersey on September 26, 2011.
 
       
       
   
By:
/s/ Dr. Anastasios Aslidis
     
Name: Dr. Anastasios Aslidis
     
Authorized Representative in the United States
     
     
 


 
II-10

 

SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-3 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Maroussi, country of Greece on September 26, 2011.

   
DIANA TRADING LTD.
       
       
       
   
By:
/s/ Aristides P. Pittas
   
Name:
Aristides P. Pittas
   
Title:
President
     

 
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Aristides J. Pittas and Dr. Anastasios Aslidis his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full powers of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any or all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this Registration Statement, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully for all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or his substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
 
Signature
 
Title
 
Date
         
/s/ Aristides P. Pittas
 
President and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Aristides P. Pittas
 
 
   
         
/s/ Marcos Vassilikos
 
Vice President and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Marcos Vassilikos
 
 
   
         
/s/ Stefania Karmiri
 
Secretary and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Stefania Karmiri
 
 
   



 
AUTHORIZED UNITED STATES REPRESENTATIVE
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the undersigned, the duly authorized representative in the United States of Diana Trading Ltd., has signed this Registration Statement on Form F-3 in the City of Watchung, New Jersey on September 26, 2011.
 
       
       
   
By:
/s/ Dr. Anastasios Aslidis
     
Name: Dr. Anastasios Aslidis
     
Authorized Representative in the United States
     
     
 



 
II-11

 

SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-3 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Maroussi, country of Greece on September 26, 2011.


   
ELENI SHIPPING LIMITED
       
       
       
   
By:
/s/ Aristides P. Pittas
   
Name:
Aristides P. Pittas
   
Title:
President
     


 
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Aristides J. Pittas and Dr. Anastasios Aslidis his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full powers of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any or all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this Registration Statement, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully for all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or his substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
 
Signature
 
Title
 
Date
         
/s/ Aristides P. Pittas
 
President and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Aristides P. Pittas
 
 
   
         
/s/ Marcos Vassilikos
 
Vice President and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Marcos Vassilikos
 
 
   
         
/s/ Stefania Karmiri
 
Secretary and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Stefania Karmiri
 
 
   
  
 
AUTHORIZED UNITED STATES REPRESENTATIVE
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the undersigned, the duly authorized representative in the United States of Eleni Shipping Limited, has signed this Registration Statement on Form F-3 in the City of Watchung, New Jersey on September 26, 2011.
 
       
       
   
By:
/s/ Dr. Anastasios Aslidis
     
Name: Dr. Anastasios Aslidis
     
Authorized Representative in the United States
     
     
 


 
II-12

 

SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-3 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Maroussi, country of Greece on September 26, 2011.

   
EMMENTALY BUSINESS INC.
       
       
       
   
By:
/s/ Vernon Emmanuel Salazar Zurita
   
Name:
Vernon Emmanuel Salazar Zurita
   
Title:
President
     


 
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Aristides J. Pittas and Dr. Anastasios Aslidis his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full powers of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any or all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this Registration Statement, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully for all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or his substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
 
Signature
 
Title
 
Date
         
/s/ Vernon Emmanuel Salazar Zurita
 
President and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Vernon Emmanuel Salazar Zurita
 
 
   
         
/s/ Lilia Judith Tovar de Leon
 
Secretary and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Lilia Judith Tovar de Leon
 
 
   
         
/s/ Delio Jose de Leon Mela
 
Treasurer and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Delio Jose de Leon Mela
 
 
   



 
AUTHORIZED UNITED STATES REPRESENTATIVE
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the undersigned, the duly authorized representative in the United States of Emmentaly Business Inc., has signed this Registration Statement on Form F-3 in the City of Watchung, New Jersey on September 26, 2011.
 
       
       
   
By:
/s/ Dr. Anastasios Aslidis
     
Name: Dr. Anastasios Aslidis
     
Authorized Representative in the United States
     
     
 




 
II-13

 

SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-3 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Maroussi, country of Greece on September 26, 2011.

   
ETERNITY SHIPPING COMPANY
       
       
       
   
By:
/s/ Pantelis A. Pittas
   
Name:
Pantelis A. Pittas
   
Title:
President
     

 
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Aristides J. Pittas and Dr. Anastasios Aslidis his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full powers of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any or all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this Registration Statement, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully for all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or his substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
 
Signature
 
Title
 
Date
         
/s/ Pantelis A. Pittas
 
President and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Pantelis A. Pittas
 
 
   
         
/s/ Marcos Vassilikos
 
Vice President and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Marcos Vassilikos
 
 
   
         
/s/ Stefania Karmiri
 
Secretary and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Stefania Karmiri
 
 
   
 
 
AUTHORIZED UNITED STATES REPRESENTATIVE
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the undersigned, the duly authorized representative in the United States of Eternity Shipping Company, has signed this Registration Statement on Form F-3 in the City of Watchung, New Jersey on September 26, 2011.
 
       
       
   
By:
/s/ Dr. Anastasios Aslidis
     
Name: Dr. Anastasios Aslidis
     
Authorized Representative in the United States
     
     
 





 
II-14

 

SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-3 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Maroussi, country of Greece on September 26, 2011.


   
MANOLIS SHIPPING LIMITED
       
       
       
   
By:
/s/ Aristides P. Pittas
   
Name:
Aristides P. Pittas
   
Title:
President
     


 
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Aristides J. Pittas and Dr. Anastasios Aslidis his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full powers of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any or all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this Registration Statement, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully for all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or his substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
 
Signature
 
Title
 
Date
         
/s/ Aristides P. Pittas
 
President and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Aristides P. Pittas
 
 
   
         
/s/ Marcos Vassilikos
 
Vice President and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Marcos Vassilikos
 
 
   
         
/s/ Stefania Karmiri
 
Secretary and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Stefania Karmiri
 
 
   
 
 
AUTHORIZED UNITED STATES REPRESENTATIVE
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the undersigned, the duly authorized representative in the United States of Manolis Shipping Limited, has signed this Registration Statement on Form F-3 in the City of Watchung, New Jersey on September 26, 2011.
 
       
       
   
By:
/s/ Dr. Anastasios Aslidis
     
Name: Dr. Anastasios Aslidis
     
Authorized Representative in the United States
     
     
 



 
II-15

 

SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-3 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Maroussi, country of Greece on September 26, 2011.


   
NOUMEA SHIPPING LTD.
       
       
       
   
By:
/s/ Aristides P. Pittas
   
Name:
Aristides P. Pittas
   
Title:
President
     


 
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Aristides J. Pittas and Dr. Anastasios Aslidis his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full powers of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any or all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this Registration Statement, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully for all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or his substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
 
Signature
 
Title
 
Date
         
/s/ Aristides P. Pittas
 
President and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Aristides P. Pittas
 
 
   
         
/s/ Marcos Vassilikos
 
Vice President and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Marcos Vassilikos
 
 
   
         
/s/ Stefania Karmiri
 
Secretary and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Stefania Karmiri
 
 
   
 
 
AUTHORIZED UNITED STATES REPRESENTATIVE
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the undersigned, the duly authorized representative in the United States of Noumea Shipping Ltd, has signed this Registration Statement on Form F-3 in the City of Watchung, New Jersey on September 26, 2011.
 
       
       
   
By:
/s/ Dr. Anastasios Aslidis
     
Name: Dr. Anastasios Aslidis
     
Authorized Representative in the United States
     
     
 



 
II-16

 

SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-3 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Maroussi, country of Greece on September 26, 2011.

   
PANTELIS SHIPPING LIMITED
       
       
       
   
By:
/s/ Aristides P. Pittas
   
Name:
Aristides P. Pittas
   
Title:
President
     

 
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Aristides J. Pittas and Dr. Anastasios Aslidis his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full powers of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any or all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this Registration Statement, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully for all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or his substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
 
Signature
 
Title
 
Date
         
/s/ Aristides P. Pittas
 
President and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Aristides P. Pittas
 
 
   
         
/s/ Marcos Vassilikos
 
Vice President and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Marcos Vassilikos
 
 
   
         
/s/ Stefania Karmiri
 
Secretary and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Stefania Karmiri
 
 
   
 
 
AUTHORIZED UNITED STATES REPRESENTATIVE
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the undersigned, the duly authorized representative in the United States of Pantelis Shipping Limited, has signed this Registration Statement on Form F-3 in the City of Watchung, New Jersey on September 26, 2011.
 
       
       
   
By:
/s/ Dr. Anastasios Aslidis
     
Name: Dr. Anastasios Aslidis
     
Authorized Representative in the United States
     
     
 



 
II-17

 

SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-3 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Maroussi, country of Greece on September 26, 2011.


   
PILORY ASSOCIATES CORP.
       
       
       
   
By:
/s/ Vernon Emmanuel Salazar Zurita
   
Name:
Vernon Emmanuel Salazar Zurita
   
Title:
President
     


 
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Aristides J. Pittas and Dr. Anastasios Aslidis his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full powers of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any or all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this Registration Statement, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully for all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or his substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
 
Signature
 
Title
 
Date
         
/s/ Vernon Emmanuel Salazar Zurita
 
President and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Vernon Emmanuel Salazar Zurita
 
 
   
         
/s/ Lilia Judith Tovar de Leon
 
Secretary and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Lilia Judith Tovar de Leon
 
 
   
         
/s/ Delio Jose de Leon Mela
 
Treasurer and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Delio Jose de Leon Mela
 
 
   



 
AUTHORIZED UNITED STATES REPRESENTATIVE
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the undersigned, the duly authorized representative in the United States of Pilory Associates Corp., has signed this Registration Statement on Form F-3 in the City of Watchung, New Jersey on September 26, 2011.
 
       
       
   
By:
/s/ Dr. Anastasios Aslidis
     
Name: Dr. Anastasios Aslidis
     
Authorized Representative in the United States
     
     
 


 
II-18

 

SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-3 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Maroussi, country of Greece on September 26, 2011.

   
PROSPERO MARITIME INC.
       
       
       
   
By:
/s/ Aristides P. Pittas
   
Name:
Aristides P. Pittas
   
Title:
President
     

 
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Aristides J. Pittas and Dr. Anastasios Aslidis his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full powers of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any or all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this Registration Statement, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully for all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or his substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
 
Signature
 
Title
 
Date
         
/s/ Aristides P. Pittas
 
President and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Aristides P. Pittas
 
 
   
         
/s/ Marcos Vassilikos
 
Vice President and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Marcos Vassilikos
 
 
   
         
/s/ Stefania Karmiri
 
Secretary and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Stefania Karmiri
 
 
   
 
 
AUTHORIZED UNITED STATES REPRESENTATIVE
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the undersigned, the duly authorized representative in the United States of Prospero Maritime Inc., has signed this Registration Statement on Form F-3 in the City of Watchung, New Jersey on September 26, 2011.
 
       
       
   
By:
/s/ Dr. Anastasios Aslidis
     
Name: Dr. Anastasios Aslidis
     
Authorized Representative in the United States
     
     
 



 
II-19

 

SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-3 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Maroussi, country of Greece on September 26, 2011.

   
SAF-CONCORD SHIPPING LTD
       
       
       
   
By:
/s/ Aristides P. Pittas
   
Name:
Aristides P. Pittas
   
Title:
President
     

 
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Aristides J. Pittas and Dr. Anastasios Aslidis his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full powers of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any or all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this Registration Statement, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully for all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or his substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
 
Signature
 
Title
 
Date
         
/s/ Aristides P. Pittas
 
President and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Aristides P. Pittas
 
 
   
         
/s/ Marcos Vassilikos
 
Vice President and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Marcos Vassilikos
 
 
   
         
/s/ Stefania Karmiri
 
Secretary and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Stefania Karmiri
 
 
   
 
 
AUTHORIZED UNITED STATES REPRESENTATIVE
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the undersigned, the duly authorized representative in the United States of SAF-Concord Shipping Ltd, has signed this Registration Statement on Form F-3 in the City of Watchung, New Jersey on September 26, 2011.
 
       
       
   
By:
/s/ Dr. Anastasios Aslidis
     
Name: Dr. Anastasios Aslidis
     
Authorized Representative in the United States
     
     
 




 
II-20

 
SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-3 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Maroussi, country of Greece on September 26, 2011.
 
   
TIGER NAVIGATION CORP.
       
       
       
   
By:
/s/ Aristides P. Pittas
   
Name:
Aristides P. Pittas
   
Title:
President
     

 
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Aristides J. Pittas and Dr. Anastasios Aslidis his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full powers of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any or all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this Registration Statement, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully for all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or his substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
 
Signature
 
Title
 
Date
         
/s/ Aristides P. Pittas
 
President and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Aristides P. Pittas
 
 
   
         
/s/ Marcos Vassilikos
 
Vice President and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Marcos Vassilikos
 
 
   
         
/s/ Stefania Karmiri
 
Secretary and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Stefania Karmiri
 
 
   
 
 
AUTHORIZED UNITED STATES REPRESENTATIVE
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the undersigned, the duly authorized representative in the United States of Tiger Navigation Corp., has signed this Registration Statement on Form F-3 in the City of Watchung, New Jersey on September 26, 2011.
 
       
       
   
By:
/s/ Dr. Anastasios Aslidis
     
Name: Dr. Anastasios Aslidis
     
Authorized Representative in the United States
     
     
 




 
II-21

 
SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-3 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Maroussi, country of Greece on September 26, 2011.
 
   
XENIA INTERNATIONAL CORP.
       
       
       
   
By:
/s/ Aristides P. Pittas
   
Name:
Aristides P. Pittas
   
Title:
President
     

 
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Aristides J. Pittas and Dr. Anastasios Aslidis his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full powers of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any or all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this Registration Statement, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully for all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or his substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
 
Signature
 
Title
 
Date
         
/s/ Aristides P. Pittas
 
President and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Aristides P. Pittas
 
 
   
         
/s/ Marcos Vassilikos
 
Vice President and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Marcos Vassilikos
 
 
   
         
/s/ Stefania Karmiri
 
Secretary and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Stefania Karmiri
 
 
   
 
 
AUTHORIZED UNITED STATES REPRESENTATIVE
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the undersigned, the duly authorized representative in the United States of Xenia International Corp., has signed this Registration Statement on Form F-3 in the City of Watchung, New Jersey on September 26, 2011.
 
       
       
   
By:
/s/ Dr. Anastasios Aslidis
     
Name: Dr. Anastasios Aslidis
     
Authorized Representative in the United States
     
     
 




 
II-22

 
SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-3 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Maroussi, country of Greece on September 26, 2011.
 
   
XINGANG SHIPPING LTD
       
       
       
   
By:
/s/ Aristides P. Pittas
   
Name:
Aristides P. Pittas
   
Title:
President
     

 
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Aristides J. Pittas and Dr. Anastasios Aslidis his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full powers of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any or all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this Registration Statement, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully for all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or his substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
 
Signature
 
Title
 
Date
         
/s/ Aristides P. Pittas
 
President and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Aristides P. Pittas
 
 
   
         
/s/ Marcos Vassilikos
 
Vice President and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Marcos Vassilikos
 
 
   
         
/s/ Stefania Karmiri
 
Secretary and Director
 
September 26, 2011
Stefania Karmiri
 
 
   
 
 
AUTHORIZED UNITED STATES REPRESENTATIVE
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the undersigned, the duly authorized representative in the United States of Xingang Shipping Ltd, has signed this Registration Statement on Form F-3 in the City of Watchung, New Jersey on September 26, 2011.
 
       
       
   
By:
/s/ Dr. Anastasios Aslidis
     
Name: Dr. Anastasios Aslidis
     
Authorized Representative in the United States
     
     
 


 
II-23

 


Exhibits
Description of Exhibits
   
1.1
Form of Underwriting Agreement (for equity securities)*
 
1.2
Form of Underwriting Agreement (for debt securities)*
 
3.1
Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Euroseas Ltd. (1)
 
3.2
Bylaws of Euroseas Ltd. (2)
 
3.3
Amendment to Bylaws (2)
 
4.1
Specimen common share certificate (3)
 
4.2
Specimen preferred share certificate *
 
4.3
Form of warrant agreement *
 
4.4
Form of purchase contract *
 
4.5
Form of unit agreement *
 
4.6
Form of senior debt security indenture
 
4.7
Form of subordinated debt security indenture
 
5.1
Opinion of Seward & Kissel LLP, United States and Marshall Islands counsel to Euroseas Ltd., as to the validity of the common shares, preferred shares, debt securities, warrants, purchase contracts and units
 
8.1
Opinion of Seward & Kissel LLP, as to certain tax matters
 
11.1
Computation of ratio of earnings to fixed charges (included herein under the heading "Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges")
 
23.1
Consent of Seward & Kissel LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)
 
23.2
Consent of Deloitte. Hadjipavlou, Sofianos & Cambanis S.A.
 
24.1
Power of Attorney (contained on signature page)
 
25.1
Form of T-1 Statement of Eligibility *

*
To be filed as an amendment or as an exhibit to a report filed pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and incorporated by reference herein.

(1)
Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 20-F filed with the Commission on May 27, 2011.
(2)
Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 1.2 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 20-F filed with the Commission on May 28, 2010.
(3)
Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company's Registration Statement (File No. 333-152089) filed with the Commission on July 2, 2008.


 
 

 

 
II-24

 

EX-4.6 2 d1207075_ex4-6.htm d1207075_ex4-6.htm
 EXHIBIT 4.6







EUROSEAS LTD.

FORM OF

SENIOR INDENTURE

Dated as of [                                ], 20[  ]




[                      ]

Trustee






 
 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
 
ARTICLE I  DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
1
SECTION 1.01.
Definitions.
1
SECTION 1.02.
Other Definitions.
5
SECTION 1.03.
Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act.
5
SECTION 1.04.
Rules of Construction.
6
ARTICLE II  THE SECURITIES
6
SECTION 2.01.
Issuable in Series.
6
SECTION 2.02.
Establishment of Terms of Series of Securities.
7
SECTION 2.03.
Execution and Authentication.
9
SECTION 2.04.
Registrar and Paying Agent.
10
SECTION 2.05.
Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust.
10
SECTION 2.06.
Securityholder Lists.
11
SECTION 2.07.
Transfer and Exchange.
11
SECTION 2.08.
Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities.
12
SECTION 2.09.
Outstanding Securities.
12
SECTION 2.10.
Treasury Securities.
13
SECTION 2.11.
Temporary Securities.
13
SECTION 2.12.
Cancellation.
13
SECTION 2.13.
Defaulted Interest.
14
SECTION 2.14.
Global Securities.
14
SECTION 2.15.
CUSIP Numbers.
16
ARTICLE III  REDEMPTION
16
SECTION 3.01.
Notice to Trustee.
16
SECTION 3.02.
Selection of Securities to be Redeemed.
16
SECTION 3.03.
Notice of Redemption.
17
SECTION 3.04.
Effect of Notice of Redemption.
17
SECTION 3.05.
Deposit of Redemption Price.
18
SECTION 3.06.
Securities Redeemed in Part.
18
ARTICLE IV  COVENANTS
18
SECTION 4.01.
Payment of Principal and Interest.
18
SECTION 4.02.
SEC Reports.
18
SECTION 4.03.
Compliance Certificate.
19
SECTION 4.04.
Stay, Extension and Usury Laws.
20
SECTION 4.05.
Corporate Existence.
20
SECTION 4.06.
Taxes.
20
SECTION 4.07.
Additional Interest Notice.
20
SECTION 4.08.
Further Instruments and Acts.
20
ARTICLE V  SUCCESSORS
21
SECTION 5.01.
When Company May Merge, Etc.
21
SECTION 5.02.
Successor Corporation Substituted.
21
ARTICLE VI  DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES
21
SECTION 6.01.
Events of Default.
21
SECTION 6.02.
Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment.
23
SECTION 6.03.
Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee.
25
SECTION 6.04.
Trustee May File Proofs of Claim.
25
SECTION 6.05.
Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities.
26
SECTION 6.06.
Application of Money Collected.
26
SECTION 6.07.
Limitation on Suits.
26
SECTION 6.08.
Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal and Interest.
27
SECTION 6.09.
Restoration of Rights and Remedies.
27
SECTION 6.10.
Rights and Remedies Cumulative.
27
SECTION 6.11.
Delay or Omission Not Waiver.
27
SECTION 6.12.
Control by Holders.
28
SECTION 6.13.
Waiver of Past Defaults.
28
SECTION 6.14.
Undertaking for Costs.
28
ARTICLE VII  TRUSTEE
29
SECTION 7.01.
Duties of Trustee.
29
SECTION 7.02.
Rights of Trustee.
30
SECTION 7.03.
Individual Rights of Trustee.
31
SECTION 7.04.
Trustee’s Disclaimer.
31
SECTION 7.05.
Notice of Defaults.
31
SECTION 7.06.
Reports by Trustee to Holders.
31
SECTION 7.07.
Compensation and Indemnity.
32
SECTION 7.08.
Replacement of Trustee.
32
SECTION 7.09.
Successor Trustee by Merger, etc.
33
SECTION 7.10.
Eligibility; Disqualification.
33
SECTION 7.11.
Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company.
34
ARTICLE VIII  SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE; DEFEASANCE
34
SECTION 8.01.
Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture.
34
SECTION 8.02.
Application of Trust Funds; Indemnification.
35
SECTION 8.03.
Legal Defeasance of Securities of any Series.
36
SECTION 8.04.
Covenant Defeasance.
37
SECTION 8.05.
Repayment to Company.
38
ARTICLE IX  AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS
38
SECTION 9.01.
Without Consent of Holders.
38
SECTION 9.02.
With Consent of Holders.
39
SECTION 9.03.
Limitations.
40
SECTION 9.04.
Compliance with Trust Indenture Act.
40
SECTION 9.05.
Revocation and Effect of Consents.
41
SECTION 9.06.
Notation on or Exchange of Securities.
41
SECTION 9.07.
Trustee Protected.
41
SECTION 9.08.
Effect of Supplemental Indenture.
41
ARTICLE X  MISCELLANEOUS
42
SECTION 10.01.
Trust Indenture Act Controls.
42
SECTION 10.02.
Notices.
42
SECTION 10.03.
Communication by Holders with Other Holders.
43
SECTION 10.04.
Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent.
43
SECTION 10.05.
Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion.
43
SECTION 10.06.
Record Date for Vote or Consent of Holders.
44
SECTION 10.07.
Rules by Trustee and Agents.
44
SECTION 10.08.
Legal Holidays.
44
SECTION 10.09.
No Recourse Against Others.
44
SECTION 10.10.
Counterparts.
44
SECTION 10.11.
Governing Laws and Submission to Jurisdiction.
45
SECTION 10.12.
No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements.
45
SECTION 10.13.
Successors.
45
SECTION 10.14.
Severability.
45
SECTION 10.15.
Table of Contents, Headings, Etc.
45
SECTION 10.16.
Securities in a Foreign Currency or in ECU.
46
SECTION 10.17.
Judgment Currency.
46
SECTION 10.18.
Compliance with Applicable Anti-Terrorism and Money Laundering Regulations.
47
ARTICLE XI  SINKING FUNDS
47
SECTION 11.01.
Applicability of Article.
47
SECTION 11.02.
Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities.
48
SECTION 11.03.
Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund.
48
 



 
 

 

Reconciliation and tie between Trust Indenture Act of 1939 and Indenture,
Dated as of [                                ], 20[ ]
 
Section 310(a)(1)
7.10
(a)(2)
7.10
(a)(3)
Not Applicable
(a)(4)
Not Applicable
(a)(5)
7.10
(b)
7.10
(c)
Not Applicable
Section 311(a)
7.11
(b)
7.11
(c)
Not Applicable
Section 312(a)
2.06
(b)
10.03
(c)
10.03
Section 313(a)
7.06
(b)(1)
7.06
(b)(2)
7.06
(c)(1)
7.06
(d)
7.06
Section 314(a)
4.02, 10.05
(b)
Not Applicable
(c)(1)
10.04
(c)(2)
10.04
(c)(3)
Not Applicable
(d)
Not Applicable
(e)
10.05
(f)
Not Applicable
Section 315(a)
7.01
(b)
7.05
(c)
7.01
(d)
7.01
(e)
6.14
Section 316(a)(1)(A)
6.12
(a)(1)(B)
6.13
(a)(2)
Not Applicable
(b)
6.13
(c)
10.06
Section 317(a)(1)
6.03
(a)(2)
6.04
(b)
2.05
Section 318(a)
10.01
 
Note:  This reconciliation and tie shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be part of the Indenture.

 
 

 

Indenture dated as of [                                                      ], 20[ ] between Euroseas Ltd., a company organized under the laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands (the “Company”) and [] (the “Trustee”).
 
Each party agrees as follows for the benefit of the other party and for the equal and ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities issued under this Indenture.
 
ARTICLE I
 
DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
 
SECTION 1.01.  Definitions.
 
Additional Amounts” means any additional amounts which are required hereby or by any Security, under circumstances specified herein or therein, to be paid by the Company in respect of certain taxes imposed on Holders specified therein and which are owing to such Holders.
 
Affiliate” of any specified person means any other person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with such specified person.  For the purposes of this definition, “control” (including, with correlative meanings, the terms “controlled by” and “under common control with”), as used with respect to any person, shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of such person, whether through the ownership of voting securities or by agreement or otherwise.
 
Agent” means any Registrar or Paying Agent.
 
Bankruptcy Law” means Title 11 of the United States Code (or any successor thereto) or any similar federal or state law for the relief of debtors.
 
Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company or any duly authorized committee thereof.
 
Board Resolution” means a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been adopted by the Board of Directors or pursuant to authorization by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of the certificate and delivered to the Trustee.
 
Business Day” means any day other than a (x) Saturday, (y) Sunday or (z) day on which state or federally chartered banking institutions in New York, New York are not required to be open.
 
Capital Stock” of any Person means any and all shares, interests, rights to purchase, warrants, options, participations or other equivalents of or interests in (however designated) equity of such Person, but excluding any debt securities convertible into such equity.
 

 
1

 

Certificated Securities” means Securities in the form of physical, certificated Securities in registered form.
 
Company” means the party named as such above until a successor replaces it in accordance with the terms of this Indenture and thereafter means the successor.
 
Company Order” means a written order signed in the name of the Company by two Officers, one of whom must be the Company’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer.
 
Company Request” means a written request signed in the name of the Company by its Chairman of the Board, a President or a Vice President, and by its Chief Financial Officer, its Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, and delivered to the Trustee.
 
Corporate Trust Office” means the office of the Trustee at which at any particular time its corporate trust business shall be principally administered which office at the date of the execution of this Indenture is [ ], Attention: [ ], or at such other address as the Trustee may designate from time to time.
 
Custodian” means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator, sequestrator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.
 
Default” or “default” means any event which is, or after notice or passage of time or both would be, an Event of Default.
 
Default Rate” means the default rate of interest specified in the Securities.
 
Depository” means, with respect to the Securities of any Series issuable or issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities, the person designated as Depository for such Series by the Company, which Depository shall be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act; and if at any time there is more than one such person, “Depository” as used with respect to the Securities of any Series shall mean the Depository with respect to the Securities of such Series.
 
Discount Security” means any Security that provides for an amount less than the stated principal amount thereof to be due and payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.02.
 
Dollars” means the currency of The United States of America.
 
ECU” means the European Currency Unit as determined by the Commission of the European Union.
 
Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
 
Foreign Currency” means any currency or currency unit issued by a government other than the government of The United States of America.
 

 
2

 

Foreign Government Obligations” means with respect to Securities of any Series that are denominated in a Foreign Currency, (i) direct obligations of the government that issued or caused to be issued such currency for the payment of which obligations its full faith and credit is pledged or (ii) obligations of a person controlled or supervised by or acting as an agency or instrumentality of such government the timely payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by such government, which, in either case under clauses (i) or (ii), are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof.
 
Global Security” or “Global Securities” means a Security or Securities, as the case may be, in the form established pursuant to Section 2.02 evidencing all or part of a Series of Securities, issued to the Depository for such Series or its nominee, and registered in the name of such Depository or nominee.
 
Holder” or “Securityholder” means a person in whose name a Security is registered.
 
Indenture” means this Indenture as amended and supplemented from time to time and shall include the form and terms of particular Series of Securities established as contemplated hereunder.
 
Interest,” in respect of the Securities, unless the context otherwise requires, refers to interest payable on the Securities, including any additional interest that may become payable pursuant to Section 6.02(b).
 
Maturity,” when used with respect to any Security or installment of principal thereof, means the date on which the principal of such Security or such installment of principal becomes due and payable as therein or herein provided, whether at the Stated Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, call for redemption, notice of option to elect repayment or otherwise.
 
Officer” means the Chairman of the Board, the President, any Vice-President, the Treasurer, the Secretary, any Assistant Treasurer or any Assistant Secretary of the Company.
 
Officers’ Certificate” means a certificate signed by two Officers, one of whom must be the Company’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer.
 
Opinion of Counsel” means a written opinion of legal counsel who is, and which opinion is, acceptable to the Trustee and its counsel.  Such legal counsel may be an employee of or counsel to the Company or the Trustee.
 
Person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, association, limited liability company, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.
 
Principal” or “principal” of a Security means the principal of the Security plus, when appropriate, the premium, if any, on, and any Additional Amounts in respect of, the Security.
 

 
3

 

Responsible Officer” means any officer of the Trustee in its Corporate Trust Office and also means, any vice president, managing director, director, associate, assistant vice president, or any other officer of the Trustee customarily performing functions similar to those performed by any of the above designated officers and also, with respect to a particular corporate trust matter, any other officer to whom any corporate trust matter is referred because of his or her knowledge of and familiarity with a particular subject.
 
SEC” means the Securities and Exchange Commission.
 
Security” or “Securities” means the debentures, notes or other debt instruments of the Company of any Series authenticated and delivered under this Indenture.
 
Series” or “Series of Securities” means each series of debentures, notes or other debt instruments of the Company created pursuant to Sections 2.01 and 2.02 hereof.
 
Stated Maturity” when used with respect to any Security or any installment of principal thereof or interest thereon, means the date specified in such Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or such installment of principal or interest is due and payable.
 
Subordinated Indebtedness” means any indebtedness which is expressly subordinated to the indebtedness evidenced by Securities.
 
Subsidiary” means, in respect of any Person, any corporation, association, partnership or other business entity of which more than 50% of the total voting power of shares of Capital Stock or other interests (including partnership interests) entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors, managers, general partners or trustees thereof is at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by (i) such Person; (ii) such Person and one or more Subsidiaries of such Person; or (iii) one or more Subsidiaries of such Person.
 
TIA” means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (15 U.S. Code Sections 77aaa-77bbbb) as in effect on the date of this Indenture; provided, however, that in the event the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 is amended after such date, “TIA” means, to the extent required by any such amendment, the Trust Indenture Act as so amended.
 
Trustee” means the person named as the “Trustee” in the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor Trustee shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Trustee” shall mean or include each person who is then a Trustee hereunder, and if at any time there is more than one such person, “Trustee” as used with respect to the Securities of any Series shall mean the Trustee with respect to Securities of that Series.
 
U.S. Government Obligations” means securities which are (i) direct obligations of The United States of America for the payment of which its full faith and credit is pledged or (ii) obligations of a person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of The United States of America the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by The United States of America, and which in the case of (i) and (ii)
 

 
4

 

are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof, and shall also include a depository receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect to any such U.S. Government Obligation or a specific payment of interest on or principal of any such U.S. Government Obligation held by such custodian for the account of the holder of a depository receipt, provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depository receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the U.S. Government Obligation evidenced by such depository receipt.
 
SECTION 1.02.  Other Definitions.
 
 
TERM
 
DEFINED IN SECTION
“Applicable Law”
10.18
“Event of Default”
6.01
“Instrument”
6.01
“Journal”
10.16
“Judgment Currency”
10.17
“Legal Holiday”
10.08
“mandatory sinking fund payment”
11.01
“Market Exchange Rate”
10.16
“New York Banking Day”
10.17
“optional sinking fund payment”
11.01
“Paying Agent”
2.04
“Registrar”
2.04
“Required Currency”
10.17
“successor person”
5.01
“Temporary Securities”
2.11
 
SECTION 1.03.  Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act.
 
Whenever this Indenture refers to a provision of the TIA, the provision is incorporated by reference in and made a part of this Indenture.  This Indenture shall also include those provisions of the TIA required to be included herein by the provisions of the Trust Indenture Reform Act of 1990.  The following TIA terms used in this Indenture have the following meanings:
 
indenture securities” means the Securities.
 
indenture security holder” means a Securityholder.
 
indenture to be qualified” means this Indenture.
 
indenture trustee” or “institutional trustee” means the Trustee.
 
obligor” on the indenture securities means the Company and any successor obligor upon the Securities.
 

 
5

 

All other terms used in this Indenture that are defined by the TIA, defined by TIA reference to another statute or defined by SEC rule under the TIA and not otherwise defined herein are used herein as so defined.
 
SECTION 1.04.  Rules of Construction.
 
Unless the context otherwise requires:
 
(a)           a term has the meaning assigned to it;
 
(b)           an accounting term not otherwise defined has the meaning assigned to it in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
(c)           references to “generally accepted accounting principles” shall mean generally accepted accounting principles in effect as of the time when and for the period as to which such accounting principles are to be applied;
 
(d)           “or” is not exclusive;
 
(e)           words in the singular include the plural, and in the plural include the singular;
 
(f)           provisions apply to successive events and transactions;
 
(g)           references to agreements and other instruments include subsequent amendments thereto;
 
(h)           the term “merger” includes a statutory share exchange, and the term “merged” has a correlative meaning; and
 
(i)           ”herein,” “hereof” and other words of similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section or other subdivision.
 
ARTICLE II
 
THE SECURITIES
 
SECTION 2.01.  Issuable in Series.
 
The aggregate principal amount of Securities that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited.  The Securities may be issued in one or more Series.  All Securities of a Series shall be identical except as may be set forth in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture or an Officers’ Certificate detailing the adoption of the terms thereof pursuant to the authority granted under a Board Resolution.  In the case of Securities of a Series to be issued from time to time, the Board Resolution, Officers’ Certificate or supplemental indenture may provide for the method by which specified terms (such as interest rate, maturity date, record date or date from which interest shall accrue) are to be determined.  Securities may
 

 
6

 

differ between Series in respect of any matters, provided that all Series of Securities shall be equally and ratably entitled to the benefits of the Indenture.
 
SECTION 2.02.  Establishment of Terms of Series of Securities.
 
At or prior to the issuance of any Securities within a Series, the following shall be established (as to the Series generally, in the case of Subsection (a), and either as to such Securities within the Series or as to the Series generally in the case of Subsections (b) through (t) by a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture or an Officers’ Certificate pursuant to authority granted under a Board Resolution:
 
(a)           the title, designation, aggregate principal amount and authorized denominations of the Securities of the Series;
 
(b)           the price or prices, (expressed as a percentage of the aggregate principal amount thereof) at which the Securities of the Series will be issued;
 
(c)           the date or dates on which the principal of the Securities of the Series is payable;
 
(d)           the rate or rates (which may be fixed or variable) per annum or, if applicable, the method used to determine such rate or rates (including, but not limited to, any commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index) at which the Securities of the Series shall bear interest, if any, the date or dates from which such interest, if any, shall commence and be payable and any regular record date for the interest payable on any interest payment date;
 
(e)           any optional or mandatory sinking fund provisions or conversion or exchangeability provisions upon which Securities of the Series shall be redeemed, purchased, converted or exchanged;
 
(f)           the date, if any, after which and the price or prices at which the Securities of the Series may be optionally redeemed or must be mandatorily redeemed and any other terms and provisions of optional or mandatory provisions;
 
(g)           if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof, the denominations in which the Securities of the Series shall be issuable;
 
(h)           if other than the full principal amount, the portion of the principal amount of the Securities of the Series that shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration pursuant to Section 6.02 or provable in bankruptcy;
 
(i)           any addition to or change in the Events of Default which applies to any Securities of the Series and any change in the right of the Trustee or the requisite Holders of such Securities to declare the principal amount thereof due and payable pursuant to Section 6.02;
 

 
7

 

(j)           the currency or currencies, including composite currencies, in which payments of principal of, premium or interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series will be payable, if other than the currency of the United States of America;
 
(k)           if payments of principal of, premium or interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series will be payable, at the Company’s election or at the election of any Holder, in a currency other than that in which the Securities of the Series are stated to be payable, the period or periods within which, and the terms and conditions upon which, the election may be made;
 
(l)           if payments of interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series will be payable, at the Company’s election or at the election of any Holder, in cash or additional securities, and the terms and conditions upon which the election may be made;
 
(m)           if denominated in a currency or currencies other than the currency of the United States of America, the equivalent price of the Securities of the Series in the currency of the United States of America for purposes of determining the voting rights of Holders of the Securities of the Series;
 
(n)           if the amount of payments of principal, premium or interest may be determined with reference to an index, formula or other method based on a coin or currency other than that in which the Securities of the Series are stated to be payable, the manner in which the amounts will be determined;
 
(o)           any restrictive covenants or other material terms relating to the Securities of the Series;
 
(p)           whether the Securities of the Series will be issued in the form of global securities or certificates in registered form;
 
(q)           any terms with respect to subordination;
 
(r)           any listing on any securities exchange or quotation system;
 
(s)           additional provisions, if any, related to defeasance and discharge of the offered debt securities; and
 
(t)           the applicability of any guarantees, which would be governed by New York law.
 
All Securities of any one Series need not be issued at the same time and may be issued from time to time, consistent with the terms of this Indenture, if so provided by or pursuant to the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture or Officers’ Certificate referred to above, and the authorized principal amount of any Series may not be increased to provide for issuance of additional Securities of such Series, unless otherwise provided in such Board Resolution, supplemental Indenture or Officers’ Certificate.
 

 
8

 

SECTION 2.03.  Execution and Authentication.
 
Two Officers shall sign the Securities for the Company by manual or facsimile signature.
 
If an Officer whose signature is on a Security no longer holds that office at the time the Security is authenticated, the Security shall nevertheless be valid.
 
A Security shall not be valid until authenticated by the manual signature of the Trustee or an authenticating agent.  The signature shall be conclusive evidence that the Security has been authenticated under this Indenture.
 
The Trustee shall at any time, and from time to time, authenticate Securities for original issue in the principal amount provided in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officers’ Certificate, upon receipt by the Trustee of a Company Order.  Such Company Order may authorize authentication and delivery pursuant to oral or electronic instructions from the Company or its duly authorized agent or agents, which oral instructions shall be promptly confirmed in writing.  Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication unless otherwise provided by a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers’ Certificate.
 
The aggregate principal amount of Securities of any Series outstanding at any time may not exceed any limit upon the maximum principal amount for such Series set forth in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officers’ Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.02, except as provided in Section 2.08.
 
Prior to the issuance of Securities of any Series, the Trustee shall have received and (subject to Section 7.02) shall be fully protected in relying on: (a) the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officers Certificate establishing the form of the Securities of that Series or of Securities within that Series and the terms of the Securities of that Series or of Securities within that Series, (b) an Officers’ Certificate complying with Section 10.04, and (c) an Opinion of Counsel complying with Section 10.04.
 
The Trustee shall have the right to decline to authenticate and deliver any Securities of such Series: (a) if the Trustee, being advised by counsel, determines that such action may not lawfully be taken; or (b) if a Responsible Officer of the Trustee in good faith shall determine that such action would expose the Trustee to personal liability to Holders of any then outstanding Series of Securities.
 
The Trustee may appoint an authenticating agent acceptable to the Company to authenticate Securities.  An authenticating agent may authenticate Securities whenever the Trustee may do so.  Each reference in this Indenture to authentication by the Trustee includes authentication by such agent.  An authenticating agent has the same rights as an Agent to deal with the Company or an Affiliate.
 
If any successor that has replaced the Company in accordance with Article 5 has executed an indenture supplemental hereto with the Trustee pursuant to Section 5.01, any of the Securities authenticated or delivered prior to such transaction may, from time to time, at the request of such successor, be exchanged for other Securities executed in the name of the such
 

 
9

 

successor with such changes in phraseology and form as may be appropriate, but otherwise identical to the Securities surrendered for such exchange and of like principal amount; and the Trustee, upon receipt of a Company Order of such successor, shall authenticate and deliver Securities as specified in such order for the purpose of such exchange.  If Securities shall at any time be authenticated and delivered in any new name of such successor pursuant to this provision of Section 2.03 in exchange or substitution for or upon registration of transfer of any Securities, such successor, at the option of the Holders but without expense to them, shall provide for the exchange of all Securities then outstanding for Securities authenticated and delivered in such new name.
 
SECTION 2.04.  Registrar and Paying Agent.
 
The Company shall maintain, with respect to each Series of Securities, at the place or places specified with respect to such Series pursuant to Section 2.02, an office or agency where Securities of such Series may be presented or surrendered for payment (“Paying Agent”) and where Securities of such Series may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange (“Registrar”).  The Registrar shall keep a register with respect to each Series of Securities and to their transfer and exchange.  The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the name and address, and any change in the name or address, of each Registrar and Paying Agent.  If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required Registrar or Paying Agent or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the name and address thereof, such presentations and surrenders may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all such presentations and surrenders.
 
The Company may also from time to time designate one or more co-registrars or additional paying agents and may from time to time rescind such designations; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligations to maintain a Registrar or Paying Agent in each place so specified pursuant to Section 2.02 for Securities of any Series for such purposes.  The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation or rescission and of any change in the name or address of any such co-registrar or additional paying agent.  The term “Registrar” includes any co-registrar; and the term “Paying Agent” includes any additional paying agent.
 
The Company hereby appoints [                                                                ] as the initial Registrar and Paying Agent for each Series unless another Registrar or Paying Agent as the case may be, is appointed prior to the time Securities of that Series are first issued.  Each Registrar and Paying Agent shall be entitled to all of the rights, protections, exculpations and indemnities afforded to the Trustee in connection with its roles as Registrar and Paying Agent.
 
SECTION 2.05.  Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust.
 
The Company shall require each Paying Agent other than the Trustee to agree in writing that the Paying Agent will hold in trust, for the benefit of Securityholders of any Series of Securities, or the Trustee, all money held by the Paying Agent for the payment of principal of or interest on the Series of Securities, and will notify the Trustee of any default by the Company in making any such payment.  While any such default continues, the Trustee may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee.  The Company at any time may require
 

 
10

 

a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee.  Upon payment over to the Trustee, the Paying Agent (if other than the Company or a Subsidiary) shall have no further liability for the money.  If the Company or a Subsidiary acts as Paying Agent, it shall segregate and hold in a separate trust fund for the benefit of Securityholders of any Series of Securities all money held by it as Paying Agent.
 
SECTION 2.06.  Securityholder Lists.
 
The Trustee shall preserve in as current a form as is reasonably practicable the most recent list available to it of the names and addresses of Securityholders of each Series of Securities and shall otherwise comply with TIA Section 312(a).  If the Trustee is not the Registrar, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee at least [  ] days before each interest payment date and at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing a list, in such form and as of such date as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of Securityholders of each Series of Securities.
 
SECTION 2.07.  Transfer and Exchange.
 
Where Securities of a Series are presented to the Registrar or a co-registrar with a request to register a transfer or to exchange them for an equal principal amount of Securities of the same Series, the Registrar shall register the transfer or make the exchange if its requirements for such transactions are met.  To permit registrations of transfers and exchanges, the Trustee shall authenticate Securities at the Registrar’s request.  Any exchange or transfer shall be without charge, except that the Company or the Registrar may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge required by law; provided that this sentence shall not apply to any exchange pursuant to Section 2.11, 2.08, 3.06 or 9.06.
 
Neither the Company nor the Registrar shall be required (a) to issue, register the transfer of, or exchange Securities of any Series for the period beginning at the opening of business [  ] days immediately preceding the mailing of a notice of redemption of Securities of that Series selected for redemption and ending at the close of business on the day of such mailing, or (b) to register the transfer of or exchange Securities of any Series selected, called or being called for redemption as a whole or the portion being redeemed of any such Securities selected, called or being called for redemption in part.
 
All Securities issued upon any transfer or exchange of Securities shall be valid obligations of the Company, evidencing the same debt and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the Securities surrendered upon such transfer or exchange.  Any Registrar appointed pursuant to Section 2.04 shall provide to the Trustee such information as the Trustee may reasonably require in connection with the delivery by such Registrar of Securities upon transfer or exchange of Securities.  Each Holder of a Security agrees to indemnify the Company and the Trustee against any liability that may result from the transfer, exchange or assignment of such Holder’s Security in violation of any provision of this Indenture and/or applicable U.S. federal or state securities law.

 
11

 

SECTION 2.08.  Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities.
 
If any mutilated Security is surrendered to the Registrar, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a new Security of the same Series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.
 
If there shall be delivered to the Company and the Registrar (i) evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security and (ii) such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them and any agent of either of them harmless, then, in the absence of notice to the Company or the Registrar that such Security has been acquired by a bona fide purchaser, the Company shall execute and upon its request the Trustee shall authenticate and make available for delivery, in lieu of any such destroyed, lost or stolen Security, a new Security of the same Series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.
 
In case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security has become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may, instead of issuing a new Security, pay such Security.
 
Upon the issuance of any new Security under this Section, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.
 
Every new Security of any series issued pursuant to this Section in lieu of any destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall constitute an original additional contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of that Series duly issued hereunder.
 
The provisions of this Section are exclusive and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities.
 
SECTION 2.09.  Outstanding Securities.
 
The Securities outstanding at any time are all the Securities authenticated by the Trustee except for those canceled by it, those delivered to it for cancellation, those reductions in the interest on a Global Security effected by the Trustee in accordance with the provisions hereof and those described in this Section as not outstanding.
 
If a Security is replaced pursuant to Section 2.08, it ceases to be outstanding until the Trustee receives proof satisfactory to it that the replaced Security is held by a bona fide purchaser.
 
If the Paying Agent (other than the Company, a Subsidiary or an Affiliate of any thereof) holds on the Maturity of Securities of a Series money sufficient to pay such Securities
 

 
12

 
 
payable on that date, then on and after that date such Securities of the Series cease to be outstanding and interest on them ceases to accrue.
 
A Security does not cease to be outstanding because the Company or an Affiliate holds the Security.
 
In determining whether the Holders of the requisite principal amount of outstanding Securities have given any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder, the principal amount of a Discount Security that shall be deemed to be outstanding for such purposes shall be the amount of the principal thereof that would be due and payable as of the date of such determination upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.02.
 
SECTION 2.10.  Treasury Securities.
 
In determining whether the Holders of the required principal amount of Securities of a Series have concurred in any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver Securities of a Series owned by the Company or an Affiliate shall be disregarded, except that for the purposes of determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver only Securities of a Series that a Responsible Officer of the Trustee actually knows are so owned shall be so disregarded.
 
SECTION 2.11.   Temporary Securities.
 
Until definitive Securities are ready for delivery, the Company may prepare and the Trustee shall authenticate temporary securities upon a Company Order (“Temporary Securities”).  Temporary Securities shall be substantially in the form of definitive Securities but may have variations that the Company considers appropriate for temporary Securities.  Without unreasonable delay, the Company shall prepare and the Trustee upon written request shall authenticate definitive Securities of the same Series and date of maturity in exchange for temporary Securities.  Until so exchanged, temporary securities shall have the same rights under this Indenture as the definitive Securities.
 
SECTION 2.12.  Cancellation.
 
The Company at any time may deliver Securities to the Trustee for cancellation.  The Registrar and the Paying Agent shall forward to the Trustee or its agent any Securities surrendered to them for transfer, exchange, payment or conversion.  The Trustee and no one else shall cancel, in accordance with its standard procedures, all Securities surrendered for transfer, exchange, payment, conversion or cancellation and shall deliver the cancelled Securities to the Company.  No Security shall be authenticated in exchange for any Security cancelled pursuant to this Section 2.12.
 
The Company may, to the extent permitted by law, purchase Securities in the open market or by tender offer at any price or by private agreement.  Any Securities purchased or otherwise acquired by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries prior to the final maturity of such Securities may, to the extent permitted by law, be reissued or resold or may, at the option of the Company, be surrendered to the Trustee for cancellation.  Any Securities surrendered for
 

 
13

 

cancellation may not be reissued or resold and shall be promptly cancelled by the Trustee, and the Company may not hold or resell such Securities or issue any new Securities to replace any such Securities.
 
SECTION 2.13.   Defaulted Interest.
 
If the Company defaults in a payment of interest on a Series of Securities, it shall pay defaulted interest, plus, to the extent permitted by law, any interest payable on the defaulted interest at the Default Rate, to the persons who are Security holders of the Series on a subsequent special record date.  The Company shall fix the record date and payment date.  At least [  ] days before the record date, the Company shall mail to the Trustee and the Paying Agent and to each Securityholder of the Series a notice that states the record date, the payment date and the amount of interest to be paid.  The Company may pay defaulted interest in any other lawful manner.
 
SECTION 2.14.   Global Securities.
 
(a)           A Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers’ Certificate shall establish whether the Securities of a Series shall be issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities and the Depository for such Global Security or Securities.
 
(b)            (i)           Notwithstanding any provisions to the contrary contained in Section 2.07 of the Indenture and in addition thereto, any Global Security shall be exchangeable pursuant to Section 2.07 of the Indenture for Securities registered in the names of Holders other than the Depository for such Security or its nominee only if (A) such Depository notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depository for such Global Security or if at any time such Depository ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act, and, in either case, the Company fails to appoint a successor Depository within 90 days of such event, (B) the Company executes and delivers to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate to the effect that such Global Security shall be so exchangeable or (C) an Event of Default with respect to the Securities represented by such Global Security shall have happened and be continuing.
 
(ii)           Except as provided in this Section 2.14(b), a Global Security may not be transferred except as a whole by the Depository with respect to such Global Security to a nominee of such Depository, by a nominee of such Depository to such Depository or another nominee of such Depository or by the Depository or any such nominee to a successor Depository or a nominee of such a successor Depository.
 
(iii)           Securities issued in exchange for a Global Security or any portion thereof shall be issued in definitive, fully registered form, without interest coupons, shall have an aggregate principal amount equal to that of such Global Security or portion thereof to be so exchanged, shall be registered in such names and be in such authorized denominations as the Depository shall designate and shall bear the applicable legends provided for herein.  Any Global Security to be exchanged in whole shall be surrendered by the Depository to the Trustee, as Registrar.  With regard to any Global Security to be exchanged in part, either such Global Security shall be so surrendered for exchange or, if
 

 
14

 

the Registrar is acting as custodian for the Depository or its nominee with respect to such Global Security, the principal amount thereof shall be reduced by an amount equal to the portion thereof to be so exchanged, by means of an appropriate adjustment made on the records of the Trustee.  Upon any such surrender or adjustment, the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver the Security issuable on such exchange to or upon the order of the Depository or an authorized representative thereof.
 
(iv)           The registered Holder may grant proxies and otherwise authorize any Person, including participants in the Depository and persons that may hold interests through participants in the Depository, to take any action which a Holder is entitled to take under this Indenture or the Securities.
 
(v)           In the event of the occurrence of any of the events specified in 2.14(b)(i), the Company will promptly make available to the Trustee a reasonable supply of Certificated Securities in definitive, fully registered form, without interest coupons.  If (A) an event described in Section 2.14(b)(i)(A) or (B) occurs and definitive Certificated Securities are not issued promptly to all beneficial owners or (B) the Registrar receives from a beneficial owner instructions to obtain definitive Certificated Securities due to an event described in Section 2.14(b)(i)(C) and definitive Certificated Securities are not issued promptly to any such beneficial owner, the Company expressly acknowledges, with respect to the right of any Holder to pursue a remedy pursuant to Section 6.07 hereof, the right of any beneficial owner of Securities to pursue such remedy with respect to the portion of the Global Security that represents such beneficial owner’s Securities as if such definitive certificated Securities had been issued.
 
(vi)           Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in this Indenture, so long as a Global Security remains outstanding and is held by or on behalf of the Depository, transfers of a Global Security, in whole or in part, or of any beneficial interest therein, shall only be made in accordance with Section 2.07, this Section 2.14(b) and the rules and procedures of the Depository for such Global Security to the extent applicable to such transaction and as in effect from time to time.
 
(c)           Any Global Security issued hereunder shall bear a legend in substantially the following form:
 
“This Security is a Global Security within the meaning of the Indenture hereinafter referred to and is registered in the name of the Depository or a nominee of the Depository.  This Security is exchangeable for Securities registered in the name of a person other than the Depository or its nominee only in the limited circumstances described in the Indenture, and may not be transferred except as a whole by the Depository to a nominee of the Depository, by a nominee of the Depository to the Depository or another nominee of the Depository or by the Depository or any such nominee to a successor Depository or a nominee of such a successor Depository.”
 
(d)           The Depository, as a Holder, may appoint agents and otherwise authorize participants to give or take any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action which a Holder is entitled to give or take under the Indenture.
 

 
15

 

(e)           Notwithstanding the other provisions of this Indenture, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.02, payment of the principal of and interest, if any, on any Global Security shall be made to the Holder thereof at their registered office.
 
(f)           At all times the Securities are held in book-entry form with a Depository, (i) the Trustee may deal with such Depository as the authorized representative of the Holders, (ii) the rights of the Holders shall be exercised only through the Depository and shall be limited to those established by law and agreement between the Holders and the Depository and/or direct participants of the Depository, (iii) the Depository will make book-entry transfers among the direct participants of the Depository and will receive and transmit distributions of principal and interest on the Securities to such direct participants; and (iv) the direct participants of the Depository shall have no rights under this Indenture, or any supplement hereto, under or with respect to any of the Securities held on their behalf by the Depository, and the Depository may be treated by the Trustee and its agents, employees, officers and directors as the absolute owner of the Securities for all purposes whatsoever.
 
SECTION 2.15.  CUSIP Numbers.
 
The Company in issuing the Securities may use “CUSIP”, “CCN”, “ISIN” or other identification numbers (if then generally in use), and, if so, the Trustee shall use “CUSIP”, “CCN”, “ISIN” or such other identification numbers in notices of redemption as a convenience to Holders; provided that any such notice may state that no representation is made as to the correctness of such numbers either as printed on the Securities or as contained in any notice of a redemption and that reliance may be placed only on the other elements of identification printed on the Securities, and any such redemption shall not be affected by any defect in or omission of such numbers.
 
ARTICLE III
 
REDEMPTION
 
SECTION 3.01.  Notice to Trustee.
 
The Company may, with respect to any series of Securities, reserve the right to redeem and pay the Series of Securities or may covenant to redeem and pay the Series of Securities or any part thereof prior to the Stated Maturity thereof at such time and on such terms as provided for in such Securities.  If a Series of Securities is redeemable and the Company wants or is obligated to redeem prior to the Stated Maturity thereof all or part of the Series of Securities pursuant to the terms of such Securities, it shall notify the Trustee and Registrar in writing of the redemption date and the principal amount of Series of Securities to be redeemed.  The Company shall give the notice at least [  ] days before the redemption date (or such shorter notice as may be acceptable to the Trustee and Registrar).
 
SECTION 3.02.   Selection of Securities to be Redeemed.
 
Unless otherwise indicated for a particular Series by a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture or an Officers’ Certificate, if less than all the Securities of a Series are to be redeemed, the Registrar shall select the Securities of the Series to be redeemed in accordance
 

 
16

 

with its customary procedures.  The Registrar shall make the selection from Securities of the Series outstanding not previously called for redemption.  The Registrar may select for redemption portions of the principal of Securities of the Series that have denominations larger than $1,000.  Securities of the Series and portions of them it selects shall be in amounts of $1,000 or whole multiples of $1,000 or, with respect to Securities of any Series issuable in other denominations pursuant to Section 2.02(g), the minimum principal denomination for each Series and integral multiples thereof.  Provisions of this Indenture that apply to Securities of a Series called for redemption also apply to portions of Securities of that Series called for redemption.
 
SECTION 3.03.  Notice of Redemption.
 
Unless otherwise indicated for a particular Series by Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers’ Certificate, at least [  ] days but not more than [  ] days before a redemption date, the Company shall mail a notice of redemption by first-class mail to each Holder whose Securities are to be redeemed.
 
The notice shall identify the Securities of the Series to be redeemed and shall state:
 
(a)           the redemption date;
 
(b)           the redemption price;
 
(c)           the name and address of the Paying Agent;
 
(d)           that Securities of the Series called for redemption must be surrendered to the Paying Agent to collect the redemption price;
 
(e)           that interest on Securities of the Series called for redemption ceases to accrue on and after the redemption date; and
 
(f)           any other information as may be required by the terms of the particular Series or the Securities of a Series being redeemed.
 
At the Company’s written request, the Trustee shall distribute the notice of redemption prepared by the Company in the Company’s name and at its expense.
 
SECTION 3.04.   Effect of Notice of Redemption.
 
Once notice of redemption is mailed or published as provided in Section 3.03, Securities of a Series called for redemption become due and payable on the redemption date and at the redemption price.  A notice of redemption may not be conditional.  Upon surrender to the Paying Agent, such Securities shall be paid at the redemption price plus accrued interest to the redemption date.
 

 
17

 

SECTION 3.05.   Deposit of Redemption Price.
 
On or before the redemption date, the Company shall deposit with the Paying Agent money sufficient to pay the redemption price of and accrued interest, if any, on all Securities to be redeemed on that date.
 
SECTION 3.06.  Securities Redeemed in Part.
 
Upon surrender of a Security that is redeemed in part, the Trustee shall authenticate for the Holder a new Security of the same Series and the same maturity equal in principal amount to the unredeemed portion of the Security surrendered.
 

ARTICLE IV
 
COVENANTS
 
SECTION 4.01.  Payment of Principal and Interest.
 
The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit of the Holders of each Series of Securities that it will duly and punctually pay the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities of that Series in accordance with the terms of such Securities and this Indenture. 

Unless otherwise provided under the terms of a particular Series of Securities:

(a)           an installment of principal or interest shall be considered paid on the date it is due if the Paying Agent (other than the Company) holds by [] [a].m., New York City time, on that date money, deposited by the Company or an Affiliate thereof, sufficient to pay such installment.  The Company shall (in immediately available funds), to the fullest extent permitted by law, pay interest on overdue principal and overdue installments of interest at the rate borne by the Securities per annum; and
 
(b)           payment of the principal of and interest on the Securities shall be made at the office or agency of the Company maintained for that purpose in [] (which shall initially be [], the Paying Agent) in such coin or currency of the United States of America as at the time of payment is legal tender for payment of public and private debts; provided, however, that at the option of the Company payment of interest may be made by check mailed to the address of the Person entitled thereto as such address appears in the register; provided, further, that a Holder with an aggregate principal amount in excess of $[] will be paid by wire transfer in immediately available funds at the election of such Holder if such Holder has provided wire transfer instructions to the Company at least [  ] Business Days prior to the payment date.
 

SECTION 4.02.  SEC Reports.
 
So long as any Securities are outstanding, the Company shall (i) file with the SEC within the time periods prescribed by its rules and regulations and (ii) furnish to the Trustee and
 

 
18

 

the Holders of the Securities within [  ] days after the date on which the Company would be required to file the same with the SEC pursuant to its rules and regulations (giving effect to any grace period provided by Rule 12b-25 under the Exchange Act), all quarterly and annual financial information required to be furnished or filed with the SEC pursuant to Section 13 and Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act and, with respect to the annual consolidated financial statements only, a report thereon by the Company’s independent auditors.  The Company also shall comply with the other provisions of TIA Section 314(a).
 
Delivery of such reports, information and documents to the Trustee is for informational purposes only, and the Trustee’s receipt of such shall not constitute constructive notice of any information contained therein or determinable from information contained therein, including the Company’s compliance with any of its covenants hereunder (as to which the Trustee is entitled to rely exclusively on Officers’ Certificates).  The Company shall not be required to file any report or other information with the SEC if the SEC does not permit such filing, although such reports shall be furnished to the Trustee.  Documents filed by the Company with the SEC via the SEC’s EDGAR system (or any successor thereto) will be deemed furnished to the Trustee and the Holders of the Securities as of the time such documents are filed via EDGAR (or such successor).
 
SECTION 4.03.  Compliance Certificate.
 
The Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within [   ] days after the end of each fiscal year of the Company, an officers certificate signed by two of the Company’s officers stating that a review of the activities of the Company and its Subsidiaries during the preceding fiscal year has been made under the supervision of the signing Officers with a view to determining whether the Company has kept, observed, performed and fulfilled its obligations under this Indenture, and further stating, as to each such Officer signing such certificate, that to the best of his knowledge the Company has kept, observed, performed and fulfilled each and every covenant contained in this Indenture and is not in default in the performance or observance of any of the terms, provisions and conditions hereof (or, if a Default or Event of Default shall have occurred, describing all such Defaults or Events of Default of which he may have knowledge in reasonable detail and the efforts to remedy the same).  For purposes of this Section 4.03, compliance shall be determined without regard to any grace period or requirement of notice provided pursuant to the terms of this Indenture.
 
The Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within [  ] days after the occurrence thereof, written notice in the form of an Officers’ Certificate of any Event of Default described in Section 6.01(e), (f), (g) or (h) and any event of which it becomes aware that with the giving of notice or the lapse of time would become such an Event of Default, its status and what action the Company is taking or proposes to take with respect thereto.  For the avoidance of doubt, a breach of a covenant under an Instrument that is not a payment default and that has not given rise to a right of acceleration under such Instrument shall not trigger the requirement to provide notice under this paragraph.
 

 
19

 

SECTION 4.04.   Stay, Extension and Usury Laws.
 
The Company covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it will not at any time insist upon, plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any stay, extension or usury law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the covenants or the performance of this Indenture or the Securities; and the Company (to the extent it may lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such law and covenants that it will not, by resort to any such law, hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law has been enacted.
 
SECTION 4.05.  Corporate Existence.
 
Subject to Article V, the Company will do or cause to be done all things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect its corporate existence and the corporate, partnership or other existence of each Subsidiary in accordance with the respective organizational documents of each Subsidiary and the rights (charter and statutory), licenses and franchises of the Company and its Subsidiaries; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to preserve any such right, license or franchise, or the corporate, partnership or other existence of any Subsidiary, if the Board of Directors shall determine that the preservation thereof is no longer desirable in the conduct of the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole and that the loss thereof is not adverse in any material respect to the Holders.
 
SECTION 4.06.  Taxes.
 
The Company shall, and shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to, pay prior to delinquency all taxes, assessments and governmental levies, except as contested in good faith and by appropriate proceedings.
 
SECTION 4.07.   Additional Interest Notice.
 
In the event that the Company is required to pay additional interest to Holders of Securities pursuant to Section 6.02(b) hereof, the Company shall provide a direction or order in the form of a written notice to the Trustee (and if the Trustee is not the Paying Agent, the Paying Agent) of the Company’s obligation to pay such additional interest no later than [   ] Business Days prior to date on which any such additional interest is scheduled to be paid.  Such notice shall set forth the amount of additional interest to be paid by the Company on such payment date and direct the Trustee (or, if the Trustee is not the Paying Agent, the Paying Agent) to make payment to the extent it receives funds from the Company to do so.  The Trustee shall not at any time be under any duty or responsibility to any Holder to determine whether additional interest is payable, or with respect to the nature, extent, or calculation of the amount of additional interest owed, or with respect to the method employed in such calculation of additional interest.
 
SECTION 4.08.  Further Instruments and Acts.
 
The Company will execute and deliver such further instruments and do such further acts as may be reasonably necessary or proper to carry out more effectively the purposes of this Indenture.
 

 
20

 

ARTICLE V
 
SUCCESSORS
 
SECTION 5.01.  When Company May Merge, Etc.
 
The Company shall not consolidate with, enter into a binding share exchange, or merge into any other Person in a transaction in which it is not the surviving entity, or sell, assign, convey, transfer or lease or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of its properties and assets to any Person (a “successor person”), unless:
 
(a)           the successor person (if any) is a corporation, partnership, trust or other entity organized and validly existing under the laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands, [], the United States, any state of the United States or the District of Columbia and expressly assumes by a supplemental indenture executed and delivered to the Trustee, in form satisfactory to the Trustee, the due and punctual payment of the principal of, and any interest on, all Securities and the performance or observance of every covenant of this Indenture on the part of the Company to be performed or observed;
 
(b)           immediately after giving effect to the transaction, no Default or Event of Default, shall have occurred and be continuing; and
 
(c)           the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee, prior to the consummation of the proposed transaction, an Officers’ Certificate to the foregoing effect and an Opinion of Counsel stating that the proposed transaction and such supplemental indenture comply with this Indenture.
 
SECTION 5.02.   Successor Corporation Substituted.
 
Upon any consolidation or merger, or any sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company in accordance with Section 5.01, the successor person formed by such consolidation or into or with which the Company is merged or to which such sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition is made shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such successor person has been named as the Company herein; provided, however, that the predecessor company in the case of a sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company shall not be released from the obligation to pay the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities.
 
ARTICLE VI
 
DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES
 
SECTION 6.01.  Events of Default.
 
“Event of Default,” wherever used herein with respect to securities of any Series, means any one of the following events, unless in the establishing Board Resolution,
 

 
21

 

supplemental indenture or Officers’ Certificate, it is provided that such Series shall not have the benefit of said Event of Default:
 
(a)           default in the payment of any interest on any Security of that Series when it becomes due and payable, and continuance of such default for a period of 30 days (unless the entire amount of such payment is deposited by the Company with the Trustee or with a Paying Agent prior to the expiration of such period of 30 days); or
 
(b)           default in the payment of any principal of any Security of that Series at its Maturity; or
 
(c)           default in the deposit of any sinking fund payment, when and as due in respect of any Security of that Series; or
 
(d)           the Company fails to perform or comply with any of its other covenants or agreements contained in the Securities or in this Indenture (other than a covenant or agreement a default in whose performance or whose breach is specifically dealt with in clauses (a), (b) or (c) of this Section 6.01) and the default continues for 60 days after notice is given as specified below;
 
(e)           any indebtedness under any bond, debenture, note or other evidence of indebtedness for money borrowed by the Company or any Subsidiary or under any mortgage, indenture or instrument under which there may be issued or by which there may be secured or evidenced any indebtedness for money borrowed by, or any other payment obligation of, the Company or any Subsidiary (an “Instrument”) with a principal amount then, individually or in the aggregate, outstanding in excess of $[], whether such indebtedness now exists or shall hereafter be created, is not paid at Maturity or when otherwise due or is accelerated, and such indebtedness is not discharged, or such default in payment or acceleration is not cured or rescinded, within a period of 30 days after there shall have been given, by registered or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at least [  ]% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series a written notice specifying such default and requiring the Company to cause such indebtedness to be discharged or cause such default to be cured or waived or such acceleration to be rescinded or annulled and stating that such notice is a “Notice of Default” hereunder.  A payment obligation (other than indebtedness under any bond, debenture, note or other evidence of indebtedness for money borrowed by the Company or any Subsidiary or under any mortgage, indenture or instrument under which there may be issued or by which there may be secured or evidenced any indebtedness for money borrowed by the Company or any Subsidiary) shall not be deemed to have matured, come due, or been accelerated to the extent that it is being disputed by the relevant obligor or obligors in good faith.  For the avoidance of doubt, the Maturity of an Instrument is the Maturity as set forth in that Instrument, as it may be amended from time to time in accordance with the terms of that Instrument;
 
(f)           the Company or any Subsidiary fails to pay one or more final and non-appealable judgments entered by a court or courts of competent jurisdiction, the aggregate uninsured or unbonded portion of which is in excess of $[], if the judgments are not paid, discharged, waived or stayed within [  ] days;
 

 
22

 

(g)           the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company, pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law:
 
(i)           commences a voluntary case or proceeding;
 
(ii)           consents to the entry of an order for relief against it in an involuntary case or proceeding;
 
(iii)           consents to the appointment of a Custodian of it or for all or substantially all of its property; or
 
(iv)           makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors; or
 
(v)           or generally is unable to pay its debts as the same become due; or
 
(h)           a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree under any Bankruptcy Law that:
 
(i)           is for relief against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries in an involuntary case or proceeding;
 
(ii)           appoints a Custodian of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries for all or substantially all of the property of the Company or any such Subsidiary; or
 
(iii)           orders the liquidation of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries;
 
and the case of each of clause (i), (ii) and (iii), the order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for [  ] consecutive days; or
 
(i)           any other Event of Default provided with respect to Securities of that Series, which is specified in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers’ Certificate, in accordance with Section 2.02(i).
 
A default under clause (d) above is not an Event of Default until the Trustee notifies the Company, or the Holders of at least [  ]% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities then outstanding notify the Company and the Trustee, in writing of the default, and the Company does not cure the default within 60 days after receipt of such notice.  The notice given pursuant to this Section 6.01 must specify the default, demand that it be remedied and state that the notice is a “Notice of Default.”  When any default under this Section 6.01 is cured, it ceases.
 
The Trustee shall not be charged with knowledge of any Event of Default unless written notice thereof shall have been given to a Trust Officer at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee by the Company, a Paying Agent, any Holder or any agent of any Holder. 
 
SECTION 6.02.  Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment.
 
(a)           If an Event of Default (other than an Event of Default specified in clause (g) or (h) of Section 6.01) occurs and is continuing with respect to any Securities of any Series,
 

 
23

 

then in every such case, the Trustee may, by notice to the Company, or the Holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of that Series (or, if any Securities of that Series are Discount Securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of such Securities) then outstanding may, by notice to the Company and the Trustee, declare all unpaid principal of, and accrued and unpaid interest on to the date of acceleration, the Securities of that Series then outstanding (if not then due and payable) to be due and payable upon any such declaration, and the same shall become and be immediately due and payable.  If an Event of Default specified in clause (g) or (h) of Section 6.01 occurs, all unpaid principal of the Securities then outstanding, and all accrued and unpaid interest thereon to the date of acceleration, shall ipso facto become and be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or any Holder.  The Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of that Series then outstanding by notice to the Trustee may rescind an acceleration of such Securities of that Series and its consequences if (a) all existing Events of Default, other than the nonpayment of the principal of the Securities which has become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, have been cured or waived; (b) to the extent the payment of such interest is lawful, interest (calculated at the Default Rate) on overdue installments of interest and overdue principal, which has become due otherwise than by such declaration of acceleration, has been paid; (c) the rescission would not conflict with any judgment or decree of a court of competent jurisdiction; and (d) all payments due to the Trustee and any predecessor Trustee under Section 7.07 have been made.  No such rescission shall affect any subsequent default or impair any right consequent thereto.
 
(b)           Notwithstanding any of provision of this Article 6, at the election of the Company in its sole discretion, the sole remedy under this Indenture for an Event of Default relating to the failure to comply with Section 4.02, and for any failure to comply with the requirements of Section 314(a)(1) of the TIA, will consist, for the 180 days after the occurrence of such an Event of Default, exclusively of the right to receive additional interest on the Securities at a rate equal to 0.50% per annum of the aggregate principal amount of the Securities then outstanding up to, but not including, the 181st day thereafter (or, if applicable, the earlier date on which the Event of Default relating to Section 4.02 is cured or waived).  Any such additional interest will be payable in the same manner and on the same dates as the stated interest payable on the Securities.  In no event shall additional interest accrue under the terms of this Indenture at a rate in excess of 0.50% per annum, in the aggregate, for any violation or default caused by the failure of the Company to be current in respect of its Exchange Act reporting obligations.  If the Event of Default is continuing on the 181st day after an Event of Default relating to a failure to comply with Section 4.02, the Securities will be subject to acceleration as provided in this Section 6.02.  The provisions of this Section 6.02(b) will not affect the rights of Holders in the event of the occurrence of any other Events of Default.
 
In order to elect to pay additional interest as the sole remedy during the first 180 days after the occurrence of an Event of Default relating to the failure to comply with Section 4.02 in accordance with the immediately preceding paragraph, the Company shall notify all Holders and the Trustee and Paying Agent of such election on or before the close of business on the fifth Business Day after the date on which such Event of Default otherwise would occur.  Upon a failure by the Company to timely give such notice or pay additional interest, the Securities will be immediately subject to acceleration as otherwise provided in this Section 6.02.
 

 
24

 

SECTION 6.03.  Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee.
 
If an Event of Default with respect to any Securities of any Series occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of such Series by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy.
 
If an Event of Default in the payment of principal, interest, if any, specified in clause (a) or (b) of Section 6.01 occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may recover judgment in its own name and as trustee of an express trust against the Company or another obligor on the Securities for the whole amount of principal, and accrued interest remaining unpaid, if any, together with, to the extent that payment of such interest is lawful, interest on overdue principal, on overdue installments of interest, if any, in each case at the Default Rate, and such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel.
 
SECTION 6.04.  Trustee May File Proofs of Claim.
 
In case of the pendency of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, composition or other judicial proceeding relative to the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or the property of the Company or of such other obligor or their creditors, the Trustee (irrespective of whether the principal of the Securities shall then be due and payable as therein expressed or by declaration or otherwise and irrespective of whether the Trustee shall have made any demand on the Company for the payment of overdue principal or interest) shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise,
 
(a)           to file and prove a claim for the whole amount of principal and interest owing and unpaid in respect of the Securities and to file such other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee (including any claim for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel) and of the Holders allowed in such judicial proceeding, and
 
(b)           to collect and receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same, and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Holder to make such payments to the Trustee and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due it for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.07.
 

 
25

 

Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding.
 
SECTION 6.05.  Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities.
 
All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or the Securities may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of the Securities or the production thereof in any proceeding relating thereto, and any such proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision for the payment of the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, be for the ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities in respect of which such judgment has been recovered.
 
SECTION 6.06.  Application of Money Collected.
 
Any money collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such money on account of principal or interest, upon presentation of the Securities and the notation thereon of the payment if only partially paid and upon surrender thereof if fully paid: and
 
First: To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.07;
 
Second: To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid for principal of and interest on the Securities in respect of which or for the benefit of which such money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on such Securities for principal and interest, respectively; and
 
Third: To the Company.
 
SECTION 6.07.   Limitation on Suits.
 
No Holder of any Security of any Series shall have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder (except actions for payment of overdue principal and interest), unless:
 
(a)           such Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities of that Series;
 
(b)           the Holders of not less than [  ]% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series shall have made written request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in its own name as Trustee hereunder;
 
(c)           such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee indemnity satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred in compliance with such request;
 

 
26

 

(d)           the Trustee for [  ] days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity has failed to institute any such proceeding; and
 
(e)           no direction inconsistent with such written request has been given to the Trustee during such [  ]-day period by the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series; it being understood and intended that no one or more of such Holders shall have any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other of such Holders, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any other of such Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal and ratable benefit of all such Holders.
 
SECTION 6.08.  Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal and Interest.
 
Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, the Holder of any Security shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to receive payment of the principal of and interest, if any, on such Security on the Stated Maturity or Stated Maturities expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the redemption date) and to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment, and such rights shall not be impaired without the consent of such Holder.
 
SECTION 6.09.  Restoration of Rights and Remedies.
 
If the Trustee or any Holder has instituted any proceeding to enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued or abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to the Trustee or to such Holder, then and in every such case, subject to any determination in such proceeding, the Company, the Trustee and the Holders shall be restored severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder and thereafter all rights and remedies of the Trustee and the Holders shall continue as though no such proceeding had been instituted.
 
SECTION 6.10.   Rights and Remedies Cumulative.
 
Except as otherwise provided with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities in Section 2.08, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to the Holders is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise.  The assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.
 
SECTION 6.11.  Delay or Omission Not Waiver.
 
No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any Securities to exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair any such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or an acquiescence therein.  Every right and
 

 
27

 

remedy given by this Article or by law to the Trustee or to the Holders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by the Holders, as the case may be.
 
SECTION 6.12.  Control by Holders.
 
The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee, with respect to the Securities of such Series, provided that
 
(a)           such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with this Indenture,
 
(b)           the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction; and
 
(c)           subject to the provisions of Section 6.01, the Trustee shall have the right to decline to follow any such direction if the Trustee in good faith shall, by a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, determine that the proceeding so directed would involve the Trustee in personal liability or would be unduly prejudicial to the rights of another Holder or the Trustee.
 
SECTION 6.13.  Waiver of Past Defaults.
 
Subject to Section 9.02, the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series may on behalf of the Holders of all the Securities of such Series waive any past Default hereunder with respect to such Series and its consequences, except a Default in the payment of the principal of or interest on any Security of such Series (provided, however, that the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series may rescind an acceleration and its consequences, including any related payment default that resulted from such acceleration).  Upon any such waiver, such Default shall cease to exist, and any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other Default or impair any right consequent thereon.
 
SECTION 6.14.  Undertaking for Costs.
 
All parties to this Indenture agree, and each Holder of any Security by his acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken, suffered or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, against any party litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the provisions of this Section shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Company, to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Holder, or group of Holders, holding in the aggregate more than [  ]% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series, or to any suit instituted by any Holder for the enforcement of the
 

 
28

 

payment of the principal of or interest on any Security on or after the Stated Maturity or Stated Maturities expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the redemption date).
 
ARTICLE VII
 
TRUSTEE
 
SECTION 7.01.   Duties of Trustee.
 
(a)           If an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee shall exercise the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his own affairs.
 
(b)           Except during the continuance of an Event of Default:
 
(i)           The Trustee  need perform only those duties that are specifically set forth in this Indenture and no implied duties, covenants or obligations shall be deemed to be imposed upon the Trustee.
 
(ii)           in the absence of bad faith on its part, the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon Officers’ Certificates or Opinions of Counsel furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture; however, in the case of any such Officers’ Certificates or Opinions of Counsel which by any provisions hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall examine such Officers’ Certificates and Opinions of Counsel to determine whether or not they conform on their face to the requirements of this Indenture.
 
(c)           The Trustee may not be relieved from liability for its own its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act or willful misconduct, except that:
 
(i)           This paragraph does not limit the effect of paragraph (b) of Section 7.01 herein.
 
(ii)           The Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer.
 
(iii)           The Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it with respect to Securities of any Series in good faith in accordance with the direction of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such Series relating to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee, under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such Series.
 

 
29

 

(d)           Every provision of this Indenture that in any way relates to the Trustee is subject to paragraph (a), (b) and (c) of this Section.
 
(e)           The Trustee may refuse to perform any duty or exercise any right or power unless it receives an indemnity satisfactory to it against any loss, liability or expense.
 
(f)           The Trustee shall not be liable for interest on any money received by it except as the Trustee may agree in writing with the Company.  Money held in trust by the Trustee need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.
 
(g)           No provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to risk or expend its own funds or otherwise incur liability, financial or otherwise, in the performance of any of its duties, or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers, if it shall have reasonable grounds for believing that repayment of such funds or indemnity satisfactory to it against such risk is not reasonably assured to it.
 
(h)           The Paying Agent, the Registrar and any authenticating agent shall be entitled to the same rights, indemnities, protections and immunities afforded to the Trustee.
 
(i)           The Trustee shall have no duty to monitor the performance or compliance of the Company with its obligations hereunder or any under supplement hereto, nor shall it have any liability in connection with the malfeasance or nonfeasance by the Company.  The Trustee shall have no liability in connection with compliance by the Company with statutory or regulatory requirements related to this Indenture, any supplement or any Securities issued pursuant hereto or thereto.
 
SECTION 7.02.  Rights of Trustee.
 
(a)           The Trustee may conclusively rely on and shall be fully protected in acting or refraining from acting as a result of its reasonable belief that any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, direction, approval or other paper or document was genuine and had been signed or presented by the proper person.  The Trustee need not investigate any fact or matter stated in the document, but the Trustee, in its discretion, may make such further inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it sees fit.
 
(b)           Before the Trustee acts or refrains from acting, it may require an Officers’ Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel or both.  The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in reliance on such Officers’ Certificate or Opinion of Counsel.
 
(c)           The Trustee may act through agents and shall not be responsible for the misconduct or negligence of, or for the supervision of, any agent appointed with due care.  No Depository shall be deemed an agent of the Trustee and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any act or omission by any Depository.
 
(d)           The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith which it believes to be authorized or within its rights or powers.
 

 
30

 

(e)           The Trustee may consult with counsel of its selection and the advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon.
 
(f)           The Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by or pursuant to this Indenture at the request, order or direction of any of the Holders of Securities, unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee reasonable security or indemnity satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction.
 
SECTION 7.03.  Individual Rights of Trustee.
 
The Trustee, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and may otherwise deal with the Company or an Affiliate with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee.  Any Agent may do the same with like rights.  The Trustee is also subject to Sections 7.10 and 7.11.
 
SECTION 7.04.  Trustee’s Disclaimer.
 
The Trustee makes no representation as to the validity or adequacy of this Indenture or the Securities and the recitals contained herein and in the Securities shall be taken as statements of the Company and not of the Trustee, and the Trustee has no responsibility for such recitals. The Trustee shall not be accountable for the Company’s use or application of the proceeds from the Securities or for monies paid over to the Company pursuant to this Indenture, and it shall not be responsible for any statement in the Securities other than its authentication.
 
SECTION 7.05.  Notice of Defaults.
 
If a Default or Event of Default occurs and is continuing with respect to the Securities of any Series and if a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has knowledge or receives written notice of such event, the Trustee shall mail to each Securityholder of the Securities of that Series, notice of a Default or Event of Default within [  ] days after it occurs or, if later, after a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has actual knowledge of such Default or Event of Default.  Except in the case of a Default or Event of Default in payment of principal of or interest on any Security of any Series, including any additional interest that may become payable pursuant to Section 6.02(b), the Trustee may withhold the notice so long as the Trustee in good faith determines that withholding the notice is in the interests of Securityholders of that Series.
 
SECTION 7.06.  Reports by Trustee to Holders.
 
Within [  ] days after [                          ] in each year, the Trustee shall transmit by mail to all Securityholders, as their names and addresses appear on the register kept by the Registrar, a brief report dated as of such [], in accordance with, and to the extent required under, TIA Section 313.
 
A copy of each report at the time of its mailing to Securityholders of any Series shall be filed with the SEC and each stock exchange on which the Securities of that Series are
 

 
31

 

listed.  The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee when Securities of any Series are listed on any stock exchange.
 
SECTION 7.07.  Compensation and Indemnity.
 
The Company shall pay to the Trustee from time to time such compensation for its services as shall be agreed upon in writing.  The Trustee’s compensation shall not be limited by any law on compensation of a trustee of an express trust.  The Company shall reimburse the Trustee upon request for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses, disbursements and advances incurred by it.  Such expenses shall include the reasonable compensation and expenses of the Trustee’s agents, counsel and other persons not regularly in its employ.
 
The Company shall indemnify, defend and hold harmless the Trustee and its officers, directors, employees, representatives and agents, from and against and reimburse the Trustee for any and all claims, expenses, obligations, liabilities, losses, damages, injuries (to person, property, or natural resources), penalties, stamp or other similar taxes, actions, suits, judgments, reasonable costs and expenses (including reasonable attorney’s and agent’s fees and expenses) of whatever kind or nature regardless of their merit, demanded, asserted or claimed against the Trustee directly or indirectly relating to, or arising from, claims against the Trustee by reason of its participation in the transactions contemplated hereby, including without limitation all reasonable costs required to be associated with claims for damages to persons or property, and reasonable attorneys’ and consultants’ fees and expenses and court costs except to the extent caused by the Trustee’s negligence or willful misconduct.  The provisions of this Section 7.07 shall survive the termination of this Agreement or the earlier resignation or removal of the Trustee.  The Company shall defend any claim and the Trustee shall cooperate in the defense.  The Trustee may have separate counsel and the Company shall pay the reasonable fees and expenses of such counsel.  The Company need not pay for any settlement made without its consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed.  This indemnification shall apply to officers, directors, employees, shareholders and agents of the Trustee.
 
The Company need not reimburse any expense or indemnify against any loss liability incurred by the Trustee or by any officer, director, employee, shareholder or agent of the Trustee through negligence or bad faith.
 
To secure the Company’s payment obligations in this Section, the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the Securities of any Series on all money or property held or collected by the Trustee, except that held in trust to pay principal and interest on particular Securities of that Series.
 
When the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services after an Event of Default specified in Section 6.01(f) or (g) occurs, the expenses and the compensation for the services are intended to constitute expenses of administration under any Bankruptcy Law.
 
SECTION 7.08.  Replacement of Trustee.
 
A resignation or removal of the Trustee and appointment of a successor Trustee shall become effective only upon the successor Trustee’s acceptance of appointment as provided in this Section.
 

 
32

 

The Trustee may resign with respect to the Securities of one or more Series by so notifying the Company.  The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities of any Series may remove the Trustee with respect to that Series by so notifying the Trustee and the Company.  The Company may remove the Trustee with respect to Securities of one or more Series if:
 
(a)           the Trustee fails to comply with Section 7.10;
 
(b)           the Trustee is adjudged a bankrupt or an insolvent or an order for relief is entered with respect to the Trustee under any Bankruptcy Law;
 
(c)           a Custodian or public officer takes charge of the Trustee or its property; or
 
(d)           the Trustee becomes incapable of acting.
 
If the Trustee resigns or is removed or if a vacancy exists in the office of Trustee for any reason, the Company shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee.  Within one year after the successor Trustee takes office, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities may appoint a successor Trustee to replace the successor Trustee appointed by the Company.
 
If a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any one or more Series does not take office within [  ] days after the retiring Trustee resigns or is removed, the retiring Trustee, the Company or the Holders of at least [  ]% in principal amount of the Securities of the applicable Series may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee.
 
A successor Trustee shall deliver a written acceptance of its appointment to the retiring Trustee and to the Company.  Immediately after that, the retiring Trustee shall transfer all property held by it as Trustee to the successor Trustee subject to the lien provided for in Section 7.07, and subject to the payment of any and all amounts then due and owing to the retiring Trustee, the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective, and the successor Trustee shall have all the rights, powers and duties of the Trustee with respect to each Series of Securities for which it is acting as Trustee under this Indenture.  A successor Trustee shall mail a notice of its succession to each Securityholder of each such Series.  Notwithstanding replacement of the Trustee pursuant to this Section 7.08, the Company’s obligations under Section 7.07 hereof shall continue for the benefit of the retiring trustee with respect to expenses and liabilities incurred by it prior to such replacement.
 
SECTION 7.09.  Successor Trustee by Merger, etc.
 
If the Trustee consolidates with, merges or converts into, or transfers all or substantially all of its corporate trust business to, another corporation, the successor corporation without any further act shall be the successor Trustee with the same effect as if the successor Trustee had been named as the Trustee herein.
 
SECTION 7.10.  Eligibility; Disqualification.
 
This Indenture shall always have a Trustee who satisfies the requirements of TIA Section 310(a)(1), (2) and (5).  The Trustee shall always have a combined capital and surplus of at least $25,000,000 as set forth in its most recent published annual report of condition.  The Trustee shall comply with TIA Section 310(b).

 
33

 

 
SECTION 7.11.  Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company.
 
The Trustee is subject to TIA Section 311(a), excluding any creditor relationship listed in TIA Section 311(b).  A Trustee who has resigned or been removed shall be subject to TTA Section 311(a) to the extent indicated.
 

ARTICLE VIII
 
SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE; DEFEASANCE
 
SECTION 8.01.  Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture.
 
This Indenture shall upon Company Order cease to be of further effect (except as hereinafter provided in this Section 8.01), and the Trustee, on the demand of and at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, when
 
(a)           either
 
(i)           all Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered (other than Securities that have been destroyed, lost or stolen and that have been replaced or paid) have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or
 
(ii)           all such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation have become due and payable, or
 
(1)           have become due and payable, or
 
(2)           will become due and payable at their Stated Maturity within [], or
 
(3)           are to be called for redemption within [                                                                ] under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company, or
 
(4)           are deemed paid and discharged pursuant to section 8.03, as applicable; and the Company, in the case of (1), (2) or (3) above, has deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust an amount sufficient for the purpose of paying and discharging the entire indebtedness on such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, for principal and interest to the date of such deposit (in the case of Securities which have become due and payable on or prior to the date of such deposit) or to the Stated Maturity or redemption date, as the case may be;
 

 
34

 

 
(b)           the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable hereunder by the Company; and
 
(c)           the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each meeting the applicable requirements of Sections 10.04 and 10.05 and each stating that all conditions precedent herein relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture have been complied with and the Trustee receives written demand from the Company to discharge.
 
Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, the obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section 7.07, and, if money shall have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to clause (a) of this Section, the provisions of Sections 2.04, 2.07, 2.08, 8.01 8.02 and 8.05 shall survive.
 
SECTION 8.02.  Application of Trust Funds; Indemnification.
 
(a)           Subject to the provisions of Section 8.05, all money deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 8.01, all money and U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 8.03 or 8.04 and all money received by the Trustee in respect of U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 8.03 or 8.04, shall be held in trust and applied by it, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the persons entitled thereto, of the principal and interest for whose payment such money has been deposited with or received by the Trustee or to make mandatory sinking fund payments or analogous payments as contemplated by Sections 8.03 or 8.04.
 
(b)           The Company shall pay and shall indemnify the Trustee and the Agents against any tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations deposited pursuant to Sections 8.03 or 8.04 or the interest and principal received in respect of such obligations other than any payable by or on behalf of Holders.
 
(c)           The Trustee shall, in accordance with the terms of this Indenture, deliver or pay to the Company from time to time, upon Company Request and at the expense of the Company any U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations or money held by it pursuant to this Indenture as provided in Sections 8.03 or 8.04 which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent certified public accountants, expressed in a written certification thereof and delivered to the Trustee together with such Company Request, are then in excess of the amount thereof which then would have been required to be deposited for the purpose for which such U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations or money were deposited or received.  This provision shall not authorize the sale by the Trustee of any U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations held under this Indenture.
 

 
35

 

SECTION 8.03.  Legal Defeasance of Securities of any Series.
 
Unless this Section 8.03 is otherwise specified, pursuant to Section 2.02(s), to be inapplicable to Securities of any Series, the Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness on all the outstanding Securities of such Series on the [   ] day after the date of the deposit referred to in subparagraph (d) hereof, and the provisions of this Indenture, as it relates to such outstanding Securities of such Series, shall no longer be in effect (and the Trustee, at the expense of the company, shall, at Company Request, execute proper instruments acknowledging the same), except as to:
 
(a)           the rights of Holders of Securities of such Series to receive, from the trust funds described in subparagraph (d) hereof, (i) payment of the principal of and each installment of principal of and interest on the outstanding Securities of such Series on the Stated Maturity of such principal or installment of principal or interest and (ii) the benefit of any mandatory sinking fund payments applicable to the Securities of such Series on the day on which such payments are due and payable in accordance with the terms of this Indenture and the Securities of such Series;
 
(b)           the provisions of Sections 2.04, 2.07, 2.08, 2.14, 8.02, 8.03 and 8.05; and
 
(c)           the rights, powers, trust and immunities of the Trustee hereunder; provided that, the following conditions shall have been satisfied:
 
(d)           the Company shall have deposited or caused to be deposited irrevocably with the Paying Agent as trust funds in trust for the purpose of making the following payments, specifically pledged as security for and dedicated solely to the benefit of the Holders of such Securities in the case of Securities of such Series denominated in Dollars, cash in Dollars (or such other money or currencies as shall then be legal tender in the United States) and/or U.S. Government Obligations, or (ii) in the case of Securities of such Series denominated in a Foreign Currency (other than a composite currency), money and/or Foreign Government Obligations, which through the payment of interest and principal in respect thereof, in accordance with their terms, will provide (and without reinvestment and assuming no tax liability will be imposed on such Paying Agent), not later than [   ] day before the due date of any payment of money, an amount in cash, sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee and the Paying Agent, to pay and discharge each installment of principal (including mandatory sinking fund or analogous payments) of and interest, if any, on all the Securities of such Series on the dates such installments of interest or principal are due;
 
(e)           such deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound;
 
(f)           no Default or Event of Default with respect to the Securities of such Series shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit or during the period ending on the [    ] day after such date;
 
(g)           the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that (i) the Company has received from, or there has
 

 
36

 

been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling, or (ii) since the date of execution of this Indenture, there has been a change in the applicable Federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such Opinion of Counsel shall confirm that, the Holders of the Securities of such Series will not recognize income, gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit, defeasance and discharge and will be subject to Federal income tax on the same amount and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such deposit, defeasance and discharge had not occurred;
 
(h)           the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate stating that the deposit was not made by the Company with the intent of preferring the Holders of the Securities of such Series over any other creditors of the company or with the intent of defeating, hindering, delaying or defrauding any other creditors of the Company;
 
(i)           such deposit shall not result in the trust arising from such deposit constituting an investment company (as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended), or such trust shall be qualified under such Act or exempt from regulation thereunder; and
 
(j)           the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent provided for relating to the defeasance contemplated by this Section have been complied with.
 
SECTION 8.04.  Covenant Defeasance.
 
Unless this Section 8.04 is otherwise specified pursuant to Section 2.02(s) to be inapplicable to Securities of any Series, on and after the [    ] day after the date of the deposit referred to in subparagraph (a) hereof, the Company may omit to comply with any term, provision or condition set forth under Sections 4.02, 4.03, 4.04, 4.05, 4.06, and 5.01 as well as any additional covenants contained in a supplemental indenture hereto for a particular Series of Securities or a Board Resolution or an Officers’ Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.02(s) (and the failure to comply with any such covenants shall not constitute a Default or Event of Default under Section 6.01) and the occurrence of any event described in clause (e) of Section 6.01 shall not constitute a Default or Event of Default hereunder, with respect to the Securities of such Series, provided that the following conditions shall have been satisfied:
 
(a)           With reference to this Section 8.04, the Company has deposited or caused to be irrevocably deposited (except as provided in Section 8.02(c)) with the Paying Agent as trust funds in trust, specifically pledged as security for, and dedicated solely to, the benefit of the Holders of such Securities (i) in the case of Securities of such Series denominated in Dollars, cash in Dollars (or such other money or currencies as shall then be legal tender in the United States) and/or U.S. Government Obligations, or (ii) in the case of Securities of such Series denominated in a Foreign Currency (other than a composite currency), money and/or Foreign Government Obligations, which through the payment of interest and principal in respect thereof, in accordance with their terms, will provide (and without reinvestment and assuming no tax liability will be imposed on such Paying Agent), not later than [   ] day before the due date of any payment of money, an amount in cash, sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent certified public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered
 

 
37

 

to the Paying Agent, to pay principal and interest, if any, on and any mandatory sinking fund in respect of the Securities of such Series on the dates such installments of interest or principal are due;
 
(b)           Such deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound;
 
(c)           No Default or Event of Default with respect to the Securities of such Series shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit or during the period ending on the [    ] day after such date;
 
(d)           the company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel confirming that Holders of the Securities of such Series will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit and defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such deposit and defeasance had not occurred;
 
(e)           the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate stating the deposit was not made by the Company with the intent of preferring the Holders of the Securities of such Series over any other creditors of the Company or with the intent of defeating, hindering, delaying or defrauding any other creditors of the Company; and
 
(f)           The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to the defeasance contemplated by this Section have been complied with.
 
SECTION 8.05.   Repayment to Company.
 
The Paying Agent shall pay to the Company upon request any money held by them for the payment of principal and interest that remains unclaimed for two years.  After that, Securityholders entitled to the money must look to the Company for payment as general creditors unless an applicable abandoned property law designates another person and all liability of the Paying Agent with respect to that money shall cease.
 

ARTICLE IX
 
AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS
 
SECTION 9.01.    Without Consent of Holders.
 
The Company and the Trustee may amend or supplement this Indenture or the Securities of one or more Series without the consent of any Securityholder:
 
(a)           to cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency;
 
(b)           to comply with Article V;
 

 
38

 

(c)           to provide for uncertificated Securities in addition to or in place of certificated Securities;
 
(d)           to make any change that does not adversely affect the rights of any Securityholder;
 
(e)           to provide for the issuance of and establish the form and terms and conditions of Securities of any Series as permitted by this Indenture;
 
(f)           to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more Series and to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee;
 
(g)           to comply with requirements of the TIA and any rules promulgated under the TIA; and
 
(h)           to add to the covenants of the Company for the equal and ratable benefit of the Holders or to surrender any right, power or option conferred upon the Company.
 
Any amendment or supplement made solely to conform the provisions of this Indenture or the Securities of any Series to the description thereof contained in the final prospectus relating to such Series will be deemed not to adversely affect the rights of any Holder.
 
SECTION 9.02.   With Consent of Holders.
 
The Company and the Trustee may enter into a supplemental indenture with the written consent of the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of all Series affected by such supplemental indenture, taken together as one class (including consents obtained in connection with a tender offer or exchange offer for the Securities of such Series), for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of any supplemental indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Securityholders of each such Series.  Except as provided in Section 6.13, the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of all Series affected by such waiver by notice to the Trustee, taken together as one class (including consents obtained in connection with a tender offer or exchange offer for the Securities of such Series) may waive compliance by the Company with any provision of this Indenture or the Securities with respect to such Series.
 
It shall not be necessary for the consent of the Holders of Securities under this Section 9.02 to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture or waiver, but it shall be sufficient if such consent approves the substance thereof.  After a supplemental indenture or waiver under this section becomes effective, the Company shall mail to the Holders of Securities affected thereby a notice briefly describing the supplemental indenture or waiver.  Any failure by the Company to mail or publish such notice, or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or affect the validity of any such supplemental indenture or waiver.
 

 
39

 

Section 9.03.  Limitations.
 
Without the consent of each Securityholder affected, an amendment or waiver may not:
 
(a)           change the amount of Securities whose Holders must consent to an amendment, supplement or waiver, except to increase any such amount or to provide that certain provisions of this Indenture cannot be modified, amended or waived without the consent of the Holder of each outstanding Security affected thereby;
 
(b)           reduce the amount of interest, or change the interest payment time, on any Security;
 
(c)           waive a redemption payment or alter the redemption provisions (other than any alteration that would not materially adversely affect the legal rights of any Holder under this Indenture) or the price at which the Company is required to offer to purchase the Securities;
 
(d)           reduce the principal or change the Stated Maturity of any Security or reduce the amount of, or postpone the date fixed for, the payment of any sinking fund or analogous obligation;
 
(e)           reduce the principal amount payable of any Security upon Maturity;
 
(f)           waive a Default or Event of Default in the payment of the principal of or interest, if any, on any Security (except a rescission of acceleration of the Securities of any Series by the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such Series and a waiver of the payment default that resulted from such acceleration);
 
(g)           change the place or currency of payment of principal of or interest, if any, on any Security other than that stated in the Security;
 
(h)           impair the right of any Holder to receive payment of principal or, or interest on, the Securities of such Holder on or after the due dates therefor;
 
(i)           impair the right to institute suit for the enforcement of any payment on, or with respect to, any Security;
 
(j)           make any change in Sections 10.15 or 10.16;
 
(k)           change the ranking of the Securities; or
 
(l)           make any other change which is specified in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers’ Certificate as a limitation under this Section.
 
SECTION 9.04.   Compliance with Trust Indenture Act.
 
Every amendment to this Indenture or the Securities of one or more Series shall be set forth in a supplemental indenture hereto that complies with the TIA as then in effect.
 

 
40

 

SECTION 9.05.   Revocation and Effect of Consents.
 
Until an amendment or waiver becomes effective, a consent to it by a Holder of a Security is a continuing consent by the Holder and every subsequent Holder of a Security or portion of a Security that evidences the same debt as the consenting Holder’s Security, even if notation of the consent is not made on any Security.  However, any such Holder or subsequent Holder may revoke the consent as to his Security or portion of a Security if the Trustee receives the notice of revocation before the date the amendment or waiver becomes effective.
 
Any amendment or waiver once effective shall bind every Securityholder of each Series affected by such amendment or waiver unless it is of the type described in any of clauses (a) through (g) of Section 9.03 in that case, the amendment or waiver shall bind each Holder of a Security who has consented to it and every subsequent Holder of a Security or portion of a Security that evidences the same debt as the consenting Holder’s Security.
 
SECTION 9.06.   Notation on or Exchange of Securities.
 
If an amendment, supplement or waiver changes the terms of a Security, the Trustee may require the Holder of the Security to deliver it to the Trustee and the Trustee may place an appropriate notation on the Security about the changed terms and return it to the Holder.  Alternatively, if the Company or the Trustee so determines, the Company shall issue and the Trustee shall authenticate upon request new Securities of that Series that reflect the changed terms.
 
SECTION 9.07.  Trustee Protected.
 
In executing, or accepting the additional trusts created by, any supplemental indenture permitted by this Article or the modifications thereby of the trusts created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to Section 7.01) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel or an Officer’s Certificate, or both stating that the execution of such supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by this Indenture.  The Trustee shall sign all supplemental indentures, except that the Trustee need not sign any supplemental indenture that adversely affects its rights, duties or indemnities.
 
SECTION 9.08.   Effect of Supplemental Indenture.
 
Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture under this Article, this Indenture shall be modified in accordance therewith, and each such supplemental indenture shall form part of this Indenture for all purposes with respect to the relevant Series; and every Holder of Securities of the relevant Series theretofore or thereafter authenticated and delivered hereunder shall be bound thereby.
 

 
41

 

ARTICLE X

MISCELLANEOUS
 
SECTION 10.01.   Trust Indenture Act Controls.
 
If any provision of this Indenture limits, qualifies, or conflicts with another provision which is required or deemed to be included in this Indenture by the TIA, such required or deemed provision shall control.
 
SECTION 10.02.   Notices.
 
Any notice or communication by the Company, the Trustee, the Paying Agent or the Registrar to another is duly given if in writing and delivered in person or mailed by first-class mail:
 
if to the Company:
 
Euroseas Ltd.
4 Messogiou & Evropis Street
151 25 Maroussi, Greece
+30 211 180 4005
 

if to the Trustee:
 
[                                ]
Attn: [                      ]
Fax: [                        ]
 
if to the Registrar or Paying Agent:
 
[                                ]
Attn: [                      ]
Fax: [                        ]

with copy to:

[                                ]
Attn: [                      ]
Fax: [                        ]

The Company, the Trustee and each Agent by notice to each other may designate additional or different addresses for subsequent notices or communications.
 

 
42

 

Any notice or communication to a Securityholder shall be mailed by first-class mail to his address shown on the register kept by the Registrar.  Failure to mail a notice or communication to a Securityholder of any Series or any defect in it shall not affect its sufficiency with respect to other Securityholders of that or any other Series.
 
If a notice or communication is mailed or published in the manner provided above, within the time prescribed, it is duly given, whether or not the Securityholder receives it.
 
If the company mails a notice or communication to Securityholders, it will mail a copy to the Trustee and each Agent at the same time.
 
Whenever a notice is required to be given by the Company, such notice may be given by the Trustee or Registrar on the Company’s behalf (and the Company will make any notice it is required to give to Holders available on its website).
 
SECTION 10.03.  Communication by Holders with Other Holders.
 
Securityholders of any Series may communicate pursuant to TIA Section 312(b) with other Securityholders of that Series or any other Series with respect to their rights under this Indenture or the Securities of that Series or all Series.  The Company, the Trustee, the Registrar and anyone else shall have the protection of TIA Section 312(c).
 
SECTION 10.04.   Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent.
 
Upon any request or application by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee:
 
(a)           an Officers’ Certificate stating that, in the opinion of the signers, all conditions precedent, if any, provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with; and
 
(b)           an Opinion of Counsel stating that, in the opinion of counsel, all such conditions precedent (including any covenants, compliance with which constitutes a condition precedent) have been complied with.
 
SECTION 10.05.  Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion.
 
Each certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture (other than a certificate provided pursuant to TIA Section 314(a)(4)) shall comply with the provisions of TIA Section 314(e) and shall include:
 
(a)           a statement that the person making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition;
 
(b)           a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation  upon which the statements or opinions  contained in such certificate or opinion are based;
 

 
43

 

(c)           a statement that, in the opinion of such person, he has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and
 
(d)           a statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such person, such condition or covenant has been complied with.
 
provided, however, that with respect to matters of fact an Opinion of Counsel may rely on an Officers’ Certificate or certificates of public officials.
 
SECTION 10.06.   Record Date for Vote or Consent of Holders.
 
The Company (or, in the event deposits have been made pursuant to Section 11.02, the Trustee) may set a record date for purposes of determining the identity of Holders entitled to vote or consent to any action by vote or consent authorized or permitted under this Indenture, which record date shall not be more than [  ] days prior to the date of the commencement of solicitation of such action.  Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 9.05, if a record date is fixed, those persons who were Holders of Securities at the close of business on such record date (or their duly designated proxies), and only those persons, shall be entitled to take such action by vote or consent or to revoke any vote or consent previously given, whether or not such persons continue to be Holders after such record date.
 
SECTION 10.07.   Rules by Trustee and Agents.
 
The Trustee may make reasonable rules for action by or a meeting of Securityholders of one or more Series.  Any Agent may make reasonable rules and set reasonable requirements for its functions.
 
SECTION 10.08.  Legal Holidays.
 
Unless otherwise provided by Board Resolution, Officers’ Certificate or supplemental indenture for a particular Series, a “Legal Holiday” is any day that is not a Business Day.  If a payment date is a Legal Holiday at a place of payment, payment may be made at that place on the next succeeding day that is not a Legal Holiday, and no interest shall accrue for the intervening period.
 
SECTION 10.09.  No Recourse Against Others.
 
A director, officer, employee or stockholder, as such, of the Company shall not have any liability for any obligations of the Company under the Securities or the Indenture or for any claim based on, in respect of or by reason of such obligations or their creation.  Each Securityholder by accepting a Security waives and releases all such liability.  The waiver and release are part of the consideration for the issue of the Securities.
 
SECTION 10.10.  Counterparts.
 

 
44

 

This Indenture may be executed in any number of counterparts and by the parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be an original and all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement.
 
SECTION 10.11.  Governing Laws and Submission to Jurisdiction.
 
THIS INDENTURE AND THE SECURITIES SHALL BE GOVERNED BY THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK EXCLUDING ANY RULE OF LAW THAT WOULD CAUSE THE APPLICATION OF THE LAWS OF ANY JURISDICTION OTHER THAN THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
 
The Company agrees that any legal suit, action or proceeding arising out of or based upon this Indenture may be instituted in any federal or state court sitting in New York City, and, to the fullest extent permitted by law, waives any objection which it may now or hereafter have to the laying of venue of any such proceeding, and irrevocably submits to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of such court in any suit, action or proceeding.  The Company, as long as any Securities remain outstanding or the parties hereto have any obligation under this Indenture, shall have an authorized agent in the United States upon whom process may be served in any such legal action or proceeding. Service of process upon such agent and written notice of such service mailed or delivered to it shall to the extent permitted by law be deemed in every respect effective service of process upon it in any such legal action or proceeding and, if it fails to maintain such agent, any such process or summons may be served by mailing a copy thereof by registered mail, or a form of mail substantially equivalent thereto, addressed to it at its address as provided for notices hereunder. The Company hereby appoints Seward & Kissel LLP, One Battery Park Plaza, New York, NY,  10004, as its agent for such purposes, and covenants and agrees that service of process in any legal action or proceeding may be made upon it at such office of such agent.

SECTION 10.12.   No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements.
 
This Indenture may not be used to interpret another indenture, loan or debt agreement of the Company or a Subsidiary.  Any such indenture, loan or debt agreement may not be used to interpret this Indenture.
 
SECTION 10.13.   Successors.
 
All agreements of the Company in this Indenture and the Securities shall bind its successor.  All agreements of the Trustee in this Indenture shall bind its successor.
 
SECTION 10.14.  Severability.
 
In case any provision in this Indenture or in the Securities shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.
 
SECTION 10.15.  Table of Contents, Headings, Etc.
 

 
45

 

The Table of Contents, Cross Reference Table, and headings of the Articles and Sections of this Indenture have been inserted for convenience of reference only, are not to be considered a part hereof, and shall in no way modify or restrict any of the terms or provisions hereof.
 
SECTION 10.16.  Securities in a Foreign Currency or in ECU.
 
Unless otherwise specified in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers’ Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.02 of this Indenture with respect to a particular Series of Securities, whenever for purposes of this Indenture any action may be taken by the Holders of a specified percentage in aggregate principal amount of Securities of all Series or all Series affected by a particular action at the time outstanding and, at such time, there are outstanding Securities of any Series which are denominated in a coin or currency other than Dollars (including ECUs), then the principal amount of Securities of such Series which shall be deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of taking such action shall be that amount of Dollars that could be obtained for such amount at the Market Exchange Rate at such time.  For purposes of this Section 10.16, “Market Exchange Rate” shall mean the noon Dollar buying rate in New York City for cable transfers of that currency as published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York; provided, however, in the case of ECUs, Market Exchange Rate shall mean the rate of exchange determined by the Commission of the European Union (or any successor thereto) as published in the Official Journal of the European Union (such publication or any successor publication, the “Journal”).  If such Market Exchange Rate is not available for any reason with respect to such currency, the Trustee shall use, without liability on its part, such quotation of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York or, in the case of ECUs, the rate of exchange as published in the Journal, as of the most recent available date, or quotations or, in the case of ECUs, rates of exchange from one or more major banks in The City of New York or in the country of issue of the currency in question or, in the case of ECUs, in Luxembourg or such other quotations or, in the case of ECUs, rates of exchange as the Trustee, upon consultation with the Company, shall deem appropriate.  The provisions of this paragraph shall apply in determining the equivalent principal amount in respect of Securities of a Series denominated in currency other than Dollars in connection with any action taken by Holders of Securities pursuant to the terms of this Indenture.
 
All decisions and determinations of the Trustee regarding the Market Exchange Rate or any alternative determination provided for in the preceding paragraph shall be in its sole discretion and shall, in the absence of manifest error, be conclusive to the extent permitted by law for all purposes and irrevocably binding upon the Company and all Holders.
 
SECTION 10.17.  Judgment Currency.
 
The Company agrees, to the fullest extent that it may effectively do so under applicable law, that (a) if for the purpose of obtaining judgment in any court it is necessary to convert the sum due in respect of the principal of or interest or other amount on the Securities of any Series (the “Required Currency”) into a currency in which a judgment will be rendered (the “Judgment Currency”), the rate of exchange used shall be the rate at which in accordance with normal banking procedures the Trustee could purchase in The City of New York the Required Currency with the Judgment Currency on the day on which final unappealable judgment is
 

 
46

 

entered, unless such day is not a New York Banking Day, then, the rate of exchange used shall be the rate at which in accordance with normal banking procedures the Trustee could purchase in The City of New York the Required Currency with the Judgment Currency on the New York Banking Day preceding the day on which final unappealable judgment is entered and (b) its obligations under this Indenture to make payments in the Required Currency (i) shall not be discharged or satisfied by any tender, any recovery pursuant to any judgment (whether or not entered in accordance with subsection (a)), in any currency other than the Required Currency, except to the extent that such tender or recovery shall result in the actual receipt, by the payee, of the full amount of the Required Currency expressed to be payable in respect of such payments, (ii) shall be enforceable as an alternative or additional cause of action for the purpose of recovering in the Required Currency the amount, if any, by which such actual receipt shall fall short of the full amount of the Required Currency so expressed to be payable, and (iii) shall not be affected by judgment being obtained for any other sum due under this Indenture.  For purposes of the foregoing, “New York Banking Day” means any day except a Saturday, Sunday or a legal holiday in The City of New York on which banking institutions are authorized or required by law, regulation or executive order to close.
 
SECTION 10.18. Compliance with Applicable Anti-Terrorism and Money Laundering Regulations.
 
In order to comply with the laws, rules, regulations and executive orders in effect from time to time applicable to banking institutions, including those relating to the funding of terrorist activities and money laundering (“Applicable Law”), the Trustee is required to obtain, verify and record certain information relating to individuals and entities which maintain a business relationship with the Trustee.  Accordingly, each of the parties agree to provide to the Trustee, upon its request from time to time such identifying information and documentation as may be available for such party in order to enable the Trustee to comply with the Applicable Law.
 
ARTICLE XI
 
SINKING FUNDS
 
SECTION 11.01.  Applicability of Article.
 
The provisions of this Article shall be applicable to any sinking fund for the retirement of the Securities of a Series, except as otherwise permitted or required by any form of Security of such Series issued pursuant to this Indenture.
 
The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the terms of the Securities of any Series is herein referred to as a “mandatory sinking fund payment” and any other amount provided for by the terms of Securities of such Series is herein referred to as an “optional sinking fund payment.” If provided for by the terms of Securities of any Series, the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as provided in Section 11.02.  Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the redemption of Securities of any Series as provided for by the terms of the securities of such Series.
 

 
47

 

SECTION 11.02.  Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities.
 
The Company may, in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund payment with respect to the Securities of any Series to be made pursuant to the terms of such Securities (1) deliver outstanding Securities of such Series to which such sinking fund payment is applicable (other than any of such Securities previously called for mandatory sinking fund redemption) and (2) apply as credit Securities of such Series to which such sinking fund payment is applicable and which have been redeemed either at the election of the Company pursuant to the terms of such Series of Securities (except pursuant to any mandatory sinking fund) or through the application of permitted optional sinking fund payments or other optional redemptions pursuant to the terms of such Securities, provided that such Securities have not been previously so credited.  Such Securities shall be received by the Registrar, together with an Officers’ Certificate with respect thereto, not later than [  ] days prior to the date on which the Registrar begins the process of selecting Securities for redemption, and shall be credited for such purpose by the Registrar at the price specified in such Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced accordingly.  If as a result of the delivery or credit of Securities in lieu of cash payments pursuant to this Section 11.02, the principal amount of Securities of such Series to be redeemed in order to exhaust the aforesaid cash payment shall be less than $[], the Registrar need not call Securities of such Series for redemption, except upon receipt of a Company Order that such action be taken, and such cash payment shall be held by the Paying Agent and applied to the next succeeding sinking fund payment, provided, however, that the Paying Agent shall from time to time upon receipt of a Company Order pay over and deliver to the Company any cash payment so being held by the Paying Agent upon delivery by the Company to the Registrar of Securities of that Series purchased by the Company having an unpaid principal amount equal to the cash payment required to be released to the Company.
 
SECTION 11.03.   Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund.
 
Not less than [  ] days (unless otherwise indicated in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officers’ Certificate in respect of a particular Series of Securities) prior to each sinking fund payment date for any Series of Securities, the Company will deliver to the Trustee and the Paying Agent an Officers’ Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment for that Series pursuant to the terms of that Series, the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by payment of cash and the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting of Securities of that Series pursuant to Section 11.02., and the optional amount, if any, to be added in cash to the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment, and the Company shall thereupon be obligated to pay the amount therein specified.  Not less than [  ] days (unless otherwise indicated in the Board Resolution, Officers’ Certificate or supplemental indenture in respect of a particular Series of Securities) before each such sinking fund payment date the Trustee shall select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date in the manner specified in Section 3.02 and cause notice of the redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided in Section 3.03.  Such notice having been duly given, the redemption of such Securities shall stated in Sections 3.04, 3.05 and 3.06.
 
[The remainder of this page is intentionally left blank]
 

 
48

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly executed as of the day and year first above written.
 




EUROSEAS LTD.


By:__________________________

Name:
Its:


[                      ]
as Trustee

By:__________________________

Name:
Its:


By:__________________________

Name:
Its:


[                      ]
as Registrar and Paying Agent


By:__________________________

Name:
Its:


By:__________________________

Name:
Its:
 
 
 

 
49
 
 

EX-4.7 3 d1207073_ex4-7.htm d1207073_ex4-7.htm

 EXHIBIT 4.7



 
   
   
   
 



EUROSEAS LTD.

FORM OF

SUBORDINATED INDENTURE

Dated as of [                                ], 20[ ]




[                      ]

Trustee


 
   
   
   
 



 
 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
 

ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
1
SECTION 1.01.
Definitions.
1
SECTION 1.02.
Other Definitions.
5
SECTION 1.03.
Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act.
5
SECTION 1.04.
Rules of Construction.
6
ARTICLE II THE SECURITIES
6
SECTION 2.01.
Issuable in Series.
6
SECTION 2.02.
Establishment of Terms of Series of Securities.
7
SECTION 2.03.
Execution and Authentication.
9
SECTION 2.04.
Registrar and Paying Agent.
10
SECTION 2.05.
Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust.
10
SECTION 2.06.
Securityholder Lists.
11
SECTION 2.07.
Transfer and Exchange.
11
SECTION 2.08.
Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities.
12
SECTION 2.09.
Outstanding Securities.
12
SECTION 2.10.
Treasury Securities.
13
SECTION 2.11.
Temporary Securities.
13
SECTION 2.12.
Cancellation.
13
SECTION 2.13.
Defaulted Interest.
14
SECTION 2.14.
Global Securities.
14
SECTION 2.15.
CUSIP Numbers.
16
ARTICLE III REDEMPTION
16
SECTION 3.01.
Notice to Trustee.
16
SECTION 3.02.
Selection of Securities to be Redeemed.
16
SECTION 3.03.
Notice of Redemption.
17
SECTION 3.04.
Effect of Notice of Redemption.
17
SECTION 3.05.
Deposit of Redemption Price.
18
SECTION 3.06.
Securities Redeemed in Part.
18

 
 

 


ARTICLE IV COVENANTS
18
SECTION 4.01.
Payment of Principal and Interest.
18
SECTION 4.02.
SEC Reports.
18
SECTION 4.03.
Compliance Certificate.
19
SECTION 4.04.
Stay, Extension and Usury Laws.
20
SECTION 4.05.
Corporate Existence.
20
SECTION 4.06.
Taxes.
20
SECTION 4.07.
Additional Interest Notice.
20
SECTION 4.08.
Further Instruments and Acts.
20
ARTICLE V SUCCESSORS
21
SECTION 5.01.
When Company May Merge, Etc.
21
SECTION 5.02.
Successor Corporation Substituted.
21
ARTICLE VI DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES
21
SECTION 6.01.
Events of Default.
21
SECTION 6.02.
Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment.
23
SECTION 6.03.
Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee.
25
SECTION 6.04.
Trustee May File Proofs of Claim.
25
SECTION 6.05.
Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities.
26
SECTION 6.06.
Application of Money Collected.
26
SECTION 6.07.
Limitation on Suits.
26
SECTION 6.08.
Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal and Interest.
27
SECTION 6.09.
Restoration of Rights and Remedies.
27
SECTION 6.10.
Rights and Remedies Cumulative.
27
SECTION 6.11.
Delay or Omission Not Waiver.
27
SECTION 6.12.
Control by Holders.
28
SECTION 6.13.
Waiver of Past Defaults.
28
SECTION 6.14.
Undertaking for Costs.
28
ARTICLE VII TRUSTEE
29
SECTION 7.01.
Duties of Trustee.
29
SECTION 7.02.
Rights of Trustee.
30

 
 

 


SECTION 7.03.
Individual Rights of Trustee.
31
SECTION 7.04.
Trustee's Disclaimer.
31
SECTION 7.05.
Notice of Defaults.
31
SECTION 7.06.
Reports by Trustee to Holders.
31
SECTION 7.07.
Compensation and Indemnity.
32
SECTION 7.08.
Replacement of Trustee.
32
SECTION 7.09.
Successor Trustee by Merger, etc.
33
SECTION 7.10.
Eligibility; Disqualification.
33
SECTION 7.11.
Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company.
34
ARTICLE VIII SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE; DEFEASANCE
34
SECTION 8.01.
Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture.
34
SECTION 8.02.
Application of Trust Funds; Indemnification.
35
SECTION 8.03.
Legal Defeasance of Securities of any Series.
36
SECTION 8.04.
Covenant Defeasance.
37
SECTION 8.05.
Repayment to Company.
38
ARTICLE IX AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS
38
SECTION 9.01.
Without Consent of Holders.
38
SECTION 9.02.
With Consent of Holders.
39
SECTION 9.03.
Limitations.
40
SECTION 9.04.
Compliance with Trust Indenture Act.
40
SECTION 9.05.
Revocation and Effect of Consents.
41
SECTION 9.06.
Notation on or Exchange of Securities.
41
SECTION 9.07.
Trustee Protected.
41
SECTION 9.08.
Effect of Supplemental Indenture.
41
ARTICLE X MISCELLANEOUS
42
SECTION 10.01.
Trust Indenture Act Controls.
42
SECTION 10.02.
Notices.
42
SECTION 10.03.
Communication by Holders with Other Holders.
43
SECTION 10.04.
Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent.
43
SECTION 10.05.
Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion.
43

 
 

 


SECTION 10.06.
Record Date for Vote or Consent of Holders.
44
SECTION 10.07.
Rules by Trustee and Agents.
44
SECTION 10.08.
Legal Holidays.
44
SECTION 10.09.
No Recourse Against Others.
44
SECTION 10.10.
Counterparts.
44
SECTION 10.11.
Governing Laws and Submission to Jurisdiction.
45
SECTION 10.12.
No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements.
45
SECTION 10.13.
Successors.
45
SECTION 10.14.
Severability.
45
SECTION 10.15.
Table of Contents, Headings, Etc.
45
SECTION 10.16.
Securities in a Foreign Currency or in ECU.
46
SECTION 10.17.
Judgment Currency.
46
SECTION 10.18.
Compliance with Applicable Anti-Terrorism and Money Laundering Regulations.
47
ARTICLE XI SINKING FUNDS
47
SECTION 11.01.
Applicability of Article.
47
SECTION 11.02.
Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities.
48
SECTION 11.03.
Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund.
48





 
 

 

Reconciliation and tie between Trust Indenture Act of 1939 and Indenture,
Dated as of [                                ], 20[  ]
 
Section 310(a)(1)
7.10
(a)(2)
7.10
(a)(3)
Not Applicable
(a)(4)
Not Applicable
(a)(5)
7.10
(b)
7.10
(c)
Not Applicable
Section 311(a)
7.11
(b)
7.11
(c)
Not Applicable
Section 312(a)
2.06
(b)
10.03
(c)
10.03
Section 313(a)
7.06
(b)(1)
7.06
(b)(2)
7.06
(c)(1)
7.06
(d)
7.06
Section 314(a)
4.02, 10.05
(b)
Not Applicable
(c)(1)
10.04
(c)(2)
10.04
(c)(3)
Not Applicable
(d)
Not Applicable
(e)
10.05
(f)
Not Applicable
Section 315(a)
7.01
(b)
7.05
(c)
7.01
(d)
7.01
(e)
6.14
Section 316(a)(1)(A)
6.12
(a)(1)(B)
6.13
(a)(2)
Not Applicable
(b)
6.13
(c)
10.06
Section 317(a)(1)
6.03
(a)(2)
6.04
(b)
2.05
Section 318(a)
10.01
 
Note:  This reconciliation and tie shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be part of the Indenture.

 
 

 

Indenture dated as of [                                                      ], 20[ ] between Euroseas Ltd., a company organized under the laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands (the "Company") and [] (the "Trustee").
 
Each party agrees as follows for the benefit of the other party and for the equal and ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities issued under this Indenture.
 
ARTICLE I
 
DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
 
SECTION 1.01.           Definitions.
 
"Additional Amounts" means any additional amounts which are required hereby or by any Security, under circumstances specified herein or therein, to be paid by the Company in respect of certain taxes imposed on Holders specified therein and which are owing to such Holders.
 
"Affiliate" of any specified person means any other person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with such specified person.  For the purposes of this definition, "control" (including, with correlative meanings, the terms "controlled by" and "under common control with"), as used with respect to any person, shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of such person, whether through the ownership of voting securities or by agreement or otherwise.
 
"Agent" means any Registrar or Paying Agent.
 
"Bankruptcy Law" means Title 11 of the United States Code (or any successor thereto) or any similar federal or state law for the relief of debtors.
 
"Board of Directors" means the board of directors of the Company or any duly authorized committee thereof.
 
"Board Resolution" means a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been adopted by the Board of Directors or pursuant to authorization by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of the certificate and delivered to the Trustee.
 
"Business Day" means any day other than a (x) Saturday, (y) Sunday or (z) day on which state or federally chartered banking institutions in New York, New York are not required to be open.
 
"Capital Stock" of any Person means any and all shares, interests, rights to purchase, warrants, options, participations or other equivalents of or interests in (however designated) equity of such Person, but excluding any debt securities convertible into such equity.
 
 
 
 
1

 
 
 
 
"Certificated Securities" means Securities in the form of physical, certificated Securities in registered form.
 
"Company" means the party named as such above until a successor replaces it in accordance with the terms of this Indenture and thereafter means the successor.
 
"Company Order" means a written order signed in the name of the Company by two Officers, one of whom must be the Company's principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer.
 
"Company Request" means a written request signed in the name of the Company by its Chairman of the Board, a President or a Vice President, and by its Chief Financial Officer, its Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, and delivered to the Trustee.
 
"Corporate Trust Office" means the office of the Trustee at which at any particular time its corporate trust business shall be principally administered which office at the date of the execution of this Indenture is [ ], Attention: [ ], or at such other address as the Trustee may designate from time to time.
 
"Custodian" means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator, sequestrator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.
 
"Default" or "default" means any event which is, or after notice or passage of time or both would be, an Event of Default.
 
"Default Rate" means the default rate of interest specified in the Securities.
 
"Depository" means, with respect to the Securities of any Series issuable or issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities, the person designated as Depository for such Series by the Company, which Depository shall be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act; and if at any time there is more than one such person, "Depository" as used with respect to the Securities of any Series shall mean the Depository with respect to the Securities of such Series.
 
"Discount Security" means any Security that provides for an amount less than the stated principal amount thereof to be due and payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.02.
 
"Dollars" means the currency of The United States of America.
 
"ECU" means the European Currency Unit as determined by the Commission of the European Union.
 
"Exchange Act" means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
 
"Foreign Currency" means any currency or currency unit issued by a government other than the government of The United States of America.
 

 
2

 


 
"Foreign Government Obligations" means with respect to Securities of any Series that are denominated in a Foreign Currency, (i) direct obligations of the government that issued or caused to be issued such currency for the payment of which obligations its full faith and credit is pledged or (ii) obligations of a person controlled or supervised by or acting as an agency or instrumentality of such government the timely payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by such government, which, in either case under clauses (i) or (ii), are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof.
 
"Global Security" or "Global Securities" means a Security or Securities, as the case may be, in the form established pursuant to Section 2.02 evidencing all or part of a Series of Securities, issued to the Depository for such Series or its nominee, and registered in the name of such Depository or nominee.
 
"Holder" or "Securityholder" means a person in whose name a Security is registered.
 
"Indenture" means this Indenture as amended and supplemented from time to time and shall include the form and terms of particular Series of Securities established as contemplated hereunder.
 
"Interest," in respect of the Securities, unless the context otherwise requires, refers to interest payable on the Securities, including any additional interest that may become payable pursuant to Section 6.02(b).
 
"Maturity," when used with respect to any Security or installment of principal thereof, means the date on which the principal of such Security or such installment of principal becomes due and payable as therein or herein provided, whether at the Stated Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, call for redemption, notice of option to elect repayment or otherwise.
 
"Officer" means the Chairman of the Board, the President, any Vice-President, the Treasurer, the Secretary, any Assistant Treasurer or any Assistant Secretary of the Company.
 
"Officers' Certificate" means a certificate signed by two Officers, one of whom must be the Company's principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer.
 
"Opinion of Counsel" means a written opinion of legal counsel who is, and which opinion is, acceptable to the Trustee and its counsel.  Such legal counsel may be an employee of or counsel to the Company or the Trustee.
 
"Person" means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, association, limited liability company, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.
 
"Principal" or "principal" of a Security means the principal of the Security plus, when appropriate, the premium, if any, on, and any Additional Amounts in respect of, the Security.
 

 
3

 


 
"Responsible Officer" means any officer of the Trustee in its Corporate Trust Office and also means, any vice president, managing director, director, associate, assistant vice president, or any other officer of the Trustee customarily performing functions similar to those performed by any of the above designated officers and also, with respect to a particular corporate trust matter, any other officer to whom any corporate trust matter is referred because of his or her knowledge of and familiarity with a particular subject.
 
"SEC" means the Securities and Exchange Commission.
 
"Security" or "Securities" means the debentures, notes or other debt instruments of the Company of any Series authenticated and delivered under this Indenture.
 
"Series" or "Series of Securities" means each series of debentures, notes or other debt instruments of the Company created pursuant to Sections 2.01 and 2.02 hereof.
 
"Stated Maturity" when used with respect to any Security or any installment of principal thereof or interest thereon, means the date specified in such Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or such installment of principal or interest is due and payable.
 
"Subordinated Indebtedness" means any indebtedness which is expressly subordinated to the indebtedness evidenced by Securities.
 
"Subsidiary" means, in respect of any Person, any corporation, association, partnership or other business entity of which more than 50% of the total voting power of shares of Capital Stock or other interests (including partnership interests) entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors, managers, general partners or trustees thereof is at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by (i) such Person; (ii) such Person and one or more Subsidiaries of such Person; or (iii) one or more Subsidiaries of such Person.
 
"TIA" means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (15 U.S. Code Sections 77aaa-77bbbb) as in effect on the date of this Indenture; provided, however, that in the event the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 is amended after such date, "TIA" means, to the extent required by any such amendment, the Trust Indenture Act as so amended.
 
"Trustee" means the person named as the "Trustee" in the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor Trustee shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter "Trustee" shall mean or include each person who is then a Trustee hereunder, and if at any time there is more than one such person, "Trustee" as used with respect to the Securities of any Series shall mean the Trustee with respect to Securities of that Series.
 
"U.S. Government Obligations" means securities which are (i) direct obligations of The United States of America for the payment of which its full faith and credit is pledged or (ii) obligations of a person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of The United States of America the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by The United States of America, and which in the case of (i) and (ii)
 

 
4

 

are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof, and shall also include a depository receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect to any such U.S. Government Obligation or a specific payment of interest on or principal of any such U.S. Government Obligation held by such custodian for the account of the holder of a depository receipt, provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depository receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the U.S. Government Obligation evidenced by such depository receipt.
 
SECTION 1.02.           Other Definitions.
 
 
TERM
 
DEFINED IN SECTION
 
"Applicable Law"
    10.18  
"Event of Default"
    6.01  
"Instrument"
    6.01  
"Journal"
    10.16  
"Judgment Currency"
    10.17  
"Legal Holiday"
    10.08  
"mandatory sinking fund payment"
    11.01  
"Market Exchange Rate"
    10.16  
"New York Banking Day"
    10.17  
"optional sinking fund payment"
    11.01  
"Paying Agent"
    2.04  
"Registrar"
    2.04  
"Required Currency"
    10.17  
"successor person"
    5.01  
"Temporary Securities"
    2.11  
 
SECTION 1.03.           Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act.
 
Whenever this Indenture refers to a provision of the TIA, the provision is incorporated by reference in and made a part of this Indenture.  This Indenture shall also include those provisions of the TIA required to be included herein by the provisions of the Trust Indenture Reform Act of 1990.  The following TIA terms used in this Indenture have the following meanings:
 
"indenture securities" means the Securities.
 
"indenture security holder" means a Securityholder.
 
"indenture to be qualified" means this Indenture.
 
"indenture trustee" or "institutional trustee" means the Trustee.
 
"obligor" on the indenture securities means the Company and any successor obligor upon the Securities.
 

 
5

 


 
All other terms used in this Indenture that are defined by the TIA, defined by TIA reference to another statute or defined by SEC rule under the TIA and not otherwise defined herein are used herein as so defined.
 
SECTION 1.04.           Rules of Construction.
 
Unless the context otherwise requires:
 
(a)           a term has the meaning assigned to it;
 
(b)           an accounting term not otherwise defined has the meaning assigned to it in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
(c)           references to "generally accepted accounting principles" shall mean generally accepted accounting principles in effect as of the time when and for the period as to which such accounting principles are to be applied;
 
(d)           "or" is not exclusive;
 
(e)           words in the singular include the plural, and in the plural include the singular;
 
(f)           provisions apply to successive events and transactions;
 
(g)           references to agreements and other instruments include subsequent amendments thereto;
 
(h)           the term "merger" includes a statutory share exchange, and the term "merged" has a correlative meaning; and
 
(i)           "herein," "hereof" and other words of similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section or other subdivision.
 
ARTICLE II
 
THE SECURITIES
 
SECTION 2.01.           Issuable in Series.
 
The aggregate principal amount of Securities that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited.  The Securities may be issued in one or more Series.  All Securities of a Series shall be identical except as may be set forth in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture or an Officers' Certificate detailing the adoption of the terms thereof pursuant to the authority granted under a Board Resolution.  In the case of Securities of a Series to be issued from time to time, the Board Resolution, Officers' Certificate or supplemental indenture may provide for the method by which specified terms (such as interest rate, maturity date, record date or date from which interest shall accrue) are to be determined.  Securities may
 

 
6

 

differ between Series in respect of any matters, provided that all Series of Securities shall be equally and ratably entitled to the benefits of the Indenture.
 
SECTION 2.02.           Establishment of Terms of Series of Securities.
 
At or prior to the issuance of any Securities within a Series, the following shall be established (as to the Series generally, in the case of Subsection (a), and either as to such Securities within the Series or as to the Series generally in the case of Subsections (b) through (t) by a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture or an Officers' Certificate pursuant to authority granted under a Board Resolution:
 
(a)           the title, designation, aggregate principal amount and authorized denominations of the Securities of the Series;
 
(b)           the price or prices, (expressed as a percentage of the aggregate principal amount thereof) at which the Securities of the Series will be issued;
 
(c)           the date or dates on which the principal of the Securities of the Series is payable;
 
(d)           the rate or rates (which may be fixed or variable) per annum or, if applicable, the method used to determine such rate or rates (including, but not limited to, any commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index) at which the Securities of the Series shall bear interest, if any, the date or dates from which such interest, if any, shall commence and be payable and any regular record date for the interest payable on any interest payment date;
 
(e)           any optional or mandatory sinking fund provisions or conversion or exchangeability provisions upon which Securities of the Series shall be redeemed, purchased, converted or exchanged;
 
(f)           the date, if any, after which and the price or prices at which the Securities of the Series may be optionally redeemed or must be mandatorily redeemed and any other terms and provisions of optional or mandatory provisions;
 
(g)           if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof, the denominations in which the Securities of the Series shall be issuable;
 
(h)           if other than the full principal amount, the portion of the principal amount of the Securities of the Series that shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration pursuant to Section 6.02 or provable in bankruptcy;
 
(i)           any addition to or change in the Events of Default which applies to any Securities of the Series and any change in the right of the Trustee or the requisite Holders of such Securities to declare the principal amount thereof due and payable pursuant to Section 6.02;
 

 
7

 


 
(j)           the currency or currencies, including composite currencies, in which payments of principal of, premium or interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series will be payable, if other than the currency of the United States of America;
 
(k)           if payments of principal of, premium or interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series will be payable, at the Company's election or at the election of any Holder, in a currency other than that in which the Securities of the Series are stated to be payable, the period or periods within which, and the terms and conditions upon which, the election may be made;
 
(l)           if payments of interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series will be payable, at the Company's election or at the election of any Holder, in cash or additional securities, and the terms and conditions upon which the election may be made;
 
(m)           if denominated in a currency or currencies other than the currency of the United States of America, the equivalent price of the Securities of the Series in the currency of the United States of America for purposes of determining the voting rights of Holders of the Securities of the Series;
 
(n)           if the amount of payments of principal, premium or interest may be determined with reference to an index, formula or other method based on a coin or currency other than that in which the Securities of the Series are stated to be payable, the manner in which the amounts will be determined;
 
(o)           any restrictive covenants or other material terms relating to the Securities of the Series;
 
(p)           whether the Securities of the Series will be issued in the form of global securities or certificates in registered form;
 
(q)           any terms with respect to subordination;
 
(r)           any listing on any securities exchange or quotation system;
 
(s)           additional provisions, if any, related to defeasance and discharge of the offered debt securities; and
 
(t)           the applicability of any guarantees, which would be governed by New York law.
 
All Securities of any one Series need not be issued at the same time and may be issued from time to time, consistent with the terms of this Indenture, if so provided by or pursuant to the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture or Officers' Certificate referred to above, and the authorized principal amount of any Series may not be increased to provide for issuance of additional Securities of such Series, unless otherwise provided in such Board Resolution, supplemental Indenture or Officers' Certificate.
 

 
8

 


 
SECTION 2.03.           Execution and Authentication.
 
Two Officers shall sign the Securities for the Company by manual or facsimile signature.
 
If an Officer whose signature is on a Security no longer holds that office at the time the Security is authenticated, the Security shall nevertheless be valid.
 
A Security shall not be valid until authenticated by the manual signature of the Trustee or an authenticating agent.  The signature shall be conclusive evidence that the Security has been authenticated under this Indenture.
 
The Trustee shall at any time, and from time to time, authenticate Securities for original issue in the principal amount provided in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officers' Certificate, upon receipt by the Trustee of a Company Order.  Such Company Order may authorize authentication and delivery pursuant to oral or electronic instructions from the Company or its duly authorized agent or agents, which oral instructions shall be promptly confirmed in writing.  Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication unless otherwise provided by a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers' Certificate.
 
The aggregate principal amount of Securities of any Series outstanding at any time may not exceed any limit upon the maximum principal amount for such Series set forth in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officers' Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.02, except as provided in Section 2.08.
 
Prior to the issuance of Securities of any Series, the Trustee shall have received and (subject to Section 7.02) shall be fully protected in relying on: (a) the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officers Certificate establishing the form of the Securities of that Series or of Securities within that Series and the terms of the Securities of that Series or of Securities within that Series, (b) an Officers' Certificate complying with Section 10.04, and (c) an Opinion of Counsel complying with Section 10.04.
 
The Trustee shall have the right to decline to authenticate and deliver any Securities of such Series: (a) if the Trustee, being advised by counsel, determines that such action may not lawfully be taken; or (b) if a Responsible Officer of the Trustee in good faith shall determine that such action would expose the Trustee to personal liability to Holders of any then outstanding Series of Securities.
 
The Trustee may appoint an authenticating agent acceptable to the Company to authenticate Securities.  An authenticating agent may authenticate Securities whenever the Trustee may do so.  Each reference in this Indenture to authentication by the Trustee includes authentication by such agent.  An authenticating agent has the same rights as an Agent to deal with the Company or an Affiliate.
 
If any successor that has replaced the Company in accordance with Article 5 has executed an indenture supplemental hereto with the Trustee pursuant to Section 5.01, any of the Securities authenticated or delivered prior to such transaction may, from time to time, at the request of such successor, be exchanged for other Securities executed in the name of the such
 

 
9

 

successor with such changes in phraseology and form as may be appropriate, but otherwise identical to the Securities surrendered for such exchange and of like principal amount; and the Trustee, upon receipt of a Company Order of such successor, shall authenticate and deliver Securities as specified in such order for the purpose of such exchange.  If Securities shall at any time be authenticated and delivered in any new name of such successor pursuant to this provision of Section 2.03 in exchange or substitution for or upon registration of transfer of any Securities, such successor, at the option of the Holders but without expense to them, shall provide for the exchange of all Securities then outstanding for Securities authenticated and delivered in such new name.
 
SECTION 2.04.           Registrar and Paying Agent.
 
The Company shall maintain, with respect to each Series of Securities, at the place or places specified with respect to such Series pursuant to Section 2.02, an office or agency where Securities of such Series may be presented or surrendered for payment ("Paying Agent") and where Securities of such Series may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange ("Registrar").  The Registrar shall keep a register with respect to each Series of Securities and to their transfer and exchange.  The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the name and address, and any change in the name or address, of each Registrar and Paying Agent.  If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required Registrar or Paying Agent or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the name and address thereof, such presentations and surrenders may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all such presentations and surrenders.
 
The Company may also from time to time designate one or more co-registrars or additional paying agents and may from time to time rescind such designations; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligations to maintain a Registrar or Paying Agent in each place so specified pursuant to Section 2.02 for Securities of any Series for such purposes.  The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation or rescission and of any change in the name or address of any such co-registrar or additional paying agent.  The term "Registrar" includes any co-registrar; and the term "Paying Agent" includes any additional paying agent.
 
The Company hereby appoints [                                                                ] as the initial Registrar and Paying Agent for each Series unless another Registrar or Paying Agent as the case may be, is appointed prior to the time Securities of that Series are first issued.  Each Registrar and Paying Agent shall be entitled to all of the rights, protections, exculpations and indemnities afforded to the Trustee in connection with its roles as Registrar and Paying Agent.
 
SECTION 2.05.           Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust.
 
The Company shall require each Paying Agent other than the Trustee to agree in writing that the Paying Agent will hold in trust, for the benefit of Securityholders of any Series of Securities, or the Trustee, all money held by the Paying Agent for the payment of principal of or interest on the Series of Securities, and will notify the Trustee of any default by the Company in making any such payment.  While any such default continues, the Trustee may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee.  The Company at any time may require
 

 
10

 

a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee.  Upon payment over to the Trustee, the Paying Agent (if other than the Company or a Subsidiary) shall have no further liability for the money.  If the Company or a Subsidiary acts as Paying Agent, it shall segregate and hold in a separate trust fund for the benefit of Securityholders of any Series of Securities all money held by it as Paying Agent.
 
SECTION 2.06.           Securityholder Lists.
 
The Trustee shall preserve in as current a form as is reasonably practicable the most recent list available to it of the names and addresses of Securityholders of each Series of Securities and shall otherwise comply with TIA Section 312(a).  If the Trustee is not the Registrar, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee at least [  ] days before each interest payment date and at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing a list, in such form and as of such date as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of Securityholders of each Series of Securities.
 
SECTION 2.07.           Transfer and Exchange.
 
Where Securities of a Series are presented to the Registrar or a co-registrar with a request to register a transfer or to exchange them for an equal principal amount of Securities of the same Series, the Registrar shall register the transfer or make the exchange if its requirements for such transactions are met.  To permit registrations of transfers and exchanges, the Trustee shall authenticate Securities at the Registrar's request.  Any exchange or transfer shall be without charge, except that the Company or the Registrar may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge required by law; provided that this sentence shall not apply to any exchange pursuant to Section 2.11, 2.08, 3.06 or 9.06.
 
Neither the Company nor the Registrar shall be required (a) to issue, register the transfer of, or exchange Securities of any Series for the period beginning at the opening of business [  ] days immediately preceding the mailing of a notice of redemption of Securities of that Series selected for redemption and ending at the close of business on the day of such mailing, or (b) to register the transfer of or exchange Securities of any Series selected, called or being called for redemption as a whole or the portion being redeemed of any such Securities selected, called or being called for redemption in part.
 
All Securities issued upon any transfer or exchange of Securities shall be valid obligations of the Company, evidencing the same debt and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the Securities surrendered upon such transfer or exchange.  Any Registrar appointed pursuant to Section 2.04 shall provide to the Trustee such information as the Trustee may reasonably require in connection with the delivery by such Registrar of Securities upon transfer or exchange of Securities.  Each Holder of a Security agrees to indemnify the Company and the Trustee against any liability that may result from the transfer, exchange or assignment of such Holder's Security in violation of any provision of this Indenture and/or applicable U.S. federal or state securities law.

 
11

 


SECTION 2.08.           Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities.
 
If any mutilated Security is surrendered to the Registrar, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a new Security of the same Series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.
 
If there shall be delivered to the Company and the Registrar (i) evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security and (ii) such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them and any agent of either of them harmless, then, in the absence of notice to the Company or the Registrar that such Security has been acquired by a bona fide purchaser, the Company shall execute and upon its request the Trustee shall authenticate and make available for delivery, in lieu of any such destroyed, lost or stolen Security, a new Security of the same Series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.
 
In case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security has become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may, instead of issuing a new Security, pay such Security.
 
Upon the issuance of any new Security under this Section, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.
 
Every new Security of any series issued pursuant to this Section in lieu of any destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall constitute an original additional contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of that Series duly issued hereunder.
 
The provisions of this Section are exclusive and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities.
 
SECTION 2.09.           Outstanding Securities.
 
The Securities outstanding at any time are all the Securities authenticated by the Trustee except for those canceled by it, those delivered to it for cancellation, those reductions in the interest on a Global Security effected by the Trustee in accordance with the provisions hereof and those described in this Section as not outstanding.
 
If a Security is replaced pursuant to Section 2.08, it ceases to be outstanding until the Trustee receives proof satisfactory to it that the replaced Security is held by a bona fide purchaser.
 
If the Paying Agent (other than the Company, a Subsidiary or an Affiliate of any thereof) holds on the Maturity of Securities of a Series money sufficient to pay such Securities
 

 
12

 

payable on that date, then on and after that date such Securities of the Series cease to be outstanding and interest on them ceases to accrue.
 
A Security does not cease to be outstanding because the Company or an Affiliate holds the Security.
 
In determining whether the Holders of the requisite principal amount of outstanding Securities have given any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder, the principal amount of a Discount Security that shall be deemed to be outstanding for such purposes shall be the amount of the principal thereof that would be due and payable as of the date of such determination upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.02.
 
SECTION 2.10.           Treasury Securities.
 
In determining whether the Holders of the required principal amount of Securities of a Series have concurred in any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver Securities of a Series owned by the Company or an Affiliate shall be disregarded, except that for the purposes of determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver only Securities of a Series that a Responsible Officer of the Trustee actually knows are so owned shall be so disregarded.
 
SECTION 2.11.           Temporary Securities.
 
Until definitive Securities are ready for delivery, the Company may prepare and the Trustee shall authenticate temporary securities upon a Company Order ("Temporary Securities").  Temporary Securities shall be substantially in the form of definitive Securities but may have variations that the Company considers appropriate for temporary Securities.  Without unreasonable delay, the Company shall prepare and the Trustee upon written request shall authenticate definitive Securities of the same Series and date of maturity in exchange for temporary Securities.  Until so exchanged, temporary securities shall have the same rights under this Indenture as the definitive Securities.
 
SECTION 2.12.           Cancellation.
 
The Company at any time may deliver Securities to the Trustee for cancellation.  The Registrar and the Paying Agent shall forward to the Trustee or its agent any Securities surrendered to them for transfer, exchange, payment or conversion.  The Trustee and no one else shall cancel, in accordance with its standard procedures, all Securities surrendered for transfer, exchange, payment, conversion or cancellation and shall deliver the cancelled Securities to the Company.  No Security shall be authenticated in exchange for any Security cancelled pursuant to this Section 2.12.
 
The Company may, to the extent permitted by law, purchase Securities in the open market or by tender offer at any price or by private agreement.  Any Securities purchased or otherwise acquired by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries prior to the final maturity of such Securities may, to the extent permitted by law, be reissued or resold or may, at the option of the Company, be surrendered to the Trustee for cancellation.  Any Securities surrendered for
 

 
13

 

cancellation may not be reissued or resold and shall be promptly cancelled by the Trustee, and the Company may not hold or resell such Securities or issue any new Securities to replace any such Securities.
 
SECTION 2.13.           Defaulted Interest.
 
If the Company defaults in a payment of interest on a Series of Securities, it shall pay defaulted interest, plus, to the extent permitted by law, any interest payable on the defaulted interest at the Default Rate, to the persons who are Security holders of the Series on a subsequent special record date.  The Company shall fix the record date and payment date.  At least [  ] days before the record date, the Company shall mail to the Trustee and the Paying Agent and to each Securityholder of the Series a notice that states the record date, the payment date and the amount of interest to be paid.  The Company may pay defaulted interest in any other lawful manner.
 
SECTION 2.14.           Global Securities.
 
(a)           A Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers' Certificate shall establish whether the Securities of a Series shall be issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities and the Depository for such Global Security or Securities.
 
(b)            (i)           Notwithstanding any provisions to the contrary contained in Section 2.07 of the Indenture and in addition thereto, any Global Security shall be exchangeable pursuant to Section 2.07 of the Indenture for Securities registered in the names of Holders other than the Depository for such Security or its nominee only if (A) such Depository notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depository for such Global Security or if at any time such Depository ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act, and, in either case, the Company fails to appoint a successor Depository within 90 days of such event, (B) the Company executes and delivers to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate to the effect that such Global Security shall be so exchangeable or (C) an Event of Default with respect to the Securities represented by such Global Security shall have happened and be continuing.
 
(ii)           Except as provided in this Section 2.14(b), a Global Security may not be transferred except as a whole by the Depository with respect to such Global Security to a nominee of such Depository, by a nominee of such Depository to such Depository or another nominee of such Depository or by the Depository or any such nominee to a successor Depository or a nominee of such a successor Depository.
 
(iii)           Securities issued in exchange for a Global Security or any portion thereof shall be issued in definitive, fully registered form, without interest coupons, shall have an aggregate principal amount equal to that of such Global Security or portion thereof to be so exchanged, shall be registered in such names and be in such authorized denominations as the Depository shall designate and shall bear the applicable legends provided for herein.  Any Global Security to be exchanged in whole shall be surrendered by the Depository to the Trustee, as Registrar.  With regard to any Global Security to be exchanged in part, either such Global Security shall be so surrendered for exchange or, if
 

 
14

 

 
the Registrar is acting as custodian for the Depository or its nominee with respect to such Global Security, the principal amount thereof shall be reduced by an amount equal to the portion thereof to be so exchanged, by means of an appropriate adjustment made on the records of the Trustee.  Upon any such surrender or adjustment, the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver the Security issuable on such exchange to or upon the order of the Depository or an authorized representative thereof.
 
(iv)           The registered Holder may grant proxies and otherwise authorize any Person, including participants in the Depository and persons that may hold interests through participants in the Depository, to take any action which a Holder is entitled to take under this Indenture or the Securities.
 
(v)           In the event of the occurrence of any of the events specified in 2.14(b)(i), the Company will promptly make available to the Trustee a reasonable supply of Certificated Securities in definitive, fully registered form, without interest coupons.  If (A) an event described in Section 2.14(b)(i)(A) or (B) occurs and definitive Certificated Securities are not issued promptly to all beneficial owners or (B) the Registrar receives from a beneficial owner instructions to obtain definitive Certificated Securities due to an event described in Section 2.14(b)(i)(C) and definitive Certificated Securities are not issued promptly to any such beneficial owner, the Company expressly acknowledges, with respect to the right of any Holder to pursue a remedy pursuant to Section 6.07 hereof, the right of any beneficial owner of Securities to pursue such remedy with respect to the portion of the Global Security that represents such beneficial owner's Securities as if such definitive certificated Securities had been issued.
 
(vi)           Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in this Indenture, so long as a Global Security remains outstanding and is held by or on behalf of the Depository, transfers of a Global Security, in whole or in part, or of any beneficial interest therein, shall only be made in accordance with Section 2.07, this Section 2.14(b) and the rules and procedures of the Depository for such Global Security to the extent applicable to such transaction and as in effect from time to time.
 
(c)           Any Global Security issued hereunder shall bear a legend in substantially the following form:
 
"This Security is a Global Security within the meaning of the Indenture hereinafter referred to and is registered in the name of the Depository or a nominee of the Depository.  This Security is exchangeable for Securities registered in the name of a person other than the Depository or its nominee only in the limited circumstances described in the Indenture, and may not be transferred except as a whole by the Depository to a nominee of the Depository, by a nominee of the Depository to the Depository or another nominee of the Depository or by the Depository or any such nominee to a successor Depository or a nominee of such a successor Depository."
 
(d)           The Depository, as a Holder, may appoint agents and otherwise authorize participants to give or take any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action which a Holder is entitled to give or take under the Indenture.
 

 
15

 


 
(e)           Notwithstanding the other provisions of this Indenture, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.02, payment of the principal of and interest, if any, on any Global Security shall be made to the Holder thereof at their registered office.
 
(f)           At all times the Securities are held in book-entry form with a Depository, (i) the Trustee may deal with such Depository as the authorized representative of the Holders, (ii) the rights of the Holders shall be exercised only through the Depository and shall be limited to those established by law and agreement between the Holders and the Depository and/or direct participants of the Depository, (iii) the Depository will make book-entry transfers among the direct participants of the Depository and will receive and transmit distributions of principal and interest on the Securities to such direct participants; and (iv) the direct participants of the Depository shall have no rights under this Indenture, or any supplement hereto, under or with respect to any of the Securities held on their behalf by the Depository, and the Depository may be treated by the Trustee and its agents, employees, officers and directors as the absolute owner of the Securities for all purposes whatsoever.
 
SECTION 2.15.           CUSIP Numbers.
 
The Company in issuing the Securities may use "CUSIP", "CCN", "ISIN" or other identification numbers (if then generally in use), and, if so, the Trustee shall use "CUSIP", "CCN", "ISIN" or such other identification numbers in notices of redemption as a convenience to Holders; provided that any such notice may state that no representation is made as to the correctness of such numbers either as printed on the Securities or as contained in any notice of a redemption and that reliance may be placed only on the other elements of identification printed on the Securities, and any such redemption shall not be affected by any defect in or omission of such numbers.
 
ARTICLE III
 
REDEMPTION
 
SECTION 3.01.           Notice to Trustee.
 
The Company may, with respect to any series of Securities, reserve the right to redeem and pay the Series of Securities or may covenant to redeem and pay the Series of Securities or any part thereof prior to the Stated Maturity thereof at such time and on such terms as provided for in such Securities.  If a Series of Securities is redeemable and the Company wants or is obligated to redeem prior to the Stated Maturity thereof all or part of the Series of Securities pursuant to the terms of such Securities, it shall notify the Trustee and Registrar in writing of the redemption date and the principal amount of Series of Securities to be redeemed.  The Company shall give the notice at least [  ] days before the redemption date (or such shorter notice as may be acceptable to the Trustee and Registrar).
 
SECTION 3.02.           Selection of Securities to be Redeemed.
 
Unless otherwise indicated for a particular Series by a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture or an Officers' Certificate, if less than all the Securities of a Series are to be redeemed, the Registrar shall select the Securities of the Series to be redeemed in accordance
 

 
16

 

with its customary procedures.  The Registrar shall make the selection from Securities of the Series outstanding not previously called for redemption.  The Registrar may select for redemption portions of the principal of Securities of the Series that have denominations larger than $1,000.  Securities of the Series and portions of them it selects shall be in amounts of $1,000 or whole multiples of $1,000 or, with respect to Securities of any Series issuable in other denominations pursuant to Section 2.02(g), the minimum principal denomination for each Series and integral multiples thereof.  Provisions of this Indenture that apply to Securities of a Series called for redemption also apply to portions of Securities of that Series called for redemption.
 
SECTION 3.03.           Notice of Redemption.
 
Unless otherwise indicated for a particular Series by Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers' Certificate, at least [  ] days but not more than [  ] days before a redemption date, the Company shall mail a notice of redemption by first-class mail to each Holder whose Securities are to be redeemed.
 
The notice shall identify the Securities of the Series to be redeemed and shall state:
 
(a)           the redemption date;
 
(b)           the redemption price;
 
(c)           the name and address of the Paying Agent;
 
(d)           that Securities of the Series called for redemption must be surrendered to the Paying Agent to collect the redemption price;
 
(e)           that interest on Securities of the Series called for redemption ceases to accrue on and after the redemption date; and
 
(f)           any other information as may be required by the terms of the particular Series or the Securities of a Series being redeemed.
 
At the Company's written request, the Trustee shall distribute the notice of redemption prepared by the Company in the Company's name and at its expense.
 
SECTION 3.04.           Effect of Notice of Redemption.
 
Once notice of redemption is mailed or published as provided in Section 3.03, Securities of a Series called for redemption become due and payable on the redemption date and at the redemption price.  A notice of redemption may not be conditional.  Upon surrender to the Paying Agent, such Securities shall be paid at the redemption price plus accrued interest to the redemption date.
 

 
17

 


 
SECTION 3.05.           Deposit of Redemption Price.
 
On or before the redemption date, the Company shall deposit with the Paying Agent money sufficient to pay the redemption price of and accrued interest, if any, on all Securities to be redeemed on that date.
 
SECTION 3.06.           Securities Redeemed in Part.
 
Upon surrender of a Security that is redeemed in part, the Trustee shall authenticate for the Holder a new Security of the same Series and the same maturity equal in principal amount to the unredeemed portion of the Security surrendered.
 
 
ARTICLE IV
 
COVENANTS
 
SECTION 4.01.           Payment of Principal and Interest.
 
The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit of the Holders of each Series of Securities that it will duly and punctually pay the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities of that Series in accordance with the terms of such Securities and this Indenture. 

Unless otherwise provided under the terms of a particular Series of Securities:

(a)           an installment of principal or interest shall be considered paid on the date it is due if the Paying Agent (other than the Company) holds by [] [a].m., New York City time, on that date money, deposited by the Company or an Affiliate thereof, sufficient to pay such installment.  The Company shall (in immediately available funds), to the fullest extent permitted by law, pay interest on overdue principal and overdue installments of interest at the rate borne by the Securities per annum; and
 
(b)           payment of the principal of and interest on the Securities shall be made at the office or agency of the Company maintained for that purpose in [] (which shall initially be [], the Paying Agent) in such coin or currency of the United States of America as at the time of payment is legal tender for payment of public and private debts; provided, however, that at the option of the Company payment of interest may be made by check mailed to the address of the Person entitled thereto as such address appears in the register; provided, further, that a Holder with an aggregate principal amount in excess of $[   ] will be paid by wire transfer in immediately available funds at the election of such Holder if such Holder has provided wire transfer instructions to the Company at least [  ] Business Days prior to the payment date.
 

SECTION 4.02.           SEC Reports.
 
So long as any Securities are outstanding, the Company shall (i) file with the SEC within the time periods prescribed by its rules and regulations and (ii) furnish to the Trustee and
 

 
18

 

the Holders of the Securities within [  ] days after the date on which the Company would be required to file the same with the SEC pursuant to its rules and regulations (giving effect to any grace period provided by Rule 12b-25 under the Exchange Act), all quarterly and annual financial information required to be furnished or filed with the SEC pursuant to Section 13 and Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act and, with respect to the annual consolidated financial statements only, a report thereon by the Company's independent auditors.  The Company also shall comply with the other provisions of TIA Section 314(a).
 
Delivery of such reports, information and documents to the Trustee is for informational purposes only, and the Trustee's receipt of such shall not constitute constructive notice of any information contained therein or determinable from information contained therein, including the Company's compliance with any of its covenants hereunder (as to which the Trustee is entitled to rely exclusively on Officers' Certificates).  The Company shall not be required to file any report or other information with the SEC if the SEC does not permit such filing, although such reports shall be furnished to the Trustee.  Documents filed by the Company with the SEC via the SEC's EDGAR system (or any successor thereto) will be deemed furnished to the Trustee and the Holders of the Securities as of the time such documents are filed via EDGAR (or such successor).
 
SECTION 4.03.           Compliance Certificate.
 
The Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within [   ] days after the end of each fiscal year of the Company, an officers certificate signed by two of the Company's officers stating that a review of the activities of the Company and its Subsidiaries during the preceding fiscal year has been made under the supervision of the signing Officers with a view to determining whether the Company has kept, observed, performed and fulfilled its obligations under this Indenture, and further stating, as to each such Officer signing such certificate, that to the best of his knowledge the Company has kept, observed, performed and fulfilled each and every covenant contained in this Indenture and is not in default in the performance or observance of any of the terms, provisions and conditions hereof (or, if a Default or Event of Default shall have occurred, describing all such Defaults or Events of Default of which he may have knowledge in reasonable detail and the efforts to remedy the same).  For purposes of this Section 4.03, compliance shall be determined without regard to any grace period or requirement of notice provided pursuant to the terms of this Indenture.
 
The Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within [  ] days after the occurrence thereof, written notice in the form of an Officers' Certificate of any Event of Default described in Section 6.01(e), (f), (g) or (h) and any event of which it becomes aware that with the giving of notice or the lapse of time would become such an Event of Default, its status and what action the Company is taking or proposes to take with respect thereto.  For the avoidance of doubt, a breach of a covenant under an Instrument that is not a payment default and that has not given rise to a right of acceleration under such Instrument shall not trigger the requirement to provide notice under this paragraph.
 

 
19

 


 
SECTION 4.04.           Stay, Extension and Usury Laws.
 
The Company covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it will not at any time insist upon, plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any stay, extension or usury law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the covenants or the performance of this Indenture or the Securities; and the Company (to the extent it may lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such law and covenants that it will not, by resort to any such law, hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law has been enacted.
 
SECTION 4.05.           Corporate Existence.
 
Subject to Article V, the Company will do or cause to be done all things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect its corporate existence and the corporate, partnership or other existence of each Subsidiary in accordance with the respective organizational documents of each Subsidiary and the rights (charter and statutory), licenses and franchises of the Company and its Subsidiaries; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to preserve any such right, license or franchise, or the corporate, partnership or other existence of any Subsidiary, if the Board of Directors shall determine that the preservation thereof is no longer desirable in the conduct of the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole and that the loss thereof is not adverse in any material respect to the Holders.
 
SECTION 4.06.           Taxes.
 
The Company shall, and shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to, pay prior to delinquency all taxes, assessments and governmental levies, except as contested in good faith and by appropriate proceedings.
 
SECTION 4.07.           Additional Interest Notice.
 
In the event that the Company is required to pay additional interest to Holders of Securities pursuant to Section 6.02(b) hereof, the Company shall provide a direction or order in the form of a written notice to the Trustee (and if the Trustee is not the Paying Agent, the Paying Agent) of the Company's obligation to pay such additional interest no later than [   ] Business Days prior to date on which any such additional interest is scheduled to be paid.  Such notice shall set forth the amount of additional interest to be paid by the Company on such payment date and direct the Trustee (or, if the Trustee is not the Paying Agent, the Paying Agent) to make payment to the extent it receives funds from the Company to do so.  The Trustee shall not at any time be under any duty or responsibility to any Holder to determine whether additional interest is payable, or with respect to the nature, extent, or calculation of the amount of additional interest owed, or with respect to the method employed in such calculation of additional interest.
 
SECTION 4.08.           Further Instruments and Acts.
 
The Company will execute and deliver such further instruments and do such further acts as may be reasonably necessary or proper to carry out more effectively the purposes of this Indenture.
 

 
20

 


 
ARTICLE V
 
SUCCESSORS
 
SECTION 5.01.            When Company May Merge, Etc.
 
The Company shall not consolidate with, enter into a binding share exchange, or merge into any other Person in a transaction in which it is not the surviving entity, or sell, assign, convey, transfer or lease or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of its properties and assets to any Person (a "successor person"), unless:
 
(a)           the successor person (if any) is a corporation, partnership, trust or other entity organized and validly existing under the laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands, [], the United States, any state of the United States or the District of Columbia and expressly assumes by a supplemental indenture executed and delivered to the Trustee, in form satisfactory to the Trustee, the due and punctual payment of the principal of, and any interest on, all Securities and the performance or observance of every covenant of this Indenture on the part of the Company to be performed or observed;
 
(b)           immediately after giving effect to the transaction, no Default or Event of Default, shall have occurred and be continuing; and
 
(c)           the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee, prior to the consummation of the proposed transaction, an Officers' Certificate to the foregoing effect and an Opinion of Counsel stating that the proposed transaction and such supplemental indenture comply with this Indenture.
 
SECTION 5.02.           Successor Corporation Substituted.
 
Upon any consolidation or merger, or any sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company in accordance with Section 5.01, the successor person formed by such consolidation or into or with which the Company is merged or to which such sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition is made shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such successor person has been named as the Company herein; provided, however, that the predecessor company in the case of a sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company shall not be released from the obligation to pay the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities.
 
ARTICLE VI
 
DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES
 
SECTION 6.01.           Events of Default.
 
"Event of Default," wherever used herein with respect to securities of any Series, means any one of the following events, unless in the establishing Board Resolution,
 

 
21

 

supplemental indenture or Officers' Certificate, it is provided that such Series shall not have the benefit of said Event of Default:
 
(a)           default in the payment of any interest on any Security of that Series when it becomes due and payable, and continuance of such default for a period of 30 days (unless the entire amount of such payment is deposited by the Company with the Trustee or with a Paying Agent prior to the expiration of such period of 30 days); or
 
(b)           default in the payment of any principal of any Security of that Series at its Maturity; or
 
(c)           default in the deposit of any sinking fund payment, when and as due in respect of any Security of that Series; or
 
(d)           the Company fails to perform or comply with any of its other covenants or agreements contained in the Securities or in this Indenture (other than a covenant or agreement a default in whose performance or whose breach is specifically dealt with in clauses (a), (b) or (c) of this Section 6.01) and the default continues for 60 days after notice is given as specified below;
 
(e)           any indebtedness under any bond, debenture, note or other evidence of indebtedness for money borrowed by the Company or any Subsidiary or under any mortgage, indenture or instrument under which there may be issued or by which there may be secured or evidenced any indebtedness for money borrowed by, or any other payment obligation of, the Company or any Subsidiary (an "Instrument") with a principal amount then, individually or in the aggregate, outstanding in excess of $[], whether such indebtedness now exists or shall hereafter be created, is not paid at Maturity or when otherwise due or is accelerated, and such indebtedness is not discharged, or such default in payment or acceleration is not cured or rescinded, within a period of 30 days after there shall have been given, by registered or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at least [  ]% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series a written notice specifying such default and requiring the Company to cause such indebtedness to be discharged or cause such default to be cured or waived or such acceleration to be rescinded or annulled and stating that such notice is a "Notice of Default" hereunder.  A payment obligation (other than indebtedness under any bond, debenture, note or other evidence of indebtedness for money borrowed by the Company or any Subsidiary or under any mortgage, indenture or instrument under which there may be issued or by which there may be secured or evidenced any indebtedness for money borrowed by the Company or any Subsidiary) shall not be deemed to have matured, come due, or been accelerated to the extent that it is being disputed by the relevant obligor or obligors in good faith.  For the avoidance of doubt, the Maturity of an Instrument is the Maturity as set forth in that Instrument, as it may be amended from time to time in accordance with the terms of that Instrument;
 
(f)           the Company or any Subsidiary fails to pay one or more final and non-appealable judgments entered by a court or courts of competent jurisdiction, the aggregate uninsured or unbonded portion of which is in excess of $[], if the judgments are not paid, discharged, waived or stayed within [  ] days;
 

 
22

 


 
(g)           the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company, pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law:
 
(i)           commences a voluntary case or proceeding;
 
(ii)           consents to the entry of an order for relief against it in an involuntary case or proceeding;
 
(iii)           consents to the appointment of a Custodian of it or for all or substantially all of its property; or
 
(iv)           makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors; or
 
(v)           or generally is unable to pay its debts as the same become due; or
 
(h)           a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree under any Bankruptcy Law that:
 
(i)           is for relief against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries in an involuntary case or proceeding;
 
(ii)           appoints a Custodian of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries for all or substantially all of the property of the Company or any such Subsidiary; or
 
(iii)           orders the liquidation of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries;
 
and the case of each of clause (i), (ii) and (iii), the order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for [  ] consecutive days; or
 
(i)           any other Event of Default provided with respect to Securities of that Series, which is specified in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers' Certificate, in accordance with Section 2.02(i).
 
A default under clause (d) above is not an Event of Default until the Trustee notifies the Company, or the Holders of at least [  ]% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities then outstanding notify the Company and the Trustee, in writing of the default, and the Company does not cure the default within 60 days after receipt of such notice.  The notice given pursuant to this Section 6.01 must specify the default, demand that it be remedied and state that the notice is a "Notice of Default."  When any default under this Section 6.01 is cured, it ceases.
 
The Trustee shall not be charged with knowledge of any Event of Default unless written notice thereof shall have been given to a Trust Officer at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee by the Company, a Paying Agent, any Holder or any agent of any Holder. 
 
SECTION 6.02.           Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment.
 
(a)           If an Event of Default (other than an Event of Default specified in clause (g) or (h) of Section 6.01) occurs and is continuing with respect to any Securities of any Series,
 

 
23

 

then in every such case, the Trustee may, by notice to the Company, or the Holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of that Series (or, if any Securities of that Series are Discount Securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of such Securities) then outstanding may, by notice to the Company and the Trustee, declare all unpaid principal of, and accrued and unpaid interest on to the date of acceleration, the Securities of that Series then outstanding (if not then due and payable) to be due and payable upon any such declaration, and the same shall become and be immediately due and payable.  If an Event of Default specified in clause (g) or (h) of Section 6.01 occurs, all unpaid principal of the Securities then outstanding, and all accrued and unpaid interest thereon to the date of acceleration, shall ipso facto become and be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or any Holder.  The Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of that Series then outstanding by notice to the Trustee may rescind an acceleration of such Securities of that Series and its consequences if (a) all existing Events of Default, other than the nonpayment of the principal of the Securities which has become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, have been cured or waived; (b) to the extent the payment of such interest is lawful, interest (calculated at the Default Rate) on overdue installments of interest and overdue principal, which has become due otherwise than by such declaration of acceleration, has been paid; (c) the rescission would not conflict with any judgment or decree of a court of competent jurisdiction; and (d) all payments due to the Trustee and any predecessor Trustee under Section 7.07 have been made.  No such rescission shall affect any subsequent default or impair any right consequent thereto.
 
(b)           Notwithstanding any of provision of this Article 6, at the election of the Company in its sole discretion, the sole remedy under this Indenture for an Event of Default relating to the failure to comply with Section 4.02, and for any failure to comply with the requirements of Section 314(a)(1) of the TIA, will consist, for the 180 days after the occurrence of such an Event of Default, exclusively of the right to receive additional interest on the Securities at a rate equal to 0.50% per annum of the aggregate principal amount of the Securities then outstanding up to, but not including, the 181st day thereafter (or, if applicable, the earlier date on which the Event of Default relating to Section 4.02 is cured or waived).  Any such additional interest will be payable in the same manner and on the same dates as the stated interest payable on the Securities.  In no event shall additional interest accrue under the terms of this Indenture at a rate in excess of 0.50% per annum, in the aggregate, for any violation or default caused by the failure of the Company to be current in respect of its Exchange Act reporting obligations.  If the Event of Default is continuing on the 181st day after an Event of Default relating to a failure to comply with Section 4.02, the Securities will be subject to acceleration as provided in this Section 6.02.  The provisions of this Section 6.02(b) will not affect the rights of Holders in the event of the occurrence of any other Events of Default.
 
In order to elect to pay additional interest as the sole remedy during the first 180 days after the occurrence of an Event of Default relating to the failure to comply with Section 4.02 in accordance with the immediately preceding paragraph, the Company shall notify all Holders and the Trustee and Paying Agent of such election on or before the close of business on the fifth Business Day after the date on which such Event of Default otherwise would occur.  Upon a failure by the Company to timely give such notice or pay additional interest, the Securities will be immediately subject to acceleration as otherwise provided in this Section 6.02.
 

 
24

 


 
SECTION 6.03.           Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee.
 
If an Event of Default with respect to any Securities of any Series occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of such Series by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy.
 
If an Event of Default in the payment of principal, interest, if any, specified in clause (a) or (b) of Section 6.01 occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may recover judgment in its own name and as trustee of an express trust against the Company or another obligor on the Securities for the whole amount of principal, and accrued interest remaining unpaid, if any, together with, to the extent that payment of such interest is lawful, interest on overdue principal, on overdue installments of interest, if any, in each case at the Default Rate, and such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel.
 
SECTION 6.04.           Trustee May File Proofs of Claim.
 
In case of the pendency of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, composition or other judicial proceeding relative to the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or the property of the Company or of such other obligor or their creditors, the Trustee (irrespective of whether the principal of the Securities shall then be due and payable as therein expressed or by declaration or otherwise and irrespective of whether the Trustee shall have made any demand on the Company for the payment of overdue principal or interest) shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise,
 
(a)           to file and prove a claim for the whole amount of principal and interest owing and unpaid in respect of the Securities and to file such other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee (including any claim for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel) and of the Holders allowed in such judicial proceeding, and
 
(b)           to collect and receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same, and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Holder to make such payments to the Trustee and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due it for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.07.
 

 
25

 


 
Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding.
 
SECTION 6.05.           Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities.
 
All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or the Securities may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of the Securities or the production thereof in any proceeding relating thereto, and any such proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision for the payment of the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, be for the ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities in respect of which such judgment has been recovered.
 
SECTION 6.06.           Application of Money Collected.
 
Any money collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such money on account of principal or interest, upon presentation of the Securities and the notation thereon of the payment if only partially paid and upon surrender thereof if fully paid: and
 
First: To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.07;
 
Second: To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid for principal of and interest on the Securities in respect of which or for the benefit of which such money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on such Securities for principal and interest, respectively; and
 
Third: To the Company.
 
SECTION 6.07.           Limitation on Suits.
 
No Holder of any Security of any Series shall have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder (except actions for payment of overdue principal and interest), unless:
 
(a)           such Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities of that Series;
 
(b)           the Holders of not less than [  ]% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series shall have made written request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in its own name as Trustee hereunder;
 
(c)           such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee indemnity satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred in compliance with such request;
 

 
26

 


 
(d)           the Trustee for [  ] days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity has failed to institute any such proceeding; and
 
(e)           no direction inconsistent with such written request has been given to the Trustee during such [  ]-day period by the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series; it being understood and intended that no one or more of such Holders shall have any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other of such Holders, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any other of such Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal and ratable benefit of all such Holders.
 
SECTION 6.08.           Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal and Interest.
 
Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, the Holder of any Security shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to receive payment of the principal of and interest, if any, on such Security on the Stated Maturity or Stated Maturities expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the redemption date) and to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment, and such rights shall not be impaired without the consent of such Holder.
 
SECTION 6.09.           Restoration of Rights and Remedies.
 
If the Trustee or any Holder has instituted any proceeding to enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued or abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to the Trustee or to such Holder, then and in every such case, subject to any determination in such proceeding, the Company, the Trustee and the Holders shall be restored severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder and thereafter all rights and remedies of the Trustee and the Holders shall continue as though no such proceeding had been instituted.
 
SECTION 6.10.           Rights and Remedies Cumulative.
 
Except as otherwise provided with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities in Section 2.08, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to the Holders is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise.  The assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.
 
SECTION 6.11.           Delay or Omission Not Waiver.
 
No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any Securities to exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair any such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or an acquiescence therein.  Every right and
 

 
27

 

remedy given by this Article or by law to the Trustee or to the Holders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by the Holders, as the case may be.
 
SECTION 6.12.           Control by Holders.
 
The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee, with respect to the Securities of such Series, provided that
 
(a)           such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with this Indenture,
 
(b)           the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction; and
 
(c)           subject to the provisions of Section 6.01, the Trustee shall have the right to decline to follow any such direction if the Trustee in good faith shall, by a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, determine that the proceeding so directed would involve the Trustee in personal liability or would be unduly prejudicial to the rights of another Holder or the Trustee.
 
SECTION 6.13.           Waiver of Past Defaults.
 
Subject to Section 9.02, the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series may on behalf of the Holders of all the Securities of such Series waive any past Default hereunder with respect to such Series and its consequences, except a Default in the payment of the principal of or interest on any Security of such Series (provided, however, that the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series may rescind an acceleration and its consequences, including any related payment default that resulted from such acceleration).  Upon any such waiver, such Default shall cease to exist, and any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other Default or impair any right consequent thereon.
 
SECTION 6.14.           Undertaking for Costs.
 
All parties to this Indenture agree, and each Holder of any Security by his acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken, suffered or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys' fees, against any party litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the provisions of this Section shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Company, to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Holder, or group of Holders, holding in the aggregate more than [  ]% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series, or to any suit instituted by any Holder for the enforcement of the
 

 
28

 

payment of the principal of or interest on any Security on or after the Stated Maturity or Stated Maturities expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the redemption date).
 
ARTICLE VII
 
TRUSTEE
 
SECTION 7.01.           Duties of Trustee.
 
(a)           If an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee shall exercise the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his own affairs.
 
(b)           Except during the continuance of an Event of Default:
 
(i)           The Trustee  need perform only those duties that are specifically set forth in this Indenture and no implied duties, covenants or obligations shall be deemed to be imposed upon the Trustee.
 
(ii)           in the absence of bad faith on its part, the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon Officers' Certificates or Opinions of Counsel furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture; however, in the case of any such Officers' Certificates or Opinions of Counsel which by any provisions hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall examine such Officers' Certificates and Opinions of Counsel to determine whether or not they conform on their face to the requirements of this Indenture.
 
(c)           The Trustee may not be relieved from liability for its own its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act or willful misconduct, except that:
 
(i)           This paragraph does not limit the effect of paragraph (b) of Section 7.01 herein.
 
(ii)           The Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer.
 
(iii)           The Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it with respect to Securities of any Series in good faith in accordance with the direction of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such Series relating to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee, under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such Series.
 
(d)           Every provision of this Indenture that in any way relates to the Trustee is subject to paragraph (a), (b) and (c) of this Section.
 

 
29

 


 
(e)           The Trustee may refuse to perform any duty or exercise any right or power unless it receives an indemnity satisfactory to it against any loss, liability or expense.
 
(f)           The Trustee shall not be liable for interest on any money received by it except as the Trustee may agree in writing with the Company.  Money held in trust by the Trustee need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.
 
(g)           No provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to risk or expend its own funds or otherwise incur liability, financial or otherwise, in the performance of any of its duties, or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers, if it shall have reasonable grounds for believing that repayment of such funds or indemnity satisfactory to it against such risk is not reasonably assured to it.
 
(h)           The Paying Agent, the Registrar and any authenticating agent shall be entitled to the same rights, indemnities, protections and immunities afforded to the Trustee.
 
(i)           The Trustee shall have no duty to monitor the performance or compliance of the Company with its obligations hereunder or any under supplement hereto, nor shall it have any liability in connection with the malfeasance or nonfeasance by the Company.  The Trustee shall have no liability in connection with compliance by the Company with statutory or regulatory requirements related to this Indenture, any supplement or any Securities issued pursuant hereto or thereto.
 
SECTION 7.02.           Rights of Trustee.
 
(a)           The Trustee may conclusively rely on and shall be fully protected in acting or refraining from acting as a result of its reasonable belief that any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, direction, approval or other paper or document was genuine and had been signed or presented by the proper person.  The Trustee need not investigate any fact or matter stated in the document, but the Trustee, in its discretion, may make such further inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it sees fit.
 
(b)           Before the Trustee acts or refrains from acting, it may require an Officers' Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel or both.  The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in reliance on such Officers' Certificate or Opinion of Counsel.
 
(c)           The Trustee may act through agents and shall not be responsible for the misconduct or negligence of, or for the supervision of, any agent appointed with due care.  No Depository shall be deemed an agent of the Trustee and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any act or omission by any Depository.
 
(d)           The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith which it believes to be authorized or within its rights or powers.
 
(e)           The Trustee may consult with counsel of its selection and the advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection
 

 
30

 

in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon.
 
(f)           The Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by or pursuant to this Indenture at the request, order or direction of any of the Holders of Securities, unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee reasonable security or indemnity satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction.
 
SECTION 7.03.           Individual Rights of Trustee.
 
The Trustee, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and may otherwise deal with the Company or an Affiliate with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee.  Any Agent may do the same with like rights.  The Trustee is also subject to Sections 7.10 and 7.11.
 
SECTION 7.04.           Trustee's Disclaimer.
 
The Trustee makes no representation as to the validity or adequacy of this Indenture or the Securities and the recitals contained herein and in the Securities shall be taken as statements of the Company and not of the Trustee, and the Trustee has no responsibility for such recitals. The Trustee shall not be accountable for the Company's use or application of the proceeds from the Securities or for monies paid over to the Company pursuant to this Indenture, and it shall not be responsible for any statement in the Securities other than its authentication.
 
SECTION 7.05.           Notice of Defaults.
 
If a Default or Event of Default occurs and is continuing with respect to the Securities of any Series and if a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has knowledge or receives written notice of such event, the Trustee shall mail to each Securityholder of the Securities of that Series, notice of a Default or Event of Default within [  ] days after it occurs or, if later, after a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has actual knowledge of such Default or Event of Default.  Except in the case of a Default or Event of Default in payment of principal of or interest on any Security of any Series, including any additional interest that may become payable pursuant to Section 6.02(b), the Trustee may withhold the notice so long as the Trustee in good faith determines that withholding the notice is in the interests of Securityholders of that Series.
 
SECTION 7.06.           Reports by Trustee to Holders.
 
Within [  ] days after [                                                      ] in each year, the Trustee shall transmit by mail to all Securityholders, as their names and addresses appear on the register kept by the Registrar, a brief report dated as of such [], in accordance with, and to the extent required under, TIA Section 313.
 
A copy of each report at the time of its mailing to Securityholders of any Series shall be filed with the SEC and each stock exchange on which the Securities of that Series are listed.  The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee when Securities of any Series are listed on any stock exchange.
 

 
31

 


 
SECTION 7.07.           Compensation and Indemnity.
 
The Company shall pay to the Trustee from time to time such compensation for its services as shall be agreed upon in writing.  The Trustee's compensation shall not be limited by any law on compensation of a trustee of an express trust.  The Company shall reimburse the Trustee upon request for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses, disbursements and advances incurred by it.  Such expenses shall include the reasonable compensation and expenses of the Trustee's agents, counsel and other persons not regularly in its employ.
 
The Company shall indemnify, defend and hold harmless the Trustee and its officers, directors, employees, representatives and agents, from and against and reimburse the Trustee for any and all claims, expenses, obligations, liabilities, losses, damages, injuries (to person, property, or natural resources), penalties, stamp or other similar taxes, actions, suits, judgments, reasonable costs and expenses (including reasonable attorney's and agent's fees and expenses) of whatever kind or nature regardless of their merit, demanded, asserted or claimed against the Trustee directly or indirectly relating to, or arising from, claims against the Trustee by reason of its participation in the transactions contemplated hereby, including without limitation all reasonable costs required to be associated with claims for damages to persons or property, and reasonable attorneys' and consultants' fees and expenses and court costs except to the extent caused by the Trustee's negligence or willful misconduct.  The provisions of this Section 7.07 shall survive the termination of this Agreement or the earlier resignation or removal of the Trustee.  The Company shall defend any claim and the Trustee shall cooperate in the defense.  The Trustee may have separate counsel and the Company shall pay the reasonable fees and expenses of such counsel.  The Company need not pay for any settlement made without its consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed.  This indemnification shall apply to officers, directors, employees, shareholders and agents of the Trustee.
 
The Company need not reimburse any expense or indemnify against any loss liability incurred by the Trustee or by any officer, director, employee, shareholder or agent of the Trustee through negligence or bad faith.
 
To secure the Company's payment obligations in this Section, the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the Securities of any Series on all money or property held or collected by the Trustee, except that held in trust to pay principal and interest on particular Securities of that Series.
 
When the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services after an Event of Default specified in Section 6.01(f) or (g) occurs, the expenses and the compensation for the services are intended to constitute expenses of administration under any Bankruptcy Law.
 
SECTION 7.08.           Replacement of Trustee.
 
A resignation or removal of the Trustee and appointment of a successor Trustee shall become effective only upon the successor Trustee's acceptance of appointment as provided in this Section.
 
The Trustee may resign with respect to the Securities of one or more Series by so notifying the Company.  The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities of any
 

 
32

 

Series may remove the Trustee with respect to that Series by so notifying the Trustee and the Company.  The Company may remove the Trustee with respect to Securities of one or more Series if:
 
(a)           the Trustee fails to comply with Section 7.10;
 
(b)           the Trustee is adjudged a bankrupt or an insolvent or an order for relief is entered with respect to the Trustee under any Bankruptcy Law;
 
(c)           a Custodian or public officer takes charge of the Trustee or its property; or
 
(d)           the Trustee becomes incapable of acting.
 
If the Trustee resigns or is removed or if a vacancy exists in the office of Trustee for any reason, the Company shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee.  Within one year after the successor Trustee takes office, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities may appoint a successor Trustee to replace the successor Trustee appointed by the Company.
 
If a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any one or more Series does not take office within [  ] days after the retiring Trustee resigns or is removed, the retiring Trustee, the Company or the Holders of at least [  ]% in principal amount of the Securities of the applicable Series may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee.
 
A successor Trustee shall deliver a written acceptance of its appointment to the retiring Trustee and to the Company.  Immediately after that, the retiring Trustee shall transfer all property held by it as Trustee to the successor Trustee subject to the lien provided for in Section 7.07, and subject to the payment of any and all amounts then due and owing to the retiring Trustee, the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective, and the successor Trustee shall have all the rights, powers and duties of the Trustee with respect to each Series of Securities for which it is acting as Trustee under this Indenture.  A successor Trustee shall mail a notice of its succession to each Securityholder of each such Series.  Notwithstanding replacement of the Trustee pursuant to this Section 7.08, the Company's obligations under Section 7.07 hereof shall continue for the benefit of the retiring trustee with respect to expenses and liabilities incurred by it prior to such replacement.
 
SECTION 7.09.           Successor Trustee by Merger, etc.
 
If the Trustee consolidates with, merges or converts into, or transfers all or substantially all of its corporate trust business to, another corporation, the successor corporation without any further act shall be the successor Trustee with the same effect as if the successor Trustee had been named as the Trustee herein.
 
SECTION 7.10.           Eligibility; Disqualification.
 
This Indenture shall always have a Trustee who satisfies the requirements of TIA Section 310(a)(1), (2) and (5).  The Trustee shall always have a combined capital and surplus of
 

 
33

 

at least $25,000,000 as set forth in its most recent published annual report of condition.  The Trustee shall comply with TIA Section 310(b).
 
SECTION 7.11.           Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company.
 
The Trustee is subject to TIA Section 311(a), excluding any creditor relationship listed in TIA Section 311(b).  A Trustee who has resigned or been removed shall be subject to TTA Section 311(a) to the extent indicated.
 
ARTICLE VIII
 
SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE; DEFEASANCE
 
SECTION 8.01.           Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture.
 
This Indenture shall upon Company Order cease to be of further effect (except as hereinafter provided in this Section 8.01), and the Trustee, on the demand of and at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, when
 
(a)           either
 
(i)           all Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered (other than Securities that have been destroyed, lost or stolen and that have been replaced or paid) have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or
 
(ii)           all such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation have become due and payable, or
 
(1)           have become due and payable, or
 
(2)           will become due and payable at their Stated Maturity within [], or
 
(3)           are to be called for redemption within [                                                                ] under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company, or
 
(4)           are deemed paid and discharged pursuant to section 8.03, as applicable; and the Company, in the case of (1), (2) or (3) above, has deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust an amount sufficient for the purpose of paying and discharging the entire indebtedness on such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, for principal and interest to the date of such deposit (in the case of Securities which have become due and payable on or prior to the date of such deposit) or to the Stated Maturity or redemption date, as the case may be;
 

 
34

 


 
(b)           the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable hereunder by the Company; and
 
(c)           the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each meeting the applicable requirements of Sections 10.04 and 10.05 and each stating that all conditions precedent herein relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture have been complied with and the Trustee receives written demand from the Company to discharge.
 
Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, the obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section 7.07, and, if money shall have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to clause (a) of this Section, the provisions of Sections 2.04, 2.07, 2.08, 8.01 8.02 and 8.05 shall survive.
 
SECTION 8.02.            Application of Trust Funds; Indemnification.
 
(a)           Subject to the provisions of Section 8.05, all money deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 8.01, all money and U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 8.03 or 8.04 and all money received by the Trustee in respect of U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 8.03 or 8.04, shall be held in trust and applied by it, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the persons entitled thereto, of the principal and interest for whose payment such money has been deposited with or received by the Trustee or to make mandatory sinking fund payments or analogous payments as contemplated by Sections 8.03 or 8.04.
 
(b)           The Company shall pay and shall indemnify the Trustee and the Agents against any tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations deposited pursuant to Sections 8.03 or 8.04 or the interest and principal received in respect of such obligations other than any payable by or on behalf of Holders.
 
(c)           The Trustee shall, in accordance with the terms of this Indenture, deliver or pay to the Company from time to time, upon Company Request and at the expense of the Company any U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations or money held by it pursuant to this Indenture as provided in Sections 8.03 or 8.04 which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent certified public accountants, expressed in a written certification thereof and delivered to the Trustee together with such Company Request, are then in excess of the amount thereof which then would have been required to be deposited for the purpose for which such U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations or money were deposited or received.  This provision shall not authorize the sale by the Trustee of any U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations held under this Indenture.
 

 
35

 


 
SECTION 8.03.           Legal Defeasance of Securities of any Series.
 
Unless this Section 8.03 is otherwise specified, pursuant to Section 2.02(s), to be inapplicable to Securities of any Series, the Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness on all the outstanding Securities of such Series on the [   ] day after the date of the deposit referred to in subparagraph (d) hereof, and the provisions of this Indenture, as it relates to such outstanding Securities of such Series, shall no longer be in effect (and the Trustee, at the expense of the company, shall, at Company Request, execute proper instruments acknowledging the same), except as to:
 
(a)           the rights of Holders of Securities of such Series to receive, from the trust funds described in subparagraph (d) hereof, (i) payment of the principal of and each installment of principal of and interest on the outstanding Securities of such Series on the Stated Maturity of such principal or installment of principal or interest and (ii) the benefit of any mandatory sinking fund payments applicable to the Securities of such Series on the day on which such payments are due and payable in accordance with the terms of this Indenture and the Securities of such Series;
 
(b)           the provisions of Sections 2.04, 2.07, 2.08, 2.14, 8.02, 8.03 and 8.05; and
 
(c)           the rights, powers, trust and immunities of the Trustee hereunder; provided that, the following conditions shall have been satisfied:
 
(d)           the Company shall have deposited or caused to be deposited irrevocably with the Paying Agent as trust funds in trust for the purpose of making the following payments, specifically pledged as security for and dedicated solely to the benefit of the Holders of such Securities in the case of Securities of such Series denominated in Dollars, cash in Dollars (or such other money or currencies as shall then be legal tender in the United States) and/or U.S. Government Obligations, or (ii) in the case of Securities of such Series denominated in a Foreign Currency (other than a composite currency), money and/or Foreign Government Obligations, which through the payment of interest and principal in respect thereof, in accordance with their terms, will provide (and without reinvestment and assuming no tax liability will be imposed on such Paying Agent), not later than [   ] day before the due date of any payment of money, an amount in cash, sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee and the Paying Agent, to pay and discharge each installment of principal (including mandatory sinking fund or analogous payments) of and interest, if any, on all the Securities of such Series on the dates such installments of interest or principal are due;
 
(e)           such deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound;
 
(f)           no Default or Event of Default with respect to the Securities of such Series shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit or during the period ending on the [    ] day after such date;
 
(g)           the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that (i) the Company has received from, or there has
 

 
36

 

been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling, or (ii) since the date of execution of this Indenture, there has been a change in the applicable Federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such Opinion of Counsel shall confirm that, the Holders of the Securities of such Series will not recognize income, gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit, defeasance and discharge and will be subject to Federal income tax on the same amount and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such deposit, defeasance and discharge had not occurred;
 
(h)           the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate stating that the deposit was not made by the Company with the intent of preferring the Holders of the Securities of such Series over any other creditors of the company or with the intent of defeating, hindering, delaying or defrauding any other creditors of the Company;
 
(i)           such deposit shall not result in the trust arising from such deposit constituting an investment company (as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended), or such trust shall be qualified under such Act or exempt from regulation thereunder; and
 
(j)           the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent provided for relating to the defeasance contemplated by this Section have been complied with.
 
SECTION 8.04.           Covenant Defeasance.
 
Unless this Section 8.04 is otherwise specified pursuant to Section 2.02(s) to be inapplicable to Securities of any Series, on and after the [    ] day after the date of the deposit referred to in subparagraph (a) hereof, the Company may omit to comply with any term, provision or condition set forth under Sections 4.02, 4.03, 4.04, 4.05, 4.06, and 5.01 as well as any additional covenants contained in a supplemental indenture hereto for a particular Series of Securities or a Board Resolution or an Officers' Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.02(s) (and the failure to comply with any such covenants shall not constitute a Default or Event of Default under Section 6.01) and the occurrence of any event described in clause (e) of Section 6.01 shall not constitute a Default or Event of Default hereunder, with respect to the Securities of such Series, provided that the following conditions shall have been satisfied:
 
(a)           With reference to this Section 8.04, the Company has deposited or caused to be irrevocably deposited (except as provided in Section 8.02(c)) with the Paying Agent as trust funds in trust, specifically pledged as security for, and dedicated solely to, the benefit of the Holders of such Securities (i) in the case of Securities of such Series denominated in Dollars, cash in Dollars (or such other money or currencies as shall then be legal tender in the United States) and/or U.S. Government Obligations, or (ii) in the case of Securities of such Series denominated in a Foreign Currency (other than a composite currency), money and/or Foreign Government Obligations, which through the payment of interest and principal in respect thereof, in accordance with their terms, will provide (and without reinvestment and assuming no tax liability will be imposed on such Paying Agent), not later than [   ] day before the due date of any payment of money, an amount in cash, sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent certified public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered
 

 
37

 

to the Paying Agent, to pay principal and interest, if any, on and any mandatory sinking fund in respect of the Securities of such Series on the dates such installments of interest or principal are due;
 
(b)           Such deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound;
 
(c)           No Default or Event of Default with respect to the Securities of such Series shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit or during the period ending on the [    ] day after such date;
 
(d)           the company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel confirming that Holders of the Securities of such Series will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit and defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such deposit and defeasance had not occurred;
 
(e)           the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate stating the deposit was not made by the Company with the intent of preferring the Holders of the Securities of such Series over any other creditors of the Company or with the intent of defeating, hindering, delaying or defrauding any other creditors of the Company; and
 
(f)           The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to the defeasance contemplated by this Section have been complied with.
 
SECTION 8.05.           Repayment to Company.
 
The Paying Agent shall pay to the Company upon request any money held by them for the payment of principal and interest that remains unclaimed for two years.  After that, Securityholders entitled to the money must look to the Company for payment as general creditors unless an applicable abandoned property law designates another person and all liability of the Paying Agent with respect to that money shall cease.
 

ARTICLE IX
 
AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS
 
SECTION 9.01.           Without Consent of Holders.
 
The Company and the Trustee may amend or supplement this Indenture or the Securities of one or more Series without the consent of any Securityholder:
 
(a)           to cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency;
 
(b)           to comply with Article V;
 

 
38

 


 
(c)           to provide for uncertificated Securities in addition to or in place of certificated Securities;
 
(d)           to make any change that does not adversely affect the rights of any Securityholder;
 
(e)           to provide for the issuance of and establish the form and terms and conditions of Securities of any Series as permitted by this Indenture;
 
(f)           to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more Series and to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee;
 
(g)           to comply with requirements of the TIA and any rules promulgated under the TIA; and
 
(h)           to add to the covenants of the Company for the equal and ratable benefit of the Holders or to surrender any right, power or option conferred upon the Company.
 
Any amendment or supplement made solely to conform the provisions of this Indenture or the Securities of any Series to the description thereof contained in the final prospectus relating to such Series will be deemed not to adversely affect the rights of any Holder.
 
SECTION 9.02.           With Consent of Holders.
 
The Company and the Trustee may enter into a supplemental indenture with the written consent of the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of all Series affected by such supplemental indenture, taken together as one class (including consents obtained in connection with a tender offer or exchange offer for the Securities of such Series), for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of any supplemental indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Securityholders of each such Series.  Except as provided in Section 6.13, the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of all Series affected by such waiver by notice to the Trustee, taken together as one class (including consents obtained in connection with a tender offer or exchange offer for the Securities of such Series) may waive compliance by the Company with any provision of this Indenture or the Securities with respect to such Series.
 
It shall not be necessary for the consent of the Holders of Securities under this Section 9.02 to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture or waiver, but it shall be sufficient if such consent approves the substance thereof.  After a supplemental indenture or waiver under this section becomes effective, the Company shall mail to the Holders of Securities affected thereby a notice briefly describing the supplemental indenture or waiver.  Any failure by the Company to mail or publish such notice, or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or affect the validity of any such supplemental indenture or waiver.
 

 
39

 


 
SECTION 9.03.           Limitations.
 
Without the consent of each Securityholder affected, an amendment or waiver may not:
 
(a)           change the amount of Securities whose Holders must consent to an amendment, supplement or waiver, except to increase any such amount or to provide that certain provisions of this Indenture cannot be modified, amended or waived without the consent of the Holder of each outstanding Security affected thereby;
 
(b)           reduce the amount of interest, or change the interest payment time, on any Security;
 
(c)           waive a redemption payment or alter the redemption provisions (other than any alteration that would not materially adversely affect the legal rights of any Holder under this Indenture) or the price at which the Company is required to offer to purchase the Securities;
 
(d)           reduce the principal or change the Stated Maturity of any Security or reduce the amount of, or postpone the date fixed for, the payment of any sinking fund or analogous obligation;
 
(e)           reduce the principal amount payable of any Security upon Maturity;
 
(f)           waive a Default or Event of Default in the payment of the principal of or interest, if any, on any Security (except a rescission of acceleration of the Securities of any Series by the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such Series and a waiver of the payment default that resulted from such acceleration);
 
(g)           change the place or currency of payment of principal of or interest, if any, on any Security other than that stated in the Security;
 
(h)           impair the right of any Holder to receive payment of principal or, or interest on, the Securities of such Holder on or after the due dates therefor;
 
(i)           impair the right to institute suit for the enforcement of any payment on, or with respect to, any Security;
 
(j)           make any change in Sections 10.15 or 10.16;
 
(k)           change the ranking of the Securities; or
 
(l)           make any other change which is specified in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers' Certificate as a limitation under this Section.
 
SECTION 9.04.           Compliance with Trust Indenture Act.
 
Every amendment to this Indenture or the Securities of one or more Series shall be set forth in a supplemental indenture hereto that complies with the TIA as then in effect.
 

 
40

 


 
SECTION 9.05.           Revocation and Effect of Consents.
 
Until an amendment or waiver becomes effective, a consent to it by a Holder of a Security is a continuing consent by the Holder and every subsequent Holder of a Security or portion of a Security that evidences the same debt as the consenting Holder's Security, even if notation of the consent is not made on any Security.  However, any such Holder or subsequent Holder may revoke the consent as to his Security or portion of a Security if the Trustee receives the notice of revocation before the date the amendment or waiver becomes effective.
 
Any amendment or waiver once effective shall bind every Securityholder of each Series affected by such amendment or waiver unless it is of the type described in any of clauses (a) through (g) of Section 9.03 in that case, the amendment or waiver shall bind each Holder of a Security who has consented to it and every subsequent Holder of a Security or portion of a Security that evidences the same debt as the consenting Holder's Security.
 
SECTION 9.06.           Notation on or Exchange of Securities.
 
If an amendment, supplement or waiver changes the terms of a Security, the Trustee may require the Holder of the Security to deliver it to the Trustee and the Trustee may place an appropriate notation on the Security about the changed terms and return it to the Holder.  Alternatively, if the Company or the Trustee so determines, the Company shall issue and the Trustee shall authenticate upon request new Securities of that Series that reflect the changed terms.
 
SECTION 9.07.           Trustee Protected.
 
In executing, or accepting the additional trusts created by, any supplemental indenture permitted by this Article or the modifications thereby of the trusts created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to Section 7.01) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel or an Officer's Certificate, or both stating that the execution of such supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by this Indenture.  The Trustee shall sign all supplemental indentures, except that the Trustee need not sign any supplemental indenture that adversely affects its rights, duties or indemnities.
 
SECTION 9.08.           Effect of Supplemental Indenture.
 
Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture under this Article, this Indenture shall be modified in accordance therewith, and each such supplemental indenture shall form part of this Indenture for all purposes with respect to the relevant Series; and every Holder of Securities of the relevant Series theretofore or thereafter authenticated and delivered hereunder shall be bound thereby.
 

 
41

 


ARTICLE X
 
MISCELLANEOUS
 
SECTION 10.01.         Trust Indenture Act Controls.
 

If any provision of this Indenture limits, qualifies, or conflicts with another provision which is required or deemed to be included in this Indenture by the TIA, such required or deemed provision shall control.
 
SECTION 10.02.         Notices.
 
Any notice or communication by the Company, the Trustee, the Paying Agent or the Registrar to another is duly given if in writing and delivered in person or mailed by first-class mail:
 
if to the Company:
 
Euroseas Ltd.
4 Messogiou & Evropis Street
151 25 Maroussi, Greece
+30 211 180 4005

if to the Trustee:
 
[                                ]
Attn: [                      ]
Fax: [                        ]
 
if to the Registrar or Paying Agent:
 
[                                ]
Attn: [                      ]
Fax: [                        ]
with copy to:
 
[                                ]
Attn: [                      ]
Fax: [                        ]
 
The Company, the Trustee and each Agent by notice to each other may designate additional or different addresses for subsequent notices or communications.
 

 
42

 


 
Any notice or communication to a Securityholder shall be mailed by first-class mail to his address shown on the register kept by the Registrar.  Failure to mail a notice or communication to a Securityholder of any Series or any defect in it shall not affect its sufficiency with respect to other Securityholders of that or any other Series.
 
If a notice or communication is mailed or published in the manner provided above, within the time prescribed, it is duly given, whether or not the Securityholder receives it.
 
If the company mails a notice or communication to Securityholders, it will mail a copy to the Trustee and each Agent at the same time.
 
Whenever a notice is required to be given by the Company, such notice may be given by the Trustee or Registrar on the Company's behalf (and the Company will make any notice it is required to give to Holders available on its website).
 
SECTION 10.03.         Communication by Holders with Other Holders.
 
Securityholders of any Series may communicate pursuant to TIA Section 312(b) with other Securityholders of that Series or any other Series with respect to their rights under this Indenture or the Securities of that Series or all Series.  The Company, the Trustee, the Registrar and anyone else shall have the protection of TIA Section 312(c).
 
SECTION 10.04.         Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent.
 
Upon any request or application by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee:
 
(a)           an Officers' Certificate stating that, in the opinion of the signers, all conditions precedent, if any, provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with; and
 
(b)           an Opinion of Counsel stating that, in the opinion of counsel, all such conditions precedent (including any covenants, compliance with which constitutes a condition precedent) have been complied with.
 
SECTION 10.05.         Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion.
 
Each certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture (other than a certificate provided pursuant to TIA Section 314(a)(4)) shall comply with the provisions of TIA Section 314(e) and shall include:
 
(a)           a statement that the person making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition;
 
(b)           a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation  upon which the statements or opinions  contained in such certificate or opinion are based;
 

 
43

 


 
(c)           a statement that, in the opinion of such person, he has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and
 
(d)           a statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such person, such condition or covenant has been complied with.
 
provided, however, that with respect to matters of fact an Opinion of Counsel may rely on an Officers' Certificate or certificates of public officials.
 
SECTION 10.06.         Record Date for Vote or Consent of Holders.
 
The Company (or, in the event deposits have been made pursuant to Section 11.02, the Trustee) may set a record date for purposes of determining the identity of Holders entitled to vote or consent to any action by vote or consent authorized or permitted under this Indenture, which record date shall not be more than [  ] days prior to the date of the commencement of solicitation of such action.  Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 9.05, if a record date is fixed, those persons who were Holders of Securities at the close of business on such record date (or their duly designated proxies), and only those persons, shall be entitled to take such action by vote or consent or to revoke any vote or consent previously given, whether or not such persons continue to be Holders after such record date.
 
SECTION 10.07.         Rules by Trustee and Agents.
 
The Trustee may make reasonable rules for action by or a meeting of Securityholders of one or more Series.  Any Agent may make reasonable rules and set reasonable requirements for its functions.
 
SECTION 10.08.         Legal Holidays.
 
Unless otherwise provided by Board Resolution, Officers' Certificate or supplemental indenture for a particular Series, a "Legal Holiday" is any day that is not a Business Day.  If a payment date is a Legal Holiday at a place of payment, payment may be made at that place on the next succeeding day that is not a Legal Holiday, and no interest shall accrue for the intervening period.
 
SECTION 10.09.         No Recourse Against Others.
 
A director, officer, employee or stockholder, as such, of the Company shall not have any liability for any obligations of the Company under the Securities or the Indenture or for any claim based on, in respect of or by reason of such obligations or their creation.  Each Securityholder by accepting a Security waives and releases all such liability.  The waiver and release are part of the consideration for the issue of the Securities.
 
SECTION 10.10.         Counterparts.
 
This Indenture may be executed in any number of counterparts and by the parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be an original and all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement.
 

 
44

 


 
SECTION 10.11.         Governing Laws and Submission to Jurisdiction.
 
THIS INDENTURE AND THE SECURITIES SHALL BE GOVERNED BY THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK EXCLUDING ANY RULE OF LAW THAT WOULD CAUSE THE APPLICATION OF THE LAWS OF ANY JURISDICTION OTHER THAN THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
 
The Company agrees that any legal suit, action or proceeding arising out of or based upon this Indenture may be instituted in any federal or state court sitting in New York City, and, to the fullest extent permitted by law, waives any objection which it may now or hereafter have to the laying of venue of any such proceeding, and irrevocably submits to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of such court in any suit, action or proceeding.  The Company, as long as any Securities remain outstanding or the parties hereto have any obligation under this Indenture, shall have an authorized agent in the United States upon whom process may be served in any such legal action or proceeding. Service of process upon such agent and written notice of such service mailed or delivered to it shall to the extent permitted by law be deemed in every respect effective service of process upon it in any such legal action or proceeding and, if it fails to maintain such agent, any such process or summons may be served by mailing a copy thereof by registered mail, or a form of mail substantially equivalent thereto, addressed to it at its address as provided for notices hereunder. The Company hereby appoints Seward & Kissel LLP, One Battery Park Plaza, New York, NY,  10004, as its agent for such purposes, and covenants and agrees that service of process in any legal action or proceeding may be made upon it at such office of such agent.

SECTION 10.12.         No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements.
 
This Indenture may not be used to interpret another indenture, loan or debt agreement of the Company or a Subsidiary.  Any such indenture, loan or debt agreement may not be used to interpret this Indenture.
 
SECTION 10.13.         Successors.
 
All agreements of the Company in this Indenture and the Securities shall bind its successor.  All agreements of the Trustee in this Indenture shall bind its successor.
 
SECTION 10.14.         Severability.
 
In case any provision in this Indenture or in the Securities shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.
 
SECTION 10.15.         Table of Contents, Headings, Etc.
 
The Table of Contents, Cross Reference Table, and headings of the Articles and Sections of this Indenture have been inserted for convenience of reference only, are not to be considered a part hereof, and shall in no way modify or restrict any of the terms or provisions hereof.
 

 
45

 


 
SECTION 10.16.         Securities in a Foreign Currency or in ECU.
 
Unless otherwise specified in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers' Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.02 of this Indenture with respect to a particular Series of Securities, whenever for purposes of this Indenture any action may be taken by the Holders of a specified percentage in aggregate principal amount of Securities of all Series or all Series affected by a particular action at the time outstanding and, at such time, there are outstanding Securities of any Series which are denominated in a coin or currency other than Dollars (including ECUs), then the principal amount of Securities of such Series which shall be deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of taking such action shall be that amount of Dollars that could be obtained for such amount at the Market Exchange Rate at such time.  For purposes of this Section 10.16, "Market Exchange Rate" shall mean the noon Dollar buying rate in New York City for cable transfers of that currency as published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York; provided, however, in the case of ECUs, Market Exchange Rate shall mean the rate of exchange determined by the Commission of the European Union (or any successor thereto) as published in the Official Journal of the European Union (such publication or any successor publication, the "Journal").  If such Market Exchange Rate is not available for any reason with respect to such currency, the Trustee shall use, without liability on its part, such quotation of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York or, in the case of ECUs, the rate of exchange as published in the Journal, as of the most recent available date, or quotations or, in the case of ECUs, rates of exchange from one or more major banks in The City of New York or in the country of issue of the currency in question or, in the case of ECUs, in Luxembourg or such other quotations or, in the case of ECUs, rates of exchange as the Trustee, upon consultation with the Company, shall deem appropriate.  The provisions of this paragraph shall apply in determining the equivalent principal amount in respect of Securities of a Series denominated in currency other than Dollars in connection with any action taken by Holders of Securities pursuant to the terms of this Indenture.
 
All decisions and determinations of the Trustee regarding the Market Exchange Rate or any alternative determination provided for in the preceding paragraph shall be in its sole discretion and shall, in the absence of manifest error, be conclusive to the extent permitted by law for all purposes and irrevocably binding upon the Company and all Holders.
 
SECTION 10.17.         Judgment Currency.
 
The Company agrees, to the fullest extent that it may effectively do so under applicable law, that (a) if for the purpose of obtaining judgment in any court it is necessary to convert the sum due in respect of the principal of or interest or other amount on the Securities of any Series (the "Required Currency") into a currency in which a judgment will be rendered (the "Judgment Currency"), the rate of exchange used shall be the rate at which in accordance with normal banking procedures the Trustee could purchase in The City of New York the Required Currency with the Judgment Currency on the day on which final unappealable judgment is
 

 
46

 

entered, unless such day is not a New York Banking Day, then, the rate of exchange used shall be the rate at which in accordance with normal banking procedures the Trustee could purchase in The City of New York the Required Currency with the Judgment Currency on the New York Banking Day preceding the day on which final unappealable judgment is entered and (b) its obligations under this Indenture to make payments in the Required Currency (i) shall not be discharged or satisfied by any tender, any recovery pursuant to any judgment (whether or not entered in accordance with subsection (a)), in any currency other than the Required Currency, except to the extent that such tender or recovery shall result in the actual receipt, by the payee, of the full amount of the Required Currency expressed to be payable in respect of such payments, (ii) shall be enforceable as an alternative or additional cause of action for the purpose of recovering in the Required Currency the amount, if any, by which such actual receipt shall fall short of the full amount of the Required Currency so expressed to be payable, and (iii) shall not be affected by judgment being obtained for any other sum due under this Indenture.  For purposes of the foregoing, "New York Banking Day" means any day except a Saturday, Sunday or a legal holiday in The City of New York on which banking institutions are authorized or required by law, regulation or executive order to close.
 
                                SECTION 10.18.        Compliance with Applicable Anti-Terrorism and Money Laundering Regulations.
 
In order to comply with the laws, rules, regulations and executive orders in effect from time to time applicable to banking institutions, including those relating to the funding of terrorist activities and money laundering ("Applicable Law"), the Trustee is required to obtain, verify and record certain information relating to individuals and entities which maintain a business relationship with the Trustee.  Accordingly, each of the parties agree to provide to the Trustee, upon its request from time to time such identifying information and documentation as may be available for such party in order to enable the Trustee to comply with the Applicable Law.
 
ARTICLE XI
 
SINKING FUNDS
 
SECTION 11.01.         Applicability of Article.
 
The provisions of this Article shall be applicable to any sinking fund for the retirement of the Securities of a Series, except as otherwise permitted or required by any form of Security of such Series issued pursuant to this Indenture.
 
The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the terms of the Securities of any Series is herein referred to as a "mandatory sinking fund payment" and any other amount provided for by the terms of Securities of such Series is herein referred to as an "optional sinking fund payment." If provided for by the terms of Securities of any Series, the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as provided in Section 11.02.  Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the redemption of Securities of any Series as provided for by the terms of the securities of such Series.
 

 
47

 


 
SECTION 11.02.         Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities.
 
The Company may, in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund payment with respect to the Securities of any Series to be made pursuant to the terms of such Securities (1) deliver outstanding Securities of such Series to which such sinking fund payment is applicable (other than any of such Securities previously called for mandatory sinking fund redemption) and (2) apply as credit Securities of such Series to which such sinking fund payment is applicable and which have been redeemed either at the election of the Company pursuant to the terms of such Series of Securities (except pursuant to any mandatory sinking fund) or through the application of permitted optional sinking fund payments or other optional redemptions pursuant to the terms of such Securities, provided that such Securities have not been previously so credited.  Such Securities shall be received by the Registrar, together with an Officers' Certificate with respect thereto, not later than [  ] days prior to the date on which the Registrar begins the process of selecting Securities for redemption, and shall be credited for such purpose by the Registrar at the price specified in such Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced accordingly.  If as a result of the delivery or credit of Securities in lieu of cash payments pursuant to this Section 11.02, the principal amount of Securities of such Series to be redeemed in order to exhaust the aforesaid cash payment shall be less than $[], the Registrar need not call Securities of such Series for redemption, except upon receipt of a Company Order that such action be taken, and such cash payment shall be held by the Paying Agent and applied to the next succeeding sinking fund payment, provided, however, that the Paying Agent shall from time to time upon receipt of a Company Order pay over and deliver to the Company any cash payment so being held by the Paying Agent upon delivery by the Company to the Registrar of Securities of that Series purchased by the Company having an unpaid principal amount equal to the cash payment required to be released to the Company.
 
SECTION 11.03.         Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund.
 
Not less than [  ] days (unless otherwise indicated in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officers' Certificate in respect of a particular Series of Securities) prior to each sinking fund payment date for any Series of Securities, the Company will deliver to the Trustee and the Paying Agent an Officers' Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment for that Series pursuant to the terms of that Series, the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by payment of cash and the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting of Securities of that Series pursuant to Section 11.02., and the optional amount, if any, to be added in cash to the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment, and the Company shall thereupon be obligated to pay the amount therein specified.  Not less than [  ] days (unless otherwise indicated in the Board Resolution, Officers' Certificate or supplemental indenture in respect of a particular Series of Securities) before each such sinking fund payment date the Trustee shall select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date in the manner specified in Section 3.02 and cause notice of the redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided in Section 3.03.  Such notice having been duly given, the redemption of such Securities shall stated in Sections 3.04, 3.05 and 3.06.
 
[The remainder of this page is intentionally left blank]
 

 
48

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly executed as of the day and year first above written.
 




EUROSEAS LTD.


By:__________________________
Name:
Its:


[                      ]
as Trustee
 
By:__________________________
Name:
Its:

By:__________________________
Name:
Its:


[                      ]
as Registrar and Paying Agent
 
By:__________________________
Name:
Its:
 
By:__________________________
Name:
Its:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
EX-5.1 4 d1229602_ex5-1.htm d1229602_ex5-1.htm
EXHIBIT 5.1



 
     
     
 

 
                                  September 26, 2011


Euroseas Ltd.
4 Messogiou & Evropis Street
151 25 Maroussi, Greece
Re:  Euroseas Ltd.

Ladies and Gentlemen:

We have acted as counsel to Euroseas Ltd. (the "Company") in connection with the Company's Registration Statement on Form F-3 (File No. 333-            ) (the "Registration Statement") as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission") on September 26, 2011, as thereafter amended or supplemented, with respect to the public offering by the Company (the "Offering") of up to an aggregate of $400,000,000 of securities which may include common shares ("Common Shares"), preferred shares ("Preferred Shares"), debt securities ("Debt Securities"), which may be guaranteed by guarantees issued by one or more of the Company's subsidiaries ("Guarantees"), warrants ("Warrants"), purchase contracts ("Purchase Contracts") and units ("Units" and, together with the Common Shares, the Preferred Shares, the Debt Securities, the Guarantees, the Warrants and the Purchase Contracts, the "Primary Securities") and 11,249,677 common shares of the Company, par value $0.03 per share, by the selling shareholders, Friends Investment Company Inc. and Eurobulk Marine Holdings, Inc. (the "Secondary Securities").

We have examined originals or copies, certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction, of: (i) the Registration Statement; (ii) the prospectus of the Company (the "Prospectus") included in the Registration Statement; (iii) the form of indenture to be entered into by the Company (filed as Exhibit 4.6 to the Registration Statement) (the "Senior Indenture"), (iv) the form of subordinated indenture to be entered into by the Company (filed as Exhibit 4.7 to the Registration Statement) (the "Subordinated Indenture" and, collectively with the Senior Indenture, the "Indentures"), and (v) such corporate documents and records of the Company and such other instruments, certificates and documents as we have deemed necessary or appropriate as a basis for the opinions hereinafter expressed. In such examinations, we have assumed the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, the conformity to original documents of all documents submitted to us as copies or drafts of documents to be executed, the genuineness of all signatures and the legal competence or capacity of persons or entities to complete the execution of documents. As to various questions of fact which are material to the opinions hereinafter expressed, we have relied upon statements or certificates of public officials, directors of the Company and others.

 
 

 


We have further assumed for the purposes of this opinion, without investigation, that (i) all documents contemplated by the Prospectus to be executed in connection with the Offering have been duly authorized, executed and delivered by each of the parties thereto other than the Company, and (ii) the terms of the Offering comply in all respects with the terms, conditions and restrictions set forth in the Prospectus and all of the instruments, agreements and other documents relating thereto or executed in connection therewith.

Based upon and subject to the foregoing, and having regard to such other legal considerations which we deem relevant, we are of the opinion that:

1. Under the laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the Primary Securities have been duly authorized, and when the Primary Securities, other than Debt Securities, the Guarantees and the Warrants, are issued, sold and paid for as contemplated in the Prospectus or any supplement thereto, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.
 
2. Under the laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the Primary Securities consisting of Common Shares and Preferred Shares issuable under the terms of an indenture, Warrants, Purchase Contracts and as part of Units, when issued, sold and paid for as contemplated in the Prospectus or any supplement thereto, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.
 
3. Under the laws of the State of New York, the Debt Securities, when issued for value and delivered in accordance with the applicable indenture, and upon due execution and delivery as contemplated in the Prospectus or any supplement thereto, will constitute legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company in accordance with their terms.

4. Under the laws of the State of New York, the Warrants, when issued pursuant to a validly executed warrant agreement substantially similar to the Form of Warrant Agreement, will constitute the legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company in accordance with the terms of such warrant agreement.
 
5. Under the laws of the State of New York, the Guarantees, when issued as contemplated in the Prospectus or any supplement thereto, will be valid and binding obligations of the issuing Subsidiaries in accordance with their terms.
 
6. Under the laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the Secondary Securities have been duly authorized, and are validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.
 
This opinion is limited to the law of the State of New York and the Federal law of the United States of America and the laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands as in effect on the date hereof.

 
 

 

We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement, and to each reference to us and the discussions of advice provided by us under the headings "Legal Matters" in the Prospectus, without admitting we are "experts" within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder with respect to any part of the Registration Statement.



    Very truly yours,

    /s/ Seward & Kissel LLP
 
 
EX-8.1 5 d1229594_ex8-1.htm d1229594_ex8-1.htm
EXHIBIT 8.1
 
 
 

 
     
     
 
 
September 26, 2011
 
Euroseas Ltd.
4 Messogiou & Evropis Street
151 25 Maroussi, Greece

Re: Euroseas Ltd.

Ladies and Gentlemen:
 
You have requested our opinion regarding certain United States federal income tax matters relating to Euroseas Ltd. (the "Company") and certain holders of shares of the Company's Common Stock, as described in the prospectus included in the Registration Statement filed by the Company on Form F-3 (File No. 333-            ) with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 26, 2011, as thereafter amended or supplemented (the "Registration Statement").
 
In formulating our opinion as to these matters, we have examined such documents as we have deemed appropriate, including the Registration Statement. We also have obtained such additional information as we have deemed relevant and necessary from representatives of the Company. Capitalized terms not defined herein have the meanings ascribed to them in the Registration Statement.
 
Based on the facts as set forth in the Registration Statement and, in particular, on the representations, covenants, assumptions, conditions and qualifications described under the caption "Tax Considerations" and incorporated by reference under the caption "Risk Factors" therein, we hereby confirm that the opinions of Seward & Kissel LLP with respect to United States federal income tax matters are those opinions attributed to Seward & Kissel LLP expressed in the Registration Statement under the caption "Tax Considerations." It is further our opinion that the tax discussion set forth under the captions (1) "Company Risk Factors - U.S. tax authorities could treat us as a 'passive foreign investment company,' which could have adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. holders", (2) "Company Risk Factors - Legislation has previously been proposed in the United States Congress which would prevent dividends on our shares from qualifying for certain preferential rates of U.S. federal income taxation" and (3) "Company Risk Factors - We may have to pay United States federal income tax on United States source income, which would reduce our earnings", incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement, accurately states our views as to the tax matters discussed therein.
 
Our opinions and the tax discussion as set forth in the Registration Statement are based on the current provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder, published pronouncements of the Internal Revenue Service which may be cited or used as precedents, and case law, any of which may be changed at any time with retroactive effect. No opinion is expressed on any matters other than those specifically referred to above by reference to the Registration Statement.
 
We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement.
 
Very truly yours,
 
 
/s/ Seward & Kissel LLP
 

 
EX-23.2 6 d1229589_ex23-2.htm d1229589_ex23-2.htm
EXHIBIT 23.2



CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form F-3 of our reports dated May 27, 2011, relating to the consolidated financial statements of Euroseas Ltd. and subsidiaries (the "Company") and the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting, appearing in the Annual Report on Form 20-F of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2010, and to the reference to us under the heading "Experts" in the Prospectus, which is part of this Registration Statement.

/s/Deloitte. Hadjipavlou, Sofianos & Cambanis S.A.
Athens, Greece
September 26, 2011
 
 
GRAPHIC 8 euroseas_logo.jpg begin 644 euroseas_logo.jpg M_]C_X``02D9)1@`!`0$`8`!@``#_X0!F17AI9@``24DJ``@````$`!H!!0`! M````/@```!L!!0`!````1@```"@!`P`!`````@```#$!`@`0````3@`````` M``!@`````0```&`````!````4&%I;G0N3D54('8U+C`P`/_;`$,``0$!`0$! M`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$! M`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`?_;`$,!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$! M`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`?_``!$(`%@` MU@,!(@`"$0$#$0'_Q``?```!!0$!`0$!`0```````````0(#!`4&!P@)"@O_ MQ`"U$``"`0,#`@0#!04$!````7T!`@,`!!$%$B$Q008346$'(G$4,H&1H0@C M0K'!%5+1\"0S8G*""0H6%Q@9&B4F)R@I*C0U-CH.$A8:'B(F*DI.4E9:7F)F:HJ.DI::GJ*FJ MLK.TM;:WN+FZPL/$Q<;'R,G*TM/4U=;7V-G:X>+CY.7FY^CIZO'R\_3U]O?X M^?K_Q``?`0`#`0$!`0$!`0$!`````````0(#!`4&!P@)"@O_Q`"U$0`"`0($ M!`,$!P4$!``!`G<``0(#$00%(3$&$D%1!V%Q$R(R@0@40I&AL<$)(S-2\!5B M7J"@X2%AH>(B8J2DY25EI>8F9JBHZ2EIJ>HJ:JRL[2UMK>X MN;K"P\3%QL?(RKR\_3U]O?X^?K_V@`,`P$` M`A$#$0`_`/[\*I7\L=K97=S(P5+>WGN&8\!1$C2LQ[$C$*(Y=-\.ZC<0L6)&/WRH,Y&/QK2C1>(KT,. MES.O6I4>7?F]I4A%QM?5R3LO,PQ-14_;2^-/[7'C;X=?#WX'_!?XT:A\-_A?J5KISZ9JFK6=C+JLWV(I]J MNKOQ%K5Q9PV8@M[&`2-(\CF-5)9?SR_:5_X.GK:RU;4-$_93^`T&N:3:/-!: M>-?BIJ-S81ZAL+!;NT\+Z,WVI(9"`ZK?:C#+M(WQ(VY1^>'P/_X)Z_M(_MN_ ML*_LX>%OA1I=CI/AOQY\=_CK\;_BE\2_%=T;#PIX9T^V;2_"NDW5_*N^XU*[ M>&UU:YM+&WC=RBS.\D,9+GH;#]G/_@@_^RJ1HGQ__:1^*'[57Q'TYVMM?T_X M/6%Y8>";348LK'H\.9+A*V)HX+#851I5,3BX4:E&-&KB<1&$QF`R;"SP\:TLWS:O&C4KNM)5/98=U+R]G3348J"LTD]$:ND_P#! MT5^W5!J:7>J_#/X#:GIJR;FTM=&\2:<[1[@2B7L>NS2;MN0&,3`D@X.*_3G] MFO\`X.D?@GXMN[#1/VE_@SXE^%5S.\44_BOP5>+XS\-QN^%:XN],DBLM_X-J_B+_Q(W\'?M'_``@EG(BB\3S2^)YH[=G.WSY! M'J'B!!'&6WMYEF5`'(QTH>)_^"''P`_:&T:Y\7?\$VOVX_AS\96,;7,7PO\` M'VIV&E>*T0@,EHE[:+!>038^3_B9Z)`ID74KT:V*I1:NI7KJ,-4G=7/&P>;>(>%DZV6\29)Q,DTZF# MI8C#UZK2M=1I2Y*DG?1*/5:;']MGP`_:U_9T_:@\.6OBGX$?%GP;\1M-EC5Y M8="UBV?5;%W7/DZEHTKQZGI\RYVO'=6D3*00`:5XV\/W6J:?HVHR12`QOIOBG193H^IPN MRKB":Y8NK!98!DJ/U>_9B_X.6OVT_@[!IV@?&G1/"G[0WAZT2"&34-4W>%?& MQA10"S:WI<4EA>3;0-S7FF&1V.7E8[@?@LX\!.2&U\7_ M`!2UJ"_2R+@@7%OX9T/"3S(3N076J>4"/FB=:^/P_@YXBXC$QPW^KF)HN4XP M=:O4H1P\%)KWI58U9145NWY72;5CZC$>*'!5##/$_P!LT:J2;C1HQE.O/;2- M.R;;V5[*_74_M"2ZADG>W613+&N]X]PWJ"2H)3.\*Q!PQ7:<$`Y&*L5_-+_P M;M_&?X^?M4>'_P!JK]IO]H+Q]KGCOQ'XG^(/AWP=H\U_*8M'T73=$TB35;C2 M_#ND1;+#2K"*XUB/,5K$I9;ALSPT*E.CBX>UIQJKEFZ=[1F MUVFE=+I:S"BBBO&/6"BBB@`HHHH`****`"BBB@`HHHH`****`"BBB@`K\L?^ M"T?Q"'PU_P"":?[5&M)<&"ZU;P$WA"S9&PYN/%FH6>BE%XY+Q74JX'."?2OU M.K^=C_@Y/\6W-G^Q'X+^&-A*XU#XQ?'WX?>%(+>-OFN(K:>XU*6,IG+H9HK9 MB,8!;MQ7TO!N%CC>*J0B)(U>21RJJ&)Y_B1^%O\`P2?_ M`."B'QNL(_$7@K]EOXEOI&I?Z3!J?B6SMO"5O=K^+O`W@;X6_#_PIIWB:Q.H M:-_:M[;Z1HOF76FB2(W?V.)+BZCA9PADB4R97<*_AE^)?_!8C_@H]\3-3N+_ M`%?]J+Q]X?BF=FATGP-)9>$=%LHV8E(;:TT>VA*Q(A"J))I7Q@,[$$U_1'A) M#C/%RXLS7AVADD*>:Y[B?;9AG$\0YITY*?)0P^'496^QLVU&+J5)U[\KCRM62:EJM-$9?Q-_X)%_\` M!1GX4Z=/JWBO]E;XE2:=:H9;B\\+VMEXL2%$!+.\7AZ\O[H(HY8_9SQG)XKX M4M+WXC?"3Q6EW8W/C'X;>-=%N@5E@DU?PGXDTRY@?CH;&_MW1Q]UE7GJ"#7Z M(_##_@M!_P`%*?A5J%O?:7^TUXP\3VT3!I-(\?0Z;XPTRZ08S%-#JEJUP$=1 M@F&YB<#D.""?$QNHUM)OC1\)-/73 MO%.ELRB-M2-DKP:U;2(6,I&FZS.I*G;:L/EK];KYGX@94I2X@X;RGB/*VG3J MSR"I4EB(KEM*7U'&Z5XJ+;B?YQ2R[@O,I0>49]F&1XZ$X*FLUC#V M4V[-?O\`"N+C[W5K36^B/S%^*7_!5;]K_P".'[,FK?LK_&?QS:?$SP/J&I>' MM3L_$OB?38+CQ[I)\/7BWD%E%XBA\J:^M;EXTCN3?Q3W!1<)<8)%?FTYRQ.< MY).>.AZ9``P?6OM_]OGX>_LB?#OXRV%M^Q3\3M<^)_P:\2>#],\3VUWXB&=4 M\,ZMJ-U>I<^%;F22TLKIIM-A@B,@OK<72>:N^27(=OAX_P`N/0]>_O7VG"^% MR6GE5+$Y+E?]E8;,)2QE7"2PLL'4CB)VC4=7"2E+V%3W(IP5DTD[>\?(\1U< MQ>92P^98]9C7P4(8>&+C55:%2E&\X.G47QP][1O6]T.#8SUR?I^N0<_G2@LW MN!R1TS[._ M'?C&2,4NR5C^_N%\*L%P]DV&2UHY=AH7 M:M)V@I-:=$Y:=]^NI1117SA[P4444`%%%%`!1110`4444`%%%%`!1110`444 M4`%?S'?\%Q9V^)_[9_\`P2O_`&;X7^T1^(/CD?'&L6`RP:QTK5]#@262+)X$ M%MJ05F!!&\=`:_IQK^17_@H5\53:?\%M?"_C:-+;4+']C7]D7Q[\6VLKS<]C M'K>G>&?$>MZ' M],U$6ZP0YC74;J2]N(6CM3/;QCRU=I0`M?S267_!*K_@DIX3_P")+\4/^"L/ MAFY\71@)=_\`"(V7AYM&BNB,/&D@FUD2(C<%GN@1QNQT'YX>.?B%_P`%,/\` M@K/\1+S4H],^+?QI6:ZD-EX5\(V.IV'PQ\(6\LFZ.UMH(GMO#UBD2E(S<:A< MRWLH!>64D$5[%9_\&_'_``5#N]).JK\#-#M2R"4:==^/O"T&I@%,\U_07#/#\^"\JHY-G'BC@.':CE/%O!Y;_9]24:^+=.),SKYC@.`L5G5*G26'6*QWMX1=*D_=]E2IN$.27Q* M2N[/?H_K+5_^""7PA^+FGO?_`+%'_!0OX*?&2_,3R6GA?Q-=Z7IFJWC'H9"D?CC M0+=O$W@FZ0$[9D\0:.MQ;VX<`,(]0%I*`2"@88J3XM_L!_M[?LF3GQ!\0/@+ M\6_`46FS"6/QEX=LM0O],LWB(=)X_$GA66[@M`"`RRRSP;3@E@017U3^S!_P M7%_;<_9UM8/!?C;Q#8?M%_"L(+'5/A_\:;7_`(2*4Z?]R6RM/$-PKZM;'RP8 MD6_.HPH2-T.!BOT'!XOC7"TWB\@XGR?CS!PM*6$KRP^#QK@HJ3E3QV7RG0YW M9Q5.M1A=ZMK]3\VQ]&EA\77 MHT<1]:I4ZCC3Q"4E&K!)6E&,_>2MI9MM/[VH."#Z'Z5U?@/P[/XN\;^#_"MJ MKR7'B7Q5X?T&"-02TDNKZO9V"(H`Y)$Y(P.,9KDZ^XO^":GP^;XH?M[?LH^# M!`;F._\`C+X1O[J,`MFST.^76;G*X.%$5@Q8XP`220.:YL_QD&O!_AO0H(E7:$ATK1[2QC0*.%VK``1T'0 M#BNYJ.)0D4:+P$C10!T`50!^@J2O\N:M1U:M2JW=U*DZC=[W,#T.*_FP_P"# M>33I/&NI_P#!0/\`:+NHFEN/BK^T[KME:7C@EIK+2;G4=0(60\L@DU@*.<#9 M],?;<+U)X/A[C7,H2E&K'+\ORVA4C)P<:F.Q=.51IQ:O[M%[/2.KOHU\?Q#& M.*SOAC`-48N?2RYWY7V\OZ&_A;\(/AG\&/"&D^!?A=X& M\->!?"FBVT=KIVB>&])L],LX8HE"(2EM$GFRD#+S3&260G=)(S$D^D;1G.TC M/7D?T)__`%9QSBN5\9>-_"OP_P##][XG\9^(=(\+>']-\G[?K.N7L&G:;:+, MZ11_:+NZ>.&+S)'6--[@EB%&2:\0_P"&S_V4@"6_:#^$H([?\)OH7)P/6\'? MZY[5\#BY^B97PUG6.P_/D MV0YIC<+2E['GR[+<7B:-.<8Q_=.>&HSA&2BU>#?,E*]M4?1UYIMAJ%M-9ZA9 M6M]:7"-'/;7<$5S!-&XPR2PS*T;H02"K*RD9R/7\A/VP?^"(7[#/[746HZQJ M'PXM_A1\1+P2NGC_`.%<=MX;U"2Y`T@N;(2NN0)U)W#]) MO`?Q]^#GQ3O+[3_AO\3_``7XUOM,M1>ZC:^&]?TW5Y[*T9_*6XN8[.:5H86D M!17<*I<%02>*ZCP=\2/`_P`0HM5F\#^+=!\4Q:%JL^AZU)H>HVNHIIFKVV?M M.FWK6[N+>\@Q^\@DVR)D;E&:]3*.(,?E6(IXO),XK82K)ODG@\6U"I[-IR3C M";IU%!*SC*,HJZNEH>9G7"LZL,3AL^R+$*.&5*.*IYA@:U&6&6(7[E5?:TX3 MP[K6_=MN#FT^6^I_`W^U=_P;7?MF?!NZU36?@3?^'OVAO!MN));>VTR:+PUX M[B@5BRQSZ%J4WV"^F$>U2VG:@3(^=L`)Q7XG^._V1OVI/AEJDFC^/?V>OC#X M8OXI&C:+4?`'B,PET;:PCN[>PFM)ESP)(IF1C]TFO]9/QU\0_`_PYTRWUGQS MXKT'PEIEYJ%MI5M?Z]J-KIEI/J-XVRSLHIKJ2-'N[AN(85;>YSM4D&N9^(/Q M8^#OPVM-,U#XH>-?!OA"PUIVCTJ[\6:IING0Z@Z1)/(MF^H.HGVPLLKB(':C M*QP&Y_<6EO38Z7YD<*I5(RPL\TP.)R^A&M#7FI0JTZ;G-;VYY6M>QJJ-JJO]U0/R&*=7C?Q*^/ MWP:^$/D_\+*^)W@KP2UP`8(?$7B#3=,N)P>`8K>ZF69QDXW+&5]2,&M+X=?& M;X8?%NS;4_AMX^\*>-M/BPL\_AK6M/U98'(R!-]DFD:(GT=5SSCGBOQ".+PC MK+#1Q-#VZT]@JM-U5:VGLU)R_`_7)9)G,,"LTGE.91RV32682P.)6";;LDL4 MZ2H-MM)6GOIN>I45B:]XBT7PUI=YK&N:II^D:780FYO=1U.Z@LK*TMTR7EGN M;EXX8HU`)9G8`8'M7SCI/[;G[)^O:^GAC1_V@/A;?:[)*EO'IT7BS2_-FG=B MBQ0N\Z12R,X**J2L21C&:=7%X2A*,*^)P]&G6FGR:O/?6D.EP6LE[<7\D\2VD%I'&TSW,EPS>4D*1*TC2%]@12Q8#FOG MD?MG_LI!V5OVA/A,I0D,K>-M"4@@[2#F['\0/IT[U57$X>BHNM7HTE)7BZE6 M$%);7BY25UJM5=$8')SE*SL MIV;L[+0^GJ*\-\&_M,?L_P#Q#U^U\+>!OC%\._%?B&_65[+1="\4Z5J6J7*V M\;2SM!9VUS)-(L4:L\A5"$0%B0.3ZWKNOZ+X9TG4-=\0:I8Z-H^E6LUYJ.IZ MCD;1 M?,]%=FO17!^`OB3X'^)VBCQ)X`\7:!XR\/&YFL_[8\/:E::GI_VNW($UO]JM M'DB$T3$"2,L&7()&,9UO%'C#PSX,TFXU_P`4Z_I'A[1;-2]YJFLW]MIUA;QJ M,EIKJZDBB3VRX)[QE@I4*D<7&K>WLGAW%5E4OIR.'-?H=-17S?X._:Z_9I\?^((_#/@W MXX?#7Q#K4SF*#3--\5Z1/=SS`[?+MXAG3E*+Z22:?1CZ**0D#J0/J0*WZVZ]NOW'G-I; MOR%HI-R\\CCKSZ?YZTF]2K'4444N:/=? MU_P_]68[KO\`U_37WGS!^VAX^B^&'[*'[1'CV2<6P\,?"#Q[J<.?'_`(XEE92) M+F.YUV73;>5SC+!X].!1F)^7!'&,^I?\%W/B)_PKG_@F#^T9+#,8;WQAI6@^ M!K,`@/+)XEUVPLYH5Y!R]JEQTYVYXYS7TQ_P3$^'(^%?[`_[*7@TQ?9YM/\` M@SX.O+J+:%<7NMZ>NLWID!YWFXOV9\_,3DDYK[:'^Q^'%:5K5,TXDH4M'9SI M9=@/:3AJE=>UKVNM$XGR$G/$\9T8N%_J&32J.5_AJ8K$.G&?K[.FV]KWWMO\ M-?\`!?#XFOX7_95T#X?V]R(KOXE>/-*M98E8[IM*T"*75[KY`0Q3[5%9*S8* M@-@C!Y^!_@!\!?\`@CA/\&OAO=?&CXJ:)+\4KOPKI5WXU$7CC7;!(M>N;9)[ MZW%I;;8+'?'G[8G[.'P7\1ZY9Z5X0\,V^ MEZCXRN[^[6UL-.M/%/B"VBOKF\F)"0QIHFG3[I&(95E&"H8$_7UMX%_X(:06 MD$5QI^+>#QW% M>-XBXVQF-\+,+15=T*V(HY7@*/%GQ,U2648FG?7M8N! M9229^8[[."!U))(#=<'%>:?MAZ5\*]$_X):_%"R_8^L-%N/A9>:2#9#P,\]U MIK:'=>(($\5W]M(/-FN4CC%V;IRS`H)#N*+7V%^R+\4/@CIO[+'P>D\*_$'P MBWA;P]\.O#EI+=MK>G6ZZ?+8:5`M_%J"2SQM9S6\ZRB:*X"2(ZL66OK,`L/0 MSS!4ZGU+!T<'DBQ4*6'FX8-U\96Y:TZ#=_:1<8:-[\Q_.7%F)S3-?#;B?,8/ MB+.\PXF\3L/E>)Q>?0GB^(,+EW#63U5@,+F\J,)NEBJM7,(R5*T8RE@YQ@Y2 MBTOC#_@IQW+3P>*/BP/B+XDLT.XG0_!BQS;[B(?\LA_I'+ M@@,O'>O-/VVV^&OQ?_X*/_LN?!/XHW'A=OA9\,OA_P"(?'WC#3_%E[96GA^[ MNM4C:RTS3KP7TT%M(\J6EM(L#.6:,]"N178_L_ZK;_M?_P#!2WXA?M*^'C)J MWP:^`'@0_"_P-XJ5';2->\4ZA+(^MW6CSL!%V%SQ<`'RILHNW<[&OLW_`(*D?#N^^+G[#%SJ M'PITV/5;'P=J7@?XF:;HN@VZ>3J?AK0KJ#4;B"QM[50C!-,D:XBBB3:1'A5S MQ5.GBX5*\HGCL\XQQ5)+)Z_#^+K4\5P]A\)]9QJPF*Q, ML9AEB\7/&1I5L%6I.$7&3DLK]D7_`()V>"=:\*:7\<_VL-*@^.7QZ^)NGV_B MGQ!?^/`-"?MO?!;PK M^P?X]^#7[6?[-UA'\,VN/B?X;\!?%+P-X>=K3PIXP\,^)[@6LCRZ'&XLTO;9 M@?+>&)2&V2*JM'NK]1_V:OVJ?@M\9O@WX/\`%_A;QQXRG62)Q(JJRJKQEE(-?F1^U=X\L_^"@?[2?P? M_9<^"UROBSX:?"OQUIGQ)^.OQ!THM=>&=.;0)O-TSPS;:I#NMKK4)R)$:.&5 MR)9`,GR9-O;C;5+WI5G] MF"DMD?.<)YSQ]F'B?F\^+ZN9X/@_+*&=0XLRC,X5:/#67\.X?"8JG0RREE]: MV7P_Y`D+82-)=;//(@>[2`29PH/SS\.?V4?^"9?[8OP!T_PE^S MOXETGX>_M#Q:%I_V.Y\3:YJ5GXGM?$L4<,EX-4TF]NQ%JUE-/YH+:6KA0P>W M=2`!]T?&[_@HWX6^&?[74_['_P"T3\+/"NB_`Z_TRU@B^('BF>6^TW4]+OM& M22PFN-+N=/.GI9-J"3Z;4B%+< MDX'RN>RPKS#-,X;R_-Z=&-#+\PRW,)RH8_"5L/3C&=7+KRB^:3E>,HP]_=2= MKK]Z\(:?$2X4\/O#AX;C7P\S/$XS'\5\%\?<)4X9GPGGF'S2H\10H<>T:"]G M+#82%/V%6G7Q/^S49256E&+M+]>OBEI/Q3_8I_X)<_%#PI\5?B9:?$/Q?X=\ M'ZIX0\.>)[6.\AFDL_$LT>CZ%ITKWTTEUO$MP[DF"),_<)/E7[)WPN M_P""7.A_LZ_"*Q^*\O[->N?$/_A"]'N_&&H^(]6\.W&LS:[?0"ZO$U"6:[60 MRV\DK0%7PZ>64(&*\_\`VT/%/C7QG^R#^P-\#OBY?/;^._CAXX^&:_$$ZO(E MO,^D:+:VU]JESJ[RLAB)2:W:^:1D4W`(;:QP/T>LOV3/^"<$=A:QK\+?V=9V MC@BB:::/PP9)'C0*SR.;@,6=@68G!).3U(KZ*G">)S7GP=+`SP^"RK+\)2AG M%634)XN,L7.T_?BZD:,80NUS1^3O^28_%4? MLU>$?@M/XD\,AK*Y\2?#M-*N;W2%U&%@]O+=:?-/]F^U0J=R.5:2,$8VU\D? M\%!_B#XC_:+^+?PZ_P""?/PGOYDN?&US:^*_C]K=B[E/#7PQTZX2YDTFZFBS MY%SKY`A$#LI>-HXV4K,P/TKXT\6?LL?L+_L__$[XK_"[PSX`\*Z);PF5K'P& MNF1Q>)_%IM_LNAZ4#I[R"XO[B:2.%8OFDC@>23:%!(_-_P#9,_91_P""@1/B M;]J;1OBE\*O!7Q!_:+$/BO7K'Q[X)U+Q+XCT;1KIY+K1M"ANS?6R6%E;V4EL MPL(HT\LA1+N>,8[,TG.5/"Y%0PZ MC25OE>"<'@5C\\\3LZXBQ-"AD364-QG%3IJ4:V*A3HYA.6'R"F MYYC."IRH_6)8*G*<5.5O?/\`@D-91_#:\_:^_9W1O)M?A#\?=9BT>R9B1!H> ML6ZO8M&A)*QN+48/5N221DGC/^"K\;6GQB_99\2?&;1_$VN?L>Z-J^K/\6;# M08-0N]+M]>*;33F\Z?28DVD^:#'M6=$'F,%//_L.V'Q5^#/\`P4J_ M:5^&GQJ\0Z!XC\;?%'X8^&/B/=:OX6TN;1M#U>\TZX%JT]EID\\KQO%:S-'< M$.=TB%MW)4?:'PM_;/\`"GQ7^/?[0W[+WQR\.^#O`^H?#[6;:P\):5XDOHI( M_B)X2O;=G_MG[+K,4-K,6W1?Z-;"8".0-N.UB.7".AB>':&48G$O!U8X_%X& M@L3>4/:X3%2K4:.*2E%.$Z/LX\O-[T;;]??XC_M/)/&/,/$#*\NAQ;@*G!N1 M<2YO7RK$/#XR>$XFR/"Y7F. M3JBQQS1I'=6]Y"90@;&V4!A^EWP%\)^/?`OPA^'_`(4^)WB6V\8>.?#?AO3] M'\1^);&.:.#6K^RA%N;Y%N#YQ::-$,KRGS))0[MM+X'X.?M^_!_X$?LP^(OA MS\9_V0?$?#76R^E_$"RU#48H]3M]2\(V$\UN+81-F MXE6".W9'9'C\PJ1_1+X;FU"X\,Z+=:O$EOJD^F6,^HP*/DAO9;:*2YB`.#\D MN]`#R#P3D5ZO#\Z M+E*L\5EE>-6G*C7P]6&&KUZ=63P].K"3?D&H_M`^'+3]H;1OV=XM,U6[\4ZG MX!U#X@W>IVRQ/I6CZ19:G!I<$6H-YGG)* M?@Z;*XT;X(?$+XK:=/8WM_JFH^#I?#T-GH$-F`6&HMK>J:>^^2,/*OV=955( MGW'IGY5_9LOK/Q_^VS^V)\6[R[MQ8^#)/!7P-\.S331J%7P]8R:WXB6#><[3 MJ^J".3&*K*>,W[^"M2T71'AE#M)K'B)!H>E MQ0F,DF62\OX@@7)#'`&&<%@.+N%63QOU[!\/PS/"UZN)HPK9CG-+"XFJXUJ$Z'_`-FKXNZ1\//$?VMQ\0]6 MG\*IX>T[3[$W2W6I7:Q:W+?-:Q2V^._B/X9P7VK6\7CK1K#PWJ-K>6&D7]S87FL6&EQ:VFKW5H&M9YD6&S M>:6%`8XF+`&YX\>W_97_`.":MW8V1%OJ7A+X$V7A[3U4^7*_B;7-'@TR/:<[ MC/<:OJ.1@EC(YY/4>A?"74_AU^RK^QQX!MO&WB#2-(TKP)\+-*EU-KJY@62Z MU!M(6YOK>&`N9;J^OM1FFCC@C62::>4(H9C@\-&MF"J4:57,94I4\M6.Q,ZF M'PO)*I.452INU)/E:NY--22VU/H<7E'"=3#YAC\OX/>-P^)XP?#.08*AF6:U M?;X;`1J3QF,=1U*DYXJ;Q&!IP4G*A3;E)TY.S7U1\'_BQX,^-?@#P_\`$?P' MJ:ZMX9\168NK&YV/#/&RL8[FTO+>55FM;VSN%DMKNUF1)H+B-XW`*T5\C_\` M!-_PAXG\'_LUZ=?^)-)N-"N_'_C+QS\2-/\`#UTGD3Z'H7C7Q+J&MZ+836[` M&VE73KFWD>#"^4TA3:"IHKZ/+'4QF`PN*K4^6I7I1J23:6KY=;-IV:U6B]U_ M,_+.*\JPV4<1YSE>68BC7P6`Q];"T*KG3FY1I2491YTTJG)+FINI'W9\KE'1 MH]Z_:6_9;^#/[7'PY'PK^/'A,>,O`W]M:;X@?1&U+4=,BDU32)'DL)Y9M-N; M6X=;=Y&<1,YB=L;U(`KV_P`.^']*\*>'M$\,:#:)8Z+X?TNPT;2K)"S)::=I MUK'9VENC.2Q$-O$B*6))"\FBBNR-:O["&%E7K3P]&TI M))-]4DNAX%/#T83>(C3C[:I%0G5M[\H1LXQVT^$6]I"EO::C#;1)#$"H$< M2[BQ9B6))\G/_!(']@(C:/@;98)R6/B#Q*",?P@?VJ!@''''UHHKQ*F1Y/6G M6JU\6X'+\-1IX M7#8##9[F%#"8?#PC%0HT:%.O&%.G!:1A%*"5M#[A\!?!KX<_#7X<:3\(O!OA MC3],^'>BZ6^AV/AMT^VV,>FS"0SVLRWC3/'KN>1R\CS:)8:G;Z?L=B=\:P", M[L%2.***WEE>6XSV-'$X'#5:=&*A34J:]R$;6BFK-15MCY[!\:<6Y'7Q^,RG MB/.L#B-<_O/74^U_A]\+/`?PN\( MV/@;X>>%-'\'^%;&'R+31]#LX;.UB7;M+E8E!DE=<-)-(SRNW+.27&K>(M3;-Y?W$][+/*3*5`"*_ MEQ]$51D445U4,+AIQ@_84H?57.-!0@HQI*2A%\B6S:=KJUUH[G!5S;-*N'S7 MVF98VHLSGA\1F,:F)J5%CZM*G"#PKXWG25*=1KWI0T]UOJO)Z7UM<:Q>-6`C M@UC<6L#3K2S&G@57G]4AC9PA1EB8T?AC5=.,5S*S]U=$DOC7QU_P2_\`V,/' MGBB^\6ZG\([;3-4U:XDNM73PQK6M^&]/U2>5]\KWVFZ-?V=E(96+-+^X7S"3 MOWBV,5N]S,1SA5G*\JE.G&,VY6O[RU5^MK7ZGHYAQEQ9G. M%IY1FW$>*2UUO3PQ)=+35K%X+Z*)OXH1-Y;')*'-?/? MPJ_X)7?L3?!WQ-8>+_"WP@TZZUW3;E;G3+KQ+J&H^)(["Z5_,BFM[75;B>VC MFB8`QR>4SQ;?D93S115U,FRK%8M8ROE^$J8J*5J\J,74O%JS-;V485$WSPC%1=WIJS MV[X^_L7?L]_M-W_AN_\`C/X'C\5S^$;6ZMO#K'4]5TV/38KQXFNA;QZ;>6B; MI&ACR[!G"H%!"UX#_P`.D?V$0,#X/,,G_H;/%>,GI@?VSUX_IWHHK+$Y1E=6 MM*I5P&%J5)/[*5CX,\._#NW^ M&4#>#/#'C!?'NFZ%<:UKUQ9'Q2JQ(-3O4GU!UU!D2%%CM[TS6\8!V1CT\- M0I8>4E"$G2CRN48V<4V[MI/9;+H?-9KGF<9Q1J/-LSQN9.GBJU>'U[$5,3RU M\3*/MZR55R7M:O+'GE;WE%*5TD>,7/[/'PKO?C38_M`S>%D'Q7TSPS<>$[7Q M4EW=I,F@7+F273I+5+@64R%V8AI(69#R&%<'\=OV*OV;OVD[RTU3XK_#32=< M\0:?&(;+Q-:M6X_+\;@<[S3#8S!X6.!PF*H MXW$4Z^'P=.*Y,+1J0J1<,/%2:C07[J*;48*[.6^#'_!/S]E?X$^)8O%_@;X7 MV'_"6V9(L_$GB&_U'Q-J]CG(9M/NMV$;'G)Z"OMATWPM#M(#J4 M'8*<8&,8(`&#D#(//K@HJ,-A,+@5.CA,/1H4G'FE&G!14FW%-R:U;:ZW,R6^G:];6X MEF;^(1#8H5`,*,>SW7[+OP?U#X6:/\&+[PY-??#W0M1TK5[#1+_6M8U!_M^C M:JFM:?+=ZA=WLNH7JPZA''.8[JYEC?:L;JR``E%;0R[`4JG[O"4(^UIWFE!6 MDVU)MKNWOWZW/1Q7%?$^-C@UCN(,VQBP*H5<&L3C:U18>=.G&G3=)]TBYCN]-_X2SQ M#XD\6VEEOF?_]D_ ` end GRAPHIC 9 sk_letter1.jpg begin 644 sk_letter1.jpg M_]C_X``02D9)1@`!`0$`8`!@``#_X0!P17AI9@``24DJ``@````$`!H!!0`! M````/@```!L!!0`!````1@```"@!`P`!`````@#`P#$!`@`9````3@`````` M``!@`````0```&`````!````141'05)I>F5R(%-O9G1W87)E(%-U:71E``#_ MVP!#``$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$! M`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0'_VP!#`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$! M`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$! M`0'_P``1"`",`5$#`2(``A$!`Q$!_\0`'P```04!`0$!`0$```````````$" M`P0%!@<("0H+_\0`M1```@$#`P($`P4%!`0```%]`0(#``01!1(A,4$&$U%A M!R)Q%#*!D:$((T*QP152T?`D,V)R@@D*%A<8&1HE)B7J#A(6&AXB)BI*3E)66EYB9 MFJ*CI*6FIZBIJK*SM+6VM[BYNL+#Q,7&Q\C)RM+3U-76U]C9VN'BX^3EYN?H MZ>KQ\O/T]?;W^/GZ_\0`'P$``P$!`0$!`0$!`0````````$"`P0%!@<("0H+ M_\0`M1$``@$"!`0#!`<%!`0``0)W``$"`Q$$!2$Q!A)!40=A<1,B,H$(%$*1 MH;'!"2,S4O`58G+1"A8D-.$E\1<8&1HF)R@I*C4V-S@Y.D-$149'2$E*4U15 M5E=865IC9&5F9VAI:G-T=79W>'EZ@H.$A8:'B(F*DI.4E9:7F)F:HJ.DI::G MJ*FJLK.TM;:WN+FZPL/$Q<;'R,G*TM/4U=;7V-G:XN/DY>;GZ.GJ\O/T]?;W M^/GZ_]H`#`,!``(1`Q$`/P#^_"BBB@`IKL54L`21SA0"3R,X!91TR>6&.H!. M%+J_(W_@M5XB_;+\+_L&?$/Q'^Q)H7B'Q-\3M"\2>$=7\;^'_!MVUCXXUKX& MZ7JDU[\6]*\"74<-Q>P^)M3\-VQT^*XT6VG\1V6G7FIZCH!_M*UL5(!^L":G M;2SFWAN+66:,`SP)/&T\>71"2BN=H3?\P?:P)`(#;5DN6\JSPI*KQR!MWSQ$ M-&2K%2%(+?=92IR0000P4@J/X]_A]_P64_X(;_M/>"-1^!GQC\+_`!'_`&"O MB%XWT:+P/J>J^,O"GBSX1^,?"GB"]A:Q6>Q^/'@::YO['4-`O[.SN)=>\7:K MIB*S64VOB5I+^V3^A?\`8O\`@_JG[+_[#?P<^$WPS\?:1^TZ?`OA&[7P1\1= M5\63:)9?%+0=>\2ZKXBT3Q!J/C.RB^(7^D:AH^N6ES>ZW81ZC87M]'+<6*VE MA/%#``?>]%?BE^SW_P`%3?B]^TA\./VF?B+X%_9#\,:>/V7OC'X]^!7BSPUX MO_:HT+P_>^(_'_@62T@NK7PKK=]\(U\,?V=K]_?VFFZ%J7B'6M$2ZO[B&*Z2 MW+;Z^K_V?/VL/BU^TK^R%I7[1_@;]FO6-`^)VH7GCK1[[]G'XD?$6Q\%^(M& M\1>`/&6O>"_$'AG4/&2>#=3M++71JGARZ%I%=:+86#2SK]LU"S0%J`/OZBOY MYOV??^"_/PO^+O[#_P"U!^W=\0O@QJ'P6\!_LP>.;GX8>+/AQJGQ/T+Q3\5+ MWX@6]YH=G#I-YH,/AK0[70+6_O->2UTBXN-0,MY)I>OJFG1M8?+]V^(OVT_C M/J7QC^`?@/X%_LPV'QP^$W[17PVN_BQX7_:$L/CQH'A?PIX:\&VNF:+J#ZIX MJ\,77@W6]=C2]3Q3H=KX:_LB36(_$-S>QI))9R6]XUJ`?I917QS^W5^V3X`_ M8+_94^+/[4_Q,L;O5=`^%FB6]\WAK2;ZUMM6\3:U?WEKINE:!I=U?)Y?GWM_ M=QQB46T[QVD5S>_9)8[>5*]A_9_^-?P__:0^#?PX^.WPHUW_`(2/X;_%7P?H MGC3P;K>W:][H^MP"XA%Q;$DVNH6A!L]0M9&$MC?Q75G,IFMY&<`]EHK\IOVD M/^"AWQ-_9[_;$_9J_9&D_9ET?Q;JO[6-Y\0K3X3>.X_CS'H>C1?\*WT4>(]: M/C/1S\*M9U309)K)UBLDTZ378)IVC22ZBRRP].O_``4&?P+^V=\(_P!B;X^_ M"6?X;_$_]H/POXX\2_!37?!?Q"T?XK^"_$]O\.]-M=8\16&O/%H7@GQ?X*U2 M.SNKC^SY-:\'W?AW5DL2EMX@6^$UB`#],J*_,O\`X*=_MZ>(_P#@FW^SGXJ_ M:GNO@8GQB^$_@%O"5IXP&F?%:+P1XML]0\:^+K7P5HRZ3H5YX*UZPU'3EU?6 MM%>[O?[>M;J*#4+@QZ3.-,1YN=_:(_X*4W7[%FI_!K6OVP_@DWPP^"GQF\:Z M=\,K+XZ^`_B0_P`5?"'P]\?^((YY_"UI\4](F\">!=<\-^%]=@M;V.W\7V2: MYI,-]%':ZBMM]H@NR`?JM156SN8+RWBNK:6.XMYXHIH+B&02P7$,T22Q302J MSK)#(CAHW5V5DP0Q!!,\I`C6I=W0#>=R@_-ABO'8RPS17$,<\$B30S(LD4L3J\O_`+1/["6K M?`;P-H/@WP]\/Y]'^(>B?LS?$]M0-QXGUWXK_"VWG$*^)/&4L*_V3=^/9SKR MZ-9&?P5+>PVFL:?9_H5^S9_P4Q_X)^?!W]G#XU_MG/\`M7^#-._9(^(OQEBD M^%7P[TL:SKNI?!^;3_`G@_1/$7@>P\$Z;!JOB[2=3\2>(;&Y^(][X3M](T[P M]X5M?&%L;&&!K^>2\`/WTHKSSX4?%+P/\:_AOX&^+7PVUV+Q-X"^(_A71O&G M@_7H+6]L8]6\.:_:1WVE7XLM2@MM1LC!/!6E_ M"?PK_P`$L?%OQJ\2:5)X';[6_''PPBN4\/P_%/X@Z)K%KX@>3Q)HNHWF MA>$KSPS96"PW]OJ>I7H!_0HC!T1QT=588Y&&`(YP.Q]!]*=7P7^W_P#M8^*O MV$/V9_B-^TSIGP7LOBS\/?@UX7D\3>.]'@^)D7@'Q!8Z!9WUAIQE\,V-SX-\ M4Z?K$\<=V&6RGU'0A*%V/+\WFIZU^S9\:O&/QI^!_@[XV>/_`(>:7\);'QSX M/\._$+1-%LO'P^($UKX4\1^&K'Q/!+KFJIX2\*VNGZA;6EV;.XM;6WU2-4MS M`='^#GB[QAX9U;5/$&G^&Y]3T^[L]4L/!,_BS2;C1KW6[:_P!"U73;G2;^ M_AO8Y``?7M%?E_\`!+_@H)XF_:0^"6F?M(?`?X"I\4?A-XLT_5?$'P[T?PM\ M*+4[2WNA); M1?5/P;^-7BOXV?LZ^#/C/H/PG\1>#_%GCCP;#XHL/@]\6[^3P-XF\/ZI,TB1 M^&/&][;:1XDD\/ZG:.ABU4IIFL-;S6MPB6T[1OD`^EZ*_%GX!_\`!4+XP?M" M6W[9_P#PB7[)OA+1=1_8C^.GCG]GOXC:?XO_`&I]*T!=?^(/@33+2^OO^$9U MJ[^$,NAVVA:R;F.RTW5M>U;2%CG9FN(;=%EEC^U?V,?VHO%'[6W[.)_@?XY7Q3\6/`FK_!GX@:Y;3ZUX>\6?"_QUXF\!WEGJOB#2M)%H+36=1\- MC4-/U&VTFZ0:7J,-S:?VE"5DF`/M&BOR6_9X_P""BGQ<^.W[;7[4/[%$O[+> MC>#O$?[(MM\'+_XO^/)_C]#KVB2:7\:]&N_$7@^Y\$Z-#\*;6]UVZET;3KVX MO+749O#D=M+;B*>:)YH@_P"LD.5BC$F0^Q=X8EFWX&\9+R$_,20`[`+@*2HS M0!+14,ZR,F(R0<@$+U(8A<@Y4KMSN+*P(`)`8_*?R4^(/_!1;XR^"O\`@H)\ M.?\`@GO!^REH6N^/?BI\'_&/QV\'^.A^T3!I7A$?#SP9K>L:'?S:]`?@_=ZY MINMSW^F6L::5:VVL0AM2C*ZA)!;S2``_7&BLR^DOXM-N9=/M8+O5(;6>2ST^ MXO'L+2ZNDCS#;W%_';WDEK#)*T:RW"VEV88V,@MI]OE-^5/[/?\`P45^+?QR M_;8_:*_8LD_99TOPCXB_9:M_AKJ?Q;\=7'Q[LM<\/KHOQ3TY]8\,7G@^PMOA M99:MXAO6L[6]:\L+]?#L=IY6PW69`#]::*PO$%QKMIH&I3^&M+L=;\0P6 M,KZ3I&J:S)H%CJ%^B@16MWK::3X@DTV*1^&O!I&I%,9^SRC)'Y-_LP?\%&_C MA^U-XZ_:\^''@7]DOPYI/BS]C?XTZG\"OB':^)OVEHX;3Q%XRT[2_P"UQ)X- MO-.^"]\D^C7L+06T5UJ*:;+!<3G[196B12B0`_8&BOA_]A']MSP#^WI\'_$/ MQ2\$^&/%'@74/AY\7O'WP'^*'@;Q5)8WM]X/^+WPPN=/M/&>@V7B'2KBZT3Q M3HEI+J=K-I/B;0ICIFK65RH$-K=QSV5K]P4`%%%%`!1110`5\#_MN:S^V?H& MH_LOZO\`L:^#?"WCV[L_VAD'Q_\`"OC?Q?;^"/"FI?`*;X7_`!'_`.$C-WXB M?2]:N=-UVT\8?\(/>>%I;+2KP2ZP(+>_CCTFXOYH/OBH_*CWA]BEU#*'(!8* M^`ZACSA@`&&<,%7(.U<`'Y4_M6?#'X,?M1?"SQY\,_BU_P`$^=<^*OC;Q#X3 MU_2=/\/>,?AY\,UL$UG58%EAOK+X^OJM]X5\+6Z7]EI6M+XDT?Q-:Z[;SV=A M-;:1)XGM8=%M^@_X)Q?LO:S_`,$W/^">_P`&_@#XUUGQ!\4/$/PO\/ZG-XC/ M@VSU7Q=*-5\3>(]1U^[\+>!K06L6MZEX?\-2:K_96BB:VA,VFV9O?)M$<6L/ MZ;>5'M*A<`]0"1USDY!!R;3/'BQ/;R30/?D0VY,? M]&_[%GC3XP?$?X!:)X]^.WP9/[/OQ(\7^+OB9KVI?"*>+3EU3PAH]_\`$/Q+ M)X5M_$%UI-S=:?JOB?4/#']D:KXEUJVF*:MK=]?7I56F85]5^6F,;1T8`]P& M.6P>HW$`M@Y)`)S@4JHJ#"J%!)8@#&68Y9CZDDY)/)/)-`'\V^E_\$5[(?\` M!2?]M?Q9K.F:9J/_``3^_;0^`Z^,O'?PLN+>PN=/7]JG43XA^'VKZA8Z5<13 MQ63:?X;\5^*_B#8:U:6UKJ">*M6TA+2XFCT51)]-?\$6_P!BG]HC]C+X!^+_ M`(6?M+>)CXPUCX5^/_&WP5_9VU.9H[ZYLOV5?"?BW4=4^'2)>17=S.4\67.H M7VMRV]TMK>6VEP>%_#FH6[6_AJQC3]K#%&>J*3P`2H)&!@8/48!.,'C/&*?@ M<\#DDGW).23ZG/.>M`'XG_'B;XA_MC_M7-^SE\0O@#^U#X$_8]\-_"?Q]!=? M%E?!W@63P?\`$WXL>+[>V\(ZEH>JZ#XHM_&&HP^$M)^&>J^+K/0/$5SX1M1? M>(?$&JQV^IV:1Z*=0^,?^"&?@?\`:^_8*\9?M%?L+_%'X'_M&:Y^Q=I7Q:O- M;_8:^.'B[PY:RKH_@GQ'K6LW&O>%?'.EQ7\>N>%+*>YO-,\1V=Y<:%;6(OY? M%EY-!9PWE@LW]/0AB5F=457<@LP&"Q!)!)&,XS^@]!@$,08L$&X]6YSPI3KG M.=IVD]2,9Z#`!_.%_P`%&_AE\0/VA/\`@I#_`,$WOB59_LH_'+XI?`;]FKQ! M\=X/CKKG_"MB=$L[;QMX>@\+^'[G1-/U;5-,USQ79P:O9QZO+=>']#U&*/23 M;7B2W,DAM$H?L&]>^!W[3>K_` MOP_I'QH^`?B/4)GN]2^#'C+Q>-+TSXB^)O`NG-XCUBR34I_MEIX0TRQL-'N; MNXNAXHN[O^DX1QC.$49QQCCY6+CCH,.2W`ZG/6D$48Y"*#D'*@*25VX)(QD@ M(HYS\H"].*`/P<_X.#?A]\8_VGO^"%/&>N)JGC#5M1TK0;2YL-'\,7L36<=W/=&[N=/ABBDCF M>6/D?^"NGPF^/_\`P4S_`&8_"G[#?P!^!/Q`\-V?Q-^(WPUU+XP_&SXQZ`GP MY\'_``D^&O@_78-2US5=%M]=U.V\1^,/'-W@ZD'TV?4;JZN+ M5(@K_P!"'D0D8\J/&$O#?A6'4=0`^VW\>@:+ M8Z6M[=E5C4W5V+7[3#/VEM)\ M;?!S4=,\9:9XICGM[RU^-4WQ>\413/#:6EE`L,/B26YU+3KA]0T:QTZ^M+S2 MY9/)_BC_`,$NOVQOV%OVGKW]K/\`8V_9#_9^_:`_9_\`VLDMOA[^UK_P31\+ MV/A^V\`>$=`U2WL?]-\%:SXY:U\/7ODWMK)>Z]K.F^'O#OA^SU<2PW/@^Y\/ MR6<^F?V7B.,=%`Y![]0VX8],-S^`'0`!=B8`VC`;:#8:=&[6VO7'AZ\L=/U=+:^L;:V2!-5@\_\`AE\( M?VAO^"?O_!8OXS>.?V;_`-G?XX>.O^"?'[9<5YXL_:(TWPSX3N%T+X-?M(64 MFKM_PL3P)X9GO;6Z\5:/XNU5+`ZN_A?352&Q\2W,J2W/]@#3V_I^6&)"&5%5 MAT8##8W!R,]<%P&89PS#+9/-(]O#(%$D:N$`"ALD#!#+C)ZJP#(QY1@&4A@# M0!^1'_!9;3O'_P`;?^":7[2'P(^#GP?^*OQ*^)WQ]^$$OAKP-X:\+>$;F9[+ M4+S4M"N]GBZ_U.?3K#PH+:&.59TUB[BG6>)H1&SJQ'TW^QWJ'BK_`(8R^$?A M/5_AU\0/A[X]^'7P.\#>`-9\*_$;PQ_8FI1^+O#?PZTC2[JVM(6OI[#6K#^U M;=K%;RPU&6QO)%FMH[C$BR5]P%%8`$9`((R3P5.01SP0>AZ]NG%-$,055"*% M0AE"_*`0P<'`Q_$-W/4YSU-`'\<%C_P0_P#V4/B5X:3XQ_&3]C/]NG]BK]H[ M6M,O]>\0>$?V0OBWIWC#P-J/Q"$%U>3^//`X\&ZYXRM?!5[K.LW"R6GAOQ9/ MX,_LI[>RLKJVDT^UN=3'Z^_L+_`K]L_X#_\`!*OQ7\'_`-HN^N/C[^T5H_A' M]H&S\#>%OB5K.B^.=2UCPA+>>++'X(?"WXD>)K#5VTCQ=JEWX:BT*T\674.J M2:=:?VS/H#ZE=+I1U&Y_:-8HU&%10/0``>GYD8!/4@`'(`IHAB7.V-5W$,Q4 M8)8#`)(P<@`*#G.T!?N@``'\9VH?\$&/V1]5\"7/CS0?V9O^"AW[%W[3.O\` MA1];TCX8_LY_&K0_$W@#P3\0M9MFC9?"7C[0/$6N^`-,T&?6+F6WFA\3^,O# M2;QOXDU;5(+S4)K33$?33?\%7KW]I7]GK]M#P;IO[4/_!0;QW^TK\"M-\(6/Q%6#Q% MX*M]5\+>+?!&I>)/`/@SQY9?#[4-6N?$GAJ.&;0/B(BWDUD/LVH>1IZM`?Z" MOV-_B9\9OB-\!)_B;\>O@'K'[/OCK5_&GQ5U)?@]-%IE_P"*=&\(6'CC6(?! MESJL7A^YO++5?%/B7PO;:=K^JO8RS//JFI36<32NL33_`&3Y\\.K!K&IV$>GKXK&A/?V]PUPBQK!.J?K!^Q7\5OC[\9OAQXQ^(/[0OP8 M\4_`#7M6^,GC^V\!_"WQQ+HLOBW1?A-IDMG8>!=2UJ30)[NQ&I>(+:.ZUF[M M#>3OI[W!MP,8ZG+8!R1UZDX!_GK^+>A?&'5?\` M@NE^SY^UYI_[./[0-Y^SY\'OV)_B]\!?%?C^V^'5QEQZ>&D7RY)$.^OZ%V56!#`,"""#R"#P"VM[MXK=[ MXV\'YF_LEV?QA^%O_!4__@I_^U7XR_9C_:2TSX/?M'>%_P!FG1?@_JT7PRFU M/5?%-W\*?".K:3XK>31-*U2]U#0+=;N^BCT^;Q%%I279(),2AV7^B,6\```B M0`$,`%``8'.X8Z-G)W#!R2YY].*`/@[]EKX M\_';QO\`!OXB_%S]HSX!?$[X-:Q:KK0%_X@O;2UN+B72EOY+-KB[ELA/-^17_``3K_9V\8Z=^U=_P M5#\4?M!_L\_M^%_$GPZUS1;K1KB[\;V? MPE^)&FPZ=(EY`9;B/QG81WL&FZQ;>5>R27.HP6O],OEH"Q"*"PPQ``W#!&&_ MO<$CG/!Q0L:+]U54<<*`HX4*.!CHH"CT`P,4`>5?!CX(_"?]G[P!HOPQ^"G@ M#PK\,_A]HB.^F^%/"&CVFDZ6MS))M2UO5IE%UK&N:E+=ZIJ]T6 MO-0O+JZ=YW]8HHH`****`"BBB@`HHHH`****`"BBB@`HKX=_;W_:OUC]DCX, M>&/&/A?PS8^)O&GQ/^-OP8_9Z\"/X@NGT[P+X5\8?'+QYI/P_P!#\;?$G4+? M-_:>`/"-UJ;:YXC?3%;4I[&U:UMC$\PGB\GUS]I'X]?!+]JW]F_]ESXHZYX- M^)X_:T\)_&H^#?'/@GP#>^#M4^%GC7X,>`(?'>IWOBGPQ>>+/$=IKGPYUVRC MU#3M,UB/4;#4]+\4S>&?#E[!JT?B%M6TP`_3JBOYEOC7_P`%4?VR/V4?'WQC M^&O[4<_PG\"_#OQ?XA^*>@_L7_MH:+\*M;N_A'JGQ#^&*3P7XZ\8ZSH7G^%O$6F^)XM)\06UPMII]O;RO>3:']9?M>_M5?M@?LT_ M$W_@GCX1L/B/X)\5:%^U;\3O&/PO^)O]B_LT^(?$GC+3KG0?@QXT^*MCKGPZ M\-Z+\4WO9&_M#PJ=%O=%U"RULOHDPU:'4TEM+J28`_;>BO@#]AKXR_'7XS6/ MQ=\1?%C7?#FJ^$+/QUJ'A_X4Q+\,M5^#?Q0T?3O"GB3QEX,\56OQ2\`:WXL\ M83VMU?:OX7A\0^$M&=6AA;0K:\TN]O+SSK_@K#^TI\?_`-D']EC5 M/VA?@1X@\%P:OX2\:?"_P]K'A?QM\.[KQG:>(M.^(GQ/\'>`[S^S[FR\;^#I M=%UG2M/\17.H:4]U/>:;%O%$>E?$#3O#.G^'_'OQ+\&^ M-O"F@Z-KOABZU6]CUOPWX@\-ZO,;>?2]9T?6=*U<?$SP+>>)/V1/B9>Z+XKTZ#XO>(?A[XFUSPM\5_"AUC6=+L?#&K MZE/'9:5XS\"?\(AJ&L6%SX3NK@:EJ3ZE)803@'[)T5^(?[2'[0W_``4/^$'[ M2O[.7PT7QY^SWX?\$?M<_M8_$[X,_#"T/PB\0>+-?\%_"SPE\#?'GQ,\+>+? M$NN?\+/T*R\2>*];\0>"TM]2TNQTC1+2Q\-W=Q;V\=SK,EG>Q<3^V;^TE_P5 M4_9)_9@\0_M#^*]?_9/MQ\-OA3\)-,\1Z)H?PX\9^)F\;_'CQA\=;[P5XNU/ M1Y+GXCZ*?#OPWL_AS?\`@[4_#VC2#5?$=UXGU'5+6XOS;V21N`?OE17X=_MS M?M#_`/!1']C+]D'XS?'W5?B%^S_XAUWX;?'/X7>'O!4NF?!/Q/J%M\0?A!\6 M_B%\'_AM`VM>%+?XGK?^&/B+X/UWQEXM^SG3-:US2/%::?H\D>F63:BEG'[Q M^SQ\=/VH?BS^T'\6?`U[XSTBR^%W@7X?1:1CQ_\`LX^(OA)\5;;XM:[9^%-= M\.>+?#NCZW\0;NW\;?"F+0-6UG3]4E_L72'_`.$PTW['!K1MI/L<(!^IE%?S M!Z1_P54_;-T[P)\>;OQ)<^"M7^)?@W]M+XG?L??`7R_@GIO@GX%?%3QUX0\1 M>'=%\!^$O'OQ(\2?'MM0^'7B'QW-J\UIJ5TEG?Q6D<9U#PSIVMW42:+=?:7[ M=O[5W[;?['%W\(OVD]=F^&'_``Q1'!I.D_M9:!X<^'.H>,OC?\"]:\1V]KH^ MC^,O"6KS_$#0/#WQ%^'.E^.+^RTWQ;%;Z#:>)[71_M-_H=MJR[I[``_:JBOE MG]F&T_:GA\/:QJ'[4OC7X<^(/$&LZO?WGACP_P##WX=WG@@>#?"IO]0.@Z9X MKOKSQUXVA\1^,'T7^SG\2W&CMIN@VNLI>V^C"[L5CNG^/?\`@I3^U%^T7^RU MXP_8^G^$WBCPH/!_Q_\`VE_!/P`\;^&;[X-ZM\2?&MAIOB;0_%FL7'B;P)_8 MOCOP_+>:[&^AV]M!H-[I&IPW:EC;.)G9``?K117YR_`/]HS]H;[/^U!XF_:) M\#S:)\&_@])8:E\*OBAK'@:_^$WC'XGZ3;^"H_$OC6&Z^%6L>(/$-[I=OX=U MN:/PUX>UZ?4--'BV?S1!I-NUN;F?RW_@GW_P47\0?M>>,/VHOV?_`(J>$H?@ MA^TI\`/&$U[9^$+W0?%>E'7O@9\0()]8^#GQ-T[1O'VF>&]9U)[?3YAX;\9I M]CL[$>+-#O)[1(-(U;3@0#];**_F;U#_`(*E?M9?#Z?]N>U^).O>%[MOV:/V MLM1_9D^$OBKP]^S]I6C_``K\9>(M4^'_`,*_%?PUT#XM^,?%W[1>C_\`""ZW MXN\3_$/_`(1&;58#8Z'';G3[VSDEU(R:;/[G^UU^WG^V%^RI\;?V)M,\?3^" MM-\#_'GX/_'_`.)OQQ^&WPU^"?B'XV^/?!^K_LZ?#+P'XQ\2>&?A5XITGX@^ M'[;Q)9>(-2\2:HMIKFO>&8+>UTZVCG5F6&8@`_?&BOA?]@'XM?%']H#]GOPA M^T!X[^+WPJ^+'A[XQ65UXV^'4_PD\!ZSX2T;0/!&H:EJ,WAK1-8O->\0ZOJ6 ML^,].T-++3?');2]#M;3Q?:ZQ9Z98PV5O`\OSY_P4H_:B_:/_9<\9_L:3_"/ MQ1X0/@W]H?\`:B\)?LY^-O"^H_!O7?B5XWTW3O$?@+XA^-)_%G@;_A'/&NCW M-_K]M/X,L=,AT.]T*^T^2'4I)Y9HS$9H@#]:Z*_);2OCU^W'J?P?_;5\5:QI M.A_#6S^"&CR^*?V=/BQ\2?@UK'ARY^+6G:'\,=8\7^-;+QE\&+WQW;ZOHND: M#XGMM,T+3/%%AXBT^3Q#:SZ@T&CVLNEFYOO9OV!OVA_B#\8?V2/V8_C3^T)\ M0/AM/\1OVDO`7ACQOI.B>%]`C\!Z7'?^(?"#^+KKPGX8TK5/&'BG4_$EUH^G MVFHWDL\5ZUP;"RN+N>WCBMIRH!^@=%?CO\$/^"HS>//V^?%?[(WQ'\&)X`\& M_$;P5+XQ_8W^(EWH_BW3HOC*_@'6-9\/_%_09]2U_2M-\-ZEJD$=OH'CSP7_ M`,(A?ZO97G@G7(9+V_DU"6SAN>&_:I_:\_;#_9FO/%VCZOXS^%OCCXW?&SXO M>(?!W[!/[)7P=^$UUXM^)OCGP7;VELFD^*OBWXCUOXCZ=#H>@:+=K?:Q\1_' M%IX?TSPSX)\.PPVTHU77+VW@`!^X-%?EEX]_:2_:D^`/[$?_``D'CO4/@O\` M'/\`;B:QU_PJGAWX->&/&K?"D?&:+P]K'BW_`(1E/#&BW_CGXBW.A>#=*LX8 M=:DC$>LWW^AW5W;:);ZD;FV^A/V"OVQ_`O[=G[+OPR_:)\%L--N?%&BQ6/Q` M\%W"2P:W\-/BAI")I_CWX>Z]97(%Q;:GX2\2PZAI4@F!^TV\-O>QN\5S&:`/ MLFBBB@`HHHH`****`"BBB@`HHHH`****`"BBB@`HIDCB-2[$!5!+$]@!G/IC MU+,J@9);C!JF^MRBR+#/BIX-U[X??$/PQHOC/P7XHLGTSQ%X8\0V4.H:/K&G2LIEMKRTG1TD&562% MQLEM[B.*XMYH9XHY4\D\"_LL?!GX<:KJ7B'PKX3O(_%&H^'Y_")\7:_XW\?^ M,_&5CX4FCAB/AK1/&'C3Q/XB\2^'?#Y$%K,-)\/ZGI5E%?6%IJ"0/?V]O=1? M0)U*Q49:[ME&`Q)GC'!_BR6XC/\`#(>&Z`4AU&RPA%W:;7+*K?:(RLC*N\K$ M=RB0[>6V$E!\Q4K0!\;R_P#!/S]E2_\`AU\1?A)KWPJ_X2_X;?%?Q!+XH\=> M$?B%X^^)?Q,TG5_$=SJ/]MW'B>WM_'_B_P`0'0?$\NM*M_+KGAV32]5DNQ%> MMJ+S0QHG0?%G]B?]GSXW_$+X=?%3XF^#M:\1>/?A'-'-6U#0IY]*U'5=-TZ+5=0TV66SN]0G5U\OZG M-_"BH\LULB2!#'*92(F+DX^=E$>U@5\IA(?.._:%VFIXIO.4-&T,B,I=)(I# M)&Z@D%D=5PQP"0B[CP=S+CD`\*^$?[-?PB^!VL>/=>^''AC4M-UWXGZII.K^ M/?$.O>.O'_CS7O$U]X=T_P#LK09;_6/B!XH\4ZHHT_3IKFVMX[2\M8$W&62" M29S*,?\`:+_9)^!/[6'AO3O!WQ^\'7WC_P`*:5JECKEKX:;QU\0O"N@MK.E: ME;:QI.IWNE>"?%7ARRU6\TK4[2VO=,N=8@U">PN($DM6B@"/Y20I# M.I5LJ6)XH`^0V_8-_9IE\3:[XZN_!OBK4_'WB#P=/X`NO'NL_&/XU:QXZT_P M9>7-O=ZCX:\->,]4^(EYXG\':9K-Q:VDOB*#PAJ^@CQ&;2WCUIKV.&V%OP>O M?\$OOV)_%.G_`+/^E^(?@Y=ZG:?LJS2S?L\&3XJ?&:&[^$T\U_;ZH][X.U"U M^(EOJ6F:A'=V=A#9ZE)>W>H6.F:=::/;7,6DQK8C[[-U$JB1YH$A8#9(TA1' M+8V;)'58V+`C:BERW56/2HH[^UF?RH;JUEE"EV2*59#&BDJS'826PP/#"(<$ M%N":`/DSXQ?L+?LW?'GQE\-/B!\4_!?B+Q3XQ^#]ZFJ_##7C\7OC+H5SX!UB M*TBL#K7AB'PYX]TNST_7;VQB%AJFN0VJ:KJNGR75EJ=W>VEY=6T_0_M#_L@_ M`C]JWP19_#3]H#P3>?$;X?6-Q97:>$+OQ_\`$?0-#U"[TF2SN](NO$5KX7\6 MZ.OB6[TZ^T^UNK.^\0#5[BUN-\]NDN`#Y.^*G[$ M/[._QS^&GA;X/_%[PAXD\=?#;P=>66I:+X5UWXM?&"YMWU/3]9L?$.FZCX@U M"'Q]:ZIXQO-"US2]-U3PW/XQO->;P[\6W'Q!OOAUK'PF?QEKOQA^,GB?Q!IGP^U[5=/US5?#OA_4_$_CS6;KP_% M%_+DN;5'*QNJO,J.R2-M1]C,&"DY5"`RR/\JN#G`!^?$' M_!*C]A>'P%\0?A>WP4N;CX??%3Q>?B%\1/"-]\7?CKJ>A^+_`!])J5GK$OC/ M6++4/B?<)/XGDU/3[*[N=>4Q:E?-`(KB81$JWL7QE_8F_9U_:%^$.F_`;XU> M"M;^(7PETRWM[9/!FO?%+XMR6&J6]G=Q7UA!XHN+7QO;:IXQ2QO8+>YLY/%N MI:[+;26MN(G*QH%^I#J=BH^:\M%.2"6N(PF0>=K%ANQT;`&UOEY-.^WVID6( M75J)'(5%:=`SLP#($4D&0LO(C4Y8+]32!BS".7Q!XOUC7=?O#"SLL#W^HW9CA_=)M&"/!?C]^Q7^SO M^TWXC\!>*_C1X*U?QCK?POU[3_%7P^N4^)?Q4\+6OA#Q7I/FG3?%6A:/X+\: M^'-&LO$]EYLD5OXA%C+J\<,GD"Z$$<4:?4+7]M&ZQ2SP)*Q`6,S1J[;FVY". MR.4#GRMX4AI,;1R%JQ)*L(WRO%'&%W,\CF-5SP-SLNT`G`!8J22%`Z,0#YZ^ M,7[+WPB_:`\`V'PM^+GA_7O%7@'3#IYBT!/B7\3]"&HMI2V7]G2:_J7AOQAH MNL>)I[.2SCN8[KQ%J&HRMJ"G4G#7[/=R^9:A_P`$^OV5]3^/R?M2W/PYUA?V MA!X5LO`G_"V;3XL?&/3/%B>"K"TM[*'PN;K2_']E"VBR6]L&NM.2!;.]O)[N M]OH;NYU'49KG[);4;)5R;NV&!DDS1`$`@.0"XP%.1R202N>?E,LES#$8EDN+ M='GW"%&D53*RX;$66W2L$9"8T1B6UEGBU` M6UO]A::2UGN89NED_P"")-:^ M._Q^UW4?A]I.IZ?;:3JVF>&Y-4^)\\5AIFJ:5:VNF:QIX@:VUBRLK:'4$N8H M88X_M][ZVA8+//#$VW=M>4(P4$@NR2B-TCR.)"A3.1G(--;4+41>=]IM3#N" M&4SJ(5E+!-C3#=&I+LH`8AB?EVYY4`^?/V+/$=AX>?4]0N[B_OTT*VL! M=W\!:MI*Z+J^CV_COQWXL>*/#/B'2?%6JV.HV$\]M MJD6I:S=1ZBCEM1AOI")$^68O^"7'[%EO;_#FW@^%OB6*+X/>&-6\%?"F"/XZ M_M"P6GPZ\):]H#>%]8\.^#H(?BN!H.D:IX?=]$U&ST\P+=Z5++:NQ#,7^T/B M5\3/`GP@\&^(/B+\3O&'AGP!X`\):;)K'BCQEXOUBRT'P[H&F1.L37NJZKJ$ MUO9V=N9Y8(%EEE`,TT<0!>6,&.Y^)W@2T\%6OQ'N_&GA:Q\`7VAV'B>T\:ZA MK&G6/A>;PYJUK%?:9KD6MW=[!82Z=>6EY87-O<&>.&XAN4,$LCNL8`/C[Q!_ MP3$_8L\66_[/]OXD^#MYJ7_#*L4T7[.EP_Q9^,\>H?!\SWUC?M=>"-6M?B#: MZGI.HJVE:/:G5EN7U-]+TG3=%:ZDTG3K"UM^ZU_]@W]F7Q+\9K[]H?4_`WB- M/C=J/@RQ^'=W\3-(^,/QI\-^*F\"Z<_G6WA*#4/#?Q`T@6VA-/\`Z3?6=M!$ M-3OU34-2%Y=[IC[;\/\`XX?"WXJ?V@/AYXX\/^*;C2(_P!I#X)>$/%<7@GQ/\4O M`NA>)VN[73KG2]1UVV@_LS4KZ%+C3M-UJ_9_[-T'4M6AFB.D:;K=S87^J;XG MT^VNUN(\`'A'@+_@G%^R3\+_`!3X8\9^`_AUXFT+Q%X-U?QMK_AK4'^-WQYU M=M+UOXCV\4/CG58[76_B;J6GRW_BD1!-_%/Q3J_C?X@I8>.?B/K=AXL\8:_*M;TCQ3 MXQUS1[KQ1JDUM`;[Q%'8V^LSJCI]O'F2,_T1XM\<^&_`?AZ[\5>,-=T/PYX= MT^));[7=:U6RTC1[:.5A'`\NHZG<6EJAN9Y+>WMH6E#3W%Q#;PO)-/`DG/?# M[XR?#KXJ0:A<^`/%^@>)HM)E2'5;>PO2NK:5+(C/''JVBW<=MJFD^>$D>U.J MVME)<)%,R0A())``>IT5XS\1_P!H#X.?"#6_AUX;^)_Q.\"^!-?^+OC#3?A_ M\,=$\4>(M/T?5?'?C;6KJ.RTCPSX8L;R>.ZU?4[^]EAL8H+2"5UN[JSC=5:X MC5O8XW#KG(/K@$8R`P&#S]UAGISV'2@!]%%%`!1110`4444`%%%%`!1110`4 M444`B?$30?%GP$UO7?B7XL\*?"3]J/]F.;Q1H&D^(K3PC8>&6\/3>)/!7A87-DO MAZ.75M-N2LEO"IR&!'1C@X^4\CD5');+)&8V(8 M'CYE+9S]XN"WSL3RI^4*0,JZC;0!_.#_`,%%_`'PP\-_MN?\$Z/#?PL\%Z%X M?T[P=XA^-(^/%Q=_"WXF^*OA)HGP_N_A7&G@*T^)P\%-H^BZG8OXA60>&K>; M6EOK#5&BGECC0LLC_`/[#'@3]LO]BC]L_P"`NEZGK_P^^,GBKXF>+K^'XN^# M-#^)O@GX8^&?BJFI0>)/A[XT_9WMO%>J:?KD7P^O/!>F_#G1?&FE:'JIT>]D MB\1Z%>7^I:F=9N-0_HZCMMN-\K2'<&)("DD;@#D=U!&R3F8,JEI7`"AWD+\W MW69B&8NA;+`Q_P"V#M(0KM))&X?,=N"`?RI>!/@C_P`%`_C?)^R%-^T/X#U- MOA)^U[\(YOV8_P!I;X,:3=7FB:)^ROXC^!6H:_K?@G]H+P1-9Z-HNI>'];^* M/@;1?B3II:U.DVFG:SX^\-P6FJ:A%I?AN*?^H?PCX-T'P-X6T7P9X2TFVT+P MSX>TZ'2=&T>WDF:"QTVW4I!:K)<27DTGE*VWSKI[J:51(9WDDD+'I4M@CJPD M=MIR`^&Q\NTE.`L9*X#%%&X%RVYWWBS0!_+C^V/^S_\`"?\`9^_X*"^#]-\# M-XYG^"?[<>D>(?AO^V9\.+3P%\3O'OACX+):Z1-KWACXZ?#3XAZ38:O_`,*4 MUSQ?JERGA"_T[2;FTT*&^O5\8V5GHNMZ;]M3[>^,'P6M?A-^T/\`LL^&M6\) M:Q;_`/!,;PE\&_'UC<^#O"%KXM\4Z!I/[2&H>(=!G\">(_C99Z5#J_C37/!E MSX-EUR+P_KOB`ZSX>T[QI'QA>?#CPE%HUU\3 M]$\`ZI\2#I%Q\+]-O;"&:SOK7Q#JND6-AX?N]*FN?SJ_917QCX+L?^"4\'Q- MN/B+X6\$W.C>%O$_Q4^*?PM^#?C[P5\5O!_Q4^&/A0/KGP-_:V?7+?7]?U[X M4_$Z"]U&Q\2>+FTW2M-UZXC_`+-FM++S+76S_9$;<-O#,65PZLA`*&,Y"QE& M+*4",RD%<,79@$!"!3"Q+%I-P8J=K(I";79@4(((=05VL2Q5D5\$\``_B(^, M=UJ7AGXZ_P#!2WQ?\)_@GXB^(W[-NI_'#]DB+Q)X*L/`WQUT+XB>/OV==:T+ M1O#WQMB_9'\0?\(^VE:!J>C?$;4+36_&-SX2MK_7=7T^75KW0I_#T>G0:Z_] M2OP8_:6_9]@^+WPY_9.^$OA#QOI%KX@_9_U[X]>`M=B\`^(]&^&4O@_PWXYT M7P-XC\-MX@UZ&UNK;Q_IFO>(M)OM5\/ZA:KJ<=A?6UY``^-?^"FFG?" M_6/V/OB[I'Q1T[5]0L]5\'^)-.\,CPSI'C#6/&%KXLO-$O8-*N_!T/@/2=8\ M46OB:$R2MI5_I5LMS9S@7$;,T8C?\:?V//@%\=?!G[7G[.O[/_Q]\*ZQ^UU^ MS%X2\*?$7XD_LJ_MT>(=,UF+Q19_#+1O"MWH^B_LU?M"Z==V]E=WGC;X<:WJ MD&K>#_$_BB&-_$,%K))'9G5["W&F?U'R1%V1U8(R*Z@E=WWRF>C*<`+G`(.\ M(V<(59K0`QA-YXXS@8"YSY:JNT"-1\JKDC:J*^]0P<`_D,U[P[X;U#]J'_@J MW>>`]$\$Z;\(?$EQ^SA%\$H/BC\&/CWJNG^(Q%\(M%C^/X_9^U>RGTJUT#6K MCQ$WB2TEO='T37[.X\;SZ)/;(D<1$GU/^U7^RCXXTOX5_P#!./\`;G_8*\&> M-];^(7[.VF_!WPZWP8^+Y\:V/B/XN?!/XJ>'_!OPRTN'XQ:7=V^L:I#\0?A- M8ZIHWC:^USQ%HFI>*O#\>F>(I1?6VHPR2'^DHVB?+ABK(20R[@?F!7DEB?E3 M:J8*A&4%0%)2G+"RY'F;E*@$.I8NQ7:Y<[P-C`*WEQB,!]Y)*OM`!^!_[&_[ M'_QME_:I^)G@?]K_`$_6/B_X1_8]^(=_\0/V5_VC/%5Y=6>M?&/0_CRDWBS3 M_#GB6VTN+3['4K?]GS68_%^DV=CJ,GB"V^W>(-!,4>F0^%]*>_\`VR^)?PZ\ M'?%3P)XB^'7Q$TB/7?!?BO3FTSQ#I<\]W;BZL99(]JB_L;FRO[.:TF,=U;WE MG/;W$$T*-`\97YN_C@*,6WY!9W8!=NYWV_,3N).T;U`;<-GE*?FA#LLL/F_\ MM'3H#LVY(!+<%U<(=P1@Z!7!08;I@`_EQ_8*_9Z^"E]^TO\`$[]CGXDGQO\` M%OX'_LM?$?2/B=^QQ\1O'/@3XL>%M9^(L_CKP[J&K>(?`'C3XHWEIINF_%_2 M/@-K$FK:5I_]LWR0^*;]](U/Q!9:G<^&=+D'TQ#X=CL/%G[;=K^W=X;^*'B7 MXIZU\7?&9_9#O_"'A[X@^)+.3]GDZ'X?M_@MH/[.=_X$TR31O#7C[0]5,%KX MV:.33?%,?C>)?%7BJ2X\-K9:G'^^26D<;[@25!4HK?,4(.2=S$Y8DL"VT-AB M"22Q9S6^Y@V_H3P41PRX.U&W@MM5F+_NVC;<%PP7N^"E_X.TSX@_\%"O"_P"TFGBO M0[33/AOH7@CP#X&\"_##QI8_LM_&K1D\*ZIXQ\(_&KX9^'=$TCQ%J]C\9X[J M[N?"GBOPY%JK>(?#6W3]*N1K=ZNG:C:_U`&V4G);L,$``YP06Y)`8[GW%54E M7*G(I!:J"V"NUPJ.HC4;HT;*1[AAO+52ZA&+)ER0H0O'(`?QE_\`!-^Z;1_$ M7_!.[P=^UI\%=:U/X5W'[-WC"_\`#7C9O!7QPM_$?PR_:JT_4XK/Q]8?M6VN MN:#/<>+=3\8^&KG3+SX=Z]X@33?!VAZSS&['\.-A"F/85!JU0!^=O_``5HT>T\1?\`!-S]L_PY+X?E M\5:CX@^`7C_1/#?AVT\/77BG4M7\6ZIH=[8^%;/2-$L;'4;V[U9]>N+!M.>U MM7FL[A5OA);I;27$7R%\4/AS\2_B/^RE_P`$HO&GA#P[XB\:_#?]G_Q[^S;\ M0/VCOA/I^@WMWXE\3^"?"GP=U7P?.9?`.K0VUSXCU'X3_$Z\\.^.KSPU+9R: MV6\'37?ARPOM:M[33KK]RFA1W\PJN\(4#XPX!R1AUPX`))QNX."NTYS`MFH5 ME>5Y%?.\.J,6!5UVDE2=F';*$D`$I'Y<9V4`?E)KNC>(/V@O^"C/[)WQV^`M MIK5C\*/@E\(?VC/#G[0_Q*N?#NH^$=$^*-O\28?AQ!\*/A)IUSJ]GI^M>-[C MP=XB\-Z]XZOD%I/X=\(RF$C4H]8UA=-E\$_9WTB_^`/['W[07[+G[2'P^\7_ M`!+_`&A?&?CS]I:77].LOAM>^*YOVKKKXG>(M'- M7\/Z#JE_XOUG2IO!$N@W.D^)KC0],T**];]W(H$B#@%CO*DMP&^10BY8`$X5 M0.><`#.``(OLZ?X@O_LT=SKMO'!_PDGA^SFN-+CMC]")H7C'XU_\%(_A9^TA M\"M-U'3_`(.?#C]EGXP?#SXL>.-6T[6/`WA[XT>-/%_B/P7JGPB\&VMW=Z9# MK7B]/A?-HOC#6=3U5]%NM$\''Q-)'HM[=:_J.H:;8?K8T2N1NQ@-N*@':Q[% M@Q<.0,8W!E#`,%#`$,%NH8MD@D%-2_9#^+7BSX;_#KXA?&W4O^"A7[&OC?Q+XST#XA?%CQG%H/@KX3 M_$.T\27'A_3]#LO@';Q?"_X#^%A&NN>)I["YO-3GNY[OQ'J47B_7UBF@_HL^ M!-S\3KWX/?#:]^--KH%C\6[SP3X7N?B59>%;M[_PS:^-YM$LG\3P^'KQ[>U: MZT1-8-V-*N&@B::Q\B1HH"Q@C]5,(+!B\@(W=&(!#K@Y`.W<#RK[=R]`>M$, M*PJ5&"69F9L89LGC<1D%ON;AN7* M!C("PW(,,5#.!O)&`H4Y)()!P6(4KN^5"'R`5/3<,9H`GHJO]H&3E&`'5_E9 M!UX8J6(P%8LP4QKM(+YP#&M[$S;1D-O$9[J)"!B,.NY7;YD!*%EW.H5G)H`N M456%RI.-C=PHR0"%+#<69MBC"ALKNX:1-Z#!(+*":D%RK*6525RH4_WBP&,@!B MJY(^<@KMPX.P[J`+-%5UN8V3S`&X7<%V\[V41Y^4N"":D9@H M+'H/3W./_P!9/`&22`":`'456-RH)!1^&V\)(QZ@$X5"<*Q``RLR;D+J>"B,[$]!CF@"S15;[5'DA06(QD#&X!LD%AT0;1 MD^84*`@R!`0::+R,N%`)S*8/_`!E\/?`WQ)M])^&T/B'X+ZA\"H/!6E6N MEMX5OSI>B>((?$OB:7Q;IIU5I_$GVFY\JXL8[<"'XJD^.9U'_@JI^TW\+OCS M^V/\2/@O\/?!'Q5^#^E?!+P'HW[3EK\.[+Q`VI_!/X*>(E\&VWP-O/A9J,?B M_P`,^*/&NO\`B+-*\.?$KXRZ=86GB?] MG>;X5:`WP\3PCX,T[PQJ_AZW@\<^+FURSL;?Q8;NRC4Z>W](\<.GI*;B*UM_ MM3KN-RL$<4KHP1BXN-RS,I1T?+,^X9",2CJD7DZ5%-YXL+:.Y(+>8+&&.;,C M/%D3NA+/(J/NW2`K"0TXB5T)`/YZ?^":NG_MY^.=<_9/^-/C2_\`VLT^'WBC MP'JWB;X\:]^T!\>_A;XX^%7Q"T[Q)\.;IO#I^&/PC\+VR^./AWXA;XCW'AS6 M]*A\2+"-$\*Z?K7A_47%_>0A;OP^_:._;PUGQ7\`M'\0>'H(_@[XA_X*@_'G MX6:E\7S\4+V?Q]XK^'/A_P`;_M(V>@?#_P`0_"6;X;6MMHW@/28/#^C:1::S M!X\NY+O3/#VE:BEJ8KUHF_H7CN;:-`D2[(U(1%5%C`?Y?W0B(C:.0!@3&R*R M_,I&Z.15:?L07;Y4*>6QNMJP(?+8,_\`I"EDVF?"2/O4EV525#-@$`_GB_:, M^/=WH7Q5_:D/QV_;._:4_9?^*OPX\;76D_LB_`WX3>'()-#^)?@X^%?#,O@3 MQ1X:\!GX8>++S]J37/&OC6\N_P#A*=$MKW5[7PQ=01^&9K/0[:&]U"YL_'#] MH7_@IYX#^,_[-GCSP)X1B^($OA+]@71_C'^V)^R3I&C/9W_C_7M3\7>'M&\> MW/P3OI7G&G?&+X<75Q>7'A/PIJ6J-:^)M'2^\-WDAOIK"=/Z#F>PG-O-4`C#.3Y2&2I_,MR6G95%Q$&1I`D8D2-0 M)'4R'YO).4D*GYB""H8XR`?S@?&W]IOX^2_\$?/V'/C>GQ/\?>`_B!\5/B%^ MSG#\5?'.K^.'^"OBZW\*>,=3UQ_$\/C7X@'P=XV;X9*Z6MG:^(=;/@_6I=%E MMA82V,TAEF'VI\#?B=\.(OA=^RM=?#K]OKQ[XTLO&O[2>F^&=>U37M?TS]IV M;XH>-KSX97NK^(?V:?\`A93>`]%_X1[PQISPCQ18^,H]*\,:E&VFQHUU;)K0 MT\?K0Z65Q"89K:VDMW8_N)K>&6,L%20DP9"JQ:4*/&DNC_L?VWPT^(US#?MOXZ\?\`@KX9>&=0\9_$'Q/HO@_PKI;V<5_K^OW]OIVF MV\VHWMOIVGV[7%PZ*]S?ZA=VMC96T8>>[O+B&VMXY)I$0Y^J_$'X=6>H:;X? MUCQ9X1M-6\1P0S:/H>JZ]H5IJFNV\_F"VETW2+^Z2]U*&X,,R0/!;R1L8)B& M"1.Z@'XR_P#!(G7+S7IOVD=7L_VBOAYX]\,W4'@^7P]\!_A_^T_\6OVNC\'+ MBU@\903^+-6^+?QILK;QHFI?$2S&F1RZ%ILTGA"QE\,-<:9;V6J:AJD`Y[QC M\._C?K7Q5U/Q/XYL/A5X0O]7TCXR>)_@9XJOO$_C'XJQ::K M>,_C;I=OJ'B#X=^#!8)=W?CWQ"EC->#PKI][8Z8T&MW&D30_NXEQH6G7UOI< M+:5::EJ4%Q=6]A&MG:7U[;6?E+=SPVX=&O(K0SP).T=5 MM[:XNB1#'O(!_/M^SAJ.@ZK_`,$]_P!JG_A/OCSX8^.*^(/&>?@?\._@7\(_@O\7-1\*Z##\*O`WPW^-GQ/MK+XK^)?B9J_Q6M8?&.@KJ#76E^$ M[V_CN-,U6/PTFI2VGZF_M`Z9\:=1_P""='Q1T;7/&1\!_'^7]E?7+35O'_A\ M>*6_X1OXH/\`#R1-:\0Z._@31]8\9A[+Q!'>7D3^$?#E[K<$3#^R+%IDAKZZ M\+>,?`/B2^\3:7X8U?P_J6H^!_$C>%_%FFZ7):/=^&?$R:7I^K_V=K5G"1+I MVI/I.KZ9?6ZW-M;S2Z?J%I=0^9;7,[ED2&UCEFS'0!_.W_P`$L?B9HEQ^ MT+J?PXT2_LOC);>+O@=JWB37?BQ\(_VO_P!M3]I7P'\,8]*UKP]:V/@CXG6W M[2-E;^$_!WQ*\92ZK?7FA_\`"+ZAIWC..V\.:^-3\/:3I4=IVU'XI>,[ M+3_BIXW\5V0\*?!NX@L_AIX>U/P\MO9ZSXZ7QT\]Q<1>'-.2OV$\0>+_``#\ M/K2.]\6>(_"O@>QOKY[6WN]>U72/#ME?WQB-P889]2EL(+F[>-7=($>6X=8I M9!"T<%M$&O:SKOA[PWX95()5UO4]5TK1]"1+XQO#(=0N;BWL% M%T\\9BD$Y%TTB?9S*73<`?S/_$+]J3_@H3JW[;'[+WQ*^+W[,_[8?PJ^'5G^ MTSXB^'7@7X"?"^+X57GP]\:?#N\^%WQFO)?%?Q1\2M\6(-2\:_$G5+O3_"/B M.RT2XLO#_@+P1H?A[48-,EU_Q1=/;7G]`/@?XH_%WQ/\6?%W@+Q;^S?XO\!_ M#W0[?4Y_#GQFU7QS\-=8T#QM-I^I6%E86NG>%/#7B/4O&&C_`-M6DU_JB-K^ MF6:6MO8&TO"EQJ%O;1^W:=J^AZ_8V>KZ1?:?K>F7EO#J&FZIIEQ::EI]U!-Y M@M[W3]0MI)K6XBD$4ACGMYI(G5<+)N=%?.\2^./!W@^QBU'QAXIT#PCIMQ$-*L([G0['1M;C@DTWP[X>CN+N-)+""2%OE#]BCQI\7S\#/V^ M/&7[/7QY\!_$;QQ;_`JXU;X(_LU?#O\`:@^*_P"VMJ_PZ\?Z7IOQ"71_&VK? M$#XSZ=:^)U\5>+E;0+"U\#^&9+OP9+JOAZVNH;>VO=4DAN?Z1X;[1[VQ2>S> MTO=,OPMRDUM';W%E=+>M$T4ZO&LD4T5V;F)XY@)%F1_.W>3F2J&FZKX4?39] M:TC4-`DT>T>]CN]5TJ:R?3X/[*GEM=12YU&SF6S1-+N+:>"_69E6SFMI(KCR MI8B@`/YM/!/Q#^#VF>/?V6[K]@?]IC]JO]H/]J?Q=\0='L_C9\-?BO\`%#XS M^._#]Q\.K@37?Q@U[]ISX=?$")/"_P``-2\$^5%/X-30=&^%UZOCQ=*\,V&G M:W9W1LH/*-/^*?A.T^#WPV\9^`_VE/VP?$W_``5_U#Q3X`MO$O[/^L^/_C(( MV^-]UK&EQ?$[X4>-?V9[_3;;X8^$OV9-",_B33E\=6?@72--L?A]I&E>(=*^ M(SZM,FH:C_4MX3\5^`_&4%[K7@?7_"_BFUCN&L]0U+POJ6CZU$+L)'));3WV MCS72^CSZ5J-M=+OM=7TU[>[BN84D,3 M"&_M9I!,@:-XWVRE0Z-'(FY74`&E"[.S$LQ&%^4JH4$JK;HV4?.C!A\P>1?, M$B!EV;:L444`%%%%`!1110`4444`%%%%`!1110`4444`%%%%`!1110`4444` M?%W_``49\">./B?^PA^UI\._AII&HZ_X_P#&GP)^(/ASPAHND0FXU+4M>U70 MKFUT^TL[=;S3GGFEFD4"%+ZT>49C2>-F##\T?BQ^QE\5?V9OV(]8^!/[&/P= M^&UI^UO^UWJ7ASX*_$/XR_!WPGK_`,&/AYX$\%WFH^(+C6OB5XNDU'Q/\6M? M\"Q^!/AKJ/B+0-%U?3IO'%_)X]UC3]6M_#.J0R)H]?O^0#U&?K30JC&%48P! M@#@`@@#CC!4$8Z$#'04`?S2_"']F[]O'X-_L6?$_]BSQG\-O$GBFQ^%/[0?@ M7X@^%V^$7QW\0>(Y_BM^Q?XT\9V_B?QW\!OAS\:/&VB?"#QC-\3_``3+9^*_ M#UW8^(M*\!6^L^$+W2-'L_%H.M7EZ=KQ?\%?`FJ?LH?MD?#/]EO]AK]NC]FG MPY\1K#X36LEAH5CX5T>7QM?Z7>!_$'_"`_`GQK\:'LG\.:7X?LHM+^+FCN?` M%Q\7/#E]<>&]*U:]OK2RNK7^D#:O`VK@$$#`X(.01QP00"#UR,T;$Z[5R<9. MT<[<`=NP50/3`QT%`'\J?P8_9Y_:@TC]G/\`;#^'/@?]G*3P%X$\5:)^SYJ7 M@J71/A%XR_9R\6>)OB=H/Q7T^?QQ;:-\'/$O[17QPTRUT&R\"VFFZAK'C'1K M3X;C7=:?4;*]TW6AI$.H6WU3^VS^S'_P42^(G[?-U\;_`-B?XM:9\(O^$<_9 M9\$?"FX_X6:GB"\^"'CZV^(OCSXG6'CK4OL_ARY.H'XE_!'39/!OQ(\$^7I? MV;4+M?[%OKJSM]1L5D_H#"(``$4`=`%``Z=./8?D/05P=O\`%#X8W:Z,;7Q] MX*NE\2ZYJGAKP\8/$FBS+K_B31VU!-;T#1C'=L-5UK2FTW5!JVF67GWU@;"_ M^V0Q?9;C8`?AS^S!^RW^T?\`!WX#_L%?##QA<_%'XB^)O@Q_P4>^/WB'XD?$ M7Q;),_B7Q1\*I$_:NTO0/BMXS8:E>*ND>-AXE\):U;1[[RWMI/$&G_8XHY!" MZ_6O[.OB[QW\,_VM?VQ_AMXR^"OQ\N-,^,G[3%A\0?AI\5+'P1'J/P(-> MLOBY\,[S1/">HQ:5XIUFV\;^&9]*\-:M<71LX-.U_48M2>TT?4+B]5K6&TU" M:WN)KI'ACC:5&4;47Q.^&<_B6;P5#X^\%2^+[7[3)<^%$\2Z*WB*V^QV%MK% MV]QHHO#J,!M=+N[35+@RVR&&PN(;Z3;;NLI`/YZ/V4_V?[/P=_P4%_:-\;_' MS]C[XA>*/$OB?]L7XP>,/@+\;;?]GG7KZ+P?I6N^.;^Z\(^-=7^/Q^+-YHEY MX(E\.RFUT;1;7X6Z9-X6M;D6^H7FKJDN?V?_`&2-+TO3/AKK]OI'@GX^?#^T M;XR_&&[?0?VBO%$_BSQW=W-W\1-;N9_$6E:G<^,O')@^&OB6:4ZU\,]'.L6R M:1X+NM'LHM$T;R1ID'O&F?$_X9ZY)X<@T;Q]X*UB3QC;Z[<^$HM+\2Z+J+>* M+3PQ<)9^)+GP^MI>3'6;;P_>31VFM3:>+B+2[J1;:]:"9@AI^-/C%\)?ASJ6 MC:1\0OB9X"\#:MXA;9X>T[Q?XLT+PY?ZXXN8K0IHUMJ]]9SZDXNY[>V*623, M+BYMHB!)<0K(`?,?[9_PS\;^*=9_97^(GA;P]=^/?#_P(_:'T?XC>//AK8-: MR:MXF\.7O@OQIX(AUW1M,U"2'3M;UKX;:YXMTKXB6FDW%Q#<7,/AN[_L?[5K MB:;87?XS_MV_!#Q)\?OVPOB7IOC/]ESQ]X0^%-AJ/PRTMOC;\"_V+O"GQE^/ MWQ?L/#VDV/B`ZSX5_:9\0>-+34?@I8Z+K-Z?#.FM\/O"T7CC2)?#DVN?\)0+ MC4-'M;/^BKQO\;O@O\-_[+'Q(^*_PW\"?VY$;K1!XU\:>'/#/]LP1R11-)8OBG\.W\.:5I^A:QJOB M!/&/AXZ)IFF>)[2*^\,:EJ&JC4/L%E9^(K">"]T&ZN9XH=7LY8KG3GN('1R` M?+7Q*^'_`(TU?]OW]EOXCZ=X>U2Y\#^$?V>OVK_#7B;Q.MM"^E:%KOC#Q1^S MK>>&-/OKGS1B[UJ#PYXBN=-B6*02VVG72LR*9UK\?/'_`,&/$7Q<_P""@'B3 MQ+XY_99\;QKX4\$>+M1\/W;ZEI'PY\/>%)Y?AQ?7>@>*6U@ZSJ83^C]_B/\.TU+4- M(D\;>$DUC1]:T/PWJFFRZ]I::CIGB+Q/#!/X;T"]LWN5N;36]?AO+>31=*FC MCO\`4TN(S903!QEFF?$SX;ZXT$>B^.O!^LM=^(M1\(6Z:5X@TG4C<>*])M[R M]U;PS$+*ZG\S7],M+'4;W4=(7-_96ME?W5S;QPVES)&`?('PN\`>-=4_;9^/ M?Q]?PGJ?@7X?2_#'X??`W2[?Q#Y5AJGQ7\7^`/$_C'Q-J/Q,M=&MIKJ0>'-' MT?QJW@CPIK6IFWU;7S9>(&2QM_#EIH&H:I^2/_!53]D#_@IW^T9XI^)'BRRT M/X"_&?X%^`?%/PUU?]E7X*:3\7?B9X&\2:#K%GXP^'L_B#XD_$7P/9?`[7M. M^(WQ%M)K7Q#:Z'+?_$VU\)^!_!=]K6J^'M$N_%DD$ES_`$.77QC^$%KXVA^& ME[\4/AW;_$600M!X"N?&/AV+QDXGC2XMVB\,2Z@NM'SXF2>`K9?O8]LL>Y1N M'::IK6B:)IUYK&LZC8Z3I6G0RW=_J6IS16-C8VT`83W5Y=71BAM8+=%=KB>9 MTCMXDDDF=(T=@`?SO_\`!1_X!_'7XU?'+]G+QI\2_A'XAO/#7@S]G#Q+H^OZ MC\$?@7\,?VY?"D7QI\>>)--E\9^#3\,/C]I6B:9HND^'M+\%Z/?>"/C-#\.[ M+Q+KMMK.L>'+RY\&064EGKOG'PQ_9I^*GP[^$_\`P3XU#]M+]D7QQ^UG\)O@ M?\$OC/\`"VZ^"^C^%O"?Q,\1_#/X@7?Q:M[GX.?'/Q_\&/%7Q"U;1_$6K^*O M@;H^G>']9T'0=5\A^&M,AT:>6>R_I#\'?$OX:_$+1Y=?\``'CO MP7XW\/V<\MK/K/A#Q'HWB32+2XM$+SP3:AHUW>6=O);(NZ5))D,*X+!01FKX M+^+GPG^([:PGP\^)/@+QV_A^X%OKZ>#?%F@^)GT6ZYB\C5DT6^O6TZ=1$RM' M>"%XUC;>%5#@`_(/]CSX5?M.>`/#/[2GBG]F'X-_#G]DCX:_%C]H'1?%7P._ M9\_:#T'4X;'PAX$L/AUIVB>//&T/@CX3>*KVU^'%[\5O'=K;>(]*\!VNK)I6 MBZ99/>WVG:-K6OFS@\Q_X*>_`?XR_&7XI_LN:_XL^'GC+Q/X6^'7PL\?6/BO MQ!\'/V>/AA^USX8NOBQXZB\/VFJZ/>_`#X[:K=:-X:TBSL-#GU7PG\3F\/Z_ MXCM[.\U'PK_;6B75S)#K/[O_`/">>`FT*Q\5#Q?X5;PUJ5S96NF^(QKFEMH= M]>:E>_V7IT%GJXN387%Q?ZB1IUE'#)[OX:6GAG7/AWX&_:-T#X*?$+QEI^JV!\9Z/X?@N M8OAUHD:>'OAOJ7A^2TLX-$/V7_@Y^U#^SS_P2T_:C^"?Q`_8U^$^LG2?B/\` M'VP^"O[/GA77/&OQCTWQ9X9\>?'#QI*TWB7PKK_A#X;76N^!_#]AK<'B;PU; M:1XCF\0_$#P/ID%SJ<_A37[X6$?]&NU?[J]^P[C:?S7@^HXZ4T1H"6"(&8Y8 MA0"QXY)QDG@Q^&?PT\%Z[KUIXAU^WL];N+7Q;XN\2:IJ_B MB]MHO#&G7FNZA865@8?L[_@F7\/O''PJ_85_9W^'_P`2/#FJ>$?''AOPMK=K MXA\.ZW$D.K:9=W/C7Q/J$4=_'&S(MQ/9WEM=-@_,)PQ`9B!]V;5P1@8.`?B=HSV>KZW;Z'JNE?$M&MK76+^XUBXMOZTZ9Y4>0= MB\=.!QWX'0$'D$8(.<=30!_)M\:O^")/QH\2^'/@7\`?AUIVGVGP,^+G[-G@ M71OVXO%8\::3X=UY_P!HC]G>S^(GQ(^$WBS3--L99+_4+CQI\IY//-(8(2"#$F M#G(VCG=G.?4G)Y/(R<4`?S9_\$X?^"<_[3O[#?Q+^-Y\3>#M-^)GPC_9"^%7 MBSP'_P`$S-"7Q]IYU+QM;_'[6&^+GQXT[6=;USQ)K%]X%U.W\;^$O!7@&UU# M7-(\/:+J&G2WNKV=D%%\K[?[;W['O[0GQ_\`VB=%^.MC^RQXVU#5O%?[-GP\ M^'7B>+P;\4/V)_'?AK3=36[UKQ%KWA+Q[X'_`&L_A-XVM-'T_P`*:_XKU?2K M;QQ\'+K4[KQGID6H/J_AN\2PT05_1GY4>"-B\XS@`?=.XAYZT&*-L M%D4E3EG?M'7/P M._94U3X7_'?PI\'6_92T?P'KGCV;Q=\)-?N?#UMH'[4.EVND:5\--%1XO\`".GZA\(_&G[.&F^-O&'[/FAZ-H?A&ZGTS6K_ M`$GQOXJ\-^#_`!#J7@;5)-&ET/X2=BY;&>.N,_ MKR^:0P0D$>6@#'YEU'5]3B\27?4_[-'['_[0 M?PJ\#?\`!/7X0^(_ASH=KI/[#/[4WQ3M=6\>Z3XB\*A?BI\%XOV>_C]\.OAW M\;+W2+*[&H1^.?&>I?$3PJ/B!HNI6MOKL_BI/$?B%86TZ]LI6_<;R8L8\M-N MY7V[1M#*058#H"I`8$#A@&^\`:<8HR`"BX7IQTX`R/0X`&>N!C.*`/Y?/'W[ M`?[6;_M3?$_X@_"OX`WOA_6?&'[2VC?'/PU\0?B)XN_8L^,GP'TBYL-?\.// MXRNY/'OP;OOVPO#FN2^'M'N%MO!'@S6;F+P]XB_LFR\'>,M/T&UMKK3OTY_; M`^''[2O[2OP]\2^#;;X&^#[G1/A-^TI\*_&NF_#WQK\1]'?PE^V!\&_!MEIG MBG7/#VIO9:==GP1-?>*KM8]/\,^/[*?2]6U_P9IT&NW5KX9UR:]L_P!1_L\' M_/*/_6>:?E',A4IO/JVTE#?!_B_P[;?\*[AU7P]K?B77CH^O:]J-[I-GOB5 MX@_:G^#OQ=LOV'?`?[!G@WX%>$?B-H'B2[\(>//A=JGB#X[/XQT/2]$T;P2W MA[X+&/1;[X:>'-4M1XRM-<^(E]9^)+;7-)T==*\,V/VS5;J']I?L\&Y7\I-R M?=;:,KU^Z?X<;F`QC`9@,!B#+M'IVQ^&,<^O!Q0!_(+X#_X(<_MC^%?A#\#= M/O/C_P".]4\&_#CX[_!O]J6U_9'O?%.CS:1X=_:#D^._A&[^,.IW7CR.<:9K M7P:\/_"[3?$WC7X=_#.U6"YT[XBZSJ-P;Z[EN+@:W_7W4?E1YSL7.0 GRAPHIC 10 sk_letter2.jpg begin 644 sk_letter2.jpg M_]C_X``02D9)1@`!`0$`8`!@``#_X0!P17AI9@``24DJ``@````$`!H!!0`! M````/@```!L!!0`!````1@```"@!`P`!`````@#`P#$!`@`9````3@`````` M``!@`````0```&`````!````141'05)I>F5R(%-O9G1W87)E(%-U:71E`![_ MVP!#``$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$! M`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0'_VP!#`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$! M`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$!`0$! M`0'_P``1"``]`*P#`2(``A$!`Q$!_\0`'P```04!`0$!`0$```````````$" M`P0%!@<("0H+_\0`M1```@$#`P($`P4%!`0```%]`0(#``01!1(A,4$&$U%A M!R)Q%#*!D:$((T*QP152T?`D,V)R@@D*%A<8&1HE)B7J#A(6&AXB)BI*3E)66EYB9 MFJ*CI*6FIZBIJK*SM+6VM[BYNL+#Q,7&Q\C)RM+3U-76U]C9VN'BX^3EYN?H MZ>KQ\O/T]?;W^/GZ_\0`'P$``P$!`0$!`0$!`0````````$"`P0%!@<("0H+ M_\0`M1$``@$"!`0#!`<%!`0``0)W``$"`Q$$!2$Q!A)!40=A<1,B,H$(%$*1 MH;'!"2,S4O`58G+1"A8D-.$E\1<8&1HF)R@I*C4V-S@Y.D-$149'2$E*4U15 M5E=865IC9&5F9VAI:G-T=79W>'EZ@H.$A8:'B(F*DI.4E9:7F)F:HJ.DI::G MJ*FJLK.TM;:WN+FZPL/$Q<;'R,G*TM/4U=;7V-G:XN/DY>;GZ.GJ\O/T]?;W M^/GZ_]H`#`,!``(1`Q$`/P#^_"BBB@`HHHH`**Y#QQXT\-_#CPGXK\?^--9M M?#O@WP3X9UKQ=XJU_4':/3M"\-^&=+O==U_6;V1(Y62STO2=.O+V]E5':.&, M85<[QX'XE_;/_9C\%_$#P/\`"_Q5\%KSPIH%[=W9DOK?QU/% M9^!C$+3Q)>:?>>)[Z6.ST>"\G8(0#ZKHKY9\/?MH_L MM^+/BMKGP-\.?'7P!JGQ7\-W>HZ;K'A./5TMI%U70[)M0U[2--U2^6VT37-9 M\.V:O=>)M)T#4=2U/P_%&QUFSL5BF*WO@G^V+^S'^T7K>N^'/@K\:_`_Q"UW MP[')H2:='>-I[:[H]M?Q6DGB3PR;^-[./Q5X>74_#LMX&M8]2: M<>70!],45XS#^T;^S]<_%B7X#6_QO^$T_P`;H;+^T9OA#%\0O"U:PO]=GGU6_LM,AC MTVWN6EU"\MK-`UQ/%&P![117S3I'[9W[(>O^+O''@#0_VH?V?]8\<_#+3O$^ MK_$;P?IGQ>\!7WB;P%I7@H.?&.I>,=#MM>DU+PW8>%A&[>(;O6+:S@T=48ZA M);A21FZ?^W-^Q;JW@'Q%\5-+_:T_9PU'X9^$-8T/P]XK^(%C\:?AW=>#?#>N M^)G">'-&UWQ)#XB?2-*U/7W8)HMC?7<%SJC?+8QSL"*`/JBBOF;Q%^VE^R!X M0\.^`/%_BO\`:C_9^\-^%?BO;7MY\,/$>N_%_P`!:5HGQ#M-.NH+'4+KP5J= M[KT%GXGM[&]NK:TNYM&EO([:YN(()F266-6U_!'[67[+GQ,^).O?!OX=?M%_ M!'QW\6_"TNJP>)OACX0^*/@OQ'X^\/3Z%/\`9=:AUOPEI.LW>NZ7+I5S^XU% M+VQ@:SE_=SA&XH`^@J*Y7QGXY\%?#GP]<^+?B#XN\->!_"UE=Z387GB3Q=KF MF^'=!M+W7M5LM"T2TN=6U>YM+""XU?6]2T[2--AEG22]U*^M+*W62XN(HWSG M^*/PUCT7QKXD?Q_X-3P]\-I])='&D>!KGPQIT.K^)+?Q=J/VS[)X M=FT'2KBWU+6(M6EM'TVQGAN[Q88)$<@'=T5Y'HOQ_P#@7XCU2/0_#_QD^%^N M:U-X@T7PI%I.D^._#&H:E+XH\2>$YO'GA_P['96FIRW,FMZWX(M[CQAI.EI& M;W4/#,$VN6L,NF1/#+V^U&PL/%_AG6?#%YJ&B7]SI>LV M%MKNFW>F2WFE:I9D76F:I:1W37%A>PF.XM;J.*6)UD52/PJ^"G[$_P#P4Q^& M7BG3OB)XK^._A;XGZ]IWA'6?%!\$:K\2?'EAX(U+XX^`/`/CCX!?!.+52N@7 M;W'PVUCX:>(?"7Q8^(5G+913I\3?"-E)'I?B?Q#=ZIX[OP#]J_C=\,M)^.?P M<^+?P8UO5+S0M)^+_P`+_'7PRU?4]-CMYM7TO2_'OA35O"M_?V$%[#-:/?V5 MKK$UU#%=1R0&>VM?M4,EN)$;X.\`T/PPN;DW/B#1;#Q)#);>'?%?B^&ZABU3Q'::=/K.GW^F MZ%J&EWUE=:)I7V/XM\0?L#?\%#[3X$>,?@-J_P`5_"OQMTJ]^.OPP^,WAOQ! MHGQY^./[-WB+5+.'P_J^F_%GX?\`B'6YM-^.7B;^PO$GBVVTGXAPZ;:>*-/T M>76/%/B.QT2#P;I_ASP]:/VWQ+_82_X*#^.OA#X.\,>&/VJ;OX*>,O#/["7Q M5^`FIVGP_P#&>I>+]+\:_%+5_$.ER?#.W\3>,?BUX.\8>+_L]GX2TZWT[Q/\ M:O#=SX6^)_\`;4NHWVA&RL[G[*@!]/?\.Q_!&I:GI/@_Q9\8OB+XN_9D\,>) M_'7CKPE^S9J&F^#M.T30O&GQ!LO%5OJ]Z_Q6\/Z)I7Q6UK1M.B\<^+)]"T#4 M_$TCVSZT'O[[5XM.TV*T].^`O[$LOPE^)'A/QWXM^.GQ#^-$'PA^'VI_"OX! MZ!XPT#X=>'8?A=X%UX:5'X@M=0U+X?>&?#EUX_UG5[7POX:TQM<\2(J6=OI- MP;+3S>ZC=W\ODGQF_93_`&E_B/X._;%\+>&_BYJ7@VZ^.?A_]F#0_A1XAT+X MB^*-&U_X?2_#>#0K7XMZYI&I6>FW4GA'5-92WO[O3;K2(KI=:N9;>;75C^UW M2#Y1\6_L+_\`!176_!7C?2O&_P`:/"G[16H:K\8O&OB:/1)_B[\5?V:]/\>: M!<_!GX4_#'X1>//$&K_":QO=3\,^(OA]KW@3Q+XY\8?"CP]_9_PU\<^+?$-U MKEI)X<46&GZ,`?:_AS_@G5I7A?\`::T[X_Z1^T)\8X/"VE?%OXG?'.'X+6LG MAG3_``W=?$GXO6=_8^,5\4^*+/2+/Q+XT\#(=3O9_#'@WQ,^I-X2E>RL_#VL MV6BV=MI!N?M=_P#!/FP_:R^(_@[XCCXY^-_A-=:#X(O_`(?ZD/`W@_P#>:_J M'A?5O$FF^*+E=&\;:UX?N?&'A^]&IZ;87EH'OM:\/Z??V=EK5OX@_V/\`$F'4+_Q[/J-]X@C\0647B>S\0I(OV3DO M@-^QI^UGX&_:@T#XA^,/&,IT30_B-\7?%7Q`^,:_M,?&;Q[K'[2_@7QC'X_7 MX=?#3Q+^S1XIT#3_`(-_!RW\#R>)?"6I+J'@74KHZ)/\/+/3-`3^SM>O4B`/ ML'7OV)OA]X@;]LE7U[6+6\_;,\(V?@SQEJ-OIVC"\\(VMO\`!T_!Z:\T&[6" M*YGN=2T]5UV^2^D*3ZSL08MIR@^-M9_X(D_L[V'P.^*_P)^&?BKQ%\._#7Q4 M^*/P+^+]U>IH&A^+[W1O$_P*TG2-/TW3(CX@$]QJO@[7+O2I=>;PKJ%R]GH& MN^(?%-SX>N-/M]96UM.:_9H_93_X*(_LNZU<>.?''QTT;]I#1?"'[./Q]?P9 M\-?%/BGQ9_;5M\<_B!\0/#7C32_!UUXLCT>>?QG\-HK;PHMMX,UC4]!/CGP$ M?$>K^%+5]%M!T[P;\8_$]Q\$O%/BKX>S_ M`!@\3>!--\GP]X]\$^+_`(J?"=OC+\.-*G\3Z)#KOAS2_%'@<^+/#FC_`&D& M\-[':1P-MH`\3^*/_!-KQ3\4-4_9G^(.J?M1Z[I_QB_9ET?XAZ)X3^(__"DO MA#>66HP^/-3\*WHNY?A]=V(\%:?J&@VOA.PTK3[B#39(KFTO-7_M&WEEO7F7 MZ.M/V5+CP=J/[47Q!^&_CZ[TKXS?M'^&O",5KXX;P_X5MW\&^,O`OPM3P!H_ MBG1K>;1=0TUUU+4+2T\4:IIU[IFH:>VILZ+97%JJX\)_8Y^#'[7OP$\/7_A' M7-,^'^G>#?'OQL\=^*YO"-Y^T'\5OCEJG[-OPKN/AGX5TCPMX7^'GQ!^)O@Y M/$GQ9O\`5/BGH'B#QOK&F>+/^$3TCP]9>-KK3=$N-1@TM+8>._LZ_LY_MP_L M_P"J>./$]EX*^&OCGXC-\/(O#VH?$?QO^V[^TAXKT#X_^/G\8:#%[E[F,`^]/C=^RM9?M M-_LK:3^S=^T+XKC\:1ZBOP3N_BGXBT_PWI-AIOQ%U7X7>-_!/CW7XKCPK=?; M=*L/#_Q`U?PC)I^KZ.AF6ST36+RVLI5FC@E3QGX'?\$__#OP$\(W'PQ\%?&K MXLZI\*]:^)_Q2\=>/?!?CN70_'$OQ`\-_$WP5;^!K'X8>(O%?B;3M2\3S>&/ M!&G6U@?#.H6^J)XBFL[.STKQ%J6H023/-^BGG+);B)659T2#SH$=7:'/)5]S M(QCPC@N0#(BML#$@'^=[X2_\$V/VOK7Q]^V)XF\37_P_^#OB'XZ^`?B7X7\$ M_$7X2?%[Q)J>E`Z]\2]%\1:#:>+_``,WPP\,_$"^U3Q#X+TM/#6K_$CQ'\-/# M'PW\5^"/#>M:^=+UAX_&^KIXG\.>!?C!?VNHP:CI6H_$'X:_#OQIXD^'WAZ\ MO;)+/4=,U>^O-5BNI9V2OU2\#:=J?A;P9X4\.>(?%6I>/-'3/A-^S[\+/A'IOB3P7>:E^P7X7^/GQ>\1?`+]HE/"6 MD^*#=Z_\1?'^H>`M'U'P#JNLZWKV@:H?#FD_#;Q=H'BNZ\"Z3=?$Z3Q--?W* MQ[FH?\$[OVAI?`?P_?Q5X$^!_P`=_"7ACQ#\7]:T']A_QW\>/B[HGP1^"$GC MUO!B^`9?`/QI3P;XF\4^.+KX;6OASQ,NB6?BOX>:5I&@'XHZM;?#FT\+P>&- M`\P`_?\2?\`!(_]IVZ^.7P%^+=KXJ\">,OB+X`M?@R^K?&G MQ]\0V\3Q>$3\,O&UUXB_X1RW^%?C'X&^+_%7C_2]/\(74/@'PSX@C^.O@#Q' MK#Z/IGCCQA?+XE>\G;^EFT<")49OF&<`@!FC);RW$:_*HD12X2,!5`8!5VLJ M@%NBDW#..AQG!!!(XY`(&1\PR>Q..H(I:`"N>\6Z3C#6](EF34-).K:/JNF#4+>V-_ MIM]:>=:R]#2$!@0P#`@@@@$$'@@@\$$<&@#\`OB%X1_X*<^`?V#SJ7@_XS_M M)>._VG?$W[0ND:=KJWW@S]GS7/&'@+X&Z'\4O%^@W&I^"?#GASX:^%_#]RWB M+X;V?AGQ3JBZY_PDVH?:[UY]&&FV1GTF/Z9^%/QB_:9\+?%OX,:5K_PR_;!\ M??!'QC^S]_PC=]XD^)/P\^#EI\0?#GQSLOC)KFFWGC'XUV_@N[\*Z5X=L[SP M)'8ZK;2>$]*N->!["\?0[359+I7]9_;A^-?[57PW\:?LN_#C]E#P1X%\4> M*/CI\2/$?AKQAKWC[2-0UC0?`7@OPUX4N?$>H^*[BVLO&_@&.X2UE6%9;`ZX M^IZA"\MOH>G7^H8A'@3?\%%_&&F?M?Z!\!K[X9>*-?\`@RVK1_`SQ-\>/#_P MK^)-CX!G_:;@\%Q^+9-*T;XB7+:AX+M/"UWJP/PO@T.YO9M:T_QW=VD%[KEO MI5M>:A;@'R+\+]=_X*KZC^S;\?\`3-;U']J2?]KCQ1XC\-VOP[F\;>"_@-X, M^"W@/PU>_&WP_HVIQ^!O%6D>`_%&M#6[7X=:KK6HZYK_`(H\,?$C3;#0=&_M M?1_#&JZGIESI6J_2ND^%?^"N?PS\*_`3PE-\2/A)\4_B/?\`Q9^-=[\2?%'B MZY?QGX+T7X.GX575S\+="\9>*_"7PD_9WU?7O%EK\1+>8:;K/ASX5>"K*;[7 MI^C:M;:C;:5<:E>>+VO_``5+^-A^%OQ6\77%_P#LZ2?$?P[\,HO&=I\&AX+_ M`&@M/\7_``#\5R^.O#OA*[\`_''5[G2Y/"&N:CHMGKVI76JW:Z[\,+.75_#, MSV^D_V>?V[OBQ\5=(_9PGO_"?AK6[CXH_%+]I'X?^/?&/AOPO MXHTGP;_9_P`(OAMK'Q"\&>)_`S7&O>(;"?2O$$B:3H^IWD7B?Q3HL?B#_A(- M#TW7+O5=,G>@#Y\\?ZW_`,%3E^'/P6U&Y/[0-A\0)OV4/AUJEKI/P#\%?L]: MUIFJ_MGFTU\?$+P]^U-_PM6.9_#_`,)WNU\#?V,OPLFT&:2TNO'?]I^)[%X- M&C/I'[;_`(F_X*T>'/$ES=?LGZ'X1\5^'K;]DOP58^)O#UA9Z)9FX^/_`(A\ M=>*+'7?%GP;\2>)DN8[S5_A_HT'A[6[_`,!^-[.?1/%?@34+F33[_3/%5E:Q MZC%^Q3_P45_:^_:,^)7@?P5\:OV0!\#/">N_LU^,_BU_PGTNNWNNZ3X[\9:) M%\'M>T>Q\#64EO9W>F^&!X6^*NFV>NP>)Q_;4?C2T\2>&;&XG;PG?M$_L=?!7XW>&K22R\2VE[JOQK^)'B?7]$\ M4_#31VO8[FW6/0[6STV_CL]0\G5X)KN674'2(1M0!Y=XB\1_MQV_[?/QN_M^ M\_:P3]F:WTG0]-^`>B?!KX;?!'7_`(:WVH:C\*K,:KXB\=^)_&-G_P`)2(]' M\<7.OM9P6OB#3=VO6&F1WI_X1Z>2&Z_4+]FV\\9ZA\`?@U>_$(_$#_A.+KX7 M^!+CQD/BMHOA#PY\2U\23^&]-GUQ?'^@_#_4-6\$Z/XM_M"2YC\1Z9X2U75/ M#]AJRWMOI%]<620N?Q9^"W_!43XW_$31OVC]0\?^+OV7/A;XI^&/Q$\0>'/` MGPNU?P/\7M<\5VG@GPW\<='^&2_$'QLO@+Q'XX\0BQU[3]5CL=*TX>!?"M_; M:]J&FZY?%?!9&J77[I^/M1\5Z7X%\9ZEX)T6/Q#XUL?"_B2]\)Z#R:!I-U=[T6S@U34[>SM;F96$=M#<-+SL9G`/Q,_:IT7]M7PF_QIB\" M>"_VD_%/C[Q[^U1;7D7Q#^"'B>PM?#\7[-S?"N_O/AGI<.GJ9?'%GI'@'Q); M77A[Q!X5^'>J_#S6M1^(.KR^,-;UW6/!GB36=-O^F^+%A^V?%X3_`&?[G6]6 M_;B\8^%M'_9LTE+J[_9NT_X&^!?CGKG[4"W%]+JM[^T/X*\9:K+X7@\)W&D0 M>'4\(:)X>OM7\%P>()/',/Q,6]TR7PS,/$F_X*+_`!S\,?$G]DWX1>&/B[X) MUK7/'G@'X0^,OBQ>_'7X5CPDUYXC^(7C[7M"^)/AS_A+9?B7X4U32_$'A'4= M*\3>$O"WP\^'_P`(_&6H^$=9T71M+\>ZBMAKEO=0^\^%?VY_VA]1_:&MO`.M MS>"%\1ZC\8_%?@76?V/%^"OQ-@^,7PO^$'AW6=1T6W^/NL_'5_$#_#OQ1X;E M\.V>D_%&9[3PK8>&-9T3Q9!\/O#FMWWC+3YI+P`X[X9W_P#P47U']L+X.VGQ MEA_:%\*^&M!TKX2V/Q2U_P`$VOAKQ=^SMX^\0O\`"C1[SXD6/A[2K=?#5CX( M\"R_$.?6;34?$>OCQSX\?4M(N+K1M2T?PRFAZ;#]X_`?P-\38/@]^TQH_CB; MXL^$/"GBGXO_`!@U3X*:5IGB5[[XU^$/A7J-K8?9I-!UV^O=<-CK>O>.;?QE MXO\`AWIU[=SOX?\`#WB?P_X?G%J=--O:?F/\&/\`@HI^T'\>OA5^UOXDLOBK MX(M7^'OPR;Q5\%4\*?";3M!^,S_$Y_$]S9>`_"-[\(F^)'QGO[_PGXRUB'0_ M!AT+Q8G@WXGZI?ZS#I<&FZ9>33ZGIOZ`?V:/#?C[P'XC\-_#;X MO7$?A&V/@N^^&5S\8)/'?Q#\4:)'8:3\'_!^B6GQ`^'HM]=U;QOJ5DEMXHO= M8GT33M-L;R?51:Z9%=:M8@'SEX6\`?M(?#;]BSQU>>/?&'[:?CGXC_%?Q]<^ M+/#/AWP1XO\`!GCCX[_`GP)>RVT?@WP;OK MVG>(?%OB33/!NJ3)H5AXH;R73?AI^W?\4/V1_A1X1\5>.?VIOAA^T;KGQ2\; M>"-+\>:/\0M!\*MX,^$>K^)YKS2OB[\<-*TBU\2+?ZEX%\`6PMO!/@;5-5U7 MQ-XI\;#2-/\`%NLZ/%XBUW4_#^Y^V#^V3^U)^R[X7^!VAM\3_@IXK_:+7P5X M'O/BS\%-'^!OC;4[WXL>)M7U"*S\4WOPBU$_$?1I)=%TV2'5;33/"?AFQ\;> M.1,-,>ZM(FU/3[:Y^G/%'Q"_:FU']MWX??#+X;?$OX?77P=_L1/B9\:/!&L? M`_4H]=^'?PV?1;G2=#T0_%D_$R*&;XB_$/QSYE]X:T8>`%CTOPAX9\<7^JW" MR:?X>_ML`]>^+^H?M:>&?`7QKT7X9>$_"'C+3O#G[.FKGX*^*+'XFWS_`!^\ M9?'*ST&2UT>RU_PCXK^&-C\,-'TR]U.-[BV\7W'C[7!=:@L"ZEX3M]/DN9(_ MQC^&6K_\%;],_9C_`&I]'O/#W[1.J>/;N']G@_"+Q/XFO-"@\8Z)?2^,Y#^T M1-X6T+Q9-K/BC4+1O!]A$YABUB*`KK,=G\.[;P[XCLKFZK]#OVUOVL/VEOA_ M^S+=_%/X0^!;/]GSQIHWQNTOP%J$G[4.BV&K^'[OP$=*NYI_&MOG^(/%FI:5/8-9:K+J6@^=)HMIJ6+^S7^U]^T'\3O"/[`>H^ M-/#=I::C\>OB7^T%X(^,VJR_#_6/#^D76D_"[X'_`(F^ M&?VW+/XKVWQI\:R?"SQ9X`_X0>Y\07_@=M`T&3PK9?%G3;[Q;I/Q1TWPE9ZU MJ/B:RTYT\0W^O:A<>'H;[5=3D\+7VC:)J';?M!W?_!0B\_9Y_9?L_"'A_P#: MVM_VM],^$G@:Z\<7_@"_^$M]\'=6^)PA\OQ!;?%/4](UW0H+#Q3) MJ&DZC\']-L/$MW93V6M1V]Y?:3Y%^SG_`,%+O@KXD^*'A3 M3/A[\=/&7A?X0_!_X3_9/C%INL_#CQ?I]A\.?!=]82?%3Q'XA\/:SX[\%2W^ MHZQ8?%GP?\-KVS\26$.E:1:O-)?A3\=-.\.>%](U/X0?$/X7:?;>"/$/PH^&_C:Q\+27/Q!VWOB_Q1X7\2:_ MXDTK6O$$%AX>36M*7PSKW_".Z%:Z];6-`'Z9^&WU671=(EUNT-CJ\NDZ?)JE MI]HAN_LVI26T;WULUU;10VUVUO=&:$WEO###=%3-##'"\8K>I``.@`XQP`.! MT'T&3Q2T`%%%%`$3Q!V5B3A0P"D97Y@03@\'\0>XZ$BJ[6$+JJN694.Y0=OR MD[MQ4JJ[-X8AO+V$@X)("A;M%`%5;.-23DL3D9;#$HPPT9)!.QAP<8)"H&)* M`EL=E#$Y=0=QXSA!@;40*N%&%54PH.2-SD,"[EKE%`%<6Z?Q$N2H4YXX#!C@ M+@#+@OTR#CG"(%0VR;0H.-H"J=JY`55"X.,@J5W+C&T\#"@`6:*`*ILX<_(H MC4*$5$`55`<-E0N-KE1L+KAB.2V/,5QD*P`3;L15*D(L81-FS:R ME$?<7#,UJB@"FMC`NS:""F-K#`(VA0IPH5"4"D)E/DWN5P68ER6D**J@?*H0 M8)+'"'*D.Q,JD$*01)\I4%<')-JB@"@^GQ,<[B`"&10J81@6.1\O(P0NT\%2 M^[+/E7?88PVX._0CG!./X1G)ZXR"S[+'D$9&-Q4`X"EBA.`,*1\F,$$ CORRESP 11 filename11.htm d1229824_corresp.htm

 
SEWARD & KISSEL LLP
ONE BATTERY PARK PLAZA
NEW YORK, NEW YORK  10004
 
     
LAWRENCE RUTKOWSKI
Partner
(212) 574-1206
rutkowski@sewkis.com
   
TELEPHONE:  (212)  574-1200
FACSIMILE:  (212) 480-8421
WWW.SEWKIS.COM
1200 G STREET, N.W.
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20006
TELEPHONE:  (202) 737-8833
FACSIMILE:  (202) 737-5184

 
September 26, 2011
 
Filing Desk
Securities and Exchange Commission
100 F Street, NE
Washington, DC 20549
 
 
 
 
Re:
Euroseas Ltd. (Registration Statement on Form F-3)
 
 
Ladies and Gentlemen:
 
Enclosed for filing is the Registration Statement on Form F-3 of Euroseas Ltd. ("Euroseas").  The Registration Statement is a shelf registration statement relating to the issuance and sale from time to time by Euroseas of common shares, preferred shares, debt securities, warrants, purchase contracts and units in a maximum aggregate offering amount of $400,000,000 and up to 11,249,677 shares of Euroseas' common stock by selling shareholders named in the Registration Statement.
 
The Company thanks the Staff for its close attention to the Registration Statement.  Please feel free to telephone the undersigned at (212) 574-1206, Anthony Tu-Sekine at (202) 661-7150 or Jonathan Stoian at (212) 574-1667 with any questions or comments.
 
 
Very truly yours,
 
SEWARD & KISSEL LLP
 
 
By: /s/ Lawrence Rutkowski
           Lawrence Rutkowski