Exhibit 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement of NephroGenex, Inc. on Form S-3 to be filed on or about August 7, 2015 of our report dated March 24, 2015, on our audits of the financial statements as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 and for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2014, which report was included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 24, 2015. We also consent to the reference to our firm under the caption “Experts” in the Registration Statement on Form S-3.

/s/ EisnerAmper LLP

August 7, 2015

Jenkintown, PA