EX-99.1 2 a08-9158_1ex99d1.htm ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM

Exhibit 99.1

 

 

 

PENN WEST ENERGY TRUST

 

Annual Information Form

for the year ended December 31, 2007

 

March 26, 2008

 



 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

 

Page

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

 

1

CONVENTIONS

 

4

ABBREVIATIONS

 

4

CONVERSIONS

 

5

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

6

NON-GAAP MEASURES

 

7

EFFECTIVE DATE OF INFORMATION

 

7

PENN WEST ENERGY TRUST

 

8

GENERAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE BUSINESS

 

10

DESCRIPTION OF OUR BUSINESS

 

12

CAPITALIZATION OF PWPL

 

15

INFORMATION RELATING TO PENN WEST

 

17

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

 

25

AUDIT COMMITTEE DISCLOSURES

 

33

DISTRIBUTIONS TO UNITHOLDERS

 

35

MARKET FOR SECURITIES

 

36

INDUSTRY CONDITIONS

 

37

RISK FACTORS

 

44

MATERIAL CONTRACTS

 

57

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS AND REGULATORY ACTIONS

 

58

TRANSFER AGENTS AND REGISTRARS

 

58

INTEREST OF MANAGEMENT AND OTHERS IN MATERIAL TRANSACTIONS

 

58

INTERESTS OF EXPERTS

 

58

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

59

 

APPENDIX “A” – PENN WEST ENERGY TRUST RESERVES DISCLOSURE

 

Appendix A-1 – Report of Management and Directors on Reserves Data and Other Information

 

Appendix A-2 – GLJ Report on Reserves Data

 

Appendix A-3 – Statement of Reserves Data – Penn West Energy Trust

 

 

APPENDIX “B” – CANETIC RESOURCES TRUST RESERVES DISCLOSURE

 

Appendix B-1 – Report of Management and Directors on Reserves Data and Other Information

 

Appendix B-2 – Sproule Report on Reserves Data

 

Appendix B-3 – Statement of Reserves Data – Canetic Resources Trust

 

 

APPENDIX “C” – MANDATE OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE

 



 

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

 

The following is a glossary of certain terms used in this Annual Information Form.

 

6.5% 2005 Debenture Indenture” means the trust indenture governing the 6.5% 2005 Debentures.

 

6.5% 2005 Debentures” means the 6.5% convertible, extendible, unsecured, subordinated debentures issued on May 26, 2005 pursuant to the 6.5% 2005 Debenture Indenture, which debentures were assumed by Penn West pursuant to the Canetic Acquisition and subsequently began trading on the TSX as securities of Penn West on January 16, 2008 under the symbol PWT.DB.D.

 

6.5% 2006 Debenture Indenture” means the trust indenture governing the 6.5% 2006 Debentures.

 

6.5% 2006 Debentures” means the 6.5% convertible, extendible, unsecured, subordinated debentures issued on August 24, 2006 pursuant to the 6.5% 2006 Debenture Indenture, which debentures were assumed by Penn West pursuant to the Canetic Acquisition and subsequently began trading on the TSX as securities of Penn West on January 16, 2008 under the symbol PWT.DB.F.

 

7.2% Debenture Indenture” means the trust indenture governing the 7.2% Debentures.

 

7.2% Debentures” means the 7.2% convertible, unsecured, subordinated debentures issued on May 2, 2006 pursuant to the 7.2% Debenture Indenture, which debentures were assumed by Penn West pursuant to the Vault Acquisition and subsequently began trading on the TSX as securities of Penn West on January 15, 2008 under the symbol PWT.DB.E.

 

8% 2004 Debenture Indenture” means the trust indenture governing the 8% 2004 Debentures.

 

8% 2004 Debentures” means the 8% convertible, extendible, unsecured, subordinated debentures issued on June 15, 2004 pursuant to the 8% 2004 Debenture Indenture, which debentures were assumed by Penn West pursuant to the Canetic Acquisition and subsequently began trading on the TSX as securities of Penn West on January 16, 2008 under the symbol PWT.DB.B.

 

8% 2005 Debenture Indenture” means the trust indenture governing the 8% 2005 Debentures.

 

8% 2005 Debentures” means the 8% convertible, unsecured, subordinated debentures issued on June 22, 2005 pursuant to the 8% 2005 Debenture Indenture, which debentures were assumed by Penn West pursuant to the Vault Acquisition and subsequently began trading on the TSX as securities of Penn West on January 15, 2008 under the symbol PWT.DB.C.

 

9.4% Debenture Indenture” means the trust indenture governing the 9.4% Debentures.

 

9.4% Debentures” means the 9.4% convertible, unsecured, subordinated debentures issued on July 3, 2003 pursuant to the 9.4% Debenture Indenture, which debentures were assumed by Penn West pursuant to the Canetic Acquisition and subsequently began trading on the TSX as securities of Penn West on January 16, 2008 under the symbol PWT.DB.A.

 

ABCA” means the Business Corporations Act (Alberta), R.S.A. 2000, C. B-9, as amended, including the regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

Administration Agreement” means the agreement dated May 31, 2005 between the Trustee and PWPL pursuant to which PWPL agrees to provide certain administrative and advisory services in connection with Penn West.

 

Board of Directors” means the Board of Directors of PWPL.

 

Canetic” means Canetic Resources Trust, a trust established under the laws of the Province of Alberta.

 

Canetic Acquisition” means the plan of arrangement under the ABCA pursuant to which Penn West acquired Canetic on January 11, 2008.

 



 

CBM” means coalbed methane.

 

Convertible Debentures” means, collectively, the 6.5% 2005 Debentures, the 6.5% 2006 Debentures, the 7.2% Debentures, the 8% 2004 Debentures, the 8% 2005 Debentures and the 9.4% Debentures.

 

Debenture Indentures” means, collectively, the 6.5% 2005 Debenture Indenture, the 6.5% 2006 Debenture Indenture, the 7.2% Debenture Indenture, the 8% 2004 Debenture Indenture, the 8% 2005 Debenture Indenture and the 9.4% Debenture Indenture.

 

Debenture Trustee” means, in respect of the 6.5% 2005 Debentures, Olympia Trust Company, in respect of each of the 6.5% 2006 Debentures, the 8% 2004 Debentures and the 9.4% Debentures, Computershare Trust Company of Canada, and in respect of each of the 7.2% Debentures and the 8% 2005 Debentures, Canadian Western Trust Company.

 

GAAP” means Canadian generally accepted accounting principles.

 

GLJ” means GLJ Petroleum Consultants Ltd., independent petroleum consultants of Calgary, Alberta.

 

GLJ Report” means the report prepared by GLJ dated February 20, 2008 evaluating the crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids reserves and the net present value of future net revenue attributable to certain of Penn West’s oil and natural gas assets effective as at December 31, 2007.

 

Gross” means:

 

(a)                                  in relation to our interest in production or reserves, our working interest (operating or non-operating) share before deduction of royalties and without including any royalty interests of ours;

 

(b)                                 in relation to wells, the total number of wells in which we have an interest; and

 

(c)                                  in relation to properties, the total area of properties in which we have an interest.

 

Internal Notes” means the unsecured subordinated promissory notes issued by PWPL and certain other Operating Entities to Penn West as at January 11, 2008 following the completion of the Vault Acquisition and the Canetic Acquisition.

 

Net” means:

 

(a)                                  in relation to our interest in production or reserves, our working interest (operating or non-operating) share after deduction of royalty obligations, plus our royalty interests in production or reserves;

 

(b)                                 in relation to our interest in wells, the number of wells obtained by aggregating our working interest in each of our gross wells; and

 

(c)                                  in relation to our interest in a property, the total area in which we have an interest multiplied by the working interest we owned.

 

NI 51-101” means National Instrument 51-101 – Standards of Disclosure for Oil and Gas Activities.

 

Non-Resident” means: (i) a person who is not a resident of Canada for the purposes of the Tax Act; or (ii) a partnership that is not a Canadian partnership for the purposes of the Tax Act.

 

NPI Agreements” means the net profits interest agreements between Penn West and certain of Penn West’s Operating Entities and to which Penn West is a party as of or prior to January 11, 2008 following completion of the Vault Acquisition and the Canetic Acquisition.

 

NPIs” means the net profits interests granted to Penn West under the NPI Agreements.

 

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NYSE” means the New York Stock Exchange.

 

Operating Entities” means, from and after February 1, 2008 following the completion of the Vault Acquisition, the Canetic Acquisition and subsequent internal reorganizations, collectively, PWPL, Penn West Partnership, Canetic ABC Limited Partnership, Titan Canada Resources, Canetic Resources Partnership, Petrofund Ventures Trust, Tika Energy Inc. and Upton Resources Inc., each a direct or indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Penn West, and “Operating Subsidiary” means any one of them, as applicable.

 

Operating Entities Securities” means the Internal Notes, the NPIs, the common shares of PWPL and any other securities of the Operating Entities owned, directly or indirectly, by Penn West.

 

Penn West”, “we”, “us, our” or Trust means Penn West Energy Trust, a trust established under the laws of the Province of Alberta pursuant to the Trust Indenture. Where the context requires, these terms also include all of Penn West’s Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis, which in the case of information presented as at or after January 10, 2008 includes Vault and Vault’s former Subsidiaries (if the context requires), and in the case of information presented as at or after January 11, 2008 includes Canetic and Canetic’s former Subsidiaries (where the context requires).

 

Penn West Partnership means Penn West Petroleum, a general partnership, the partners of which are PWPL, Trocana Resources Inc., Canetic Saskatchewan Trust, 990009 Alberta Inc. and 1167639 Alberta Ltd. effective from and after January 11, 2008 following the completion of the Vault Acquisition and the Canetic Acquisition.

 

Petrofund” means Petrofund Energy Trust, a trust established under the laws of the Province of Ontario.

 

Petrofund Acquisition” means the plan of arrangement under the ABCA pursuant to which Penn West acquired Petrofund on June 30, 2006.

 

PWPL” means Penn West Petroleum Ltd., a corporation amalgamated under the ABCA, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Penn West and the administrator of Penn West pursuant to the Administration Agreement.

 

Sproule” means Sproule Associates Limited, independent petroleum consultants of Calgary, Alberta.

 

Sproule Canetic Report” means the report prepared by Sproule dated March 3, 2008 evaluating the crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids reserves and the net present value of future net revenue attributable to certain of Canetic’s oil and natural gas assets effective as at December 31, 2007.

 

Sproule Vault Report” means the report prepared by Sproule dated March 3, 2008 evaluating the crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids reserves and the net present value of future net revenue attributable to certain of Vault’s oil and natural gas assets effective as at December 31, 2007.

 

Subsidiaries” has the meaning ascribed thereto in the Securities Act (Ontario) and, for greater certainty, includes all corporations, partnerships and trusts owned, controlled or directed, directly or indirectly, by Penn West.

 

Tax Act” means the Income Tax Act (Canada), R.S.C. 1985, C. 1 (5th Supp.), as amended, including the regulations promulgated thereunder, as amended from time to time.

 

Titan” means Titan Exploration Ltd., a corporation amalgamated under the ABCA.

 

Trust Indenture” means the amended and restated trust indenture between the Trustee and PWPL, amended and restated as of June 30, 2006.

 

Trust Unit” means a trust unit issued by us, each trust unit representing an equal undivided beneficial interest in our assets.

 

Trustee” means CIBC Mellon Trust Company, our trustee.

 

TSX” means the Toronto Stock Exchange.

 

3



 

United States” or “US” means the United States of America.

 

Unitholders” means holders of our Trust Units.

 

undeveloped land” and “unproved property” each mean a property or part of a property to which no reserves have been specifically attributed.

 

Vault” means Vault Energy Trust, a trust established under the laws of the Province of Alberta.

 

Vault Acquisition” means the plan of arrangement under the ABCA pursuant to which Penn West acquired Vault on January 10, 2008.

 

CONVENTIONS

 

Certain terms used herein are defined in the “Glossary of Terms”. Certain other terms used herein but not defined herein are defined in NI 51-101 and, unless the context otherwise requires, shall have the same meanings herein as in NI 51-101.

 

Unless otherwise indicated, references herein to “$” or “dollars” are to Canadian dollars. References herein to “US$” are to United States dollars.

 

All financial information herein has been presented in Canadian dollars in accordance with Canadian GAAP.

 

ABBREVIATIONS

 

Oil and Natural Gas Liquids

 

 

 

bbl

 

barrel or barrels

bbl/d

 

barrels per day

Mbbl

 

thousand barrels

MMbbl

 

million barrels

NGLs

 

natural gas liquids

MMboe

 

million barrels of oil equivalent

Mboe

 

thousand barrels of oil equivalent

boe/d

 

barrels of oil equivalent per day

 

Natural Gas

 

 

 

GJ

 

gigajoule

Gj/d

 

gigajoules per day

Mcf

 

thousand cubic feet

MMcf

 

million cubic feet

Bcf

 

billion cubic feet

Mcf/d

 

thousand cubic feet per day

MMcf/d

 

million cubic feet per day

m3

 

cubic metres

MMbtu

 

million British Thermal Units

 

Other

 

 

 

 

 

BOE or boe

 

means barrel of oil equivalent, using the conversion factor of 6 Mcf of natural gas being equivalent to one barrel of oil. Boes may be misleading, particularly if used in isolation. A boe conversion ratio of 6 Mcf: 1 bbl is based on an energy equivalency conversion method primarily applicable at the burner tip and does not represent a value equivalency at the wellhead.

WTI

 

means West Texas Intermediate, the reference price paid in United States dollars at Cushing, Oklahoma for crude oil of standard grade.

API

 

means American Petroleum Institute.

°API

 

means the measure of the density or gravity of liquid petroleum products derived from a specific gravity.

psi

 

means pounds per square inch.

MM$

 

means one million dollars.

MW

 

means megawatt.

MWh

 

means megawatt hour.

CO2

 

means carbon dioxide.

 

4



 

Where any disclosure of reserves data is made in this Annual Information Form (including the Appendices hereto) that does not reflect all reserves of Penn West or Canetic, as the case may be, the reader should note that the estimates of reserves and future net revenue for individual properties may not reflect the same confidence level as estimates of reserves and future net revenue for all properties, due to the effects of aggregation.

 

References in this Annual Information Form to undeveloped land and unproved properties held, owned or acquired by us, or in respect of which we have an interest, refer to undeveloped land or unproved properties in respect of which we have a lease or other contractual right to explore for, develop and exploit hydrocarbons underlying such undeveloped land or unproved properties.

 

CONVERSIONS

 

The following table sets forth certain conversions between Standard Imperial Units and the International System of Units (or metric units).

 

To Convert From

 

To

 

Multiply By

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mcf

 

cubic metres

 

28.174

 

cubic metres

 

cubic feet

 

35.494

 

bbl

 

cubic metres

 

0.159

 

cubic metres

 

bbl

 

6.293

 

feet

 

metres

 

0.305

 

metres

 

feet

 

3.281

 

miles

 

kilometres

 

1.609

 

kilometres

 

miles

 

0.621

 

acres

 

hectares

 

0.405

 

hectares

 

acres

 

2.500

 

gigajoules (at standard)

 

MMbtu

 

0.950

 

MMbtu (at standard)

 

gigajoules

 

1.053

 

gigajoules (at standard)

 

Mcf

 

1.055

 

 

5



 

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

In the interest of providing Unitholders and potential investors with information regarding Penn West, including management’s assessment of Penn West’s future plans and operations, certain statements contained and incorporated by reference in this document constitute forward-looking statements or information (collectively “forward-looking statements”) within the meaning of the “safe harbour” provisions of applicable securities legislation. Forward-looking statements are typically identified by words such as “anticipate”, “continue”, “estimate”, “expect”, “forecast”, “may”, “will”, “project”, “could”, “plan”, “intend”, “should”, “believe”, “outlook”, “potential”, “target” and similar words suggesting future events or future performance. In addition, statements relating to “reserves” or “resources” are deemed to be forward-looking statements as they involve the implied assessment, based on certain estimates and assumptions, that the reserves and resources described exist in the quantities predicted or estimated and can be profitably produced in the future. In particular, this document and the documents incorporated by reference herein contain, without limitation, forward-looking statements pertaining to the following: the performance characteristics of our oil and natural gas properties; the impact on our business, distribution policies and Unitholders of the SIFT Tax (as defined herein) and the different actions that we might take in response to the SIFT Tax; the impact on our reserves and business of the proposed new Alberta royalty framework; environmental regulation compliance costs and strategy; oil and natural gas production level estimates; netback estimates; our business strategy, including our strategy in respect of our Peace River Oil Sands project, and our coal bed methane, shale gas and enhanced oil recovery projects; our product balance; the sufficiency of our environmental program; funding sources for distributions and distribution levels; the funding of our asset retirement obligations; our outlook for oil and natural gas prices; our forecast 2008 net capital expenditures and the allocation and funding thereof; our exploration and development plans for our oil and natural gas properties in 2008 and beyond; currency exchange rates; our forecast funds flow; the nature and effectiveness of our risk management strategies; our belief that we will be successful in renewing or replacing our credit facilities on acceptable terms when they expire; the quantity and recoverability of our oil and natural gas reserves and resources; and our ability to economically develop our contingent resources at our Peace River Oil Sands project and convert these resources into reserves.

 

With respect to forward-looking statements contained or incorporated by reference in this document, we have made assumptions regarding, among other things: future capital expenditure levels; future oil and natural gas prices and differentials between light, medium and heavy oil prices; future oil and natural gas production levels; future exchange rates; the amount of future cash distributions that we intend to pay; the cost of expanding our property holdings; our ability to obtain equipment in a timely manner to carry out development activities; our ability to market our oil and natural gas successfully to current and new customers; the impact of increasing competition; our ability to obtain financing on acceptable terms; and our ability to add production and reserves through our development and exploitation activities.

 

Although Penn West believes that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements contained or incorporated by reference in this document, and the assumptions on which such forward-looking statements are made, are reasonable, there can be no assurance that such expectations will prove to be correct. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements included or incorporated by reference in this document, as there can be no assurance that the plans, intentions or expectations upon which the forward-looking statements are based will occur. By their nature, forward-looking statements involve numerous assumptions, known and unknown risks and uncertainties that contribute to the possibility that the predictions, forecasts, projections and other forward-looking statements will not occur, which may cause Penn West’s actual performance and financial results in future periods to differ materially from any estimates or projections of future performance or results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, among other things: volatility in market prices for oil and natural gas; the impact of weather conditions on seasonal demand and our ability to execute capital programs; risks inherent in oil and natural gas operations; uncertainties associated with estimating reserves and resources; competition for, among other things, capital, acquisitions of reserves, resources, undeveloped lands and skilled personnel; incorrect assessments of the value of acquisitions; geological, technical, drilling and processing problems; general economic conditions in Canada, the US and globally; industry conditions, including fluctuations in the price of oil and natural gas; royalties payable in respect of our oil and natural gas production; changes in government regulation of the oil and natural gas industry, including environmental regulation; fluctuations in foreign exchange or interest rates; unanticipated operating events that can reduce production or cause production to be shut-in or delayed; failure to obtain industry partner and other third-party consents and approvals when required; stock market volatility and market valuations; OPEC’s ability to control production and balance global supply and demand of crude oil at desired price levels; political uncertainty, including the risks of hostilities, in the petroleum producing regions of the world; the need to obtain required approvals from regulatory authorities from time to time; failure to realize the anticipated benefits of acquisitions, including the acquisition of Canetic and Vault; changes in federal and provincial taxation laws and regulations;

 

6



 

changes in the Alberta royalty framework and their impact on us; uncertainty of obtaining required approvals in respect of acquisitions and mergers; and the other factors described under “Risk Factors” in this document and in Penn West’s public filings available in Canada at www.sedar.com and in the United States at www.sec.gov. Readers are cautioned that this list of risk factors should not be construed as exhaustive.

 

The forward-looking statements contained and incorporated by reference in this document speak only as of the date of this document. Except as expressly required by applicable securities laws, Penn West does not undertake any obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. The forward-looking statements contained and incorporated by reference in this document are expressly qualified by this cautionary statement.

 

NON-GAAP MEASURES

 

This Annual Information Form refers to funds flow and funds flow from operations derived from cash flow from operating activities. Funds flow is cash flow from operating activities before changes in non-cash working capital, expenditures on site reclamation and restoration and payments for surrendered stock options. Funds flow as presented does not have any standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP and therefore it may not be comparable with the calculation of similar measures for other entities. Funds flow as presented is not intended to represent operating cash flow or operating profits for the period nor should it be viewed as an alternative to cash flow from operating activities, net earnings or other measures of financial performance calculated in accordance with GAAP.

 

For more information, see Penn West’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended December 31, 2007, which includes a reconciliation of “funds flow” to cash flow from operating activities, which has been filed on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and on EDGAR at www.sec.gov.

 

EFFECTIVE DATE OF INFORMATION

 

Except where otherwise indicated, the information in this Annual Information Form is presented as at the end of Penn West’s most recently completed financial year, being December 31, 2007, which is prior to Penn West’s acquisition of Vault and Canetic.

 

7



 

PENN WEST ENERGY TRUST

 

General

 

We are an open-end investment trust created on April 22, 2005 under the laws of the Province of Alberta pursuant to the Trust Indenture as amended and restated on June 30, 2006. At that time, CIBC Mellon Trust Company was appointed as trustee under the Trust Indenture for a three year period. The beneficiaries of Penn West are holders of the Trust Units. Our principal and head office is located at 2200, 425 – 1st Street S.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2P 3L8.

 

We commenced operations in our current structure on June 1, 2005 after the completion of a plan of arrangement under the ABCA. Pursuant to this plan of arrangement, holders of common shares of PWPL received three (3) Trust Units for each one (1) of their common shares.

 

Inter-Corporate Relationships

 

The following are the names, the percentage of votes attaching to all voting securities beneficially owned, or controlled or directed, directly or indirectly, by Penn West, and the jurisdiction of incorporation, continuance, formation or organization of our direct and indirect material Subsidiaries as at February 1, 2008 following the completion of the Vault Acquisition, the Canetic Acquisition and subsequent internal reorganizations.

 

 

 

Percentage of Votes

 

Nature of Entity

 

Jurisdiction of
Incorporation/

Formation

 

Penn West Petroleum Ltd.

 

100

%

Corporation

 

Alberta

 

Penn West Petroleum

 

100

%

General Partnership

 

Alberta

 

 

Our Organizational Structure

 

The following diagram sets forth the simplified organizational structure of Penn West as at February 1, 2008 following the completion of the Vault Acquisition, the Canetic Acquisition and subsequent internal reorganizations.

 

8



 

 


Notes:

(1)           The Unitholders own 100 percent of Penn West’s equity.

(2)           Cash distributions are made on a monthly basis to Unitholders based upon, among other things, our funds flow. Our primary sources of funds flow are payments from PWPL and our other Operating Entities pursuant to the NPIs and interest on the principal amount of the Internal Notes.

(3)           PWPL as it presently exists was formed effective as of January 11, 2008 as part of the completion of the Canetic Acquisition pursuant to the amalgamation of Penn West Petroleum Ltd., Titan, Penn West Canetic Acquisition Ltd., Canetic Resources Inc., Trend Energy Inc., 1336953 Alberta Ltd., 1141702 Alberta Ltd. and Vault Energy Inc.

(4)           PWPL, Trocana Resources Inc., Canetic Saskatchewan Trust, 990009 Alberta Inc. and 1167639 Alberta Ltd. are the partners of Penn West Partnership effective as of January 11, 2008 following the completion of the Vault Acquisition and the Canetic Acquisition.

(5)           The other Operating Entities are direct or indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries of Penn West. Other than PWPL and the Penn West Partnership, Penn West does not have any subsidiaries: (i) the total assets of which exceed 10% of Penn West’s consolidated assets (or 20% of Penn West’s consolidated assets when aggregated with all other subsidiaries of Penn West other than PWPL and the Penn West Partnership); or (ii) the sales and operating revenues of which exceed 10% of Penn West’s consolidated sales and operating revenues (or 20% of Penn West’s consolidated sales and operating revenues when aggregated with all other subsidiaries of Penn West other than PWPL and the Penn West Partnership).

 

9



 

GENERAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE BUSINESS

 

History and Development

 

Year Ended December 31, 2005

 

PWPL Trust Conversion

 

On May 31, 2005, PWPL completed a plan of arrangement whereby holders of common shares of PWPL received three (3) Trust Units for each one (1) of their common shares.

 

Acquisitions and Dispositions

 

We completed property dispositions, net of acquisitions, of $5.8 million in 2005. We did not complete any corporate acquisitions in 2005.

 

Year Ended December 31, 2006

 

NYSE Listing

 

On June 22, 2006, the Trust Units were listed on the NYSE.

 

Petrofund Acquisition

 

Effective June 30, 2006, Penn West completed the Petrofund Acquisition, pursuant to which Penn West acquired Petrofund on the basis of an exchange of 0.60 of a Trust Unit for each one (1) trust unit of Petrofund. An aggregate of approximately 70.7 million Trust Units were issued. A special cash distribution in the amount of $1.10 per trust unit of Petrofund, of which $0.10 per unit was to align the distribution record dates of the trusts, was made immediately prior to the completion of the Petrofund Acquisition to the holders of trust units of Petrofund. An aggregate of $129.6 million was distributed. As a result of the Petrofund Acquisition, Penn West acquired 70.9 MMbbl of light/medium crude oil and NGLs, 0.7 MMbbl of heavy oil and 279.3 Bcf of natural gas on a proved reserve basis, 93.8 MMbbl of light/medium crude oil and NGLs, 1.0 MMbbl of heavy oil and 371.2 Bcf of natural gas on a proved plus probable reserve basis, and 352,600 net acres of undeveloped land. Penn West also assumed $610.4 million of bank indebtedness of Petrofund in connection with the Petrofund Acquisition.

 

Acquisitions and Dispositions

 

We completed property acquisitions, net of dispositions, of $5.6 million in 2006. Other than the Petrofund Acquisition described above, we did not complete any corporate acquisitions in 2006.

 

Year Ended December 31, 2007

 

April 2007 Asset Acquisition

 

On April 11, 2007, Penn West completed the acquisition (the “April 2007 Asset Acquisition”) of certain conventional oil and natural gas assets for cash consideration of approximately $329 million. The assets were located primarily in the Province of Alberta and included assets situated within or near Penn West’s Peace River oil sands project and its adjacent holdings in the Red Earth/Utikuma area. As a result of the acquisition, Penn West acquired 6.4 MMbbl of light/medium crude oil and NGLs, 0.1 MMbbl of heavy oil and 15.6 Bcf of natural gas on a proved reserve basis, 8.1 MMbbl of light/medium crude oil and NGLs, 0.1 MMbbl of heavy oil and 21.9 Bcf of natural gas on a proved plus probable reserve basis, and 190,000 net acres of undeveloped land. The acquisition was financed using Penn West’s existing syndicated credit facility and a new $250 million unsecured, demand credit facility.

 

10



 

Private Placement of Notes

 

Effective May 31, 2007, PWPL completed the private placement of an aggregate of US$475 million principal amount of notes. The private placement consisted of the issuance of US$160 million principal amount of 5.68 percent notes due in 2015, US$155 million principal amount of 5.80 percent notes due in 2017, US$140 million principal amount of 5.90 percent notes due in 2019 and US$20 million principal amount of 6.05 percent notes due in 2022. The notes are unsecured and rank equally with Penn West’s bank credit facilities. The proceeds of the notes were used to repay a portion of the indebtedness under Penn West’s bank credit facilities.

 

Acquisitions and Dispositions

 

In addition to the April 2007 Asset Acquisition described above, we completed property acquisitions, net of dispositions, of $92.7 million in 2007. We also completed one corporate acquisition for total cash consideration of $21.2 million resulting in total acquisitions, net of dispositions, of $442.9 million in 2007 (including the April 2007 Asset Acquisition).

 

Recent Developments

 

Vault Acquisition

 

Effective January 10, 2008, Penn West completed the Vault Acquisition, pursuant to which Penn West acquired Vault on the basis of an exchange of 0.14 of a Trust Unit for each one (1) trust unit of Vault, 0.14 of a Trust Unit for each one (1) trust unit of Vault into which the Series A exchangeable shares of Vault Energy Inc. were exchangeable, and a payment of $0.51 for each one (1) warrant to purchase a trust unit of Vault. An aggregate of approximately 5.6 million Trust Units were issued and an aggregate of approximately $768,111 was paid. As a result of the Vault Acquisition, and based on the Sproule Vault Report, Penn West acquired 7.8 MMbbl of light/medium crude oil and NGLs and 49.5 Bcf of natural gas on a proved reserve basis, and 10.1 MMbbl of light/medium crude oil and NGLs and 71.6 Bcf of natural gas on a proved plus probable reserve basis. Penn West also acquired 125,000 net acres of undeveloped land.

 

Penn West also assumed approximately $89 million of bank indebtedness of Vault, $50 million principal amount of 7.2% Debentures issued by Vault and $48.7 million principal amount of 8% 2005 Debentures issued by Vault in connection with the Vault Acquisition. On March 5, 2008, Penn West repurchased for cancellation $23.8 million principal amount of the 7.2% Debentures and $11,000 principal amount of the 8% 2005 Debentures pursuant to issuer bids required by the 7.2% Debenture Indenture and the 8% 2005 Debenture Indenture, respectively.

 

Canetic Acquisition

 

Effective January 11, 2008, Penn West completed the Canetic Acquisition, pursuant to which Penn West acquired Canetic on the basis of an exchange of 0.515 of a Trust Unit for each one (1) trust unit of Canetic. An aggregate of approximately 124.3 million Trust Units were issued. In addition, a special cash distribution in the amount of $0.09 per trust unit of Canetic was made to holders of trust units of Canetic of record at the close of business on January 10, 2008. An aggregate of approximately $21.7 million was distributed to Canetic unitholders on January 15, 2008. As a result of the Canetic Acquisition, based on the Sproule Canetic Report, Penn West acquired 92.0 MMbbl of light/medium crude oil and NGLs, 15.1 MMbbl of heavy oil and 403.2 Bcf of natural gas on a proved reserve basis and 127.2 MMbbl of light/medium crude oil and NGLs, 19.4 MMbbl of heavy oil and 597.9 Bcf of natural gas on a proved plus probable reserve basis. Penn West also acquired 774,000 net acres of undeveloped land. For detailed disclosure of the Sproule Canetic Report and other oil and gas information of Canetic in accordance with NI 51-101, see Appendix B hereto.

 

Penn West assumed approximately $1.4 billion of bank indebtedness of Canetic, $17.8 million principal amount of 6.5% 2005 Debentures issued by Canetic, $229.6 million principal amount of 6.5% 2006 Debentures issued by Canetic, $8.0 million principal amount of 8% 2004 Debentures issued by Canetic, and $5.6 million principal amount of 9.4% Debentures issued by Canetic in connection with the Canetic Acquisition.

 

In connection with the Canetic Acquisition, the Board of Directors of PWPL was reconstituted to include eight members of PWPL’s then existing board and four members of Canetic’s then existing board. In addition, in connection with and following the completion of the Canetic Acquisition, PWPL’s management team was reconstituted to, among other things,

 

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include certain former officers of Canetic. For detailed information regarding the current directors and officers of PWPL, see “Corporate Governance – Directors and Officers” below.

 

Concurrent with the closing of the Canetic Acquisition, Penn West secured a $4 billion credit facility for a three-year term with a syndicate of 18 Canadian and international banks. The new credit facility was initially used to retire Penn West’s indebtedness under its then existing bank credit facilities and to retire all bank indebtedness assumed by Penn West in connection with the Vault Acquisition and the Canetic Acquisition.

 

Significant Acquisitions

 

There were no significant acquisitions completed by Penn West during the financial year ended December 31, 2007 for which disclosure was required under Part 8 of National Instrument 51-102. However, the completion of the Canetic Acquisition on January 11, 2008 constituted a significant acquisition for which disclosure was required under Part 8 of National Instrument 51-102. For a description of the Canetic Acquisition, see “General Development of the Business – History and Development – Canetic Acquisition” above. Penn West has also filed a Form 51-102F4 – Business Acquisition Report in respect of the Canetic Acquisition.

 

DESCRIPTION OF OUR BUSINESS

 

Overview

 

Our principal undertaking is to issue Trust Units and to acquire and hold securities of Subsidiaries, net profits interests, royalties, notes and other interests. Our direct and indirect Subsidiaries carry on the business of acquiring, developing, exploiting and holding interests in petroleum and natural gas properties and assets related thereto. A portion of the funds flow from the assets is paid from PWPL and our other Operating Entities to us by way of interest and principal payments on the Internal Notes and payments under the NPI Agreements.

 

The Board of Directors may declare distributions payable to the Unitholders and allocate all or any of our income to the Unitholders. It is currently anticipated that the only income we will receive will be from PWPL and our other Operating Entities by way of interest received on the principal amount of the Internal Notes and payments pursuant to the NPIs. We make monthly cash distributions to Unitholders from this income after any expenses and any cash redemptions of Trust Units.

 

Cash distributions are made on or about the 15th day of each month to Unitholders of record on or about the last calendar day of the immediately preceding month.

 

As at February 29, 2008, we had approximately 1,850 employees and full time consultants.

 

PWPL

 

PWPL is a corporation amalgamated and subsisting pursuant to the laws of Alberta. PWPL is actively engaged in the business of oil and natural gas exploitation, development, acquisition and production in Canada. The Trust is the sole shareholder of PWPL. The registered and head office of PWPL is located at 2200, 425 – 1st Street S.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2P 3L8.

 

Internal Notes

 

The Internal Notes evidence the indebtedness of PWPL and certain other Operating Entities to Penn West. The Internal Notes are payable on demand, are unsecured, and are subordinated to senior indebtedness and bear interest at rates ranging from six percent per annum to 13 percent per annum and require principal payments at dates ranging from May 31, 2017 to January 1, 2019.

 

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NPIs

 

The Trust is a party to NPI Agreements with PWPL and certain other Operating Entities pursuant to which we have the right to receive the NPIs on petroleum and natural gas rights held by PWPL and the other Operating Entities from time to time. Pursuant to the terms of the agreements, we are entitled to a payment from PWPL and the other Operating Entities for each month equal to the amount by which 99 percent of the gross proceeds from the sale of production attributable to the property interests of PWPL and the other Operating Entities for such month exceeds 99 percent of certain deductible costs for such period. Deductible costs generally include capital expenditures, royalties, operating costs and certain interest expenses related to oil and gas activities. The term of the agreements is for as long as there are petroleum and natural gas rights to which the NPIs apply.

 

Pro Forma Reserves Data of Penn West, Canetic and Vault

 

The pro forma reserves data set forth below is an aggregate roll-up of Penn West’s reserves data, Canetic’s reserves data and Vault’s reserves data. Penn West’s reserves data is based upon an evaluation prepared by GLJ with an effective date of December 31, 2007 contained in the GLJ Report dated February 20, 2008. Canetic’s reserves data is based on an evaluation prepared by Sproule with an effective date of December 31, 2007 contained in the Sproule Canetic Report dated March 3, 2008. Vault’s reserves data is based upon an evaluation prepared by Sproule with an effective date of December 31, 2007 contained in the Sproule Vault Report dated March 3, 2008. Each of the aforementioned reports was prepared in accordance with NI 51-101.

 

The pro forma reserves data summarizes Penn West’s, Canetic’s and Vault’s oil, natural gas liquid and natural gas reserves and net present values of future net revenue from these reserves using forecast prices and costs, not including the effect of any hedging activities, as at December 31, 2007 assuming that all reserves were held by Penn West at that time. The same forecast price and cost assumptions were used in the GLJ Report, the Sproule Canetic Report and the Sproule Vault Report. For information respecting the forecast price and cost assumptions used and other relevant information, see “Notes to Reserves Data Tables” in Appendix A-3 Statement of Reserves Data – Penn West Energy Trust and in Appendix B-3 Statement of Reserves Data – Canetic Resources Trust.

 

See Appendices A-1, A-2 and A-3 for complete NI 51-101 oil and gas reserves disclosure for Penn West on a “stand-alone” basis as at December 31, 2007. See Appendices B-1, B-2 and B-3 for select  NI 51-101 oil and gas reserves disclosure for Canetic on a “stand-alone” basis as at December 31, 2007. See “General Development of the Business – History and Development – Vault Acquisition” for certain summary information in respect of Vault’s oil and gas reserves as at December 31, 2007 that is derived from the Sproule Vault Report.

 

The GLJ Report, the Sproule Canetic Report and the Sproule Vault Report do not take into account the new Alberta royalty regime released on October 25, 2007 titled “The New Royalty Framework”, which is scheduled to take effect on January 1, 2009, because sufficient details are not yet available for it to be taken into account. See “Risk Factors – New Alberta Royalty Regime”.

 

All of the pro forma reserves are in Canada and, specifically, in the provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan and Manitoba, other than some minor interests in the United States that Penn West acquired from Canetic pursuant to the Canetic Acquisition.

 

It should not be assumed that the estimates of future net revenues presented in the tables below represent the fair market value of the reserves. There is no assurance that the forecast prices and costs assumptions will be attained and variances could be material. The recovery and reserves estimates of crude oil, natural gas liquids and natural gas reserves provided herein are estimates only and there is no guarantee that the estimated reserves will be recovered. Actual crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquid reserves may be greater than or less than the estimates provided herein. For more information as to the risks involved, see “Risk Factors – Reserve and Resource Estimates” and “Risk Factors – Volatility of Oil and Natural Gas Prices”.

 

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PRO FORMA SUMMARY OF
PENN WEST, CANETIC AND VAULT OIL AND GAS RESERVES
as of December 31, 2007
FORECAST PRICES AND COSTS

 

 

 

RESERVES

 

 

 

LIGHT AND MEDIUM OIL

 

HEAVY OIL

 

RESERVES CATEGORY

 

Gross
(MMbbl)

 

Net
(MMbbl)

 

Gross
(MMbbl)

 

Net
(MMbbl)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PROVED

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Developed Producing

 

233.5

 

212.0

 

56.1

 

50.8

 

Developed Non-Producing

 

5.3

 

5.0

 

3.0

 

2.6

 

Undeveloped

 

38.7

 

34.8

 

1.5

 

1.4

 

TOTAL PROVED

 

277.5

 

251.8

 

60.6

 

54.7

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PROBABLE

 

89.7

 

80.3

 

20.6

 

18.3

 

TOTAL PROVED PLUS PROBABLE

 

367.2

 

332.0

 

81.2

 

73.1

 

 

 

 

RESERVES

 

 

 

NATURAL GAS

 

NATURAL GAS LIQUIDS

 

RESERVES CATEGORY

 

Gross
(Bcf)

 

Net
(Bcf)

 

Gross
(MMbbl)

 

Net
(MMbbl)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PROVED

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Developed Producing

 

1,027.2

 

830.4

 

27.1

 

19.0

 

Developed Non-Producing

 

66.3

 

52.4

 

1.4

 

0.9

 

Undeveloped

 

62.2

 

49.3

 

1.4

 

0.9

 

TOTAL PROVED

 

1,155.7

 

932.1

 

29.9

 

20.9

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PROBABLE

 

414.6

 

333.0

 

10.2

 

7.3

 

TOTAL PROVED PLUS PROBABLE

 

1,570.3

 

1,265.1

 

40.1

 

28.2

 

 

 

 

RESERVES

 

 

 

TOTAL OIL EQUIVALENT

 

RESERVES CATEGORY

 

Gross
(MMboe)

 

Net
(MMboe)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PROVED

 

 

 

 

 

Developed Producing

 

487.9

 

420.1

 

Developed Non-Producing

 

20.8

 

17.3

 

Undeveloped

 

52.0

 

45.4

 

TOTAL PROVED

 

560.6

 

482.8

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PROBABLE

 

189.7

 

161.4

 

TOTAL PROVED PLUS PROBABLE

 

750.2

 

644.2

 

 

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PRO FORMA
NET PRESENT VALUES OF FUTURE NET REVENUE OF PENN WEST, CANETIC AND VAULT
BEFORE INCOME TAXES DISCOUNTED AT (%/year)

FORECAST PRICES AND COSTS(1)

 

RESERVES CATEGORY

 

0%
(MM$)

 

5%
(MM$)

 

10%
(MM$)

 

15%
(MM$)

 

20%
(MM$)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PROVED

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Developed Producing

 

16,693

 

11,825

 

9,424

 

7,965

 

6,969

 

Developed Non-Producing

 

669

 

445

 

339

 

275

 

231

 

Undeveloped

 

2,053

 

1,102

 

679

 

451

 

313

 

TOTAL PROVED

 

19,415

 

13,372

 

10,442

 

8,691

 

7,512

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PROBABLE

 

7,374

 

3,713

 

2,333

 

1,652

 

1,256

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TOTAL PROVED PLUS PROBABLE

 

26,790

 

17,085

 

12,774

 

10,342

 

8,768

 

 


Note:

(1)           Management of PWPL has estimated that the impact of Alberta’s Proposed Royalty Regime, in the form currently proposed, is to decrease the pro forma net present values of future net revenue before income taxes by approximately 3 percent to 4 percent using a 10 percent discount rate and using the forecast prices set forth in this Annual Information Form.

 

PRO FORMA
NET PRESENT VALUES OF FUTURE NET REVENUE OF PENN WEST, CANETIC AND VAULT
AFTER INCOME TAXES DISCOUNTED AT (%/year)

FORECAST PRICES AND COSTS

 

RESERVES CATEGORY

 

0%
(MM$)

 

5%
(MM$)

 

10%
(MM$)

 

15%
(MM$)

 

20%
(MM$)

 

PROVED

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Developed Producing

 

15,298

 

11,185

 

9,071

 

7,749

 

6,829

 

Developed Non-Producing

 

543

 

376

 

293

 

242

 

207

 

Undeveloped

 

1,614

 

891

 

560

 

377

 

263

 

TOTAL PROVED

 

17,455

 

12,451

 

9,924

 

8,368

 

7,299

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PROBABLE

 

5,612

 

2,909

 

1,875

 

1,359

 

1,054

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TOTAL PROVED PLUS PROBABLE

 

23,068

 

15,360

 

11,798

 

9,727

 

8,353

 

 

CAPITALIZATION OF PWPL

 

Common Shares

 

PWPL has authorized for issuance an unlimited number of common shares.  We own all of the issued common shares.  The voting of such shares is delegated to the Board of Directors under the Trust Indenture other than:  (i) any sale, lease or other disposition of, or any interest in, all or substantially all of our assets, except in conjunction with an internal reorganization of our direct or indirect assets as a result of which we have the same, or substantially similar, interest, whether direct or indirect, in the assets as the interest, whether direct or indirect, that it had prior to the reorganization; (ii) any statutory amalgamation of PWPL with any other entity, except in conjunction with an internal reorganization as referred to in paragraph (i) above; (iii) any statutory arrangement involving PWPL, except in conjunction with an internal reorganization as referred to in paragraph (i) above; (iv) any amendment to the articles of PWPL to increase or decrease the minimum or maximum number of directors; or (v) any material amendment to the articles of PWPL to change the authorized share capital or amend the

 

15



 

rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions attaching to any class of PWPL’s shares in a manner which may be prejudicial to us, without the approval of the Unitholders by special resolution at a meeting of Unitholders called for that purpose.

 

The holders of common shares are entitled to receive notice of and to attend all meetings of the shareholders of PWPL and to one vote at such meetings.  The holders of common shares will be, at the discretion of the Board of Directors and subject to applicable legal restrictions, entitled to receive any dividends declared by the Board of Directors on the common shares. The holders of common shares will be entitled to share equally in any distribution of the assets of PWPL upon the liquidation, dissolution, bankruptcy or winding-up of PWPL or other distribution of its assets among its shareholders for the purpose of winding-up its affairs subject to the rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions attaching to any other shares having priority over the common shares.

 

Preferred Shares

 

PWPL is authorized to issue an unlimited number of preferred shares in series.  Before any shares of a particular series are issued, the Board of Directors shall, by resolution, fix the number of shares that will form such series and shall, subject to the limitations set out herein, by resolution fix the designation, rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions to be attached to the preferred shares of such series.  The preferred shares of each series shall rank on a parity with the preferred shares of every other series with respect to accumulated dividends and return of capital.  The preferred shares are entitled to a preference over the common shares and over any other shares of PWPL ranking junior to the preferred shares with respect to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets in the event of the liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of PWPL, whether voluntary or involuntary, or any other distribution of the assets of PWPL among its shareholders for the purpose of winding-up its affairs.

 

The Board of Directors has authorized one series of preferred shares, being the first preferred shares series A (the “Series A Preferred Shares”).  One thousand Series A Preferred Shares have been authorized for issuance.  Holders of Series A Preferred Shares are entitled to receive preferential cash dividends in such amounts as may be declared by the Board of Directors.  The payment of such dividends is in priority to dividends on the common shares of PWPL and all other shares ranking junior to the Series A Preferred Shares with respect to the payment of dividends.  PWPL has the right to redeem at any time all, or from time to time any part, of the then outstanding Series A Preferred Shares at a price per share equal to $1,000, together with all accrued and unpaid dividends thereon up to the date fixed for redemption.  Each registered holder of Series A Preferred Shares is entitled to require PWPL to retract at any time any Series A Preferred Shares tendered at a price per share equal to $1,000, together with all accrued and unpaid dividends thereon up to the retraction date.  In the event of the liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of PWPL or other distribution of the assets of PWPL among its shareholders for the purpose of winding-up its affairs, the holders of Series A Preferred Shares are entitled to receive an amount per Series A Preferred Share equal to $1,000 per share, together with any accrued and unpaid dividends to the date of commencement of such event, to be paid all such money before any money shall be paid or property or assets distributed to the holders of any common shares of PWPL or other shares in the capital of PWPL ranking junior to the Series A Preferred Shares with respect to return of capital.  After payment of the aforementioned amount, the Series A Preferred Shares shall not be entitled to share in any further distribution of the property or assets of PWPL.  So long as any Series A Preferred Shares are outstanding PWPL may not, without the approval of the holders of the Series A Preferred Shares, take certain actions unless all dividends which have been declared have been paid or set apart for payment.  Subject to applicable law, the holders of the Series A Preferred Shares are not entitled as such to any voting rights or to receive notice of or to attend any meeting of the shareholders of PWPL or to vote at any such meeting, except for meetings at which holders of a specified class or series of shares of PWPL are entitled or required to vote separately as a class or series pursuant to the provisions of the ABCA.

 

As at the date hereof, no preferred shares are issued and outstanding.

 

Borrowing

 

We borrow funds from time to time to finance the purchase of properties, for capital expenditures or for other financial obligations or expenditures in respect of properties held by us or for working capital purposes.

 

Certain debt service charges on borrowed funds attributable to our properties will be deducted in computing income under the NPIs.  Capital expenditures and any debt repayment will be scheduled to minimize any income tax payable by PWPL.

 

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INFORMATION RELATING TO PENN WEST

 

Trust Units

 

An unlimited number of Trust Units may be issued pursuant to the Trust Indenture.  The Trust Units represent equal undivided beneficial interests in Penn West. All Trust Units share equally in all distributions made by us and all Trust Units carry equal voting rights at meetings of Unitholders. No Unitholder will be liable to pay any further calls or assessments in respect of the Trust Units. No conversion, retraction or pre-emptive rights attach to the Trust Units.

 

As at March 26, 2008, approximately 374.2 million Trust Units were outstanding, approximately 6.3 million Trust Units were reserved for issuance on conversion of the Convertible Debentures and approximately 25.3 million Trust Units were available for future issuance pursuant to Penn West’s trust unit rights incentive plan and employee stock savings plan (subject to increase in accordance with such plans).

 

Special Voting Units

 

The Trust Indenture also provides for the issuance of special voting units and which are entitled to such number of votes at meetings of Unitholders and any other rights or limitations prescribed by the Board of Directors when the Board of Directors authorizes issuing such special voting units. The Trust Units and the special voting units vote together as a single class on all matters. In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, the holders of special voting units will not be entitled to receive any of our assets available for distribution to our Unitholders.  The holders of special voting units will not be entitled to receive dividends or other distributions from us.

 

Convertible Debentures

 

Penn West has six series of convertible debentures outstanding, the 6.5% 2005 Debentures, the 6.5% 2006 Debentures, the 7.2% Debentures, the 8% 2004 Debentures, the 8% 2005 Debentures and the 9.4% Debentures.  The 7.2% Debentures and the 8% 2005 Debentures were assumed by Penn West pursuant to the Vault Acquisition, which closed on January 10, 2008.  The 6.5% 2005 Debentures, the 6.5% 2006 Debentures, the 8% 2004 Debentures and the 9.4% Debentures were assumed by Penn West pursuant to the Canetic Acquisition, which closed on January 11, 2008.  The following is a summary of the material attributes and characteristics of the Convertible Debentures.

 

The 6.5% 2006 Debentures were originally issued in the aggregate principal amount of $230 million and $229.6 million principal amount was outstanding at March 26, 2008.  The 6.5% 2006 Debentures mature on December 31, 2011.

 

The 8% 2004 Debentures were originally issued in the aggregate principal amount of $75 million and approximately $8.0 million principal amount was outstanding at March 26, 2008.  The 8% 2004 Debentures mature on August 31, 2009.

 

The 6.5% 2005 Debentures were originally issued in the aggregate principal amount of $60 million and approximately $17.8 million principal amount was outstanding at March 26, 2008.  The 6.5% 2005 Debentures mature on July 31, 2010.

 

The 9.4% Debentures were originally issued in the aggregate principal amount of $50 million and approximately $5.6 million principal amount was outstanding at March 26, 2008.  The 9.4% Debentures mature on July 31, 2008.

 

The 8% 2005 Debentures were originally issued in the aggregate principal amount of $55 million and approximately $48.7 million principal amount was outstanding at March 26, 2008.  The 8% 2005 Debentures mature on June 30, 2010.

 

The 7.2% Debentures were originally issued in the aggregate principal amount of $50 million and approximately $26.2 million principal amount was outstanding at March 26, 2008.  The 7.2% Debentures mature on May 31, 2011.

 

Terms of Convertible Debentures

 

The 6.5% 2006 Debentures bear interest from the date of issue at 6.5% per annum, which is payable semi-annually in arrears on June 30 and December 31 in each year.  The 8% 2004 Debentures bear interest from the date of issue at 8% per annum, which is payable semi-annually in arrears on February 28 and August 31 in each year.  The 6.5% 2005 Debentures bear interest from the date of issue at 6.5% per annum, which is payable semi-annually in arrears on January 31 and July 31 in

 

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each year.  The 9.4% Debentures bear interest from the date of issue at 9.4% per annum, which is payable semi-annually in arrears on January 31 and July 31 in each year.  The 8% 2005 Debentures bear interest from the date of issue at 8% per annum, which is payable semi-annually in arrears on June 30 and December 31 in each year.  The 7.2% Debentures bear interest from the date of issue at 7.2% per annum, which is payable semi-annually in arrears on May 31 and November 30 in each year.

 

The principal amount of the Convertible Debentures is payable in lawful money of Canada or, at the option of the Trust and subject to applicable regulatory approval, by payment of Trust Units as further described under “Payment Upon Redemption or Maturity” and “Redemption and Purchase”.  The interest on the Convertible Debentures is payable in lawful money of Canada and, in the case of certain of the Convertible Debentures, at the option of the Trust and subject to applicable regulatory approval, in accordance with the Interest Obligation as described under “Interest Payment Option”.

 

The Convertible Debentures are direct obligations of the Trust and are not secured by any mortgage, pledge, hypothec or other charge and are subordinated to other liabilities of the Trust as described under “Subordination”.  The indentures governing the Convertible Debentures do not restrict the Trust from incurring additional indebtedness for borrowed money or from mortgaging, pledging or charging its properties to secure any indebtedness.

 

Conversion Privilege

 

The 6.5% 2006 Debentures are convertible at the holder’s option into fully paid and non-assessable Trust Units at any time prior to the close of business on the earlier of December 31, 2011, and the last business day immediately preceding the date specified by Penn West for redemption of the 6.5% 2006 Debentures, at a conversion price of $51.5534 per Trust Unit, being a conversion rate of approximately 19.3974 Trust Units for each $1,000 principal amount of 6.5% 2006 Debentures.

 

The 8% 2004 Debentures are convertible at the holder’s option into fully paid and non-assessable Trust Units at any time prior to the close of business on the earlier of August 31, 2009, and the last business day immediately preceding the date specified by Penn West for redemption of the 8% 2004 Debentures, at a conversion price of $30.2136 per Trust Unit, being a conversion rate of approximately 33.0977 Trust Units for each $1,000 principal amount of 8% 2004 Debentures.

 

The 6.5% 2005 Debentures are convertible at the holder’s option into fully paid and non-assessable Trust Units at any time prior to the close of business on the earlier of July 31, 2010 and the last business day immediately preceding the date specified by Penn West for redemption of the 6.5% 2005 Debentures, at a conversion price of $36.8155 per Trust Unit, being a conversion rate of approximately 27.1625 Trust Units for each $1,000 principal amount of 6.5% 2005 Debentures.

 

The 9.4% Debentures are convertible at the holder’s option into fully paid and non-assessable Trust Units at any time prior to the close of business on the earlier of July 31, 2008 and the last business day immediately preceding the date specified by Penn West for redemption of the 9.4% Debentures, at a conversion price of $31.1068 per Trust Unit, being a conversion rate of approximately 32.1473 Trust Units for each $1,000 principal amount of 9.4% Debentures.

 

The 7.2% Debentures are convertible at the holder’s option into fully paid and non-assessable Trust Units at any time prior to the close of business on the earlier of May 31, 2011 and the last business day immediately preceding the date specified by Penn West for redemption of the 7.2% Debentures, at a conversion price of $75.00 per Trust Unit, being a conversion rate of approximately 13.3333 Trust Units for each $1,000 principal amount of 7.2% Debentures.

 

The 8% 2005 Debentures are convertible at the holder’s option into fully paid and non-assessable Trust Units at any time prior to the close of business on the earlier of June 30, 2010 and the last business day immediately preceding the date specified by Penn West for redemption of the 8% 2005 Debentures, at a conversion price of $82.14 per Trust Unit, being a conversion rate of approximately 12.1743 Trust Units for each $1,000 principal amount of 8% 2005 Debentures.

 

Redemption and Purchase

 

The 6.5% 2006 Debentures are not redeemable on or before December 31, 2009.  After December 31, 2009 and prior to maturity, the 6.5% 2006 Debentures may be redeemed in whole or in part from time to time at the option of the Trust on not more than 60 days and not less than 30 days prior notice, at a redemption price of $1,050 per 6.5% 2006 Debenture after December 31, 2009 and on or before December 31, 2010 and at a redemption price of $1,025 per 6.5% 2006 Debenture after

 

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December 31, 2010 and before maturity (each a “6.5% 2006 Redemption Price”) in each case, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon, if any.

 

The 8% 2004 Debentures may be redeemed in whole or in part from time to time at the option of the Trust on not more than 60 days and not less than 40 days prior notice, at a redemption price of $1,050 per 8% 2004 Debenture on or before August 31, 2008 and at a redemption price of $1,025 per 8% 2004 Debenture after August 31, 2008 and before maturity (each an “8% 2004 Redemption Price”), in each case, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon, if any.

 

The 6.5% 2005 Debentures are not redeemable on or before July 31, 2008.  The Trust may, on not more than 60 days and not less than 30 days prior notice, redeem the 6.5% 2005 Debentures at a redemption price of $1,050 per 6.5% 2005 Debenture after July 31, 2008, and on or before July 31, 2009, and at a price of $1,025 per 6.5% 2005 Debenture after July 31, 2009 and before July 31, 2010 (each a “6.5% 2005 Redemption Price”), plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon, if any.

 

The Trust may, on not more than 60 days and not less than 30 days prior notice, redeem the 9.4% Debentures at a redemption price of $1,025 per 9.4% Debenture before July 31, 2008 (each a “9.4% Redemption Price”), plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon, if any.

 

The 7.2% Debentures are not redeemable on or before May 31, 2009.  The Trust may, on not more than 60 days and not less than 30 days prior notice, redeem the 7.2% Debentures at a redemption price of $1,050 per 7.2% Debenture after May 31, 2009 and on or before May 31, 2010, and a price of $1,025 per 7.2% Debenture after May 31, 2010 and before May 31, 2011 (each a “7.2% Redemption Price”), plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon, if any.

 

The 8% 2005 Debentures are not redeemable on or before June 30, 2008.  After June 30, 2008 and prior to maturity, debenture holders may cause the Trust to redeem the 8% 2005 Debentures in whole or in part from time to time on not more than 60 days and not less than 30 days prior notice, at a redemption price of $1,050 per 8% 2005 Debenture after June 30, 2008 and before July 1, 2009, and a redemption price of $1,025 per 8% 2005 Debenture on or after July 1, 2009 and before maturity (each an “8% 2005 Redemption Price”), in each case, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon, if any.

 

The Trust has the right to purchase Convertible Debentures in the market, by tender or by private contract.

 

Payment upon Redemption or Maturity

 

On redemption or at maturity, the Trust will repay the indebtedness represented by the Convertible Debentures by paying to the Debenture Trustee in lawful money of Canada an amount equal to the aggregate applicable redemption price of the outstanding Convertible Debentures which are to be redeemed or the principal amount of the outstanding Convertible Debentures which have matured together with accrued and unpaid interest thereon up to but excluding the date of redemption or maturity, as applicable.  The Trust may, at its option, and subject to applicable regulatory approval, elect to satisfy its obligation to pay the applicable redemption price of the Convertible Debentures which are to be redeemed or the principal amount of the Convertible Debentures which have matured, as the case may be, by issuing Trust Units to the holders of the Convertible Debentures.  Any accrued and unpaid interest thereon will be paid in cash.  The number of Trust Units to be issued will be determined by dividing the aggregate applicable redemption price of the outstanding Convertible Debentures which are to be redeemed or the principal amount of the outstanding Convertible Debentures which have matured, as the case may be, by 95 percent of the Current Market Price of the Trust Units on the date fixed for redemption or the maturity date, as the case may be.  The term “Current Market Price” is defined in the Convertible Debenture indentures to mean the weighted average trading price of the Trust Units on the TSX for the 20 consecutive trading days ending on the fifth trading day preceding the date fixed for redemption or the maturity date, as the case may be.

 

Subordination

 

The payment of the principal of, and interest on, the Convertible Debentures is subordinated in right of payment, as set forth in the Debenture Indentures, to the prior payment in full of all Senior Indebtedness of the Trust.  “Senior Indebtedness” of the Trust is defined in the Debenture Indentures as the principal of and premium, if any, and interest on and other amounts in respect of all indebtedness of the Trust (whether outstanding as at the date of the Debenture Indentures or thereafter incurred) which includes any indebtedness to trade creditors, other than indebtedness evidenced by the Convertible Debentures and all other existing and future debentures or other instruments of the Trust which, by the terms of the instrument creating or

 

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evidencing the indebtedness, is expressed to be pari passu with, or subordinate in right of payment to, the Convertible Debentures.

 

The Debenture Indentures provide that in the event of any insolvency or bankruptcy proceedings, or any receivership, liquidation, reorganization or other similar proceedings relative to the Trust, or to its property or assets, or in the event of any proceedings for voluntary liquidation, dissolution or other winding-up of the Trust, whether or not involving insolvency or bankruptcy, or any marshalling of the assets and liabilities of the Trust, then those holders of Senior Indebtedness, including any indebtedness to trade creditors, will receive payment in full before the holders of Convertible Debentures will be entitled to receive any payment or distribution of any kind or character, whether in cash, property or securities, which may be payable or deliverable in any such event in respect of any of the Convertible Debentures or any unpaid interest accrued thereon.  The Debenture Indentures also provide that the Trust will not make any payment, and the holders of the Convertible Debentures will not be entitled to demand, institute proceedings for the collection of, or receive any payment or benefit (including, without any limitation, by set-off, combination of accounts or realization of security or otherwise in any manner whatsoever) on account of indebtedness represented by the Convertible Debentures (a) in a manner inconsistent with the terms (as they exist on the date of issue) of the Convertible Debentures or (b) at any time when an event of default has occurred under the Senior Indebtedness and is continuing and the notice of such event of default has been given by or on behalf of the holders of Senior Indebtedness to the Trust, unless the Senior Indebtedness has been repaid in full.

 

The Convertible Debentures are effectively subordinate to claims of creditors of the Trust’s Subsidiaries except to the extent the Trust is a creditor of such Subsidiaries ranking at least pari passu with such other creditors.  Specifically, the Convertible Debentures are subordinated in right of payment to the prior payment in full of all indebtedness under the Trust’s credit facilities and to the prior payment in full of PWPL’s US$475 million principal amount of notes.

 

Priority over Trust Distributions

 

The Debenture Indentures provide that certain expenses of the Trust must be deducted in calculating the amount to be distributed to the Unitholders.  Accordingly, the funds required to satisfy the interest payable on the Convertible Debentures, as well as the amount payable upon redemption or maturity of the Convertible Debentures or upon an Event of Default (as defined below), will be deducted and withheld from the amounts that would otherwise be payable as distributions to Unitholders.

 

Change of Control of the Trust

 

Within 30 days following the occurrence of a change of control of the Trust involving the acquisition of voting control or direction over 66 2/3 percent or more of the Trust Units (a “Change of Control”), the Trust is required to make an offer in writing to purchase all of the Convertible Debentures then outstanding (the “Debenture Offer”), at a price equal to 101 percent of the principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest (the “Debenture Offer Price”).

 

If 90 percent or more of the aggregate principal amount of any series of Convertible Debentures outstanding on the date of the giving of notice of the Change of Control have been tendered to the Trust pursuant to the applicable Debenture Offer, the Trust will have the right and obligation to redeem all the remaining Convertible Debentures of that series, at the applicable Debenture Offer Price.

 

Interest Payment Option

 

The Trust may elect, from time to time, to satisfy its obligation to pay all or any part of the interest on the 6.5% 2006 Debentures, the 8% 2004 Debentures, the 6.5% 2005 Debentures and the 9.4% Debentures (but, for greater certainty, not the 7.2% Debentures or the 8% 2005 Debentures) (the “Interest Obligation”), on the date it is payable under the applicable Debenture Indenture (an “Interest Payment Date”), by delivering sufficient Trust Units to the Debenture Trustee to satisfy all or the part, as the case may be, of the Interest Obligation in accordance with the applicable Debenture Indenture (the “Unit Interest Payment Election”).  The Debenture Indentures provide that, upon such election, the Debenture Trustee shall: (a) accept delivery from the Trust of Trust Units; (b) accept bids with respect to, and consummate sales of, such Trust Units, each as the Trust shall direct in its absolute discretion; (c) invest the proceeds of such sales in short-term permitted government securities (as defined in the applicable Debenture Indenture) which mature prior to the applicable Interest Payment Date, and use the proceeds received from such permitted government securities, together with any proceeds from

 

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the sale of Trust Units not invested as aforesaid, to satisfy the Interest Obligation; and (d) perform any other action necessarily incidental thereto.

 

If a Unit Interest Payment Election is made, the sole right of a holder of Convertible Debentures in respect of interest will be to receive cash from the Debenture Trustee out of the proceeds of the sale of Trust Units (plus any amount received by the Debenture Trustee from the Trust attributable to any fractional Trust Units) in full satisfaction of the Interest Obligation, and the holder of such Convertible Debentures will have no further recourse to the Trust in respect of the Interest Obligation.

 

Events of Default

 

The Debenture Indentures provide that an event of default (“Event of Default”) in respect of the Convertible Debentures will occur if any one or more of the following described events has occurred and is continuing with respect of the Convertible Debentures: (a) failure for 10 days to pay interest on the Convertible Debentures when due; (b) failure to pay principal or premium, if any, on the Convertible Debentures when due, whether at maturity, upon redemption, by declaration or otherwise; (c) certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of the Trust under bankruptcy or insolvency laws; or (d) default in the observance or performance of any material covenant or condition of the Debenture Indentures and continuance of such default for a period of 30 days after notice in writing has been given by the Debenture Trustee to the Trust specifying such default and requiring the Trust to rectify the same.  If an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Debenture Trustee may, in its discretion, and shall upon request of holders of not less than 25 percent of the principal amount of the applicable Convertible Debentures then outstanding, declare the principal of and interest on all outstanding such Convertible Debentures to be immediately due and payable.  In certain cases, the holders of more than 50 percent of the principal amount of the applicable Convertible Debentures then outstanding may, on behalf of the holders of all such Convertible Debentures, waive any Event of Default and/or cancel any such declaration upon such terms and conditions as such holders shall prescribe.

 

Offers for Debentures

 

The Debenture Indentures contain provisions to the effect that if an offer is made for any series of Convertible Debentures, which is a take-over bid for such series of Convertible Debentures within the meaning of the Securities Act (Alberta) and not less than 90 percent of such Convertible Debentures (other than Convertible Debentures held at the date of the take-over bid by or on behalf of the offeror or associates or affiliates of the offeror) are taken up and paid for by the offeror, the offeror will be entitled to acquire the Convertible Debentures held by the holders of such series of Convertible Debentures who did not accept the offer on the terms offered by the offeror.

 

Modification

 

The rights of the holders of the Convertible Debentures may be modified in accordance with the terms of the Debenture Indentures.  For that purpose, among others, the Debenture Indentures contain certain provisions which will make binding on all Convertible Debenture holders’ resolutions passed at meetings of the holders of Convertible Debentures by votes cast thereat by holders of not less than 662/3 percent of the principal amount of the Convertible Debentures present at the meeting or represented by proxy, or rendered by instruments in writing signed by the holders of not less than 662/3 percent of the principal amount of the Convertible Debentures then outstanding. In certain cases, the modification will, instead or in addition, require assent by the holders of the required percentage of Convertible Debentures of each particularly affected series.

 

Limitation on Issuance of Additional Convertible Debentures

 

The Debenture Indentures provide that the Trust shall not issue additional Convertible Debentures of equal ranking if the principal amount of all issued and outstanding Convertible Debenture of the Trust exceeds 25 percent  of the Total Market Capitalization of the Trust immediately after the issuance of such additional Convertible Debenture.  “Total Market Capitalization” is defined in the Debenture Indentures as the total principal amount of all issued and outstanding Convertible Debentures of the Trust which are convertible at the option of the holder into Trust Units plus the amount obtained by multiplying the number of issued and outstanding Trust Units by the Current Market Price of the Trust Units on the relevant date.

 

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Limitation on Non-Resident Ownership

 

The Debenture Trustee may require declarations as to the jurisdictions in which beneficial owners of Convertible Debentures are resident.  If the Debenture Trustee becomes aware as a result of requiring such declarations as to beneficial ownership, that the beneficial owners of 49 percent of the Trust Units then outstanding (40 percent in the case of the 6.5% 2006 Debentures and not more than half in the case of the 8% 2005 Debentures and the 7.2% Debentures), on a fully diluted basis, are, or may be, Non-Residents or that such a situation is imminent, the Debenture Trustee may make a public announcement thereof and shall not register a transfer of Convertible Debentures to a person unless the person provides a declaration that the person is not a Non-Resident.  If, notwithstanding the foregoing, the Debenture Trustee determines that a majority of the Trust Units are held by Non-Residents, the Debenture Trustee may send a notice to Non-Resident holders of Convertible Debentures, chosen in inverse order to the order of acquisition or registration of the Convertible Debentures or in such manner as the Debenture Trustee may consider equitable and practicable, requiring them to sell their Convertible Debentures or a portion thereof within a specified period of not less than 60 days.  If the Convertible Debenture holders receiving such notice have not sold the specified number of Convertible Debentures or provided the Debenture Trustee with satisfactory evidence that they are not Non-Residents within such period, the Debenture Trustee may on behalf of such holder of Convertible Debentures, and, in the interim, shall suspend the rights attached to such Convertible Debentures.  Upon such sale the affected holders shall cease to be holders of Convertible Debentures, and their rights shall be limited to receiving the net proceeds of sale upon surrender of such Convertible Debentures.

 

Book-Entry System for Convertible Debentures

 

The Convertible Debentures (other than the 8% 2005 Debentures) are issued in “book-entry only” form and must be purchased or transferred through a participant in the depository service of CDS & Co.  The Convertible Debentures (other than the 8% 2005 Debentures) are evidenced by a single book-entry only certificate.  Registration of interests in and transfers of the Convertible Debentures (other than the 8% 2005 Debentures) is made only through the depository service of CDS & Co.

 

The 8% 2005 Debentures are issued as fully registered debentures in certificated form and beneficial holders of 8% 2005 Debentures may receive definitive certificates representing their interest in 8% 2005 Debentures.

 

Ratings

 

Penn West has not asked for and received a stability rating, and it is not aware that it has received any other kind of rating, including a provisional rating, from one or more approved rating organizations for outstanding securities of Penn West, which rating or ratings continue in effect.

 

Trust Indenture

 

The Trust Indenture, among other things, provides for the calling of meetings of Unitholders, the conduct of business thereof, notice provisions, the appointment and removal of the Trustee and the form of Trust Unit certificates.  The Trust Indenture may be amended from time to time. Substantive amendments to the Trust Indenture, including early termination of the Trust and the sale or transfer of our property as an entirety or substantially as an entirety, requires approval by special resolution of the Unitholders.  See “Information Relating to the Trust – Meetings and Voting” below.

 

The following is a summary of certain provisions of the Trust Indenture.  For a complete description of such indenture, reference should be made to the Trust Indenture, a copy of which has been filed on SEDAR at www.sedar.com.

 

Trustee

 

CIBC Mellon Trust Company was appointed our trustee on May 27, 2005, and also acts as the transfer agent for the Trust Units.  The Trustee is responsible for, among other things, accepting subscriptions for Trust Units and issuing Trust Units pursuant thereto and maintaining our books and records and providing timely reports to holders of Trust Units.  The Trust Indenture provides that the Trustee shall exercise its powers and carry out its functions thereunder as Trustee honestly, in good faith and in our best interests and in the best interest of the Unitholders and, in connection therewith, shall exercise that degree of care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent trustee would exercise in comparable circumstances.

 

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The initial term of the Trustee’s appointment is until the third annual meeting of Unitholders.  The Unitholders shall, at the third annual meeting of the Unitholders, re-appoint, or appoint a successor to the Trustee for an additional three year term, and thereafter, the Unitholders are required to re-appoint or appoint a successor to the Trustee at the annual meeting of Unitholders three years following the re-appointment or appointment of the successor to the Trustee.  The Trustee may also be removed by special resolution of the Unitholders.  Such resignation or removal becomes effective upon the acceptance or appointment of a successor trustee.

 

PWPL presently administers us on behalf of the Trustee.  PWPL, on behalf of the Trustee, keeps such books and records as are necessary for the proper recording of our business transactions.

 

The Trust Indenture provides that the Trustee shall be under no liability for any action or failure to act unless such liabilities arise out of the Trustee’s negligence, wilful default or fraud.  The Trustee is indemnified out of our assets for any liabilities relating to any taxes or other government charges imposed upon the Trustee or in consequence of its performance of its duties unless such liabilities arise principally and directly out of gross negligence, wilful default or fraud of the Trustee, but has no additional recourse against Unitholders.  In addition, the Trust Indenture contains other customary provisions limiting the liability of the Trustee.

 

The Trust Indenture also provides that the Trustee may without Unitholder approval amend the articles of PWPL to issue shares of PWPL which are exchangeable for Trust Units.  There are no exchangeable shares issued or outstanding.

 

Future Offerings

 

The Trust Indenture provides that Trust Units, including rights, warrants and other securities to purchase, to convert into or to exchange into Trust Units, may be created, issued, sold and delivered on such terms and conditions and at such times as the Trustee, upon the recommendation of the Board of Directors, may determine.  The Trust Indenture also provides that PWPL may authorize the creation and issuance of debentures, notes and other evidences of indebtedness by us which debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness may be created and issued from time to time on such terms and conditions to such persons and for such consideration as the Board of Directors may determine.

 

Meetings and Voting

 

Meetings of the Unitholders will be held annually.  Special meetings of Unitholders may be called at any time by the Trustee and shall be called by the Trustee upon the written request of Unitholders holding in aggregate not less than 20 percent of the Trust Units.  Notice of all meetings of Unitholders shall be given to Unitholders at least 21 days prior to the meeting.

 

Unitholders will be entitled at each annual meeting to appoint our auditors and to elect all the members of the Board of Directors.

 

Our Management

 

The Board of Directors has generally been delegated all of our significant management decisions pursuant to the Trust Indenture and the Administration Agreement.  For more information, see “Corporate Governance”.

 

PWPL has accepted all such delegation and has agreed that, in respect of such matters, it shall carry out its functions honestly, in good faith and in our best interests and the best interests of the Unitholders and, in connection therewith, shall exercise that degree of care, diligence and skill that a reasonable person would exercise in comparable circumstances.

 

Limitation on Non-Resident Ownership

 

In order for us to maintain our status as a mutual fund trust under the Tax Act, we must not be established or maintained primarily for the benefit of Non-Residents unless we satisfy the requirements of certain exceptions. The Trust Indenture provides that Penn West will use its best commercial efforts to maintain its status as a mutual fund trust under the Tax Act.  Generally speaking, the Tax Act provides that a trust will permanently lose its “mutual fund trust” status (which is essential to the income trust structure) if it is established or maintained primarily for the benefit of Non-Residents (which is generally interpreted to mean that the majority of unitholders must not be Non-Residents), unless at the relevant time, “all or

 

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substantially all” of the trust’s property consists of property other than taxable Canadian property (the “TCP Exception”).  We have determined that we currently meet the requirement of the TCP Exception, and as a result, the Trust Indenture does not currently have a specific limit on the percentage of Trust Units that may be owned by Non-Residents.  See “Risk Factors – Non-Resident Ownership of Trust Units”.

 

Right of Redemption

 

Trust Units are redeemable at any time on demand by the holders thereof upon delivery to the Trust of the certificate or certificates representing such Trust Units, accompanied by a duly completed and properly executed notice requiring redemption.  Upon receipt of the notice to redeem Trust Units by the Trust, the holder thereof shall only be entitled to receive a price per Trust Unit (the “Market Redemption Price”) equal to the least of: (i) 95 percent of the “market price” of the Trust Units on the principal market on which the Trust Units are quoted for trading during the 10 trading day period commencing immediately after the date on which the Trust Units are tendered to the Trust for redemption; (ii) 95 percent of the closing market price on the principal market on which the Trust Units are quoted for trading on the date that the Trust Units are so tendered for redemption; and (iii) 95 percent of the closing market price of the Trust Units on the date of redemption.

 

For the purposes of this calculation, “market price” will be an amount equal to the simple average of the closing price of the Trust Units for each of the trading days on which there was a closing price; provided that, if the applicable exchange or market does not provide a closing price but only provides the highest and lowest prices of the Trust Units traded on a particular day, the market price shall be an amount equal to the simple average of the average of the highest and lowest prices for each of the trading days on which there was a trade; and provided further that if there was trading on the applicable exchange or market for fewer than five of the 10 trading days, the market price shall be the simple average of the following prices established for each of the 10 trading days: the average of the last bid and last ask prices for each day on which there was no trading; the closing price of the Trust Units for each day that there was trading if the exchange or market provides a closing price; and the average of the highest and lowest prices of the Trust Units for each day that there was trading, if the market provides only the highest and lowest prices of Trust Units traded on a particular day.  The closing market price shall be: an amount equal to the closing price of the Trust Units if there was a trade on the date; an amount equal to the average of the highest and lowest prices of the Trust Units if there was trading and the exchange or other market provides only the highest and lowest prices of Trust Units traded on a particular day; and the average of the last bid and last ask prices if there was no trading on the date.

 

The Market Redemption Price payable by the Trust in respect of any Trust Units tendered for redemption during any calendar month shall be satisfied by way of cheque payable on the last day of the calendar month following the month in which the Trust Units were tendered for redemption.  The entitlement of Unitholders to receive a cheque upon the redemption of their Trust Units is subject to the limitation that the total amount payable by the Trust in respect of such Trust Units and all other Trust Units tendered for redemption in the same calendar month shall not exceed $250,000 provided that, Penn West may, in its sole discretion, waive such limitation in respect of any calendar month. If this limitation is not so waived, the Market Redemption Price payable by the Trust in respect of Trust Units tendered for redemption in such calendar month shall be paid on the last day of the calendar month following such month by the Trust distributing redemption notes of PWPL to the Unitholders who exercised the right of redemption.

 

The redemption notes will be due on the third anniversary of the date of issuance and will bear interest at a rate per annum to be set by the directors of PWPL in the context of the prevailing interest rates for debt instruments having equivalent terms and conditions.  The redemption notes will be issued under a trust indenture and will provide for their issuance to the Trust in consideration of cash or as a reduction in the principal amount of the Internal Notes issued by PWPL to the Trust.

 

It is anticipated that this redemption right will not be the primary mechanism for holders of Trust Units to dispose of their Trust Units.  Redemption notes which may be distributed in specie to Unitholders in connection with a redemption will not be listed on any stock exchange and no market is expected to develop in such redemption notes.  Redemption notes may not be qualified investments for trusts governed by registered retirement savings plans, registered retirement income funds, deferred profit sharing plans and registered education savings plans.

 

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Termination of the Trust

 

The Unitholders may vote to terminate the Trust at any meeting of the Unitholders, subject to the following: (a) a vote may only be held if requested in writing by the holders of not less than 20 percent of the Trust Units; (b) a quorum of 50 percent of the issued and outstanding Trust Units is present in person or by proxy; and (c) the termination must be approved by special resolution of the Unitholders.

 

Unless the Trust is earlier terminated or extended by vote of the Unitholders, the Trustee shall commence to wind-up the affairs of the Trust on December 31, 2099.  In the event that the Trust is wound-up, the Trustee will liquidate all our assets, pay, retire, discharge or make provision for some or all of our obligations and then distribute the remaining proceeds of sale to Unitholders.

 

Reporting to Unitholders

 

Our financial statements will be audited annually by an independent recognized firm of chartered accountants. Our audited financial statements, together with the report of such chartered accountants, will be mailed by the Trustee to Unitholders if previously requested and, if previously requested, the unaudited interim financial statements will be mailed to Unitholders within the periods prescribed by securities legislation. Our year end is December 31.  We are also subject to the continuous disclosure obligations under all applicable securities legislation.

 

Unitholders are entitled to inspect, during normal business hours, at the offices of the Trustee, and upon payment of reasonable reproduction costs, to receive photocopies of the Trust Indenture and a listing of the registered holders of Trust Units.

 

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

 

General

 

In general, PWPL has been delegated responsibility for substantially all of the management decisions of Penn West.  The Unitholders are entitled to elect all of the members of the Board of Directors of PWPL pursuant to the terms of the Trust Indenture.

 

Trust Indenture

 

Pursuant to the Trust Indenture, Unitholders are entitled to direct the manner in which we will vote our common shares in PWPL at all meetings in respect of matters relating to the election of the directors of PWPL, approving its financial statements and appointing auditors of PWPL who shall be the same as our auditors.  Prior to us voting our common shares in PWPL in respect of such matters, each Unitholder is entitled to vote in respect of the matter on the basis of one vote per Trust Unit held, and we are required to vote our common shares in PWPL in accordance with the result of the vote of Unitholders.

 

Decision Making

 

The Board of Directors has a mandate to supervise the management of our business and affairs, PWPL and our other direct or indirect Subsidiaries and to act with a view to our best interest.  The Board of Directors’ mandate includes:  (i) any offering of securities; (ii) ensuring compliance with all applicable laws, including in relation to an offering of securities; (iii) all matters relating to the content of any documents relating to an offering of securities, the accuracy of the disclosure contained therein, and the certification thereof; (iv) all matters concerning the terms of, and amendment from time to time of, material contracts; (v) all matters concerning any subscription agreement or underwriting or agency agreement providing for the sale or issue of Trust Units or securities convertible for or exchangeable into Trust Units or rights to acquire Trust Units; (vi) all matters relating to the redemption of Trust Units; (vii) all matters relating to the voting rights on any investments; (viii) all matters relating to the specific powers and authorities as set forth in the Trust Indenture; (ix) the adoption of a Unitholder rights plan and other miscellaneous matters relating to the maximization of Unitholder value; and (x) all matters relating to amending PWPL’s articles to create exchangeable shares.  The Board of Directors holds regularly scheduled meetings at least quarterly to review the business and affairs of our Subsidiaries and make any necessary decisions relating thereto.

 

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The Trust Indenture gives to the Board of Directors the authority to exercise the rights, powers and privileges for all matters relating to the maximization of Unitholder value in the context of a take-over bid (an “Offer”) including any Unitholder rights protection plan, any defensive action to an Offer, any directors circular in response to an Offer, any regulatory or court proceeding relating to an Offer and any related or ancillary matter.

 

Distributions and Distribution Policy

 

Cash distributions are made on the 15th day (or if such date is not a business day, on the preceding business day) following the end of each calendar month to Unitholders of record on the last business day of each such calendar month or such other date as determined from time to time by the Trustee.

 

The Board of Directors on our behalf reviews the distribution policy from time to time. The actual amount distributed will be dependent on various factors, including the commodity price environment, and is at the discretion of the Board of Directors of PWPL. The current distribution policy targets the use of approximately 60 percent to 70 percent of funds flow for distribution to Unitholders. Depending upon various factors, including commodity prices and the size of Penn West’s capital budget, it is expected that approximately 30 percent to 40 percent of funds flow will fund all or a portion of Penn West’s annual capital expenditure program, including exploration, exploitation expenditures and minor property acquisitions, but excluding major acquisitions.

 

Distributions are normally announced on a monthly basis in the context of prevailing and anticipated commodity prices. During periods of volatile commodity prices, we may vary the distribution rate monthly.

 

Pursuant to the provisions of the Trust Indenture all taxable income earned by Penn West in a fiscal year, not previously distributed in that fiscal year, must be distributed to Unitholders of record on December 31. This excess income, if any, will be allocated to Unitholders of record at December 31 but the right to receive this income, if the amount is not determined and declared payable at December 31, will trade with the Trust Units until determined and declared payable in accordance with the rules of the TSX. To the extent that a Unitholder trades Trust Units in this period they will be allocated such income but will dispose of their right to receive the cash or Trust Units comprising such a distribution.

 

The credit agreement governing Penn West’s $4 billion syndicated credit facility and the note purchase agreement governing PWPL’s US$475 million principal amount of notes both contain provisions which restrict the ability of PWPL to pay Penn West under the NPIs and interest on the Internal Notes and thereby may restrict distributions to Unitholders in the event of the occurrence of certain events of default. For further information regarding the credit agreement governing our syndicated credit facility, reference is made to note 5 of our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2007. For further information regarding the note purchase agreement governing PWPL’s notes, reference is made to note 5 of our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2007. Note 5 of our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2007 is incorporated by reference in this Annual Information Form. Our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2007 are filed on SEDAR at www.sedar.com. For additional information, see “Risk Factors – Debt Service”.

 

Directors and Executive Officers of PWPL

 

The following table sets forth the name, province/state and country of residence and positions and offices held for each of the directors and executive officers of PWPL as of February 29, 2008 following completion of the Canetic Acquisition, together with their principal occupations during the last five years. The directors of PWPL will hold office until the next annual meeting of Unitholders or until their respective successors have been duly elected or appointed.

 

Name, Province/State and
Country of Residence

 

Positions and Offices Held

 

Principal Occupations
during the Five Preceding Years

James E. Allard(1)
Alberta, Canada

 

Director since 2006

 

Independent director and business advisor. Also, a member of the Alberta Securities Commission from 1999 to 2005.

 

26



 

Name, Province/State and
Country of Residence

 

Positions and Offices Held

 

Principal Occupations
during the Five Preceding Years

 

 

 

 

 

William E. Andrew
Alberta, Canada

 

Chief Executive Officer
Director since 1994

 

Chief Executive Officer of PWPL since January 11, 2008. Prior thereto, President and Chief Executive Officer of PWPL since May 2005. Prior thereto, President of PWPL.

 

 

 

 

 

Robert G. Brawn(3)(5)
Alberta, Canada

 

Director since January 11, 2008

 

President of 738831 Alberta Ltd. (a private investment company) since 2003. Prior thereto, Chairman of Acclaim Energy Inc. (“Acclaim”), the administrator of Acclaim Energy Trust (a public oil and gas income trust), a predecessor of Canetic. Also, a corporate director of a number of companies, including a director of the administrator of Canetic from its inception in January 2006 until January 2008.

 

 

 

 

 

George H. Brookman(2)(4)(5)
Alberta, Canada

 

Director since 2005

 

President and Chief Executive Officer of West Canadian Industries Group Inc. (a commercial digital printing and graphics company).

 

 

 

 

 

John A. Brussa
Alberta, Canada

 

Chairman of the Board of Directors and director since 1995

 

Senior Partner, Burnet, Duckworth & Palmer LLP (barristers and solicitors).

 

 

 

 

 

Daryl Gilbert(3)(5)
Alberta, Canada

 

Director since January 11, 2008

 

President and Chief Executive Officer of GLJ Petroleum Consultants Ltd. (formerly Gilbert Laustsen Jung Associates Ltd.) (an engineering consulting firm) until 2005. Director of the administrator of Canetic from its inception in January 2006 until January 2008.  Independent business consultant since 2005.

 

 

 

 

 

Jack C. Lee
Alberta, Canada

 

Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors and director since January 11, 2008

 

Corporate director since October 2002, including Chairman of the Canetic Board of Directors from its inception in January 2006 until January 2008. Prior thereto, President and Chief Executive Officer of Acclaim.

 

 

 

 

 

Shirley A. McClellan(1)(4)(5)
Alberta, Canada

 

Director since 2007

 

Independent businesswoman since 2007. Prior thereto, Deputy Premier of the Province of Alberta from 2001 to 2007 and Minister of Finance of the Province of Alberta from 2004 to 2007.

 

 

 

 

 

Thomas E. Phillips(3)
Alberta, Canada

 

Director since 1995

 

President, Newhaven Investments Inc. (a private oil and gas company).

 

 

 

 

 

Frank Potter(1)(4)
Ontario, Canada

 

Director since 2006

 

Chairman of Emerging Markets Advisors, Inc. (an investment consulting firm).

 

 

 

 

 

R. Gregory Rich(2)(4)
Texas, United States

 

Director since January 11, 2008

 

Principal of Blackrock Energy Associates (an energy consulting and investment firm) and President and Chief Executive Officer of XPRONET Resources Inc. (a private oil and gas company). Also, a director of the administrator of Canetic from its inception in January 2006 until January 2008.

 

 

 

 

 

James C. Smith(1)(2)(3)
Alberta, Canada

 

Director since 2005

 

Independent director and consultant to a number of public and private oil and gas companies.

 

27



 

Name, Province/State and
Country of Residence

 

Positions and Offices Held

 

Principal Occupations
during the Five Preceding Years

 

 

 

 

 

Murray Nunns
Alberta, Canada

 

President and Chief Operating Officer

 

President and Chief Operating Officer of PWPL since February 8, 2008. Prior thereto, director of PWPL and Executive Chairman of Monterey Exploration Ltd., a private oil and gas company. Prior thereto, a variety of management positions at Rio Alto Exploration Ltd., a public oil and gas company.

 

 

 

 

 

Todd H. Takeyasu
Alberta, Canada

 

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

 

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of PWPL since February 8, 2008. Prior thereto, Senior Vice President, Finance – Treasury of PWPL since January 11, 2008. Prior thereto, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of PWPL since 2006. Prior thereto, Vice President, Finance of PWPL since 2005. Prior thereto, Treasurer of PWPL.

 

 

 

 

 

David W. Middleton
Alberta, Canada

 

Executive Vice President, Operations and Corporate Development

 

Executive Vice President, Operations and Corporate Development of PWPL since February 8, 2008. Prior thereto, Chief Operating Officer of PWPL since January 11, 2008. Prior thereto, Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of PWPL since 2005. Prior thereto, Senior Vice President, Production of PWPL since 2003. Prior thereto, Vice President, Production of PWPL.

 

 

 

 

 

Mark P. Fitzgerald
Alberta, Canada

 

Senior Vice President, Engineering

 

Senior Vice President, Engineering of PWPL since January 11, 2008. Prior thereto, Vice President, Operations of Canetic since January 2006. Prior thereto, Vice President, Operations of Acclaim since February 2005. Prior thereto, Vice President, Engineering of Acclaim (since 2004) and Manager, Western District of Acclaim (from 2003 to 2004). Prior thereto, worked in asset management, acquisitions and mergers for Dominion Energy Canada Ltd. (an oil and gas company).

 

 

 

 

 

Thane A.E. Jensen
Alberta, Canada

 

Senior Vice President, Exploration and Development

 

Senior Vice President, Exploration and Development of PWPL since 2005. Prior thereto, Vice President, Engineering of PWPL since 2004. Prior thereto, Manager, Exploitation of PWPL.

 

 

 

 

 

Keith Luft
Alberta, Canada

 

General Counsel and Senior Vice President, Stakeholder Relations

 

General Counsel and Senior Vice President, Stakeholder Relations of PWPL since February 8, 2008. Prior thereto, Senior Vice President, Stakeholder Relations of PWPL since January 11, 2008. Prior thereto, Vice President, Land and Legal of PWPL since 2006. Prior thereto, Senior Solicitor of Conoco Phillips Canada Ltd./Burlington Resources Canada Ltd. (an oil and gas company) since May 2004. Prior thereto, partner in Calgary based law firm.

 

28



 

Name, Province/State and
Country of Residence

 

Positions and Offices Held

 

Principal Occupations
during the Five Preceding Years

 

 

 

 

 

Eric J. Obreiter
Alberta, Canada

 

Senior Vice President, Production

 

Senior Vice President, Production of PWPL since January 11, 2008. Prior thereto, Vice President, Production of PWPL since 2005. Prior thereto, Manager, Production Central of PWPL.

 

 

 

 

 

John Artym
Alberta, Canada

 

Vice President, Health, Safety and Training

 

Vice President, Health, Safety and Training of PWPL since January 11, 2008. Prior thereto, Manager, Health, Safety and Training of PWPL since 2004. Prior thereto, various health and safety management positions held with PWPL, BJ Services Company and its predecessor Nowsco Well Service Ltd. (a private oil and gas services company).

 

 

 

 

 

Brett Frostad
Alberta, Canada

 

Vice President, Exploration; Heavy Oil District

 

Vice President, Exploration; Heavy Oil District of PWPL since January 11, 2008. Prior thereto, Vice President, Exploration North of PWPL since 2007. Prior thereto, Team Manager, Swan Hills of PWPL since 2005. Prior thereto, District Geologist of PWPL since 2004. Prior thereto, Senior Geologist of PWPL since 2002.

 

 

 

 

 

Gregg Gegunde
Alberta, Canada

 

Vice President, Development; Heavy Oil District

 

Vice President, Development; Heavy Oil District of PWPL since January 11, 2008. Prior thereto, Vice President, Development North of PWPL since June 2005. Prior thereto, Manager, Production Plains of PWPL.

 

 

 

 

 

Brian Keller
Alberta, Canada

 

Vice President, Exploration; Light Oil District

 

Vice President, Exploration; Light Oil District of PWPL since January 11, 2008. Prior thereto, Vice President of Exploitation of Canetic since November 2006. Prior thereto, Director of Geology and Geophysics of Acclaim.

 

 

 

 

 

Lucas Law
Alberta, Canada

 

Vice President, Acquisitions and Divestments

 

Vice President, Acquisitions and Divestments of PWPL since January 11, 2008. Prior thereto, Vice President, Asset Management of PWPL since 2006. Prior thereto, Manager, Corporate Development since 2005. Prior thereto, Supervisor, Exploitation since 2004. Prior thereto, Team Leader, Petrovera Resources.

 

 

 

 

 

Doug Marjerrison
Alberta, Canada

 

Vice President, Development; Gas District

 

Vice President, Development; Gas District of PWPL since January 11, 2008. Prior thereto, Manager, Border Plains/Southern Business Unit of Canetic since July 2007. Prior thereto, Manager, Southern Business Unit of Canetic since September 2006. Prior thereto, Exploitation Engineer with Canetic.

 

 

 

 

 

Bill Morgan
Alberta, Canada

 

Vice President, Joint Venture and Midstream Services

 

Vice President, Joint Venture and Midstream Services of PWPL since January 11, 2008. Prior thereto, Manager, Operations Plains/South of PWPL since 2006. Prior thereto, Manager, Joint Venture of PWPL.

 

29



 

Name, Province/State and
Country of Residence

 

Positions and Offices Held

 

Principal Occupations
during the Five Preceding Years

 

 

 

 

 

Keith Rockley
Alberta, Canada

 

Vice President, Human Resources and Corporate Administration

 

Vice President, Human Resources and Corporate Administration of PWPL since January 11, 2008. Prior thereto, Vice President, Human Resources and Corporate Administration of Canetic since January 2006. Prior thereto, Vice-President Human Resources and Corporate Administration of Acclaim since November 2005. Prior thereto, President of Human Resource Solutions Inc. (a private consulting business) from April 2005 to October 2005. Prior thereto, Manager, Human Resources, Husky Energy Inc. (an oil and gas company).

 

 

 

 

 

Don Robson
Alberta, Canada

 

Vice President, Land

 

Vice President, Land of PWPL since January 11, 2008. Prior thereto, Vice President, Land of Canetic since 2006. Prior thereto, Vice President, Land of Acclaim since 2005. Prior thereto, Manager Land Negotiations and Director of Land of Acclaim since 2004. Prior thereto, Land Manager at Energy North Inc. (an oil and gas company).

 

 

 

 

 

Dave Sterna
Alberta, Canada

 

Vice President, Marketing

 

Vice President, Marketing of PWPL since January 11, 2008. Prior thereto, Vice President, Corporate Planning and Marketing of Canetic since January 2006. Prior thereto, Vice President, Corporate Planning and Marketing of Acclaim since November 2005. Prior thereto, Director of Marketing for Acclaim since September 2004. Prior thereto, Director of Marketing for Calpine Canada (an energy company).

 

 

 

 

 

Kristian Tange
Alberta, Canada

 

Vice President, Corporate Development and Planning

 

Vice President, Corporate Development and Planning of PWPL since January 11, 2008. Prior thereto, Vice President, Business Development of PWPL since 2005. Prior thereto, Manager, Marketing of PWPL since 2003. Prior thereto, Manager, Natural Gas Marketing of PWPL.

 

 

 

 

 

Anne Thomson
Alberta, Canada

 

Vice President, Exploration; Gas District

 

Vice President, Exploration; Gas District of PWPL since January 11, 2008. Prior thereto, Vice President, Exploration South of PWPL since June 2005. Prior thereto, Manager, Exploration of PWPL since 2003. Prior thereto, District Geologist of PWPL.

 

30



 

Name, Province/State and
Country of Residence

 

Positions and Offices Held

 

Principal Occupations
during the Five Preceding Years

 

 

 

 

 

Donald Wood
Alberta, Canada

 

Vice President, Development; Light Oil District

 

Vice President, Development; Light Oil District of PWPL since January 11, 2008. Prior thereto, Vice President, Development South of PWPL since September 2007. Prior thereto, President and Chief Executive Officer of C1 Energy Ltd. (a public oil and gas company) since January 2007. Prior thereto, Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of C1 Energy Ltd. since June 2006. Prior thereto, President and Chief Executive Officer of High Energy Resources Limited (a private oil and gas company) since February 2005. Prior thereto, President and Chief Executive Officer of Kensington Energy Ltd. (a public oil and gas company).

 

 

 

 

 

Sherry Wendt
Alberta, Canada

 

Corporate Secretary

 

Corporate Secretary of PWPL since February 8, 2008. Prior thereto, Corporate Counsel at PWPL since 2007. Prior thereto, practiced with the law firm Bennett Jones LLP.

 


Notes:

(1)          Member of the audit committee.

(2)          Member of the human resources and compensation committee.

(3)          Member of the reserves committee.

(4)          Member of the governance committee.

(5)          Member of the health, safety and environment committee.

 

As at March 26, 2008, the directors and executive officers of PWPL, as a group, beneficially owned, or controlled or directed, directly or indirectly, 1,345,893 Trust Units or approximately 0.4 percent of the issued and outstanding Trust Units.

 

Cease Trade Orders, Bankruptcies, Penalties or Sanctions

 

Except as otherwise disclosed herein, no director or executive officer of PWPL (nor any personal holding company of any of such persons) is, as of the date of this Annual Information Form, or was within ten years before the date of this Annual Information Form, a director, Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer of any company (including PWPL), that:

 

(a)                                  was subject to a cease trade order (including a management cease trade order), an order similar to a cease trade order or an order that denied the relevant company access to any exemption under securities legislation, in each case that was in effect for a period of more than 30 consecutive days (collectively, an “Order”) that was issued while the director or executive officer was acting in the capacity as director, Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer; or

 

(b)                                 was subject to an Order that was issued after the director or executive officer ceased to be a director, Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer and which resulted from an event that occurred while that person was acting in the capacity as director, Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer.

 

Daryl Gilbert is a director of Globel Direct, Inc., which was subject to a cease trade order issued by the British Columbia Securities Commission on November 20, 2002 and the Alberta Securities Commission on November 22, 2002 for delay in filing financial statements. The required financial statements were filed and the cease trade orders were revoked effective December 23, 2002. The company sought and received protection under CCAA in June 2007, and after a failed restructuring effort, a receiver was appointed by one of the company’s lenders in December 2007.

 

31



 

Except as otherwise disclosed herein, no director or executive officer of PWPL (nor any personal holding company of any of such persons), or shareholder holding a sufficient number of securities of Penn West to affect materially the control of Penn West:

 

(a)                                  is, as of the date of this Annual Information Form, or has been within the ten years before the date of this Annual Information Form, a director or executive officer of any company (including PWPL) that, while that person was acting in that capacity, or within a year of that person ceasing to act in that capacity, became bankrupt, made a proposal under any legislation relating to bankruptcy or insolvency or was subject to or instituted any proceedings, arrangement or compromise with creditors or had a receiver, receiver manager or trustee appointed to hold its assets; or

 

(b)                                 has, within the ten years before the date of this Annual Information Form, become bankrupt, made a proposal under any legislation relating to bankruptcy or insolvency, or become subject to or instituted any proceedings, arrangement or compromise with creditors, or had a receiver, receiver manager or trustee appointed to hold the assets of the director, executive officer or shareholder.

 

John A. Brussa was a director of Imperial Metals Limited, a corporation engaged in both oil and gas and mining operations, in the year prior to that corporation implementing a plan of arrangement under the Company Act (British Columbia) and under the Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act (Canada) which resulted in the separation of its two businesses. The reorganization resulted in the creation of two public corporations, Imperial Metals Corporation and IEI Energy Inc. (subsequently renamed Rider Resources Ltd.), both of which were listed on the TSX.

 

James C. Smith was, from May 1999 to March 2000, Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Probe Exploration Inc., an oil and gas company listed on the TSX. Mr. Smith joined Probe Exploration Inc. in order to assist management and the Board of Directors of the company in their efforts to restructure the company’s finances or sell assets to improve its financial situation. Such efforts did not succeed and the company’s lender appointed a receiver in March 2000.

 

No director or executive officer of PWPL (nor any personal holding company of any of such persons), or shareholder holding a sufficient number of securities of Penn West to affect materially the control of Penn West, has been subject to:

 

(a)                                  any penalties or sanctions imposed by a court relating to securities legislation or by a securities regulatory authority or has entered into a settlement agreement with a securities regulatory authority; or

 

(b)                                 any other penalties or sanctions imposed by a court or regulatory body that would likely be considered important to a reasonable investor in making an investment decision.

 

Conflicts of Interest

 

The Board of Directors has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and a Code of Ethics for Officers and Senior Financial Management (the “Codes”). In general, the private investment activities of employees, directors and officers are not prohibited, however, should an existing investment pose a potential conflict of interest the potential conflict is required by the Codes to be disclosed to the Chief Executive Officer or the Board of Directors. Any other activities posing a potential conflict of interest are also required by the Codes to be disclosed to the Chief Executive Officer or the Board of Directors. Any such potential conflicts of interests will be dealt with openly with full disclosure of the nature and extent of the potential conflicts of interests with Penn West.

 

It is acknowledged in the Codes that the directors may be directors or officers of other entities engaged in the oil and gas business, and that such entities may compete directly or indirectly with Penn West. Passive investments in public or private entities of less than one per cent of the outstanding shares will not be viewed as “competing” with Penn West. No executive officer or employee of PWPL should be a director or officer of any entity engaged in the oil and gas business unless expressly authorized by the Board of Directors. Any director of PWPL who is actively engaged in the management of, or who owns an investment of one per cent or more of the outstanding shares, in public or private entities shall disclose such holding to the Board of Directors. In the event that any circumstance should arise as a result of such positions or investments being held or otherwise which in the opinion of the Board of Directors constitutes a conflict of interest which reasonably affects such person’s ability to act with a view to the best interests of Penn West, the Board of Directors will take such actions

 

32



 

as are reasonably required to resolve such matters with a view to the best interests of Penn West. Such actions, without limitation, may include excluding such directors, officers or employees from certain information or activities of Penn West.

 

The ABCA provides that in the event that an officer or director is a party to, or is a director or an officer of or has a material interest in any person who is a party to, a material contract or material transaction or proposed material contract or proposed material transaction, such officer or director shall disclose the nature and extent of his or her interest and shall refrain from voting to approve such contract or transaction. See “Risk Factors – Potential Conflicts of Interest”.

 

As of the date hereof, Penn West is not aware of any existing or potential material conflicts of interest between Penn West or a Subsidiary of Penn West and any director or officer of Penn West or of any Subsidiary of Penn West, including PWPL.

 

Promoters

 

No person or company has been, within the two most recently completed financial years or during the current financial year, a “promoter” (as defined in the Securities Act (Ontario)) of Penn West or of a Subsidiary of Penn West.

 

AUDIT COMMITTEE DISCLOSURES

 

National Instrument 52-110 (“NI 52-110”) relating to audit committees has mandated certain disclosures for inclusion in this Annual Information Form. The text of the Audit Committee’s mandate is attached as Appendix ”C” to this Annual Information Form.

 

Composition of the Audit Committee and Relevant Education and Experience

 

The members of the Audit Committee are James C. Smith, chairman, and James E. Allard, Shirley A. McClellan and Frank Potter, each of whom is independent and financially literate within the meaning of NI 52-110. The following comprises a brief summary of each member’s education and experience that is relevant to the performance of his responsibilities as an Audit Committee member.

 

James C. Smith (Chairman)

 

Mr. Smith is a Chartered Accountant with over 35 years of experience in public accounting and industry. Since 1998, he has been a business consultant to a number of public and private companies operating in the oil and gas industry. From 2002 until its sale in 2006, he was also the Chief Financial Officer of Mercury Energy Corporation, a private oil and natural gas company, and from 2001 until the sale of the company in 2003, was the Chief Financial Officer of Segue Energy Corporation, a private oil and natural gas company. From 1999 to 2000, Mr. Smith was the Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Probe Exploration Inc., a publicly traded oil and natural gas company. While Mr. Smith was the Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Crestar Energy Inc. from its inception in 1992 until 1998, the company completed an initial public offering, was listed on the TSX and completed several major debt and equity financing transactions. Mr. Smith is currently a director of TG World Equity Corp., Pure Energy Services Inc. and Grey Wolf Exploration Inc.

 

James E. Allard

 

Mr. Allard received his Bachelor of Science degree in Business Administration from the University of Connecticut and completed the Advanced Management Program at Harvard University. Mr. Allard has focused his career on international finance in the petroleum industry for the past 40 years serving as CEO, CFO and a director of a number of publicly traded and private companies. During the past eight years he served on the board of the Alberta Securities Commission, acting as the sole external trustee and advisor to a mid-sized pension plan and serves as a director and advisor to several companies. From 1981 to 1995, he served as a senior executive officer of Amoco Corporation as well as a director of Amoco Canada, then Canada’s largest natural gas producer.

 

Frank Potter

 

Mr. Potter attended Royal Military College of Science, and is a Fellow of the Institute of Canadian Bankers. Mr. Potter has been the Chairman since 1995 of Emerging Markets Advisors, Inc., a Toronto-based consultancy that assists corporations in

 

33



 

making and managing direct investments internationally. Prior thereto, Mr. Potter was executive director of The World Bank Group in Washington, and was subsequently senior advisor at the federal Department of Finance. Mr. Potter is a director of a number of public and private corporations and public service organizations.

 

Shirley A. McClellan

 

Mrs. McClellan brings to Penn West the experience gained over 20 years of distinguished service to the Province of Alberta. Her career history includes the offices of Deputy Premier of Alberta from 2001 to 2007, Minister of Finance of Alberta from 2004 to 2007 and Chair of the Treasury Board and Vice-Chair of the Agenda and Priorities Committee of the Alberta Assembly. Mrs. McClellan has served a total of six terms as a Member of the Alberta Legislative Assembly representing the constituency of Drumheller-Stettler. Over this time period, she has held numerous other portfolios, including Minister of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Minister of International and Intergovernmental Relations, Minister of Community Development, and Minister of Health. Mrs. McClellan actively serves her community and is particularly passionate about enhancing further education in rural areas. She is a former director of the Alberta Association of Continuing Education and the Canadian Association for Continuing Education.

 

Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures for Non-Audit Services

 

The terms of the engagement of Penn West’s external auditors to provide audit services, including the budgeted fees for such audit services and the representations and disclaimer relating thereto, must be pre-approved by the entire Audit Committee.

 

With respect to any engagements of Penn West’s external auditors for non-audit services, Penn West must obtain the approval of the Audit Committee or the Chairman of the Audit Committee prior to retaining the external auditors to complete such engagement. If such pre-approval is provided by the Chairman of the Audit Committee, the Chairman shall report to the Audit Committee on any non-audit service engagement pre-approved by him at the Audit Committee’s first scheduled meeting following such pre-approval.

 

If, after using its reasonable best efforts, Penn West is unable to contact the Chairman of the Audit Committee on a timely basis to obtain the pre-approval contemplated by the preceding paragraph, Penn West may obtain the required pre-approval from any other member of the Audit Committee, provided that any such Audit Committee member shall report to the Audit Committee on any non-audit service engagement pre-approved by him at the Audit Committee’s first scheduled meeting following such pre-approval.

 

External Auditor Service Fees

 

The following is a summary of the fees paid to KPMG LLP for external audit and other services.

 

Audit Fees

 

The aggregate fees billed by our external auditor in each of the last two fiscal years for audit services, including Sarbanes – Oxley compliance related services, were:

 

2007

 

-

 

$

1,045,000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2006

 

-

 

$

610,000

 

 

Audit Related Fees

 

The aggregate fees billed in each of the last two fiscal years by our external auditor for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our financial statements (and not included in audit services fees above) were:

 

2007

 

-

 

$

120,000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2006

 

-

 

$

105,000

 

 

The services comprising the fees disclosed under this category include French translation services.

 

34



 

Tax Fees

 

The aggregate fees billed in each of the last two fiscal years by our external auditor for professional services for tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning were:

 

2007

 

-

 

$

7,914

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2006

 

-

 

$

18,341

 

 

The services comprising the fees disclosed under this category include the following:  assistance and advice in relation to the communication of the taxability of distributions to Unitholders and the review of corporate income tax returns.

 

All Other Fees

 

The aggregate fees billed in each of the last two fiscal years by our external auditor for products and services not included under the headings Audit Fees, Audit Related Fees and Tax Fees were:

 

2007

 

-

 

$

NIL

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2006

 

-

 

$

NIL

 

 

Reliance on Exemptions

 

At no time since the commencement of Penn West’s most recently completed financial year has Penn West relied on any of the exemptions contained in Sections 2.4, 3.2, 3.4 or 3.5 of NI 52-110, or an exemption from NI 52-110, in whole or in part, granted under Part 8 thereof. In addition, at no time since the commencement of Penn West’s most recently completed financial year has Penn West relied upon the exemptions in Subsection 3.3(2) or Section 3.6 of NI 52-110. Furthermore, at no time since the commencement of Penn West’s most recently completed financial year has Penn West relied upon Section 3.8 of NI 52-110.

 

Audit Committee Oversight

 

At no time since the commencement of Penn West’s most recently completed financial year has a recommendation of the Audit Committee to nominate or compensate an external auditor not been adopted by the Board of Directors of PWPL.

 

DISTRIBUTIONS TO UNITHOLDERS

 

Since our formation as a trust, monthly cash distributions have been declared in the following amounts, each amount being paid in the following month:

 

For the Month

 

Distributions per Unit

 

Ended

 

2008

 

2007

 

2006

 

2005

 

January

 

$

0.34

 

$

0.34

 

$

0.31

 

N/A

 

February

 

0.34

 

0.34

 

0.34

 

N/A

 

March

 

0.34

 

0.34

 

0.34

 

N/A

 

April

 

 

0.34

 

0.34

 

N/A

 

May

 

 

0.34

 

0.34

 

N/A

 

June

 

 

0.34

 

0.34

 

$

0.26

 

July

 

 

0.34

 

0.34

 

0.26

 

August

 

 

0.34

 

0.34

 

0.26

 

September

 

 

0.34

 

0.34

 

0.26

 

October

 

 

0.34

 

0.34

 

0.31

 

November

 

 

0.34

 

0.34

 

0.31

 

December

 

 

0.34

 

0.34

 

0.31

 

Total

 

$

1.02

 

$

4.08

 

$

4.05

 

$

1.97

 

 

35



 

For Canadian and United States income tax purposes, cash distributions paid to Unitholders in 2005, 2006 and 2007 were 100 percent taxable as other income.

 

MARKET FOR SECURITIES

 

The Trust Units are listed and traded on the TSX under the symbol PWT.UN and on the NYSE under the symbol PWE. The following tables set forth certain trading information for our Trust Units in 2007.

 

 

 

TSX

 

Period

 

Unit price ($)
High

 

Unit price ($)
Low

 

Volume

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

January

 

35.80

 

32.32

 

17,597,965

 

February

 

36.88

 

34.09

 

11,851,438

 

March

 

36.05

 

32.48

 

14,490,763

 

April

 

34.63

 

33.11

 

11,900,009

 

May

 

38.33

 

33.12

 

15,145,415

 

June

 

38.15

 

33.50

 

15,215,785

 

July

 

36.09

 

32.57

 

11,523,717

 

August

 

33.48

 

28.48

 

14,511,853

 

September

 

31.46

 

28.66

 

12,486,728

 

October

 

31.83

 

29.89

 

15,984,431

 

November

 

30.27

 

25.90

 

20,602,889

 

December

 

27.31

 

25.25

 

19,265,161

 

 

 

 

NYSE

 

Period

 

Unit price ($ US)
High

 

Unit price ($ US)
Low

 

Volume

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

January

 

30.50

 

27.50

 

18,695,800

 

February

 

31.81

 

29.08

 

13,746,969

 

March

 

31.11

 

27.61

 

18,183,252

 

April

 

30.58

 

29.18

 

11,484,019

 

May

 

36.30

 

29.93

 

20,095,788

 

June

 

36.05

 

31.25

 

14,163,452

 

July

 

34.58

 

30.71

 

14,011,508

 

August

 

31.50

 

26.47

 

20,417,456

 

September

 

31.42

 

28.42

 

15,805,123

 

October

 

33.06

 

30.57

 

17,971,612

 

November

 

32.17

 

26.06

 

28,651,264

 

December

 

27.10

 

25.61

 

27,558,864

 

 

Penn West assumed the 7.2% Debentures and the 8% 2005 Debentures from Vault on January 10, 2008 in connection with the Vault Acquisition. The 7.2% Debentures and the 8% 2005 Debentures began trading on the TSX as securities of Penn West on January 15, 2008 under the symbols “PWT.DB.E” and “PWT.DB.C”, respectively.

 

Penn West assumed the 6.5% 2005 Debentures, the 6.5% 2006 Debentures, the 8% 2004 Debentures and the 9.4% Debentures from Canetic on January 11, 2008 in connection with the completion of the Canetic Acquisition. The 6.5% 2005 Debentures, the 6.5% 2006 Debentures, the 8% 2004 Debentures and the 9.4% Debentures began trading on the TSX as securities of Penn West on January 16, 2008 under the symbols “PWT.DB.D”, “PWT.DB.F”, “PWT.DB.B” and “PWT.DB.A”, respectively.

 

Penn West does not have any classes of securities that are outstanding but that are not listed or quoted on a market place. In addition, to Penn West’s knowledge, no securities of Penn West are held in escrow, are subject to a pooling agreement, or are subject to a contractual restriction on transfer (except in respect of pledges made to lenders).

 

36



 

INDUSTRY CONDITIONS

 

The oil and natural gas industry is subject to extensive controls and regulations governing its operations (including land tenure, exploration, development, production, refining, transportation, and marketing) imposed by legislation enacted by various levels of government and with respect to pricing and taxation of oil and natural gas by agreements among the governments of Canada, Alberta, British Columbia and Saskatchewan, all of which should be carefully considered by investors in the oil and gas industry. It is not expected that any of these controls or regulations will affect our operations in a manner materially different than they would affect other oil and gas companies of similar size. All current legislation is a matter of public record and we are unable to predict what additional legislation or amendments may be enacted. Outlined below are some of the principal aspects of legislation, regulations and agreements governing the oil and gas industry.

 

Pricing and Marketing - Oil and Natural Gas

 

The producers of oil are entitled to negotiate sales contracts directly with oil purchasers, with the result that the market determines the price of oil. Oil prices are primarily based on worldwide supply and demand. The specific price depends in part on oil quality, prices of competing fuels, distance to market, the value of refined products, the supply/demand balance, geo-political events and other contractual terms. Oil exporters are also entitled to enter into export contracts with terms not exceeding one year in the case of light crude oil and two years in the case of heavy crude oil, provided that an order approving such export has been obtained from the National Energy Board of Canada (the “NEB”). Any oil export to be made pursuant to a contract of longer duration (to a maximum of 25 years) requires an exporter to obtain an export licence from the NEB and the issuance of such licence requires the approval of the Governor in Council.

 

The price of natural gas is determined by negotiation between buyers and sellers. Natural gas exported from Canada is subject to regulation by the NEB and the Government of Canada. Exporters are free to negotiate prices and other terms with purchasers, provided that the export contracts must continue to meet certain other criteria prescribed by the NEB and the Government of Canada. Natural gas (other than its constituent by-products of propane, butane and ethane) exports for a term of less than two years or for a term of two years to 20 years (in quantities of not more than 30,000 m3/day), must be made pursuant to an NEB order. Any natural gas export to be made pursuant to a contract of longer duration (to a maximum of 25 years) or a larger quantity requires an exporter to obtain an export licence from the NEB and the issuance of such licence requires the approval of the Governor in Council.

 

The governments of Alberta, British Columbia, and Saskatchewan also regulate the volume of natural gas that may be removed from those provinces for consumption elsewhere based on such factors as reserve availability, transportation arrangements, and market considerations.

 

Pipeline Capacity

 

Although pipeline expansions are ongoing, insufficient firm pipeline capacity can from time to time impede our ability to produce and market our oil and natural gas production.

 

The North American Free Trade Agreement

 

The North American Free Trade Agreement (“NAFTA”) among the governments of Canada, United States of America, and Mexico became effective on January 1, 1994. NAFTA carries forward most of the material energy terms that are contained in the Canada United States Free Trade Agreement. In the context of energy resources, Canada continues to remain free to determine whether exports of energy resources to the United States or Mexico will be allowed, provided that any export restrictions do not: (i) reduce the proportion of energy resources exported relative to domestic use (based upon the proportion prevailing in the most recent 36 month period); (ii) impose an export price higher than the domestic price subject to an exception with respect to certain voluntary measures which only restrict the volume of exports; and (iii) disrupt normal channels of supply. All three countries are prohibited from imposing minimum or maximum export or import price requirements, provided, in the case of export price requirements, prohibition in any circumstances in which any other form of quantitative restriction is prohibited, and in the case of import-price requirements, such requirements do not apply with respect to enforcement of countervailing and anti-dumping orders and undertakings.

 

37



 

NAFTA contemplates the reduction of Mexican restrictive trade practices in the energy sector by 2010 and prohibits discriminatory border restrictions and export taxes. NAFTA also contemplates clearer disciplines on regulators to ensure fair implementation of any regulatory changes and to minimize disruption of contractual arrangements and avoid undue interference with pricing, marketing and distribution arrangements, which is important for Canadian natural gas exports.

 

Provincial Royalties and Incentives

 

General

 

In addition to federal regulation, each province has legislation and regulations that govern land tenure, royalties, production rates, environmental protection, and other matters. The royalty regime is a significant factor in the profitability of crude oil, natural gas liquids, sulphur, and natural gas production. Royalties payable on production from lands other than Crown lands are determined by negotiations between the mineral owner and the lessee, although production from such lands is subject to certain provincial taxes and royalties. Crown royalties are determined by governmental regulation and are generally calculated as a percentage of the value of the gross production. The rate of royalties payable generally depends in part on prescribed reference prices, well productivity, geographical location, field discovery date, method of recovery, and the type or quality of the petroleum product produced. Other royalties and royalty-like interests are, from time to time, carved out of the working interest owner’s interest through non-public transactions. These are often referred to as overriding royalties, gross overriding royalties, net profits interests, or net carried interests.

 

Occasionally the governments of the western Canadian provinces create incentive programs for exploration and development. Such programs often provide for royalty rate reductions, royalty holidays, and tax credits, and are generally introduced when commodity prices are low. The programs are designed to encourage exploration and development activity by improving earnings and funds flow within the industry. Royalty holidays and reductions would reduce the amount of Crown royalties paid by oil and gas producers to the provincial governments and would increase the net income and funds from operations of such producers. However, the trend in recent years has been for provincial governments to eliminate, amend or allow such incentive programs to expire without renewal, and consequently few such incentive programs are currently operative.

 

The Canadian federal corporate income tax rate levied on taxable income is 22.1 percent effective January 1, 2007 for active business income including resource income. With the elimination of the corporate surtax effective January 1, 2008 and other rate reductions introduced in the October 2007 Economic Statement and Notice of Ways and Means Motion and 2006 Federal Budget, the federal corporate income tax rate will decrease to 15 percent in five steps: 19.5 percent on January 1, 2008; 19 percent on January 1, 2009; 18 percent on January 1, 2010; 16.5 percent on January 1, 2011; and 15 percent on January 1, 2012.

 

Alberta

 

In Alberta, companies are granted the right to explore, produce and develop petroleum and natural gas resources in exchange for royalties, bonus bid payments and rents. Currently, the amount of royalties that are payable is influenced by the oil production, density of the oil, and the vintage of the oil. Originally, the vintage classified oil as “new oil” and “old oil” depending on when the oil pools were discovered. If the pool was discovered prior to March 31, 1974 it is considered “old oil”, if it was discovered after March 31, 1974 and before September 1, 1992, it is considered “new oil”. The Alberta government introduced in 1992 a Third Tier Royalty with a base rate of 10 percent and a rate cap of 25 percent for oil pools discovered after September 1, 1992. The new oil royalty reserved to the Crown has a base rate of 10 percent and a rate cap of 30 percent. The old oil royalty reserved to the Crown has a base rate of 10 percent and a rate cap of 35 percent.

 

The royalty reserved to the Crown in respect of natural gas production, subject to various incentives, is between 15 percent and 30 percent, in the case of new natural gas, and between 15 percent and 35 percent, in the case of old natural gas, depending upon a prescribed or corporate average reference price. Natural gas produced from qualifying intervals in eligible gas wells spudded or deepened to a depth below 2,500 metres is also subject to a royalty exemption, the amount of which depends on the depth of the well.

 

Oil sands projects are subject to a specific regulation made effective July 1, 1997, and expiring June 30, 2009, which, among other things, determines the Crown’s share of crude and processed oil sands products.

 

38



 

Regulations made pursuant to the Mines and Minerals Act (Alberta) provided various incentives for exploring and developing oil reserves in Alberta. However, the Alberta Government announced in August of 2006 that four royalty programs were to be amended and a new program was to be introduced. In addition, the Alberta Royalty Tax Credit Program (“ARTC”) was eliminated effective January 1, 2007. The programs affected by this announcement are: (i) Deep Gas Royalty Holiday; (ii) Low Productivity Well Royalty Reduction; (iii) Reactivated Well Royalty Exemption; and (iv) Horizontal Re-Entry Royalty Reduction. The new program is the Innovative Energy Technologies Program (the “IETP”) which is intended to promote the producers’ investment in research, technology and innovation for the purposes of improving environmental performance while creating commercial value. The IETP provides royalty reductions that are presumed to reduce financial risk. Alberta Energy will be the one to decide which projects qualify and the level of support that will be provided. The deadline for the IETP’s third round of applications was May 31, 2007. The successful applicants have not yet been announced and it appears, based on the previous two rounds, that the selection process can take at least 8 months. The technical information gathered from this program is to be made public once a two-year confidentiality period expires.

 

On October 25, 2007, the Alberta government released a report entitled “The New Royalty Framework” containing the government’s proposals for Alberta’s new royalty regime, which is scheduled to be effective on January 1, 2009. The proposal includes new royalty formulas for conventional oil and natural gas that will operate on sliding scales that are determined by commodity prices and well productivity. The proposal also introduces the policy of “shallow rights reversion”. The Alberta government is intending to implement this policy in order to maximize the development of currently undeveloped resources, which is consistent with the government’s objective of maximizing the recovery of known gas resources, while increasing royalty revenues. The policy’s objective is for the mineral rights to shallow gas geological formations that are not being developed to revert back to the government so that they may be made available for resale. It appears that leaseholders will receive a grace period before the shallow zones revert to the government, although the details of the policy have yet to be determined. Substantial legislative, regulatory and systems updates will be introduced before changes become fully effective in January 2009. See “Risk Factors – New Alberta Royalty Regime”.

 

British Columbia

 

Producers of oil and natural gas in the Province of British Columbia are required to pay annual rental payments with respect to the Crown leases and royalties and freehold production taxes in respect of oil and gas produced from Crown and freehold lands. The amount payable as a royalty in respect of oil depends on the type of oil, the value of the oil, the quantity of oil produced in a month, and the vintage of the oil. Generally, the vintage of oil is based on the determination of whether the oil is produced from a pool discovered before October 31, 1975 (old oil), between October 31, 1975, and June 1, 1998 (new oil), or after June 1, 1998 (third-tier oil). The royalty rates are calculated in three stages, which take into account the vintage of the oil, if the oil produced has already been sold and any royalty exempt value applicable (exempt wells). Oil produced from newly discovered pools may be exempt from the payment of a royalty for the first 36 months of production or 11,450 m(3) produced, whichever comes first; and the royalties for third-tier oil are the lowest reflecting the higher costs of exploration and extraction that the producers would incur. The royalty payable on natural gas is determined by a sliding scale based on a reference price, which is the greater of the price obtained by the producer, and a prescribed minimum price. However, when the reference price is below the select price (a parameter used in the royalty rate formula), the royalty rate is fixed. As an incentive for the production and marketing of natural gas, which may have been flared, natural gas produced in association with oil has a lower royalty than the royalty payable on non-conservation gas.

 

On May 30, 2003, the Ministry of Energy and Mines for the Province of British Columbia announced an Oil and Gas Development Strategy for the Heartlands (the “Strategy”). The Strategy is a comprehensive program to address road infrastructure, targeted royalties and regulatory reduction, and British Columbia service sector opportunities. In addition, the Strategy will result in economic and employment opportunities for communities in British Columbia’s heartlands.

 

Some of the financial incentives in the Strategy include:

 

·                                          Royalty credits of up to $30 million annually towards the construction, upgrading, and maintenance of road infrastructure in support of resource exploration and development. Funding will be contingent upon an equal contribution from industry.

 

39



 

·                                          Changes to provincial royalties: new royalty rates for low productivity natural gas to enhance marginally economic resources plays, royalty credits for deep gas exploration to locate new sources of natural gas, and royalty credits for summer drilling to expand the drilling season.

 

Saskatchewan

 

In Saskatchewan, the amount payable as a royalty in respect of oil depends on the vintage of the oil, the type of oil, the quantity of oil produced in a month, and the value of the oil. For Crown royalty and freehold production tax purposes, crude oil is considered “heavy oil”, “southwest designated oil”, or “non-heavy oil other than southwest designated oil”. The conventional royalty and production tax classifications (“fourth-tier oil” introduced October 1, 2002, “third-tier oil”, “new oil”, or “old oil”) of oil production are applicable to each of the three crude oil types. The Crown royalty and freehold production tax structure for crude oil is price sensitive and varies between the base royalty rates of 5 percent for all “fourth-tier oil” to 20 percent for “old oil”. Marginal royalty rates are 30 percent for all “fourth-tier oil” to 45 percent for “old oil”.

 

The amount payable as a royalty in respect of natural gas is determined by a sliding scale based on a reference price (which is the greater of the amount obtained by the producer and a prescribed minimum price), the quantity produced in a given month, the type of natural gas, and the vintage of the natural gas. As an incentive for the production and marketing of natural gas which may have been flared, the royalty rate on natural gas produced in association with oil is less than on non-associated natural gas. The royalty and production tax classifications of gas production are “fourth-tier gas” introduced October 1, 2002, “third-tier gas”, “new gas”, and “old gas”. The Crown royalty and freehold production tax for gas is price sensitive and varies between the base royalty rate of 5 percent for “fourth-tier gas” and 20 percent for “old gas”. The marginal royalty rates are between 30 percent for “fourth -tier gas” and 45 percent for “old gas”.

 

On October 1, 2002, the following changes were made to the royalty and tax regime in Saskatchewan:

 

·                  A new Crown royalty and freehold production tax regime applicable to associated natural gas (gas produced from oil wells) that is gathered for use or sale. The royalty/tax is payable on associated natural gas produced from an oil well that exceeds approximately 65 thousand cubic metres in a month.

 

·                  A modified system of incentive volumes and maximum royalty/tax rates applicable to the initial production from oil wells and gas wells with a finished drilling date on or after October 1, 2002, was introduced. The incentive volumes are applicable to various well types and are subject to a maximum royalty rate of 2.5 percent and a freehold production tax rate of zero percent.

 

·                  The elimination of the re-entry and short section horizontal oil well royalty/tax categories. All horizontal oil wells with a finished drilling date on or after October 1, 2002, will receive the “fourth tier” royalty/ tax rates and new incentive volumes.

 

In 1975, the Government of Saskatchewan introduced a Royalty Tax Rebate (“RTR”) as a response to the federal government disallowing Crown royalties and similar taxes as a deductible business expense for income tax purposes. As of January 1, 2007, the remaining balance of any unused RTR is limited in its carry forward to five years since the federal government had the initiative to reintroduce the full deduction of provincial resource royalties from federal and provincial taxable income.

 

On June 19, 2007, the Government of Saskatchewan introduced the Orphan Well and Facility Liability Management Program pursuant to the amendment of the Oil and Gas Conservation Act and the Oil and Gas Conservation Regulations, 1985. The program includes a security deposit, which has two purposes: (i) preventing the individual with insufficient financial capability from acquiring oil and gas wells or facilities; and (ii) in the case of a bankrupt company, the funds cover the decommissioning and reclaiming of orphan property. An additional change introduced is the mandatory licensing of all upstream oil and gas facilities in Saskatchewan.

 

40



 

Land Tenure

 

Crude oil and natural gas located in the western provinces is owned predominantly by the respective provincial governments. Provincial governments grant rights to explore for and produce oil and natural gas pursuant to leases, licences, and permits for varying terms, the minimum of which is two years, and on conditions set forth in provincial legislation including requirements to perform specific work or make payments. Oil and natural gas located in such provinces can also be privately owned and rights to explore for and produce such oil and natural gas are granted by lease on such terms and conditions as may be negotiated.

 

Environmental Regulation

 

The oil and natural gas industry is subject to environmental regulations under a variety of provincial and federal legislation. Environmental regulations impose, among other things, restrictions, prohibitions, liabilities and obligations in connection with the generation, handling, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of hazardous substances and waste and in connection with spills, releases and emissions of various substances to the environment, including substances produced in association with certain oil and gas industry operations. Environmental legislation also requires that wells, facility sites and other properties associated with our operations be operated, maintained, abandoned and reclaimed to the satisfaction of applicable regulatory authorities. In addition, certain types of operations, including exploration and development projects and significant changes to certain existing projects, may require the submission and approval of environmental impact assessments or permit applications. Compliance with this legislation can require significant expenditures and a breach of such requirements could result in the suspension or revocation of necessary licenses and authorizations, civil liability for pollution damage, and the imposition of material fines and penalties and facility closures.

 

Federal

 

In December 2002, the Government of Canada ratified the Kyoto Protocol (“Protocol”).  The Protocol calls for Canada to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions to 6 percent below 1990 “business as usual” levels between 2008 and 2012.  Given revised estimates of Canada’s normal emissions levels, this target translates into an approximate 40 percent gross reduction in Canada’s current emissions.  It is uncertain, based on the Updated Action Plan announced by the federal government (see below), whether the Protocol target of 6 percent below 1990 emission levels will be enforced in Canada.  Bill C-288, which was intended to ensure that Canada meets its global climate change obligations under the Protocol, was passed by the House of Commons on February 14, 2007.  On April 26, 2007, the federal government released its Action Plan to Reduce Greenhouse Gases and Air Pollution (the “Action Plan”) also known as ecoACTION, which includes the regulatory framework for air emissions.  This Action Plan covers not only large industry, but regulates the fuel efficiency of vehicles and the strengthening of energy standards for a number of energy using products.

 

The Government of Canada and the Province of Alberta released on January 31, 2008 the final report of the Canada-Alberta ecoENERGY Carbon Capture and Storage Task Force, which recommends, among other things: (i) incorporating carbon capture and storage into Canada’s clean air regulations; (ii) allocating new funding into projects through competitive process; and (iii) targeting research to lower the cost of technology.

 

In order to strengthen the Action Plan, on March 10, 2008, the Government of Canada released “Turning the Corner – Taking Action to Fight Climate Change” (the “Updated Action Plan”) which provides some additional guidance with respect to the federal government’s plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 20 percent by 2020 and by 60 percent to 70 percent by 2050.

 

The Updated Action Plan is primarily directed towards industrial emissions from certain specified industries including oil sands, oil and gas and refining.  The Updated Action Plan is intended to create a carbon emissions trading market, including an offset system, to provide incentive to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and establish a market price for carbon.  There are mandatory reductions of 18 percent from the 2006 baseline starting in 2010 and an additional 2 percent per year in subsequent years for existing facilities. This target will be applied to regulated sectors on a facility-specific, sector-wide or corporate basis; in the case of oils sands production, petroleum refining, natural gas pipelines and upstream oil and gas, the target will be considered facility-specific (sectors in which the facilities are complex and diverse, or where emissions are affected by factors beyond the control of the facility operator).  Emissions from new facilities, which are those built between 2004 and 2011, will be based on a cleaner fuel standard to encourage continuous emissions intensity reductions over time, and will be granted a three-year grace period during which no emissions intensity targets will apply.  Targets will begin to

 

41



 

apply on the fourth year of commercial operation and the baseline will be the third-year’s emissions intensity, with a 2 percent continuous annual emission intensity improvement required.  The definition of new facility also includes greenfield facilities, major expansions constituting more than a 25 percent increase in a facility’s physical capacity, as well as transformations to a facility that involve significant changes to its processes.  For upstream oil and gas and natural gas pipelines, it will be applied using a sector-specific approach.  For the oil sands, its application will be process-specific: oil sands plants built in 2012 and later, those which use heavier hydrocarbons, up-graders and in-situ production will have mandatory standards in 2018 that will be based on carbon capture and storage.

 

In the following regulated sectors, the Updated Action Plan will apply only to facilities exceeding a minimum annual emissions threshold: (i) 50,000 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per year for natural gas pipelines; (ii) 3,000 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per upstream oil and gas facilities; and (iii) 10,000 boe/d per company.  These proposed thresholds are significantly stricter than the current Alberta regulatory threshold of 100,000 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per year per facility.  See “Industry Conditions – Environmental Regulation – Alberta” below.

 

Four separate compliance mechanisms are provided in respect of the above targets: Technology Fund contributions; offset credits; clean development credits; and credits for early action.  The most significant of these compliance mechanisms, at least initially, will be the Technology Fund, to which regulated entities will be able to contribute in order to comply with emissions intensity reductions.  The contribution rate will increase over time, beginning at $15 per tonne for the 2010 to 2012 period, rising to $20 per tonne in 2013, and thereafter increasing at the nominal rate of gross domestic product growth.  Contribution limits will correspondingly decline from 70 percent in 2010 to nil in 2018.  Monies raised through contributions to the Technology Fund will be used to invest in technology to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.  Alternatively, regulated entities may be able to receive credits for investing in large-scale and transformative projects at the same contribution rate and under similar requirements as mentioned above.

 

The offset system is intended to encourage emissions reductions from activities outside of the regulated sphere, allowing non-regulated entities to participate in and benefit from emissions reduction activities.  In order to generate offset credits, project proponents must propose and receive approval for emissions reduction activities that will be verified before offset credits will be issued to the project proponent.  Those credits can then be sold to regulated entities for use in compliance or non-regulated purchasers that wish to either cancel the offset credits or bank them for future use or sale.

 

Under the Updated Action Plan, regulated entities will also be able to purchase credits created through the Clean Development Mechanism of the Protocol.  The purchase of such emissions reduction credits will be restricted to 10 percent of each firm’s regulatory obligation, with the added restriction that credits generated through forest sink projects will not be available for use in complying with the Canadian regulations.

 

Finally, a one-time credit of up to 15 metric tons worth of emissions credits will be awarded to regulated entities for emissions reduction activities undertaken between 1992 and 2006.  These credits will be both tradable and bankable.

 

It is currently intended that the proposed greenhouse gas regulations will be published later in 2008, and that the regulations will be finalized in 2009 prior to coming into force on January 1, 2010.

 

Alberta

 

Environmental legislation in the Province of Alberta has been consolidated into the Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act (Alberta) (the “EPEA”), which came into force on September 1, 1993, and the Oil and Gas Conservation Act (Alberta) (the “OGCA”).  The EPEA and OGCA impose stricter environmental standards, require more stringent compliance, reporting and monitoring obligations, and significantly increased penalties.  In 2006, the Alberta Government enacted regulations pursuant to the EPEA to specifically target sulphur oxide and nitrous oxide emissions from industrial operations including the oil and gas industry.  In addition, the reduction emission guidelines outlined in the Climate Change and Emissions Management Amendment Act came into effect on July 1, 2007.  Under this legislation, Alberta facilities emitting more than 100,000 tonnes of greenhouse gases a year must reduce their emissions intensity by 12%.  Industries have three options to choose from in order to meet the reduction requirements outlined in this legislation, and these are: (i) by making improvement to operations that result in reductions; (ii) by purchasing emission credits from other sectors or facilities that have emissions below the 100,000 tonne threshold and are voluntarily reducing their emission; or (iii) by contributing to the Climate Change and Emissions Management Fund.  Industries can either choose one of these options or a combination thereof.

 

42



 

On January 24, 2008, the Alberta Government announced a new climate change action plan that will cut Alberta’s projected 400 million tonnes of emissions in half by 2050. This plan is based on three areas: (i) carbon capture and storage, which will be mandatory for in situ oil sand facilities that use heavy fuels for steam generation; (ii) energy conservation and efficiency; and (iii) greening production through increased investment in clean energy technology, including supporting research on new oil sands extraction processes, as well as the funding of projects that reduce the cost of separating CO2 from other emissions supporting carbon capture and storage.

 

British Columbia

 

British Columbia’s Environmental Assessment Act became effective June 30, 1995.  This legislation rolls the previous processes for the review of major energy projects into a single environmental assessment process with public participation in the environmental review process.  On February 27, 2007, the Government of British Columbia unveiled the Energy Plan outlining the Province’s strategy towards the environment and which includes targeting for zero net greenhouse gas emissions, promoting new investments in innovation, and becoming the world’s leader in sustainable environmental management.  For this purpose, on December 18, 2007, proposals were sought for applications to the Innovative Clean Energy Fund, in order to attract new technologies that will help solve energy and environmental issues.  With regards to the oil and gas industry, the objective is to achieve clean energy through conservation and energy efficient practices, while competitiveness is advocated in order to attract investment for the development of the oil and gas sector. Among the changes to be implemented are: (i) a new Net Profit Royalty Program; (ii) the creation of a Petroleum Registry; (iii) the establishment of an infrastructure royalty program (combining roads and pipelines); (iv) the elimination of routine flaring at producing wells; (v) the creation of policies and measures for the reduction of emissions; (vi) the development of unconventional resources such as tight gas and coalbed gas; and (vii) the new Oil and Gas Technology Transfer Incentive Program that encourages the research, development and use of innovative technologies to increase recoveries from existing reserves and promotes responsible development of new oil and gas reserves.  In furtherance of these initiatives, on February 19, 2008 the provincial government announced that starting on July 1, 2008, provided the legislation is approved, a revenue-neutral carbon tax will be applied to all fossil fuels used in the province. The tax would be phased in, and the initial rate would be based on CO2 equivalent of $10 per tonne for the first six months of 2009 and $15 per tonne for the last six months of 2009, followed by $5 per tonne increases on July of every year until 2012.  Tax credits and reductions will be used in order to offset the tax revenues that the government would receive otherwise.

 

Penn West and the Environment

 

As the federal and provincial programs relating to the regulation of the emission of greenhouse gases and other air pollutants are under development, we are currently unable to predict the total impact of the potential regulations upon our business. Therefore, it is possible that we could face increases in operating costs in order to comply with emissions legislation. However, we, in cooperation with the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers, will continue to work with government to develop an approach to deal with climate change issues that protects the industry’s competitiveness, limits the cost and administrative burden of compliance and supports continued investment in the sector.  In the meantime, we will continue our current activities to reduce emissions intensity, improve energy efficiency and develop CO2 injection and sequestration infrastructure.  See “Risk Factors – Environmental Regulation”.

 

We fully understand our responsibilities of reducing the environmental impacts from our operations and recognize the interests of other land users in resource development areas, and conduct our operations accordingly.  We are committed to reducing the environmental impact from our operations, and to involving stakeholders throughout the exploration, development, production and abandonment process. Our environmental programs encompass resource conservation, stakeholder communication, CO2 sequestration and site abandonment/reclamation.  Our environmental programs are monitored to ensure that they comply with all government environmental regulations and with our own environmental policies. The results of these programs are reviewed with our management and operations personnel.

 

Our Environmental Policy and Environmental Management Plan (“EMP”) encompass the full range of air, water, soil and waste issues associated with exploration, development and production. The EMP includes guidelines to 11 key areas that are considered in conjunction with oil and natural gas development plans. These guidelines help ensure safe and environmentally sound field operations. The Environmental Operating Guidelines are used to train our employees in the practical and economic implementation of the EMP.

 

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We maintain a program of detailed inspections, audits and field assessments to determine and quantify the environmental liabilities that will be incurred during the eventual decommissioning and reclamation of our field facilities. We pursue a program of environmental impact reduction aimed at minimizing these future corporate liabilities without hampering field productivity. This program, launched in 1994 and ongoing into 2008, includes measures to remediate potential contaminant sources, reclaim spill sites and abandon unproductive wells and shut-in facilities. We have implemented strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and flaring and continued the program to plan and test the infrastructure required to inject and permanently “sequester” CO2 in hydrocarbon reservoirs.

 

During 2007, we continued our pilot-scale CO2 injection program at Pembina, where the injection of CO2 commenced in February 2005.  To date, in excess of 1.6 Bcf of liquid CO2 has been injected. If successful, the pilot could lead to a much larger enhanced oil recovery program with potential to sequester very significant volumes of CO2. Also in 2007, we continued to participate in studies to develop a cost effective system to source large volumes of CO2 currently emitted within Alberta, and to transport it by pipeline for injection into producing oil fields in central Alberta.  See “Risk Factors – Resources Plays – Enhanced Oil Recovery”.

 

We are committed to meeting our responsibilities to protect the environment wherever we operate and we anticipate making increased expenditures of both a capital and an expense nature as a result of the increasingly stringent laws relating to the protection of the environment.  We will be taking such steps as required to ensure continued compliance with applicable environmental legislation in each jurisdiction in which we operate.  We believe that we are currently in material compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations.  We also believe that it is reasonably likely that the trend towards stricter standards in environmental legislation and regulation will continue.

 

RISK FACTORS

 

The following is a summary of certain risk factors relating to the business of Penn West and the Operating Entities.  The following information is a summary only of certain risk factors and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, and must be read in conjunction with, the detailed information appearing elsewhere in this Annual Information Form.  Unitholders and potential Unitholders should consider carefully the information contained herein and, in particular, the following risk factors.

 

Being a limited purpose trust makes us largely dependent upon the operations and assets of the Operating Entities.  If the oil and natural gas reserves associated with the Operating Entities’ resource properties are not supplemented through additional development activities or the acquisition of oil and natural gas properties, the ability of the Operating Entities to continue to generate funds flow from operations for distribution to Unitholders may become adversely affected.

 

We are entirely dependent upon the operations and assets of the Operating Entities through our ownership, directly and indirectly, of securities of the Operating Entities, including the common shares of PWPL, the Internal Notes and the NPIs.  Accordingly, our ability to pay cash distributions to Unitholders are dependent upon the ability of the Operating Entities to meet their interest, principal, dividend and other distribution obligations on the securities of the Operating Entities and the NPIs.  The Operating Entities’ income is received from the production of oil and natural gas from the Operating Entities’ resource properties and is susceptible to the risks and uncertainties associated with the oil and natural gas industry generally.

 

Volatility of Oil and Natural Gas Prices

 

Our operational results and the financial condition of our Operating Entities and therefore the amounts paid to us and ultimately distributed to our Unitholders will be dependent on the prices received for oil and natural gas production. Oil and natural gas prices have fluctuated widely during recent years and are determined by economic, and in the case of oil prices, also political factors.  Supply and demand factors, including weather and general economic conditions, as well as conditions in other oil and natural gas regions, impact prices.  Any movement in oil and natural gas prices will have an effect on our funds flow from operations, financial condition and therefore on our financial position and the cash available to be distributed to our Unitholders.  We may manage the risk associated with changes in commodity prices by entering into oil or natural gas price hedges.  If we hedge our commodity price exposure, we could forego the benefits we would otherwise experience if commodity prices increase.  In addition, commodity hedging activities could expose us to cash and income losses.  To the extent that we engage in risk management activities, there are credit risks associated with counterparties with which we contract.

 

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Geo-Political Risks

 

The marketability and price of oil and natural gas that may be acquired or discovered by us is and will continue to be affected by political events throughout the world that cause disruptions in the supply of oil.  Conflicts, or conversely peaceful developments, arising in the Middle-East, and other areas of the world, have a significant impact on the price of oil and natural gas.  Any particular event could result in a material decline in prices and therefore result in a reduction of the Operating Entities’ net production revenue and consequently the funds flow available for distribution to Unitholders.

 

In addition, our oil and natural gas properties, wells and facilities could be subject to a terrorist attack.  If any of our properties, wells or facilities are the subject of a terrorist attack it could have a material adverse effect on us.  We do not currently have insurance to protect against the risk of terrorism.

 

Depletion of Reserves

 

Distributions of income from our properties, absent commodity price increases or cost effective exploration, acquisition and development activities, will decline over time in a manner consistent with declining production from typical oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids reserves.  As we distribute a portion of our funds flow to Unitholders, we will not be reinvesting funds flow in the same manner as some other corporate industry participants and will only conduct limited exploratory activities as one of our main objectives is to maximize long-term distributions.  Accordingly, absent equity capital injections or increased debt levels, our production levels and reserves will decline over time and, absent changes to other factors, the level of income available for distributions will also decline over time.

 

Our future oil and natural gas reserves and production, and therefore our funds flows, will be highly dependent on our success in exploring and exploiting our reserve and land base and acquiring additional reserves. Without reserve additions through acquisition, exploration or development activities, our reserves and production will decline over time as our existing reserves are produced.

 

To the extent that external sources of capital, including the issuance of additional Trust Units, become limited or unavailable, our ability to make the necessary capital investments to maintain or expand our oil and natural gas reserves will be impaired.  To the extent that we are required to use higher proportions of funds flow to finance capital expenditures or property acquisitions, the level of funds flow available for distributions will be reduced.

 

There can be no assurance that we will be successful in developing or acquiring additional reserves on terms that meet our investment objectives.

 

Variations in Foreign Exchange Rates and Interest Rates

 

World oil prices are quoted in United States dollars and the price received by Canadian producers is therefore affected by the Canadian/US dollar exchange rate which will fluctuate over time.  In recent years, the Canadian dollar has increased materially in value against the United States dollar and has at times traded above par against the United States dollar.  Such material increases in the value of the Canadian dollar have negatively impacted Penn West’s Operating Entities production revenues.  Any further material increases in the value of the Canadian dollar relative to the United States dollar would exacerbate this negative impact.  This increase in the exchange rate for the Canadian dollar and future Canadian/United States exchange rates could accordingly impact future distributions and the future value of our reserves as determined by independent evaluators.

 

To the extent that we engage in risk management activities related to foreign exchange rates, there is credit risk associated with counterparties with which we contract.

 

An increase in interest rates (whether as a result of a further deterioration of the credit market or otherwise) could result in a significant increase in the amount we pay to service debt, resulting in a decrease in distributions to Unitholders, which would negatively impact the market price of the Trust Units.

 

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Reserve and Resource Estimates

 

There are numerous uncertainties inherent in estimating quantities of oil, natural gas and NGLs reserves and resources and funds flows to be derived therefrom, including many factors beyond our control.  The reserve and associated funds flow information set forth in this Annual Information Form represents estimates only.  In general, estimates of economically recoverable oil and natural gas reserves and resources and the future net funds flows therefrom are based upon a number of variable factors and assumptions, such as historical production from the properties, production rates, ultimate reserve recovery, timing and amount of capital expenditures, marketability of oil and natural gas, royalty rates, the assumed effects of regulation by governmental agencies and future operating costs, all of which may vary from actual results.  All such estimates are to some degree speculative, and classifications of reserves and resources are attempts to define the degree of speculation involved.  For those reasons, estimates of the economically recoverable oil and natural gas reserves or estimates of resources attributable to any particular group of properties, classification of such reserves based on risk of recovery and estimates of future net revenues expected therefrom prepared by different engineers, or by the same engineers at different times, may vary.  Our actual production, revenues and development and operating expenditures will vary from reserve and resource estimates thereof and such variations could be material.

 

Estimates of proved reserves that may be developed and produced in the future are sometimes based upon volumetric calculations and upon analogy to similar types of reserves rather than actual production history.  Estimates based on these methods are generally less reliable than those based on actual production history.  Subsequent evaluation of the same reserves based upon production history and production practices will result in variations in the estimated reserves and such variations could be material.

 

In accordance with applicable securities laws, GLJ and Sproule have used forecast price and cost estimates in calculating reserve quantities included in this Annual Information Form.  Actual future net funds flows will be affected by other factors including but not limited to actual production levels, supply and demand for oil and natural gas, curtailments or increases in consumption by oil and natural gas purchasers, changes in governmental regulation or taxation and the impact of inflation on costs.

 

Actual production and funds flows derived from reserves will vary from the reserve estimates contained in the engineering reports summarized in this Annual Information Form, and such variations could be material.  The engineering reports summarized in this Annual Information Form are based in part on the assumption that certain activities will be undertaken by us in future years and the further assumption that such activities will be successful.  The reserves and estimated funds flows to be derived therefrom contained in the engineering reports summarized in this Annual Information Form will be reduced, in future years, to the extent that such activities are not undertaken or, if undertaken, do not achieve the level of success assumed in the engineering reports summarized in this Annual Information Form.

 

Environmental Regulation

 

All phases of the oil and natural gas business present environmental risks and hazards and are subject to environmental regulation pursuant to a variety of federal, provincial and local laws and regulations.  Environmental legislation provides for, among other things, restrictions and prohibitions on spills, releases or emissions of various substances produced in association with oil and natural gas operations.  The legislation also requires that wells, pipelines and associated facility sites be operated, maintained, abandoned and reclaimed to the satisfaction of applicable regulatory authorities.  Compliance with such legislation can require significant expenditures and a breach may result in the imposition of fines and penalties, some of which may be material.  Environmental legislation is evolving in a manner expected to result in stricter standards and enforcement, larger fines and legal liability, and potentially increased capital expenditures and operating costs.  The discharge of oil, natural gas or other pollutants into the air, soil or water may give rise to liabilities to governments and third parties and may require our operating entities to incur costs to remedy such discharge.  Furthermore, management believes the political climate appears to favour new programs for environmental laws and regulation, particularly in relation to the reduction of emissions, and there is no assurance that any such programs, laws or regulations, if proposed and enacted, will not contain emission reduction targets which we cannot meet, and financial penalties or charges could be incurred as a result of the failure to meet such targets.

 

In particular, there is uncertainty regarding the Kyoto Protocol and the Government of Canada’s Clean Air Act of 2006.  The Clean Air Act proposes to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and other contaminants, however emission targets and compliance deadlines differ from those outlined in the Kyoto Protocol which was ratified by Canada.  If passed, the Clean

 

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Air Act may have adverse operational and financial implications to us.  Provincial emission reduction requirements, such as those contained in Alberta’s Climate Change and Emissions Management Act, may require the reduction of emissions or emissions intensity of our operations and facilities.  The direct or indirect costs of these regulations may adversely and materially affect our business.  Although we believe that we are in material compliance with current applicable environmental regulations, no assurance can be given that environmental laws will not result in a curtailment of production or a material increase in the costs of production, development or exploration activities or otherwise adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations or prospects.  Future changes in other environmental legislation could occur and result in stricter standards and enforcement, larger fines and liability, and increased capital expenditures and operating costs, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.  See “Industry Conditions – Environmental Regulation”.

 

Given the evolving nature of the debate related to climate change and the control of greenhouse gases and resulting requirements, it is not currently possible to predict either the nature of those requirements or the impact on us and our operations and financial condition.

 

Competition

 

There is strong competition relating to all aspects of the oil and gas industry.  There are numerous trusts and conventional exploration and production companies in the oil and gas industry, who are also competing for the acquisition of properties with longer life reserves and properties with exploitation and development opportunities.  The SIFT Tax imposed by the Government of Canada is expected by management to make our Trust Units less attractive as consideration for acquisitions.  See “Risk Factors – Federal Tax Changes”.  As a result of such increasing competition, it is expected to become more difficult to acquire producing assets and reserves on beneficial terms.  We also compete for skilled industry personnel with a substantial number of other oil and gas companies and trusts.

 

Reliance on Management

 

Unitholders will be dependent on the management of PWPL in respect of the administration and management of all matters relating to our operations.  Investors who are not willing to rely on the management of PWPL should not invest in the Trust Units or the Convertible Debentures.

 

Federal Tax Changes

 

On October 31, 2006, the Federal Minister of Finance proposed to deny the deduction of distributions at the trust level and subject any income of certain publicly traded mutual fund trusts to tax at rates comparable to the combined federal and provincial corporate tax and to treat such distributions as taxable dividends to the unitholders (the “SIFT Tax”).  On December 21, 2006, the Federal Minister of Finance released draft legislation to implement the SIFT Tax pursuant to which, commencing January 1, 2011 (provided Penn West only experiences “normal growth” and no “undue expansion” before then) certain distributions from us which would have otherwise been taxed as ordinary income generally will be characterized as dividends to our Unitholders and will be subject to tax at the corporate rates at the trust level.  On June 22, 2007, the legislation received Royal assent.  The implementation of the SIFT Tax is expected to result in adverse tax consequences to us and certain Unitholders (including most particularly Unitholders that are tax deferred or Non-Residents of Canada) and may impact the level of cash distributions from us.

 

Management of PWPL believes that the SIFT Tax has reduced, and may further reduce, the value of the Trust Units, which would be expected to increase the cost to Penn West of raising capital in the public capital markets.  In addition, management of PWPL believes that the SIFT Tax: (a) has substantially eliminated any competitive advantage that Penn West and other Canadian energy trusts have enjoyed relative to their corporate peers in raising capital in a tax-efficient manner; and (b) may place Penn West and other Canadian energy trusts at a competitive disadvantage relative to certain of their industry competitors, including US master limited partnerships, which will continue to not be subject to entity level taxation.  The SIFT Tax may also make the Trust Units less attractive as consideration for acquisitions in the future.  As a result, it may become more difficult for us to compete effectively for acquisition opportunities.

 

Further, the SIFT Tax provides that, while there is no intention to prevent “normal growth” during the transitional period, any “undue expansion” would result in the transition period being terminated with the loss of the benefit to us of that transitional

 

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period.  As a result, the adverse tax consequences resulting from the SIFT Tax could be borne sooner than January 1, 2011.  On December 15, 2006, the Department of Finance issued guidelines with respect to what is meant by “normal growth” in this context.  Specifically, the Department of Finance stated that “normal growth” would include equity growth within certain “safe harbour” limits, measured by reference to a “specified investment flow-through’s” (“SIFT”) market capitalization as of the end of trading on October 31, 2006 (which would include only the market value of the SIFT’s issued and outstanding publicly-traded trust units, and not any convertible debt, options or other interests convertible into or exchangeable for trust units).  Those safe harbour limits are 40 percent for the period from November 1, 2006 to December 31, 2007, and 20 percent each for calendar year 2008, 2009 and 2010.  Moreover, these limits are cumulative, so that any unused limit for a period carries over into the subsequent period.  Additional details of the Department of Finance’s guidelines include the following:

 

              new equity for these purposes includes units and debt that is convertible into units (and may include other substitutes for equity if attempts are made to develop those);

 

              replacing debt that was outstanding as of October 31, 2006 with new equity, whether by a conversion into trust units of convertible debentures or otherwise, will not be considered growth for these purposes and will therefore not affect the safe harbour; and

 

              the exchange, for trust units, of exchangeable partnership units or exchangeable shares that were outstanding on October 31, 2006 will not be considered growth for those purposes and will therefore not affect the safe harbour where the issuance of the trust units is made in satisfaction of the exercise of the exchange right by a person other than the SIFT.

 

Penn West’s and Canetic’s combined market capitalization as of the close of trading on October 31, 2006, having regard only to the issued and outstanding publicly-traded Trust Units and Canetic trust units at such date, was approximately $15 billion, which means the combined “safe harbour” equity growth amount for the period ending December 31, 2007 is approximately $6 billion, and for each of calendar year 2008, 2009 and 2010 is an additional approximately $3 billion (in any case, not including equity, including convertible debentures, issued to replace debt that was outstanding on October 31, 2006).

 

While these guidelines are such that it is unlikely they would affect our ability to raise the capital required to maintain and grow our existing operations in the ordinary course during the transition period, they may adversely affect the cost of raising capital and our ability to undertake more significant acquisitions.

 

Currently, the SIFT Tax rules provide that the SIFT Tax rate will be the federal general corporate income tax rate (which is anticipated to be 16.5 percent in 2011 and 15 percent in 2012) plus the provincial SIFT tax factor discussed below.

 

On February 26, 2008, the Minister of Finance announced (the “Provincial SIFT Tax Proposal”) that instead of basing the provincial component of the SIFT Tax on a flat rate of 13 percent, the provincial component will be based on the general provincial corporate income tax rate in each province in which the SIFT has a permanent establishment.  For purposes of calculating this component of the tax, the general corporate taxable income allocation formula will be used.  Specifically, our taxable distributions will be allocated to provinces by taking half of the aggregate of:

 

      that proportion of our taxable distributions for the year that our wages and salaries in the province are of our total wages and salaries in Canada; and

 

      that proportion of our taxable distributions for the year that our gross revenues in the province are of our total gross revenues in Canada.

 

Under the Provincial SIFT Tax Proposal we would be considered to have a permanent establishment in Alberta only, where the provincial tax rate in 2011 is expected to be 10 percent.  Taxable distributions that are not allocated to any province would instead be subject to a 10 percent rate constituting the provincial component.  There can be no assurance, however, that the Provincial SIFT Tax Proposal will be enacted as proposed.

 

The long-term effect of the SIFT Tax on us cannot be determined at this time, but may be materially adverse to us and some or all of our Unitholders.  There can be no assurance that we will be able to generate sufficient tax pools and/or reorganize our legal and tax structure in order to mitigate, in whole or in part, the expected impact of the SIFT Tax.

 

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Failure to Realize Anticipated Benefits of Acquisitions and Dispositions

 

We make acquisitions and dispositions of businesses and assets in the ordinary course of business.  Achieving the benefits of acquisitions (including, without limitation, the Vault Acquisition and the Canetic Acquisition) depends in part on successfully consolidating functions and integrating operations and procedures in a timely and efficient manner, as well as our ability to realize the anticipated growth opportunities and synergies from combining the acquired businesses and operations with ours.  The integration of acquired businesses may require substantial management effort, time and resources and may divert management’s focus from other strategic opportunities and operational matters.  Management continually assesses the value and contribution of services provided and assets required to provide such services.  In this regard, non-core assets are periodically disposed of, so that we can focus our efforts and resources more efficiently.  Depending on the state of the market for such non-core assets, certain of our non-core assets, if disposed of, could be expected to realize less than their carrying value in our financial statements.

 

Incorrect Assessment of the Value of Acquisitions

 

Acquisitions of oil and gas properties or companies will be based in large part on engineering and economic assessments made by independent engineers.  These assessments include a series of assumptions regarding such factors as recoverability and marketability of oil and gas, future prices of oil and gas and operating costs, future capital expenditures and royalties and other government levies which will be imposed over the producing life of the reserves.  Many of these factors are subject to change and are beyond our control.  All such assessments involve a measure of geological and engineering uncertainty that could result in lower production and reserves than anticipated.

 

Management of Growth

 

We may be subject to growth-related risks, including capacity constraints and pressure on our internal systems and controls.  Our ability to manage growth effectively will require us to continue to implement and improve our operational and financial systems and to expand, train and manage our employee base.  Our inability to deal with this growth could have a material adverse impact on our business, operations and prospects.

 

Changes in Legislation

 

Income tax laws, or other laws or government incentive programs relating to the oil and gas industry, such as the treatment of mutual fund trusts and resource taxation, may in the future be changed or interpreted in a manner that adversely affects us and our Unitholders.  Tax authorities having jurisdiction over us or the Unitholders may disagree with how we calculate our income for tax purposes or could change administrative practises to our detriment or the detriment of our Unitholders.

 

For such period of time as we operate in a trust structure, we intend to continue to qualify as a mutual fund trust for purposes of the Tax Act.  We may not, however, always be able to satisfy any future requirements for the maintenance of mutual fund trust status.  Should our status as a mutual fund trust be lost or successfully challenged by a relevant tax authority, certain adverse consequences may arise for us and our Unitholders.  Some of the significant consequences of losing mutual fund trust status are as follows:

 

      We would be taxed on certain types of income distributed to Unitholders, including income generated by the royalties we hold.  Payment of this tax may have adverse consequences for some Unitholders, particularly Unitholders that are not residents of Canada and residents of Canada that are otherwise exempt from Canadian income tax or hold their units in a tax deferred account.

 

      We would cease to be eligible for the capital gains refund mechanism available under Canadian tax laws if we ceased to be a mutual fund trust.

 

      Trust Units held by Unitholders that are not residents of Canada would become taxable Canadian property.  These Non-Resident holders would be subject to Canadian income tax on any gains realized on a disposition of Trust Units held by them.

 

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      Trust Units would not constitute qualified investments for registered retirement savings plans (“RRSPs”), registered retirement income funds (“RRIFs”), registered education savings plans (“RESPs”) or deferred profit sharing plans.  If, at the end of any month, one of these exempt plans holds Trust Units that are not qualified investments, the plan must pay a tax equal to one percent of the fair market value of the Trust Units at the time the Trust Units were acquired by the exempt plan.  An RRSP or RRIF holding non-qualified Trust Units would be subject to taxation on income attributable to the Trust Units.  If an RESP holds non-qualified Trust Units, it may have its registration revoked by the Canada Revenue Agency.

 

In addition, we may take certain measures in the future to the extent we believe necessary to ensure that we maintain our status as a mutual fund trust.  These measures could be adverse to certain Unitholders, particularly Non-Residents.  See “Risk Factors – Non-Resident Ownership of Trust Units”.

 

New Alberta Royalty Regime

 

On February 16, 2007, the Alberta government began a review of its royalty regime for oil sands, conventional oil and natural gas and coalbed methane with the stated intention of assessing whether the existing royalty regime was providing Albertans with a fair return on Alberta’s natural resources while maintaining an internationally competitive system that allows the Alberta economy to continue to prosper.

 

On October 25, 2007, the Alberta government released a report titled “The New Royalty Framework” (the “Report”) containing the government’s proposals for Alberta’s new royalty regime (the “Proposed Royalty Regime”), which is scheduled to take effect on January 1, 2009.  The Proposed Royalty Regime includes the following features:

 

              New, simplified royalty formulas for conventional oil and natural gas that will operate on sliding scales that are determined by commodity prices and well productivity. The formulas eliminate the need for conventional oil and natural gas tiers and several royalty exemption programs.

 

              A sliding scale will be implemented for oil sands royalty rates ranging from one to nine percent pre-payout and 25 to 40 percent post-payout depending on the price of oil.

 

              The province will exercise its existing right to receive “royalty-in-kind” on oil sands projects (i.e. raw bitumen delivered to the Crown-operated Alberta Petroleum Marketing Commission in lieu of cash royalties).

 

              The government will ensure that eligible expenditures and definitions of oil sands projects (also known as “ring fence” definition) that determine when a project has reached payout are tightly and clearly defined. Environmental “costs of doing business” will continue to be recognized as eligible expenditures.

 

              No grandfathering will be implemented for existing oil sands projects.

 

              Substantial legislative, regulatory and systems updates will be introduced before changes become fully effective in January 2009.

 

              The government will implement “shallow rights reversion” (“Shallow Rights Reversion”) to maximize the extraction of resources.  Under this policy, mineral rights to shallow gas geological formations that are not being developed would revert back to the government and be made available for resale.

 

As at December 31, 2007, approximately 69.9 percent of our total proved gross reserves and approximately 68.0 percent of our total proved plus probable gross reserves were located in the province of Alberta (including the reserves acquired by us pursuant to the Vault Acquisition and the Canetic Acquisition).  Given that the Proposed Royalty Regime has only recently been announced, it is not possible at this time to determine the full impact of the Proposed Royalty Regime on our financial condition and operations, and in particular the extent to which the Proposed Royalty Regime will reduce our funds flow, which will in turn reduce the cash otherwise available for distribution by us to our Unitholders.  Penn West’s, Canetic’s and Vault’s reserves and the future net revenue associated therewith as summarized in this Annual Information Form do not reflect the increased royalty rates contemplated by the Proposed Royalty Regime and, after taking the Proposed Royalty Regime into account, such values may be adversely affected.

 

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Furthermore, the Report does not contain any details regarding the implementation of the Alberta government’s proposed Shallow Rights Reversion program.  Although the government has indicated that it intends to begin a consultation process with industry regarding the implementation of the Shallow Rights Reversion program, no such consultation process has begun as of the date hereof.  Furthermore, although it is anticipated that the Alberta government will give existing leaseholders a grace period to make their own plans before opening up shallower zones to other industry participants, the Alberta government has not provided any indication as to how long such a grace period might be.  It is therefore not possible at this time to determine the potential impact of the proposed Shallow Rights Reversion program on our financial condition and operations.

 

We can not provide any assurance that the Proposed Royalty Regime will be implemented in the form proposed in the Report.  If changes are made to the Proposed Royalty Regime before it is implemented by the Alberta government, such changes could result in the implementation of a new royalty regime that impacts us in a materially different manner, and that is more adverse to us, than the royalty regime proposed in the Report.

 

Additional Financing

 

In the normal course of making capital investments to maintain and expand our oil and gas reserves, additional Trust Units may be issued which may result in a decline in production per Trust Unit and reserves per Trust Unit.  Additionally, from time to time, we may issue Trust Units from treasury in order to reduce debt and maintain a more optimal capital structure.  Conversely, to the extent that external sources of capital, including the issuance of additional Trust Units, becomes limited or unavailable, our ability to make the necessary capital investments to maintain or expand our oil and gas reserves will be impaired.  Management believes that the SIFT Tax imposed by the Government of Canada will substantially eliminate the competitive advantage that we and other energy trusts have enjoyed relative to our industry competitors in raising capital in a tax-efficient manner.  See “Risk Factors – Federal Tax Changes”.  To the extent that we are required to use additional funds flow to finance capital expenditures or property acquisitions or to pay debt service charges or to reduce debt, the amount of funds flow available for distribution to Unitholders will be reduced.

 

Debt Service

 

Amounts paid in respect of interest and principal on debt we have incurred will reduce funds available for distributions. Variations in interest rates and any scheduled principal repayments could result in significant changes in the amount required to be applied to debt service before payment of the NPIs.  Certain covenants in the agreements with our lenders may also limit distributions in certain circumstances. Increases in interest rates could also result in decreases to the market value of our Trust Units.  Although we believe our credit facilities and other debt instruments will be sufficient for our immediate requirements, there can be no assurance that the amount will be adequate for our future financial obligations or that additional funds will be able to be obtained.

 

Our current credit agreement and other debt instruments are unsecured and we must comply with certain financial debt covenants.  The lenders and other debt holders could, in the future, require security over a portion of or substantially all of our assets.  Should this occur, in the event that we become unable to pay our debt service charges or otherwise commit an event of default such as bankruptcy, the lender and other debt holders may foreclose on or require us to sell our oil and gas and other assets.

 

Regulatory

 

Oil and natural gas operations (exploration, production, pricing, marketing and transportation) are subject to extensive controls and regulations imposed by various levels of government that may be amended from time to time.  See “Industry Conditions”.  Our operations may require licenses from various governmental authorities.  There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain all necessary licenses and permits that may be required to carry out exploration and development at our projects.

 

Operational Matters

 

Acquiring, developing and exploring for oil and natural gas involves many risks, which even a combination of experience, knowledge and careful evaluation may not be able to overcome.  These risks include, but are not limited to, encountering

 

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unexpected formations or pressures, premature declines of reservoirs, blow-outs, equipment failures and other accidents, sour gas releases, uncontrollable flows of oil, natural gas or well fluids, adverse weather conditions, pollution, other environmental risks, fires and spills.  Although we maintain insurance in accordance with customary industry practice based on our projected cost-benefit analysis of maintaining such insurance, we are not fully insured against all of these risks.  Losses resulting from the occurrence of these risks could have a material adverse impact on us.  Like other oil and natural gas trusts and companies, we attempt to conduct our business and financial affairs so as to protect against political and economic risks applicable to operations in the jurisdictions where we operate but there can be no assurance that we will be successful in so protecting our assets.

 

Continuing production from a property, and to some extent the marketing of production therefrom, are largely dependent upon the ability of the operator of the property.  Operating costs on most properties have increased steadily over recent years.  To the extent the operator fails to perform these functions properly, operating income may be reduced. Payments from production generally flow through the operator and there is a risk of delay and additional expense in receiving such revenues if the operator becomes insolvent. Although satisfactory title reviews are generally conducted in accordance with industry standards, such reviews do not guarantee or certify that a defect in the chain of title may not arise to defeat our claim to certain of our oil and gas properties. A reduction of the income available for distributions could result in such circumstances.

 

Title to Assets

 

Although title reviews may be conducted prior to the purchase of oil and natural gas producing properties or the commencement of drilling wells, such reviews do not guarantee or certify that an unforeseen defect in the chain of title will not arise to defeat our claim, which could result in a reduction of the revenue received by the Operating Entities and consequently the funds flow available for distribution to Unitholders.

 

Expiration of Licenses and Leases

 

Our properties are held in the form of licenses and leases and working interests in licenses and leases.  If we or the holder of the license or lease fail to meet the specific requirement of a license or lease, the license or lease may terminate or expire.  There can be no assurance that any of the obligations required to maintain each license or lease will be met.  The termination or expiration of a license or lease or the working interest relating to a license or lease may have a material adverse affect on our results of operations and business.

 

Insurance

 

Our involvement in the exploration for and development of oil and natural gas properties could subject us to liability for pollution, blowouts, property damage, personal injury or other hazards.  Prior to commencing operations our operating entities obtain insurance in accordance with industry standards to address certain of these risks.  Such insurance has limitations on liability that may not be sufficient to cover the full extent of such liabilities.  In addition, such risks may not, in all circumstances, be insurable or, in certain circumstances, our operating entities may elect not to obtain insurance to deal with specific risks due to the high premiums associated with such insurance or other reasons. The payment of such uninsured liabilities would reduce the funds available to us. The occurrence of a significant event that we are not fully insured against, or the insolvency of the insurer of such event, could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or prospects and will reduce funds flow otherwise distributable by us.

 

Maintenance of Distributions

 

Future oil and natural gas reserves and hence revenues are highly dependent on our Operating Entities’ success in exploiting existing properties and acquiring additional reserves.  We also intend to distribute approximately 60 percent to 70 percent of our net funds flow to Unitholders rather than reinvesting it in reserve additions and production growth or maintenance.  Accordingly, if external sources of capital, including the issuance of additional Trust Units, become limited or unavailable on commercially reasonable terms, our Operating Entities’ ability to make the necessary capital investments to maintain or expand their oil and natural gas reserves will be impaired.  To the extent that our Operating Entities are required to use funds flow to finance capital expenditures or property acquisitions, the level of funds flow available for distribution to Unitholders will be reduced.  Additionally, we cannot guarantee that we will be successful in exploring for and developing additional reserves or acquiring additional reserves on terms that meet our investment objectives.  Without these reserve additions, our

 

52



 

reserves will deplete and as a consequence, either production from, or the average reserve life of, our properties will decline. Either decline may result in a reduction in the value of Trust Units and in a reduction in cash available for distributions to Unitholders.

 

Delay in Cash Distributions

 

In addition to the usual delays in payment by purchasers of oil and natural gas to the operators of the properties, and by the operator to our Operating Entities, payments between any of such parties may also be delayed by restrictions imposed by lenders, delays in the sale or delivery of products, delays in the connection of wells to a gathering system, blowouts or other accidents, recovery by the operator of expenses incurred in the operation of properties or the establishment by the operator of reserves for such expenses.

 

Expansion of Operations

 

The operations and expertise of management are currently focused on oil and gas production and exploration and development in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin and, following the completion of Canetic Acquisition, in North Dakota, Montana and Wyoming in the United States.  In the future, we may acquire oil and gas properties outside these geographic areas.  In addition, the Trust Indenture does not limit our activities to oil and gas production and development, and we could acquire other energy related assets, such as additional oil and natural gas processing plants, upgraders or pipelines.  Expansion of our activities into new areas may present new additional risks or alternatively, significantly increase the exposure to one or more of the present risk factors that may result in our future operational and financial conditions being adversely affected.

 

Additional Taxation Applicable to Non-Residents

 

The Tax Act and the tax treaties between Canada and other countries may impose additional withholding or other taxes on the cash distributions or other property paid by us to Unitholders who are Non-Residents of Canada, and these taxes may change from time to time.  Since January 1, 2005, a 15 percent Canadian withholding tax is applied to any return of capital portion of distributions made to Non-Resident Unitholders.

 

Additionally, the reduced “Qualified Dividend” rate of 15 percent tax which has applied to our distributions under current US tax laws is scheduled to expire at the end of 2010 and there is no assurance that this reduced tax rate will be renewed by the US government at such time.

 

Furthermore, it is anticipated that the implementation of the SIFT Tax may have tax consequences for Non-Residents of Canada that are more adverse than the tax consequences to other classes of Unitholders.

 

Nature of Trust Units

 

The Trust Units do not represent a traditional investment in the oil and natural gas sector and should not be viewed by investors as shares in PWPL.  The Trust Units represent a fractional interest in our assets. As holders of Trust Units, Unitholders will not have the statutory rights normally associated with ownership of shares of a corporation including, for example, the right to bring “oppression” or “derivative” actions.  The rights of Unitholders are specifically set forth in the Trust Indenture.  In addition, trusts are not defined as recognized entities within the definitions of legislation such as the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (Canada), the Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act (Canada) and in some cases the Winding Up and Restructuring Act (Canada).  As a result, in the event of an insolvency or restructuring, a Unitholder’s position as such may be quite different than that of a shareholder of a corporation.  Our sole assets will be the NPIs and other investments in securities of our Operating Entities, including the Internal Notes. The price per Trust Unit is a function of anticipated income available for distributions, the oil and gas assets acquired by us and our ability to effect long-term growth in the value of our assets.  The market price of the Trust Units will be sensitive to a variety of market conditions including, but not limited to, interest rates and our ability to acquire suitable oil and natural gas properties. Changes in market conditions may adversely affect the trading price of the Trust Units.

 

The Trust Units are not “deposits” within the meaning of the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation Act (Canada) and are not insured under the provisions of that Act or any other legislation.  Furthermore, we are not a trust

 

53



 

company and, accordingly, we are not registered under any trust and loan company legislation as we do not carry on or intend to carry on the business of a trust company.

 

Unitholder Limited Liability

 

The Trust Indenture provides that no Unitholder will be subject to any liability in connection with our obligations and affairs and, in the event that a court determines Unitholders are subject to any such liabilities, the liabilities will be enforceable only against, and will be satisfied only out of, our assets. Pursuant to the Trust Indenture, we will indemnify and hold harmless each Unitholder from any costs, damages, liabilities, expenses, charges and losses suffered by a Unitholder resulting from or arising out of such Unitholder not having such limited liability.

 

The Trust Indenture provides that all written instruments signed by or on our behalf must contain a provision to the effect that such obligation will not be binding upon Unitholders personally. Personal liability may also arise in respect of claims against us that do not arise under contracts, including claims in tort, claims for taxes and possibly certain other statutory liabilities. The possibility of any personal liability of this nature arising is considered unlikely.  The Income Trusts Liability Act (Alberta) came into force on July 1, 2004.  The legislation provides that a unitholder will not be, as a beneficiary, liable for any act, default, obligation or liability of the trustee that arises after the legislation came into force.

 

Our operations will be conducted, upon the advice of counsel, in such a way and in such jurisdictions as to avoid as far as possible any material risk of liability on the Unitholders for claims against us.

 

Resource Plays – Enhanced Oil Recovery

 

We currently use conventional artificial lift technology to recover heavy oil from bitumen deposits at our Peace River oil sands project.  The potential or planned use of enhanced oil recovery (“EOR”) methods such as steam injection (Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage and Cyclical Steam Stimulation), solvent injection and firefloods to increase the ultimate recovery of oil resources in place are subject to significant risk factors.  These factors, which could lead to a delayed or cancelled EOR application in the Peace River oil sands project, include but are not limited to the following: (i) changing economic conditions (commodity pricing, operating and capital expenditure fluctuations); (ii) changing engineering and technical conditions (ability to apply EOR methods to the reservoir and the production response thereto); (iii) the large development program may need to spread over a longer time period than initially planned due to requirement to allocate capital expenditures to different periods; (iv) surface access and deliverability issues (First Nations relations, weather, pipeline, road and processing matters); and (v) financing (the availability of sufficient financing on acceptable terms).

 

The use or potential or planned use of CO2 miscible flooding to increase the oil recovery from large legacy oil pools such as Pembina, South Swan Hills and Midale is subject to significant risk factors which could lead to the delay or cancellation of some or all of these projects.  These factors include but are not limited to: (i) CO2 infrastructure (the capture and transportation of the miscible agent to us at an economic cost); (ii) changing economic conditions (commodity pricing, operating and capital expenditure fluctuations); (iii) changing engineering and technical conditions (ability to apply CO2 EOR methods to the reservoir and the production response thereto); (iv) the large development program may need to be spread over a longer time period than planned due to capital allocation requirements; (v) surface access and deliverability issues (weather, pipeline, road and processing matters); and (vi) financing (the availability of sufficient financing on acceptable terms).

 

Coalbed Methane (“CBM”) Projects

 

The engineering, geological, production and associated dewatering techniques employed on CBM projects are relatively new in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin and their application to our CBM prone properties is subject to this risk in addition to risk factors similar to those listed in the preceding paragraphs related to the Peace River oil sands and CO2 miscible flooding.

 

Dilution

 

We may make future acquisitions or enter into financings or other transactions involving the issuance of securities of Penn West, which may be dilutive to Unitholders.  In addition, we may determine to redeem the currently outstanding Convertible Debentures for Trust Units or to settle the interest and/or pay the redemption price at maturity of such Convertible

 

54



 

Debentures by issuing additional Trust Units.  Accordingly, holders of Trust Units may suffer dilution in the event of any such issuance of Trust Units.

 

Seasonality

 

The level of activity in the Canadian oil and gas industry is influenced by seasonal weather patterns.  Wet weather and spring thaw may make the ground unstable.  Consequently, municipalities and provincial transportation departments enforce road bans that restrict the movement of rigs and other heavy equipment, thereby reducing activity levels.  Also, certain oil and gas producing areas are located in areas that are inaccessible other than during the winter months because the ground surrounding the sites in these areas consists of swampy terrain.  Seasonal factors and unexpected weather patterns may lead to declines in our exploration, development and production activities and thereby adversely affect our results of operations and business.

 

Non-Resident Ownership of Trust Units

 

In order for us to maintain our status as a mutual fund trust under the Tax Act, we must not be established or maintained primarily for the benefit of Non-Residents unless we satisfy the requirements of certain exceptions. The Trust Indenture provides that Penn West will use its best commercial efforts to maintain its status as a mutual fund trust under the Tax Act.  Generally speaking, the Tax Act provides that a trust will permanently lose its “mutual fund trust” status (which is essential to the income trust structure) if it is established or maintained primarily for the benefit of Non-Residents (which is generally interpreted to mean that the majority of unitholders must not be Non-Residents), unless at the relevant time, “all or substantially all” of the trust’s property consists of property other than taxable Canadian property (the “TCP Exception”).  Based on information obtained by us through our transfer agent and financial intermediaries, in February 2008 (and following the completion of the Vault Acquisition and the Canetic Acquisition), we have estimated that approximately 61 percent of our issued and outstanding Trust Units were held by Non-Residents.  We have determined that we currently meet the requirement of the TCP Exception, and as a result, the Trust Indenture does not currently have a specific limit on the percentage of Trust Units that may be owned by Non-Residents.

 

There is no assurance that the TCP Exception will continue to be available to us or that the Government of Canada will not introduce new changes or proposals to tax regulations directed at Non-Resident ownership which, given our level of Non-Resident ownership, may result in Penn West losing its mutual fund trust status or could otherwise detrimentally affect Penn West and the market price of the Trust Units.  PWPL intends to continue to take the necessary measures in order to ensure Penn West continues to qualify as a mutual fund trust under the Tax Act, as it currently exists.  See “Risk Factors – Changes in Legislation”.

 

Aboriginal Claims

 

Aboriginal peoples have claimed aboriginal title and rights to portions of western Canada.  We are not aware that any claims have been made in respect of our properties and assets; however, if a claim arose and was successful this could have an adverse affect on our results of operations and business.

 

Availability of Drilling Equipment and Access

 

Oil and natural gas exploration and development activities are dependent on the availability of drilling and related equipment (typically leased from third parties) in the particular areas where such activities will be conducted.  Demand for such limited equipment or access restrictions may affect the availability of such equipment to us and may delay exploration and development activities.  To the extent we are not the operator of our oil and gas properties, we will be dependent on such operators for the timing of activities related to such properties and will be largely unable to direct or control the activities of the operators.

 

Potential Conflicts of Interest

 

The directors and officers of PWPL are engaged in, and will continue to engage in, other activities in the oil and natural gas industry and, as a result of these and other activities, the directors and officers of PWPL may become subject to conflicts of interest.  The ABCA provides that in the event that a director has an interest in a contract or proposed contract or agreement, the director shall disclose his interest in such contract or agreement and shall refrain from voting on any matter in respect of

 

55



 

such contract or agreement unless otherwise provided under the ABCA.  To the extent that conflicts of interest arise, such conflicts will be resolved in accordance with the provisions of the ABCA.

 

Net Asset Value

 

Our net asset value from time to time will vary depending upon a number of factors beyond the control of management, including oil and gas prices.  The trading prices of the Trust Units from time to time are also determined by a number of factors some of which are beyond the control of management and such trading prices may be greater or less than our net asset value.

 

Limited Ability of Residents in the United States to Enforce Civil Remedies

 

Both Penn West and PWPL are organized under the laws of Alberta, Canada and have their principal place of business in Canada.  Most of the directors and all of the officers of PWPL and the representatives of the experts who provide services to Penn West and PWPL (such as its auditors and its independent reserve engineers), and a substantial portion of the assets of Penn West and all or a substantial portion of the assets of such persons are located outside the United States.  As a result, it may be difficult for investors in the United States to effect service of process within the United States upon such directors, officers and representatives of experts who are not residents of the United States or to enforce against them judgements of the United States courts based upon civil liability under the United States federal securities laws or the securities laws of any state within the United States.  There is doubt as to the enforceability in Canada against Penn West or PWPL or against any of PWPL’s directors, officers or representatives of experts who are not residents of the United States, in original actions or in actions for enforcement of judgement of United States courts of liabilities based solely upon the United States federal securities laws or securities laws of any state within the United States.

 

Differences in Reporting Practices in Canada and the United States

 

We report our production and reserve quantities in accordance with Canadian practices and specifically in accordance with NI 51-101.  These practices are different from the practices used to report production and to estimate reserves in reports and other materials filed with the SEC by companies in the United States.

 

We incorporate additional information with respect to production and reserves, which is either not generally included or prohibited under rules of the SEC and practices in the United States.  We follow the Canadian practice of reporting gross production and reserve volumes; however, we also follow the United States practice of separately reporting these volumes on a net basis (after the deduction of royalties and similar payments).  We also follow the Canadian practice of using forecast prices and costs when we estimate our reserves.

 

We included in this Annual Information Form estimates of proved and proved plus probable reserves.  The SEC generally prohibits the inclusion of estimates of probable reserves in filings made with it.  This prohibition does not apply to us because we are a Canadian foreign private issuer.

 

Foreign Exchange Risk of Non-Resident Unitholders

 

Our distributions are declared in Canadian dollars and converted to foreign denominated currencies at the spot exchange rate at the time of payment.  As a consequence, investors are subject to foreign exchange risk.  To the extent that the Canadian dollar weakens with respect to their currency, the amount of the distribution will be reduced when converted to their home currency.

 

Asset Write-Downs

 

Canadian GAAP requires that management apply certain accounting policies and make certain estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts in our consolidated financial statements.

 

Under Canadian GAAP, the amounts at which petroleum and natural gas property and equipment are carried as net assets on the balance sheet are subject to a cost-recovery or “ceiling” test, which is based in part upon estimated future net funds flows from reserves. If net capitalized costs exceed the estimated recoverable amounts, we will have to charge the amount of the

 

56



 

excess to net income.  A decline in the net value of oil and natural gas properties could cause capitalized costs to exceed the cost ceiling, resulting in a non-cash charge against net income.  The value of oil and gas properties is highly dependent upon the prices of oil and natural gas.  Under United States GAAP, the estimated recoverable amounts are calculated based on estimated future net funds flows from proved reserves discounted at ten percent and using commodity prices in effect on the balance sheet date.  The use of discounting and constant prices results in a greater likelihood of a write-down under United States GAAP than Canadian GAAP.  See “Risk Factors – Volatility of Oil and Natural Gas Prices”.

 

Canadian GAAP requires that goodwill balances be assessed at least annually for impairment and that any permanent impairment be charged to net income. A permanent reduction in reserves, decline in commodity prices, and/or reduction in the Trust Unit price may indicate goodwill impairment.  As at December 31, 2007 we had $652.0 million recorded on our balance sheet as goodwill arising out of the Petrofund Acquisition.  An impairment would result in a write-down of the goodwill value and a non-cash charge against net income. The calculation of impairment value is subject to management estimates and assumptions.

 

Canadian GAAP in respect of accounting for financial instruments may result in non-cash charges against income as a result of changes in the fair market value of hedging instruments. A decrease in the fair market value of the hedging instruments as the result of fluctuations in commodity prices and/or foreign exchange rates may result in a non-cash charge against income.  Such non-cash charges may be temporary in nature if the fair market value subsequently increases.

 

Return of Capital

 

Trust Units will have no value when the underlying petroleum and natural gas properties can no longer be economically produced and, as a result, cash distributions may not represent a “yield” in the traditional sense and are not comparable to bonds or other fixed yield securities, where investors are entitled to a full return of the principal amount of debt on maturity in addition to a return on investment through interest payments.  Distributions can represent a return of or a return on Unitholders’ capital.

 

Unitholders have a limited right to require us to repurchase their Trust Units, which is referred to as a redemption right.  See “Information Relating to the Trust – Trust Indenture – Right of Redemption”.  It is anticipated that the redemption right will not be the primary mechanism for Unitholders to liquidate their investment.  The right to receive cash in connection with a redemption is subject to limitations.  Any securities which may be distributed in specie to Unitholders in connection with a redemption may not be listed on any stock exchange and a market may not develop for such securities.  In addition, there may be resale restrictions imposed by law upon the recipients of the securities pursuant to the redemption right.

 

MATERIAL CONTRACTS

 

Except for contracts entered into in the ordinary course of business, the only contracts that are material to us and that were entered into within the most recently completed financial year or subsequent thereto, or before the most recently completed financial year but which are still material and are still in effect, are the following:

 

(a)           the Trust Indenture described under “Information Relating to the Trust – Trust Indenture”;

 

(b)           the Administration Agreement referred to under “Information Relating to the Trust – Trust Indenture – Our Management” and “Corporate Governance”;

 

(c)           the Debenture Indentures described under “Information Relating to Penn West – Convertible Debentures”;

 

(d)           the credit agreement dated January 10, 2008 among PWPL and certain lenders and other parties in respect of Penn West’s $4 billion syndicated credit facility, which agreement is described in Note 5 to Penn West’s financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2007, which note is incorporated by reference herein; and

 

(e)           the note purchase agreement dated May 31, 2007 among PWPL and the holders of PWPL’s US$475 million principal amount of notes, which agreement is described in Note 5 to Penn West’s financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2007, which note is incorporated by reference herein.

 

57



 

Copies of each of these documents have been filed on SEDAR at www.sedar.com.

 

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS AND REGULATORY ACTIONS

 

There are no legal proceedings that Penn West is or was a party to, or that any of Penn West’s property is or was the subject of, during the most recently completed financial year, that were or are material to Penn West, and there are no such material legal proceedings that Penn West is currently aware of that are contemplated.

 

There were no:  (i) penalties or sanctions imposed against Penn West by a court relating to securities legislation or by a security regulatory authority during the most recently completed financial year; (ii) other penalties or sanctions imposed by a court or regulatory body against Penn West that would likely be considered important to a reasonable investor in making an investment decision; or (iii) settlement agreements Penn West entered into before a court relating to securities legislation or with a securities regulatory authority during Penn West’s most recently completed financial year.

 

TRANSFER AGENTS AND REGISTRARS

 

The transfer agent and registrar for the Trust Units is CIBC Mellon Trust Company at its principal offices in Calgary, Alberta and Toronto, Ontario.  The transfer agent and registrar for the 7.2% Debentures and the 8% 2005 Debentures is Valiant Trust Company at its principal offices in Calgary, Alberta and Toronto, Ontario.  The transfer agent and registrar for the 6.5% 2005 Debentures is Olympia Trust Company at its principal offices in Calgary, Alberta and Toronto, Ontario.  The transfer agent and registrar for the 6.5% 2006 Debentures, the 8% 2004 Debentures and the 9.4% Debentures is Computershare Trust Company of Canada at its principal offices in Calgary, Alberta and Toronto, Ontario.

 

INTEREST OF MANAGEMENT AND OTHERS IN MATERIAL TRANSACTIONS

 

There were no material interests, direct or indirect, of any director or executive officer of PWPL, any person or company that beneficially owns, or controls or directs, directly or indirectly, more than 10% of the outstanding Trust Units, or any known associate or affiliate of any such person, in any transaction within the three most recently completed financial years or during the current financial year that has materially affected or is reasonably expected to materially affect Penn West, except for the matters disclosed in Note 16, Note 17 and under the heading “Related party transactions” of the consolidated financial statements for the years ending 2007, 2006 and 2005, which disclosure is incorporated by reference in this Annual Information Form and is filed on SEDAR at www.sedar.com.

 

INTERESTS OF EXPERTS

 

There is no person or company whose profession or business gives authority to a report, valuation, statement or opinion made by such person or company and who is named as having prepared or certified a report, valuation, statement or opinion described or included in a filing, or referred to in a filing, made under National Instrument 51-102 by us during, or related to, our most recently completed financial year (excluding auditors of businesses acquired by us) other than GLJ, our independent engineering evaluator, Sproule, Canetic’s and Vault’s independent engineering evaluator (GLJ and Sproule each an “Engineer” and collectively the “Engineers”), and KPMG LLP, our auditors.  The registered or beneficial interests, direct or indirect, in any securities or other property of Penn West or of one of its associates or affiliates:  (i) held by an Engineer and by the “designated professionals” (as defined in National Instrument 51-102) of the Engineer, when that Engineer prepared the report, valuation, statement or opinion referred to above; (ii) received by an Engineer and by the “designated professionals” of that Engineer, after the time specified above; or (iii) to be received by an Engineer and by the “designated professionals” of that Engineer; in each case, represented less than 1% of each class of our outstanding securities.  KPMG LLP is the auditor of Penn West and is independent within the meaning of the Rules of Professional Conduct of the Institute of Chartered Accountants, Alberta.

 

In addition, none of the aforementioned persons or companies, nor any director, officer or employee of any of the aforementioned persons or companies, is or is expected to be elected, appointed or employed as a director, officer or employee of PWPL or of any of our associate or affiliate entities.  John A. Brussa, the Chairman of PWPL, is a partner of Burnet, Duckworth & Palmer LLP, a law firm which renders legal services to us.

 

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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

Additional information relating to Penn West may be found on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and on EDGAR at www.sec.gov.  Additional information, including directors’ and officers’ remuneration and indebtedness, principal holders of Penn West’s securities and securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans, is contained in Penn West’s information circular for its most recent annual meeting of Unitholders that involves the election of directors.  In addition, additional financial information is provided in Penn West’s financial statements and management’s discussion and analysis for its most recently completed financial year.

 

Any document referred to in this Annual Information Form and described as being filed on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and on EDGAR at www.sec.gov (including those documents referred to as being incorporated by reference in this Annual Information Form) may be obtained free of charge from us by contacting our Investor Relations Department by telephone (toll free: 1-888-770-2633) or by email (investor_relations@pennwest.com).

 

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APPENDIX A-1

 

REPORT OF MANAGEMENT AND DIRECTORS ON RESERVES DATA AND OTHER INFORMATION

 

(Form 51-101F3)

 

Management of Penn West Petroleum Ltd. (“PWPL”) on behalf of Penn West Energy Trust (collectively “Penn West”) is responsible for the preparation and disclosure of information with respect to Penn West’s oil and gas activities in accordance with securities regulatory requirements. This information includes reserves data which are estimates of proved reserves and probable reserves and related future net revenue as at December 31, 2007, estimated using forecast prices and costs.

 

An independent qualified reserves evaluator has evaluated Penn West’s reserves data. The report of the independent qualified reserves evaluator is presented below.

 

The Reserves Committee of the Board of Directors of PWPL has:

 

(a)                                  reviewed Penn West’s procedures for providing information to the independent qualified reserves evaluator;

 

(b)                                 met with the independent qualified reserves evaluator to determine whether any restrictions affected the ability of the independent qualified reserves evaluator to report without reservation; and

 

(c)           reviewed the reserves data with management and the independent qualified reserves evaluator.

 

The Reserves Committee of the Board of Directors of PWPL has reviewed Penn West’s procedures for assembling and reporting other information associated with oil and gas activities and has reviewed that information with management. The Board of Directors has, on the recommendation of the Reserves Committee, approved:

 

(a)                                  the content and filing with securities regulatory authorities of Form 51-101F1 containing reserves data and other oil and gas information;

 

(b)                                 the filing of Form 51-101F2 which is the report of the independent qualified reserves evaluator on the reserves data; and

 

(c)                                  the content and filing of this report.

 

Because the reserves data are based on judgments regarding future events, actual results will vary and the variations may be material.  However, any variations should be consistent with the fact that reserves are categorized according to the probability of their recovery.

 

(signed) William E. Andrew

 

(signed) Murray R. Nunns

Chief Executive Officer

 

President and Chief Operating Officer

 

 

 

(signed) Daryl Gilbert

 

(signed) Thomas E. Phillips

Director and Chairman of the Reserves Committee

 

Director and Member of the Reserves Committee

 

 

 

March 26, 2008

 

 

 



 

APPENDIX A-2

 

GLJ REPORT ON RESERVES DATA

 

(Form 51-101 F2)

 

To the Board of Directors of Penn West Petroleum Ltd. (“PWPL”) on behalf of Penn West Energy Trust (collectively “Penn West”):

 

1.             We have evaluated Penn West’s reserves data as at December 31, 2007.  The reserves data are estimates of proved reserves and probable reserves and related future net revenue as at December 31, 2007, estimated using forecast prices and costs.

 

2.             The reserves data are the responsibility of PWPL’s management.  Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the reserves data based on our evaluation.

 

We carried out our evaluation in accordance with standards set out in the Canadian Oil and Gas Evaluation Handbook (the “COGE Handbook”) prepared jointly by the Society of Petroleum Evaluation Engineers (Calgary Chapter) and the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy & Petroleum (Petroleum Society).

 

3.             Those standards require that we plan and perform an evaluation to obtain reasonable assurance as to whether the reserves data are free of material misstatement.  An evaluation also includes assessing whether the reserves data are in accordance with principles and definitions presented in the COGE Handbook.

 

4.             The following table sets forth the estimated future net revenue (before deduction of income taxes) attributed to proved plus probable reserves, estimated using forecast prices and costs and calculated using a discount rate of 10 percent, included in the reserves data of Penn West evaluated by us for the year ended December 31, 2007, and identifies the respective portions thereof that we have evaluated and reported on to PWPL’s Board of Directors:

 




Independent Qualified

 

Description and 
Preparation Date

 

 

 

Net Present Value of Future Net Revenue

 

Reserves Evaluator or

 

of Evaluation

 

Location of

 

(millions before income taxes, 10% discount rate)

 

Auditor

 

Report

 

Reserves

 

Audited

 

Evaluated

 

Reviewed

 

Total

 

GLJ Petroleum

 

February 7, 2008

 

Canada

 

nil

 

$

8,100

 

nil

 

$

8,100

 

Consultants Ltd.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5.             In our opinion, the reserves data respectively evaluated by us have, in all material respects, been determined and are in accordance with the COGE Handbook.  We express no opinion on the reserves data that we reviewed but did not audit or evaluate.

 

6.             We have no responsibility to update our reports referred to in paragraph 4 for events and circumstances occurring after their respective preparation dates.

 

7.             Because the reserves data are based on judgements regarding future events, actual results will vary and the variations may be material.  However, any variations should be consistent with the fact that reserves are categorized according to the probability of their recovery.

 

Executed as to our report referred to above:

 

(signed) GLJ Petroleum Consultants Ltd.
Calgary, Alberta
February 20, 2008

 



 

APPENDIX A-3

 

STATEMENT OF RESERVES DATA – PENN WEST ENERGY TRUST

 

The Trust’s statement of reserves data and other oil and gas information is set forth below (the “Statement”).  The effective date of the Statement is December 31, 2007 and the preparation date of the Statement is March 26, 2008.  The Report of Management and Directors on Oil and Gas Disclosure on Form 51-101F3 and the Report on Reserves Data by GLJ on Form 51-101F2 are attached as Appendices A-1 and A-2 to this Annual Information Form.

 

Disclosure of Reserves Data

 

The reserves data set forth below is based upon an evaluation prepared by GLJ with an effective date of December 31, 2007 contained in the GLJ Report dated February 20, 2008.  The reserves data summarizes our oil, natural gas liquids and natural gas reserves and the net present values of future net revenue from these reserves using forecast prices and costs, not including the impact of any hedging activities.  The reserves data conforms with the requirements of NI 51-101.  We engaged GLJ to provide an evaluation of proved and proved plus probable reserves.  See also “Notes to Reserve Data Tables” below.

 

The GLJ Report does not take into account the new Alberta royalty regime released on October 25, 2007 titled “The New Royalty Framework”, which is scheduled to take effect on January 1, 2009, because sufficient details are not yet available for it to be taken into account.  See “Risk Factors – New Alberta Royalty Regime”.

 

The information contained in this Appendix A-3 does not include information with respect to the oil and gas properties and reserves of Vault, which was acquired by Penn West effective January 10, 2008, or Canetic which was acquired by Penn West effective January 11, 2008.  Information with respect to the oil and gas properties and reserves of Canetic is set forth in Appendices B-1, B-2 and B-3 to this Annual Information Form.  In addition, see “Description of Our Business – Pro Forma Reserves Data of Penn West, Canetic and Vault” for pro forma information in respect of the reserves of Penn West, Canetic and Vault as at December 31, 2007.

 

All of our reserves are located in Canada and, specifically, in the provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan and Manitoba.

 

It should not be assumed that the estimates of future net revenues presented in the tables below represent the fair market value of the reserves.  There is no assurance that the forecast prices and costs assumptions will be attained and variances could be material.  The recovery and reserves estimates of crude oil, natural gas liquids and natural gas reserves provided herein are estimates only and there is no guarantee that the estimated reserves will be recovered.  Actual crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquid reserves may be greater than or less than the estimates provided herein.  For more information as to the risks involved, see “Risk Factors – Reserve and Resource Estimates” and “Risk Factors – Volatility of Oil and Natural Gas Prices”.

 



 

Reserves Data (Forecast Prices and Costs)

 

SUMMARY OF OIL AND GAS RESERVES
as of December 31, 2007
FORECAST PRICES AND COSTS

 

 

 

RESERVES

 

 

 

LIGHT AND MEDIUM OIL

 

HEAVY OIL

 

RESERVES CATEGORY

 

Gross
(Mbbl)

 

Net
(Mbbl)

 

Gross
(Mbbl)

 

Net
(Mbbl)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PROVED

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Developed Producing

 

151,427

 

137,827

 

41,849

 

37,852

 

Developed Non-Producing

 

4,433

 

4,239

 

2,576

 

2,189

 

Undeveloped

 

34,496

 

31,002

 

1,041

 

973

 

TOTAL PROVED

 

190,355

 

173,069

 

45,466

 

41,014

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PROBABLE

 

57,228

 

51,229

 

16,383

 

14,522

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TOTAL PROVED PLUS PROBABLE

 

247,584

 

224,298

 

61,849

 

55,535

 

 

 

 

RESERVES

 

 

 

NATURAL GAS

 

NATURAL GAS LIQUIDS

 

RESERVES CATEGORY

 

Gross
(MMcf)

 

Net
(MMcf)

 

Gross
(Mbbl)

 

Net
(Mbbl)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PROVED

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Developed Producing

 

621,130

 

510,529

 

15,221

 

10,554

 

Developed Non-Producing

 

43,350

 

35,001

 

967

 

653

 

Undeveloped

 

38,483

 

31,161

 

1,100

 

775

 

TOTAL PROVED

 

702,963

 

576,691

 

17,288

 

11,982

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PROBABLE

 

197,772

 

162,597

 

5,136

 

3,733

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TOTAL PROVED PLUS PROBABLE

 

900,734

 

739,287

 

22,423

 

15,715

 

 

 

 

RESERVES

 

 

 

TOTAL OIL EQUIVALENT

 

RESERVES CATEGORY

 

Gross
(Mboe)

 

Net
(Mboe)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PROVED

 

 

 

 

 

Developed Producing

 

312,018

 

271,321

 

Developed Non-Producing

 

15,201

 

12,915

 

Undeveloped

 

43,051

 

37,944

 

TOTAL PROVED

 

370,270

 

322,180

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PROBABLE

 

111,709

 

96,583

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TOTAL PROVED PLUS PROBABLE

 

481,979

 

418,763

 

 

2



 

NET PRESENT VALUES OF FUTURE NET REVENUE
BEFORE INCOME TAXES DISCOUNTED AT (%/year)
FORECAST PRICES AND COSTS(1)

 

 

 

0%

 

5%

 

10%

 

15%

 

20%

 

Unit Value Before Income
Tax Discounted at
10%/year(2)

 

RESERVES CATEGORY

 

(MM$)

 

(MM$)

 

(MM$)

 

(MM$)

 

(MM$)

 

($/bbl)

 

($/Mcf)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PROVED

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Developed Producing

 

10,945

 

7,543

 

5,935

 

4,980

 

4,336

 

21.87

 

3.65

 

Developed Non-Producing

 

544

 

345

 

255

 

203

 

168

 

19.74

 

3.29

 

Undeveloped

 

1,852

 

947

 

599

 

357

 

239

 

14.74

 

2.46

 

TOTAL PROVED

 

13,342

 

8,836

 

6,749

 

5,540

 

4,743

 

20.95

 

3.49

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PROBABLE

 

4,714

 

2,236

 

1,352

 

934

 

699

 

13.99

 

2.33

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TOTAL PROVED PLUS PROBABLE

 

18,055

 

11,072

 

8,100

 

6,474

 

5,442

 

19.34

 

3.22

 

 


Notes:

(1)                                  Management of PWPL has estimated that the impact of Alberta’s Proposed Royalty Regime, in the form currently proposed, is to decrease the net present values of future net revenue before income taxes by approximately 3 percent to 4 percent using a 10 percent discount rate and using the GLJ forecast prices set forth in this Annual Information Form.

(2)                                  The unit values are based on net reserve volumes.

 

NET PRESENT VALUES OF FUTURE NET REVENUE
AFTER INCOME TAXES DISCOUNTED AT (%/year)
FORECAST PRICES AND COSTS

 

RESERVES CATEGORY

 

0%
(MM$)

 

5%
(MM$)

 

10%
(MM$)

 

15%
(MM$)

 

20%
(MM$)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PROVED

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Developed Producing

 

9,774

 

6,991

 

5,620

 

4,780

 

4,201

 

Developed Non-Producing

 

435

 

287

 

217

 

176

 

148

 

Undeveloped

 

1,417

 

740

 

443

 

285

 

191

 

TOTAL PROVED

 

11,627

 

8,018

 

6,280

 

5,241

 

4,540

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PROBABLE

 

3,490

 

1,702

 

1,057

 

749

 

573

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TOTAL PROVED PLUS PROBABLE

 

15,117

 

9,720

 

7,337

 

5,990

 

5,113

 

 

3



 

TOTAL FUTURE NET REVENUE
(UNDISCOUNTED)
as of December 31, 2007
FORECAST PRICES AND COSTS

 

RESERVES
CATEGORY

 

REVENUE
(MM$)

 

ROYALTIES
(MM$)

 

OPERATING
COSTS
(MM$)

 

DEVELOPMENT
COSTS
(MM$)

 

ABANDONMENT
AND
RECLAMATION
COSTS
(MM$)

 

FUTURE
NET
REVENUE
BEFORE
INCOME
TAXES
(MM$)

 

INCOME
TAXES
(MM$)

 

FUTURE
NET
REVENUE
AFTER
INCOME
TAXES
(MM$)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Proved Reserves

 

26,741

 

3,316

 

8,927

 

729

 

427

 

13,342

 

1,715

 

11,627

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Proved Plus Probable Reserves

 

35,669

 

4,502

 

11,529

 

1,108

 

474

 

18,055

 

2,939

 

15,117

 

 

FUTURE NET REVENUE
BY PRODUCTION GROUP
as of December 31, 2007
FORECAST PRICES AND COSTS

 

 

 

 

 

FUTURE NET
REVENUE
BEFORE
INCOME TAXES
(discounted at
10%/year)

 

UNIT VALUE(3)

RESERVES CATEGORY

 

PRODUCTION GROUP

 

(MM$)

 

($/bbl)

 

($/Mcf)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Proved Reserves

 

Light and Medium Crude Oil (1)

 

4,267

 

22.20

 

3.70

 

 

Heavy Oil(1)

 

785

 

17.91

 

2.98

 

 

Natural Gas(2)

 

1,663

 

19.71

 

3.28

 

 

Non-Conventional Oil and Gas Activities

 

34

 

19.31

 

3.22

 

 

TOTAL

 

6,749

 

20.95

 

3.49

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Proved Plus Probable Reserves

 

Light and Medium Crude Oil(1)

 

5,074

 

20.46

 

3.41

 

 

Heavy Oil(1)

 

975

 

16.43

 

2.74

 

 

Natural Gas(2)

 

2,009

 

18.58

 

3.10

 

 

Non-Conventional Oil and Gas Activities

 

42

 

16.98

 

2.83

 

 

TOTAL

 

8,100

 

19.38

 

3.23


Notes:

(1)                                  Including solution gas and other by-products.

(2)                                  Including by-products but excluding solution gas and by-products from oil wells.

(3)                                  The unit values are based on net reserve volumes.

 

Notes to Reserves Data Tables

 

1.             Columns may not add due to rounding.

 

2.             The crude oil, natural gas liquids and natural gas reserves estimates presented in the GLJ Report are based on the definitions and guidelines contained in the Canadian Oil and Gas Evaluation Handbook (“COGE Handbook”).  A summary of those definitions are set forth below:

 

Reserves Categories

 

Reserves are estimated remaining quantities of oil and natural gas and related substances anticipated to be recoverable from known accumulations, as of a given date, based on:

 

4



 

(a)                                  analysis of drilling, geological, geophysical and engineering data;

 

(b)                                 the use of established technology; and

 

(c)                                  specified economic conditions, which are generally accepted as being reasonable.

 

Reserves are classified according to the degree of certainty associated with the estimates.

 

(a)                                  Proved reserves are those reserves that can be estimated with a high degree of certainty to be recoverable. It is likely that the actual remaining quantities recovered will exceed the estimated proved reserves.

 

(b)                                 Probable reserves are those additional reserves that are less certain to be recovered than proved reserves. It is equally likely that the actual remaining quantities recovered will be greater or less than the sum of the estimated proved plus probable reserves.

 

Other criteria that must also be met for the classification of reserves are provided in the COGE Handbook.

 

Development and Production Status

 

Each of the reserves categories (proved and probable) may be divided into developed and undeveloped categories.

 

(a)                                  Developed reserves are those reserves that are expected to be recovered from existing wells and installed facilities or, if facilities have not been installed, that would involve a low expenditure (for example, when compared to the cost of drilling a well) to put the reserves on production. The developed category may be subdivided into producing and non-producing.

 

(i)            Developed producing reserves are those reserves that are expected to be recovered from completion intervals open at the time of the estimate. These reserves may be currently producing or, if shut-in, they must have previously been on production, and the date of resumption of production must be known with reasonable certainty.

 

(ii)           Developed non-producing reserves are those reserves that either have not been on production, or have previously been on production, but are shut-in, and the date of resumption of production is unknown.

 

(b)                                 Undeveloped reserves are those reserves expected to be recovered from known accumulations where a significant expenditure (for example, when compared to the cost of drilling a well) is required to render them capable of production. They must fully meet the requirements of the reserves category (proved, probable) to which they are assigned.

 

In multi-well pools, it may be appropriate to allocate total pool reserves between the developed and undeveloped categories or to subdivide the developed reserves for the pool between developed producing and developed non-producing. This allocation should be based on the estimator’s assessment as to the reserves that will be recovered from specific wells, facilities and completion intervals in the pool and their respective development and production status.

 

Levels of Certainty for Reported Reserves

 

The qualitative certainty levels referred to in the definitions above are applicable to individual reserve entities (which refers to the lowest level at which reserves calculations are performed) and to reported reserves (which refers to the highest level sum of individual entity estimates for which reserves estimates are presented). Reported reserves should target the following levels of certainty under a specific set of economic conditions:

 

(a)                                  at least a 90 percent probability that the quantities actually recovered will equal or exceed the estimated proved reserves; and

 

5



 

(b)                                 at least a 50 percent probability that the quantities actually recovered will equal or exceed the sum of the estimated proved plus probable reserves.

 

A qualitative measure of the certainty levels pertaining to estimates prepared for the various reserves categories is desirable to provide a clearer understanding of the associated risks and uncertainties. However, the majority of reserves estimates are prepared using deterministic methods that do not provide a mathematically derived quantitative measure of probability. In principle, there should be no difference between estimates prepared using probabilistic or deterministic methods.

 

Additional clarification of certainty levels associated with reserves estimates and the effect of aggregation is provided in the COGE Handbook.

 

3.                                       Forecast prices and costs

 

NI 51-101 defines “forecast prices and costs” as future prices and costs that are: (i) generally acceptable as being a reasonable outlook of the future; and (ii) if, and only to the extent that, there are fixed or presently determinable future prices or costs to which we are legally bound by a contractual or other obligation to supply a physical product, including those for an extension period of a contract that is likely to be extended, those prices or costs rather than the prices and costs referred to in subparagraph (i).

 

The forecast cost and price assumptions include increases in wellhead selling prices and take into account inflation with respect to future operating and capital costs.  Crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids benchmark reference pricing, as at December 31, 2007, inflation and exchange rates utilized in the GLJ Report were as follows:

 

SUMMARY OF PRICING AND INFLATION RATE ASSUMPTIONS
as of December 31, 2007
FORECAST PRICES AND COSTS

 

 

 

OIL

 

 

 

EDMONTON LIQUIDS PRICES

 

 

 

 

 

Year

 

WTI
Cushing
Oklahoma
($US/bbl)

 

Edmonton
Par Price
40ºAPI
($Cdn/bbl)

 

Hardisty
Heavy
12ºAPI
($Cdn/bbl)

 

Cromer
Medium
29.3ºAPI
($Cdn/bbl)

 

NATURAL
GAS
AECO
($Cdn/Mcf)

 

Propane
($Cdn/bbl)

 

Butane
($Cdn/bbl)

 

Pentanes
Plus
($Cdn/bbl)

 

INFLATION
RATES(1)
%/year

 

EXCHANGE
RATE(2)
($ US equals
$1 Cdn)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Forecast

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2008

 

90.81

 

89.63

 

54.34

 

77.54

 

6.63

 

55.30

 

69.30

 

91.61

 

 

1.000

 

2009

 

87.00

 

85.82

 

52.01

 

74.24

 

7.38

 

52.94

 

66.35

 

87.71

 

2.0

 

1.000

 

2010

 

84.33

 

83.13

 

50.38

 

71.91

 

7.65

 

51.25

 

64.23

 

84.97

 

2.0

 

1.000

 

2011

 

82.39

 

81.18

 

49.18

 

70.22

 

7.65

 

50.05

 

62.72

 

82.97

 

2.0

 

1.000

 

2012

 

82.13

 

80.92

 

49.02

 

69.99

 

7.60

 

49.89

 

62.53

 

82.70

 

2.0

 

1.000

 

2013

 

82.40

 

81.18

 

49.71

 

70.22

 

7.69

 

50.05

 

62.72

 

82.97

 

2.0

 

1.000

 

2014

 

83.23

 

81.99

 

50.74

 

70.92

 

7.88

 

50.53

 

63.33

 

83.80

 

2.0

 

1.000

 

2015

 

84.08

 

82.82

 

51.78

 

71.63

 

8.05

 

51.02

 

63.95

 

84.66

 

2.0

 

1.000

 

2016

 

84.94

 

83.68

 

52.84

 

72.37

 

8.23

 

51.53

 

64.59

 

85.53

 

2.0

 

1.000

 

2017

 

86.65

 

85.37

 

53.92

 

73.83

 

8.41

 

52.57

 

65.89

 

87.26

 

2.0

 

1.000

 

2018

 

88.38

 

87.08

 

55.00

 

75.31

 

8.58

 

53.62

 

67.21

 

89.00

 

2.0

 

1.000

 

Thereafter

 

+2

%

+2

%

+2

%

+2

%

+2

%

+2

%

+2

%

+2

%

2.0

 

1.000

 

 


Notes:

 

(1)                                  Inflation rates for forecasting prices and costs.

(2)                                  Exchange rates used to generate the benchmark reference prices in this table.

 

6



 

Weighted average actual prices realized, including hedging activities, for the year ended December 31, 2007 were $7.02/Mcf for natural gas, $69.16/bbl for light and medium crude oil, $45.26/bbl for heavy oil and $57.37/bbl for natural gas liquids.

 

4.                                       Future Development Costs

 

The following table sets forth development costs deducted in the estimation of our future net revenue attributable to the reserve categories noted below.

 

 

 

Forecast Prices and Costs

 

Year

 

Proved Reserves
(MM$)

 

Proved Plus Probable
Reserves (MM$)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2008

 

199

 

260

 

2009

 

134

 

186

 

2010

 

95

 

129

 

2011

 

72

 

92

 

2012

 

47

 

64

 

Total: Undiscounted for all years

 

729

 

1,108

 

 

We currently expect to fund the development costs of the reserves through internally generated funds flow withheld from distributions.

 

There can be no guarantee that funds will be available or that we will allocate funding to develop all of the reserves attributed in the GLJ Report.  Failure to develop those reserves would have a negative impact on future production and funds flow and could result in negative revisions to our reserves.

 

The interest and other costs of any external funding are not included in the reserves and future net revenue estimates and would reduce reserves and future net revenue to some degree depending upon the funding sources utilized.  We do not currently anticipate that interest or other funding costs would make development of any property uneconomic.

 

5.                                       Estimated future well abandonment costs related to reserve wells have been taken into account by GLJ in determining the aggregate future net revenue therefrom.

 

6.                                       The forecast price and cost assumptions assumed the continuance of current laws and regulations.

 

7.                                       All factual data supplied to GLJ was accepted as represented. No field inspection was conducted.

 

8.                                       The estimates of future net revenue presented in the tables above do not represent fair market value.

 

Reconciliations of Changes in Reserves

 

The following table sets forth the reconciliation of our gross reserves as at December 31, 2007, using forecast price and cost estimates derived from the GLJ Report.

 

7



 

RECONCILIATION OF
COMPANY GROSS RESERVES
BY PRODUCT TYPE
FORECAST PRICES AND COSTS

 

 

 

LIGHT AND MEDIUM OIL(3)

 

HEAVY OIL(3)

 

NATURAL GAS(3)

 

FACTORS

 

Gross
Proved
(Mbbl)

 

Gross
Probable
(Mbbl)

 

Gross
Proved
Plus
Probable
(Mbbl)

 

Gross
Proved
(Mbbl)

 

Gross
Probable
(Mbbl)

 

Gross
Proved
Plus
Probable
(Mbbl)

 

Gross
Proved
(MMcf)

 

Gross
Probable
(MMcf)

 

Gross
Proved
Plus
Probable
(MMcf)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

December 31, 2006

 

186,930

 

50,880

 

237,810

 

45,901

 

14,031

 

59,932

 

757,625

 

203,213

 

960,838

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Extensions

 

169

 

72

 

241

 

1,999

 

1,062

 

3,061

 

3,749

 

2,494

 

6,242

 

Improved Recovery(1)

 

3,124

 

3,120

 

6,244

 

2,299

 

921

 

3,221

 

13,306

 

1,478

 

14,784

 

Technical Revisions(2)

 

3,578

 

(686

)

2,892

 

1,317

 

(152

)

1,165

 

23,363

 

(16,648

)

6,716

 

Discoveries

 

46

 

13

 

59

 

172

 

69

 

241

 

4,202

 

1,069

 

5,271

 

Acquisitions

 

11,990

 

3,685

 

15,675

 

1,208

 

334

 

1,543

 

36,037

 

13,920

 

49,957

 

Dispositions

 

(348

)

(109

)

(458

)

(55

)

(23

)

(77

)

(18,283

)

(7,754

)

(26,037

)

Economic Factors

 

935

 

254

 

1,189

 

459

 

140

 

599

 

 

 

 

Production

 

(16,068

)

 

(16,068

)

(7,835

)

 

(7,835

)

(117,036

)

 

(117,036

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

December 31, 2007

 

190,355

 

57,229

 

247,584

 

45,466

 

16,383

 

61,849

 

702,963

 

197,771

 

900,734

 

 


Note:

 

(1)                                  Improved recovery includes the following infill drilling:

Infill Drilling

 

1,355

 

1,739

 

3,094

 

531

 

162

 

693

 

3,652

 

1,607

 

5,259

 

 

 

 

NATURAL GAS LIQUIDS(3)

 

TOTAL OIL EQUIVALENT(3)

 

FACTORS

 

Gross
Proved
(Mbbl)

 

Gross
Probable
(Mbbl)

 

Gross
Proved Plus
Probable
(Mbbl)

 

Gross
Proved
(Mboe)

 

Gross
Probable
(Mboe)

 

Gross
Proved Plus
Probable
(Mboe)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

December 31, 2006

 

19,590

 

5,303

 

24,893

 

378,692

 

104,083

 

482,775

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Extensions

 

35

 

11

 

46

 

2,827

 

1,560

 

4,387

 

Improved Recovery(1)

 

223

 

108

 

330

 

7,864

 

4,395

 

12,259

 

Technical Revisions(2)

 

(679

)

(385

)

(1,064

)

8,109

 

(3,998

)

4,112

 

Discoveries

 

73

 

17

 

90

 

991

 

277

 

1,268

 

Acquisitions

 

565

 

232

 

797

 

19,770

 

6,571

 

26,341

 

Dispositions

 

(424

)

(150

)

(574

)

(3,874

)

(1,574

)

(5,448

)

Economic Factors

 

 

 

 

1,394

 

395

 

1,788

 

Production

 

(2,094

)

 

(2,094

)

(45,503

)

 

(45,503

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

December 31, 2007

 

17,288

 

5,135

 

22,423

 

370,270

 

111,709

 

481,978

 

 


Notes:

 

(1)                                  Improved recovery includes the following infill drilling:

Infill Drilling

 

90

 

40

 

129

 

2,584

 

2,208

 

4,792

 

(2)                                  Technical Revisions includes reclassification of 1,727 Mbbl of proved oil reserves as heavy from light/medium and 1,882 Mbbl proved and probable oil reserves as heavy from light/medium.

(3)                                  Columns may not add due to rounding.

 

8



 

Additional Information Relating to Reserves Data

 

Undeveloped Reserves

 

Undeveloped reserves are attributed by GLJ in accordance with standards and procedures contained in the COGE Handbook.  Proved undeveloped reserves are those reserves that can be estimated with a high degree of certainty and are expected to be recovered from known accumulations where a significant expenditure is required to render them capable of production.  Probable undeveloped reserves are those reserves that are less certain to be recovered than proved reserves and are expected to be recovered from known accumulations where a significant expenditure is required to render them capable of production.

 

In some cases, it will take longer than two years to develop these reserves.  Penn West plans to develop approximately one-half of the proved undeveloped reserves in the GLJ Report over the next two years and the significant majority of the proved undeveloped reserves over the next five years.  There are a number of factors that could result in delayed or cancelled development, including the following: (i) changing economic conditions (due to pricing, operating and capital expenditure fluctuations); (ii) changing technical conditions (including production anomalies, such as water breakthrough or accelerated depletion); (iii) multi-zone developments (for instance, a prospective formation completion may be delayed until the initial completion is no longer economic); (iv) a larger development program may need to be spread out over several years to optimize capital allocation and facility utilization; and (v) surface access issues (including those relating to land owners, weather conditions and regulatory approvals).  For more information, see “Risk Factors”.

 

Proved Undeveloped Reserves

 

The following table discloses, for each product type, the gross volumes of proved undeveloped reserves that were first attributed, net of conversions and revisions, in each of the most recent three financial years and, in the aggregate, before that time.

 

 

 

Light and Medium Oil
(Mbbl)

 

Heavy Oil
(Mbbl)

 

Natural Gas
(MMcf)

 

NGLs
(Mbbl)

 

Year

 

First
Attributed

 

Cumulative
at Year End

 

First
Attributed

 

Cumulative
at Year End

 

First
Attributed

 

Cumulative
at Year End

 

First
Attributed

 

Cumulative
at Year End

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Prior thereto

 

12,682

 

12,682

 

195

 

195

 

19,064

 

19,064

 

529

 

529

 

2005

 

3,420

 

16,102

 

 

195

 

2,122

 

21,186

 

117

 

646

 

2006

 

13,081

 

29,183

 

210

 

405

 

5,632

 

26,818

 

160

 

806

 

2007

 

5,313

 

34,496

 

636

 

1,041

 

11,665

 

38,483

 

294

 

1,100

 

 

GLJ has assigned 43 MMboe of proven undeveloped reserves in the GLJ Report under forecast prices and costs, together with $450.9 million of associated undiscounted future capital expenditures.  Proven undeveloped capital spending in the first two forecast years of the GLJ Report accounts for $233.1 million, or 52 percent, of the total forecast.  These figures increase to $392.8 million or 87 percent, during the first five years of the GLJ Report.  The majority of Penn West’s proven undeveloped reserves evaluated in the GLJ Report are attributable to future oil development from CO2 injection, infill drilling, water injection and miscible fluid injection enhanced oil recovery (“EOR”) projects.

 

The Pembina Cardium pool is currently developed primarily on 80 acre well spacing units.  Penn West believes that much of the pool could be economically developed on 40 acre spacing units or through horizontal drilling.  Some of the reserves associated with these additional locations have been included in the GLJ Report as proven undeveloped reserves.

 

Penn West holds interests in CO2 injection EOR properties in SE Saskatchewan and Central Alberta, a hydrocarbon injection EOR property in the Swan Hills area, operates a CO2 injection EOR project on the Joffre Viking Tertiary Oil Unit and a hydrocarbon injection EOR project in the South Swan Hills Unit.  Development of future miscible and CO2 injection EOR reserves is scheduled over several years in order to maximize the use of existing infrastructure and available injectants.

 

For further information, see “Risk Factors – Resource Plays – Enhanced Oil Recovery”.

 

9



 

Probable Undeveloped Reserves

 

The following table discloses, for each product type, the gross volumes of probable undeveloped reserves that were first attributed, net of conversions and revisions, in each of the most recent three financial years and, in the aggregate, before that time.

 

 

 

Light and Medium Oil
(Mbbl)

 

Heavy Oil
(Mbbl)

 

Natural Gas
(MMcf)

 

NGLs
(Mbbl)

 

Year

 

First
Attributed

 

Cumulative
at Year End

 

First
Attributed

 

Cumulative
at Year End

 

First
Attributed

 

Cumulative
at Year End

 

First
Attributed

 

Cumulative
at Year End

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Prior thereto

 

1,022

 

1,022

 

4

 

4

 

1,607

 

1,607

 

53

 

53

 

2005

 

7,324

 

8,346

 

548

 

552

 

8,220

 

9,827

 

551

 

604

 

2006

 

10,524

 

18,870

 

151

 

703

 

4,896

 

14,723

 

975

 

1,579

 

2007

 

5,290

 

24,160

 

729

 

1,432

 

10,896

 

25,619

 

257

 

1,836

 

 

GLJ has assigned 32 MMboe of probable undeveloped reserves, which are primarily associated with proved undeveloped reserve assignments but have a less likely probability of being recovered than such associated proved undeveloped reserve assignments.

 

Significant Factors or Uncertainties

 

The development schedule of Penn West’s undeveloped reserves is based on forecast price assumptions for the determination of economic projects.  The actual prices that occur may be significantly lower or higher resulting in some projects being delayed or accelerated, as the case may be.  See “Risk Factors – Volatility of Oil and Natural Gas Prices”.

 

Penn West does not anticipate that any significant economic factors or other significant uncertainties will affect any particular components of its reserves data.  However, Penn West’s reserves can be affected significantly by fluctuations in product pricing, capital expenditures, operating costs, royalty regimes and well performance that are beyond our control.

 

Additional Information Concerning Abandonment and Reclamation Costs

 

Overall costs are based on well bore abandonment and reclamation costs and liability issues such as flare pit remediation, and facility decommissioning, remediation, and reclamation costs.  These costs were estimated using Penn West’s experience conducting annual abandonment and reclamation programs over the past several years.

 

Penn West reviews suspended or standing well bores for reactivation, recompletion or sale and conducts systematic abandonment programs for those well bores that do not meet our criteria.  A portion of Penn West’s liability issues are retired every year and facilities are decommissioned when all the wells producing to them have been abandoned.  All of Penn West’s liability reduction programs take into account seasonal access, high priority and stakeholder issues, and opportunities for multi-location programs to reduce costs.

 

Penn West’s total inventory is estimated at 15,319 net well bores and 1,267 facilities as of December 31, 2007.  Penn West expects to incur abandonment and reclamation costs in respect to all of these wells, facilities and other properties associated with these operations.

 

The total amount of abandonment and reclamation costs, net of estimated salvage values, that Penn West expects to incur, including wells that extend beyond the 50-year limit in the GLJ Report, are summarized in the following table:

 

Period

 

Abandonment and Reclamation
Costs Escalated at 2%
Undiscounted (MM$)

 

Abandonment and Reclamation
Costs Escalated at 2%
Discounted at 10% (MM$)

 

Total liability as at December 31, 2007

 

1,873

 

209

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Anticipated to be paid in 2008

 

40

 

36

 

Anticipated to be paid in 2009

 

42

 

35

 

Anticipated to be paid in 2010

 

44

 

33

 

 

10



 

The above table includes certain abandonment and reclamation costs, net of salvage values, not included in the GLJ Report and not deducted in estimating future net revenue as disclosed earlier in this Annual Information Form.  Escalated at two percent and undiscounted, the costs not deducted were $1,399 million, and escalated at two percent and discounted at 10 percent, these costs were $156 million.

 

OTHER OIL AND GAS INFORMATION

 

Our portfolio of properties as at December 31, 2007 includes both unitized and non-unitized oil and natural gas production.  In general, the properties contain long-life, low-decline rate reserves and include interests in several major oil and gas fields.

 

Principal Properties

 

The following is a description of our principal oil and natural gas properties as at December 31, 2007.  Reserve amounts are stated at December 31, 2007, based on forecast cost and price assumptions as evaluated in the GLJ Report prepared by GLJ.  Information in respect of gross and net acres and well counts is as at December 31, 2007, and information in respect of production is for the year ended December 31, 2007 except where indicated otherwise.  Due to the fact that we have been active at acquiring additional interests in our principal properties, the working interest share and interest in gross and net acres and wells as at December 31, 2007 may not directly correspond to the stated production for the year, which only includes production since the date the interests were acquired by us.  The estimates of reserves and future net revenue for individual properties may not reflect the same confidence level as estimates of reserves and future net revenue for all properties, due to the application of statistical methods of aggregating individual properties.

 

All of the properties described below are located in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin and within the Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan or Manitoba.  The properties represent 100 percent of the total net proved plus probable reserves as assigned by GLJ in the GLJ Report.  There are no material properties to which reserves have been attributed which are capable of producing but which are not producing.

 

Major Operating Regions

 

The following table shows Penn West’s reported average daily production and proved plus probable reserves, as at December 31, 2007, by major core region:

 

 

 

Average Daily Production

 

Proved Plus Probable Gross Reserves

 

 

 

 

 

Crude Oil
and NGLs

(bbl/d)

 

Natural Gas 
(MMcf/d)

 

Total
(boe/d)

 

Crude Oil
and NGLs

(MMbbl)

 

Natural
Gas
 (Bcf)

 

Total
(MMboe)

 

Undeveloped
Land
(000 net acres)

 

Central

 

36,709

 

137

 

59,435

 

187.4

 

379.9

 

250.7

 

1,253

 

Plains

 

35,195

 

89

 

50,048

 

133.9

 

259.3

 

177.2

 

964

 

Northern

 

1,820

 

106

 

19,509

 

10.5

 

261.5

 

54.1

 

1,008

 

Total

 

73,724

 

332

 

128,992

 

331.9

 

900.7

 

482.0

 

3,225

 

 

 

57% of
daily
production

 

43 % of
daily
production

 

 

 

69 % of
total
reserves

 

31 % of
total
reserves

 

 

 

 

 

 

Oil and Natural Gas Properties

 

Penn West’s production and reserves are attributed to more than 200 producing properties.  No single property accounts for more than 10 percent of Penn West’s reserves.  A general discussion of our operations and activities in each of our core areas follows.

 

Northern Area

 

The Northern Area currently provides approximately 32 percent of Penn West’s natural gas production and two percent of its liquids production, based on 2007 exit rate production.  Geographically, the area encompasses the land base north of Township 90 in Alberta and extends into the Peace River Arch and Northeastern regions of British Columbia.  Approximately 39 percent of the Northern Area’s gas is produced from the Wildboy field in Northeast British Columbia.  Gas

 

11



 

is produced from two primary zones in Wildboy: the Mississippian at a depth of approximately 600 metres, and the Jean Marie at approximately 1,300 metres.  Penn West has net undeveloped land holdings of approximately 1,008,000 acres in the Northern Area.

 

The exploration and development of the 100 percent owned Wildboy field followed a Penn West discovery in 1995.  Since then, development of the field has continued through the drilling of horizontal and vertical wells, the addition of field booster compression, gas processing plant expansion and the construction of a sales gas line into Alberta to accommodate the increased volumes.  Raw throughput of the facility averaged 42 MMcf/d for 2007.

 

Penn West drilled four wells in the Northern Area in 2007, with 2008 plans focusing on improving field compression and wellbore optimization.  In Wildboy, Penn West acquired 74,000 acres of Crown land prospective for shale gas underlying our Wildboy infrastructure. In 2008, Penn West will begin evaluating the acreage with three dimensional seismic and drilling a stratigraphic test well.  The Peace River Arch area currently provides approximately three percent of Penn West’s total production.  In 2007, Penn West drilled four wells in the Buick Creek area.  Plans for 2008 are focused on wellbore optimization at Firebird, Spirit River and Cecil Lake, with plans to drill locations for natural gas in the Halfway and Montney formations.  Penn West currently holds approximately 76,000 net acres of undeveloped land in the Peace River Arch area.

 

Central Area

 

The Central Area currently provides approximately 41 percent of Penn West’s natural gas production and 50 percent of its liquids production based on 2007 exit rate production.  The region contains large, long-life pools of Cardium light oil, oil sands deposits in the Peace River Oil Sands area and shallow to medium-depth, multi-zone natural gas pools.  This region is both an established producing area and an area of significant potential reserves and production growth.  Penn West’s long-life, low decline rate Cardium oil reserves in the Central Area provide a stable source of premium quality light oil.  Cardium oil receives a price very close to the Edmonton par price.  Penn West holds approximately 1,253,000 net acres of undeveloped land in the Central Area.

 

The Central Area is also a significant natural gas producing area, with production of 137 MMcf/d at year-end 2007.  The natural gas prospects in the area tend to be multi-zone and relatively liquids rich.  Penn West’s control of several natural gas processing facilities throughout the area allows Penn West to gain economies of scale in the surrounding natural gas operations.  One of our principal facilities in the Central Area is the Minnehik-Buck Lake natural gas processing facility in which Penn West controls a majority interest.  The facility has the capacity to process over 120 MMcf/d of natural gas including the capability to process sour natural gas.

 

Central – Peace River Oil Sands

 

Since 2002, Penn West has grown its land base to approximately 300,000 net acres of 100 percent owned oil sands leases in the Peace River oil sands area.  As of the end of 2007, we have drilled 81 horizontal wells and 36 stratigraphic wells in the focus areas of Seal Main, Seal North and Cadotte.  In 2006, Penn West acquired a 35 percent working interest in a 13,500 bbl/d facility and a 15 percent working interest in a 55,000 bbl/d pipeline.  In 2008, 24 stratigraphic wells and 20 to 25 net horizontal wells are planned, with capital programs of approximately $55 million, excluding acquisitions.

 

Central – Pembina

 

Pembina produces high-netback, long-life, low-decline light oil and liquids-rich natural gas.  Approximately 1,222 operated producing wellbores account for 12,100 bbl/d of operated production or nine percent of our 2007 production.  Our share of current Pembina area production is approximately 16,350 boe/d including operated and non-operated volumes.

 

The group of properties is centred on the extensive, long-life Cardium oil pool.  The pool is in the secondary recovery (water flood) phase and is continuously being optimized.  Our EOR team is currently expanding the Cardium CO2 pilot to include a new pattern incorporating horizontal producing wells.  The pilot expansion should be completed and operational during the second quarter of 2008.

 

The Pembina team’s overall focus is on low-risk drilling and low-cost optimization opportunities that are aimed at adding value to the Trust’s Unitholders and reinvesting capital for Penn West’s long-term resource plays.  Costs are kept down to

 

12



 

increase netbacks by exploiting Penn West’s large network of operated infrastructure, which includes an extensive network of gas plants, numerous oil batteries and thousands of kilometres of oil and gas gathering lines.

 

The Pembina Cardium pool is relatively lightly-drilled with many opportunities for conventional exploration and development of shallow through deep targets.  Pembina has an array of multizone potential throughout the area, including the Edmonton Sands, Belly River, Cardium, Glauconite, Ellerslie, Rock Creek, Pekisko, Banff and some deep Nisku.

 

Penn West drilled 14 gross wells in 2007, with plans for a 2008 drilling program of 16 wells.  This drilling program is a mix of shallow Edmonton gas wells, low-risk Cardium infill wells, development wells and medium depth gas wells.  As in 2007, Penn West continues to strive to improve efficiency of operations to maximize oil and gas recovery through the use of geological and reservoir studies and enhanced recovery methods.

 

Central - Willesden Green

 

Located south of Pembina, Willesden Green is an area of long-life and low-decline light oil and liquids-rich natural gas from multiple zones.  Penn West has a strategic advantage in the area by having operational control over key infrastructure.

 

Willesden Green is an active development area.  The 12 development and exploitation wells planned in 2008 (up from six wells in 2007) are intended to offset natural production declines.  We retain deep mineral rights throughout the area, enhancing longer-term exploration potential for Penn West or drilling partners.

 

The production from the Willesden Green area has remained relatively constant through oil and gas well drilling and optimization of the area’s wells and infrastructure.  In addition, the area has one of our highest netbacks due to its mix of light oil, liquids rich natural gas, low royalty rates and relatively low net operating costs.  Penn West controls the area’s oil and natural gas gathering infrastructure that is centred on our 100 percent-owned Willesden Green gas plant. In 2006, Penn West de-bottlenecked its gas gathering and gas processing infrastructure, increasing the plant’s capacity to process additional Penn West and third-party volumes.

 

In 2007, six infill wells were drilled focusing on the 100 percent working interest Cardium oil and Belly River natural gas pools.  For 2008, we plan to drill 12 wells focusing on low risk Cardium infill drilling, liquids rich Manville gas wells and shallow Edmonton gas wells.

 

Central – Swan Hills

 

Penn West holds a majority interest in the South Swan Hills Unit, as well as other interests in the area.  South Swan Hills is a light oil pool where a combination of water and miscible hydrocarbon injection is used to increase recovery factors.

 

The South Swan Hills Unit is also the site of two pilot projects: the Mannville horizontal coal bed methane (“CBM”) project, which is currently beginning production operations and the Swan Hills CO2 pilot, which is currently under construction.

 

The CBM pilot has been on production for approximately six months.  The pilot wells are currently in the dewatering phase and are performing as expected.  Based on industry production experience at the offsetting successful Corbett Creek CBM property, the dewatering process could take between six and 12 months for the initial pilot wells, shortening as development takes place and the coals are de-pressured.  Pending the success of the pilot project, full-scale CBM development could take place over the next four years.

 

The planned CO2 pilot in South Swan Hills will target portions of the Swan Hills reef complex that have only been partially miscible flooded in the past.  The pilot, which consists of two “five spot” patterns, is under construction and will be operational during the second quarter of 2008.  This pilot will also help in the evaluation of the potential of using CO2 flooding in the East Swan Hills Unit, which has not undergone any miscible flooding to date, but is geologically similar to the CO2 pilot area.

 

13



 

Plains Area

 

The Plains Area is a shallow depth all season access region with multi-zone potential that supplies 27 percent of Penn West’s natural gas production and 48 percent of the liquids based on 2007 exit rate production.  In 2007, Penn West drilled 112 net wells in this area.  Target zones include the Bakken, Mannville and Viking.  Extensive 2D and 3D seismic is used to select drilling locations.  Penn West owns and operates an extensive infrastructure of gas plants, batteries and pipelines in the Plains Area.  In 2008, Penn West plans to drill 155 net wells and holds approximately 964,000 net acres of undeveloped land in the area.

 

Plains – Wainright

 

Key characteristics of the Wainright property group include: extensive developed and undeveloped lands, high working interests, low-decline heavy oil and Viking natural gas production, and widespread infrastructure.  These advantages allow Penn West to continually optimize operations while adding new production at low risk and cost throughout the area.

 

In 2007, investment of $8.7 million funded 125 separate optimization projects.  Development drilling added 685 boe/d in new volumes and the optimization projects added 800 boe/d.  Complemented by properties at Sugden, Consort, and Ribstone acquired with the Petrofund Acquisition, the Wainwright group of properties generated overall volumes of 17,300 boe/d or approximately 13.5 percent of our 2007 exit production.

 

Plains – Hoosier – Coleville

 

Hoosier and Coleville consist of more than 29 producing properties and form one of Penn West’s most active development areas.  These assets, mainly operated by Penn West, include approximately 2,757 producing wellbores, a high average working interest, extensive Penn West infrastructure and a combined 943,000 acres of lands, of which 348,000 net acres are undeveloped.

 

Hoosier’s primary commodity is cold-pumped conventional heavy oil.  The main geological targets are the seismically defined Bakken formation, the Mannville Group and the extensive Viking formation, all at depths shallower than 850 metres.  Penn West drilled 49 wells throughout Hoosier in 2007, including 35 vertical wells, five horizontal wells and nine natural gas wells.  In the Coleville Bakken pool, Penn West initiated a program during 2007 to replace all of the aging pipeline infrastructure.  This program will reduce our exposure to environmental liability by reducing the frequency of pipeline breaks and capturing otherwise vented solution gas.  Also, the improved infrastructure will allow us to further optimize the waterflood scheme by targeting water injection to specific areas of the reservoir.

 

In 2008, Penn West has budgeted $38 million to drill 47 vertical wells and six horizontal wells in Hoosier.  The main focus will be oil development driven by the scope of medium-term opportunities rather than short-term price volatility.

 

Plains – South and Other Area

 

The Plains South Area is a proven producing region with long-life medium and light oil reserves from a variety of stratigraphic zones producing a total of approximately 8,500 bbl/d.  These properties stretch from the Rocky Mountains to western Manitoba and 200 kilometres north from the US border.  This large geographic region includes many opportunities for development and optimization.

 

Penn West acquired a 21.1 percent interest in the Weyburn Unit located in Southeast Saskatchewan in the Petrofund Acquisition.  Weyburn is Canada’s largest commercial CO2 enhanced oil recovery project, producing approximately 26,500 bbl/d (approximately 5,650 bbl/d net to Penn West) at December 31, 2007, sourcing CO2 for injection from a coal gasification plant in North Dakota.  Our share of capital costs was $51 million in 2007 decreasing to approximately $46 million in 2008.  The application of CO2 miscible flooding increased the recovery factor from 31 percent under a secondary waterflood scheme to 48 percent under the CO2 enhanced recovery scheme.  With the Petrofund Acquisition, we also increased our working interest in the Midale Unit to approximately 8.7 percent where CO2 flooding will occur using the same CO2 source as Weyburn.

 

14



 

Additional Information

 

None of Penn West’s important properties, plants, facilities or installations are subject to any material statutory or other mandatory relinquishments, surrenders, back-ins or changes in ownership.

 

For a discussion of properties to which reserves have been attributed and which are capable of producing but which are not producing, see “Additional Information Relating to Reserves Data – Undeveloped Reserves” above.

 

Oil And Gas Wells

 

The following table sets forth the number and status of wells in which we had a working interest as at December 31, 2007.

 

 

 

Producing

 

Non-Producing

 

Total

 

 

 

Oil

 

Gas

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gross

 

Net

 

Gross

 

Net

 

Gross

 

Net

 

Gross

 

Net

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Alberta

 

7,649

 

4,132

 

4,301

 

2,262

 

5,432

 

3,016

 

17,382

 

9,410

 

British Columbia

 

92

 

24

 

630

 

318

 

270

 

129

 

992

 

471

 

Saskatchewan

 

4,956

 

3,360

 

665

 

547

 

2,244

 

1,343

 

7,865

 

5,250

 

Manitoba

 

145

 

138

 

 

 

56

 

51

 

201

 

189

 

Total

 

12,842

 

7,654

 

5,596

 

3,127

 

8,002

 

4,539

 

26,440

 

15,320

 

 

Properties with no Attributed Reserves

 

The following table sets out the unproved properties in which we have an interest as at December 31, 2007.

 

 

 

Unproved Properties
(000s of Acres)

 

 

 

Gross

 

Net

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Alberta

 

2,555

 

2,148

 

British Columbia

 

514

 

421

 

Saskatchewan

 

551

 

517

 

Manitoba

 

140

 

139

 

Total

 

3,760

 

3,225

 

 

We currently have no material work commitments on these lands.  The primary lease or extension term on 598,114 net acres of unproved property will expire by December 31, 2008.  The right to explore, develop and exploit these leases will be surrendered unless we qualify them for continuation based on existing production, drilling or technical mapping.

 

Tax Horizon

 

Under currently enacted legislation, as a result of our tax structure, taxable income is transferred from our Operating Entities to the Trust and from the Trust to Unitholders.  This is primarily accomplished through the deduction by our Operating Entities of the royalties on underlying oil and gas properties and the deduction of interest on the Internal Notes.  The terms of the Trust Indenture require the Trust to distribute all of its taxable income, therefore, it is currently expected that no income tax liability will be incurred provided we maintain this organizational structure.  To the extent that taxable income is retained in our Operating Entities to fund capital expenditures or repay bank debt, it is possible that income taxes could be payable at some time in the future.

 

The legislation implementing the SIFT Tax received Royal assent on June 22, 2007 with the result that commencing January 1, 2011 taxes could be exigible in the Trust as certain distributions will no longer be a deduction in the calculation of its taxable income.  For more information on the SIFT Tax, see “Risk Factors – Federal Tax Changes”.

 

15



 

Capital Expenditures

 

The following table summarizes capital expenditures (net of incentives and net of certain proceeds) related to our activities for the year ended December 31, 2007.

 

 

 

2007
MM$

 

 

 

 

 

Property Acquisitions

 

 

 

Proved Properties

 

$

421.7

 

Unproved Properties

 

30.2

 

Exploration Costs(1)

 

102.0

 

Development Costs(2)

 

529.5

 

Corporate Costs

 

35.6

 

Capital Expenditures

 

$

1,119.0

 

Corporate Acquisitions

 

21.2

 

Total Expenditures

 

$

1,140.2

 

 


Notes:

 

(1)

Costs of land acquired, geological and geophysical capital expenditures and drilling costs for 2007 exploration wells drilled.

(2)

Includes equipping and facilities capital expenditures.

 

Exploration and Development Activities

 

The following table sets forth the gross and net exploratory and development wells that we participated in during the year ended December 31, 2007.

 

 

 

Exploratory Wells

 

Development Wells

 

 

 

Gross

 

Net

 

Gross

 

Net

 

Oil

 

21

 

19

 

159

 

89

 

Natural Gas

 

28

 

22

 

86

 

33

 

Service

 

17

 

17

 

22

 

13

 

Dry

 

4

 

3

 

4

 

3

 

Total

 

70

 

61

 

271

 

138

 

 

We estimate capital expenditures of approximately $910 million in 2008 to execute our capital programs. The primary components of our programs are described under the heading “Other Oil and Gas information – Oil and Natural Gas Properties”.

 

Production Estimates

 

The following table sets out the volume of our production estimated for the year ended December 31, 2008 which is reflected in the estimates of gross proved reserves and gross probable reserves disclosed in the tables contained under “Disclosure of Reserves Data” above.

 

 

 

Light and Medium
Oil

 

Heavy Oil

 

Natural Gas

 

Natural Gas
Liquids

 

Total

 

 

 

(bbl/d)

 

(bbl/d)

 

(Mcf/d)

 

(bbl/d)

 

(boe/d)

 

 

 

Gross

 

Net

 

Gross

 

Net

 

Gross

 

Net

 

Gross

 

Net

 

Gross

 

Net

 

Proved Producing

 

40,203

 

35,228

 

20,786

 

17,990

 

279,199

 

221,772

 

5,593

 

3,862

 

113,114

 

94,042

 

Proved Developed Non-Producing

 

812

 

719

 

442

 

353

 

11,086

 

8,613

 

189

 

131

 

3,290

 

2,638

 

Proved Undeveloped

 

1,684

 

1,415

 

487

 

427

 

3,792

 

2,730

 

96

 

71

 

2,899

 

2,368

 

Total Proved

 

42,698

 

37,361

 

21,715

 

18,770

 

294,078

 

233,116

 

5,878

 

4,064

 

119,303

 

99,048

 

Total Probable

 

1,672

 

1,337

 

1,376

 

1,119

 

15,250

 

11,446

 

209

 

146

 

5,800

 

4,510

 

Total Proved Plus Probable

 

44,371

 

38,698

 

23,091

 

19,890

 

309,328

 

244,562

 

6,087

 

4,210

 

125,103

 

103,558

 

 

16



 

No property accounts for more than nine percent of the estimated production disclosed above.  For more information, see “Other Oil and Gas Information – Principal Properties”.

 

Production History

 

The following tables summarize certain information in respect of our production, product prices received, royalties paid, production costs and resulting netback for the periods indicated below:

 

 

 

Quarter Ended 2007

 

Year Ended

 

 

 

Mar. 31

 

June 30

 

Sept. 30

 

Dec. 31

 

Dec. 31, 2007

 

Average Daily Production(1)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Light and Medium Crude Oil (bbl/d)

 

42,737

 

44,078

 

45,046

 

45,338

 

44,310

 

Heavy Oil (bbl/d)

 

22,610

 

21,288

 

21,922

 

22,262

 

22,019

 

Gas (MMcf/d)

 

340.4

 

334.1

 

315.4

 

328.1

 

329.4

 

NGLs (bbl/d)

 

6,369

 

5,558

 

5,815

 

5,732

 

5,866

 

Combined (boe/d)

 

128,447

 

126,599

 

125,345

 

128,024

 

127,098

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Average Net Production Prices Received

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Light and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)

 

60.93

 

66.57

 

74.49

 

78.20

 

70.26

 

Heavy Oil ($/bbl)

 

41.03

 

42.45

 

48.75

 

48.69

 

45.26

 

Gas ($/Mcf)

 

7.59

 

7.55

 

5.86

 

6.34

 

6.85

 

NGLs ($/bbl)

 

49.81

 

54.71

 

58.10

 

67.38

 

57.37

 

Combined ($/boe)

 

50.08

 

52.63

 

52.73

 

55.44

 

52.73

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Royalties Paid

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Light and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)

 

9.78

 

10.37

 

11.46

 

12.07

 

10.95

 

Heavy Oil ($/bbl)

 

6.27

 

6.38

 

7.32

 

7.18

 

6.79

 

Gas ($/Mcf)

 

1.67

 

1.64

 

1.25

 

1.34

 

1.48

 

NGLs ($/bbl)

 

17.24

 

18.57

 

19.49

 

22.51

 

19.41

 

Combined ($/boe)

 

9.63

 

9.82

 

9.46

 

9.97

 

9.72

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Production Costs (2)(3)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Light and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)

 

15.37

 

15.55

 

15.41

 

15.73

 

15.52

 

Heavy Oil ($/bbl)

 

12.09

 

12.15

 

12.17

 

12.32

 

12.18

 

Gas ($/Mcf)

 

1.04

 

1.10

 

1.15

 

1.17

 

1.12

 

NGLs ($/bbl)

 

13.63

 

13.14

 

13.49

 

14.15

 

13.61

 

Combined ($/boe)

 

10.70

 

10.94

 

11.18

 

11.35

 

11.04

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Transportation

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Light and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Heavy Oil ($/bbl)

 

0.08

 

0.03

 

0.12

 

0.06

 

0.07

 

Gas ($/Mcf)

 

0.20

 

0.20

 

0.18

 

0.21

 

0.20

 

NGLs ($/bbl)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Combined ($/boe)

 

0.53

 

0.52

 

0.47

 

0.56

 

0.52

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(Gain)/Loss on Risk Management Contracts

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Light and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)

 

(0.41

)

 

0.27

 

4.36

 

1.10

 

Heavy Oil ($/bbl)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gas ($/Mcf)

 

(0.06

)

(0.01

)

(0.43

)

(0.20

)

(0.17

)

NGLs ($/bbl)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Combined ($/boe)

 

(0.29

)

(0.03

)

(0.98

)

1.02

 

(0.06

)

 

17



 

 

 

Quarter Ended 2007

 

Year Ended

 

 

 

Mar. 31

 

June 30

 

Sept. 30

 

Dec. 31

 

Dec. 31, 2007

 

Netback Received(4)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Light and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)

 

36.19

 

40.65

 

47.35

 

46.04

 

42.69

 

Heavy Oil ($/bbl)

 

22.59

 

23.89

 

29.14

 

29.13

 

26.22

 

Gas ($/Mcf)

 

4.74

 

4.62

 

3.71

 

3.82

 

4.22

 

NGLs ($/bbl)

 

18.94

 

23.00

 

25.12

 

30.72

 

24.35

 

Combined ($/boe)

 

29.51

 

31.38

 

32.60

 

32.54

 

31.51

 

 


Notes:

 

(1)                                  Before deduction of royalties.

(2)                                  Operating expenses are composed of direct costs incurred to operate both oil and gas wells.  A number of assumptions are required to allocate these costs between oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids production.

(3)                                  Operating recoveries associated with operated properties are charged to operating costs and accounted for as a reduction to general and administrative costs.

(4)                                  Netbacks are calculated by subtracting royalties, operating costs, transportation and losses/gains on commodity and foreign exchange contracts from revenues.

 

Marketing and Future Commitments

 

Our marketing approach incorporates the following primary objectives:

 

·                  Ensure security of market and avoid production shut-ins due to marketing constraints by dealing with end-users or regionally strategic counterparties wherever possible.

 

·                  Ensure protection of our receivables by dealing only with credit worthy counterparties who have been subjected to regular credit reviews.

 

·                  Ensure competitive pricing by managing pricing exposures through a portfolio of various terms and geographic basis.

 

·                  Ensure optimization of netbacks through careful management of transportation obligations, facility utilization levels, blending opportunities and emulsion handling.

 

Natural Gas Marketing

 

In 2007, Penn West received an average price from the sale of natural gas, including hedging gains, of $7.02/Mcf compared to $7.47/Mcf realized in 2006.  Approximately 87 percent of our natural gas sales are marketed directly with the balance of natural gas sales marketed in aggregator pools.  We continue to maintain a significant weighting to the Alberta market as this market offers a premium netback relative to most other indices.  In addition to maximizing netbacks, the current portfolio approach also enhances our operational flexibility to pursue higher netback opportunities as they become available.

 

We continue to conservatively manage our transportation costs.  Transportation on all pipelines is closely balanced to supply, and market commitments related to export transportation represented less than two percent of sales.

 

Oil and Liquids Marketing

 

The average quality of our crude oil production is 28 degrees API. Approximately 62 percent of our liquids production can be attributed to light and medium oil, with an average API of 36 degrees. Conventional heavy oil, at 15 degrees average API, comprises approximately 30 percent of total liquids production.  Production of NGLs account for approximately eight percent of total liquids production.

 

We market our production at the lease level on varying term contracts that capture premiums on postings for the majority of corporate sales and actively manage our heavy oil supply by finding opportunities to optimize netbacks through blending,

 

18



 

trucking and proprietary handling of emulsion. Blending costs are also controlled through the use of proprietary condensate supply.

 

The following table summarizes the net product price received for our production of conventional light and medium oil and conventional heavy oil for the periods indicated:

 

 

 

2007

 

2006

 

 

 

Light and
Medium Oil

 

Heavy Oil

 

Light and
Medium Oil

 

Heavy Oil

 

Quarter ended

 

($/bbl)

 

($/bbl)

 

($/bbl)

 

($/bbl)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

March 31

 

60.93

 

41.03

 

63.42

 

30.76

 

June 30

 

66.57

 

42.45

 

73.20

 

52.85

 

September 30

 

74.49

 

48.75

 

72.27

 

52.20

 

December 31

 

78.20

 

48.69

 

58.51

 

37.57

 

 

Forward Contracts

 

Our Board of Directors approved a policy that enables us to hedge up to 50 percent of our liquids and natural gas price exposure (net of royalties) for a maximum of two years and up to 75 percent for a maximum of one year.  As at December 31, 2007, Penn West was not bound by any agreement (including a transportation agreement), directly or through an aggregator, under which it may be precluded from fully realizing, or may be protected from the full effect of, future market prices for oil or natural gas, except for the following financial hedging positions that were outstanding as at December 31, 2007:

 

 

 

Notional Volume

 

Remaining Term

 

Pricing

 

Market Value(1)
(MM$ )

 

Crude Oil Collars

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

WTI Collars

 

10,000 bbl/d

 

Jan/08 – Jun/08

 

US$ 60.00 to 94.55/bbl

 

$

(9.2

)

WTI Collars

 

20,000 bbl/d

 

Jan/08 – Dec/08

 

US$ 67.50 to 79.18/bbl

 

(109.8

)

WTI Collars

 

10,000 bbl/d

 

Jul/08 – Dec/08

 

US$ 67.00 to 79.23/bbl

 

(24.9

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Natural Gas Collars

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

AECO Collars

 

10,000 GJ/d

 

Jan/08 – Mar/08

 

$7.50 to $11.15/GJ

 

1.1

 

AECO Collars

 

50,000 GJ/d

 

Jan/08 – Oct/08

 

$6.00 to $7.15/GJ

 

(0.7

)

AECO Collars

 

50,000 GJ/d

 

Apr/08 – Oct/08

 

$6.06 to $6.60/GJ

 

(2.0

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Electricity Swaps

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Alberta Power Pool

 

32 MW

 

2008

 

$75.02/MWh

 

 

Alberta Power Pool

 

30 MW

 

2009

 

$76.23/MWh

 

0.1

 

Alberta Power Pool

 

30 MW

 

2010

 

$76.23/MWh

 

(0.7

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest Rate Swaps

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

$100.0 million

 

Jan/08 – Mar/08

 

4.356%

 

0.3

 

 

 

$100.0 million

 

Jan/08 – Nov/10

 

4.264%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Foreign Exchange Forwards

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

8-year term

 

US$80.0 million

 

2015

 

1.00934 CAD/USD

 

(0.6

)

10-year term

 

US$80.0 million

 

2017

 

1.00165 CAD/USD

 

(0.6

)

12-year term

 

US$70.0 million

 

2019

 

0.99125 CAD/USD

 

(0.2

)

15-year term

 

US$20.0 million

 

2022

 

0.98740 CAD/USD

 

(0.4

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

$

(147.6

)

 


Note:

 

(1)                                  Unrealized gain (loss) based on calculations using posted rates for similar contracts on December 31, 2007.

 

Our transportation obligations and commitments for future physical deliveries of crude oil and natural gas do not exceed our expected related future production from our proved reserves, estimated using forecast prices and costs.

 

19



 

Future Commitments

 

We have committed to certain payments over the next five years, in addition to regular payments under our credit facilities, as follows:

 

($ millions)

 

2008

 

2009

 

2010

 

2011

 

2012

 

Thereafter

 

Long-term debt

 

 

 

1,485.4

 

 

 

457.8

 

Transportation

 

13.9

 

5.8

 

2.2

 

0.1

 

 

 

Transportation ($US)

 

2.3

 

2.3

 

2.3

 

2.3

 

2.3

 

6.4

 

Power Infrastructure

 

6.2

 

4.2

 

4.2

 

4.2

 

4.2

 

7.6

 

Drilling Rigs

 

7.7

 

2.4

 

1.2

 

 

 

 

Purchase Obligations(1)

 

13.3

 

13.3

 

13.3

 

13.3

 

13.2

 

41.1

 

Office Lease

 

19.4

 

19.6

 

17.3

 

16.5

 

16.2

 

104.3

 

 


Note:

(1)                                 These amounts represent estimated commitments of $84.4 million for CO2 purchases and $23.1 million for processing fees related to interests in the Weyburn unit.

 

20



 

APPENDIX B-1

 

REPORT OF MANAGEMENT AND DIRECTORS ON RESERVES DATA AND OTHER INFORMATION

 

(Form 51-101F3)

 

Management of Penn West Petroleum Ltd. (“PWPL”) on behalf of Canetic Resources Trust (“Canetic”) is responsible for the preparation and disclosure of information with respect to Canetic’s oil and gas activities in accordance with securities regulatory requirements. This information includes reserves data which are estimates of proved reserves and probable reserves and related future net revenue as at December 31, 2007, estimated using forecast prices and costs.

 

An independent qualified reserves evaluator has evaluated Canetic’s reserves data. The report of the independent qualified reserves evaluator is presented below.

 

The Reserves Committee of the Board of Directors of PWPL has:

 

(b)                                 reviewed Canetic’s procedures for providing information to the independent qualified reserves evaluator;

 

(b)                                 met with the independent qualified reserves evaluator to determine whether any restrictions affected the ability of the independent qualified reserves evaluator to report without reservation; and

 

(c)                                  reviewed the reserves data with management and the independent qualified reserves evaluator.

 

The Reserves Committee of the Board of Directors of PWPL has reviewed Canetic’s procedures for assembling and reporting other information associated with oil and gas activities and has reviewed that information with management. The Board of Directors has, on the recommendation of the Reserves Committee, approved:

 

(a)                                  the content and filing with securities regulatory authorities of Form 51-101F1 containing reserves data and other oil and gas information;

 

(b)                                 the filing of Form 51-101F2 which is the report of the independent qualified reserves evaluator on the reserves data; and

 

(c)                                  the content and filing of this report.

 

Because the reserves data are based on judgments regarding future events, actual results will vary and the variations may be material.  However, any variations should be consistent with the fact that reserves are categorized according to the probability of their recovery.

 

 

(signed) William E. Andrew

 

(signed) Murray R. Nunns

Chief Executive Officer

 

President and Chief Operating Officer

 

 

 

(signed) Daryl Gilbert

 

(signed) Thomas E. Phillips

Director and Chairman of the Reserves Committee

 

Director and Member of the Reserves Committee

 

 

 

March 26, 2008

 

 

 



 

APPENDIX B-2

 

SPROULE REPORT ON RESERVES DATA

 

(Form 51-101 F2)

 

To the Board of Directors of Penn West Petroleum Ltd. (“PWPL”) on behalf of Canetic Resources Trust (“Canetic”):

 

1.                                       We have evaluated Canetic’s reserves data as at December 31, 2007.  The reserves data are estimates of proved reserves and probable reserves and related future net revenue as at December 31, 2007, estimated using forecast prices and costs.

 

2.                                       The reserves data are the responsibility of PWPL’s management.  Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the reserves data based on our evaluation.

 

We carried out our evaluation in accordance with standards set out in the Canadian Oil and Gas Evaluation Handbook (the “COGE Handbook”) prepared jointly by the Society of Petroleum Evaluation Engineers (Calgary Chapter) and the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy & Petroleum (Petroleum Society).

 

3.                                       Those standards require that we plan and perform an evaluation to obtain reasonable assurance as to whether the reserves data are free of material misstatement.  An evaluation also includes assessing whether the reserves data are in accordance with principles and definitions presented in the COGE Handbook.

 

4.                                       The following table sets forth the estimated future net revenue (before deduction of income taxes) attributed to proved plus probable reserves, estimated using forecast prices and costs and calculated using a discount rate of 10 percent, included in the reserves data of Canetic evaluated by us for the year ended December 31, 2007, and identifies the respective portions thereof that we have evaluated and reported on to PWPL’s Board of Directors:

 

Independent Qualified
Reserves Evaluator or

 

Description and
Preparation Date
of Evaluation 

 

Location of

 

Net Present Value of Future Net Revenue
(millions before income taxes, 10% discount rate)

 

Auditor

 

Report

 

Reserves

 

Audited

 

Evaluated

 

Reviewed

 

Total

 

Sproule Associates Limited

 

March 3, 2008

 

Canada

 

nil

 

$

4,362

 

nil

 

$

4,362

 

 

5.                                       In our opinion, the reserves data respectively evaluated by us have, in all material respects, been determined and are in accordance with the COGE Handbook.  We express no opinion on the reserves data that we reviewed but did not audit or evaluate.

 

6.                                       We have no responsibility to update our reports referred to in paragraph 4 for events and circumstances occurring after their respective preparation dates.

 

7.                                       Because the reserves data are based on judgements regarding future events, actual results will vary and the variations may be material.  However, any variations should be consistent with the fact that reserves are categorized according to the probability of their recovery.

 

Executed as to our report referred to above:

 

(signed) Sproule Associates Limited
Calgary, Alberta

 

March 3, 2008

 



 

APPENDIX B-3

 

STATEMENT OF RESERVES DATA – CANETIC RESOURCES TRUST

 

Canetic’s statement of reserves data and other oil and gas information is set forth below (the “Statement”).  The effective date of the Statement is December 31, 2007 and the preparation date of the Statement is March 26, 2008.  The Report of Management and Directors on Oil and Gas Disclosure on Form 51-101F3 and the Report on Reserves Data by Sproule on Form 51-101F2 are attached as Appendices B-1 and B-2 to this Annual Information Form.

 

Disclosure of Reserves Data

 

The reserves data set forth below is based upon an evaluation prepared by Sproule with an effective date of December 31, 2007 contained in the Sproule Canetic Report dated March 3, 2008.  The reserves data summarizes Canetic’s oil, natural gas liquids and natural gas reserves and the net present values of future net revenue from these reserves using forecast prices and costs, not including the impact of any hedging activities.  The reserves data conforms with the requirements of NI 51-101.  We engaged Sproule to provide an evaluation of proved and proved plus probable reserves.  See also “Notes to Reserve Data Tables” below.

 

The Sproule Canetic Report does not take into account the new Alberta royalty regime released on October 25, 2007 titled “The New Royalty Framework”, which is scheduled to take effect on January 1, 2009, because sufficient details are not yet available for it to be taken into account.  See “Risk Factors – New Alberta Royalty Regime”.

 

The majority of Canetic’s reserves are located in Canada and, specifically, in the provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan and Manitoba.  Canetic also has minor interests in the United States.

 

It should not be assumed that the estimates of future net revenues presented in the tables below represent the fair market value of the reserves.  There is no assurance that the forecast prices and costs assumptions will be attained and variances could be material.  The recovery and reserves estimates of crude oil, natural gas liquids and natural gas reserves provided herein are estimates only and there is no guarantee that the estimated reserves will be recovered.  Actual crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquid reserves may be greater than or less than the estimates provided herein.  For more information as to the risks involved, see “Risk Factors – Reserve and Resource Estimates” and “Risk Factors – Volatility of Oil and Natural Gas Prices”.

 

Reserves Data (Forecast Prices and Costs)

 

The reserves information presented does not report the US reserves separately.  The US properties have proved plus probable gross reserves of approximately 6,151 Mboe, or 2.5 percent of Canetic’s total reserves, and have a before tax net present value discounted at 10 percent of approximately $76.9 million, or 1.8 percent of the total value of Canetic’s reserves.

 

SUMMARY OF OIL AND GAS RESERVES
as of December 31, 2007
FORECAST PRICES AND COSTS

 

 

 

RESERVES

 

 

 

LIGHT AND MEDIUM OIL

 

HEAVY OIL

 

RESERVES CATEGORY

 

Gross
(Mbbl)

 

Net
(Mbbl)

 

Gross
(Mbbl)

 

Net
(Mbbl)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PROVED

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Developed Producing

 

75,945

 

68,518

 

14,195

 

12,908

 

Developed Non-Producing

 

834

 

744

 

463

 

395

 

Undeveloped

 

3,543

 

3,213

 

484

 

429

 

TOTAL PROVED

 

80,322

 

72,475

 

15,142

 

13,732

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PROBABLE

 

30,459

 

27,192

 

4,220

 

3,783

 

TOTAL PROVED PLUS PROBABLE

 

110,781

 

99,666

 

19,362

 

17,515

 

 



 

 

 

RESERVES

 

 

 

NATURAL GAS

 

NATURAL GAS LIQUIDS

 

RESERVES CATEGORY

 

Gross
(MMcf)

 

Net
(MMcf)

 

Gross
(Mbbl)

 

Net
(Mbbl)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PROVED

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Developed Producing

 

360,249

 

283,443

 

10,994

 

7,767

 

Developed Non-Producing

 

22,813

 

17,301

 

385

 

281

 

Undeveloped

 

20,162

 

15,516

 

259

 

172

 

TOTAL PROVED

 

403,224

 

316,260

 

11,638

 

8,221

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PROBABLE

 

194,709

 

153,250

 

4,785

 

3,386

 

TOTAL PROVED PLUS PROBABLE

 

597,932

 

469,510

 

16,423

 

11,606

 

 

 

 

RESERVES

 

 

 

TOTAL OIL EQUIVALENT

 

RESERVES CATEGORY

 

Gross
(Mboe)

 

Net
(Mboe)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PROVED

 

 

 

 

 

Developed Producing

 

161,176

 

136,434

 

Developed Non-Producing

 

5,484

 

4,303

 

Undeveloped

 

7,646

 

6,399

 

TOTAL PROVED

 

174,306

 

147,137

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PROBABLE

 

71,915

 

59,902

 

TOTAL PROVED PLUS PROBABLE

 

246,221

 

207,039

 

 

NET PRESENT VALUES OF FUTURE NET REVENUE
BEFORE INCOME TAXES DISCOUNTED AT (%/year)

FORECAST PRICES AND COSTS(1)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Unit Value Before Income
Tax Discounted at 10%/year(2)

 

RESERVES CATEGORY

 

0%
(MM$)

 

5%
(MM$)

 

10%
(MM$)

 

15%
(MM$)

 

20%
(MM$)

 

($/bbl)

 

($/Mcf)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PROVED

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Developed Producing

 

5,429

 

4,023

 

3,266

 

2,789

 

2,457

 

23.94

 

3.99

 

Developed Non-Producing

 

123

 

98

 

82

 

70

 

61

 

19.05

 

3.18

 

Undeveloped

 

169

 

130

 

101

 

79

 

62

 

15.73

 

2.62

 

TOTAL PROVED

 

5,721

 

4,251

 

3,449

 

2,938

 

2,579

 

23.44

 

3.91

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PROBABLE

 

2,502

 

1,380

 

913

 

666

 

516

 

15.23

 

2.54

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TOTAL PROVED PLUS PROBABLE

 

8,223

 

5,631

 

4,362

 

3,604

 

3,095

 

21.07

 

3.51

 

 


Notes:

 

(1)                                 Management of PWPL has estimated that the impact of Alberta’s Proposed Royalty Regime, in the form currently proposed, is to decrease the net present values of future net revenue before income taxes by approximately 2 percent to 3 percent using a 10 percent discount rate and using the Sproule forecast prices set forth in this Annual Information Form.

(2)                                 The unit values are based on net reserve volumes.

 

2



 

NET PRESENT VALUES OF FUTURE NET REVENUE
AFTER INCOME TAXES DISCOUNTED AT (%/year)

FORECAST PRICES AND COSTS

 

RESERVES CATEGORY

 

0%
(MM$)

 

5%
(MM$)

 

10%
(MM$)

 

15%
(MM$)

 

20%
(MM$)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PROVED

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Developed Producing

 

5,133

 

3,886

 

3,194

 

2,747

 

2,431

 

Developed Non-Producing

 

106

 

87

 

74

 

64

 

57

 

Undeveloped

 

159

 

122

 

95

 

74

 

58

 

TOTAL PROVED

 

5,398

 

4,095

 

3,363

 

2,886

 

2,546

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PROBABLE

 

1,960

 

1,105

 

746

 

555

 

437

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TOTAL PROVED PLUS PROBABLE

 

7,357

 

5,200

 

4,109

 

3,441

 

2,983

 

 

TOTAL FUTURE NET REVENUE
(UNDISCOUNTED)
as of December 31, 2007
FORECAST PRICES AND COSTS

 

RESERVES
CATEGORY

 

REVENUE
(MM$)

 

ROYALTIES
(MM$)

 

OPERATING
COSTS
(MM$)

 

DEVELOPMENT
COSTS
(MM$)

 

ABANDONMENT
AND
RECLAMATION
COSTS
(MM$)

 

FUTURE
NET
REVENUE
BEFORE
INCOME
TAXES
(MM$)

 

INCOME
TAXES
(MM$)

 

FUTURE
NET
REVENUE
AFTER
INCOME
TAXES
(MM$)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Proved Reserves

 

11,455

 

1,708

 

3,495

 

160

 

371

 

5,721

 

323

 

5,398

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Proved Plus Probable Reserves

 

16,557

 

2,501

 

5,112

 

292

 

428

 

8,223

 

866

 

7,357

 

 

FUTURE NET REVENUE
BY PRODUCTION GROUP
as of December 31, 2007
FORECAST PRICES AND COSTS

 

 

 

 

 

FUTURE NET
REVENUE BEFORE
INCOME TAXES
(discounted at
10%/year)

 

UNIT VALUE(3)

RESERVES CATEGORY

 

PRODUCTION GROUP

 

(MM$)

 

($/bbl)

 

($/Mcf)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Proved Reserves

 

Light and Medium Crude Oil (1)

 

2,282

 

26.40

 

4.40

 

 

Heavy Oil(1)

 

269

 

18.90

 

3.15

 

 

Natural Gas(2)

 

865

 

19.70

 

3.28

 

 

Non-Conventional Oil and Gas Activities (CBM)

 

34

 

12.90

 

2.15

 

 

TOTAL

 

3,450

 

23.40

 

3.90

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Proved Plus Probable Reserves

 

Light and Medium Crude Oil(1)

 

2,832

 

23.80

 

3.97

 

 

Heavy Oil(1)

 

322

 

17.80

 

2.97

 

 

Natural Gas(2)

 

1,140

 

17.90

 

2.98

 

 

Non-Conventional Oil and Gas Activities (CBM)

 

68

 

10.40

 

1.73

 

 

TOTAL

 

4,362

 

21.10

 

3.52

 


Notes:

 

(1)                                  Including solution gas and other by-products.

 

3



 

(2)                                  Including by-products but excluding solution gas and by-products from oil wells.

(3)                                  The unit values are based on net reserve volumes.

 

Notes to Reserves Data Tables

 

1.                                       Columns may not add due to rounding.

 

2.                                       The crude oil, natural gas liquids and natural gas reserves estimates presented in the Sproule Canetic Report are based on the definitions and guidelines contained in the Canadian Oil and Gas Evaluation Handbook (“COGE Handbook”).  A summary of those definitions are set forth below:

 

Reserves Categories

 

Reserves are estimated remaining quantities of oil and natural gas and related substances anticipated to be recoverable from known accumulations, as of a given date, based on:

 

(a)                                  analysis of drilling, geological, geophysical and engineering data;

 

(b)                                 the use of established technology; and

 

(c)                                  specified economic conditions, which are generally accepted as being reasonable.

 

Reserves are classified according to the degree of certainty associated with the estimates.

 

(a)                                 Proved reserves are those reserves that can be estimated with a high degree of certainty to be recoverable. It is likely that the actual remaining quantities recovered will exceed the estimated proved reserves.

 

(b)                                Probable reserves are those additional reserves that are less certain to be recovered than proved reserves. It is equally likely that the actual remaining quantities recovered will be greater or less than the sum of the estimated proved plus probable reserves.

 

Other criteria that must also be met for the classification of reserves are provided in the COGE Handbook.

 

Development and Production Status

 

Each of the reserves categories (proved and probable) may be divided into developed and undeveloped categories.

 

(a)                                  Developed reserves are those reserves that are expected to be recovered from existing wells and installed facilities or, if facilities have not been installed, that would involve a low expenditure (for example, when compared to the cost of drilling a well) to put the reserves on production. The developed category may be subdivided into producing and non-producing.

 

(i)                                   Developed producing reserves are those reserves that are expected to be recovered from completion intervals open at the time of the estimate. These reserves may be currently producing or, if shut-in, they must have previously been on production, and the date of resumption of production must be known with reasonable certainty.

 

(ii)                                Developed non-producing reserves are those reserves that either have not been on production, or have previously been on production, but are shut-in, and the date of resumption of production is unknown.

 

(b)                                 Undeveloped reserves are those reserves expected to be recovered from known accumulations where a significant expenditure (for example, when compared to the cost of drilling a well) is required to render them capable of production. They must fully meet the requirements of the reserves category (proved, probable) to which they are assigned.

 

4



 

In multi-well pools, it may be appropriate to allocate total pool reserves between the developed and undeveloped categories or to subdivide the developed reserves for the pool between developed producing and developed non-producing. This allocation should be based on the estimator’s assessment as to the reserves that will be recovered from specific wells, facilities and completion intervals in the pool and their respective development and production status.

 

Levels of Certainty for Reported Reserves

 

The qualitative certainty levels referred to in the definitions above are applicable to individual reserve entities (which refers to the lowest level at which reserves calculations are performed) and to reported reserves (which refers to the highest level sum of individual entity estimates for which reserves estimates are presented). Reported reserves should target the following levels of certainty under a specific set of economic conditions:

 

(a)                                  at least a 90 percent probability that the quantities actually recovered will equal or exceed the estimated proved reserves; and

 

(b)                                 at least a 50 percent probability that the quantities actually recovered will equal or exceed the sum of the estimated proved plus probable reserves.

 

A qualitative measure of the certainty levels pertaining to estimates prepared for the various reserves categories is desirable to provide a clearer understanding of the associated risks and uncertainties. However, the majority of reserves estimates are prepared using deterministic methods that do not provide a mathematically derived quantitative measure of probability. In principle, there should be no difference between estimates prepared using probabilistic or deterministic methods.

 

Additional clarification of certainty levels associated with reserves estimates and the effect of aggregation is provided in the COGE Handbook.

 

3.                                       Forecast prices and costs

 

NI 51-101 defines “forecast prices and costs” as future prices and costs that are: (i) generally acceptable as being a reasonable outlook of the future; and (ii) if, and only to the extent that, there are fixed or presently determinable future prices or costs to which we are legally bound by a contractual or other obligation to supply a physical product, including those for an extension period of a contract that is likely to be extended, those prices or costs rather than the prices and costs referred to in subparagraph (i).

 

The forecast cost and price assumptions include increases in wellhead selling prices and take into account inflation with respect to future operating and capital costs.  Crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids benchmark reference pricing, as at December 31, 2007, inflation and exchange rates utilized in the Sproule Canetic Report were as follows:

 

5



 

SUMMARY OF PRICING AND INFLATION RATE ASSUMPTIONS
as of December 31, 2007
FORECAST PRICES AND COSTS

 

 

 

OIL

 

 

 

EDMONTON LIQUIDS PRICES

 

 

 

 

 

Year

 

WTI
Cushing
Oklahoma
($US/bbl)

 

Edmonton
Par Price
40ºAPI
($Cdn/bbl)

 

Hardisty
Heavy
12ºAPI
($Cdn/bbl)

 

Cromer
Medium
29.3ºAPI
($Cdn/bbl)

 

NATURAL
GAS
AECO
($Cdn/Mcf)

 

Propane
($Cdn/bbl)

 

Butane
($Cdn/bbl)

 

Pentanes
Plus
($Cdn/bbl)

 

INFLATION
RATES(1)
%/year

 

EXCHANGE
RATE(2)
($US equals
$ 1 Cdn)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Forecast

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2008

 

90.81

 

89.63

 

54.34

 

77.54

 

6.63

 

55.30

 

69.30

 

91.61

 

 

1.000

 

2009

 

87.00

 

85.82

 

52.01

 

74.24

 

7.38

 

52.94

 

66.35

 

87.71

 

2.0

 

1.000

 

2010

 

84.33

 

83.13

 

50.38

 

71.91

 

7.65

 

51.25

 

64.23

 

84.97

 

2.0

 

1.000

 

2011

 

82.39

 

81.18

 

49.18

 

70.22

 

7.65

 

50.05

 

62.72

 

82.97

 

2.0

 

1.000

 

2012

 

82.13

 

80.92

 

49.02

 

69.99

 

7.60

 

49.89

 

62.53

 

82.70

 

2.0

 

1.000

 

2013

 

82.40

 

81.18

 

49.71

 

70.22

 

7.69

 

50.05

 

62.72

 

82.97

 

2.0

 

1.000

 

2014

 

83.23

 

81.99

 

50.74

 

70.92

 

7.88

 

50.53

 

63.33

 

83.80

 

2.0

 

1.000

 

2015

 

84.08

 

82.82

 

51.78

 

71.63

 

8.05

 

51.02

 

63.95

 

84.66

 

2.0

 

1.000

 

2016

 

84.94

 

83.68

 

52.84

 

72.37

 

8.23

 

51.53

 

64.59

 

85.53

 

2.0

 

1.000

 

2017

 

86.65

 

85.37

 

53.92

 

73.83

 

8.41

 

52.57

 

65.89

 

87.26

 

2.0

 

1.000

 

2018

 

88.38

 

87.08

 

55.00

 

75.31

 

8.58

 

53.62

 

67.21

 

89.00

 

2.0

 

1.000

 

Thereafter

 

+2

%

+2

%

+2

%

+2

%

+2

%

+2

%

+2

%

+2

%

2.0

 

1.000

 

 


Notes:

 

(1)                                  Inflation rates for forecasting prices and costs.

(2)                                  Exchange rates used to generate the benchmark reference prices in this table.

 

Weighted average actual prices realized, including hedging activities, for the year ended December 31, 2007 were $7.39/Mcf for natural gas, $65.33/bbl for light and medium crude oil, $46.43/bbl for heavy oil and $49.34/bbl for natural gas liquids.

 

4.                                       Future Development Costs

 

The following table sets forth development costs deducted in the estimation of Canetic’s future net revenue attributable to the reserve categories noted below.

 

 

 

 

Forecast Prices and Costs

 

Year

 

Proved Reserves
(MM$)

 

Proved Plus Probable
Reserves (MM$)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2008

 

89

 

135

 

2009

 

48

 

119

 

2010

 

9

 

16

 

2011

 

5

 

8

 

2012

 

5

 

5

 

Total: Undiscounted for all years

 

160

 

292

 

 

Penn West currently expects to fund the development costs of the reserves through internally generated funds flow withheld from distributions.

 

6



 

There can be no guarantee that funds will be available or that we will allocate funding to develop all of the reserves attributed in the Sproule Canetic Report.  Failure to develop those reserves would have a negative impact on future production and funds flow and could result in negative revisions to Canetic’s reserves.

 

The interest and other costs of any external funding are not included in the reserves and future net revenue estimates and would reduce reserves and future net revenue to some degree depending upon the funding sources utilized.  We do not currently anticipate that interest or other funding costs would make development of any property uneconomic.

 

5.                                       Estimated future well abandonment costs related to reserve wells have been taken into account by Sproule in determining the aggregate future net revenue therefrom.

 

6.                                       The forecast price and cost assumptions assumed the continuance of current laws and regulations.

 

7.                                       All factual data supplied to Sproule was accepted as represented. No field inspection was conducted.

 

8.                                       The estimates of future net revenue presented in the tables above do not represent fair market value.

 

Additional Information Relating to Reserves Data

 

Undeveloped Reserves

 

Undeveloped reserves are attributed by Sproule in accordance with standards and procedures contained in the COGE Handbook.  Proved undeveloped reserves are those reserves that can be estimated with a high degree of certainty and are expected to be recovered from known accumulations where a significant expenditure is required to render them capable of production.  Probable undeveloped reserves are those reserves that are less certain to be recovered than proved reserves and are expected to be recovered from known accumulations where a significant expenditure is required to render them capable of production.

 

In some cases, it will take longer than two years to develop these reserves.  Penn West plans to develop approximately one-half of the proved undeveloped reserves in the Sproule Canetic Report over the next two years and the significant majority of the proved undeveloped reserves over the next five years.  There are a number of factors that could result in delayed or cancelled development, including the following: (i) changing economic conditions (due to pricing, operating and capital expenditure fluctuations); (ii) changing technical conditions (including production anomalies, such as water breakthrough or accelerated depletion); (iii) multi-zone developments (for instance, a prospective formation completion may be delayed until the initial completion is no longer economic); (iv) a larger development program may need to be spread out over several years to optimize capital allocation and facility utilization; and (v) surface access issues (including those relating to land owners, weather conditions and regulatory approvals).  For more information, see “Risk Factors”.

 

Proved Undeveloped Reserves

 

The following table discloses, for each product type, the gross volumes of proved undeveloped reserves that were first attributed, net of conversions and revisions, in each of the most recent three financial years and, in the aggregate, before that time.

 

 

 

Light and Medium Oil
(Mbbl)

 

Heavy Oil
(Mbbl)

 

Natural Gas
(MMcf)

 

NGLs
(Mbbl)

 

Year

 

First
Attributed

 

Cumulative
at Year End

 

First
Attributed

 

Cumulative
at Year End

 

First
Attributed

 

Cumulative
at Year End

 

First
Attributed

 

Cumulative at
Year End

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Prior thereto

 

1,293

 

1,293

 

 

 

4,060

 

4,060

 

48

 

48

 

2005

 

6,924

 

8,217

 

346

 

346

 

13,694

 

17,754

 

257

 

304

 

2006

 

3,440

 

11,657

 

1,181

 

1,527

 

45,857

 

63,611

 

613

 

917

 

2007

 

 

3,543

 

 

484

 

 

20,162

 

 

259

 

 

Sproule has assigned 7.7 MMboe of proven undeveloped reserves in the Sproule Canetic Report under forecast prices and costs, together with $109.2 million of associated undiscounted future capital expenditures.  Proven undeveloped capital

 

7



 

spending in the first two forecast years of the Sproule Canetic Report accounts for $105.6 million, or 97 percent, of the total forecast.  These figures increase to $108.4 million or 99 percent, during the first five years of the Sproule Canetic Report.

 

Probable Undeveloped Reserves

 

The following table discloses, for each product type, the gross volumes of probable undeveloped reserves that were first attributed, net of conversions and revisions, in each of the most recent three financial years and, in the aggregate, before that time.

 

 

 

Light and Medium Oil
(Mbbl)

 

Heavy Oil
(Mbbl)

 

Natural Gas
(MMcf)

 

NGLs
(Mbbl)

 

Year

 

First
Attributed

 

Cumulative
at Year End

 

First
Attributed

 

Cumulative
at Year End

 

First
Attributed

 

Cumulative
at Year End

 

First
Attributed

 

Cumulative at
Year End

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Prior thereto

 

1,127

 

1,127

 

 

 

2,918

 

2,918

 

32

 

32

 

2005

 

3,254

 

4,381

 

96

 

96

 

5,005

 

7,923

 

97

 

128

 

2006

 

476

 

4,857

 

446

 

542

 

30,981

 

38,904

 

282

 

410

 

2007

 

 

1,344

 

 

135

 

 

9,736

 

 

106

 

 

Sproule has assigned three MMboe of probable undeveloped reserves, which are primarily associated with proved undeveloped reserve assignments but have a less likely probability of being recovered than such associated proved undeveloped reserve assignments.

 

Significant Factors or Uncertainties

 

The development schedule of Canetic’s undeveloped reserves is based on forecast price assumptions for the determination of economic projects.  The actual prices that occur may be significantly lower or higher resulting in some projects being delayed or accelerated, as the case may be.  See “Risk Factors – Volatility of Oil and Natural Gas Prices”.

 

Penn West does not anticipate that any significant economic factors or other significant uncertainties will affect any particular components of Canetic’s reserves data.  However, Canetic’s reserves can be affected significantly by fluctuations in product pricing, capital expenditures, operating costs, royalty regimes and well performance that are beyond our control.

 

Additional Information Concerning Abandonment and Reclamation Costs

 

Overall costs are based on well bore abandonment and reclamation costs and liability issues such as flare pit remediation, and facility decommissioning, remediation, and reclamation costs.  These costs were estimated using Penn West’s experience conducting annual abandonment and reclamation programs over the past several years.

 

Penn West reviews suspended or standing well bores for reactivation, recompletion or sale and conducts systematic abandonment programs for those well bores that do not meet our criteria.  A portion of Penn West’s liability issues are retired every year and facilities are decommissioned when all the wells producing to them have been abandoned.  All of Penn West’s liability reduction programs take into account seasonal access, high priority and stakeholder issues, and opportunities for multi-location programs to reduce costs.

 

Canetic’s total inventory is estimated at 5,660 net well bores and 561 facilities as of December 31, 2007.  Penn West expects to incur abandonment and reclamation costs in respect to all of these wells, facilities and other properties associated with these operations.

 

The total amount of abandonment and reclamation costs, net of estimated salvage values, that Penn West expects to incur, including wells that extend beyond the 50-year limit in the Sproule Canetic Report, are summarized in the following table:

 

8



 

Period

 

Abandonment and Reclamation
Costs Escalated at 2%
Undiscounted (MM$ )

 

Abandonment and Reclamation
Costs Escalated at 2%
Discounted at 10% (MM$ )

 

Total liability as at December 31, 2007

 

777

 

87

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Anticipated to be paid in 2008

 

20

 

18

 

Anticipated to be paid in 2009

 

21

 

17

 

Anticipated to be paid in 2010

 

22

 

17

 

 

The above table includes certain abandonment and reclamation costs, net of salvage values, not included in the Sproule Canetic Report and not deducted in estimating future net revenue as disclosed earlier in this Annual Information Form.  Escalated at two percent and undiscounted, the costs not deducted were $347 million, and escalated at two percent and discounted at 10 percent, these costs were $39 million.

 

OTHER OIL AND GAS INFORMATION

 

Canetic’s portfolio of properties as at December 31, 2007 includes both unitized and non-unitized oil and natural gas production.  In general, the properties contain long-life, low-decline rate reserves and include interests in several major oil and gas fields.

 

Principal Properties

 

The following is a description of Canetic’s principal oil and natural gas properties as at December 31, 2007.  Reserve amounts are stated at December 31, 2007, based on forecast cost and price assumptions as evaluated in the Sproule Canetic Report prepared by Sproule.  Information in respect of gross and net acres and well counts is as at December 31, 2007, and information in respect of production is for the year ended December 31, 2007 except where indicated otherwise.  Due to the fact that Canetic has been active at acquiring additional interests in its principal properties, the working interest share and interest in gross and net acres and wells as at December 31, 2007 may not directly correspond to the stated production for the year, which only includes production since the date the interests were acquired by Canetic.  The estimates of reserves and future net revenue for individual properties may not reflect the same confidence level as estimates of reserves and future net revenue for all properties, due to the application of statistical methods of aggregating individual properties.

 

All of the properties described below are located in Canada and, specifically, in the provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan and Manitoba.  Canetic has minor interests in the United States.

 

The properties represent 100 percent of the total net proved plus probable reserves as assigned by Sproule in the Sproule Canetic Report.  There are no material properties to which reserves have been attributed which are capable of producing but which are not producing.

 

Major Operating Regions

 

The following table shows Canetic’s reported average daily production and proved plus probable reserves, as at December 31, 2007, by major core region:

 

9



 

 

 

Average Daily Production

 

Proved Plus Probable Gross Reserves

 

 

 

 

 

Crude Oil
and NGLs
(bbl/d)

 

Natural Gas
(MMcf/d)

 

Total
(boe/d)

 

Crude Oil
and NGLs
(MMbbl)

 

Natural Gas
(Bcf)

 

Total
(MMboe)

 

Undeveloped
Land
(000 net acres)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Central

 

7,497

 

48.0

 

15,490

 

20.7

 

126.5

 

41.8

 

111

 

Northern

 

3,697

 

44.9

 

11,176

 

19.8

 

181.2

 

50.0

 

245

 

Rocky

 

5,000

 

67.3

 

16,224

 

19.7

 

173.3

 

48.6

 

127

 

Southern

 

12,593

 

25.9

 

16,905

 

42.6

 

85.6

 

56.9

 

179

 

Williston Basin

 

11,581

 

8.2

 

12,945

 

43.7

 

31.3

 

49.0

 

112

 

Total

 

40,368

 

194.3

 

72,740

 

146.5

 

597.9

 

246.3

 

774

 

% of daily production/total reserves

 

56

%

44

%

100

%

60

%

40

%

100

%

 

 

 

Oil and Natural Gas Properties

 

Canetic’s production and reserves are attributed to more than 250 producing properties.  No single property accounts for more than 10 percent of Canetic’s reserves.  A general discussion of Canetic’s operations and activities in each of Canetic’s core areas follows.

 

Williston Basin District

 

The Williston Basin district provides Canetic with 17 percent of its total production. Located primarily in southeast Saskatchewan, with minor properties in Manitoba, North Dakota, Montana and Wyoming, this area continues to be an active area providing high netback light oil from legacy assets.  A total of 55 (29.9 net) wells were drilled in 2007, including 37 (16.5 net) oil wells and 16 (13.3 net) CBM wells. Plans are to drill 17 wells in this area in 2008 targeting high netback, light oil.

 

Greater Queensdale, Saskatchewan

 

The Greater Queensdale assets are located in southeast Saskatchewan about 100-150 kilometres north and east of Estevan.  This area includes the Ingoldsby, Queensdale, Gainsborough, Cantal and Edenvale properties.

 

The main producing assets of this area include portions of the Queensdale Frobisher-Alida Pool, Alida West Frobisher-Alida Pool (Edenvale), Cantal Frobisher-Alida Pool, Nottingham South Frobisher-Alida Pool, and the Ingoldsby Frobisher Alida Pool.  The light oil (30-38°API) is produced from the Frobisher-Alida beds at 1,000 to 1,400 metres in depth.  Substantially all of the production in which Canetic has an interest is pipelined to company owned central facilities including oil, gas and water separation and treating equipment, crude oil pipeline connection, and salt water disposal facilities.  Canetic has a working interest in the NAL-operated Nottingham gas plant at 8-17-5-32 W1M and associated gas-gathering system where the majority of the area’s conserved solution gas is processed.

 

In 2007, Canetic drilled a successful seven (six net) horizontal well program focusing on the highly deliverable Alida formation on these legacy assets.  Plans are in place for a six well operated program in 2008.

 

North Dakota and Montana, USA

 

The properties located in eastern Montana and southwest North Dakota, USA are about 200 to 300 kilometres south of Estevan.  Canetic has working interests ranging from 19 percent to 100 percent.

 

The main producing assets in this area include portions of the Brush Mountain Ratcliffe Pool, Tracy Mountain Tyler Pool and Davis Creek Madison Pool.  The light oil (35-42° API) is produced from the Mississippian Madison and Pennsylvanian Tyler beds at 2,500 to 3,000 metres in depth.

 

Substantially all of the production in which Canetic has an interest is produced to single well batteries where oil, water and gas are separated; gas is consumed as well site fuel or flared.  Oil and water are trucked for sale and disposal respectively.

 

10



 

Wyoming, USA – Powder River Basin Coalbed Methane

 

The Wyoming properties are located in the Powder River Basin, north of Casper.  The properties are comprised of 11,298 net acres of undeveloped land with an average working interest of 50%.  During 2007, 16 (13.3 net) development Coalbed Methane (“CBM”) wells were drilled on these properties.  Assets at Big Bend, North Carson, Coal Gulch, and Kane target the Big George, Anderson, Canyon/Cook, Wall/Pawnee and Wyodak coals at depths ranging from 100 to 700 metres.

 

Southern District

 

The Southern District includes properties located in southern and eastern Alberta and in western to southwestern Saskatchewan.  Assets vary throughout this district ranging from medium to light crude oil in southern Alberta and southwest Saskatchewan to heavy oil properties in the Lloydminster area.  The area provides Canetic with 24 percent of its production and continues to be an active area for growth.  Highlights of the Southern District include light oil development on royalty free lands in southern Alberta and a royalty holiday on horizontal drilling in the Leitchville area of southwest Saskatchewan.  Canetic exited the year producing 18,000 boe/d in the Southern District.  A total of 58 (37.4 net) wells were drilled in 2007, including 43 (35.2 net) oil wells and 14 (1.2 net) gas wells.  One well was drilled and abandoned.

 

Countess, Alberta

 

The Countess properties are located in southern Alberta, approximately 130 kilometres southeast of Calgary.  The properties in this area have a working interest between 50 and 100 percent for the oil assets and 17.5 to 100 percent for the gas assets.

 

These assets are comprised of Mannville oil and shallow Medicine Hat/Milk River gas.  The gas wells are drilled at an average depth of 550 metres.  Canetic gas handling facilities at Countess are comprised of a compressor and processing facility and several booster compressors.  The compression facilities boost the gas to sales pipeline operating pressures.

 

The majority of the Countess oil production is obtained from the Rosemary Lower Mannville Z and RR oil pools and the Duchess Lower Mannville X and VVV oil pools, which are currently under active waterflood schemes.  The medium oil (26-33° API) is produced from Lower Mannville sandstones at 1,100 to 1,200 metres in depth.

 

Substantially all of the Countess oil production is pipelined to one of two 100 percent working interest central facilities located at Rosemary and Duchess.  The central facilities include oil, gas and water separation and treating equipment, a crude oil pipeline connection, salt water disposal facilities, and solution gas gathering facilities.  A small portion of the production is produced to single well batteries where oil and water are separated and trucked to various area facilities for processing and sale.

 

Leitchville, Southwest Saskatchewan

 

Located near Shaunavon, Saskatchewan approximately 450 kilometres southeast of Calgary, this area became a very active area for Canetic in 2007.  The emergence of the Lower Shaunavon play, unlocked by multi-stage horizontal fracture stimulation technology, triggered a flood of activity by Canetic which included the drilling of 10 (nine net) wells and actively acquiring undeveloped acreage in 2007.  The Lower Shaunavon is found at a depth of roughly 1,400 metres.  Horizontal sections average between 1,000 and 1,200 metres in length.  The medium quality (23 degree API) crude is produced into single well batteries.  Plans are in place to initiate facility development to limit the proliferation of single well batteries.  For 2008, Penn West plans to continue to acquire land and have an active drilling program.  A minimum of 18 wells are slated to be spud throughout the year.

 

Furness, Saskatchewan

 

The greater Furness area is located in western Saskatchewan in Townships 48 and 49, Ranges 26 through 28 W3M.  Furness was acquired late in 2003 by Canetic pursuant to the acquisition of Exodus Energy Ltd. and is primarily a heavy oil field.  The primary producing zone of interest is the Sparky Sand, with additional production provided from the McLaren and General Petroleum Formations.

 

11



 

Canetic has a 75 percent working interest in a central oil battery that is connected to a sales oil pipeline.  The battery is located at 14-08-048-27W3M and is capable of handling 1,600 bbl/d of oil.

 

In 2007, a successful seven well heavy oil program was drilled in the area which has led to additional follow up opportunities.  In 2008, Penn West plans to drill between 14 and 20 wells in the Furness area targeting these opportunities.

 

Central District

 

The Central district includes properties located in western and west-central Alberta. Major assets are found in properties located in Pembina, Corbett, Bigoray and Acheson.  Production for the area exited the year at 15,109 boe/d and accounted for roughly 20 percent of Canetic’s overall production.  The area is characterized by light oil and liquids-rich gas.  CBM development potential on 100 percent working interest lands in the Corbett area also lies in this district.  In 2007, a total of 52 (20.6 net) wells were drilled in the Central district including 26 (10.8 net) oil wells and 20 (8.7 net) gas wells.  Six (one net) service wells were drilled for disposal purposes.

 

Acheson, Alberta

 

The Acheson area is west of Edmonton and includes interests in the Acheson D-3a Unit, the Acheson Lower Cretaceous Unit No. 1, the Acheson North D-2 Pool Unit and non-unit production.  Canetic’s overall working interest in the area is 99.7 percent.

 

Gas is processed at the 100 percent working interest operated 5-2-53-26W4M Acheson gas plant, capable of processing 24 MMcf/d of gas.  The oil from the 100 percent owned Acheson field is processed at the unit battery and fluid handling facility located at the 5-2-53-26W4 site.

 

Acheson is a multi-zone area with production coming from the Leduc, Nisku, Detrital, Basal Quartz and Viking zones.  The Leduc Formation is characterized by the development of numerous isolated reef complexes and a broad carbonate shelf, all of which developed on the Cooking Lake platform and is responsible for the majority of Acheson’s current production.  The D-3a Pool started blow down in June 2003 by the controlled production of reservoir and injected hydrocarbons following the termination of an enhanced recovery scheme to increase the recovery of original oil reserves.

 

In 2007, this property continued to be an active part of Canetic’s budget with aggressive optimization projects targeting up-hole oil and gas recompletions, as well as an 11 (8.8 net) well program targeting light oil in the Detrital formation.  In 2008, a seven to 13 well drilling program is scheduled for early in the year.

 

Corbett Creek, Alberta

 

The Corbett Creek area is located approximately 125 kilometres northwest of the city of Edmonton.  Working interests vary from 40 to 100 percent in the Mannville CBM play that has developed in the area over the past few years.  Canetic has both operated and non-operated interests in this play and participated with one joint venture partner in 2007 in the drilling of nine wells (3.7 net).  Production is obtained by drilling single to multi-leg horizontals targeting a two to three-metre thick coal at approximately 975 metres total vertical depth.  Horizontal legs can be over 1,500 metres in length.

 

Rocky District

 

The Rocky district includes properties located in west central Alberta.  Production exited 2007 at over 16,000 boe/d, which accounts for roughly 21 percent of Canetic’s overall production.  The area is characterized by light oil properties in Willesden Green, Gilby and Innisfail, and by large gas reservoirs in the Hoadley/Ferrybank area.  In total, 37 (17 net) wells were drilled on these properties during 2007, including nine (1.8 net) oil wells and 28 (15.1 net) gas wells.

 

Willesden Green, Alberta

 

The Willesden Green area is located approximately 125 kilometres southwest of Edmonton.  The properties include unit and non-unit interests, with the majority of the production operated and with high working interests.  The unit interests consist of four producing oil units, with two large operated units and one wholly owned project area producing light oil (41° API) from

 

12



 

the Cardium formation.  Two other units (one operated) produce long-life light crude oil and natural gas from the Viking formation.  The properties have opportunities for infill drilling on 160-acre spacing units, opportunities to enhance water flood performance, and several stimulation candidates.  The non-unit interests produce light gravity crude oil from the Cardium formation and Mannville groups, and natural gas from the Scollard, Belly River, Cardium, Ellerslie, Ostracod, Rock Creek and Nordegg formations.  This is a multi-target area with shallow to moderate drill depths and a large concentrated land position with the majority of the lands operated.  There are also deeper Mannville drilling targets defined by seismic data, as well as many prospects in the shallower Belly River, Edmonton, Paskapoo and Scollard formations.  Canetic owns the facilities associated with the production, as well as a 21.7 percent interest in the Imperial Oil Ltd. Willesden Green natural gas plant.  Canetic also owns a 20 MMcf/d gas processing facility, with pipeline infrastructure that allows Canetic to process the majority of our production in this area in our owned gas plant.  This plant was constructed in late 2006 and early 2007, and was commissioned in February 2007.

 

In 2007, Canetic participated in a successful 11 (eight net) well drilling program in the area targeting natural gas in multi-zone horizons.

 

Hoadley/Ferrybank, Alberta

 

The Hoadley — Ferrybank area is located 90 kilometres southwest of Edmonton.  This property was purchased by Canetic in 2006 through the acquisition of interests in oil and natural gas reserves and associated facilities located in Alberta and British Columbia.  Production is entirely natural gas and associated liquids primarily from the Hoadley Barrier Bar complex in the Glauconite formation.  Other producing horizons include the Edmonton Sand, the Ellerslie, and Colony.  This property includes 204,000 net developed and undeveloped acres with an average working interest of approximately 67 percent, with 90 percent of the production operated by Canetic.  Canetic operates 37 compressors in the area and has ownership in nine others.  Gas is processed primarily through the Rimbey plant operated by Keyera Energy Ltd.  Canetic has a 41 percent ownership in the Encana Oil and Gas Partnership operated Ferrybank plant at 2-1-44-28 W4 that has a capacity of 35 mmcf/d.  Canetic has a 13.24 percent ownership in the Mikwan Plant operated by Vermillion Resources Ltd. that has a capacity of 9.5 mmcf/d.

 

In 2007, Canetic drilled a successful five (4.5 net) well program targeting glauconite gas.  In 2008, a six-well program is scheduled.

 

Northern District

 

The Northern district includes properties located in northwest Alberta and northeast British Columbia.  Exit volumes in 2007 totalled 12,500 boe/d of production, representing approximately 17 percent of Canetic’s total production.  This district is characterized by liquids-rich gas in the Pouce Coupe, Clarke Lake, Fort St. John and Buick prospect areas, and light oil properties in Pouce and Mitsue.  In total 30 (6.61 net) wells were drilled on these properties during 2007, including 10 (0.53 net) oil wells and 16 (4.72 net) gas wells.  Four (1.36 net) wells were dry and abandoned.

 

Pouce Coupe, Alberta

 

The Pouce Coupe properties are located approximately 80 kilometres northwest of Grande Prairie.  Canetic operates the Pouce Coupe South Boundary ‘B’ Unit No. 2 with a 62.8 percent working interest.  This high netback, light oil unit includes an oil battery and water injection facility, as well as amine, refrigeration and gas compression facilities.  Production within the unit is obtained from the Boundary Lake member of the Charlie Lake formation.  Canetic also holds a 20.793 percent working interest in the Pouce Coupe South Boundary B Unit operated by Enerplus Resources Corporation.  Non-unit production consists of wells with interests ranging from a gross overriding royalty to a 78.75 percent working interest.  Producing formations primarily include the Doig, Bluesky, Gething, Baldonnel, Halfway and Boundary Lake.

 

Fort St. John, British Columbia

 

The Fort St. John properties are primarily located in the Fort St. John area in northeast British Columbia.  The principal properties are within a 20 kilometre radius of Fort St. John.  Canetic has an average working interest of 55 percent.  Canetic also has 50 percent and 65 percent working interests, respectively, in two operated compressor stations and 38.44 percent and 27 percent working interests, respectively, in a further two non-operated compressor stations.  In September of 2006, Canetic

 

13



 

obtained additional production in this area through the Samson Acquisition.  Working interests average 57 percent in this new acreage and Canetic operates 79 percent of its production.  Major fields include Stoddart, Monias, Airport, and Wilder.  Producing horizons include Halfway, Doig, and Belloy.  Canetic obtained operatorship in 10 compressors through this transaction and has additional ownership in 7 more.  All gas is processed through Duke Midstream.

 

Fireweed/Buick Creek, British Columbia

 

The Fireweed/Buick Creek properties are located approximately 75 kilometres north and northwest of Fort St. John in northeast British Columbia.  Canetic obtained a large land position through the Samson Acquisition in September of 2006.  Canetic has an average working interest of 57 percent in the new properties and operates 91 percent of its production.  The majority of production comes from the Dunlevy Sand with minor production from the Doig, Halfway, Bluesky, and Baldonnel horizons.  Canetic operates nine compressors in the area and has additional ownership in five others.  All gas is processed through Duke Midstream.

 

Clarke Lake

 

The Clarke Lake properties are located approximately 50 kilometres south and east of Fort Nelson in northeast British Columbia.  Canetic has a small 100 percent working interest land position adjacent to the Clarke Lake Slave Point pool.  In 2007, Canetic drilled three (three net) wells targeting the Slave Point formation with a 66.7 percent success rate.  Production was tied in to Canetic’s facility.

 

Additional Information

 

None of Canetic’s important properties, plants, facilities or installations are subject to any material statutory or other mandatory relinquishments, surrenders, back-ins or changes in ownership.

 

For a discussion of properties to which reserves have been attributed and which are capable of producing but which are not producing, see “Additional Information Relating to Reserves Data – Undeveloped Reserves” above.

 

Oil And Gas Wells

 

The following table sets forth the number and status of wells in which Canetic had a working interest as at December 31, 2007.

 

 

 

Producing

 

Non-Producing

 

Total

 

 

 

Oil

 

Gas

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gross

 

Net

 

Gross

 

Net

 

Gross

 

Net

 

Gross

 

Net

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Alberta

 

3,154

 

1,170

 

2,103

 

1,164

 

1,718

 

587

 

6,975

 

2,921

 

British Columbia

 

69

 

25

 

273

 

150

 

77

 

24

 

419

 

199

 

Saskatchewan

 

3,151

 

1,846

 

332

 

58

 

875

 

245

 

4,358

 

2,149

 

Manitoba

 

544

 

192

 

 

 

162

 

57

 

706

 

249

 

United States

 

26

 

12

 

230

 

89

 

87

 

41

 

343

 

142

 

Total

 

6,944

 

3,245

 

2,938

 

1,461

 

2,919

 

954

 

12,801

 

5,660

 

 

Properties with no Attributed Reserves

 

The following table sets out the unproved properties in which Canetic had an interest as at December 31, 2007.

 

14



 

 

 

Unproved Properties
(000s of Acres)

 

 

 

Gross

 

Net

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Alberta

 

658

 

398

 

British Columbia

 

214

 

127

 

Saskatchewan

 

194

 

142

 

Manitoba

 

7

 

3

 

Wyoming

 

22

 

1

 

Montana

 

2

 

1

 

North Dakota

 

27

 

23

 

Total

 

1,124

 

695

 

 

We currently have no material work commitments on these lands. The primary lease or extension term on 169,406 net acres of unproved property will expire by December 31, 2008. The right to explore, develop and exploit these leases will be surrendered unless we qualify them for continuation based on existing production, drilling or technical mapping.

 

Capital Expenditures

 

The following table summarizes capital expenditures (net of incentives and net of certain proceeds) related to Canetic’s activities for the year ended December 31, 2007.

 

 

 

2007
MM$

 

 

 

 

 

Property Acquisitions

 

 

 

Proved Properties

 

$

81.6

 

Unproved Properties

 

31.3

 

Exploration Costs(1)

 

2.4

 

Development Costs(2)

 

417.7

 

Corporate Costs

 

8.1

 

Capital Expenditures

 

$

541.1

 

 


Notes:

 

(1)

Costs of land acquired, geological and geophysical capital expenditures and drilling costs for 2007 exploration wells drilled.

(2)

Includes equipping and facilities capital expenditures.

 

Exploration and Development Activities

 

The following table sets forth the gross and net exploratory and development wells that Canetic participated in during the year ended December 31, 2007.

 

 

 

Exploratory Wells

 

Development Wells

 

 

 

Gross

 

Net

 

Gross

 

Net

 

Oil

 

3

 

2

 

122

 

63

 

Natural Gas

 

11

 

6

 

87

 

38

 

Service

 

 

 

8

 

1

 

Dry

 

 

 

5

 

2

 

Total

 

14

 

8

 

222

 

104

 

 

Production Estimates

 

The following table sets out the volume of our production estimated for the year ended December 31, 2008 which is reflected in the estimates of gross proved reserves and gross probable reserves disclosed in the tables contained under “Disclosure of Reserves Data” above.

 

15



 

 

 

Light and
Medium Oil

 

Heavy Oil

 

Natural Gas

 

Natural Gas
Liquids

 

Total

 

 

 

(bbl/d)

 

(bbl/d)

 

(Mcf/d)

 

(bbl/d)

 

(Boe/d)

 

 

 

Gross

 

Gross

 

Gross

 

Gross

 

Gross

 

Proved Producing

 

26,683

 

4,988

 

172,236

 

5,128

 

65,503

 

Proved Developed Non-Producing

 

153

 

85

 

6,456

 

94

 

1,410

 

Proved Undeveloped

 

810

 

111

 

3,055

 

41

 

1,473

 

Total Proved

 

27,646

 

5,184

 

181,747

 

5,263

 

68,386

 

Total Probable

 

1,615

 

224

 

9,635

 

253

 

3,719

 

Total Proved Plus Probable

 

29,261

 

5,408

 

191,382

 

5,516

 

72,105

 

 

No property accounts for more than nine percent of the estimated production disclosed above. For more information, see “Other Oil and Gas Information – Principal Properties”.

 

Production History

 

The following tables summarize certain information in respect of Canetic’s production, product prices received, royalties paid, production costs and resulting netback for the periods indicated below:

 

 

 

Quarter Ended 2007

 

Year Ended

 

 

 

Mar. 31

 

June 30

 

Sept. 30

 

Dec. 31

 

Dec. 31, 2007

 

Average Daily Production(1)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Light and Medium Crude Oil (bbl/d)

 

28,843

 

27,989

 

26,349

 

29,869

 

28,260

 

Heavy Oil (bbl/d)

 

7,578

 

7,939

 

8,229

 

4,467

 

7,048

 

Gas (MMcf/d)

 

220.1

 

211.0

 

205.7

 

182.0

 

204.6

 

NGLs (bbl/d)

 

6,916

 

6,664

 

5,711

 

6,082

 

6,339

 

Combined (boe/d)

 

80,027

 

77,765

 

74,572

 

70,755

 

75,751

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Average Net Production Prices Received

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Light and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)

 

60.82

 

64.36

 

75.02

 

75.63

 

68.92

 

Heavy Oil ($/bbl)

 

43.93

 

44.00

 

48.63

 

50.96

 

46.43

 

Gas ($/Mcf)

 

7.65

 

7.72

 

5.33

 

6.40

 

6.81

 

NGLs ($/bbl)

 

43.12

 

46.85

 

50.60

 

57.95

 

49.34

 

Combined ($/boe)

 

50.85

 

52.62

 

50.45

 

56.59

 

52.55

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Royalties Paid

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Light and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)

 

9.89

 

9.86

 

13.11

 

13.44

 

11.57

 

Heavy Oil ($/bbl)

 

5.77

 

5.66

 

7.06

 

7.86

 

6.45

 

Gas ($/Mcf)

 

1.55

 

1.71

 

0.87

 

1.00

 

1.30

 

NGLs ($/bbl)

 

10.33

 

9.14

 

13.34

 

21.18

 

13.29

 

Combined ($/boe)

 

9.27

 

9.54

 

8.82

 

10.57

 

9.53

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Production Costs (2)(3)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Light and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)

 

11.91

 

13.64

 

15.12

 

16.85

 

14.39

 

Heavy Oil ($/bbl)

 

15.72

 

10.74

 

12.98

 

15.18

 

14.43

 

Gas ($/Mcf)

 

1.37

 

1.58

 

1.34

 

1.99

 

1.56

 

NGLs ($/bbl)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Combined ($/boe)

 

9.55

 

10.29

 

10.48

 

13.19

 

10.83

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Transportation

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Light and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)

 

0.39

 

0.24

 

0.31

 

0.27

 

0.30

 

Heavy Oil ($/bbl)

 

0.36

 

0.21

 

0.29

 

0.31

 

0.29

 

Gas ($/Mcf)

 

0.29

 

0.20

 

0.25

 

0.27

 

0.25

 

NGLs ($/bbl)

 

0.34

 

0.24

 

0.28

 

0.30

 

0.29

 

Combined ($/boe)

 

0.99

 

0.67

 

0.86

 

0.86

 

0.85

 

 

16



 

 

 

Quarter Ended 2007

 

Year Ended

 

 

 

Mar. 31

 

June 30

 

Sept. 30

 

Dec. 31

 

Dec. 31, 2007

 

(Gain)/Loss on Risk Management Contracts

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Light and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)

 

0.28

 

1.53

 

3.96

 

8.78

 

3.59

 

Heavy Oil ($/bbl)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gas ($/Mcf)

 

(0.23

)

(0.29

)

(1.31

)

(0.51

)

(0.58

)

NGLs ($/bbl)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Combined ($/boe)

 

(0.52

)

(0.08

)

(1.77

)

2.96

 

0.10

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Netback Received(4)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Light and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)

 

38.35

 

39.09

 

42.52

 

36.29

 

39.07

 

Heavy Oil ($/bbl)

 

22.08

 

27.39

 

28.30

 

27.61

 

26.26

 

Gas ($/Mcf)

 

4.67

 

4.52

 

4.18

 

3.65

 

4.28

 

NGLs ($/bbl)

 

32.45

 

37.47

 

36.98

 

36.47

 

35.76

 

Combined ($/boe)

 

31.56

 

32.20

 

32.06

 

29.01

 

31.24

 

 


Notes:

 

(1)                                  Before deduction of royalties.

(2)                                  Operating expenses are composed of direct costs incurred to operate both oil and gas wells. A number of assumptions are required to allocate these costs between oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids production.

(3)                                  Operating recoveries associated with operated properties are charged to operating costs and accounted for as a reduction to general and administrative costs.

(4)                                  Netbacks are calculated by subtracting royalties, operating costs, transportation and losses/gains on commodity and foreign exchange contracts from revenues.

 

Marketing and Future Commitments

 

Natural Gas Marketing

 

In 2007, Canetic received an average price from the sale of natural gas, including hedging gains, of $7.39/Mcf compared to $7.62/Mcf realized in 2006.

 

Oil and Liquids Marketing

 

The average quality of Canetic’s crude oil production is 31(o) API. Approximately 68 percent of Canetic’s liquids production can be attributed to light and medium oil, with an average API of 35(o). Conventional heavy oil, at 17(o) average API, comprises approximately 17 percent of total liquids production. Production of NGLs accounts for approximately 15 percent of total liquids production.

 

The following table summarizes the net product price received for Canetic’s production of conventional light and medium oil and conventional heavy oil for the periods indicated:

 

 

 

2007

 

2006

 

 

 

Light and
Medium Oil

 

Heavy Oil

 

Light and
Medium Oil

 

Heavy Oil

 

Quarter ended

 

($/bbl)

 

($/bbl)

 

($ /bbl)

 

($ /bbl)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

March 31

 

60.82

 

43.93

 

58.01

 

33.26

 

June 30

 

64.36

 

44.00

 

70.07

 

50.36

 

September 30

 

75.02

 

48.63

 

70.17

 

50.54

 

December 31

 

75.63

 

50.96

 

55.08

 

39.76

 

 

Forward Contracts

 

As at December 31, 2007, Canetic was not bound by any agreement (including a transportation agreement), directly or through an aggregator, under which it may be precluded from fully realizing, or may be protected from the full effect of,

 

17



 

future market prices for oil or natural gas, except for the following financial hedging positions that were outstanding as at December 31, 2007:

 

 

 

Notional Volume

 

Remaining Term

 

Pricing

 

Market Value(1)
(MM$ )

 

Crude Oil

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

WTI Collars

 

12,000 bbl/d

 

Jan/08-Dec/08

 

US$64.17-$81.49/bbl

 

(57.4

)

WTI Swaps

 

750 bbl/d

 

Jan/08-Dec/08

 

US$71.73/bbl

 

(5.7

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Natural Gas

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

AECO Collars

 

90,000 GJ/d

 

Jan/08-Mar/08

 

$7.00 - $11.23/GJ

 

6.2

 

AECO Swaps

 

70,000 GJ/d

 

Apr/08-Oct/08

 

$6.41/GJ

 

(0.5

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(57.4

)

 


Note:

 

(1)                                  Unrealized gain (loss) based on calculations using posted rates for similar contracts on December 31, 2007.

 

18



 

APPENDIX C

 

MANDATE OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE

 

Role and Objective

 

The Audit Committee (the “Committee”) is a committee of the board of directors of Penn West Petroleum Ltd. (the “Company”), administrator of Penn West Energy Trust (the “Trust”), to which the board has delegated its responsibility for oversight of the integrity of the Trust’s consolidated financial statements, the Trust’s compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, the independent auditor’s qualifications and independence, and the performance of the Trust’s internal audit function, if any. The objectives of the Committee, with respect to Company and the Trust (hereinafter collectively referred to as “Penn West”), are as follows:

 

·                                          To assist the Board in meeting its responsibilities (especially for accountability) in respect of the preparation and disclosure of the consolidated financial statements of the Trust and related matters;

 

·                                          To provide better communication between directors and independent auditors;

 

·                                          To assist the Board in meeting its responsibilities regarding the oversight of the independent auditor’s qualifications and independence;

 

·                                          To assist the Board in meeting its responsibilities regarding the oversight of the credibility, integrity and objectivity of financial reports;

 

·                                          To strengthen the role of the non-management directors by facilitating discussions between directors on the Committee, management and independent auditors;

 

·                                          To assist the Board in meeting its responsibilities regarding the oversight of the performance of the Company’s independent auditors and internal audit function, if any; and

 

·                                          To assist the Board in meeting its responsibilities regarding the oversight of the Company’s compliance with legal and regulatory requirements.

 

Mandate and Responsibilities of Committee

 

·                                          It is the responsibility of the Committee to satisfy itself on behalf of the Board that the Company’s internal control systems are sufficient to reasonably ensure that:

 

·                                          controllable, material business risks are identified, monitored and mitigated where it is determined cost effective to do so;

 

·                                          internal controls over financial reporting are sufficient to meet the requirements under MI 52-109 and the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and

 

·                                          legal, ethical and regulatory requirements are complied with.

 

·                                          It is a primary responsibility of the Committee to review the annual and quarterly financial statements of the Trust prior to their submission to the board of directors for approval. The process should include but not be limited to:

 

·                                          reviewing changes in accounting principles, or in their application, which may have a material impact on the current or future years’ financial statements;

 

·                                          reviewing significant accruals, reserves or other estimates such as the ceiling test calculation;

 

·                                          reviewing accounting treatment of unusual or non-recurring transactions;

 

·                                          reviewing the Trust’s status as a “mutual fund trust” under the Income Tax Act (Canada);

 



 

·                                          ascertaining compliance with covenants under loan agreements and Trust Indenture;

 

·                                          reviewing adequacy of the asset retirement obligations;

 

·                                          reviewing disclosure requirements for commitments and contingencies;

 

·                                          reviewing adjustments raised by the independent auditors, whether or not included in the financial statements;

 

·                                          reviewing unresolved differences between management and the independent auditors, if any;

 

·                                          obtaining reasonable explanations of significant variances with comparative reporting periods; and

 

·                                          determine through inquiry if there are any related party transactions and ensure the nature and extent of such transactions are properly disclosed.

 

·                                          The Committee is to review, discuss and recommend for approval by the Board the annual and quarterly financial statements and related information included in prospectuses, management discussion and analysis (MD&A), information circular-proxy statements and annual information forms (AIF), prior to recommending board approval.

 

·                                          Discuss the Trust’s quarterly results press releases, as well as financial information and earnings guidance provided to analysts and rating agencies (provided that the Committee is not required to review and discuss investor presentations that do not contain financial information or earnings guidance that has not previously been generally disclosed to the public).

 

·                                          With respect to the appointment of independent auditors by the Board, the Committee shall:

 

·                                          on an annual basis, the Committee shall review and discuss with the auditors all relationships the auditors have with the Trust and the Company to determine the auditors’ independence. In addition, the Committee will ensure the rotation of partners on the audit engagement team in accordance with applicable law and, in order to ensure continuing auditor independence, consider the rotation of the audit firm itself;

 

·                                          be directly responsible for appointing, compensating, retaining and overseeing the work of the independent auditors engaged for the purpose of issuing an auditors’ report or performing other audit, review or attest services for the Trust, including the resolution of disagreements between management and the independent auditor regarding financial reporting, and the independent auditors shall report directly to the Committee;

 

·                                          review and evaluate the performance of the lead partner of the independent auditors;

 

·                                          review the basis of management’s recommendation for the appointment of independent auditors and recommend to the board appointment of independent auditors and their compensation;

 

·                                          review the terms of engagement and the overall audit plan (including the materiality levels to be applied) of the independent auditors, including the appropriateness and reasonableness of the auditors’ fees;

 

·                                          when there is to be a change in auditors, review the issues related to the change and the information to be included in the required notice to securities regulators of such change; and

 

·                                          review and pre-approve any audit and permitted non-audit services to be provided by the independent auditors’ firm and consider the impact on the independence of the auditors.

 

·                                          At least annually, obtaining and reviewing the report by the independent auditors describing the independent auditors’ internal quality control procedures, any material issues raised by the most recent interim quality-control review, or peer review, of the independent auditors, or by any inquiry or investigation by governmental or professional authorities, within the preceding five years, respecting one or more independent audits carried out by the independent auditors, and any steps taken to deal with any such issues.

 

·                                          Review with the independent auditors (and internal auditors, if any) their assessment of the internal controls of the Company, their written reports containing recommendations for improvement, and management’s response and follow-up to any identified weaknesses. The Committee shall also review annually with the independent auditors

 

2



 

their plan for their audit and, upon completion of the audit, their reports upon the financial statements of Penn West and its subsidiaries.

 

·                                          At least annually, obtaining and reviewing a report by the independent auditors describing (i) all critical accounting policies and practices used by the Trust, (ii) all alternative accounting treatments of financial information within generally accepted accounting principles related to material items that have been discussed with management, including the ramifications of the use of such alternative treatments and disclosures and the treatment preferred by the accounting firm, and (iii) other material written communications between the accounting firm and management of Penn West.

 

·                                          Obtain assurance from the independent auditors that disclosure to the Committee is not required pursuant to the provisions of the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, regarding the discovery by the independent auditors of illegal acts.

 

·                                          Pre-approve the completion of any audit and permitted non-audit services by the independent auditors and determine which non-audit services the independent auditor is prohibited from providing. The Committee may delegate to one or more members of the Committee authority to pre-approve non-audit services in satisfaction of this requirement and if such delegation occurs, the pre-approval of non-audit services by the Committee member to whom authority has been delegated must be presented to the Committee at its first scheduled meeting following such pre-approval. The Committee shall be entitled to adopt specific policies and procedures for the engagement of non audit services if:

 

·                                          the pre-approval policies and procedures are detailed as to the particular service;

 

·                                          the Committee is informed of each non-audit service so approved; and

 

·                                          the procedures do not include delegation of the Committee’s responsibilities to management.

 

·                                          The Committee will satisfy the pre-approval requirement set forth in the above paragraph if:

 

·                                          the aggregate amount of all non audit services that were not pre approved is reasonably expected to constitute no more than 5% of the total amount of fees paid by the Trust and its subsidiary entities to the auditors during the fiscal year in which the services are provided;

 

·                                          the Trust or the subsidiary entity, as the case may be, did not recognize the services as non-audit services at the time of the engagement;

 

·                                          the services are promptly brought to the attention of the Committee and approved, prior to completion of the audit, by the Committee or by one or more of its members to whom authority to grant such approvals has been delegated by the Committee; and

 

·                                          Review, set and approve hiring policies relating to current and former staff of current and former independent auditors.

 

·                                          Review all public disclosure containing financial information before release (provided that the Committee is not required to review investor presentations that do not contain financial information or earnings guidance that has not previously been generally disclosed to the public).

 

·                                          Review all pending litigation to ensure disclosures are sufficient and appropriate.

 

·                                          Satisfy itself that adequate procedures are in place for the review of the Trust’s public disclosure of financial information from the Trust’s financial statements and periodically assess the adequacy of those procedures.

 

·                                          Review and discuss major financial risk exposures and the steps management has taken to monitor and control such exposures. Discuss guidelines and policies to govern the process by which risk assessment and management is undertaken.

 

·                                          Establish procedures independent of management for:

 

3



 

·                                          the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints received by the Trust regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, or auditing matters; and

 

·                                          the confidential, anonymous submission by employees of the Trust of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditing matters.

 

·                                          Review any other matters required by law, regulation or stock exchange requirement, or that the Committee feels are important to its mandate or that the Board chooses to delegate to it.

 

·                                          Establish, review and update periodically a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and the Code of Conduct for Senior Officers and Senior Financial Management and ensure that management has established systems to enforce these codes.

 

·                                          Review management’s monitoring of the Trust’s compliance with the organization’s Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and the Code of Conduct for Senior Officers and Senior Financial Management.

 

·                                          Review and discuss with the CEO, the CFO and the independent auditors, the matters required to be reviewed with those persons in connection with any certificates required by applicable laws, regulations or stock exchange requirements to be provided by the CEO and CFO.

 

·                                          Review and discuss major issues regarding accounting principles and financial statement presentations, including any significant changes in the Trust’s selection or application of accounting principles.

 

·                                          Review and discuss major issues as to the adequacy of the Trust’s internal controls and any special audit steps adopted in light of material control deficiencies.

 

·                                          Review and discuss analyses prepared by management and/or the independent auditors setting forth significant financial reporting issues and judgments made in connection with the preparation of the financial statements, including analyses of the effects of alternative generally accepted accounting principles methods on the financial statements.

 

·                                          Review and discuss the effect of regulatory and accounting initiatives, as well as off-balance sheet structures, on the Trust’s financial statements.

 

·                                          Review and discuss the type and presentation of information to be included in earnings press releases, paying particular attention to any use of “pro forma” or “adjusted” non-GAAP information.

 

Composition

 

·                                          This Committee shall be composed of at least three individuals appointed by the Board from amongst its members, all of which members will be independent (within the meaning of (a) Multilateral Instrument 52-110 Audit Committees and (b) Sections 303A.02 and 303A.07(b) of the Corporate Governance Rules of the New York Stock Exchange) unless the Board determines to rely on an exemption in NI 52-110.

 

·                                          The Secretary to the Board shall act as Secretary of the Committee.

 

·                                          A quorum shall be a majority of the members of the Committee.

 

·                                          All of the members must be financially literate within the meaning of NI 52-110 and Section 303A.07(a) of the Corporate Governance Rules of the New York Stock Exchange unless the Board has determined to rely on an exemption in NI 52-110. Being “financially literate” means members have the ability to read and understand a set of financial statements that present a breadth and level of complexity of accounting issues that are generally comparable to the breadth and complexity of issues that can reasonably be expected to be raised by the Trust’s financial statements. In addition, at least one member of the Committee must have accounting or related financial management expertise, as the Board interprets such qualification in its business judgment.

 

4



 

·                                          In connection with the appointment of the members of the Committee, the Board will determine whether any proposed nominee for the Committee serves on the audit committee of more than three public companies. To the extent that any proposed nominee of PWPL serves on the audit committee of more than three public companies, the Board will make a determination as to whether such simultaneous services would impair the ability of such member to effectively serve on the Company’s Audit Committee and will disclose such determination in the Trust’s annual information circular and annual report on Form 40-F filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

Meetings

 

·                                          The Committee shall meet at least four times per year and/or as deemed appropriate by the Committee Chair. As part of its job to foster open communication, the Committee should meet at least annually with management, internal auditors (if any) and the independent auditors in separate executive sessions to discuss any matters that the Committee or each of these groups believe should be discussed privately. In addition, the Committee or at least its Chair should meet with the independent auditors and management quarterly to review the Trust’s financials. The Committee should also meet with management and independent auditors on an annual basis to review and discuss annual financial statements and the management’s discussion and analysis of financial conditions and results of operations.

 

·                                          Agendas, with input from management, shall be circulated to Committee members and relevant management personnel along with background information on a timely basis prior to the Committee meetings.

 

·                                          Minutes of each meeting shall be prepared by the Secretary to the Committee.

 

·                                          The Chief Executive Officer and the VP Finance or their designates shall be available to attend at all meetings of the Committee upon the invitation of the Committee.

 

·                                          The Controller, Treasurer and such other staff as appropriate to provide information to the Committee shall attend meetings upon invitation by the Committee.

 

Reporting / Authority

 

·                                          At the first Board meeting following a Committee meeting, the Committee will provide a verbal report to the Board of the material matters discussed and material resolutions passed at the Committee meeting. The draft minutes of the Committee meeting will subsequently be provided to all Board members as soon as practicable.

 

·                                          Supporting schedules and information reviewed by the Committee shall be available for examination by any Director.

 

·                                          The Committee shall have the authority to investigate any financial activity of the Trust and to communicate directly with the internal (if any) and independent auditors. All employees are to cooperate as requested by the Committee.

 

·                                          The Committee may retain, and set and pay the compensation for, persons having special expertise and/or obtain independent professional advice, including the engagement of independent counsel and other advisors, to assist in fulfilling its duties and responsibilities at the expense of Penn West.

 

·                                          The Committee may delegate any of its duties and responsibilities hereunder to the Committee Chair or any group of members of the Committee.

 

·                                          The Committee, in its capacity as a committee of the Board, shall determine appropriate funding and cause such funding to be available (i) to Penn West’s independent auditors for the purpose of preparing and issuing an audit report, (ii) to any advisors employed by the Committee, and (iii) for ordinary administration expenses of the Committee that are necessary or appropriate in carrying out its duties.

 

5