10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended May 31, 2023

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-34992

SemiLEDs Corporation

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	20-2735523
(State or other jurisdiction of	(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)	Identification Number)

3F, No. 11 Ke Jung Rd., Chu-Nan Site,
Hsinchu Science Park, Chu-Nan 350,
Miao-Li County, Taiwan, R.O.C.	350
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

+886-37-586788
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.0000056	LEDS	The Nasdaq Stock Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date: 4,915,282 shares of common stock, par value $0.0000056 per share, outstanding as of June 30, 2023.

SEMILEDS CORPORATION

FORM 10-Q for the Quarter Ended May 31, 2023

INDEX

		Page No.
	Part I. Financial Information
Item 1.	Financial Statements	1
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022	1
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022	2
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022	3
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022	4
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022	5
	Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	6
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	17
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	31
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	31
	Part II. Other Information
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	32
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	32
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	33
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	33
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	33
Item 5.	Other Information	33
Item 6.	Exhibits	34
Signatures		35

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

SEMILEDS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands of U.S. dollars and shares, except par value)

	May 31,			August 31,
	2023			2022
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	3,041		$	4,274
Restricted cash and cash equivalents		81			82
Accounts receivable (including related parties), net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $180 and $181 as of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022, respectively		981			880
Inventories		4,207			3,784
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		160			123
Total current assets		8,470			9,143
Property, plant and equipment, net		3,360			4,139
Operating lease right of use assets		1,456			1,578
Intangible assets, net		98			102
Investments in unconsolidated entities		913			922
Other assets		286			170
TOTAL ASSETS	$	14,583		$	16,054
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Current installments of long-term debt	$	5,072		$	5,063
Accounts payable		544			286
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		2,690			2,702
Other payable to related parties		1,298			1,061
Operating lease liabilities, current		144			143
Total current liabilities		9,748			9,255
Long-term debt, excluding current installments		1,493			1,866
Operating lease liabilities, less current portion		1,312			1,435
Total liabilities		12,553			12,556
Commitments and contingencies (Note 5)
EQUITY:
SemiLEDs stockholders’ equity
Common stock, $0.0000056 par value—7,500 shares authorized; 4,915 shares and 4,832 shares issued and outstanding as of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022, respectively		—			—
Additional paid-in capital		184,092			183,711
Accumulated other comprehensive income		3,658			3,697
Accumulated deficit		(185,764	)		(183,955	)
Total SemiLEDs stockholders' equity		1,986			3,453
Noncontrolling interests		44			45
Total equity		2,030			3,498
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY	$	14,583		$	16,054

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

1

SEMILEDS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(In thousands of U.S. dollars and shares, except per share data)

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	May 31, 2023			May 31, 2022			May 31, 2023			May 31, 2022
Revenues, net	$	1,679		$	1,784		$	4,526		$	5,425
Cost of revenues		1,438			1,448			3,560			4,363
Gross profit		241			336			966			1,062
Operating expenses:
Research and development		372			357			1,032			1,056
Selling, general and administrative		850			810			2,271			2,333
Gain on disposals of long-lived assets, net		—			(57	)		—			(196	)
Total operating expenses		1,222			1,110			3,303			3,193
Loss from operations		(981	)		(774	)		(2,337	)		(2,131	)
Other income (expenses):
Interest expenses, net		(67	)		(94	)		(219	)		(277	)
Other income, net		295			264			766			1,215
Foreign currency transaction loss, net		(3	)		(307	)		(20	)		(395	)
Total other income (expenses), net		225			(137	)		527			543
Loss before income taxes		(756	)		(911	)		(1,810	)		(1,588	)
Income tax expense		—			—			—			—
Net loss		(756	)		(911	)		(1,810	)		(1,588	)
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests		—			5			(1	)		18
Net loss attributable to SemiLEDs stockholders	$	(756	)	$	(916	)	$	(1,809	)	$	(1,606	)
Net loss per share attributable to SemiLEDs stockholders:
Basic	$	(0.15	)	$	(0.20	)	$	(0.37	)	$	(0.36	)
Diluted	$	(0.15	)	$	(0.20	)	$	(0.37	)	$	(0.36	)
Shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to SemiLEDs stockholders:
Basic		4,897			4,517			4,866			4,488
Diluted		4,897			4,517			4,866			4,488

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

2

SEMILEDS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

(In thousands of U.S. dollars)

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	May 31, 2023			May 31, 2022			May 31, 2023			May 31, 2022
Net loss	$	(756	)	$	(911	)	$	(1,810	)	$	(1,588	)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax of $0 for all periods presented		(33	)		115			(39	)		149
Comprehensive loss	$	(789	)	$	(796	)	$	(1,849	)	$	(1,439	)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests		—		$	4		$	(1	)	$	16
Comprehensive loss attributable to SemiLEDs stockholders	$	(789	)	$	(800	)	$	(1,848	)	$	(1,455	)

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

SEMILEDS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity

(In thousands of U.S. dollars and shares)

								Accumulated						Total
					Additional			Other						SemiLEDs			Non-
	Common Stock				Paid-in			Comprehensive			Accumulated			Shareholders'			Controlling			Total
	Shares		Amount		Capital			Income			Deficit			Equity			Interests			Equity
BALANCE—September 1, 2022		4,832	$	—	$	183,711		$	3,697		$	(183,955	)	$	3,453		$	45		$	3,498
Stock-based compensation		16		—		125			—			—			125			—			125
Comprehensive loss:
Other comprehensive loss		—		—		—			(55	)		—			(55	)		—			(55	)
Net loss		—		—		—			—			(512	)		(512	)		3			(509	)
BALANCE—November 30, 2022		4,848		—		183,836			3,642			(184,467	)		3,011			48			3,059
Stock-based compensation		44		—		115			—			—			115			—			115
Comprehensive income:
Other comprehensive income		—		—		—			49			—			49			—			49
Net loss		—		—		—			—			(541	)		(541	)		(4	)		(545	)
BALANCE—February 28, 2023		4,892		—		183,951			3,691			(185,008	)		2,634			44			2,678
Stock-based compensation		23		—		141			—			—			141			—			141
Comprehensive loss:
Other comprehensive loss		—		—		—			(33	)		—			(33	)		—			(33	)
Net loss		—		—		—			—			(756	)		(756	)		—			(756	)
BALANCE—May 31, 2023		4,915	$	—	$	184,092		$	3,658		$	(185,764	)	$	1,986		$	44		$	2,030
								Accumulated						Total
					Additional			Other						SemiLEDs			Non-
	Common Stock				Paid-in			Comprehensive			Accumulated			Shareholders'			Controlling			Total
	Shares		Amount		Capital			Income			Deficit			Equity			Interests			Equity
BALANCE—September 1, 2021		4,460	$	—	$	182,255		$	3,543		$	(181,211	)	$	4,587		$	39		$	4,626
Stock-based compensation		—		—		43			—			—			43			—			43
Comprehensive income (loss):
Other comprehensive income (loss)		—		—		—			9			—			9			(1	)		8
Net loss		—		—		—			—			(518	)		(518	)		(7	)		(525	)
BALANCE—November 30, 2021		4,460		—		182,298			3,552			(181,729	)		4,121			31			4,152
Issuance of common stock under equity incentive plans		54		—		—			—			—			—			—			—
Stock-based compensation		—		—		154			—			—			154			—			154
Comprehensive income:
Other comprehensive income		—		—		—			26			—			26			—			26
Net loss		—		—		—			—			(172	)		(172	)		20			(152	)
BALANCE—February 28, 2022		4,514		—		182,452			3,578			(181,901	)		4,129			51			4,180
Stock-based compensation		—		—		132			—			—			132			—			132
Issuance of common stock under equity incentive plans		16		—		—			—			—			—			—			—
Issuance of common stock in registered offering		—		—		1			—			—			1			—			1
Change ownership in SBDI*		—		—		(16	)		—			—			(16	)		(7	)		(23	)
Comprehensive income (loss):
Other comprehensive income (loss)		—		—		—			116			—			116			(1	)		115
Net loss		—		—		—			—			(916	)		(916	)		5			(911	)
BALANCE—May 31, 2022		4,530	$	—	$	182,569		$	3,694		$	(182,817	)	$	3,446		$	48		$	3,494

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

*SBDI (Taiwan Bandaoti Zhaoming Co., Ltd.) is one of the Company’s subsidiaries.

4

SEMILEDS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands of U.S. dollars)

	Nine Months Ended
	May 31, 2023			May 31, 2022
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net loss	$	(1,810	)	$	(1,588	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		885			635
Stock-based compensation expense		381			329
Provisions for inventory write-downs		471			592
Gain on disposals of long-lived assets, net		—			(196	)
Loss on disposals of patent		4			9
Changes in :
Accounts receivable		(81	)		(597	)
Inventories		(929	)		(882	)
Prepaid expenses and other		158			104
Accounts payable		253			(143	)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		23			(126	)
Net cash used in operating activities		(645	)		(1,863	)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of property, plant and equipment		(212	)		(69	)
Proceeds from sales of property, plant and equipment		—			187
Payments for development of intangible assets		(16	)		(11	)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities		(228	)		107
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Repayments of long-term debt		(354	)		(368	)
Issuance of common stock in registered offering		—			1
Acquisition of noncontrolling interests		—			(23	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(354	)		(390	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash		(8	)		327
NET DECREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH		(1,235	)		(1,819	)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH—Beginning of period		4,452			5,028
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH—End of period	$	3,217		$	3,209
NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Accrual related to property, plant and equipment	$	28		$	56

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

SEMILEDS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

1. Business

SemiLEDs Corporation (“SemiLEDs”) was incorporated in Delaware on January 4, 2005 and is a holding company for two wholly owned subsidiaries. SemiLEDs and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) develop, manufacture and sell high performance light emitting diodes (“LEDs”). The Company’s core products are LED components, as well as LED chips and lighting products. LED components have become the most important part of its business. A portion of the Company’s business consists of the sale of contract manufactured LED products. The Company’s customers are concentrated in a few select markets, including the United States, Japan, Taiwan and Netherlands.

As of May 31, 2023, SemiLEDs had two wholly owned subsidiaries. SemiLEDs Optoelectronics Co., Ltd., or Taiwan SemiLEDs, is the Company’s wholly owned operating subsidiary, where a substantial portion of the assets is held and located, and where a portion of our research, development, manufacturing and sales activities take place. Taiwan SemiLEDs owns a 97.37% equity interest in Taiwan Bandaoti Zhaoming Co., Ltd., formerly known as Silicon Base Development, Inc., which is engaged in the research, development, manufacturing and a substantial portion of marketing and sale of LED components, and where most of the Company’s employees are based.

SemiLEDs’ common stock trades on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “LEDS”.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation —The Company’s unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and applicable provisions of the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Certain information and disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted as permitted by the rules and regulations of the SEC. Accordingly, these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 8, 2022. The unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of August 31, 2022 included herein was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of that date.

The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements and include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of May 31, 2023, the statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022, the statement of changes in equity for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022, and the statements of cash flows for the nine months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022. The results for the three or nine months ended May 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending August 31, 2023.

Going Concern —The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business are dependent on, among other things, the Company’s ability to operate profitably, to generate cash flows from operations, and to pursue financing arrangements to support its working capital requirements.

6

The Company suffered losses from operations of $3.2 million and $3.9 million, and net cash used in operating activities of $1.5 million and $1.7 million for the years ended August 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. These facts and conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, even though gross profit on product sales was $1.4 million for the year ended August 31, 2022 compared to $1.0 million for the year ended August 31, 2021. Loss from operations for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2023 was $981 thousand and $2.3 million, respectively. Net cash used in operating activities for the nine months ended May 31, 2023 was $645 thousand. Moreover, at May 31, 2023, the Company’s cash and cash equivalents had decreased to $3.0 million. Management believes that it has developed a liquidity plan, as summarized below, that, if executed successfully, should provide sufficient liquidity to meet the Company’s obligations as they become due for a reasonable period of time, and allow the development of its core business.

•Gaining positive cash-inflow from operating activities through continuous cost reductions and the sales of new higher margin products. Steady growth of module products and the continued commercial sales of its UV LED product are expected to improve the Company’s future gross margin, operating results and cash flows. The Company is targeting niche markets and focusing on product enhancement and developing its LED product into many other applications or devices.

•Continuing to monitor prices, work with current and potential vendors to decrease costs and, consistent with its existing contractual commitments, may possibly decrease its activity level and capital expenditures further. This plan reflects its strategy of controlling capital costs and maintaining financial flexibility.

•Raising additional cash through potential equity offerings, including sales through an at-the-market, or ATM, program, sales of assets and/or issuance of debt as considered necessary and looking at other potential business opportunities.

While the Company’s management believes that the measures described in the above liquidity plan will be adequate to satisfy its liquidity requirements for the twelve months after the date that the financial statements are issued, there is no assurance that the liquidity plan will be successfully implemented. Failure to successfully implement the liquidity plan may have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations and financial position, and may adversely affect its ability to continue as a going concern. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments related to the recoverability and classification of recorded assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities or any other adjustments that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

Restricted Cash Equivalents —Restricted cash primarily consists of cash held in reserved bank accounts in Taiwan. As of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022, the Company’s restricted cash equivalents at current portion amounted $81 thousand and $82 thousand, respectively. As of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022, the Company’s restricted cash at noncurrent portion, which was recorded as other assets, amounted to $95 thousand and $96 thousand, respectively.

Revenue Recognition —Effective September 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC 606 using the modified retrospective transition method. The Company applied the following five steps to achieve the core principles of ASC 606: 1) identified the contract with a customer; 2) identified the performance obligations (promises) in the contract; 3) determined the transaction price; 4) allocated the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and 5) recognized revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The Company recognizes the amount of revenue when the Company satisfies a performance obligation to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The Company obtains written purchase authorizations from its customers as evidence of an arrangement and these authorizations generally provide for a specified amount of product at a fixed price. Generally, the Company considers delivery to have occurred at the time of shipment as this is generally when title and risk of loss for the products will pass to the customer. The Company provides its customers with limited rights of return for non‑conforming shipments and product warranty claims. Based on historical return percentages, which have not been material to date, and other relevant factors, the Company estimates its potential future exposure on recorded product sales, which reduces product revenues in the consolidated statements of operations and reduces accounts receivable in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company also provides standard product warranties on its products, which generally range from three months to two years. Management estimates the Company’s warranty obligations as a percentage of revenues, based on historical knowledge of warranty costs and other relevant factors. To date, the related estimated warranty provisions have been insignificant.

Principles of Consolidation —The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of SemiLEDs and its consolidated subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated during consolidation.

On September 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC 825-10, “Financial Instruments- Overall: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities”. This standard allows equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values to be re-measured at fair value either upon the occurrence of an observable price change or upon identification of impairment. The standard also simplifies the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values by requiring assessment for impairment qualitatively at each reporting period.

7

Investments in which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence over the investee but not a controlling financial interest, are accounted for using the equity method of accounting and are not consolidated. These investments are in joint ventures that are not subject to consolidation under the variable interest model, and for which the Company: (i) does not have a majority voting interest that would allow it to control the investee, or (ii) has a majority voting interest but for which other shareholders have significant participating rights, but for which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies. Under the equity method, investments are stated at cost after adding or removing the Company’s portion of equity in undistributed earnings or losses, respectively. The Company’s investment in these equity‑method entities is reported in the consolidated balance sheets in investments in unconsolidated entities, and the Company’s share of the income or loss of these equity‑method entities, after the elimination of unrealized intercompany profits, is reported in the consolidated statements of operations in equity in losses from unconsolidated entities. When net losses from an equity‑method investee exceed its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the investment is reduced to zero. The Company then suspends using the equity method to provide for additional losses unless the Company has guaranteed obligations or is otherwise committed to provide further financial support to the equity‑method investee. The Company resumes accounting for the investment under the equity method if the investee subsequently returns to profitability and the Company’s share of the investee’s income exceeds its share of the cumulative losses that have not been previously recognized during the period the equity method is suspended.

Investments in entities that are not consolidated or accounted for under the equity method are recorded as investments without readily determinable fair values. Investments without readily determinable fair values are reported on the consolidated balance sheets in investments in unconsolidated entities, at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer. Dividend income, if any, received is reported in the consolidated statements of operations in equity in losses from unconsolidated entities.

If the fair value of an equity investment declines below its respective carrying amount and the decline is determined to be other‑than‑temporary, the investment will be written down to its fair value.

Use of Estimates —The preparation of unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements on the basis that the Company will continue as a going concern, the collectability of accounts receivable, inventory net realizable values, realization of deferred tax assets, valuation of stock-based compensation expense, the useful lives of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, the recoverability of the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and investments in unconsolidated entities, the fair value of acquired tangible and intangible assets, income tax uncertainties, provision for potential litigation costs and other contingencies. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and also on assumptions that it believes are reasonable. Management assesses these estimates on a regular basis; however, actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Certain Significant Risks and Uncertainties —The Company is subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could have a material and adverse effect on the Company’s future financial position or results of operations, which risks and uncertainties include, among others: it has incurred significant losses over the past years, any inability of the Company to compete in a rapidly evolving market and to respond quickly and effectively to changing market requirements, any inability of the Company to grow its revenue and/or maintain or increase its margins, it may experience fluctuations in its revenues and operating results, any inability of the Company to protect its intellectual property rights, claims by others that the Company infringes their proprietary technology, and any inability of the Company to raise additional funds in the future.

Concentration of Supply Risk —Some of the components and technologies used in the Company’s products are purchased and licensed from a limited number of sources and some of the Company’s products are produced by a limited number of contract manufacturers. The loss of any of these suppliers and contract manufacturers may cause the Company to incur transition costs to another supplier or contract manufacturer, result in delays in the manufacturing and delivery of the Company’s products, or cause it to carry excess or obsolete inventory. The Company relies on a limited number of such suppliers and contract manufacturers for the fulfillment of its customer orders. Any failure of such suppliers and contract manufacturers to perform could have an adverse effect upon the Company’s reputation and its ability to distribute its products or satisfy customers’ orders, which could adversely affect the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

Concentration of Credit Risk —Financial instruments that subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents and accounts receivable.

8

The Company keeps its cash and cash equivalents in demand deposits with prominent banks of high credit quality and invests only in money market funds. Deposits held with banks may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits. As of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022, cash and cash equivalents of the Company consisted of the following (in thousands):

	May 31,		August 31,
Cash and Cash Equivalents by Location	2023		2022
United States;
Denominated in U.S. dollars	$	181	$	2,215
Taiwan;
Denominated in U.S. dollars		2,768		1,447
Denominated in New Taiwan dollars		43		127
Denominated in other currencies		49		485
Total cash and cash equivalents	$	3,041	$	4,274

The Company’s revenues are substantially derived from the sales of LED products. A significant portion of the Company’s revenues are derived from a limited number of customers and sales are concentrated in a few select markets. Management performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and generally does not require collateral on accounts receivable. Management evaluates the need to establish an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated potential credit losses at each reporting period. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on the management’s assessment of the collectability of its customer accounts. Management regularly reviews the allowance by considering certain factors, such as historical experience, industry data, credit quality, ages of accounts receivable balances and current economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay.

Net revenues generated from sales to the top ten customers represented 90% and 91% of the Company’s net revenues for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2023, respectively, and 86% and 88% of the Company’s net revenues for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2022, respectively.

The Company’s revenues have been concentrated in a few select markets, including the United States, Japan, Netherlands and Taiwan. Net revenues generated from sales to customers in these markets, in the aggregate, accounted for 86% and 89% of the Company’s net revenues for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2023, respectively, and 81% and 80% of the Company’s net revenues for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2022, respectively.

Noncontrolling Interests —Noncontrolling interests are classified in the consolidated statements of operations as part of consolidated net income (loss) and the accumulated amount of noncontrolling interests in the consolidated balance sheets as part of equity. Changes in ownership interest in a consolidated subsidiary that do not result in a loss of control are accounted for as an equity transaction. If a change in ownership of a consolidated subsidiary results in loss of control and deconsolidation, any retained ownership interests are remeasured with the gain or loss reported in net earnings. On September 1, 2018, Taiwan Bandaoti Zhaoming Co., Ltd. (“SBDI”), the Company’s wholly owned operating subsidiary, issued 414,000 common shares and amended its certificate of incorporation to increase its common stock issued from 12,087,715 to 12,501,715 shares. As of the issuance date, the increased capital of $176 thousand (NT$5.4 million) has been completely received in cash by Taiwan Bandaoti Zhaoming Co., Ltd. The Company did not subscribe for any newly issued common shares, and, as a result, noncontrolling interest in the Company increased from zero to 3.31%. From January 2019 to September 2020, the Company purchased 33,000 common shares of SBDI from non-controlling shareholders. From March 2022 to May 2022, the Company purchased an additional 52,000 common shares of SBDI from non-controlling shareholders. Therefore, the noncontrolling interest in SBDI was down to 2.63% as of May 31, 2023.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt — Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity (“ASU 2020-06”). ASU 2020-06 simplifies the accounting for convertible debt by eliminating the beneficial conversion and cash conversion accounting models. Upon adoption of ASU 2020-06, convertible debt, unless issued with a substantial premium or an embedded conversion feature that is not clearly and closely related to the host contract, will no longer be allocated between debt and equity components. This modification will reduce the issue discount and result in less non-cash interest expense in financial statements. ASU 2020-06 also updates the earnings per share calculation and requires entities to assume share settlement when the convertible debt can be settled in cash or shares. For contracts in an entity’s own equity, the type of contracts primarily affected by ASU 2020-06 are freestanding and embedded features that are accounted for as derivatives under the current guidance due to a failure to meet the settlement assessment by removing the requirements to (i) consider whether the contract would be settled in registered shares, (ii) consider whether collateral is required to be posted, and (iii) assess shareholder rights. ASU 2020-06 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023. Early adoption is permitted, but only if adopted as of the beginning of such fiscal year. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the standard will have on its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt — Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation — Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging — Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options (“ASU 2021-04”). ASU 2021-04 provides guidance as to how an issuer should account for a modification of the terms or conditions or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option (i.e., a warrant) that remains classified after modification or exchange as an exchange of the original instrument for a new instrument. An issuer should measure the effect of a modification or exchange as the difference between the fair value of the modified or exchanged warrant and the fair value of that warrant immediately before modification or exchange and then apply a recognition model that comprises four categories of transactions and the corresponding accounting treatment for each category (equity issuance, debt origination, debt modification, and modifications unrelated to equity issuance and debt origination or modification). ASU 2021-04 was effective for fiscal years beginning September 1, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. An entity should apply the guidance provided in ASU 2021-04 prospectively to modifications or exchanges occurring on or after the effective date. The Company concluded that the standard has no material impact on its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

3. Balance Sheet Components

Inventories

Inventories as of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022 consisted of the following (in thousands):

	May 31,		August 31,
	2023		2022
Raw materials	$	501	$	493
Work in process		1,249		953
Finished goods		2,457		2,338
Total	$	4,207	$	3,784

Inventory write-downs to estimated net realizable values were $97 thousand and $471 thousand for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2023, respectively, and $176 thousand and $592 thousand for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2022, respectively.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment as of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022 consisted of the following (in thousands):

	May 31,			August 31,
	2023			2022
Buildings and improvements	$	13,591		$	13,698
Machinery and equipment		27,442			27,649
Leasehold improvements		159			161
Other equipment		2,261			2,283
Construction in progress		105			81
Total property, plant and equipment		43,558			43,872
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(40,198	)		(39,733	)
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	3,360		$	4,139

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets as of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022 consisted of the following (in thousands):

	May 31, 2023
	Weighted
	Average		Gross				Net
	Amortization		Carrying		Accumulated		Carrying
	Period (Years)		Amount		Amortization		Amount
Patents and trademarks		15	$	581	$	483	$	98
Acquired technology		5		331		331		—
Total			$	912	$	814	$	98

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	August 31, 2022
	Weighted
	Average		Gross				Net
	Amortization		Carrying		Accumulated		Carrying
	Period (Years)		Amount		Amortization		Amount
Patents and trademarks		15	$	580	$	478	$	102
Acquired technology		5		335		335		—
Total			$	915	$	813	$	102

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities as of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022 consisted of the following (in thousands):

	May 31,		August 31,
	2023		2022
Accrued compensation and benefits	$	1,772	$	1,678
Customer deposits		373		346
Accrued business expenses		149		176
Other (individually less than 5% of total accrued expenses and other current liabilities)		396		502
Total	$	2,690	$	2,702

4. Investments in Unconsolidated Entities

The Company’s ownership interest and carrying amounts of investments in unconsolidated entities as of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022 consisted of the following (in thousands, except percentages):

	May 31, 2023			August 31, 2022
	Percentage			Percentage
	Ownership	Amount		Ownership	Amount
Equity method investments:
Equity investment without readily determinable fair value	Various	$	913	Various	$	922
Total investments in unconsolidated entities		$	913		$	922

There were no dividends received from unconsolidated entities through May 31, 2023.

Equity Investments without Readily Determinable Fair Value

Equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the Company) which do not have readily determinable fair values are recorded as equity investment without readily determinable fair value. All equity investments without readily determinable fair value are assessed for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable, and measured at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuers.

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5. Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Lease Agreements —The Company has several operating leases with unrelated parties, primarily for land, plant and office spaces in Taiwan, which include cancelable and noncancelable leases which expire at various dates between December 2024 and December 2040. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; the Company recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For lease agreements entered into or reassessed after the adoption of Topic 842, the Company did not combine lease and non-lease components.

Most leases do not include options to renew. The exercise of lease renewal options has to be agreed by the lessors. The depreciable life of assets and leasehold improvements are limited by the term of leases, unless there is a transfer of title or purchase option reasonably certain of exercise. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Lease expense related to these noncancelable operating leases was $39 thousand and $125 thousand for three months and nine months ended May 31, 2023, respectively. Lease expense related to these noncancelable operating leases was $36 thousand and $120 thousand for three months and nine months ended May 31, 2022, respectively.

Balance sheet information related to the Company’s leases is presented below:

	May 31, 2022		August 31, 2022
Assets
Operating lease right of use assets	$	1,456	$	1,578
Liabilities
Operating lease liabilities, current portion	$	144	$	143
Operating lease liabilities, less current portion		1,312		1,435
Total	$	1,456	$	1,578

The following provides details of the Company’s lease expenses:

	Three Months Ended May 31,
	2023		2022
Operating lease expenses, net	$	39		36
	Nine Months Ended May 31,
	2023		2022
Operating lease expenses, net	$	125		120

Other information related to leases is presented below:

	Nine Months Ended May 31,
	2023			2022
Cash Paid for amounts Included In Measurement of Liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	125		$	120
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term:
Operating leases	15.98 years			16.72 years
Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases		1.76	%		1.76	%

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As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its average borrowing rate from non-related parties of 1.76% based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments.

The aggregate future noncancelable minimum rental payments for the Company’s operating leases as of May 31, 2023 consisted of the following (in thousands):

	Operating
Years Ending August 31,	Leases
Remainder of 2023	$	42
2024		168
2025		127
2026		94
2027		94
Thereafter		1,142
Total future minimum lease payments, undiscounted		1,667
Less: Imputed interest		(211	)
Present value of future minimum lease payments	$	1,456

Purchase Obligations —The Company had purchase commitments for inventory, property, plant and equipment in the amount of $120 thousand and $121 thousand as of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022, respectively.

Litigation —The Company is directly or indirectly involved from time to time in various claims or legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company recognizes a liability when it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount is reasonably estimable. There is significant judgment required in assessing both the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome and whether the amount of loss, if any, can be reasonably estimated.

As of May 31 2023, there was no pending or threatened litigation that could have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

6. Common Stock

On July 6, 2021, the Company entered into a Sales Agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with Roth Capital Partners, LLC (the “Agent”). In accordance with the terms of the Sales Agreement, the Company may offer and sell, from time to time through the Agent , the Company’s common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to the greater of $20,000,000, or the aggregate market value of common stock sold by the Company in the prior 12 months which is no more than one-third of the aggregate market value of the Company's common stock held by non-affiliates (the “Placement Shares”). Sales of the Placement Shares, if any, will be made on Nasdaq at market prices by any method permitted by law deemed to be an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The Company will pay a commission to the Agent of 3.0% of the gross proceeds of the sale of the Placement Shares sold under the Agreement and reimburse the Agent for certain expenses. During the year ended August 31, 2022, the Company sold 286,328 shares of the Company's common stock for gross proceeds of $995,099 before placement agent fees and bank fees of $30,626. No sales were made during the nine months ended May 31, 2023.

7. Stock-based Compensation

The Company currently has one equity incentive plan (the “2010 Plan”), which provides for awards in the form of restricted shares, stock units, stock options or stock appreciation rights to the Company’s employees, officers, directors and consultants. In April 2014, SemiLEDs’ stockholders approved an amendment to the 2010 Plan that increased the number of shares authorized for issuance under the plan by an additional 250 thousand shares. On July 31, 2019, the stockholders approved an amendment to increase in the authorized share reserve under the 2010 plan by an additional 500 thousand shares, to extend the expiration of the 2010 Plan to November 2, 2023, to remove the IRS Code section 162(m) provisions, and to modify the maximum grant limit to 35 thousand shares to one person in a one year period. On September 25, 2020, the stockholders approved the amended 2010 Equity Incentive Plan to increase the authorized shares reserve by an additional 400 thousand shares. On March 17, 2023, the Board approved the amendment of the 2010 Plan to extend the term to March 17, 2033, which was approved by the Company's stockholders at the annual meeting held on May 18, 2023.

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A total of 1,421 thousand and 1,421 thousand shares was reserved for issuance under the 2010 Plan, respectively, as of May 31, 2023 and 2022. As of May 31, 2023 and 2022, there were 674 thousand and 820 thousand shares of common stock available for future issuance under the equity incentive plans, respectively.

In April 2023, SemiLEDs granted 110.5 thousand restricted stock units to its employees, which will vest 12.5% every three months from the vesting commencement date of April 25, 2023 and will become fully vested upon a change in control. The grant-date fair value of the restricted stock units was $1.87 per unit.

In March 2023, SemiLEDs granted 20 thousand restricted stock units to its employee, which will vest 25% every anniversary starting from the vesting commencement date of March 8, 2023 and will become fully vested upon a change in control. The grant-date fair value of the restricted stock units was $2.30 per unit.

In November 2022, SemiLEDs granted 15 thousand restricted stock units to its directors that vest 25% every three months on February 7, 2023, May 7, 2023, August 7, 2023 and November 7, 2023. 100% of the unvested stock units was immediately vested on May 18, 2023, the date of the 2023 annual meeting. The grant-date fair value of the restricted stock units was $2.33 per unit.

In November 2021, SemiLEDs granted 15 thousand restricted stock units to its directors that vest in quarterly installments on February 12, 2022, May 12, 2022, August 12, 2022 and November 12, 2022. Because the 2022 annual meeting was held on September 13, 2022, 100% of the unvested restricted stock units immediately vested on the date of the 2022 annual meeting. The grant-date fair value of the restricted stock units was $7.10 per unit.

In November 2021, SemiLEDs granted 98.5 thousand restricted stock units to its employees, which vest in eight quarterly installments commencing November 2021 and will become fully vested upon a change in control. The grant-date fair value of the restricted stock units was $7.10 per unit.

In November 2020, SemiLEDs granted 15 thousand restricted stock units to its directors, which vested in quarterly installments on each of February 12, 2021, May 12, 2021, August 12, 2021 and November 12, 2021. Because the 2021 annual meeting was held on September 24, 2021, 100% of the stock units immediately vested on the date of the 2021 annual meeting. The grant-date fair value of the restricted stock units was $3.00 per unit.

In November 2020, SemiLEDs granted 33 thousand restricted stock units to its employees, which vested 25% on each of February 12, 2021, May 12, 2021 and August 12, 2021 and November 12, 2021 and became fully vested upon a change in control. The grant-date fair value of the restricted stock units was $3.00 per unit.

In January 2020, SemiLEDs granted 136 thousand restricted stock units to its employees, which vest 25% each year on January 10 of 2021, 2022, 2023 and 2024 and will become fully vested upon a change in control. The grant-date fair value of the restricted stock units was $2.39 per unit.

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The grant date fair value of stock options is determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Black-Scholes option-pricing model requires inputs including the market price of SemiLEDs’ common stock on the date of grant, the term that the stock options are expected to be outstanding, the implied stock volatilities of several of the Company’s publicly-traded peers over the expected term of stock options, risk-free interest rate and expected dividend. Each of these inputs is subjective and generally requires significant judgment to determine. The grant date fair value of stock units is based upon the market price of SemiLEDs’ common stock on the date of the grant. This fair value is amortized to compensation expense over the vesting term.

Stock-based compensation expense is recorded net of estimated forfeitures such that expense is recorded only for those stock-based awards that are expected to vest. A forfeiture rate is estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from initial estimates. A forfeiture rate of zero is estimated for stock-based awards with vesting term that is less than or equal to one year from the date of grant.

A summary of the stock-based compensation expense for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022 was as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	May 31, 2023		May 31, 2022		May 31, 2023		May 31, 2022
Cost of revenues	$	38	$	35	$	108	$	89
Research and development		40		36		112		90
Selling, general and administrative		63		61		161		150
	$	141	$	132	$	381	$	329

8. Net Loss Per Share of Common Stock

The following stock-based compensation plan awards were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share of common stock for the periods presented because including them would have been anti-dilutive (in thousands of shares):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	May 31, 2023		May 31, 2022		May 31, 2023		May 31, 2022
Stock units and stock options to purchase common stock		80		1		81		93

9. Income Taxes

The Company’s income (loss) before income taxes for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022 consisted of the following (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	May 31, 2023			May 31, 2022			May 31, 2023			May 31, 2022
U.S. operations	$	(228	)	$	(265	)	$	(595	)	$	(595	)
Foreign operations		(528	)		(646	)		(1,215	)		(993	)
Loss before income taxes	$	(756	)	$	(911	)	$	(1,810	)	$	(1,588	)

Unrecognized Tax Benefits

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was adopted, which among other effects, reduced the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate to 21% from 34% (or 35% in certain cases) beginning in 2018, requires companies to pay a one-time transition tax on certain unrepatriated earnings from non-U.S. subsidiaries that is payable over eight years, makes the receipt of future non-U.S. sourced income of non-U.S. subsidiaries tax-free to U.S. companies and creates a new minimum tax on the earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries relating to the parent’s deductions for payments to the subsidiaries. Provisional estimate of the Company is that no tax will be due under this provision.

As of both May 31 2023 and August 31, 2022, the Company had no unrecognized tax benefits related to tax positions taken in prior periods. The Company files income tax returns in the United States, various U.S. states and certain foreign jurisdictions. The tax years 2017 through 2021 remain open in most jurisdictions. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state, local, or foreign examinations by tax authorities for tax years before 2016. The Company is not currently under examination by income tax authorities in federal, state or foreign jurisdictions.

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10. Related Party Transactions

On January 8, 2019, the Company entered into loan agreements with each of the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and the largest shareholder of the Company, with aggregate amounts of $1.7 million and $1.5 million, respectively, and an annual interest rate of both 8%. All proceeds of the loans were exclusively used to return the deposit to Formosa Epitaxy Incorporation in connection with the cancelled proposed sale of the Company’s headquarters building pursuant to the agreement dated December 15, 2015. The Company was required to repay the loans of $1.5 million on January 14, 2021 and $1.7 million on January 22, 2021, respectively. On January 16, 2021, the maturity date of these loans was extended with same terms and interest rate for one year to January 15, 2022, and on January 14, 2022, the maturity date of these loans was extended again with same terms and interest rate for one more year to January 15, 2023. On January 13, 2023, the maturity date of these loans was further extended with same terms and interest rate for one year to January 15, 2024. As of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022, the outstanding principal of these loans totaled $3.2 million. The loans are secured by a second priority security interest on the headquarters building of the Company.

On November 25, 2019 and on December 10, 2019, the Company issued convertible unsecured promissory notes (the “Notes”) to J.R. Simplot Company, its largest shareholder, and Trung Doan, its Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, (together, the “Holders”) with a principal sum of $1.5 million and $500 thousand, respectively, and an annual interest rate of 3.5%. Principal and accrued interest shall be due on demand by the Holders on and at any time after May 30, 2021. On February 7, 2020, J.R. Simplot Company assigned all of its right, title and interest in the Notes to Simplot Taiwan Inc. The outstanding principal and unpaid accrued interest of the Notes may be converted into the Company’s common stock based on a conversion price of $3.00 per share, at the option of the Holders any time from the date of the Notes. On May 25, 2020, each of the Holders converted $300,000 of the Notes into 100,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. On May 26, 2021, the Notes were extended with the same terms and interest rate for one year and a maturity date of May 30, 2022. On May 26, 2022, the Notes were second extended with the same terms and interest rate for one year and a maturity date of May 30, 2023. On June 6, 2023, the Company entered into the Third Amendment to Convertible Unsecured Promissory Notes ("Third Amendments") to amend the Notes to (i) extend the maturity date from May 30, 2023 to May 30, 2024, and (ii) change the conversion price from $3.00 to $2.046 per share. All other terms and conditions of the Notes remain the same. As of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022, the outstanding principal of these notes totaled $1.4 million.

11. Subsequent Events

The Company follows the guidance in FASB ASC 855-10 for the disclosure of subsequent events. The Company has analyzed its operations subsequent to May 31, 2023 to the date these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements were issued, finding that no material subsequent events need to be disclosed.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, or this Quarterly Report, contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Quarterly Report, including statements regarding the future results of operations of SemiLEDs Corporation, or “we,” “our” or the “Company,” and financial position, strategy and plans, and our expectations for future operations, including the execution of our restructuring plan and any resulting cost savings, are forward-looking statements. Any statements contained herein that are not statements of historical facts may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. The words “believe,” “may,” “should,” “plan,” “potential,” “project,” “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “design,” “intend,” “expect” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, strategy, short-term and long-term business operations and objectives, and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, and actual results and the timing of certain events could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements as a result of many factors. These factors include, among other things,

•Declining cash position.

•Our ability to improve our liquidity, access alternative sources of funding and obtain additional equity capital or credit when necessary for our operations, the difficulty of which may increase if our common stock is delisted from the NASDAQ Stock Market.

•Our ability to maintain compliance with the continued listing requirements to avoid our stock being delisted from the Nasdaq Capital Market.

•The uncertainty and continuing impact of the COVID-19 and other health epidemics and outbreaks on our business and the business of our customers.

•The inability of our suppliers or other contract manufacturers to produce products that satisfy our requirements.

•Our ability to implement our cost reduction programs and to execute our restructuring plan effectively.

•Our ability to improve our gross margins, reduce our net losses and restore our operations to profitability.

•Our ability to successfully introduce new products that we can produce and that customers will purchase in such amounts as to be sufficiently profitable to cover the costs of developing and producing these products, as well as providing us additional net income from operations.

•Our ability to effectively develop, maintain and expand our sales and distribution channels, especially in the niche LED markets, including the UV LED and architectural lighting that we focus on.

•Our ability to successfully manage our operations in the face of the cyclicality, rapid technological change, rapid product obsolescence, declining average selling prices and wide fluctuations in supply and demand typically found in the LED market.

•Competitive pressures from existing and new companies.

•Our ability to grow our revenues generated from the sales of our products and to control our expenses.

•Loss of any of our key personnel, or our failure to attract, assimilate and retain other highly qualified personnel.

•Intellectual property infringement or misappropriation claims by third parties against us or our customers, including our distributor customers.

•The failure of LEDs to achieve widespread adoption in the general lighting market, or if alternative technologies gain market acceptance.

•The loss of key suppliers or contract manufacturers.

•Our ability to effectively expand or upgrade our production facilities or do so in a timely or cost-effective manner.

•Difficulty in managing our future growth or in responding to a need to contract operations, and the associated changes to our operations.

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•Adverse development in those selected markets, including the United States, Japan, Netherlands and Taiwan where our revenues are concentrated, including the uncertain impact of inflation on customer demand.

•Our ability to develop and execute upon a new strategy to exploit the China and India market.

•The reduction or elimination of government investment in LED lighting or the elimination of, or changes in, policies in certain countries that encourage the use of LEDs over some traditional lighting technologies.

•Our ability to implement our product innovation strategy effectively.

•Loss of customers.

•Failure of our strategy of marketing and selling our products in jurisdictions with limited intellectual property enforcement regimes.

•Lack of marketing and distribution success by our third-party distributors.

•Our customers’ ability to produce and sell products incorporating our LED products.

•Our failure to adequately prevent disclosure of trade secrets and other proprietary information.

•Ineffectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal control over financial reporting.

•Our ability to profit from future joint ventures, investments, acquisitions and other strategic alliances.

•Impairment of long-lived assets or investments.

•Undetected defects in our products that harm our sales and reputation and adversely affect our manufacturing yields.

•The availability of adequate and timely supply of electricity and water for our manufacturing facilities.

•Our ability to comply with existing and future environmental laws and the cost of such compliance.

•The ability of SemiLEDs Optoelectronics Co., Ltd., or Taiwan SemiLEDs, to make dividends and other payments to SemiLEDs Corporation.

•Our ability to obtain necessary regulatory approvals to make further investments in Taiwan SemiLEDs.

•Catastrophic events such as fires, earthquakes, floods, tornados, tsunamis, typhoons, pandemics, including the COVID-19 pandemic, wars, terrorist activities and other similar events, particularly if these events occur at or near our operations, or the operations of our suppliers, contract manufacturers and customers.

•The effect of the legal system in the People’s Republic of China, or the PRC.

•Labor shortages, strikes and other disturbances that affect our operations.

•Deterioration in the relations between the PRC and Taiwan governments.

•Fluctuations in the exchange rate among the U.S. dollar, the New Taiwan, or NT, dollar, the Japanese Yen and other currencies in which our sales, raw materials and component purchases and capital expenditures are denominated.

Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. We have not assumed any obligation to, and you should not expect us to, update or revise these statements because of new information, future events or otherwise.

For more information on the significant risks that could affect the outcome of these forward-looking statements, see Item 1A “Risk Factors” in Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2022, or the 2022 Annual Report, and those contained in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report, and other information provided from time to time in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon and should be read in conjunction with the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes and other information included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, in our 2022 Annual Report, and in other filings with the SEC.

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Company Overview

We develop, manufacture and sell light emitting diode (LED) chips and LED components. Our products are used for general lighting applications, including street lights and commercial, industrial, system and residential lighting. Our LED chips may also be used in specialty industrial applications, such as ultraviolet, or UV, curing of polymers, LED light therapy in medical/cosmetic applications, counterfeit detection, LED lighting for horticulture applications, architectural lighting and entertainment lighting.

Utilizing our patented and proprietary technology, our manufacturing process begins by growing upon the surface of a sapphire wafer, or substrate, several very thin separate semiconductive crystalline layers of gallium nitride, or GaN, a process known as epitaxial growth, on top of which a mirror-like reflective silver layer is then deposited. After the subsequent addition of a copper alloy layer and finally the removal of the sapphire substrate, we further process this multiple-layered material to create individual vertical LED chips.

We package our LED chips into LED components, which we sell to distributors and a customer base that is heavily concentrated in a few select markets, including the United States, Japan, Netherlands and Taiwan. We also sell our “Enhanced Vertical,” or EV, LED product series in blue, white, green and UV in selected markets. We sell our LED chips to packagers or to distributors, who in turn sell to packagers. Our lighting products customers are primarily original design manufacturers, or ODMs, of lighting products and the end‑users of lighting devices. We also contract other manufacturers to produce for our sale certain LED products, and for certain aspects of our product fabrication, assembly and packaging processes, based on our design and technology requirements and under our quality control specifications and final inspection process.

We have developed advanced capabilities and proprietary know-how in:

•reusing sapphire substrate in subsequent production runs;

•optimizing our epitaxial growth processes to create layers that efficiently convert electrical current into light;

•employing a copper alloy base manufacturing technology to improve our chip’s thermal and electrical performance;

•utilizing nanoscale surface engineering to improve usable light extraction;

•manufacturing extremely small footprint LEDs with optimized yield, ideal for Mini LED applications;

•developing a LED structure that generally consists of multiple epitaxial layers which are vertically-stacked on top of a copper alloy base;

•developing low cost Chip Scaled Packaging (CSP) technology; and

•developing multi-pixel Mini LED packages for commercial displays.

These technical capabilities enable us to produce LED chips, LED component, LED modules and System products. We believe these capabilities and know-how should also allow us to reduce our manufacturing costs and our dependence on sapphire, a costly raw material used in the production of sapphire-based LED devices.

We were incorporated in the State of Delaware on January 4, 2005. We are a holding company for two wholly and majority owned subsidiaries. SemiLEDs Optoelectronics Co., Ltd., or Taiwan SemiLEDs, is our wholly owned operating subsidiary, where a substantial portion of our assets are held and located, where a portion of our research, development, manufacturing and sales activities take place. Taiwan SemiLEDs owns an approximately 97.37% equity interest in Taiwan Bandaoti Zhaoming Co., Ltd., formerly known as Silicon Base Development, Inc., which is engaged in the research, development, manufacture, and substantial portion of marketing and sale of LED products, including lighting fixtures and systems, and where most of our employees are based.

Key Factors Affecting Our Financial Condition, Results of Operations and Business

The following are key factors that we believe affect our financial condition, results of operations and business:

•Our ability to raise additional debt, sell additional equity securities and improve our liquidity. We need to improve our liquidity, access alternative sources of funding and obtain additional equity capital or credit when necessary for our operations. In July 2021, we established an at-the-market equity program ("ATM") that allows us from time to time to sell up to the greater of $20 million of shares of our common stock, or the aggregate market value of common stock sold by us in the prior 12 months which is no more than one-third of the aggregate market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates. During fiscal 2022, we sold 286,328 shares of our common stock pursuant to the ATM program for net proceeds of $964,473. However, we may not be able to obtain new debt funding or sell additional equity securities on terms that are favorable to us, or at all. The raising of additional debt funding by us, if required and available, would result in increased debt service obligations and could result in additional operating and financing covenants, or liens on our assets, that would restrict our operations. The sale of additional equity securities, if required and available, could result in dilution to our stockholders.

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•Our ability to get chips from other chip suppliers. Our reliance on our chip suppliers exposes us to a number of significant risks, including reduced control over delivery schedules, quality assurance and production costs, lack of guaranteed production capacity or product supply. If our chip suppliers are unable or unwilling to continue to supply our chips at requested quality, quantity, performance and costs, or in a timely manner, our business and reputation could be seriously harmed. Our inability to procure chips from other chip suppliers at the desired quality, quantity, performance and cost might result in unforeseen manufacturing and operations problems. In such events, our customer relationships, business, financial condition and results of operations would be adversely affected.

•Industry growth and demand for products and applications using LEDs. The overall adoption of LED lighting devices to replace traditional lighting sources is expected to influence the growth and demand for LED chips and component products and impact our financial performance. We believe the potential market for LED lighting will continue to expand. LEDs for efficient generation of UV light are also starting to gain attention for various medical, germicidal and industrial applications. Since a substantial portion of our LED chips, LED components and our lighting products are used by end- users in general lighting applications and specialty industrial applications such as UV curing, medical/cosmetic, counterfeit detection, horticulture, architectural lighting and entertainment lighting the adoption of LEDs into these applications should have a strong impact on the demand of LED chips generally and, as a result, for our LED chips, LED components and LED lighting products.

•Average selling price of our products. The average selling price of our products may decline for a variety of factors, including prices charged by our competitors, the efficacy of our products, our cost basis, changes in our product mix, the size of the order and our relationship with the relevant customer, as well as general market and economic conditions. Competition in the markets for LED products is intense, and we expect that competition will continue to increase, thereby creating a highly aggressive pricing environment. For example, some of our competitors have in the past reduced their average selling prices, and the resulting competitive pricing pressures have caused us to similarly reduce our prices, accelerating the decline in our revenues and the gross margin of our products. When prices decline, we must also write down the value of our inventory. Furthermore, the average selling prices for our LED products have typically decreased over product life cycles. Therefore, our ability to continue to innovate and offer competitive products that meet our customers’ specifications and pricing requirements, such as higher efficacy LED products at lower costs, will have a material influence on our ability to improve our revenues and product margins, although in the near term the introduction of such higher performance LED products may further reduce the selling prices of our existing products or render them obsolete.

•Changes in our product mix. We anticipate that our gross margins will continue to fluctuate from period to period as a result of the mix of products that we sell and the utilization of our manufacturing capacity in any given period, among other things. For example, we continue to pursue opportunities for profitable growth in areas of our business where we see the best opportunity to develop as an end-to-end LED module solution supplier by providing our customers with high quality, flexible and more complete LED system solution, customer technical support and LED module/system design, as opposed to just providing customers with individual components. As a strategic plan, we have placed greater emphasis on the sales of LED components rather than the sales of LED chips where we have been forced to cut prices on older inventory. Steady growth of the module product and the continued commercial sales of our UV LED product are expected to improve our gross margin, operating results and cash flows. In addition, we have adjusted the lower-priced LED components strategy as appropriate. We have adopted a strategy to adjust our product mix by exiting certain high volume but low unit selling price product lines in response to the general trend of lower average selling prices for products that have been available in the market for some time. However, as we expand and diversify our product offerings and with varying average selling prices, or execute new business initiatives, a change in the mix of products that we sell in any given period may increase volatility in our revenues and gross margin from period to period.

•Our ability to reduce cost to offset lower average selling prices. Competitors may reduce average selling prices faster than our ability to reduce costs, and competitive pricing pressures may accelerate the rate of decline of our average selling prices. To address increased pricing pressure, we have improved and increased our production yields to reduce the per-unit cost of production of our products. However, such cost savings currently have limited impact on our gross profit, as we currently suffer from the underutilization of manufacturing capacity and must absorb a high level of fixed costs, such as depreciation. While we intend to focus on managing our costs and expenses, over the long term we expect to be required to invest substantially in LED component products development and production equipment if we are to grow.

•Our ability to continue to innovate. As part of our growth strategy, we plan to continue to be innovative in product design, to deliver new products and to improve our manufacturing efficiencies. Our continued success depends on our ability to develop and introduce new, technologically advanced and lower cost products, such as more efficient, better performance LED component products. If we are unable to introduce new products that are commercially viable and meet rapidly evolving customer requirements or keep pace with evolving technological standards and market developments or are otherwise unable to execute our product innovation strategy effectively, we may not be able to take advantage of market

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opportunities as they arise, execute our business plan or be able to compete effectively. To differentiate ourselves from other LED package manufacturers, we are putting more resources towards module and system design. Along with our technical know-how in the chip and package sectors, we are able to further integrate electrical, thermal and mechanical manufacturing resources to provide customers with one-stop system services. Services include design, prototyping, OEM and ODM. Key markets that we intend to target at the system end include different types of UV LED industrial printers, aquarium lighting, medical applications, niche imaging light engines, horticultural lighting and high standard commercial lighting. The modules are designed for various printing, curing, and PCB exposure industrial equipment, providing uncompromised reliability and optical output. Our LED components include different sizes and wattage to accommodate different demands in the LED market.

•General economic conditions and geographic concentration. Many countries including the United States and the European Union (the “E.U.”) members have instituted, or have announced plans to institute, government regulations and programs designed to encourage or mandate increased energy efficiency in lighting. These actions include in certain cases banning the sale after specified dates of certain forms of incandescent lighting, which are advancing the adoption of more energy efficient lighting solutions such as LEDs. When the global economy slows or a financial crisis occurs, consumer and government confidence declines, with levels of government grants and subsidies for LED adoption and consumer spending likely to be adversely impacted. Our revenues have been concentrated in a few select markets, including the United States, Japan, Netherlands and Taiwan. Given that we are operating in a rapidly changing industry, our sales in specific markets may fluctuate from quarter to quarter. Therefore, our financial results will be impacted by general economic and political conditions in such markets. For example, the aggressive support by the Chinese government for the LED industry through significant government incentives and subsidies to encourage the use of LED lighting and to establish the LED ‑ sector companies has resulted in production overcapacity in the market and intense competition. Furthermore, due to Chinese package manufacturers increasing usage of domestic LED chips, prices are increasingly competitive, leading to Chinese manufacturers growing market share in the global LED industry. In addition, we have historically derived a significant portion of our revenues from a limited number of customers. Some of our largest customers and what we produce/have produced for them have changed from quarter to quarter primarily as a result of the timing of discrete, large project‑based purchases and broadening customer base, among other things. For the three and the nine months ended May 31, 2023, sales to our three largest customers, in the aggregate, accounted for 60% and 56% of our revenues, respectively. Revlon, our largest customer in fiscal 2022, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in June 2022, which resulted in a write off receivable of $126 thousand for the year ended August 31, 2022. If Revlon is not able to reorganize its business successfully, our revenue and financial results could be adversely impacted.

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•Intellectual property issues. Competitors of ours and other third parties have in the past and will likely from time to time in the future allege that our products infringe on their intellectual property rights. Defending against any intellectual property infringement claims would likely result in costly litigation and ultimately may lead to our not being able to manufacture, use or sell products found to be infringing. However, other third parties may also assert infringement claims against our customers with respect to our products, or our customers’ products that incorporate our technologies or products. Any such legal action or the threat of legal action against us, or our customers, could impair such customers’ continued demand for our products. This could prevent us from growing or even maintaining our revenues, or cause us to incur additional costs and expenses, and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

•Cash position. Our cash and cash equivalents were $3.0 million for both May 31, 2023 and 2022. We have implemented actions to accelerate operating cost reductions and improve operational efficiencies. The plan is further enhanced through the fabless business model in which we implemented certain workforce reductions and are exploring the opportunities to sell certain equipment related to the manufacturing of vertical LED chips, in order to reduce the idle capacity charges and minimize our research and development activities associated with chips manufacturing operation. In December 2019, we issued convertible unsecured promissory notes with a principal sum of $2 million, of which $600 thousand of convertible notes were converted into 200 thousand shares with conversion price of $3.00 per share of common stock in May 2020. On May 26, 2021 the Notes were extended with the same terms and interest rate for one year and matured on May 30, 2022. On May 26, 2022, the Notes were second extended with the same terms and interest rate for one year and matured on May 30, 2023. On June 6, 2023, the Notes were third extended to the maturity date from May 30, 2023 to May 30, 2024 with the conversion price changed from $3.00 to $2.046 per share. All other terms and conditions of the Notes remain the same. As of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022, the outstanding principal of these notes totaled $1.4 million. Based on our current financial projections, we believe that we will have sufficient sources of liquidity to fund our operations and capital expenditure plans for the next 12 months.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

We believe that the application of the following accounting policies, which are important to our financial position and results of operations, require significant judgments and estimates on the part of management. For a summary of our significant accounting policies, including the accounting policies discussed below, see Item 1 to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes the amount of revenue when the Company satisfies a performance obligation to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The Company obtains written purchase authorizations from its customers as evidence of an arrangement and these authorizations generally provide for a specified amount of product at a fixed price. Generally, the Company considers delivery to have occurred at the time of shipment as this is generally when title and risk of loss for the products will pass to the customer. The Company provides its customers with limited rights of return for non-conforming shipments and product warranty claims. Based on historical return percentages, which have not been material to date, and other relevant factors, the Company estimates its potential future exposure on recorded product sales, which reduces product revenues in the consolidated statements of operations and reduces accounts receivable in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company also provides standard product warranties on its products, which generally range from three months to two years. Management estimates the Company’s warranty obligations as a percentage of revenues, based on historical knowledge of warranty costs and other relevant factors. To date, the related estimated warranty provisions have been insignificant. Refer to Note 2 to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for our revenue recognition policies.

Accounts Receivable

The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on management’s assessment of the collectability of customer accounts. Management regularly reviews the allowance by considering certain factors such as historical experience, industry data, credit quality, age of accounts receivable balances and current economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay. No bad debt expenses were recognized during the three and nine months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022.

Write-down of Inventories

The Company writes down excess and obsolete inventory to its estimated net realizable value. The net realized value of inventories is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion and disposal. The estimation of net realized value is based on current market conditions and historical experience with product sales of similar nature. Changes in market conditions may have a material impact on the estimation of the net realizable value. For finished goods and work in process, if the

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estimated net realizable value for an inventory item, which is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predicable costs to completion and disposal, is lower than its cost, the specific inventory item is written down to its estimated net realizable value. Net realizable value for raw materials is based on replacement cost. Provisions for inventory write downs are included in cost of revenues in the consolidated statements of operations. Once written down, inventories are carried at this lower cost basis until sold or scrapped. Inventory write‑downs to estimated net realizable values were $97 thousand and $176 thousand for the three months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Inventory write‑downs to estimated net realizable values were $471 thousand and $592 thousand for the nine months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Exchange Rate Information

We are a Delaware corporation and, under SEC requirements, must report our financial position, results of operations and cash flows in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or U.S. GAAP. At the same time, our subsidiaries use the local currency as their functional currency. For example, the functional currency for Taiwan SemiLEDs is the NT dollar. The assets and liabilities of the subsidiaries are, therefore, translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect at each balance sheet date, and income and expense accounts are translated at average exchange rates during the period. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded to a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within equity. Any gains and losses from transactions denominated in currencies other than their functional currencies are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations as a separate component of other income (expense). Due to exchange rate fluctuations, such translated amounts may vary from quarter to quarter even in circumstances where such amounts have not materially changed when denominated in their functional currencies.

The translations from NT dollars to U.S. dollars were made at the exchange rates as set forth in the statistical release of the Bank of Taiwan. On May 31, 2023, the exchange rate was 30.75 NT dollars to one U.S. dollar. On June 30, 2023, the exchange rate was 30.82 NT dollars to one U.S. dollar.

No representation is made that the NT dollar or U.S. dollar amounts referred to herein could have been or could be converted into U.S. dollars or NT dollars, as the case may be, at any particular rate or at all.

Results of Operations

Three Months Ended May 31, 2023 Compared to the Three Months Ended May 31, 2022

		Three Months Ended
		May 31, 2023					May 31, 2022
				% of					% of			Change			Change
		$		Revenues			$		Revenues			$			%
	(in thousands)
LED chips		$	35		2	%	$	57		3	%	$	(22	)		(39	)	%
LED components			1,080		64	%		1,205		68	%		(125	)		(10	)	%
Lighting products			96		6	%		158		9	%		(62	)		(39	)	%
Other revenues(1)			468		28	%		364		20	%		104			29		%
Total revenues, net			1,679		100	%		1,784		100	%		(105	)		(6	)	%
Cost of revenues			1,438		86	%		1,448		81	%		(10	)		(1	)	%
Gross profit		$	241		14	%	$	336		19	%	$	(95	)		(28	)	%

(1) Other includes primarily revenues attributable to the sale of epitaxial wafers, scraps and raw materials, the provision of services and a joint development project with CrayoNano AS.

Revenues, net

Our revenues decreased by 6% to $1.7 million for the three months ended May 31, 2023 from $1.8 million for the three months ended May 31, 2022. The decrease in revenues was driven primarily by a $125 thousand decrease in sales of LED components, a $22 thousand decrease in sales of LED chips and a $62 thousand decrease in lighting products, offset in part by a $104 thousand increase in other revenues.

Revenues attributable to the sales of our LED chips were $35 thousand and $57 thousand, representing 2% and 3%, respectively, of our revenues for the three months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022. The decrease was primarily due to less volumes sold for the LED chips. We have adopted a strategy to adjust our product mix by exiting certain high volume but low unit selling price product lines in response to the general trend of lower average selling prices for products that have been available in the market for some time and to focus on profitable products.

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Revenues attributable to the sales of our LED components were $1,080 thousand and $1,205 thousand, representing 64% and 68%, respectively, of our revenues for the three months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022. Revenues attributable to sales of LED components were lower for the three months ended May 31, 2023 primarily due to less volumes sold.

Revenues attributable to the sales of lighting products represented 6% and 9% of our revenues for the three months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Revenues attributable to the sales of lighting products were lower for the three months ended May 31, 2023 primarily due to lower in demand for LED lighting products.

Revenues attributable to other revenues represented 28% and 20% of our revenues for the three months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase in revenues attributable to other revenues was primarily due to a service charge to CrayoNano AS in the three months ended May 31, 2023.

Cost of Revenues

Our cost of revenues was $1.4 million for both the three months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022. The slight decrease in cost of revenues was due to the decrease in the volume of products sold.

Gross Profit

Our gross profit decreased from $336 thousand for the three months ended May 31, 2022 to $241 thousand for the three months ended May 31, 2023. Our gross margin percentage decreased from 19% for the three months ended May 31, 2022 to 14% for the three months ended May 31, 2023 as a consequence of a decrease in the sales of products with higher margins.

Operating Expenses

	Three Months Ended
	May 31, 2023					May 31, 2022
			% of						% of				Change		Change
	$		Revenues			$			Revenues				$		%
	(in thousands)
Research and development	$	372		22	%	$	357			20		%	$	15		4		%
Selling, general and administrative		850		51	%		810			45		%		40		5		%
Gain on disposals of long-lived assets, net		—		—	%		(57	)		(3	)	%		57		(100	)	%
Total operating expenses	$	1,222		73	%	$	1,110			62		%	$	112		10		%

Research and development Our research and development expenses were $372 thousand and $357 thousand for the three months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase was primary due to a $55 thousand increase in materials and supplies, partially offset by a $32 thousand decrease in payroll and compensation and a $4 thousand decrease in professional service fees.

Selling, general and administrative Our selling, general and administrative expenses increased from $810 thousand for the three months ended May 31, 2022 to $850 thousand for the three months ended May 31, 2023. The increase was mainly attributable to an increase in stock-based compensation and professional service fees offset by various other expenses.

Gain on disposal of long-lived assets, net We recognized a net gain of $0 thousand and $57 thousand on the disposal of long-lived assets for the three months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022. Due to the excess capacity charges that we have experienced for the last few years, considering the risk of technological obsolescence and according to the production plan built based on our sales forecast, we disposed of certain items of our idle equipment during the three months ended May 31, 2022.

Other Income (Expenses)

	Three Months Ended
	May 31, 2023							May 31, 2022
				% of							% of
	$			Revenues				$			Revenues
	(in thousands)
Interest expenses, net		(67	)		(4	)	%		(94	)		(5	)	%
Other income, net		295			18		%		264			15		%
Foreign currency transaction loss, net		(3	)		—		%		(307	)		(17	)	%
Total other income (expenses), net	$	225			14		%	$	(137	)		(7	)	%

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Interest expenses, net Interest expenses, net primarily consisted of accrued interest payment on convertible notes, NT dollar denominated long-term notes and $3.2 million of loans with our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and our largest shareholder. The decrease in interest expenses, net was primarily due to higher interest income for the three months ended May 31, 2023.

Other income, net Other income, net which primarily consisted of the rental income, was $295 thousand and $264 thousand for the three months ended May 31, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively.

Foreign currency transaction loss, net We recognized a net foreign currency transaction loss of $3 thousand and $307 thousand for the three months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, primarily due to the appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the NT dollar from bank deposits and accounts payables.

Income Tax Expense

Our effective tax rate is expected to be approximately zero for fiscal 2023 and was zero for fiscal 2022, since Taiwan SemiLEDs incurred losses, and because we provided a full valuation allowance on all deferred tax assets, which consisted primarily of net operating loss carryforwards and foreign investment loss.

Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests

	Three Months Ended
	May 31, 2023					May 31, 2022
			% of					% of
	$		Revenues			$		Revenues
	(in thousands)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	$	—		—	%	$	5		1	%

We recognized net income attributable to non-controlling interests of $0 and $5 thousand for the three months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which was attributable to the share of the net losses of Taiwan Bandaoti Zhaoming Co., Ltd. held by the non-controlling holders. Non-controlling interests represented 2.63% equity interest in Taiwan Bandaoti Zhaoming Co., Ltd., for both May 31, 2023 and 2022.

Nine months Ended May 31, 2023 Compared to the Nine months Ended May 31, 2022

		Nine Months Ended
		May 31, 2023					May 31, 2022
				% of					% of			Change			Change
		$		Revenues			$		Revenues			$			%
	(in thousands)
LED chips		$	106		2	%	$	153		2	%	$	(47	)		(31	)	%
LED components			2,295		51	%		3,896		72	%		(1,601	)		(41	)	%
Lighting products			307		7	%		385		7	%		(78	)		(20	)	%
Other revenues(1)			1,818		40	%		991		18	%		827			83		%
Total revenues, net			4,526		100	%		5,425		100	%		(899	)		(17	)	%
Cost of revenues			3,560		79	%		4,363		80	%		(803	)		(18	)	%
Gross profit		$	966		21	%	$	1,062		20	%	$	(96	)		(9	)	%

(1) Other includes primarily revenues attributable to the sale of epitaxial wafers, scraps and raw materials, the provision of services and a joint development project with CrayoNano AS.

Revenues, net

Our revenues decreased by 16% from $5.4 million for the nine months ended May 31, 2022 to $4.5 million for the nine months ended May 31, 2023. The $899 thousand decrease in revenues reflects a $1.6 million decrease in sales of LED components, a $78 thousand decrease in revenues attributable to sales of lighting products and a $47 thousand decrease in sales of LED chips, offset by a $827 thousand increase in revenues attributable to other revenues.

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Revenues attributable to the sales of our LED chips were $106 thousand and $153 thousand, representing 2% of our revenues for both nine months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022. The slight decrease in revenues attributable to sales of LED chips was a result of a decrease in the volume of LED chips sold.

Revenues attributable to the sales of our LED components were $2.3 million and $3.9 million, representing 51% and 72% of our revenues for the nine months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The decrease in revenues attributable to sales of LED components was primarily due to less volumes sold.

Revenues attributable to the sales of lighting products were $307 thousand and $385 thousand, representing 7% of our revenues for both nine months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022. Revenues attributable to the sales of lighting products were $78 thousand lower for the nine months ended May 31, 2023 primarily due to less demand for the lighting products sold.

Revenues attributable to other revenues represented 40% and 18% of our revenues for the nine months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase in revenues attributable to other revenues was primarily due to the non-recurring sale of raw materials and a joint development project with CrayoNano AS beginning in January 2022.

Cost of Revenues

Our cost of revenues decreased by 18% from $4.4 million for the nine months ended May 31, 2022 to $3.6 million for the nine months ended May 31, 2023. The decrease in cost of revenues was primarily due to the decrease in the volume of products sold.

Gross Profit

Our gross profit decreased from $1.1 million for the nine months ended May 31, 2022 to $966 thousand for the nine months ended May 31, 2023. Our gross margin percentage was 21% for the nine months ended May 31, 2023, as compared to 20% for the nine months ended May 31, 2022 as a consequence of an increase in the sales of products with higher margins.

Operating Expenses

	Nine Months Ended
	May 31, 2023					May 31, 2022
			% of						% of				Change			Change
	$		Revenues			$			Revenues				$			%
	(in thousands)
Research and development	$	1,032		23	%	$	1,056			19		%	$	(24	)		(2	)	%
Selling, general and administrative		2,271		50	%		2,333			43		%		(62	)		(3	)	%
Gain on disposals of long-lived assets, net		—		—	%		(196	)		(4	)	%		196			(100	)	%
Total operating expenses	$	3,303		73	%	$	3,193			58		%	$	110			3		%

Research and development Our research and development expenses were $1.0 million and $1.1 million for the nine months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The decrease was primary due to a $35 thousand decrease in payroll and compensation, an $18 thousand decrease in professional service fees and a $22 thousand decrease in depreciation and amortization offset by a $58 thousand increase in material and supplies.

Selling, general and administrative Our selling, general and administrative expenses were $2.3 million for both nine months ended May 31, 2023 and May 31, 2022. The slight decrease was mainly attributable to a $175 thousand decrease in other expenses offset partially by a $69 thousand increase in payroll and compensation and $30 thousand increase in professional service fees.

Gain on disposal of long-lived assets, net

We recognized a net gain of $0 and $196 thousand on the disposal of long-lived assets for the nine months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Due to the excess capacity charges that we have experienced for the last few years, considering the risk of technological obsolescence and according to the production plan built based on our sales forecast, we disposed of certain items of our idle equipment in the nine months ended May 31, 2022.

26

Other Income (Expenses)

	Nine Months Ended
	May 31, 2023							May 31, 2022
				% of							% of
	$			Revenues				$			Revenues
	(in thousands)
Interest expenses, net		(219	)		(5	)	%		(277	)		(5	)	%
Other income, net		766			17		%		1,215			22		%
Foreign currency transaction loss, net		(20	)		—		%		(395	)		(7	)	%
Total other income, net	$	527			12		%	$	543			10		%

Interest expenses, net Interest expenses, net primarily consisted of accrued interest payment of convertible notes, NT dollar denominated long-term notes and $3.2 million of loans with our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and our largest shareholders. The decrease in interest expense, net was primarily due to higher interest income for the nine months ended May 31, 2023.

Other income, net Other income, net decreased from $1.2 million for the nine months ended May 31, 2022, to $766 thousand for the nine months ended May 31, 2023, primarily due to rental income and payments received under the new Patent Cross-License Agreement with CrayoNano AS for the nine months ended May 31, 2022.

Foreign currency transaction loss, net We recognized a net foreign currency transaction loss of $20 thousand and $395 thousand for the nine months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, primarily due to the appreciation on the U.S. dollar against the NT dollar from bank deposits and accounts payables.

Income Tax Expense

Our effective tax rate is expected to be approximately zero for fiscal 2023 and was zero for fiscal 2022, since Taiwan SemiLEDs incurred losses, and because we provided a full valuation allowance on all deferred tax assets, which consisted primarily of net operating loss carryforwards and foreign investment loss.

Net (Loss) Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests

	Nine Months Ended
	May 31, 2023						May 31, 2022
				% of					% of
	$			Revenues			$		Revenues
	(in thousands)
Net (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests	$	(1	)		—	%	$	18		—

We recognized net loss attributable to non-controlling interests of $1 thousand and net gain of $18 thousand for the nine months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which was attributable to the share of the net (loss) gain of Taiwan Bandaoti Zhaoming Co., Ltd. held by the remaining non-controlling holders. Non-controlling interests represented 2.63% equity interest in Taiwan Bandaoti Zhaoming Co., Ltd., for both May 31, 2023 and 2022.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

This section includes a discussion and analysis of our cash requirements, contingencies, sources and uses of cash, operations, working capital and long-term assets and liabilities.

Contingencies

We have several operating leases with third parties, primarily for land, plant and office spaces in Taiwan, including cancellable and noncancelable leases that expire at various dates between December 2024 and December 2040. See Note 5, "Commitments and Contingencies" in the notes to our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.

Sources and Uses of Cash

27

As of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022, we had cash and cash equivalents of $3.0 million and $4.3 million, respectively, which were predominately held in U.S. dollar denominated demand deposits and/or money market funds.

As of June 30, 2023, we had no available credit facility.

Long-term assets and liabilities

Our long-term assets consist primarily of property, plant and equipment, intangible assets, operating lease assets and investments in unconsolidated entities. Our manufacturing rationalization plans have included efforts to utilize our existing manufacturing assets and supply arrangements more efficiently. We believe that near-term access to additional manufacturing capacity, should it be required, could be readily obtained on reasonable terms through manufacturing agreements with third parties. We will continue to look for opportunities to make strategic manufacturing in the future for additional capacity.

Our long-term liabilities consist primarily of long-term debt and operating lease liabilities.

Our long-term debt, which consisted of NT dollar denominated long-term notes, convertible unsecured promissory notes, and loans from our Chairman and our largest shareholder, totaled $6.6 million and $6.9 million as of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022, respectively.

Our NT dollar denominated long-term notes, totaled $3.2 million of both May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022. These long-term notes consisted of two loans which we entered into on July 5, 2019, with aggregate amounts of $3.2 million (NT$100 million). The first loan originally for $2.0 million (NT$62 million) has an annual floating interest rate equal to the NTD base lending rate plus 1.565% (or 2.29% currently), and was exclusively used to repay the existing loans. The second loan originally for $1.2 million (NT$38 million) has an annual floating interest rate equal to the NTD base lending rate plus 1.945% (or 2.67% currently) and was used for operating capital. These loans are secured by an $81 thousand (NT$2.5 million) security deposit and a first priority security interest on the Company’s headquarters building.

•Starting from May 2021, the first note payable requires monthly payments of principal in the amount of $24 thousand plus interest over the 74-month term of the note with final payment to occur in July 2027 and, as of May 31, 2023, our outstanding balance on this note payable was approximately $1.2 million.

•Starting from May 2021, the second note payable requires monthly payments of principal in the amount of $15 thousand plus interest over the 74-month term of the note with final payment to occur in July 2027 and, as of May 31, 2023, our outstanding balance on this note payable was approximately $747 thousand.

Property, plant and equipment pledged as collateral for our notes payable were $2.5 million and $2.8 million as of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022, respectively.

On January 8, 2019, the Company entered into loan agreements with each of the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and the largest shareholder of the Company, with aggregate amounts of $1.7 million and $1.5 million, respectively, and an annual interest rate of both 8%. All proceeds of the loans were exclusively used to return the deposit to Formosa Epitaxy Incorporation in connection with the cancelled proposed sale of the Company’s headquarters building pursuant to the agreement dated December 15, 2015. The Company was required to repay the loans of $1.5 million on January 14, 2021 and $1.7 million on January 22, 2021, respectively. On January 16, 2021, the maturity date of these loans was extended with same terms and interest rate for one year to January 15, 2022, and on January 14, 2022, the maturity date of these loans was extended again with same terms and interest rate for one more year to January 15, 2023. On January 13, 2023, the maturity date of these loans was further extended with same terms and interest rate for one year to January 15, 2024. As of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022, the outstanding principal of these loans totaled $3.2 million. The loans are secured by a second priority security interest on the headquarters building of the Company.

28

On November 25, 2019 and on December 10, 2019, the Company issued convertible unsecured promissory notes (the “Notes”) to J.R. Simplot Company, its largest shareholder, and Trung Doan, its Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, (together, the “Holders”) with a principal sum of $1.5 million and $500 thousand, respectively, and an annual interest rate of 3.5%. Principal and accrued interest shall be due on demand by the Holders on and at any time after May 30, 2021. On February 7, 2020, J.R. Simplot Company assigned all of its right, title and interest in the Notes to Simplot Taiwan Inc. The outstanding principal and unpaid accrued interest of the Notes may be converted into the Company’s common stock based on a conversion price of $3.00 per share, at the option of the Holders any time from the date of the Notes. On May 25, 2020, each of the Holders converted $300,000 of the Notes into 100,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. On May 26, 2021, the Notes were extended with the same terms and interest rate for one year and a maturity date of May 30, 2022. On May 26, 2022, the Notes were second extended with the same terms and interest rate for one year and a maturity date of May 30, 2023. On June 6, 2023, the Company entered into the Third Amendment to Convertible Unsecured Promissory Notes ("Third Amendments") to amend the Notes to (i) extend the maturity date from May 30, 2023 to May 30, 2024, and (ii) change the conversion price from $3.00 to $2.046 per share. All other terms and conditions of the Notes remain the same. As of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022, the outstanding principal of these notes totaled $1.4 million.

Working Capital

We have incurred significant losses since inception, including net losses attributable to SemiLEDs stockholders of $756 thousand and $916 thousand during the three months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Net cash used in operating activities for the nine months ended May 31, 2023 was $645 thousand. As of May 31, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents of $3.0 million. We have undertaken actions to decrease losses incurred and implemented cost reduction programs in an effort to transform the Company into a profitable operation. In addition, we are planning to issue additional equity to our stockholders.

On July 6, 2021, we entered into a Sales Agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with Roth Capital Partners, LLC (the “Agent”). In accordance with the terms of the Sales Agreement, we may offer and sell, from time to time through the Agent, our common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to the greater of $20,000,000 or the aggregate market value of common stock sold by us in the prior 12 months which is no more than one-third of the aggregate market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates (the “Placement Shares”). Sales of the Placement Shares will be made on Nasdaq at market prices by any method permitted by law deemed to be an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act. We agreed to pay a commission to the Agent of 3.0% of the gross proceeds of the sale of the Placement Shares sold under the Agreement and reimburse the Agent for certain expenses. During the year ended August 31, 2022, we sold 286,328 shares of common stocks for gross proceeds of $995 thousand with $31 thousand paid as placement agent fees under our ATM program. As of May 31, 2023, we had not sold any shares under the ATM program in fiscal 2023. We may resume sales of Placement Shares after the issuance of the third quarter Form 10-Q.

We estimate that our cash requirements to service debt and contractual obligations in fiscal 2023 is approximately $5.1 million, which we expect to fund through the issuance of additional equity under the ATM program and through loan extensions. Based on our current financial projections and assuming the successful implementation of our liquidity plans, we believe that we will have sufficient sources of liquidity to fund our operations and capital expenditure plans for the next 12 months and beyond. The loans with each of our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and our largest shareholder are expected to be extended upon maturity. However, there can be no assurances that our planned activities will be successful in raising additional capital, reducing losses and preserving cash. If we are not able to generate positive cash flows from operations, we may need to consider alternative financing sources and seek additional funds through public or private equity financings or from other sources, or refinance our indebtedness, to support our working capital requirements or for other purposes. There can be no assurance that additional debt or equity financing will be available to us or that, if available, such financing will be available on terms favorable to us.

Cash Flows

The following summary of our cash flows for the periods indicated has been derived from our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements, which are included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report (in thousands):

	Nine Months Ended
	May 31, 2023			May 31, 2022
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(645	)	$	(1,863	)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	$	(228	)	$	107
Net cash used in financing activities	$	(354	)	$	(390	)

29

Cash Flows Used In Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities for the nine months ended May 31, 2023 and May 31, 2022 was $645 thousand and $1.9 million, respectively. The decrease in cash flows used in operating activities for the nine months ended May 31, 2023 was primary attributable to a $649 thousand increase of accounts receivable offset by $396 thousand decrease of accounts payable and $126 thousand decrease of accrued expenses and other current liabilities.

Cash Flows (Used In) Provided by Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended May 31, 2023 was $228 thousand, consisting primarily of $212 thousand related to the purchase of property, plant and equipment and $16 thousand in payments for development of intangible assets.

Net cash provided by investing activities for the nine months ended May 31, 2022 was $107 thousand, consisting primarily of $187 thousand of proceeds from the sales of machinery and equipment, offset in part by $69 thousand of purchases of property, plant and equipment and $11 thousand of payments for development of intangible assets.

Cash Flows Used In Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities for the nine months ended May 31, 2023 was $354 thousand, consisting primarily of $354 thousand of repayments on long-term debt.

Net cash used in financing activities for the nine months ended May 31, 2022 was $390 thousand, consisting primarily of $368 thousand of repayments on long-term debt and $23 thousand for acquisition of noncontrolling interest.

Capital Expenditures

We had capital expenditures of $212 thousand and $69 thousand for the nine months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Our capital expenditures consisted primarily of the purchases of machinery and equipment, construction in progress, prepayments for our manufacturing facilities and prepayments for equipment purchases. We expect to continue investing in capital expenditures in the future as we expand our business operations and invest in such expansion of our production capacity as we deem appropriate under market conditions and customer demand. However, in response to controlling capital costs and maintaining financial flexibility, our management continues to monitor prices and, consistent with its existing contractual commitments, may decrease further its activity level and capital expenditures as appropriate.

30

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Not applicable.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures

Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer, or CEO, and our chief financial officer, or CFO, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, as of May 31, 2023. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.

Based upon the aforementioned evaluation, our CEO and CFO have concluded that, as of May 31, 2023, our disclosure controls and procedures were designed at a reasonable assurance level and were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in internal control over financial reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended May 31, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

31

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Due to the complex technology required to compete successfully in the LED industry, participants in our industry are often engaged in significant intellectual property licensing arrangements, negotiations, disputes and litigation. We are directly or indirectly involved from time to time and may be named in various other claims or legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business or otherwise.

There was no material pending legal proceedings or claims as of May 31, 2023.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Except as set forth below, there are no material changes related to risk factors from the risk factors described in Item 1A “Risk Factors” in Part I of our 2022 Annual Report.

The market prices and trading volume of common stock have recently experienced, and may continue to experience, extreme volatility, which could cause purchasers of our securities to incur substantial losses.

The market prices and trading volume of our shares of common stock have recently experienced, and may continue to experience, extreme volatility, which could cause purchasers of our common stock to incur substantial losses. For example, during 2023 to date, the market price of our common stock has fluctuated from a low of $1.54 on December 28, 2022 to a high of $2.93 per share on May 25, 2023. During 2023 to date, daily trading volume ranged from approximately 800 to 8,272,400 shares.

We believe that the recent volatility and our current market prices reflect market and trading dynamics unrelated to our underlying business, or macro or industry fundamentals, and we do not know how long these dynamics will last. Under the circumstances, we caution you against investing in our common stock, unless you are prepared to incur the risk of losing all or a substantial portion of your investment.

Extreme fluctuations in the market price of our common stock may be the result of strong and substantially increased retail investor interest, including on social media and online forums. The market volatility and trading patterns we have experienced create several risks for investors, including the following:

•the market price of our common stock has experienced and may continue to experience rapid and substantial increases or decreases unrelated to our operating performance or prospects, or macro or industry fundamentals, and substantial increases may be significantly inconsistent with the risks and uncertainties that we continue to face;

•factors in the public trading market for our common stock include the sentiment of retail investors (including as may be expressed on financial trading and other social media sites and online forums), the direct access by retail investors to broadly available trading platforms, the amount and status of short interest in our securities, access to margin debt, trading in options and other derivatives on our common stock and any related hedging and other trading factors;

•our market capitalization, as implied by various trading prices, currently reflects valuations that diverge significantly from those seen prior to recent volatility, and to the extent these valuations reflect trading dynamics unrelated to our financial performance or prospects, purchasers of our common stock could incur substantial losses if there are declines in market prices driven by a return to earlier valuations;

•to the extent volatility in our common stock is caused, as has widely been reported, by a “short squeeze” in which coordinated trading activity causes a spike in the market price of our common stock as traders with a short position make market purchases to avoid or to mitigate potential losses, investors purchase at inflated prices unrelated to our financial performance or prospects, and may thereafter suffer substantial losses as prices decline once the level of short-covering purchases has abated; and

•if the market price of our common stock declines, you may be unable to resell your shares at or above the price at which you acquired them. We cannot assure you that the equity issuance of our common stock will not fluctuate or decline significantly in the future, in which case you could incur substantial losses.

32

We may continue to incur rapid and substantial increases or decreases in our stock price in the foreseeable future that may not coincide in timing with the disclosure of news or developments by or affecting us. Accordingly, the market price of our shares of common stock may fluctuate dramatically, and may decline rapidly, regardless of any developments in our business. Overall, there are various factors, many of which are beyond our control, that could negatively affect the market price of our common stock or result in fluctuations in the price or trading volume of our common stock, including:

•overall performance of the equity markets and the economy as a whole;

•changes in the financial projections we may provide to the public or our failure to meet these projections;

•in our growth rate relative to that of our competitors;

•changes in the anticipated future size or growth rate of our addressable markets;

•announcements of new products and services, technological updates or enhancements, or of acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital-raising activities or commitments, by us or by our competitors;

•additions or departures of board members, management or key personnel;

•failure of securities analysts to initiate or maintain coverage of us, changes in financial estimates by any securities analysts who follow our company or our failure to meet these estimates or the expectations of investors;

•rumors and market speculation involving us or other companies in our industry;

•research or reports that securities analysts or others publish about us or our business;

•new laws or regulations or new interpretations of existing laws or regulations applicable to our business;

•lawsuits threatened or filed against us or investigations by governmental authorities;

•other events or factors, including those resulting from war, incidents of terrorism, or responses to these events;

•health epidemics, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, influenza, and other highly communicable diseases; and

•sales of shares of our common stock by us or our stockholders.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Repurchases

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

33

Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit No.	Description
10.1	Third Amendment to Convertible Unsecured Promissory Note dated June 6, 2023 between SemiLEDs Corporation and Simplot Taiwan Inc. (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 6, 2023)
10.2	Third Amendment to Convertible Unsecured Promissory Note dated June 6, 2023 between SemiLEDs Corporation and Trung Doan (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 6, 2023)
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

34

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		SEMILEDS CORPORATION
		(Registrant)
Dated:	July 7, 2023	By:	/s/ Christopher Lee
		Name:	Christopher Lee
		Title:	Chief Financial Officer
			(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

35

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO EXCHANGE ACT RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302

OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Trung Tri Doan, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of SemiLEDs Corporation (the “Registrant”);

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The Registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a—15(e) and 15d—15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a—15(f) and 15d—15(f)) for the Registrant and have:

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the Registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonable likely to materially affect, the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the Registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Dated:	July 7, 2023	/s/ Trung Tri Doan
		Name: Trung Tri Doan
		Title: Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO EXCHANGE ACT RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302

OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Christopher Lee, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of SemiLEDs Corporation (the “Registrant”);

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The Registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a—15(e) and 15d—15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a—15(f) and 15d—15(f)) for the Registrant and have:

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the Registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonable likely to materially affect, the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the Registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Dated:	July 7, 2023	/s/ Christopher Lee
		Name: Christopher Lee
		Title: Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the accompanying Quarterly Report of SemiLEDs Corporation (the “Registrant”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended May 31, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as of the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Trung Tri Doan, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Registrant, hereby certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 that:

(1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Registrant.

Dated:	July 7, 2023	/s/ Trung Tri Doan
		Name: Trung Tri Doan
		Title: Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the accompanying Quarterly Report of SemiLEDs Corporation (the “Registrant”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended May 31, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as of the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Christopher Lee, Chief Financial Officer of the Registrant, hereby certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 that:

(1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Registrant.

Dated:	July 7, 2023	/s/ Christopher Lee
		Name: Christopher Lee
		Title: Chief Financial Officer

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
	May 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023
Cover [Abstract]
Entity Registrant Name	SemiLEDs Corp
Entity Central Index Key	0001333822
Trading Symbol	LEDS
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	May 31, 2023
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--08-31
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		4,915,282
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity File Number	001-34992
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	20-2735523
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Address, Address Line One	3F, No. 11 Ke Jung Rd
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Chu-Nan Site
Entity Address, City or Town	Miao-Li County
Entity Address, Country	TW
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	350
City Area Code	+886
Local Phone Number	37-586788
Entity Address, Address Line Three	Hsinchu Science Park, Chu-Nan 350
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, par value $0.0000056
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes

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Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	May 31, 2023	Aug. 31, 2022
CURRENT ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 3,041	$ 4,274
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	81	82
Accounts receivable (including related parties), net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $181 and $181 as of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022, respectively	981	880
Inventories	4,207	3,784
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	160	123
Total current assets	8,470	9,143
Property, plant and equipment, net	3,360	4,139
Operating lease right of use assets	1,456	1,578
Intangible assets, net	98	102
Investments in unconsolidated entities	913	922
Other assets	286	170
TOTAL ASSETS	14,583	16,054
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Current installments of long-term debt	5,072	5,063
Accounts payable	544	286
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	2,690	2,702
Other payable to related parties	1,298	1,061
Operating lease liabilities, current	144	143
Total current liabilities	9,748	9,255
Long-term debt, excluding current installments	1,493	1,866
Operating lease liabilities, less current portion	1,312	1,435
Total liabilities	12,553	12,556
Commitments and contingencies (Note 5)
SemiLEDs stockholders’ equity
Common stock, $0.0000056 par value -7,500 shares authorized; 4,915 shares and 4,832 shares issued and outstanding as of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022, respectively
Additional paid-in capital	184,092	183,711
Accumulated other comprehensive income	3,658	3,697
Accumulated deficit	(185,764)	(183,955)
Total SemiLEDs stockholders' equity	1,986	3,453
Noncontrolling interests	44	45
Total equity	2,030	3,498
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY	$ 14,583	$ 16,054

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Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	May 31, 2023	Aug. 31, 2022
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 180	$ 181
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0000056	$ 0.0000056
Common stock, shares authorized	7,500,000	7,500,000
Common stock, shares issued	4,915,000	4,832,000
Common stock, shares outstanding	4,915,000	4,832,000

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Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	May 31, 2023	May 31, 2022	May 31, 2023	May 31, 2022
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenues, net	$ 1,679	$ 1,784	$ 4,526	$ 5,425
Cost of revenues	1,438	1,448	3,560	4,363
Gross profit	241	336	966	1,062
Operating expenses:
Research and development	372	357	1,032	1,056
Selling, general and administrative	850	810	2,271	2,333
Gain on disposals of long-lived assets, net		(57)		(196)
Total operating expenses	1,222	1,110	3,303	3,193
Loss from operations	(981)	(774)	(2,337)	(2,131)
Other income (expenses):
Interest expenses, net	(67)	(94)	(219)	(277)
Other income, net	295	264	766	1,215
Foreign currency transaction loss, net	(3)	(307)	(20)	(395)
Total other income (expenses), net	225	(137)	527	543
Loss before income taxes	(756)	(911)	(1,810)	(1,588)
Net loss	(756)	(911)	(1,810)	(1,588)
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests		5	(1)	18
Net loss attributable to SemiLEDs stockholders	$ (756)	$ (916)	$ (1,809)	$ (1,606)
Net loss per share attributable to SemiLEDs stockholders:
Basic	$ (0.15)	$ (0.20)	$ (0.37)	$ (0.36)
Diluted	$ (0.15)	$ (0.20)	$ (0.37)	$ (0.36)
Shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to SemiLEDs stockholders:
Basic	4,897	4,517	4,866	4,488
Diluted	4,897	4,517	4,866	4,488

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Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	May 31, 2023	May 31, 2022	May 31, 2023	May 31, 2022
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (756)	$ (911)	$ (1,810)	$ (1,588)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax of $0 for all periods presented	(33)	115	(39)	149
Comprehensive loss	(789)	(796)	(1,849)	(1,439)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests		4	(1)	16
Comprehensive loss attributable to SemiLEDs stockholders	$ (789)	$ (800)	$ (1,848)	$ (1,455)

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Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	May 31, 2023	May 31, 2022	May 31, 2023	May 31, 2022
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Foreign currency translation adjustments tax	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

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Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income	Accumulated Deficit	Total SemiLEDs Shareholders' Equity	Non-Controlling Interests
BALANCE at Aug. 31, 2021	$ 4,626		$ 182,255	$ 3,543	$ (181,211)	$ 4,587	$ 39
BALANCE (in shares) at Aug. 31, 2021		4,460
Stock-based compensation	43		43			43
Comprehensive income (loss):
Other comprehensive income (loss)	8			9		9	(1)
Net loss	(525)				(518)	(518)	(7)
BALANCE at Nov. 30, 2021	4,152		182,298	3,552	(181,729)	4,121	31
BALANCE (in shares) at Nov. 30, 2021		4,460
BALANCE at Aug. 31, 2021	4,626		182,255	3,543	(181,211)	4,587	39
BALANCE (in shares) at Aug. 31, 2021		4,460
Comprehensive income (loss):
Other comprehensive income (loss)	149
Net loss	(1,588)
BALANCE at May. 31, 2022	3,494		182,569	3,694	(182,817)	3,446	48
BALANCE (in shares) at May. 31, 2022		4,530
BALANCE at Nov. 30, 2021	4,152		182,298	3,552	(181,729)	4,121	31
BALANCE (in shares) at Nov. 30, 2021		4,460
Issuance of common stock under equity incentive plans (in shares)		54
Stock-based compensation	154		154			154
Comprehensive income (loss):
Other comprehensive income (loss)	26			26		26
Net loss	(152)				(172)	(172)	20
BALANCE at Feb. 28, 2022	4,180		182,452	3,578	(181,901)	4,129	51
BALANCE (in shares) at Feb. 28, 2022		4,514
Issuance of common stock under equity incentive plans		$ 16
Stock-based compensation	132		132			132
Issuance of common stock in registered offering	1		1			1
Change ownership in SBDI*	(23)		(16)			(16)	(7)
Comprehensive income (loss):
Other comprehensive income (loss)	115			116		116	(1)
Net loss	(911)				(916)	(916)	5
BALANCE at May. 31, 2022	3,494		182,569	3,694	(182,817)	3,446	48
BALANCE (in shares) at May. 31, 2022		4,530
BALANCE at Aug. 31, 2022	3,498		183,711	3,697	(183,955)	3,453	45
BALANCE (in shares) at Aug. 31, 2022		4,832
Stock-based compensation	125		125			125
Stock-based compensation (in shares)		16
Comprehensive income (loss):
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(55)			(55)		(55)
Net loss	(509)				(512)	(512)	3
BALANCE at Nov. 30, 2022	3,059		183,836	3,642	(184,467)	3,011	48
BALANCE (in shares) at Nov. 30, 2022		4,848
BALANCE at Aug. 31, 2022	3,498		183,711	3,697	(183,955)	3,453	45
BALANCE (in shares) at Aug. 31, 2022		4,832
Comprehensive income (loss):
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(39)
Net loss	(1,810)
BALANCE at May. 31, 2023	2,030		184,092	3,658	(185,764)	1,986	44
BALANCE (in shares) at May. 31, 2023		4,915
BALANCE at Nov. 30, 2022	3,059		183,836	3,642	(184,467)	3,011	48
BALANCE (in shares) at Nov. 30, 2022		4,848
Stock-based compensation	115		115			115
Stock-based compensation (in shares)		44
Comprehensive income (loss):
Other comprehensive income (loss)	49			49		49
Net loss	(545)				(541)	(541)	(4)
BALANCE at Feb. 28, 2023	2,678		183,951	3,691	(185,008)	2,634	44
BALANCE (in shares) at Feb. 28, 2023		4,892
Stock-based compensation	141		141			141
Stock-based compensation (in shares)		23
Comprehensive income (loss):
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(33)			(33)		(33)
Net loss	(756)				(756)	(756)
BALANCE at May. 31, 2023	$ 2,030		$ 184,092	$ 3,658	$ (185,764)	$ 1,986	$ 44
BALANCE (in shares) at May. 31, 2023		4,915

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Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended				9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	May 31, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022	May 31, 2022	Nov. 30, 2021	May 31, 2023	May 31, 2022	Aug. 31, 2022	Aug. 31, 2021
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net loss	$ (756)	$ (509)	$ (911)	$ (525)	$ (1,810)	$ (1,588)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization					885	635
Stock-based compensation expense					381	329
Provisions for inventory write-downs	97		176		471	592
Gain on disposals of long-lived assets, net			(57)			(196)
Loss on disposals of patent					4	9
Changes in :
Accounts receivable					(81)	(597)
Inventories					(929)	(882)
Prepaid expenses and other					158	104
Accounts payable					253	(143)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities					23	(126)
Net cash used in operating activities					(645)	(1,863)	$ (1,500)	$ (1,700)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of property, plant and equipment					(212)	(69)
Proceeds from sales of property, plant and equipment						187
Payments for development of intangible assets					(16)	(11)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities					(228)	107
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Repayments of long-term debt					(354)	(368)
Issuance of common stock in registered offering						1
Acquisition of noncontrolling interests						(23)
Net cash used in financing activities					(354)	(390)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash					(8)	327
NET DECREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH					(1,235)	(1,819)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH—Beginning of period		$ 4,452		$ 5,028	4,452	5,028	5,028
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH—End of period	$ 3,217		$ 3,209		3,217	3,209	$ 4,452	$ 5,028
NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Accrual related to property, plant and equipment					$ 28	$ 56

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Business

9 Months Ended

May 31, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Business

1. Business

SemiLEDs Corporation (“SemiLEDs”) was incorporated in Delaware on January 4, 2005 and is a holding company for two wholly owned subsidiaries. SemiLEDs and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) develop, manufacture and sell high performance light emitting diodes (“LEDs”). The Company’s core products are LED components, as well as LED chips and lighting products. LED components have become the most important part of its business. A portion of the Company’s business consists of the sale of contract manufactured LED products. The Company’s customers are concentrated in a few select markets, including the United States, Japan, Taiwan and Netherlands.

As of May 31, 2023, SemiLEDs had two wholly owned subsidiaries. SemiLEDs Optoelectronics Co., Ltd., or Taiwan SemiLEDs, is the Company’s wholly owned operating subsidiary, where a substantial portion of the assets is held and located, and where a portion of our research, development, manufacturing and sales activities take place. Taiwan SemiLEDs owns a 97.37% equity interest in Taiwan Bandaoti Zhaoming Co., Ltd., formerly known as Silicon Base Development, Inc., which is engaged in the research, development, manufacturing and a substantial portion of marketing and sale of LED components, and where most of the Company’s employees are based.

SemiLEDs’ common stock trades on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “LEDS”.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

May 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation —The Company’s unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and applicable provisions of the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Certain information and disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted as permitted by the rules and regulations of the SEC. Accordingly, these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 8, 2022. The unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of August 31, 2022 included herein was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of that date.

The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements and include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of May 31, 2023, the statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022, the statement of changes in equity for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022, and the statements of cash flows for the nine months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022. The results for the three or nine months ended May 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending August 31, 2023.

Going Concern —The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business are dependent on, among other things, the Company’s ability to operate profitably, to generate cash flows from operations, and to pursue financing arrangements to support its working capital requirements.

The Company suffered losses from operations of $3.2 million and $3.9 million, and net cash used in operating activities of $1.5 million and $1.7 million for the years ended August 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. These facts and conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, even though gross profit on product sales was $1.4 million for the year ended August 31, 2022 compared to $1.0 million for the year ended August 31, 2021. Loss from operations for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2023 was $981 thousand and $2.3 million, respectively. Net cash used in operating activities for the nine months ended May 31, 2023 was $645 thousand. Moreover, at May 31, 2023, the Company’s cash and cash equivalents had decreased to $3.0 million. Management believes that it has developed a liquidity plan, as summarized below, that, if executed successfully, should provide sufficient liquidity to meet the Company’s obligations as they become due for a reasonable period of time, and allow the development of its core business.

•Gaining positive cash-inflow from operating activities through continuous cost reductions and the sales of new higher margin products. Steady growth of module products and the continued commercial sales of its UV LED product are expected to improve the Company’s future gross margin, operating results and cash flows. The Company is targeting niche markets and focusing on product enhancement and developing its LED product into many other applications or devices.

•Continuing to monitor prices, work with current and potential vendors to decrease costs and, consistent with its existing contractual commitments, may possibly decrease its activity level and capital expenditures further. This plan reflects its strategy of controlling capital costs and maintaining financial flexibility.

•Raising additional cash through potential equity offerings, including sales through an at-the-market, or ATM, program, sales of assets and/or issuance of debt as considered necessary and looking at other potential business opportunities.

While the Company’s management believes that the measures described in the above liquidity plan will be adequate to satisfy its liquidity requirements for the twelve months after the date that the financial statements are issued, there is no assurance that the liquidity plan will be successfully implemented. Failure to successfully implement the liquidity plan may have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations and financial position, and may adversely affect its ability to continue as a going concern. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments related to the recoverability and classification of recorded assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities or any other adjustments that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

Restricted Cash Equivalents —Restricted cash primarily consists of cash held in reserved bank accounts in Taiwan. As of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022, the Company’s restricted cash equivalents at current portion amounted $81 thousand and $82 thousand, respectively. As of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022, the Company’s restricted cash at noncurrent portion, which was recorded as other assets, amounted to $95 thousand and $96 thousand, respectively.

Revenue Recognition —Effective September 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC 606 using the modified retrospective transition method. The Company applied the following five steps to achieve the core principles of ASC 606: 1) identified the contract with a customer; 2) identified the performance obligations (promises) in the contract; 3) determined the transaction price; 4) allocated the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and 5) recognized revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The Company recognizes the amount of revenue when the Company satisfies a performance obligation to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The Company obtains written purchase authorizations from its customers as evidence of an arrangement and these authorizations generally provide for a specified amount of product at a fixed price. Generally, the Company considers delivery to have occurred at the time of shipment as this is generally when title and risk of loss for the products will pass to the customer. The Company provides its customers with limited rights of return for non‑conforming shipments and product warranty claims. Based on historical return percentages, which have not been material to date, and other relevant factors, the Company estimates its potential future exposure on recorded product sales, which reduces product revenues in the consolidated statements of operations and reduces accounts receivable in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company also provides standard product warranties on its products, which generally range from three months to two years. Management estimates the Company’s warranty obligations as a percentage of revenues, based on historical knowledge of warranty costs and other relevant factors. To date, the related estimated warranty provisions have been insignificant.

Principles of Consolidation —The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of SemiLEDs and its consolidated subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated during consolidation.

On September 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC 825-10, “Financial Instruments- Overall: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities”. This standard allows equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values to be re-measured at fair value either upon the occurrence of an observable price change or upon identification of impairment. The standard also simplifies the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values by requiring assessment for impairment qualitatively at each reporting period.

Investments in which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence over the investee but not a controlling financial interest, are accounted for using the equity method of accounting and are not consolidated. These investments are in joint ventures that are not subject to consolidation under the variable interest model, and for which the Company: (i) does not have a majority voting interest that would allow it to control the investee, or (ii) has a majority voting interest but for which other shareholders have significant participating rights, but for which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies. Under the equity method, investments are stated at cost after adding or removing the Company’s portion of equity in undistributed earnings or losses, respectively. The Company’s investment in these equity‑method entities is reported in the consolidated balance sheets in investments in unconsolidated entities, and the Company’s share of the income or loss of these equity‑method entities, after the elimination of unrealized intercompany profits, is reported in the consolidated statements of operations in equity in losses from unconsolidated entities. When net losses from an equity‑method investee exceed its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the investment is reduced to zero. The Company then suspends using the equity method to provide for additional losses unless the Company has guaranteed obligations or is otherwise committed to provide further financial support to the equity‑method investee. The Company resumes accounting for the investment under the equity method if the investee subsequently returns to profitability and the Company’s share of the investee’s income exceeds its share of the cumulative losses that have not been previously recognized during the period the equity method is suspended.

Investments in entities that are not consolidated or accounted for under the equity method are recorded as investments without readily determinable fair values. Investments without readily determinable fair values are reported on the consolidated balance sheets in investments in unconsolidated entities, at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer. Dividend income, if any, received is reported in the consolidated statements of operations in equity in losses from unconsolidated entities.

If the fair value of an equity investment declines below its respective carrying amount and the decline is determined to be other‑than‑temporary, the investment will be written down to its fair value.

Use of Estimates —The preparation of unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements on the basis that the Company will continue as a going concern, the collectability of accounts receivable, inventory net realizable values, realization of deferred tax assets, valuation of stock-based compensation expense, the useful lives of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, the recoverability of the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and investments in unconsolidated entities, the fair value of acquired tangible and intangible assets, income tax uncertainties, provision for potential litigation costs and other contingencies. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and also on assumptions that it believes are reasonable. Management assesses these estimates on a regular basis; however, actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Certain Significant Risks and Uncertainties —The Company is subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could have a material and adverse effect on the Company’s future financial position or results of operations, which risks and uncertainties include, among others: it has incurred significant losses over the past years, any inability of the Company to compete in a rapidly evolving market and to respond quickly and effectively to changing market requirements, any inability of the Company to grow its revenue and/or maintain or increase its margins, it may experience fluctuations in its revenues and operating results, any inability of the Company to protect its intellectual property rights, claims by others that the Company infringes their proprietary technology, and any inability of the Company to raise additional funds in the future.

Concentration of Supply Risk —Some of the components and technologies used in the Company’s products are purchased and licensed from a limited number of sources and some of the Company’s products are produced by a limited number of contract manufacturers. The loss of any of these suppliers and contract manufacturers may cause the Company to incur transition costs to another supplier or contract manufacturer, result in delays in the manufacturing and delivery of the Company’s products, or cause it to carry excess or obsolete inventory. The Company relies on a limited number of such suppliers and contract manufacturers for the fulfillment of its customer orders. Any failure of such suppliers and contract manufacturers to perform could have an adverse effect upon the Company’s reputation and its ability to distribute its products or satisfy customers’ orders, which could adversely affect the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

Concentration of Credit Risk —Financial instruments that subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents and accounts receivable.

The Company keeps its cash and cash equivalents in demand deposits with prominent banks of high credit quality and invests only in money market funds. Deposits held with banks may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits. As of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022, cash and cash equivalents of the Company consisted of the following (in thousands):

	May 31,		August 31,
Cash and Cash Equivalents by Location	2023		2022
United States;
Denominated in U.S. dollars	$	181	$	2,215
Taiwan;
Denominated in U.S. dollars		2,768		1,447
Denominated in New Taiwan dollars		43		127
Denominated in other currencies		49		485
Total cash and cash equivalents	$	3,041	$	4,274

The Company’s revenues are substantially derived from the sales of LED products. A significant portion of the Company’s revenues are derived from a limited number of customers and sales are concentrated in a few select markets. Management performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and generally does not require collateral on accounts receivable. Management evaluates the need to establish an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated potential credit losses at each reporting period. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on the management’s assessment of the collectability of its customer accounts. Management regularly reviews the allowance by considering certain factors, such as historical experience, industry data, credit quality, ages of accounts receivable balances and current economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay.

Net revenues generated from sales to the top ten customers represented 90% and 91% of the Company’s net revenues for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2023, respectively, and 86% and 88% of the Company’s net revenues for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2022, respectively.

The Company’s revenues have been concentrated in a few select markets, including the United States, Japan, Netherlands and Taiwan. Net revenues generated from sales to customers in these markets, in the aggregate, accounted for 86% and 89% of the Company’s net revenues for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2023, respectively, and 81% and 80% of the Company’s net revenues for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2022, respectively.

Noncontrolling Interests —Noncontrolling interests are classified in the consolidated statements of operations as part of consolidated net income (loss) and the accumulated amount of noncontrolling interests in the consolidated balance sheets as part of equity. Changes in ownership interest in a consolidated subsidiary that do not result in a loss of control are accounted for as an equity transaction. If a change in ownership of a consolidated subsidiary results in loss of control and deconsolidation, any retained ownership interests are remeasured with the gain or loss reported in net earnings. On September 1, 2018, Taiwan Bandaoti Zhaoming Co., Ltd. (“SBDI”), the Company’s wholly owned operating subsidiary, issued 414,000 common shares and amended its certificate of incorporation to increase its common stock issued from 12,087,715 to 12,501,715 shares. As of the issuance date, the increased capital of $176 thousand (NT$5.4 million) has been completely received in cash by Taiwan Bandaoti Zhaoming Co., Ltd. The Company did not subscribe for any newly issued common shares, and, as a result, noncontrolling interest in the Company increased from zero to 3.31%. From January 2019 to September 2020, the Company purchased 33,000 common shares of SBDI from non-controlling shareholders. From March 2022 to May 2022, the Company purchased an additional 52,000 common shares of SBDI from non-controlling shareholders. Therefore, the noncontrolling interest in SBDI was down to 2.63% as of May 31, 2023.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt — Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity (“ASU 2020-06”). ASU 2020-06 simplifies the accounting for convertible debt by eliminating the beneficial conversion and cash conversion accounting models. Upon adoption of ASU 2020-06, convertible debt, unless issued with a substantial premium or an embedded conversion feature that is not clearly and closely related to the host contract, will no longer be allocated between debt and equity components. This modification will reduce the issue discount and result in less non-cash interest expense in financial statements. ASU 2020-06 also updates the earnings per share calculation and requires entities to assume share settlement when the convertible debt can be settled in cash or shares. For contracts in an entity’s own equity, the type of contracts primarily affected by ASU 2020-06 are freestanding and embedded features that are accounted for as derivatives under the current guidance due to a failure to meet the settlement assessment by removing the requirements to (i) consider whether the contract would be settled in registered shares, (ii) consider whether collateral is required to be posted, and (iii) assess shareholder rights. ASU 2020-06 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023. Early adoption is permitted, but only if adopted as of the beginning of such fiscal year. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the standard will have on its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt — Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation — Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging — Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options (“ASU 2021-04”). ASU 2021-04 provides guidance as to how an issuer should account for a modification of the terms or conditions or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option (i.e., a warrant) that remains classified after modification or exchange as an exchange of the original instrument for a new instrument. An issuer should measure the effect of a modification or exchange as the difference between the fair value of the modified or exchanged warrant and the fair value of that warrant immediately before modification or exchange and then apply a recognition model that comprises four categories of transactions and the corresponding accounting treatment for each category (equity issuance, debt origination, debt modification, and modifications unrelated to equity issuance and debt origination or modification). ASU 2021-04 was effective for fiscal years beginning September 1, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. An entity should apply the guidance provided in ASU 2021-04 prospectively to modifications or exchanges occurring on or after the effective date. The Company concluded that the standard has no material impact on its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Balance Sheet Components

9 Months Ended

May 31, 2023

Disclosure Text Block Supplement [Abstract]

Balance Sheet Components

3. Balance Sheet Components

Inventories

Inventories as of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022 consisted of the following (in thousands):

	May 31,		August 31,
	2023		2022
Raw materials	$	501	$	493
Work in process		1,249		953
Finished goods		2,457		2,338
Total	$	4,207	$	3,784

Inventory write-downs to estimated net realizable values were $97 thousand and $471 thousand for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2023, respectively, and $176 thousand and $592 thousand for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2022, respectively.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment as of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022 consisted of the following (in thousands):

	May 31,			August 31,
	2023			2022
Buildings and improvements	$	13,591		$	13,698
Machinery and equipment		27,442			27,649
Leasehold improvements		159			161
Other equipment		2,261			2,283
Construction in progress		105			81
Total property, plant and equipment		43,558			43,872
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(40,198	)		(39,733	)
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	3,360		$	4,139

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets as of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022 consisted of the following (in thousands):

	May 31, 2023
	Weighted
	Average		Gross				Net
	Amortization		Carrying		Accumulated		Carrying
	Period (Years)		Amount		Amortization		Amount
Patents and trademarks		15	$	581	$	483	$	98
Acquired technology		5		331		331		—
Total			$	912	$	814	$	98

	August 31, 2022
	Weighted
	Average		Gross				Net
	Amortization		Carrying		Accumulated		Carrying
	Period (Years)		Amount		Amortization		Amount
Patents and trademarks		15	$	580	$	478	$	102
Acquired technology		5		335		335		—
Total			$	915	$	813	$	102

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities as of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022 consisted of the following (in thousands):

	May 31,		August 31,
	2023		2022
Accrued compensation and benefits	$	1,772	$	1,678
Customer deposits		373		346
Accrued business expenses		149		176
Other (individually less than 5% of total accrued expenses and other current liabilities)		396		502
Total	$	2,690	$	2,702

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Investments in Unconsolidated Entities

9 Months Ended

May 31, 2023

Investments In Unconsolidated Entities Disclosure [Abstract]

Investments in Unconsolidated Entities

4. Investments in Unconsolidated Entities

The Company’s ownership interest and carrying amounts of investments in unconsolidated entities as of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022 consisted of the following (in thousands, except percentages):

	May 31, 2023			August 31, 2022
	Percentage			Percentage
	Ownership	Amount		Ownership	Amount
Equity method investments:
Equity investment without readily determinable fair value	Various	$	913	Various	$	922
Total investments in unconsolidated entities		$	913		$	922

There were no dividends received from unconsolidated entities through May 31, 2023.

Equity Investments without Readily Determinable Fair Value

Equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the Company) which do not have readily determinable fair values are recorded as equity investment without readily determinable fair value. All equity investments without readily determinable fair value are assessed for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable, and measured at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuers.

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Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

May 31, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

5. Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Lease Agreements —The Company has several operating leases with unrelated parties, primarily for land, plant and office spaces in Taiwan, which include cancelable and noncancelable leases which expire at various dates between December 2024 and December 2040. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; the Company recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For lease agreements entered into or reassessed after the adoption of Topic 842, the Company did not combine lease and non-lease components.

Most leases do not include options to renew. The exercise of lease renewal options has to be agreed by the lessors. The depreciable life of assets and leasehold improvements are limited by the term of leases, unless there is a transfer of title or purchase option reasonably certain of exercise. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Lease expense related to these noncancelable operating leases was $39 thousand and $125 thousand for three months and nine months ended May 31, 2023, respectively. Lease expense related to these noncancelable operating leases was $36 thousand and $120 thousand for three months and nine months ended May 31, 2022, respectively.

Balance sheet information related to the Company’s leases is presented below:

	May 31, 2022		August 31, 2022
Assets
Operating lease right of use assets	$	1,456	$	1,578
Liabilities
Operating lease liabilities, current portion	$	144	$	143
Operating lease liabilities, less current portion		1,312		1,435
Total	$	1,456	$	1,578

The following provides details of the Company’s lease expenses:

	Three Months Ended May 31,
	2023		2022
Operating lease expenses, net	$	39		36
	Nine Months Ended May 31,
	2023		2022
Operating lease expenses, net	$	125		120

Other information related to leases is presented below:

	Nine Months Ended May 31,
	2023			2022
Cash Paid for amounts Included In Measurement of Liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	125		$	120
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term:
Operating leases	15.98 years			16.72 years
Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases		1.76	%		1.76	%

As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its average borrowing rate from non-related parties of 1.76% based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments.

The aggregate future noncancelable minimum rental payments for the Company’s operating leases as of May 31, 2023 consisted of the following (in thousands):

	Operating
Years Ending August 31,	Leases
Remainder of 2023	$	42
2024		168
2025		127
2026		94
2027		94
Thereafter		1,142
Total future minimum lease payments, undiscounted		1,667
Less: Imputed interest		(211	)
Present value of future minimum lease payments	$	1,456

Purchase Obligations —The Company had purchase commitments for inventory, property, plant and equipment in the amount of $120 thousand and $121 thousand as of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022, respectively.

Litigation —The Company is directly or indirectly involved from time to time in various claims or legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company recognizes a liability when it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount is reasonably estimable. There is significant judgment required in assessing both the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome and whether the amount of loss, if any, can be reasonably estimated.

As of May 31 2023, there was no pending or threatened litigation that could have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

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Common Stock

9 Months Ended

May 31, 2023

Common Stock [Abstract]

Common Stock

6. Common Stock

On July 6, 2021, the Company entered into a Sales Agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with Roth Capital Partners, LLC (the “Agent”). In accordance with the terms of the Sales Agreement, the Company may offer and sell, from time to time through the Agent , the Company’s common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to the greater of $20,000,000, or the aggregate market value of common stock sold by the Company in the prior 12 months which is no more than one-third of the aggregate market value of the Company's common stock held by non-affiliates (the “Placement Shares”). Sales of the Placement Shares, if any, will be made on Nasdaq at market prices by any method permitted by law deemed to be an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The Company will pay a commission to the Agent of 3.0% of the gross proceeds of the sale of the Placement Shares sold under the Agreement and reimburse the Agent for certain expenses. During the year ended August 31, 2022, the Company sold 286,328 shares of the Company's common stock for gross proceeds of $995,099 before placement agent fees and bank fees of $30,626. No sales were made during the nine months ended May 31, 2023.

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Stock-based Compensation

9 Months Ended

May 31, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-based Compensation

7. Stock-based Compensation

The Company currently has one equity incentive plan (the “2010 Plan”), which provides for awards in the form of restricted shares, stock units, stock options or stock appreciation rights to the Company’s employees, officers, directors and consultants. In April 2014, SemiLEDs’ stockholders approved an amendment to the 2010 Plan that increased the number of shares authorized for issuance under the plan by an additional 250 thousand shares. On July 31, 2019, the stockholders approved an amendment to increase in the authorized share reserve under the 2010 plan by an additional 500 thousand shares, to extend the expiration of the 2010 Plan to November 2, 2023, to remove the IRS Code section 162(m) provisions, and to modify the maximum grant limit to 35 thousand shares to one person in a one year period. On September 25, 2020, the stockholders approved the amended 2010 Equity Incentive Plan to increase the authorized shares reserve by an additional 400 thousand shares. On March 17, 2023, the Board approved the amendment of the 2010 Plan to extend the term to March 17, 2033, which was approved by the Company's stockholders at the annual meeting held on May 18, 2023.

A total of 1,421 thousand and 1,421 thousand shares was reserved for issuance under the 2010 Plan, respectively, as of May 31, 2023 and 2022. As of May 31, 2023 and 2022, there were 674 thousand and 820 thousand shares of common stock available for future issuance under the equity incentive plans, respectively.

In April 2023, SemiLEDs granted 110.5 thousand restricted stock units to its employees, which will vest 12.5% every three months from the vesting commencement date of April 25, 2023 and will become fully vested upon a change in control. The grant-date fair value of the restricted stock units was $1.87 per unit.

In March 2023, SemiLEDs granted 20 thousand restricted stock units to its employee, which will vest 25% every anniversary starting from the vesting commencement date of March 8, 2023 and will become fully vested upon a change in control. The grant-date fair value of the restricted stock units was $2.30 per unit.

In November 2022, SemiLEDs granted 15 thousand restricted stock units to its directors that vest 25% every three months on February 7, 2023, May 7, 2023, August 7, 2023 and November 7, 2023. 100% of the unvested stock units was immediately vested on May 18, 2023, the date of the 2023 annual meeting. The grant-date fair value of the restricted stock units was $2.33 per unit.

In November 2021, SemiLEDs granted 15 thousand restricted stock units to its directors that vest in quarterly installments on February 12, 2022, May 12, 2022, August 12, 2022 and November 12, 2022. Because the 2022 annual meeting was held on September 13, 2022, 100% of the unvested restricted stock units immediately vested on the date of the 2022 annual meeting. The grant-date fair value of the restricted stock units was $7.10 per unit.

In November 2021, SemiLEDs granted 98.5 thousand restricted stock units to its employees, which vest in eight quarterly installments commencing November 2021 and will become fully vested upon a change in control. The grant-date fair value of the restricted stock units was $7.10 per unit.

In November 2020, SemiLEDs granted 15 thousand restricted stock units to its directors, which vested in quarterly installments on each of February 12, 2021, May 12, 2021, August 12, 2021 and November 12, 2021. Because the 2021 annual meeting was held on September 24, 2021, 100% of the stock units immediately vested on the date of the 2021 annual meeting. The grant-date fair value of the restricted stock units was $3.00 per unit.

In November 2020, SemiLEDs granted 33 thousand restricted stock units to its employees, which vested 25% on each of February 12, 2021, May 12, 2021 and August 12, 2021 and November 12, 2021 and became fully vested upon a change in control. The grant-date fair value of the restricted stock units was $3.00 per unit.

In January 2020, SemiLEDs granted 136 thousand restricted stock units to its employees, which vest 25% each year on January 10 of 2021, 2022, 2023 and 2024 and will become fully vested upon a change in control. The grant-date fair value of the restricted stock units was $2.39 per unit.

The grant date fair value of stock options is determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Black-Scholes option-pricing model requires inputs including the market price of SemiLEDs’ common stock on the date of grant, the term that the stock options are expected to be outstanding, the implied stock volatilities of several of the Company’s publicly-traded peers over the expected term of stock options, risk-free interest rate and expected dividend. Each of these inputs is subjective and generally requires significant judgment to determine. The grant date fair value of stock units is based upon the market price of SemiLEDs’ common stock on the date of the grant. This fair value is amortized to compensation expense over the vesting term.

Stock-based compensation expense is recorded net of estimated forfeitures such that expense is recorded only for those stock-based awards that are expected to vest. A forfeiture rate is estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from initial estimates. A forfeiture rate of zero is estimated for stock-based awards with vesting term that is less than or equal to one year from the date of grant.

A summary of the stock-based compensation expense for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022 was as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	May 31, 2023		May 31, 2022		May 31, 2023		May 31, 2022
Cost of revenues	$	38	$	35	$	108	$	89
Research and development		40		36		112		90
Selling, general and administrative		63		61		161		150
	$	141	$	132	$	381	$	329

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Net Loss Per Share of Common Stock

9 Months Ended

May 31, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Loss Per Share of Common Stock

8. Net Loss Per Share of Common Stock

The following stock-based compensation plan awards were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share of common stock for the periods presented because including them would have been anti-dilutive (in thousands of shares):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	May 31, 2023		May 31, 2022		May 31, 2023		May 31, 2022
Stock units and stock options to purchase common stock		80		1		81		93

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Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

May 31, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

9. Income Taxes

The Company’s income (loss) before income taxes for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022 consisted of the following (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	May 31, 2023			May 31, 2022			May 31, 2023			May 31, 2022
U.S. operations	$	(228	)	$	(265	)	$	(595	)	$	(595	)
Foreign operations		(528	)		(646	)		(1,215	)		(993	)
Loss before income taxes	$	(756	)	$	(911	)	$	(1,810	)	$	(1,588	)

Unrecognized Tax Benefits

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was adopted, which among other effects, reduced the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate to 21% from 34% (or 35% in certain cases) beginning in 2018, requires companies to pay a one-time transition tax on certain unrepatriated earnings from non-U.S. subsidiaries that is payable over eight years, makes the receipt of future non-U.S. sourced income of non-U.S. subsidiaries tax-free to U.S. companies and creates a new minimum tax on the earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries relating to the parent’s deductions for payments to the subsidiaries. Provisional estimate of the Company is that no tax will be due under this provision.

As of both May 31 2023 and August 31, 2022, the Company had no unrecognized tax benefits related to tax positions taken in prior periods. The Company files income tax returns in the United States, various U.S. states and certain foreign jurisdictions. The tax years 2017 through 2021 remain open in most jurisdictions. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state, local, or foreign examinations by tax authorities for tax years before 2016. The Company is not currently under examination by income tax authorities in federal, state or foreign jurisdictions.

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Related Party Transactions

9 Months Ended

May 31, 2023

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Related Party Transactions

0. Related Party Transactions

On January 8, 2019, the Company entered into loan agreements with each of the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and the largest shareholder of the Company, with aggregate amounts of $1.7 million and $1.5 million, respectively, and an annual interest rate of both 8%. All proceeds of the loans were exclusively used to return the deposit to Formosa Epitaxy Incorporation in connection with the cancelled proposed sale of the Company’s headquarters building pursuant to the agreement dated December 15, 2015. The Company was required to repay the loans of $1.5 million on January 14, 2021 and $1.7 million on January 22, 2021, respectively. On January 16, 2021, the maturity date of these loans was extended with same terms and interest rate for one year to January 15, 2022, and on January 14, 2022, the maturity date of these loans was extended again with same terms and interest rate for one more year to January 15, 2023. On January 13, 2023, the maturity date of these loans was further extended with same terms and interest rate for one year to January 15, 2024. As of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022, the outstanding principal of these loans totaled $3.2 million. The loans are secured by a second priority security interest on the headquarters building of the Company.

On November 25, 2019 and on December 10, 2019, the Company issued convertible unsecured promissory notes (the “Notes”) to J.R. Simplot Company, its largest shareholder, and Trung Doan, its Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, (together, the “Holders”) with a principal sum of $1.5 million and $500 thousand, respectively, and an annual interest rate of 3.5%. Principal and accrued interest shall be due on demand by the Holders on and at any time after May 30, 2021. On February 7, 2020, J.R. Simplot Company assigned all of its right, title and interest in the Notes to Simplot Taiwan Inc. The outstanding principal and unpaid accrued interest of the Notes may be converted into the Company’s common stock based on a conversion price of $3.00 per share, at the option of the Holders any time from the date of the Notes. On May 25, 2020, each of the Holders converted $300,000 of the Notes into 100,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. On May 26, 2021, the Notes were extended with the same terms and interest rate for one year and a maturity date of May 30, 2022. On May 26, 2022, the Notes were second extended with the same terms and interest rate for one year and a maturity date of May 30, 2023. On June 6, 2023, the Company entered into the Third Amendment to Convertible Unsecured Promissory Notes ("Third Amendments") to amend the Notes to (i) extend the maturity date from May 30, 2023 to May 30, 2024, and (ii) change the conversion price from $3.00 to $2.046 per share. All other terms and conditions of the Notes remain the same. As of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022, the outstanding principal of these notes totaled $1.4 million.

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Subsequent Events

9 Months Ended

May 31, 2023

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

11. Subsequent Events

The Company follows the guidance in FASB ASC 855-10 for the disclosure of subsequent events. The Company has analyzed its operations subsequent to May 31, 2023 to the date these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements were issued, finding that no material subsequent events need to be disclosed.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

May 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation —The Company’s unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and applicable provisions of the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Certain information and disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted as permitted by the rules and regulations of the SEC. Accordingly, these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 8, 2022. The unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of August 31, 2022 included herein was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of that date.

The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements and include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of May 31, 2023, the statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022, the statement of changes in equity for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022, and the statements of cash flows for the nine months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022. The results for the three or nine months ended May 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending August 31, 2023.

Going Concern

Going Concern —The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business are dependent on, among other things, the Company’s ability to operate profitably, to generate cash flows from operations, and to pursue financing arrangements to support its working capital requirements.

The Company suffered losses from operations of $3.2 million and $3.9 million, and net cash used in operating activities of $1.5 million and $1.7 million for the years ended August 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. These facts and conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, even though gross profit on product sales was $1.4 million for the year ended August 31, 2022 compared to $1.0 million for the year ended August 31, 2021. Loss from operations for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2023 was $981 thousand and $2.3 million, respectively. Net cash used in operating activities for the nine months ended May 31, 2023 was $645 thousand. Moreover, at May 31, 2023, the Company’s cash and cash equivalents had decreased to $3.0 million. Management believes that it has developed a liquidity plan, as summarized below, that, if executed successfully, should provide sufficient liquidity to meet the Company’s obligations as they become due for a reasonable period of time, and allow the development of its core business.

•Gaining positive cash-inflow from operating activities through continuous cost reductions and the sales of new higher margin products. Steady growth of module products and the continued commercial sales of its UV LED product are expected to improve the Company’s future gross margin, operating results and cash flows. The Company is targeting niche markets and focusing on product enhancement and developing its LED product into many other applications or devices.

•Continuing to monitor prices, work with current and potential vendors to decrease costs and, consistent with its existing contractual commitments, may possibly decrease its activity level and capital expenditures further. This plan reflects its strategy of controlling capital costs and maintaining financial flexibility.

•Raising additional cash through potential equity offerings, including sales through an at-the-market, or ATM, program, sales of assets and/or issuance of debt as considered necessary and looking at other potential business opportunities.

While the Company’s management believes that the measures described in the above liquidity plan will be adequate to satisfy its liquidity requirements for the twelve months after the date that the financial statements are issued, there is no assurance that the liquidity plan will be successfully implemented. Failure to successfully implement the liquidity plan may have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations and financial position, and may adversely affect its ability to continue as a going concern. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments related to the recoverability and classification of recorded assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities or any other adjustments that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

Restricted Cash Equivalents

Restricted Cash Equivalents —Restricted cash primarily consists of cash held in reserved bank accounts in Taiwan. As of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022, the Company’s restricted cash equivalents at current portion amounted $81 thousand and $82 thousand, respectively. As of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022, the Company’s restricted cash at noncurrent portion, which was recorded as other assets, amounted to $95 thousand and $96 thousand, respectively.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition —Effective September 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC 606 using the modified retrospective transition method. The Company applied the following five steps to achieve the core principles of ASC 606: 1) identified the contract with a customer; 2) identified the performance obligations (promises) in the contract; 3) determined the transaction price; 4) allocated the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and 5) recognized revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The Company recognizes the amount of revenue when the Company satisfies a performance obligation to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The Company obtains written purchase authorizations from its customers as evidence of an arrangement and these authorizations generally provide for a specified amount of product at a fixed price. Generally, the Company considers delivery to have occurred at the time of shipment as this is generally when title and risk of loss for the products will pass to the customer. The Company provides its customers with limited rights of return for non‑conforming shipments and product warranty claims. Based on historical return percentages, which have not been material to date, and other relevant factors, the Company estimates its potential future exposure on recorded product sales, which reduces product revenues in the consolidated statements of operations and reduces accounts receivable in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company also provides standard product warranties on its products, which generally range from three months to two years. Management estimates the Company’s warranty obligations as a percentage of revenues, based on historical knowledge of warranty costs and other relevant factors. To date, the related estimated warranty provisions have been insignificant.

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation —The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of SemiLEDs and its consolidated subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated during consolidation.

On September 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC 825-10, “Financial Instruments- Overall: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities”. This standard allows equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values to be re-measured at fair value either upon the occurrence of an observable price change or upon identification of impairment. The standard also simplifies the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values by requiring assessment for impairment qualitatively at each reporting period.

Investments in which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence over the investee but not a controlling financial interest, are accounted for using the equity method of accounting and are not consolidated. These investments are in joint ventures that are not subject to consolidation under the variable interest model, and for which the Company: (i) does not have a majority voting interest that would allow it to control the investee, or (ii) has a majority voting interest but for which other shareholders have significant participating rights, but for which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies. Under the equity method, investments are stated at cost after adding or removing the Company’s portion of equity in undistributed earnings or losses, respectively. The Company’s investment in these equity‑method entities is reported in the consolidated balance sheets in investments in unconsolidated entities, and the Company’s share of the income or loss of these equity‑method entities, after the elimination of unrealized intercompany profits, is reported in the consolidated statements of operations in equity in losses from unconsolidated entities. When net losses from an equity‑method investee exceed its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the investment is reduced to zero. The Company then suspends using the equity method to provide for additional losses unless the Company has guaranteed obligations or is otherwise committed to provide further financial support to the equity‑method investee. The Company resumes accounting for the investment under the equity method if the investee subsequently returns to profitability and the Company’s share of the investee’s income exceeds its share of the cumulative losses that have not been previously recognized during the period the equity method is suspended.

Investments in entities that are not consolidated or accounted for under the equity method are recorded as investments without readily determinable fair values. Investments without readily determinable fair values are reported on the consolidated balance sheets in investments in unconsolidated entities, at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer. Dividend income, if any, received is reported in the consolidated statements of operations in equity in losses from unconsolidated entities.

If the fair value of an equity investment declines below its respective carrying amount and the decline is determined to be other‑than‑temporary, the investment will be written down to its fair value.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates —The preparation of unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements on the basis that the Company will continue as a going concern, the collectability of accounts receivable, inventory net realizable values, realization of deferred tax assets, valuation of stock-based compensation expense, the useful lives of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, the recoverability of the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and investments in unconsolidated entities, the fair value of acquired tangible and intangible assets, income tax uncertainties, provision for potential litigation costs and other contingencies. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and also on assumptions that it believes are reasonable. Management assesses these estimates on a regular basis; however, actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Certain Significant Risks and Uncertainties

Certain Significant Risks and Uncertainties —The Company is subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could have a material and adverse effect on the Company’s future financial position or results of operations, which risks and uncertainties include, among others: it has incurred significant losses over the past years, any inability of the Company to compete in a rapidly evolving market and to respond quickly and effectively to changing market requirements, any inability of the Company to grow its revenue and/or maintain or increase its margins, it may experience fluctuations in its revenues and operating results, any inability of the Company to protect its intellectual property rights, claims by others that the Company infringes their proprietary technology, and any inability of the Company to raise additional funds in the future.

Concentration of Supply Risk

Concentration of Supply Risk —Some of the components and technologies used in the Company’s products are purchased and licensed from a limited number of sources and some of the Company’s products are produced by a limited number of contract manufacturers. The loss of any of these suppliers and contract manufacturers may cause the Company to incur transition costs to another supplier or contract manufacturer, result in delays in the manufacturing and delivery of the Company’s products, or cause it to carry excess or obsolete inventory. The Company relies on a limited number of such suppliers and contract manufacturers for the fulfillment of its customer orders. Any failure of such suppliers and contract manufacturers to perform could have an adverse effect upon the Company’s reputation and its ability to distribute its products or satisfy customers’ orders, which could adversely affect the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Concentration of Credit Risk —Financial instruments that subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents and accounts receivable.

The Company keeps its cash and cash equivalents in demand deposits with prominent banks of high credit quality and invests only in money market funds. Deposits held with banks may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits. As of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022, cash and cash equivalents of the Company consisted of the following (in thousands):

	May 31,		August 31,
Cash and Cash Equivalents by Location	2023		2022
United States;
Denominated in U.S. dollars	$	181	$	2,215
Taiwan;
Denominated in U.S. dollars		2,768		1,447
Denominated in New Taiwan dollars		43		127
Denominated in other currencies		49		485
Total cash and cash equivalents	$	3,041	$	4,274

The Company’s revenues are substantially derived from the sales of LED products. A significant portion of the Company’s revenues are derived from a limited number of customers and sales are concentrated in a few select markets. Management performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and generally does not require collateral on accounts receivable. Management evaluates the need to establish an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated potential credit losses at each reporting period. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on the management’s assessment of the collectability of its customer accounts. Management regularly reviews the allowance by considering certain factors, such as historical experience, industry data, credit quality, ages of accounts receivable balances and current economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay.

Net revenues generated from sales to the top ten customers represented 90% and 91% of the Company’s net revenues for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2023, respectively, and 86% and 88% of the Company’s net revenues for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2022, respectively.

The Company’s revenues have been concentrated in a few select markets, including the United States, Japan, Netherlands and Taiwan. Net revenues generated from sales to customers in these markets, in the aggregate, accounted for 86% and 89% of the Company’s net revenues for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2023, respectively, and 81% and 80% of the Company’s net revenues for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2022, respectively.

Noncontrolling Interests

Noncontrolling Interests —Noncontrolling interests are classified in the consolidated statements of operations as part of consolidated net income (loss) and the accumulated amount of noncontrolling interests in the consolidated balance sheets as part of equity. Changes in ownership interest in a consolidated subsidiary that do not result in a loss of control are accounted for as an equity transaction. If a change in ownership of a consolidated subsidiary results in loss of control and deconsolidation, any retained ownership interests are remeasured with the gain or loss reported in net earnings. On September 1, 2018, Taiwan Bandaoti Zhaoming Co., Ltd. (“SBDI”), the Company’s wholly owned operating subsidiary, issued 414,000 common shares and amended its certificate of incorporation to increase its common stock issued from 12,087,715 to 12,501,715 shares. As of the issuance date, the increased capital of $176 thousand (NT$5.4 million) has been completely received in cash by Taiwan Bandaoti Zhaoming Co., Ltd. The Company did not subscribe for any newly issued common shares, and, as a result, noncontrolling interest in the Company increased from zero to 3.31%. From January 2019 to September 2020, the Company purchased 33,000 common shares of SBDI from non-controlling shareholders. From March 2022 to May 2022, the Company purchased an additional 52,000 common shares of SBDI from non-controlling shareholders. Therefore, the noncontrolling interest in SBDI was down to 2.63% as of May 31, 2023.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt — Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity (“ASU 2020-06”). ASU 2020-06 simplifies the accounting for convertible debt by eliminating the beneficial conversion and cash conversion accounting models. Upon adoption of ASU 2020-06, convertible debt, unless issued with a substantial premium or an embedded conversion feature that is not clearly and closely related to the host contract, will no longer be allocated between debt and equity components. This modification will reduce the issue discount and result in less non-cash interest expense in financial statements. ASU 2020-06 also updates the earnings per share calculation and requires entities to assume share settlement when the convertible debt can be settled in cash or shares. For contracts in an entity’s own equity, the type of contracts primarily affected by ASU 2020-06 are freestanding and embedded features that are accounted for as derivatives under the current guidance due to a failure to meet the settlement assessment by removing the requirements to (i) consider whether the contract would be settled in registered shares, (ii) consider whether collateral is required to be posted, and (iii) assess shareholder rights. ASU 2020-06 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023. Early adoption is permitted, but only if adopted as of the beginning of such fiscal year. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the standard will have on its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt — Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation — Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging — Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options (“ASU 2021-04”). ASU 2021-04 provides guidance as to how an issuer should account for a modification of the terms or conditions or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option (i.e., a warrant) that remains classified after modification or exchange as an exchange of the original instrument for a new instrument. An issuer should measure the effect of a modification or exchange as the difference between the fair value of the modified or exchanged warrant and the fair value of that warrant immediately before modification or exchange and then apply a recognition model that comprises four categories of transactions and the corresponding accounting treatment for each category (equity issuance, debt origination, debt modification, and modifications unrelated to equity issuance and debt origination or modification). ASU 2021-04 was effective for fiscal years beginning September 1, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. An entity should apply the guidance provided in ASU 2021-04 prospectively to modifications or exchanges occurring on or after the effective date. The Company concluded that the standard has no material impact on its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

May 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of cash and cash equivalents by location

As of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022, cash and cash equivalents of the Company consisted of the following (in thousands):

	May 31,		August 31,
Cash and Cash Equivalents by Location	2023		2022
United States;
Denominated in U.S. dollars	$	181	$	2,215
Taiwan;
Denominated in U.S. dollars		2,768		1,447
Denominated in New Taiwan dollars		43		127
Denominated in other currencies		49		485
Total cash and cash equivalents	$	3,041	$	4,274

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Balance Sheet Components (Tables)

9 Months Ended

May 31, 2023

Disclosure Text Block Supplement [Abstract]

Schedule of inventories

Inventories as of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022 consisted of the following (in thousands):

	May 31,		August 31,
	2023		2022
Raw materials	$	501	$	493
Work in process		1,249		953
Finished goods		2,457		2,338
Total	$	4,207	$	3,784

Schedule of property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment as of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022 consisted of the following (in thousands):

	May 31,			August 31,
	2023			2022
Buildings and improvements	$	13,591		$	13,698
Machinery and equipment		27,442			27,649
Leasehold improvements		159			161
Other equipment		2,261			2,283
Construction in progress		105			81
Total property, plant and equipment		43,558			43,872
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(40,198	)		(39,733	)
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	3,360		$	4,139

Schedule of intangible assets

Intangible assets as of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022 consisted of the following (in thousands):

	May 31, 2023
	Weighted
	Average		Gross				Net
	Amortization		Carrying		Accumulated		Carrying
	Period (Years)		Amount		Amortization		Amount
Patents and trademarks		15	$	581	$	483	$	98
Acquired technology		5		331		331		—
Total			$	912	$	814	$	98

	August 31, 2022
	Weighted
	Average		Gross				Net
	Amortization		Carrying		Accumulated		Carrying
	Period (Years)		Amount		Amortization		Amount
Patents and trademarks		15	$	580	$	478	$	102
Acquired technology		5		335		335		—
Total			$	915	$	813	$	102

Schedule of accrued expenses and other current liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities as of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022 consisted of the following (in thousands):

	May 31,		August 31,
	2023		2022
Accrued compensation and benefits	$	1,772	$	1,678
Customer deposits		373		346
Accrued business expenses		149		176
Other (individually less than 5% of total accrued expenses and other current liabilities)		396		502
Total	$	2,690	$	2,702

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Investments in Unconsolidated Entities (Tables)

9 Months Ended

May 31, 2023

Investments In Unconsolidated Entities Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of ownership interest and carrying amounts of investments in unconsolidated entities

The Company’s ownership interest and carrying amounts of investments in unconsolidated entities as of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022 consisted of the following (in thousands, except percentages):

	May 31, 2023			August 31, 2022
	Percentage			Percentage
	Ownership	Amount		Ownership	Amount
Equity method investments:
Equity investment without readily determinable fair value	Various	$	913	Various	$	922
Total investments in unconsolidated entities		$	913		$	922

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Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

May 31, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of balance sheet information related to leases

Balance sheet information related to the Company’s leases is presented below:

	May 31, 2022		August 31, 2022
Assets
Operating lease right of use assets	$	1,456	$	1,578
Liabilities
Operating lease liabilities, current portion	$	144	$	143
Operating lease liabilities, less current portion		1,312		1,435
Total	$	1,456	$	1,578

Schedule of lease expenses and related cash flows

The following provides details of the Company’s lease expenses:

	Three Months Ended May 31,
	2023		2022
Operating lease expenses, net	$	39		36
	Nine Months Ended May 31,
	2023		2022
Operating lease expenses, net	$	125		120

Other information related to leases is presented below:

	Nine Months Ended May 31,
	2023			2022
Cash Paid for amounts Included In Measurement of Liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	125		$	120
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term:
Operating leases	15.98 years			16.72 years
Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases		1.76	%		1.76	%

Schedule of aggregate future noncancelable minimum rental payments for the operating leases

The aggregate future noncancelable minimum rental payments for the Company’s operating leases as of May 31, 2023 consisted of the following (in thousands):

	Operating
Years Ending August 31,	Leases
Remainder of 2023	$	42
2024		168
2025		127
2026		94
2027		94
Thereafter		1,142
Total future minimum lease payments, undiscounted		1,667
Less: Imputed interest		(211	)
Present value of future minimum lease payments	$	1,456

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Stock-based Compensation (Tables)

9 Months Ended

May 31, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Summary of the stock-based compensation expense

A summary of the stock-based compensation expense for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022 was as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	May 31, 2023		May 31, 2022		May 31, 2023		May 31, 2022
Cost of revenues	$	38	$	35	$	108	$	89
Research and development		40		36		112		90
Selling, general and administrative		63		61		161		150
	$	141	$	132	$	381	$	329

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Net Loss Per Share of Common Stock (Tables)

9 Months Ended

May 31, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of stock-based compensation plan awards were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share of common stock

The following stock-based compensation plan awards were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share of common stock for the periods presented because including them would have been anti-dilutive (in thousands of shares):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	May 31, 2023		May 31, 2022		May 31, 2023		May 31, 2022
Stock units and stock options to purchase common stock		80		1		81		93

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Income Taxes (Tables)

9 Months Ended

May 31, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Income (loss) before income taxes

The Company’s income (loss) before income taxes for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022 consisted of the following (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	May 31, 2023			May 31, 2022			May 31, 2023			May 31, 2022
U.S. operations	$	(228	)	$	(265	)	$	(595	)	$	(595	)
Foreign operations		(528	)		(646	)		(1,215	)		(993	)
Loss before income taxes	$	(756	)	$	(911	)	$	(1,810	)	$	(1,588	)

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Business (Details)	9 Months Ended
	May 31, 2023 Subsidiary
Business
Date of entity incorporation	Jan. 04, 2005
Number of wholly owned subsidiaries	2
Taiwan Bandaoti Zhaoming Co., Ltd. | Taiwan SemiLEDs
Business
Ownership interest (as a percent)	97.37%

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	May 31, 2023	May 31, 2022	May 31, 2023	May 31, 2022	Aug. 31, 2022	Aug. 31, 2021
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Losses from operations	$ 981	$ 774	$ 2,337	$ 2,131	$ 3,200	$ 3,900
Gross profits (losses) on product sales	241	$ 336	966	1,062	1,400	1,000
Net cash used in operating activities			645	$ 1,863	1,500	$ 1,700
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 3,041		$ 3,041		$ 4,274

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Others (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	May 31, 2023	Aug. 31, 2022
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents
Restricted Cash Equivalents, Current	$ 81	$ 82
Restricted Cash, Noncurrent	$ 95	$ 96
Revenues Recognition
Minimum warranty period	3 months
Maximum warranty period	2 years

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Concentration of Credit Risk (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	May 31, 2023	May 31, 2022	May 31, 2023	May 31, 2022	Aug. 31, 2022
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 3,041		$ 3,041		$ 4,274
Net revenues | Customer concentration | Top Ten Customers
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk (as a percent)	90.00%	86.00%	91.00%	88.00%
United States | U.S. Dollars
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 181		$ 181		2,215
Taiwan | U.S. Dollars
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	2,768		2,768		1,447
Taiwan | New Taiwan Dollars
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	43		43		127
Taiwan | Other currencies
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 49		$ 49		$ 485
Few Select Markets, Including the United States, Japan, Germany, Taiwan and Netherlands | Net revenues | Geographic concentration
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk (as a percent)	86.00%	81.00%	89.00%	80.00%

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Noncontrolling Interests (Details) $ in Thousands, $ in Millions			3 Months Ended	21 Months Ended
	Sep. 01, 2018 USD ($) shares	Sep. 01, 2018 TWD ($) shares	May 31, 2022 shares	Sep. 30, 2020 shares	May 31, 2023 shares	Aug. 31, 2022 shares	Aug. 31, 2018 shares
Minority Interest [Line Items]
Common stock, shares issued					4,915,000	4,832,000
Taiwan Bandaoti Zhaoming Co., Ltd.
Minority Interest [Line Items]
Common stock issued during period, shares	414,000	414,000
Common stock, shares issued	12,501,715	12,501,715					12,087,715
Common stock issued during period, value	$ 176	$ 5.4
Noncontrolling interest (as percentage)	3.31%	3.31%			2.63%		0.00%
Taiwan Bandaoti Zhaoming Co., Ltd. | Taiwan SemiLEDs
Minority Interest [Line Items]
Common shares purchased form non-controlling interests			52,000	33,000

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Balance Sheet Components - Inventories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	May 31, 2023	May 31, 2022	May 31, 2023	May 31, 2022	Aug. 31, 2022
Disclosure Text Block Supplement [Abstract]
Raw materials	$ 501		$ 501		$ 493
Work in process	1,249		1,249		953
Finished goods	2,457		2,457		2,338
Total	4,207		4,207		$ 3,784
Inventory write-downs	$ 97	$ 176	$ 471	$ 592

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Balance Sheet Components - Property, Plant and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	May 31, 2023	Aug. 31, 2022
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Total property, plant and equipment	$ 43,558	$ 43,872
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(40,198)	(39,733)
Property, plant and equipment, net	3,360	4,139
Buildings and improvements
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Total property, plant and equipment	13,591	13,698
Machinery and equipment
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Total property, plant and equipment	27,442	27,649
Leasehold improvements
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Total property, plant and equipment	159	161
Other equipment
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Total property, plant and equipment	2,261	2,283
Construction in progress
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Total property, plant and equipment	$ 105	$ 81

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Balance Sheet Components - Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	May 31, 2023	Aug. 31, 2022
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 912	$ 915
Accumulated Amortization	814	813
Total	$ 98	$ 102
Patents and trademarks
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted Average Amortization Period (Years)	15 years	15 years
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 581	$ 580
Accumulated Amortization	483	478
Total	$ 98	$ 102
Acquired technology
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted Average Amortization Period (Years)	5 years	5 years
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 331	$ 335
Accumulated Amortization	$ 331	$ 335

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Balance Sheet Components - Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	May 31, 2023	Aug. 31, 2022
Accrued Liabilities and Other Liabilities [Abstract]
Accrued compensation and benefits	$ 1,772	$ 1,678
Customer deposits	373	346
Accrued business expenses	149	176
Other (individually less than 5% of total accrued expenses and other current liabilities)	396	502
Total	$ 2,690	$ 2,702
Maximum percentage of total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	5.00%	5.00%

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Investments in Unconsolidated Entities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	May 31, 2023	Aug. 31, 2022
Investments in unconsolidated entities
Equity investment without readily determinable fair value	$ 913	$ 922
Total investments in unconsolidated entities	913	$ 922
Unconsolidated Entities
Investments in unconsolidated entities
Dividend received from unconsolidated entities	$ 0

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	May 31, 2023	May 31, 2022	May 31, 2023	May 31, 2022	Aug. 31, 2022
Commitments and Contingencies
Operating lease agreements, description			The Company has several operating leases with unrelated parties, primarily for land, plant and office spaces in Taiwan, which include cancelable and noncancelable leases which expire at various dates between December 2024 and December 2040.
Lease expense related to noncancelable operating leases	$ 39	$ 36	$ 125	$ 120
ASSETS
Operating lease right of use assets	1,456	1,456	1,456	1,456	$ 1,578
Liabilities
Operating lease liabilities, current portion	144	144	144	144	143
Operating lease liabilities, less current portion	1,312	1,312	1,312	1,312	1,435
Total	1,456	1,456	1,456	1,456	1,578
Operating lease expenses, net	$ 39	$ 36	125	120
Cash Paid for amounts Included In Measurement of Liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases			$ 125	$ 120
Operating leases	15 years 11 months 23 days	16 years 8 months 19 days	15 years 11 months 23 days	16 years 8 months 19 days
Operating leases	1.76%	1.76%	1.76%	1.76%
Remainder of 2023	$ 42		$ 42
2024	168		168
2025	127		127
2026	94		94
2027	94		94
Thereafter	1,142		1,142
Total future minimum lease payments, undiscounted	1,667		1,667
Less: Imputed interest	(211)		(211)
Present value of future minimum lease payments	1,456	$ 1,456	1,456	$ 1,456	1,578
Purchase Obligations
Purchase commitments for inventory, property, plant and equipment	$ 120		$ 120		$ 121
Minimum
Commitments and Contingencies
Cancellable and noncancelable operating lease expiration			2024-12
Maximum
Commitments and Contingencies
Cancellable and noncancelable operating lease expiration			2040-12

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Common Stock (Details) - USD ($)		12 Months Ended
	Jul. 06, 2021	Aug. 31, 2022	May 31, 2023
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, shares issued		4,832,000	4,915,000
Roth Capital Partners LLP | Sales Agreement
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, shares issued		286,328	0
Gross proceeds from Issuance of common stock		$ 995,099
Placement agent fees and bank fees		$ 30,626
Commission as a percent of gross proceeds of sale of placement shares	3.00%
Roth Capital Partners LLP | Sales Agreement | Maximum
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Aggregate offering price of placement shares	$ 20,000,000

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Stock-based Compensation (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands				1 Months Ended							3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Mar. 17, 2023	Sep. 25, 2020 shares	Jul. 31, 2019 shares	Apr. 30, 2023 $ / shares shares	Mar. 31, 2023 $ / shares shares	Nov. 30, 2022 $ / shares shares	Nov. 30, 2021 $ / shares shares	Nov. 30, 2020 $ / shares shares	Jan. 31, 2020 $ / shares shares	Apr. 30, 2014 shares	May 31, 2023 USD ($) Item shares	May 31, 2022 USD ($) shares	May 31, 2023 USD ($) Item shares	May 31, 2022 USD ($) shares
Stock-based Compensation
Number of share-based compensation plans | Item											1		1
Additional number of shares authorized for issuance		400,000	500,000							250,000
Amendment of the 2010 Plan to extend the term	Mar. 17, 2033
Plan expiration date			Nov. 02, 2023
Maximum grant limit per employee per one year period			35,000
Shares of common stock reserved for issuance											1,421,000	1,421,000	1,421,000	1,421,000
Common stock available for future issuance (in shares)											674,000	820,000	674,000	820,000
Estimated forfeiture rate (as a percent)											0.00%		0.00%
Stock-based compensation expense | $											$ 141	$ 132	$ 381	$ 329
Cost of revenues
Stock-based Compensation
Stock-based compensation expense | $											38	35	108	89
Research and development
Stock-based Compensation
Stock-based compensation expense | $											40	36	112	90
Selling, general and administrative
Stock-based Compensation
Stock-based compensation expense | $											$ 63	$ 61	$ 161	$ 150
Maximum
Stock-based Compensation
Vesting period													1 year
Directors | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Stock-based Compensation
Stock units granted (in shares)						15,000	15,000
Vesting percentage						25.00%
Grant-date fair value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares						$ 2.33	$ 7.10
Employees | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Stock-based Compensation
Stock units granted (in shares)				110,500	20,000		98,500	33,000	136,000
Vesting percentage				12.50%	25.00%			25.00%	25.00%
Grant-date fair value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares				$ 1.87	$ 2.30		$ 7.10	$ 3.00	$ 2.39
July Thirty One Two Thousand Twenty | Directors | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Stock-based Compensation
Stock units granted (in shares)								15,000
Grant-date fair value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares								$ 3.00

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Net Loss Per Share of Common Stock (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	May 31, 2023	May 31, 2022	May 31, 2023	May 31, 2022
Stock units and stock options to purchase common stock
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities (in shares)	80	1	81	93

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Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	May 31, 2023	May 31, 2022	May 31, 2023	May 31, 2022	Aug. 31, 2017	Aug. 31, 2022
Income Taxes [Line Items]
U.S. operations	$ (228,000)	$ (265,000)	$ (595,000)	$ (595,000)
Foreign operations	(528,000)	(646,000)	(1,215,000)	(993,000)
Loss before income taxes	(756,000)	$ (911,000)	$ (1,810,000)	$ (1,588,000)
U.S. federal income tax rate (as a percent)			21.00%		34.00%
One-time transition tax payable period on certain unrepatriated earnings from non-U.S. subsidiaries			8 years
Unrecognized tax benefits	$ 0		$ 0			$ 0
Earliest Tax Year
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Tax year remain open			2017
Latest Tax Year
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Tax year remain open			2021

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Related Party Transactions (Details) - USD ($)												9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 06, 2023	Jan. 13, 2023	May 26, 2022	Jan. 15, 2022	Jan. 14, 2022	May 26, 2021	Jan. 16, 2021	May 25, 2020	Dec. 10, 2019	Nov. 25, 2019	Jan. 08, 2019	May 31, 2023	Aug. 31, 2022
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Principal amount of unsecured convertible promissory notes												$ 1,400,000	$ 1,400,000
Chairman And Chief Executive Officer
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Debt instrument , maturity date		Jan. 15, 2024			Jan. 15, 2023		Jan. 15, 2022				Jan. 22, 2021
Aggregate amount of loan											$ 1,700,000
Loan agreement, rate of interest											8.00%
Related party loan repayment amount				$ 1,700,000
Largest Shareholder
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Debt instrument , maturity date		Jan. 15, 2024			Jan. 15, 2023		Jan. 15, 2022				Jan. 14, 2021
Aggregate amount of loan											$ 1,500,000
Loan agreement, rate of interest											8.00%
Related party loan repayment amount				$ 1,500,000
Holders
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Related party loan repayment amount												$ 3,200,000	$ 3,200,000
Unsecured Convertible Promissory Notes Payable | Chairman And Chief Executive Officer
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Principal amount of unsecured convertible promissory notes									$ 500,000
Interest rate on promissory notes payable									3.50%
Amount of unsecured convertible promissory notes converted								$ 300,000
Stock issued during period, upon conversion of unsecured convertible promissory notes, shares								100,000
Unsecured Convertible Promissory Notes Payable | J.R. Simplot Company
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Interest rate on promissory notes payable									3.50%
Amount of unsecured convertible promissory notes converted								$ 300,000
Stock issued during period, upon conversion of unsecured convertible promissory notes, shares								100,000
Unsecured Convertible Promissory Notes Payable | Holders
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Principal amount of unsecured convertible promissory notes										$ 1,500,000
Debt instrument , maturity date			May 30, 2023			May 30, 2022						May 30, 2021
Debt instrument, convertible conversion price										$ 3.00
Unsecured Convertible Promissory Notes Payable | Holders | Subsequent Event
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Debt instrument , maturity date	May 30, 2024
Debt instrument, convertible conversion price	$ 2.046