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Value of Business Acquired, Deferred Acquisition Costs and Deferred Sales Inducements
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Value of Business Acquired, Deferred Acquisition Costs and Deferred Sales Inducements Value of Business Acquired, Deferred Acquisition Costs and Deferred Sales Inducements
The following table reconciles to Other intangible assets, net, on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
(In millions)
Customer relationships and contracts$440 $174 
Value of business acquired 1,389 1,446 
Deferred acquisition costs 2,857 2,215 
Deferred sales inducements 538 346 
Value of distribution asset76 86 
Computer software282 266 
Trademarks, tradenames, and other 176 94 
Total Other intangible assets, net$5,758 $4,627 
The following tables roll forward VOBA by product for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.
Indexed AnnuitiesFixed Rate AnnuitiesImmediate AnnuitiesUniversal LifeTraditional LifeTotal
(In millions)
Balance as of January 1, 2024
$1,025 $27 $191 $134 $69 $1,446 
Amortization(101)(4)(5)(5)(5)(120)
Actuarial model updates and refinements (a)— — — — 63 63 
Balance as of September 30, 2024
$924 $23 $186 $129 $127 $1,389 
(a) net of amortization of ($15 million).
Indexed AnnuitiesFixed Rate AnnuitiesImmediate AnnuitiesUniversal LifeTraditional LifeTotal
(In millions)
Balance as of January 1, 2023
$1,166 $32 $201 $143 $73 $1,615 
Amortization(106)(4)(8)(7)(3)(128)
Balance as of September 30, 2023
$1,060 $28 $193 $136 $70 $1,487 
VOBA amortization expense of $135 million and $128 million was recorded in Depreciation and amortization on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
The following tables roll forward DAC by product for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.
Indexed AnnuitiesFixed Rate AnnuitiesUniversal LifeTotal (a)
(In millions)
Balance as of January 1, 2024
$1,378 $288 $545 $2,211 
Capitalization496 147 199 842 
Amortization(112)(61)(27)(200)
Balance as of September 30, 2024
$1,762 $374 $717 $2,853 
Indexed AnnuitiesFixed Rate AnnuitiesUniversal LifeTotal (a)
(In millions)
Balance as of January 1, 2023
$971 $83 $348 $1,402 
Capitalization371 119 167 657 
Amortization(75)(35)(25)(135)
Reinsurance related adjustments— 79 — 79 
Balance as of September 30, 2023
$1,267 $246 $490 $2,003 
(a) Excludes insignificant amounts of DAC related to Funding Agreement Backed Note (“FABN”).
DAC amortization expense of $200 million and $135 million was recorded in Depreciation and amortization on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, excluding insignificant amounts related to FABN.
The following table presents a reconciliation of DAC to the table above, which is reconciled to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
(In millions)
Indexed Annuities$1,762 $1,378 
Fixed Rate Annuities374 288 
Universal Life717 545 
Funding Agreements4 4 
Total$2,857 $2,215 
The following table rolls forward DSI for our indexed annuity products for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:
Nine Months Ended September 30,
20242023
(In millions)
Balance as of January 1,$346 $200 
Capitalization219 112 
Amortization(27)(15)
Balance as of September 30,$538 $297 
DSI amortization expense of $27 million and $15 million was recorded in Depreciation and amortization on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
The cash flow assumptions used to amortize VOBA and DAC were consistent with the assumptions used to estimate the future policy benefits (“FPB”) for life contingent immediate annuities, and will be reviewed and unlocked, if applicable, in the same period as those balances. For nonparticipating traditional life contracts, the VOBA amortization is straight-line, without the use of cash flow assumptions. For indexed annuity contracts, the cash flow assumptions used to amortize VOBA, DAC, and DSI were consistent with the assumptions used to estimate the value of the embedded derivative and MRBs, and will be reviewed and unlocked, if applicable, in the same period as those balances. For fixed rate annuities and IUL the cash flow assumptions used to amortize VOBA, DAC and DSI reflect the Company’s best estimates for policyholder behavior, consistent with the development of assumptions for indexed annuities and immediate annuities.
We review cash flow assumptions annually, generally in the third quarter. In 2024 and 2023, F&G undertook a review of all significant assumptions and revised several assumptions relating to our deferred annuity (indexed annuity and fixed rate annuity) and IUL products. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we updated assumptions including surrender rates, GMWB election timing, premium persistency, and option budgets. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we updated assumptions including surrender rates, partial withdrawal rates, mortality improvement, and option budgets. All updates to these assumptions brought us more in line with our company and overall industry experience since the prior assumption update.
For the in-force liabilities as of September 30, 2024, the estimated amortization expense for VOBA in future fiscal periods is as follows:
Estimated Amortization Expense
Fiscal Year(In millions)
2024$38 
2025143 
2026130 
2027119 
2028108 
Thereafter851 
Total$1,389