10-Q 1 fhlb_boston-10qmarch312013.htm 10-Q FHLB_Boston-10Q March 31, 2013


UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 10-Q 
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
 
x
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2013
OR
o
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
Commission File Number: 000-51402 
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK OF BOSTON
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 
 
Federally chartered corporation
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
 
04-6002575
(I.R.S. employer identification number)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
800 Boylston Street
Boston, MA
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
02199
(Zip code)
 
 (617) 292-9600
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. x Yes  o No
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). x Yes  o No
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer o
 
Accelerated filer o
Non-accelerated filer x
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
 
Smaller reporting company o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  o Yes  x No 

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
 
 
 
Shares outstanding as of
April 30, 2013
Class A Stock, par value $100
 
zero
Class B Stock, par value $100
 
34,180,997



Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston
Form 10-Q
Table of Contents


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 





2


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK OF BOSTON
STATEMENTS OF CONDITION
(dollars and shares in thousands, except par value)
(unaudited)
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
ASSETS
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
$
369,189

 
$
240,945

Interest-bearing deposits
275

 
192

Securities purchased under agreements to resell
1,750,000

 
4,015,000

Federal funds sold
850,000

 
600,000

Investment securities:
 
 
 

Trading securities
265,722

 
274,293

Available-for-sale securities - includes $8,213 and $8,582 pledged as collateral at March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, respectively that may be repledged
5,078,916

 
5,268,237

Held-to-maturity securities - includes $81,403 and $100,124 pledged as collateral at March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, respectively that may be repledged (a)
5,083,825

 
5,396,335

Total investment securities
10,428,463

 
10,938,865

Advances
19,900,367

 
20,789,704

Mortgage loans held for portfolio, net of allowance for credit losses of $3,361 and $4,414 at March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, respectively
3,504,394

 
3,478,896

Accrued interest receivable
88,202

 
100,404

Premises, software, and equipment, net
4,051

 
4,382

Derivative assets, net
237

 
111

Other assets
39,747

 
40,518

Total Assets
$
36,934,925

 
$
40,209,017

LIABILITIES
 

 
 

Deposits:
 

 
 

Interest-bearing
$
636,938

 
$
557,440

Non-interest-bearing
25,687

 
37,528

Total deposits
662,625

 
594,968

Consolidated obligations (COs):
 
 
 

Bonds
25,722,481

 
26,119,848

Discount notes
5,980,709

 
8,639,048

Total consolidated obligations
31,703,190

 
34,758,896

Mandatorily redeemable capital stock
190,889

 
215,863

Accrued interest payable
109,334

 
96,356

Affordable Housing Program (AHP) payable
54,583

 
50,545

Derivative liabilities, net
823,821

 
907,092

Other liabilities
18,153

 
19,198

Total liabilities
33,562,595

 
36,642,918

Commitments and contingencies (Note 18)


 


CAPITAL
 

 
 

Capital stock – Class B – putable ($100 par value), 32,022 shares and 34,552 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, respectively
3,202,211

 
3,455,165

Retained earnings:
 
 
 
Unrestricted
562,671

 
523,203

Restricted
75,018

 
64,351

Total retained earnings
637,689

 
587,554

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(467,570
)
 
(476,620
)
Total capital
3,372,330

 
3,566,099

Total Liabilities and Capital
$
36,934,925

 
$
40,209,017

_______________________________________
(a)   Fair values of held-to-maturity securities were $5,456,257 and $5,699,230 at March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, respectively.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

3


FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK OF BOSTON
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(dollars in thousands)
(unaudited)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2013
 
2012
INTEREST INCOME
 
 
 
Advances
$
59,111

 
$
79,519

Prepayment fees on advances, net
11,915

 
4,302

Securities purchased under agreements to resell
888

 
2,189

Federal funds sold
436

 
511

Trading securities
2,426

 
2,550

Available-for-sale securities
18,577

 
14,415

Held-to-maturity securities
32,101

 
38,723

Prepayment fees on investments
2,724

 
87

Mortgage loans held for portfolio
32,397

 
34,765

Other
2

 

Total interest income
160,577

 
177,061

INTEREST EXPENSE
 
 
 
Consolidated obligations - bonds
82,224

 
106,827

Consolidated obligations - discount notes
1,787

 
1,583

Deposits
11

 
18

Mandatorily redeemable capital stock
207

 
290

Other borrowings

 
1

Total interest expense
84,229

 
108,719

NET INTEREST INCOME
76,348

 
68,342

Reduction of provision for credit losses
(1,087
)
 
(1,151
)
NET INTEREST INCOME AFTER REDUCTION OF PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES
77,435

 
69,493

OTHER INCOME (LOSS)
 
 
 
Total other-than-temporary impairment losses on investment securities
(7
)
 
(6,378
)
Net amount of impairment losses reclassified (from) to accumulated other comprehensive loss
(414
)
 
3,418

Net other-than-temporary impairment losses on investment securities, credit portion
(421
)
 
(2,960
)
Loss on early extinguishment of debt
(2,567
)
 

Service fees
1,417

 
1,499

Net unrealized losses on trading securities
(2,312
)
 
(2,098
)
Net gains on derivatives and hedging activities
1,088

 
1,739

Other
98

 
105

Total other loss
(2,697
)
 
(1,715
)
OTHER EXPENSE
 
 
 
Compensation and benefits
8,504

 
8,872

Other operating expenses
4,492

 
4,252

Federal Housing Finance Agency (the FHFA)
1,040

 
1,325

Office of Finance
673

 
705

Other
746

 
592

Total other expense
15,455

 
15,746

INCOME BEFORE ASSESSMENTS
59,283

 
52,032

AHP
5,949

 
5,232

NET INCOME
$
53,334

 
$
46,800

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

4


FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK OF BOSTON
STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(dollars in thousands)
(unaudited)
 
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2013
 
2012
Net income
 
$
53,334

 
$
46,800

Other comprehensive income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net unrealized (losses) gains on available-for-sale securities
 
(6,946
)
 
849

Net noncredit portion of other-than-temporary impairment losses on held-to-maturity securities
 
 
 
 
Noncredit portion
 

 
(4,365
)
Reclassification adjustment for noncredit portion of other-than-temporary impairment losses recognized as credit losses included in net income
 
414

 
947

Accretion of noncredit portion
 
15,009

 
20,070

Total net noncredit portion of other-than-temporary impairment losses on held-to-maturity securities
 
15,423

 
16,652

Net unrealized gains (losses) relating to hedging activities
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gains (losses)
 
428

 
(3,002
)
Reclassification adjustment for previously deferred hedging gains and losses included in net income
 
4

 
4

Total net unrealized gains (losses) relating to hedging activities
 
432

 
(2,998
)
Pension and postretirement benefits
 
141

 
76

Total other comprehensive income
 
9,050

 
14,579

Total comprehensive income
 
$
62,384

 
$
61,379


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

5



FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK OF BOSTON
STATEMENTS OF CAPITAL
THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2013 and 2012
(dollars and shares in thousands)
(unaudited)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capital Stock Class B – Putable
 
Retained Earnings
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
 
 
 
Shares
 
Par Value
 
Unrestricted
 
Restricted
 
Total
 
 
Total
Capital
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2011
36,253

 
$
3,625,348

 
$
375,158

 
$
22,939

 
$
398,097

 
$
(534,411
)
 
$
3,489,034

Proceeds from sale of capital stock
147

 
14,620

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
14,620

Repurchase of capital stock
(2,374
)
 
(237,412
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(237,412
)
Comprehensive income
 
 
 
 
37,440

 
9,360

 
46,800

 
14,579

 
61,379

Cash dividends on capital stock
 
 
 
 
(4,444
)
 
 
 
(4,444
)
 
 
 
(4,444
)
BALANCE, MARCH 31, 2012
34,026

 
$
3,402,556

 
$
408,154

 
$
32,299

 
$
440,453

 
$
(519,832
)
 
$
3,323,177

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2012
34,552

 
$
3,455,165

 
$
523,203

 
$
64,351

 
$
587,554

 
$
(476,620
)
 
$
3,566,099

Proceeds from sale of capital stock
220

 
22,056

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
22,056

Repurchase of capital stock
(2,750
)
 
(275,010
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(275,010
)
Comprehensive income
 
 
 
 
42,667

 
10,667

 
53,334

 
9,050

 
62,384

Cash dividends on capital stock
 
 
 
 
(3,199
)
 
 
 
(3,199
)
 
 
 
(3,199
)
BALANCE, MARCH 31, 2013
32,022

 
$
3,202,211

 
$
562,671

 
$
75,018

 
$
637,689

 
$
(467,570
)
 
$
3,372,330



The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.





6


FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK OF BOSTON
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(dollars in thousands)
(unaudited)

 
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2013
 
2012
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
 

 
 

Net income
$
53,334

 
$
46,800

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 

 
 
Depreciation and amortization
(10,330
)
 
(3,573
)
Reduction of provision for credit losses
(1,087
)
 
(1,151
)
Change in net fair-value adjustments on derivatives and hedging activities
(21,354
)
 
49,596

Net other-than-temporary impairment losses on investment securities, credit portion
421

 
2,960

Loss on early extinguishment of debt
2,567

 

Other adjustments
(127
)
 
(28
)
Net change in:
 

 
 
Market value of trading securities
2,312

 
2,098

Accrued interest receivable
12,202

 
11,784

Other assets
1,188

 
(5,831
)
Accrued interest payable
12,978

 
27,990

Other liabilities
2,628

 
2,853

Total adjustments
1,398

 
86,698

Net cash provided by operating activities
54,732

 
133,498

 
 
 
 
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
 

 
 

Net change in:
 

 
 

Interest-bearing deposits
(83
)
 
(115
)
Securities purchased under agreements to resell
2,265,000

 
2,900,000

Federal funds sold
(250,000
)
 
(105,000
)
Premises, software, and equipment
(150
)
 
(107
)
Trading securities:
 

 
 

Proceeds from long-term
6,260

 
1,081

Available-for-sale securities:
 

 
 

Proceeds from long-term
436,962

 
521,499

Purchases of long-term
(289,846
)
 
(698,491
)
Held-to-maturity securities:
 

 
 

Proceeds from long-term
328,319

 
333,660

Advances to members:
 

 
 

Proceeds
39,592,334

 
22,120,131

Disbursements
(38,758,387
)
 
(21,860,085
)
Mortgage loans held for portfolio:
 

 
 

Proceeds
221,513

 
189,335

Purchases
(252,299
)
 
(250,428
)
Proceeds from sale of foreclosed assets
3,726

 
1,558

Net cash provided by investing activities
3,303,349

 
3,153,038

 
 
 
 
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
 

 
 

Net change in deposits
68,051

 
87,747

Net payments on derivatives with a financing element
(4,584
)
 
(6,228
)
Net proceeds from issuance of consolidated obligations:
 

 
 

Discount notes
11,134,874

 
34,737,933

Bonds
1,495,356

 
2,691,626


7


Payments for maturing and retiring consolidated obligations:
 

 
 

Discount notes
(13,793,189
)
 
(36,556,041
)
Bonds
(1,849,218
)
 
(4,005,700
)
Proceeds from issuance of capital stock
22,056

 
14,620

Payments for redemption of mandatorily redeemable capital stock
(24,974
)
 
(12,570
)
Payments for repurchase of capital stock
(275,010
)
 
(237,412
)
Cash dividends paid
(3,199
)
 
(4,443
)
Net cash used in financing activities
(3,229,837
)
 
(3,290,468
)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and due from banks
128,244

 
(3,932
)
Cash and due from banks at beginning of the year
240,945

 
112,094

Cash and due from banks at end of the period
$
369,189

 
$
108,162

Supplemental disclosures:
 
 
 
Interest paid
$
99,929

 
$
102,481

AHP payments
$
1,821

 
$
502

Noncash transfers of mortgage loans held for portfolio to real-estate-owned (REO)
$
2,267

 
$
2,883


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements. 

8


FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK OF BOSTON
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1 — Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete annual financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary have been included. All such adjustments consist of normal recurring accruals. The presentation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2013. The unaudited financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston's audited financial statements and related notes in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) on March 26, 2013 (the 2012 Annual Report). Unless otherwise indicated or the context requires otherwise, all references in this discussion to “the Bank,” "we," "us," "our," or similar references mean the Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston.

Note 2 — Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Guidance
 
Obligations Resulting from Joint and Several Liability Arrangements for Which the Total Amount of the Obligation Is Fixed at the Reporting Date. On February 28, 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the FASB) issued guidance for the recognition, measurement and disclosure of obligations resulting from joint and several liability arrangements for which the total amount of the obligation within the scope of this guidance is fixed at the reporting date. This guidance requires an entity to measure these obligations as the sum of (1) the amount the reporting entity agreed to pay on the basis of its arrangement among its co-obligors and (2) any additional amount the reporting entity expects to pay on behalf of its co-obligors. In addition, this guidance requires an entity to disclose the nature and amount of the obligation as well as other information about those obligations. This guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning on or after December 15, 2013, and should be applied retrospectively to obligations with joint and several liability existing at the beginning of an entity's fiscal year of adoption. This guidance is not expected to materially affect our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities. On December 16, 2011, the FASB and the International Accounting Standards Board (the IASB) issued common disclosure requirements intended to help investors and other financial statement users better assess the effect or potential effect of offsetting arrangements on a company's financial position, whether a company's financial statements are prepared on the basis of GAAP or International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). This guidance was amended on January 31, 2013, to clarify that its scope includes only certain financial instruments that are either offset on the balance sheet or are subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or similar agreement. We are required to disclose both gross and net information about derivative, repurchase, and security lending instruments, that meet these criteria. This guidance, as amended, became effective for us for interim and annual periods beginning on January 1, 2013, and was applied retrospectively for all comparative periods presented. The adoption of this guidance has resulted in additional financial statement disclosures but did not affect our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. See Note 10 — Derivatives and Hedging Activities for disclosures related to this guidance.

Presentation of Comprehensive Income. On February 5, 2013, the FASB issued guidance to improve the transparency of reporting reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss. This guidance does not change the current requirements for reporting net income or comprehensive income in financial statements. However, it does require that we provide information about the amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss by component. In addition, we are required to present significant amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss, either on the face of the financial statement where net income is presented or in the footnotes. These amounts are presented based on the respective lines of net income only if the amount reclassified is required under GAAP to be reclassified to net income in its entirety in the same reporting period. For other amounts that are not required under GAAP to be reclassified in their entirety to net income, we are required to cross-reference to other required disclosures that provide additional detail about these other amounts. This guidance became effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2012, and has been applied prospectively. The adoption of this guidance resulted in additional financial statement disclosures but did not affect our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. See Note 15 — Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss for disclosures related to this guidance.

Recently Issued Regulatory Guidance


9


Framework for Adversely Classifying Loans, Other REO, and Other Assets and Listing Assets for Special Mention. On April 9, 2012, the FHFA issued Advisory Bulletin 2012-02, Framework for Adversely Classifying Loans, Other REO, and Other Assets and Listing Assets for Special Mention (AB 2012-02). AB 2012-02 establishes a standard and uniform methodology for classifying loans, other real estate owned, and certain other assets (excluding investment securities), and prescribes the timing of asset charge-offs based on these classifications. The guidance in AB 2012-02 is generally consistent with the Uniform Retail Credit Classification and Account Management Policy issued by the federal banking regulators in June 2000. AB 2012-02 states that it was effective upon issuance. However, the FHFA issued additional guidance indicating that the asset classification provisions in AB 2012-02 should be implemented by January 1, 2014, and that charge-off provisions in AB 2012-02 should be implemented no later than January 1, 2015. We are currently assessing the provisions of AB 2012-02 and have not yet determined its anticipated effect on our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Note 3 — Trading Securities
 
Major Security Types. Our trading securities as of March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, were (dollars in thousands):
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Mortgage-backed securities (MBS)
 

 
 
United States (U.S.) government-guaranteed – residential
$
16,259

 
$
16,876

Government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) – residential
4,569

 
4,946

GSEs – commercial
244,894

 
252,471

Total
$
265,722

 
$
274,293


Net unrealized losses on trading securities held for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012 amounted to $2.3 million and $2.1 million for securities held on March 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

We do not participate in speculative trading practices and typically hold these investments over a longer time horizon.

Note 4 — Available-for-Sale Securities
 
Major Security Types. Our available-for-sale securities as of March 31, 2013, were (dollars in thousands):
 
 
 
 
Amounts Recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
 
 
 
Amortized
Cost (1)
 
Unrealized
Gains
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
 Value
Supranational institutions
$
490,534

 
$

 
$
(25,576
)
 
$
464,958

U.S. government-owned corporations
318,630

 

 
(34,421
)
 
284,209

GSEs
1,863,053

 
18,721

 
(11,902
)
 
1,869,872

 
2,672,217

 
18,721

 
(71,899
)
 
2,619,039

MBS
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

U.S. government guaranteed – residential
348,755

 
549

 
(1,454
)
 
347,850

GSEs – residential
2,087,533

 
24,625

 
(131
)
 
2,112,027

 
2,436,288

 
25,174

 
(1,585
)
 
2,459,877

Total
$
5,108,505

 
$
43,895

 
$
(73,484
)
 
$
5,078,916

_______________________
(1)         Amortized cost of available-for-sale securities includes adjustments made to the cost basis of an investment for accretion, amortization, collection of cash, and fair-value hedge accounting adjustments.

Our available-for-sale securities as of December 31, 2012, were (dollars in thousands):

10


 
 
 
 
Amounts Recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
 
 
 
Amortized
Cost (1)
 
Unrealized
Gains
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
 Value
Supranational institutions
$
502,177

 
$

 
$
(28,693
)
 
$
473,484

U.S. government-owned corporations
330,106

 

 
(39,025
)
 
291,081

GSEs
2,072,936

 
25,901

 
(13,753
)
 
2,085,084

 
2,905,219

 
25,901

 
(81,471
)
 
2,849,649

MBS
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

U.S. government guaranteed – residential
72,862

 
497

 

 
73,359

GSEs – residential
2,212,183

 
32,611

 

 
2,244,794

GSEs – commercial
100,616

 

 
(181
)
 
100,435

 
2,385,661

 
33,108

 
(181
)
 
2,418,588

Total
$
5,290,880

 
$
59,009

 
$
(81,652
)
 
$
5,268,237

_______________________
(1)         Amortized cost of available-for-sale securities includes adjustments made to the cost basis of an investment for accretion, amortization, collection of cash, and fair-value hedge accounting adjustments.

As of March 31, 2013, the amortized cost of our available-for-sale securities included net premiums of $79.0 million. Of that amount, $44.3 million of net premiums related to non-MBS and $34.7 million of net premiums related to MBS. As of December 31, 2012, the amortized cost of our available-for-sale securities included net premiums of $67.2 million. Of that amount, $50.2 million of net premiums related to non-MBS and $17.0 million of net premiums related to MBS.

The following table summarizes our available-for-sale securities with unrealized losses as of March 31, 2013, which are aggregated by major security type and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position (dollars in thousands): 
 
Less than 12 Months
 
12 Months or More
 
Total
 
Fair
 Value
 
Unrealized
 Losses
 
Fair
 Value
 
Unrealized
 Losses
 
Fair
 Value
 
Unrealized
 Losses
Supranational institutions
$

 
$

 
$
464,958

 
$
(25,576
)
 
$
464,958

 
$
(25,576
)
U.S. government-owned corporations

 

 
284,209

 
(34,421
)
 
284,209

 
(34,421
)
GSEs

 

 
121,947

 
(11,902
)
 
121,947

 
(11,902
)
 

 

 
871,114

 
(71,899
)
 
871,114

 
(71,899
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MBS
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

U.S. government guaranteed – residential
277,777

 
(1,454
)
 

 

 
277,777

 
(1,454
)
GSEs – residential
39,244

 
(131
)
 

 

 
39,244

 
(131
)
 
317,021

 
(1,585
)
 

 

 
317,021

 
(1,585
)
Total temporarily impaired
$
317,021

 
$
(1,585
)
 
$
871,114

 
$
(71,899
)
 
$
1,188,135

 
$
(73,484
)

The following table summarizes our available-for-sale securities with unrealized losses as of December 31, 2012, which are aggregated by major security type and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position (dollars in thousands):
 

11


 
Less than 12 Months
 
12 Months or More
 
Total
 
Fair
 Value
 
Unrealized
 Losses
 
Fair
 Value
 
Unrealized
 Losses
 
Fair
 Value
 
Unrealized
 Losses
Supranational institutions
$

 
$

 
$
473,484

 
$
(28,693
)
 
$
473,484

 
$
(28,693
)
U.S. government-owned corporations

 

 
291,081

 
(39,025
)
 
291,081

 
(39,025
)
GSEs

 

 
124,453

 
(13,753
)
 
124,453

 
(13,753
)
 

 

 
889,018

 
(81,471
)
 
889,018

 
(81,471
)
MBS
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

GSEs – commercial
100,435

 
(181
)
 

 

 
100,435

 
(181
)
Total temporarily impaired
$
100,435

 
$
(181
)
 
$
889,018

 
$
(81,471
)
 
$
989,453

 
$
(81,652
)
 
Redemption Terms. The amortized cost and fair value of our available-for-sale securities by contractual maturity at March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, were (dollars in thousands):
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Year of Maturity
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair
 Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair
 Value
Due in one year or less
$
1,598,873

 
$
1,614,617

 
$
1,147,950

 
$
1,156,133

Due after one year through five years
130,331

 
133,308

 
786,779

 
804,498

Due after five years through 10 years

 

 

 

Due after 10 years
943,013

 
871,114

 
970,490

 
889,018

 
2,672,217

 
2,619,039

 
2,905,219

 
2,849,649

MBS (1)
2,436,288

 
2,459,877

 
2,385,661

 
2,418,588

Total
$
5,108,505

 
$
5,078,916

 
$
5,290,880

 
$
5,268,237

_______________________
(1)
MBS are not presented by contractual maturity because their expected maturities will likely differ from contractual maturities because borrowers of the underlying loans may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment fees.

Note 5 — Held-to-Maturity Securities
 
Major Security Types. Our held-to-maturity securities, as of March 31, 2013, were (dollars in thousands):
 

12


 
Amortized Cost
 
Other-Than-Temporary Impairment Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
 
Carrying Value
 
Gross Unrecognized Holding Gains
 
Gross Unrecognized Holding Losses
 
Fair Value
U.S. agency obligations
$
11,875

 
$

 
$
11,875

 
$
1,083

 
$

 
$
12,958

State or local housing-finance-agency obligations (HFA securities)
188,520

 

 
188,520

 
65

 
(19,834
)
 
168,751

GSEs
68,814

 

 
68,814

 
1,220

 

 
70,034

 
269,209

 

 
269,209

 
2,368

 
(19,834
)
 
251,743

MBS
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

U.S. government guaranteed – residential
35,349

 

 
35,349

 
835

 

 
36,184

U.S. government guaranteed – commercial
408,081

 

 
408,081

 
6,672

 

 
414,753

GSEs – residential
2,190,702

 

 
2,190,702

 
70,460

 
(284
)
 
2,260,878

GSEs – commercial
899,578

 

 
899,578

 
73,742

 

 
973,320

Private-label – residential
1,615,584

 
(368,676
)
 
1,246,908

 
264,627

 
(23,870
)
 
1,487,665

Private-label – commercial
9,611

 

 
9,611

 
218

 

 
9,829

Asset-backed securities (ABS) backed by home equity loans
25,463

 
(1,076
)
 
24,387

 
810

 
(3,312
)
 
21,885

 
5,184,368

 
(369,752
)
 
4,814,616

 
417,364

 
(27,466
)
 
5,204,514

Total
$
5,453,577

 
$
(369,752
)
 
$
5,083,825

 
$
419,732

 
$
(47,300
)
 
$
5,456,257


Our held-to-maturity securities as of December 31, 2012, were (dollars in thousands):
 
Amortized Cost
 
Other-Than-Temporary Impairment Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
 
Carrying Value
 
Gross Unrecognized Holding Gains
 
Gross Unrecognized Holding Losses
 
Fair Value
U.S. agency obligations
$
12,877

 
$

 
$
12,877

 
$
1,243

 
$

 
$
14,120

HFA securities
189,719

 

 
189,719

 
44

 
(17,881
)
 
171,882

GSEs
69,246

 

 
69,246

 
1,521

 

 
70,767

 
271,842

 

 
271,842

 
2,808

 
(17,881
)
 
256,769

MBS
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

U.S. government guaranteed – residential
38,313

 

 
38,313

 
879

 

 
39,192

U.S. government guaranteed – commercial
451,559

 

 
451,559

 
8,273

 

 
459,832

GSEs – residential
2,357,479

 

 
2,357,479

 
78,105

 
(337
)
 
2,435,247

GSEs – commercial
957,503

 

 
957,503

 
84,282

 
(2
)
 
1,041,783

Private-label – residential
1,669,041

 
(384,051
)
 
1,284,990

 
183,581

 
(34,184
)
 
1,434,387

Private-label – commercial
9,822

 

 
9,822

 
321

 

 
10,143

ABS backed by home equity loans
25,951

 
(1,124
)
 
24,827

 
719

 
(3,669
)
 
21,877

 
5,509,668

 
(385,175
)
 
5,124,493

 
356,160

 
(38,192
)
 
5,442,461

Total
$
5,781,510

 
$
(385,175
)
 
$
5,396,335

 
$
358,968

 
$
(56,073
)
 
$
5,699,230


As of March 31, 2013, the amortized cost of our held-to-maturity securities included net discounts of $484.2 million. Of that amount, net premiums of $1.5 million related to non-MBS and net discounts of $485.7 million related to MBS. As of

13


December 31, 2012, the amortized cost of our held-to-maturity securities included net discounts of $494.9 million. Of that amount, net premiums of $1.9 million related to non-MBS and net discounts of $496.8 million related to MBS.

The following table summarizes our held-to-maturity securities with unrealized losses as of March 31, 2013, which are aggregated by major security type and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position (dollars in thousands). 
 
Less than 12 Months
 
12 Months or More
 
Total
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
 Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
HFA securities
$

 
$

 
$
160,711

 
$
(19,834
)
 
$
160,711

 
$
(19,834
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MBS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

GSEs – residential

 

 
55,786

 
(284
)
 
55,786

 
(284
)
Private-label – residential
17

 

 
1,198,270

 
(144,617
)
 
1,198,287

 
(144,617
)
ABS backed by home equity loans

 

 
21,185

 
(3,642
)
 
21,185

 
(3,642
)
 
17

 

 
1,275,241

 
(148,543
)
 
1,275,258

 
(148,543
)
Total
$
17

 
$

 
$
1,435,952

 
$
(168,377
)
 
$
1,435,969

 
$
(168,377
)

The following table summarizes our held-to-maturity securities with unrealized losses as of December 31, 2012, which are aggregated by major security type and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position (dollars in thousands). 
 
Less than 12 Months
 
12 Months or More
 
Total
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
 Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
HFA securities
$

 
$

 
$
163,864

 
$
(17,881
)
 
$
163,864

 
$
(17,881
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MBS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

GSEs – residential

 

 
60,776

 
(337
)
 
60,776

 
(337
)
GSEs – commercial
1,220

 
(2
)
 

 

 
1,220

 
(2
)
Private-label – residential

 

 
1,325,876

 
(242,306
)
 
1,325,876

 
(242,306
)
ABS backed by home equity loans

 

 
21,181

 
(4,114
)
 
21,181

 
(4,114
)
 
1,220

 
(2
)
 
1,407,833

 
(246,757
)
 
1,409,053

 
(246,759
)
Total
$
1,220

 
$
(2
)
 
$
1,571,697

 
$
(264,638
)
 
$
1,572,917

 
$
(264,640
)

Redemption Terms. The amortized cost and fair value of our held-to-maturity securities by contractual maturity at March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, are shown below (dollars in thousands). Expected maturities of some securities and MBS may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers of the underlying loans may have the right to call or prepay their obligations with or without call or prepayment fees.
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Year of Maturity
Amortized
Cost
 
Carrying
Value (1)
 
Fair
Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Carrying
Value (1)
 
Fair
Value
Due in one year or less
$
51,127

 
$
51,127

 
$
52,001

 
$

 
$

 
$

Due after one year through five years
17,977

 
17,977

 
18,322

 
69,581

 
69,581

 
71,102

Due after five years through 10 years
31,560

 
31,560

 
32,508

 
32,562

 
32,562

 
33,604

Due after 10 years
168,545

 
168,545

 
148,912

 
169,699

 
169,699

 
152,063

 
269,209

 
269,209

 
251,743

 
271,842

 
271,842

 
256,769

MBS (2)
5,184,368

 
4,814,616

 
5,204,514

 
5,509,668

 
5,124,493

 
5,442,461

Total
$
5,453,577

 
$
5,083,825

 
$
5,456,257

 
$
5,781,510

 
$
5,396,335

 
$
5,699,230

_______________________

14


(1)         Carrying value of held-to-maturity securities represents the sum of amortized cost and the amount of noncredit-related other-than-temporary impairment recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss.
(2)
MBS are not presented by contractual maturity because their expected maturities will likely differ from contractual maturities because borrowers of the underlying loans may have the right to call or prepay their obligations with or without call or prepayment fees.

Note 6 — Other-Than-Temporary Impairment

We evaluate our individual available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities for other-than-temporary impairment each quarter. As part of our evaluation of securities for other-than-temporary impairment, we consider whether we intend to sell each security for which fair value is less than amortized cost or whether it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security before the anticipated recovery of the remaining amortized cost. If either of these conditions is met, we recognize an other-than-temporary impairment charge in earnings equal to the entire difference between the security's amortized cost basis and its fair value at the statement of condition date. For securities in an unrealized loss position that meet neither of these conditions and for all residential private-label MBS, we perform a cash-flow analysis to determine whether the entire amortized cost basis of these impaired securities, including all previously other-than-temporarily impaired securities, will be recovered. If we do not expect to recover the entire amount, the unrealized loss position is considered to be other-than-temporarily impaired. We evaluate the security's other-than-temporary impairment to determine the amount of credit loss to be recognized in earnings, which is limited to the amount of that security's unrealized loss.

In performing a detailed cash-flow analysis, we identify the best estimate of the cash flows expected to be collected. If this estimate results in a present value of expected cash flows (discounted at the security's effective yield) that is less than the amortized cost basis of a security (that is, a credit loss exists), other-than-temporary impairment is considered to have occurred. For determining the present value of variable-rate and hybrid private-label residential MBS, we use the effective interest rate derived from a variable-rate index, such as one-month London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), plus the contractual spread, plus or minus a fixed-spread adjustment when there is an existing discount or premium on the security. Because the implied forward yield curve of a selected variable-rate index changes over time, the effective interest rates derived from that index will also change over time and would therefore impact the present value of the subject security.

Available-for-Sale Securities

As a result of these evaluations, we determined that none of our available-for-sale securities were other-than-temporarily impaired at March 31, 2013. At March 31, 2013, we held certain available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position. These unrealized losses reflect the impact of normal yield and spread fluctuations attendant with security markets. These unrealized losses are considered temporary as we expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis on these available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position and neither intend to sell these securities nor is it more likely than not that we will be required to sell these securities before the anticipated recovery of each security's remaining amortized cost basis. Additionally, there have been no shortfalls of principal or interest on any available-for-sale security. Regarding securities that were in an unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2013:
 
Debentures issued by a supranational institution that were in an unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2013, are expected to return contractual principal and interest, based on our review and analysis of independent third-party credit reports on the supranational institution, and such supranational institution is rated triple-A (or equivalent) by each of the nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (NRSROs).
 
Debentures issued by U.S. government-owned corporations are not obligations of the U.S. government and not guaranteed by the U.S. government. However, these securities are rated at the same level as the U.S. government by the NRSROs. These ratings reflect the U.S. government's implicit support of the government-owned corporation as well as the entity's underlying business and financial risk.

We have concluded that the probability of default on debt issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac) is remote given their status as GSEs and their support from the U.S. government.

Held-to-Maturity Securities

HFA Securities. We have reviewed our investments in HFA securities and have determined that unrealized losses reflect the impact of normal market yield and spread fluctuations and illiquidity in the credit markets. We have determined that all unrealized losses are temporary given the creditworthiness of the issuers and the underlying collateral, including an assessment

15


of past payment history (no shortfalls of principal or interest), property vacancy rates, debt service ratios, over-collateralization and other credit enhancement, and third-party bond insurance as applicable. As of March 31, 2013, none of our held-to-maturity investments in HFA securities were rated below investment grade by an NRSRO. Because the decline in market value is attributable to changes in interest rates and credit spreads and illiquidity in the credit markets and not to a significant deterioration in the fundamental credit quality of these obligations, and because we do not intend to sell the investments nor is it more likely than not that we will be required to sell the investments before recovery of the amortized cost basis, we do not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at March 31, 2013.
 
Agency MBS. For MBS issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, which we sometimes refer to as agency MBS in this report, we determined that the strength of the issuers' guarantees through direct obligation or support from the U.S. government is sufficient to protect us from losses based on current expectations. Additionally, there have been no shortfalls of principal or interest on any such security. As a result, we have determined that, as of March 31, 2013, all of the gross unrealized losses on such MBS are temporary. We do not believe that the declines in market value of these securities are attributable to credit quality, and because we do not intend to sell the investments, nor is it more likely than not that we will be required to sell the investments before recovery of the amortized cost basis, we do not consider any of these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at March 31, 2013.

Private-Label Residential MBS and ABS Backed by Home Equity Loans. To ensure consistency in determination of the other-than-temporary impairment for private-label residential MBS and certain home equity loan investments (including home equity ABS) among all FHLBanks, the FHLBanks have implemented an FHLBank System governance committee (the OTTI Governance Committee) and established a formal process to ensure consistency in key other-than-temporary impairment modeling assumptions used for purposes of their cash-flow analyses for the majority of these securities. We use the FHLBanks' uniform framework and approved assumptions for purposes of our other-than-temporary impairment cash-flow analyses of our private-label residential MBS and certain home equity loan investments. For certain private-label residential MBS and home equity loan investments where underlying collateral data is not available, we have used alternative procedures to assess these securities for other-than-temporary impairment. We are responsible for making our own determination of impairment and the reasonableness of assumptions, inputs, and methodologies used and for performing the required present value calculations using appropriate historical cost bases and yields.
 
Our evaluation includes estimating the projected cash flows that we are likely to collect based on an assessment of all available information, including the structure of the applicable security and certain assumptions to determine whether we will recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security, such as:

the remaining payment terms for the security;
prepayment speeds;
default rates;
loss severity on the collateral supporting each security based on underlying loan-level borrower and loan characteristics;
expected housing price changes; and
interest-rate assumptions.
 
In accordance with related guidance from the FHFA, we have contracted with the FHLBanks of San Francisco and Chicago to perform the cash-flow analysis underlying our other-than-temporary impairment decisions in certain instances. In the event that neither the FHLBank of San Francisco or the FHLBank of Chicago has the ability to model a particular MBS that we own, we project the expected cash flows for that security based on our expectations as to how the underlying collateral and impact on deal structure resultant from collateral cash flows are forecasted to occur over time. These assumptions are based on factors including, but not limited to loan-level data for each security and modeling variable expectations for securities similar in nature modeled by either the FHLBank of San Francisco or the FHLBank of Chicago. We form our expectations for those securities by reviewing, when available, loan-level data for each such security, and, when such loan-level data is not available for a security, by reviewing loan-level data for similar loan pools as a proxy for such data.
 
Specifically, we have contracted with the FHLBank of San Francisco to perform cash-flow analyses for our residential private-label MBS other than subprime private-label MBS, and with the FHLBank of Chicago to perform cash-flow analyses for our subprime private-label MBS. The following table provides additional data on who performs these cash-flow analyses for us (dollars in thousands).


16


 
March 31, 2013
 
Number of
Securities
 
Par
Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Carrying
Value
 
Fair
Value
FHLBank of San Francisco
169
 
$
2,068,119

 
$
1,593,314

 
$
1,229,581

 
$
1,466,975

FHLBank of Chicago
16
 
21,868

 
21,266

 
20,270

 
18,246

Our own cash-flow projections
8
 
29,687

 
23,259

 
18,236

 
21,019


To assess whether the entire amortized cost basis of private-label residential MBS will be recovered, cash-flow analyses for each of our private-label residential MBS were performed. These analyses use two third-party models.
 
The first third-party model considers borrower characteristics and the particular attributes of the loans underlying our securities, in conjunction with assumptions about current home prices and future changes in home prices and interest rates, producing monthly projections of prepayments, defaults, and loss severities. A significant input to the first model is the forecast of future housing-price changes for the relevant states and core-based statistical areas (CBSAs), based on an assessment of the individual housing markets. The term CBSA refers collectively to metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas as defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget. As currently defined, a CBSA must contain at least one core urban area with a population of 10,000 or more people, plus adjacent territory that has a high degree of social and economic integration with the core as measured by commuting ties. The OTTI Governance Committee developed a housing price forecast with seven short-term projections with changes ranging from (4.0) percent to 4.0 percent over the 12 month period beginning January 1, 2013. For the vast majority of markets, the short-term forecast has changes from (1.0) percent to 1.0 percent. Thereafter home prices were projected to recover using one of five different recovery paths. Under those recovery paths, home prices were projected to increase as follows:

Months
 
Recovery Range
1-6
 
0.0
%
to
3.0%
7-12
 
1.0
%
to
4.0%
13-18
 
2.0
%
to
4.0%
19-30
 
2.0
%
to
5.0%
31-42
 
2.0
%
to
6.0%
43-54
 
2.0
%
to
6.0%
Thereafter
 
2.3
%
to
5.6%

The month-by-month projections of future loan performance are derived from the first model to determine projected prepayments, defaults, and loss severities. These projections are then input into a second model that calculates the projected loan-level cash flows and then allocates those cash flows and losses among the various classes in the securitization structure in accordance with the cash-flow and loss-allocation rules prescribed by the securitization structure. In a securitization in which the credit enhancement for the senior securities is derived from the presence of subordinate securities, losses are generally allocated first to the subordinate securities until their principal balance is reduced to zero. The projected cash flows are based on a number of assumptions and expectations and the results of these models can vary significantly with changes in assumptions and expectations. The scenario of cash flows determined based on the model approach described above reflects a best estimate scenario and includes a base case current-to-trough housing price forecast and a base case housing price recovery path described in the prior paragraph.

For those securities for which an other-than-temporary impairment was determined to have occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2013 (that is, a determination was made that less than the entire amortized cost basis is expected to be recovered), the following table presents a summary of the average projected values over the remaining lives of the securities for the significant inputs used to measure the amount of the credit loss recognized in earnings, as well as related current credit enhancement. Credit enhancement is defined as the percentage of subordinated tranches, over-collateralization, and other credit enhancement, if any, in a security structure that will generally absorb losses before we will experience a credit loss on the security. The calculated averages represent the dollar-weighted averages of all the private-label residential MBS and home equity loan investments in each category shown (dollars in thousands).

17


 
 
 
 
Significant Inputs
 
 
 
 
 
 
Projected
Prepayment Rates
 
Projected
Default Rates
 
Projected
Loss Severities
 
Current
Credit Enhancement
Private-label MBS by
Year of Securitization
 
Par Value
 
Weighted
Average
Percent
 
Weighted
Average
Percent
 
Weighted
Average
Percent
 
Weighted
Average
Percent
Private-label residential MBS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Alt-A (1)
 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

2007
 
$
40,546

 
6.9
%
 
53.9
%
 
49.6
%
 
5.8
%
2006
 
19,066

 
4.6

 
72.0

 
54.4

 
10.3

2004 and prior
 
1,303

 
6.5

 
24.8

 
50.8

 
15.8

Total Alt-A
 
$
60,915

 
6.2
%
 
59.0
%
 
51.1
%
 
7.4
%
_______________________
(1)         Securities are classified in the table above based upon the current performance characteristics of the underlying loan pool and therefore the manner in which the loan pool backing the security has been modeled (as prime, Alt-A, or subprime), rather than their classification of the security at the time of issuance.
 
The following table sets forth our securities for which other-than-temporary impairment credit losses were recognized during the life of the security through March 31, 2013 (dollars in thousands). Securities are classified in the table below based on their classifications at the time of issuance. We note that we have instituted litigation in relation to certain of the private-label MBS in which we invested. Our complaint asserts, among others, claims for untrue or misleading statements in the sale of securities. It is possible that classifications of private-label MBS as provided herein when based on classification at the time of issuance (as per the following tables in this Note 6, for example) as disclosed by those securities' issuance documents, as well as other statements about the securities, are inaccurate.
 
March 31, 2013
Other-Than-Temporarily Impaired Investment
Par
Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Carrying
Value
 
Fair
Value
Private-label residential MBS – Prime
$
69,679

 
$
59,587

 
$
44,629

 
$
57,992

Private-label residential MBS – Alt-A
1,709,465

 
1,238,549

 
884,831

 
1,135,799

ABS backed by home equity loans – Subprime
5,324

 
4,713

 
3,637

 
4,448

Total other-than-temporarily impaired securities
$
1,784,468

 
$
1,302,849

 
$
933,097

 
$
1,198,239

 
The following table presents a roll-forward of the amounts related to credit losses recognized in earnings. The roll-forward is the amount of credit losses on investment securities on which we recognized a portion of other-than-temporary impairment charges into accumulated other comprehensive loss (dollars in thousands).
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2013
 
2012
Balance at beginning of period
$
497,102

 
$
544,833

Additions:
 
 
 
Credit losses for which other-than-temporary impairment was not previously recognized

 

Additional credit losses for which an other-than-temporary impairment charge was previously recognized(1)
421

 
2,960

Reductions:
 
 
 
Securities matured or paid-down during the period
(8,693
)
 
(12,485
)
Increase in cash flows expected to be collected which are recognized over the remaining life of the security
(2,916
)
 
(1,446
)
Balance at end of period
$
485,914

 
$
533,862

_______________________
(1)
For the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, additional credit losses for which an other-than-temporary impairment charge was previously recognized relate to all securities that were also previously impaired prior to January 1, 2013 and 2012.

18



The following table presents a roll-forward of the amounts related to the noncredit portion of other-than-temporary impairment losses on held-to-maturity securities included in accumulated other comprehensive loss (dollars in thousands).

 
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2013
 
2012
Balance at beginning of period
 
$
(385,175
)
 
$
(450,996
)
Amounts reclassified from (to) accumulated other comprehensive loss:
 
 
 
 
Noncredit portion of other-than-temporary impairment losses on held-to-maturity securities
 

 
(4,365
)
Reclassification adjustment of noncredit component of impairment losses included in net income relating to held-to-maturity securities
 
414

 
947

Net amount of impairment losses reclassified from (to) accumulated other comprehensive loss
 
414

 
(3,418
)
Accretion of noncredit portion of impairment losses on held-to-maturity securities
 
15,009

 
20,070

Balance at end of period
 
$
(369,752
)
 
$
(434,344
)

Note 7 — Advances
 
General Terms. At March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, we had advances outstanding with interest rates ranging from (0.17) percent to 8.37 percent and (0.15) percent to 8.37 percent, respectively, as summarized below (dollars in thousands). Advances with negative interest rates contain embedded interest-rate features that have met the requirements to be separated from the host contract and are recorded as stand-alone derivatives, and which we economically hedge with derivatives containing offsetting interest-rate features.
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Year of Contractual Maturity
Amount
 
Weighted
Average
Rate
 
Amount
 
Weighted
Average
Rate
Overdrawn demand-deposit accounts
$
3,722

 
0.45
%
 
$
12,893

 
0.53
%
Due in one year or less
7,628,232

 
0.96

 
8,273,972

 
1.00

Due after one year through two years
2,037,491

 
2.62

 
2,198,709

 
2.61

Due after two years through three years
2,042,980

 
2.42

 
1,921,353

 
2.57

Due after three years through four years
2,403,764

 
2.76

 
2,347,511

 
2.56

Due after four years through five years
3,143,582

 
2.68

 
3,033,895

 
3.04

Thereafter
2,171,646

 
2.98

 
2,481,519

 
2.96

Total par value
19,431,417

 
2.01
%
 
20,269,852

 
2.05
%
Premiums
56,998

 
 

 
52,435

 
 

Discounts
(21,562
)
 
 

 
(23,087
)
 
 

Market value of embedded derivatives (1)
1,448

 
 
 
1,163

 
 
Hedging adjustments
432,066

 
 

 
489,341

 
 

Total
$
19,900,367

 
 

 
$
20,789,704

 
 

_________________________
(1)
At March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012 we had certain advances with embedded features that met the requirements to be separated from the host contract and designate the embedded features as a stand-alone derivative.

We offer putable advances that provide us with the right to put the fixed-rate advance to the borrower (and thereby extinguish the advance) on predetermined exercise dates (put dates), and offer, subject to certain conditions, replacement funding at then-current advances rates. Generally, we would exercise the put options when interest rates increase. At March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, we had putable advances outstanding totaling $3.2 billion and $3.3 billion, respectively.

The following table sets forth our advances outstanding by the year of contractual maturity or next put date for putable advances (dollars in thousands):

19


 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Year of Contractual Maturity or Next Put Date
Par Value
 
Percentage
of Total
 
Par Value
 
Percentage
of Total
Overdrawn demand-deposit accounts
$
3,722

 
0.0
%
 
$
12,893

 
0.1
%
Due in one year or less
10,467,907

 
53.9

 
11,218,147

 
55.3

Due after one year through two years
1,790,241

 
9.2

 
1,919,209

 
9.5

Due after two years through three years
1,922,480

 
9.9

 
1,779,103

 
8.8

Due after three years through four years
1,639,839

 
8.4

 
1,906,611

 
9.4

Due after four years through five years
1,692,332

 
8.7

 
1,441,870

 
7.1

Thereafter
1,914,896

 
9.9

 
1,992,019

 
9.8

Total par value
$
19,431,417

 
100.0
%
 
$
20,269,852

 
100.0
%

We also offer callable advances that provide borrowers with the right to call, on predetermined option exercise dates, the advance prior to maturity without incurring prepayment or termination fees (callable advances). In exchange for receiving the right to call the advance on a predetermined call schedule, the borrower pays a higher fixed rate for the advance relative to an equivalent maturity, noncallable, fixed-rate advance. If the call option is exercised, replacement funding may be available. Other advances may only be prepaid by paying a fee (a prepayment fee) that makes us financially indifferent to the prepayment of the advance. At both March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, we had callable advances outstanding totaling $32.5 million.

Interest-Rate-Payment Terms. The following table details interest-rate-payment types for our outstanding advances (dollars in thousands):
Par value of advances
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Fixed-rate
$
18,838,195

 
$
19,179,459

Variable-rate
593,222

 
1,090,393

Total par value
$
19,431,417

 
$
20,269,852

 
Credit Risk Exposure and Security Terms.

Our potential credit risk from advances is principally concentrated in commercial banks, insurance companies, savings institutions, and credit unions. At March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, we had $3.0 billion and $1.8 billion, respectively, of advances issued to members with at least $1.0 billion of advances outstanding. These advances were made to two borrowers at March 31, 2013, and one borrower at December 31, 2012, representing 15.5 percent and 9.0 percent, respectively, of total par value of outstanding advances. For information related to our credit risk on advances and allowance for credit losses, see Note 9 — Allowance for Credit Losses.

Prepayment Fees. We record prepayment fees received from borrowers on prepaid advances net of any associated basis adjustments related to hedging activities on those advances and net of deferred prepayment fees on advance prepayments considered to be loan modifications. Additionally, for certain advances products, the prepayment-fee provisions of the advance agreement could result in either a payment from the borrower or to the borrower when such an advance is prepaid, based upon market conditions at the time of prepayment (referred to as a symmetrical prepayment fee). Advances with a symmetrical prepayment fee provision are hedged with derivatives containing offsetting terms, so that we are financially indifferent to the borrower's decision to prepay such advances. The net amount of prepayment fees is reflected as interest income in the statement of operations.

For the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, net advance prepayment fees recognized in income are reflected in the following table (dollars in thousands):

20


 
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2013
 
2012
Prepayment fees received from borrowers
 
$
20,721

 
$
3,451

Less: hedging fair-value adjustments on prepaid advances
 
(11,510
)
 
(1,701
)
Less: net premiums associated with prepaid advances
 
(3,911
)
 
(47
)
Less: deferred recognition of prepayment fees received from borrowers on advance prepayments deemed to be loan modifications
 

 
(496
)
Prepayment fees recognized in income on advance restructurings deemed to be extinguishments
 
6,615

 
3,095

    Net prepayment fees recognized in income
 
$
11,915

 
$
4,302


Note 8 — Mortgage Loans Held for Portfolio

We invest in mortgage loans through the Mortgage Partnership Finance® (MPF®) program. These investments are either guaranteed or insured by federal agencies, as is the case with government mortgage loans, or are credit-enhanced by the related participating financial institution, as is the case with conventional mortgage loans. All such investments are held for portfolio. The mortgage loans are typically originated and credit-enhanced by the related participating financial institution. The majority of these loans are serviced by the originating institution or an affiliate thereof. However, a portion of these loans are sold servicing-released by the participating financial institution and serviced by a third-party servicer.

The following table presents certain characteristics of the mortgage loans in which we have invested (dollars in thousands):
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Real estate
 

 
 

Fixed-rate 15-year single-family mortgages
$
668,059

 
$
679,153

Fixed-rate 20- and 30-year single-family mortgages
2,778,789

 
2,743,955

Premiums
61,476

 
60,573

Discounts
(3,723
)
 
(4,021
)
Deferred derivative gains, net
3,154

 
3,650

Total mortgage loans held for portfolio
3,507,755

 
3,483,310

Less: allowance for credit losses
(3,361
)
 
(4,414
)
Total mortgage loans, net of allowance for credit losses
$
3,504,394

 
$
3,478,896

 
The following table details the par value of mortgage loans held for portfolio (dollars in thousands):
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Conventional mortgage loans
$
2,986,597

 
$
2,979,067

Government mortgage loans
460,251

 
444,041

Total par value
$
3,446,848

 
$
3,423,108

 
See Note 9 — Allowance for Credit Losses for information related to our credit risk from our investments in mortgage loans and allowance for credit losses based on these investments.

"Mortgage Partnership Finance," and "MPF," are registered trademarks of the FHLBank of Chicago.

Note 9 — Allowance for Credit Losses

An allowance for credit losses is a valuation allowance separately established for each identified portfolio segment, if necessary, to provide for probable losses inherent in our portfolio as of the statement of condition date. To the extent necessary, an allowance for credit losses for off-balance-sheet credit exposure is recorded as a liability.


21


Portfolio Segments. We have established an allowance methodology for each of our portfolio segments. A portfolio segment is defined as the level at which an entity develops and documents a systematic method for determining its allowance for credit losses. We have developed and documented a systematic methodology for determining an allowance for credit losses for our:

extensions of credit, such as our advances and letters of credit;
investments in government mortgage loans held for portfolio;
investments in conventional mortgage loans held for portfolio;
investments via term securities purchased under agreements to resell; and
investments via term federal funds sold.

Classes of Financing Receivables. Classes of financing receivables generally are a disaggregation of a portfolio segment to the extent that is needed to understand the exposure to credit risk arising from these financing receivables. We determined that no further disaggregation of portfolio segments identified above is needed as we assessed and measured the credit risk arising from these financing receivables at the portfolio segment level.

Credit Products

We manage our credit exposure to credit products through an integrated approach that generally provides for a credit limit to be established for each borrower, includes an ongoing review of each borrower's financial condition, and is coupled with collateral and lending policies that are intended to limit risk of loss while balancing borrowers' needs for a reliable source of funding. In addition, we lend in accordance with the Federal Home Loan Bank Act of 1932, as amended (FHLBank Act), FHFA regulations, and other applicable laws. The FHLBank Act requires us to obtain sufficient collateral to secure our credit products. The estimated value of the collateral pledged to secure each borrower's credit products is calculated by applying collateral discounts, or haircuts, to the par value of the collateral. We accept certain investment securities, residential mortgage loans, deposits, and other assets as collateral. We require all borrowers that pledge securities collateral to place physical possession of such securities collateral with our safekeeping agent or the borrower's securities corporation, subject to a control agreement giving us appropriate control over such collateral. In addition, community financial institutions are eligible to use expanded statutory collateral provisions for small-business and agriculture loans. Members also pledge their Bank capital stock as collateral. Collateral arrangements may vary depending upon borrower credit quality, financial condition, performance, borrowing capacity, and overall credit exposure to the borrower. We can call for additional or substitute collateral to further safeguard our security interest. We believe our policies appropriately manage our credit risks arising from our credit products.

Depending primarily on the financial condition of the borrower, we may allow the borrower to retain possession of loan collateral pledged to us while agreeing to hold such collateral for our benefit or require the borrower to specifically assign or place physical possession of such loan collateral with us or a third-party custodian that we approve.

We are provided an additional safeguard for our security interests by Section 10(e) of the FHLBank Act, which generally affords any security interest granted by a borrower to the Bank priority over the claims and rights of any other party. The exceptions to this prioritization are limited to claims that would be entitled to priority under otherwise applicable law and are held by bona fide purchasers for value or by secured parties with higher priority perfected security interests. However, the priority granted to our security interests under Section 10(e) of the FHLBank Act may not apply when lending to insurance company members. This is due to the anti-preemption provision contained in the McCarran-Ferguson Act, which provides that federal law does not preempt state insurance law unless the federal law expressly regulates the business of insurance. Thus, if state law conflicts with Section 10(e) of the FHLBank Act, the protection afforded by this provision may not be available to us. However, we perfect our security interests in the collateral pledged by our members, including insurance company members, by filing UCC-1 financing statements, taking possession or control of such collateral, or taking other appropriate steps.
Using a risk-based approach and taking into consideration each borrower's financial strength, we consider the types and level of collateral to be the primary indicator of credit quality on our credit products. At March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, we had rights to collateral, on a borrower-by-borrower basis, with an estimated value in excess of our outstanding extensions of credit.

We continue to evaluate and make changes to our collateral guidelines based on market conditions. At March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, we did not have any credit products that were past due, on nonaccrual status, or considered impaired. In addition, there were no troubled debt restructurings related to credit products during the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012.

Based upon the collateral held as security, our credit extension and collateral policies, management's credit analysis, and the repayment history on credit products, we have not recorded any allowance for credit losses on credit products at March 31,

22


2013, and December 31, 2012. At March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, no liability to reflect an allowance for credit losses for off-balance-sheet credit exposures was recorded. See Note 18 — Commitments and Contingencies for additional information on our off-balance-sheet credit exposure.

Government Mortgage Loans Held for Portfolio

We invest in government mortgage loans secured by one- to four-family residential properties. Government mortgage loans are mortgage loans insured or guaranteed by the Federal Housing Administration, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, the Rural Housing Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, or by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development.

The servicer provides and maintains insurance or a guarantee from the applicable government agency. The servicer is responsible for compliance with all government agency requirements and for obtaining the benefit of the applicable insurance or guaranty with respect to defaulted government-guaranteed mortgage loans. Any losses incurred on such loans that are not recovered from the insurer or guarantor are absorbed by the related servicer. Therefore, we only have credit risk for these loans if the servicer fails to pay for losses not covered by insurance or guarantees. Based on our assessment of our servicers for these loans, there is no allowance for credit losses for the government mortgage loan portfolio as of March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012. In addition, these mortgage loans are not placed on nonaccrual status due to the government guarantee or insurance on these loans and the contractual obligation of the loan servicers to repurchase their related loans when certain criteria are met.

Conventional Mortgage Loans Held for Portfolio

We use a model to determine our allowance for credit losses based on our investments in conventional mortgage loans. We periodically adjust the key inputs to this model in an effort intended to properly align our loss projections with the market conditions that are relevant to these loans. The key inputs to the model include past and current performance of these loans (including portfolio-delinquency and default-migration statistics), overall loan-portfolio-performance characteristics (including loss-mitigation features, especially credit enhancements, as discussed below under — Credit Enhancements), and loss-severity estimates for these loans. We update the following inputs at least once per quarter: current outstanding loan amounts, delinquency statistics of the portfolio, and related loss-mitigation features (including credit-enhancement and estimated credit-enhancement fee-recovery amounts) for all master commitments. A master commitment is a document which provides the general terms under which the participating financial institution will deliver mortgage loans, including a maximum loan delivery amount, maximum credit enhancement, if applicable, and expiration date. Additionally, we review the model's default migration factor on a quarterly basis to determine if the portfolio has exhibited any change in loans migrating from current to delinquent or from delinquent to default and make adjustments as appropriate.

We use a third-party loan-loss projection model to determine our loss-severity estimates for our master commitments. The inputs to this model include loan-related characteristics (such as property types and locations), industry data (such as foreclosure timelines and associated costs), and current and projected housing prices. We update our loss-severity estimates periodically as we determine appropriate, but not less than once per year. Additionally, as part of our continuing effort to incorporate more precision into our estimation processes, we perform quarterly loss severity update for the 15 largest master commitments, reflecting a more current housing price index. These master commitments represent more than 50 percent of our total master commitments by outstanding principal balance and therefore this update is likely to capture any important changes during interim reporting periods.

Nonaccrual Loans. We place conventional mortgage loans on nonaccrual status when the collection of the contractual principal or interest is 90 days or more past due. When a conventional mortgage loan is placed on nonaccrual status, accrued but uncollected interest is reversed against interest income in the current period. We generally record cash payments received on nonaccrual loans first as interest income and then as a reduction of principal as specified in the contractual agreement, unless we consider the collection of the remaining principal amount due to be doubtful. If we consider the collection of the remaining principal amount to be doubtful, cash payments received are applied first solely to principal until the remaining principal amount due is expected to be collected and then as a recovery of any charge-off, if applicable, followed by recording interest income. A loan on nonaccrual status may be restored to accrual status when the collection of the contractual principal and interest is less than 90 days past due.

Impairment Methodology. A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement.

Loans that are on nonaccrual status and that are considered collateral-dependent are measured for impairment based on the fair value of the underlying property less estimated selling costs. Loans are considered collateral-dependent if repayment is

23


expected to be provided solely by the sale of the underlying property, that is, there is no other available and reliable source of repayment. Collateral-dependent loans are impaired if the fair value of the underlying collateral less estimated selling costs is insufficient to recover the unpaid principal balance on the loan. Interest income on impaired loans is recognized in the same manner as nonaccrual loans as discussed above.

Charge-Off Policy. We evaluate whether to record a charge-off on a conventional mortgage loan upon the occurrence of a confirming event. Confirming events include, but are not limited to, the occurrence of foreclosure or notification of a claim against any of the credit enhancements. A charge-off is recorded if we determine that the recorded investment in the loan is not likely to be recovered.

Individually Evaluated Mortgage Loans. Certain conventional mortgage loans, primarily impaired mortgage loans that are considered collateral dependent, may be specifically identified for purposes of calculating the allowance for credit losses. A mortgage loan is considered collateral dependent if repayment is only expected to be provided by the sale of the underlying property, that is, if it is considered likely that the borrower will default and there is no credit enhancement from a participating financial institution to offset losses under the master commitment. The estimated credit losses on impaired collateral-dependent loans may be separately determined because sufficient information exists to make a reasonable estimate of the inherent loss for such loans on an individual loan basis. We apply an appropriate loss-severity rate, which is used to estimate the fair value of our collateral. The resulting incurred loss is equal to the difference between the carrying value of the loan and the estimated fair value of the collateral less estimated selling costs.

Collectively Evaluated Mortgage Loans. We evaluate the credit risk of our investments in conventional mortgage loans for impairment on a collective basis that considers loan-pool-specific attribute data at the master commitment pool level, applies estimated loss severities, and incorporates available credit enhancements to establish our best estimate of probable incurred losses at the reporting date. We do not consider credit enhancement cash flows that are projected and assessed as not probable of receipt in reducing estimated losses. Migration analysis is a methodology for estimating the rate of default experienced on pools of similar loans based on our historical experience. We apply migration analysis to conventional loans that are currently not past due, loans that are 30 to 59 days past due, 60 to 89 days past due, and 90 or more days past due. We then estimate the dollar amount of loans in these categories that we believe are likely to migrate to a realized loss position and apply a loss severity factor to estimate losses that would be incurred at the statement of condition date. Additionally, for our investments in loans modified under our temporary loan modification plan, on the effective date of a loan modification we measure the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate and reduce the carrying value of the loan accordingly. See — Troubled Debt Restructurings below for information on our temporary loan modification program and loans that have been discharged pursuant to Chapter 7 bankruptcy.

Estimating a Margin of Imprecision. We also assess a factor for the margin of imprecision to the estimation of credit losses for the homogeneous population. The margin of imprecision is a factor in the allowance for credit losses that recognizes the imprecise nature of the measurement process and is included as part of the mortgage loan allowance for credit loss. This amount represents a subjective management judgment based on facts and circumstances that exist as of the reporting date that is unallocated to any specific measurable economic or credit event and is intended to cover other inherent losses that may not be captured in our methodology. The actual loss that may occur on homogeneous populations of mortgage loans may differ from the estimated loss.

Roll-Forward of Allowance for Credit Losses on Mortgage Loans. The following table presents a roll-forward of the allowance for credit losses on conventional mortgage loans for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, as well as the recorded investment in mortgage loans by impairment methodology at March 31, 2013 and 2012 (dollars in thousands). The recorded investment in a loan is the par amount of the loan, adjusted for accrued interest, unamortized premiums or discounts, deferred derivative gains and losses, and direct write-downs. The recorded investment is net of any valuation allowance.

24


 
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2013
 
2012
Allowance for credit losses
 
 
 
Balance at beginning of period
$
4,414

 
$
7,800

Charge-offs
(13
)
 
(54
)
Recoveries
47

 

Reduction of provision for credit losses
(1,087
)
 
(1,151
)
Balance at end of period
$
3,361

 
$
6,595

Ending balance, individually evaluated for impairment
$

 
$

Ending balance, collectively evaluated for impairment
$
3,361

 
$
6,595

Recorded investment, end of period (1)
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
$
3,118

 
$
898

Collectively evaluated for impairment
$
3,049,521

 
$
2,873,590

_________________________
(1)
This amount excludes government mortgage loans because we make no allowance for credit losses based on our investments in government mortgage loans, as discussed above under — Government Mortgage Loans Held for Portfolio.

Credit Quality Indicators. Key credit quality indicators for mortgage loans include the migration of past due loans, nonaccrual loans, loans in process of foreclosure and impaired loans. The tables below set forth certain key credit quality indicators for our investments in mortgage loans at March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012 (dollars in thousands):
 
March 31, 2013
 
 Recorded Investment in Conventional Mortgage Loans
 
 Recorded Investment in Government Mortgage Loans
 
Total
Past due 30-59 days delinquent
$
32,715

 
$
14,015

 
$
46,730

Past due 60-89 days delinquent
11,385

 
3,871

 
15,256

Past due 90 days or more delinquent
50,394

 
22,966

 
73,360

Total past due
94,494

 
40,852

 
135,346

Total current loans
2,958,145

 
432,538

 
3,390,683

Total mortgage loans
$
3,052,639

 
$
473,390

 
$
3,526,029

Other delinquency statistics
 
 
 
 
 
In process of foreclosure, included above (1)
$
21,838

 
$
9,844

 
$
31,682

Serious delinquency rate (2)
1.67
%
 
4.85
%
 
2.10
%
Past due 90 days or more still accruing interest
$

 
$
22,966

 
$
22,966

Loans on nonaccrual status (3)
$
51,003

 
$

 
$
51,003

_______________________
(1)
Includes loans where the decision of foreclosure or similar alternative such as pursuit of deed-in-lieu of foreclosure has been reported.
(2)
Loans that are 90 days or more past due or in the process of foreclosure expressed as a percentage of the recorded investment in the total loan portfolio class.
(3)
Includes conventional mortgage loans with contractual principal or interest payments 90 days or more past due and not accruing interest as well as loans modified within the previous six months under our temporary loan modification plan.


25


 
December 31, 2012
 
 Recorded Investment in Conventional Mortgage Loans
 
 Recorded Investment in Government Mortgage Loans
 
Total
Past due 30-59 days delinquent
$
36,720

 
$
14,451

 
$
51,171

Past due 60-89 days delinquent
12,339

 
4,459

 
16,798

Past due 90 days or more delinquent
50,927

 
23,715

 
74,642

Total past due
99,986

 
42,625

 
142,611

Total current loans
2,944,184

 
414,400

 
3,358,584

Total mortgage loans
$
3,044,170

 
$
457,025

 
$
3,501,195

Other delinquency statistics
 
 
 
 
 
In process of foreclosure, included above (1)
$
23,580

 
$
11,022

 
$
34,602

Serious delinquency rate (2)
1.70
%
 
5.19
%
 
2.15
%
Past due 90 days or more still accruing interest
$

 
$
23,715

 
$
23,715

Loans on nonaccrual status (3)
$
51,609

 
$

 
$
51,609

_______________________
(1)
Includes loans where the decision of foreclosure or similar alternative such as pursuit of deed-in-lieu of foreclosure has been reported.
(2)
Loans that are 90 days or more past due or in the process of foreclosure expressed as a percentage of the recorded investment in the total loan portfolio class.
(3)
Includes conventional mortgage loans with contractual principal or interest payments 90 days or more past due and not accruing interest as well as loans modified within the previous six months under our temporary loan modification plan.

Individually Evaluated Impaired Loans. The following tables present the recorded investment and par value for impaired loans individually assessed for impairment at March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, and the average recorded investment and interest income recognized on these loans during the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012 (dollars in thousands). Our individually evaluated impaired loans do not have a related allowance.
 
 
As of March 31, 2013
 
As of December 31, 2012
 
 
Recorded Investment
 
Par Value
 
Recorded Investment
 
Par Value
Individually evaluated impaired mortgage loans
 
$
3,118

 
$
3,087

 
$
2,752

 
$
2,726


 
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2013
 
2012
 
 
Average Recorded Investment
 
Interest Income Recognized
 
Average Recorded Investment
 
Interest Income Recognized
Individually evaluated impaired mortgage loans
 
$
3,117

 
$
39

 
$
718

 
$
8


Credit Enhancements. Our allowance for credit losses factors in the credit enhancements associated with conventional mortgage loans under the MPF program. These credit enhancements apply after the homeowner's equity is exhausted and can include primary and/or supplemental mortgage insurance or other kinds of credit enhancement. The credit enhancement amounts needed to protect us against credit losses are determined through the use of a model. Any incurred losses that would be recovered from the credit enhancements are not reserved as part of our allowance for loan losses. In such cases, a receivable is generally established to reflect the expected recovery from credit-enhancement arrangements.

Conventional mortgage loans are required to be credit enhanced so that the risk of loss is limited to the losses equivalent to an investor in a double-A rated MBS at the time of purchase. We share the risk of credit losses on our investments in mortgage loans with the related participating financial institution by structuring potential losses on these investments into layers with respect to each master commitment. We analyze the risk characteristics of our mortgage loans using a model from an NRSRO to determine the credit enhancement amount. This credit-enhancement amount is broken into a first-loss account and a credit-enhancement obligation of each participating financial institution, which is calculated based on the risk analysis to equal the

26


difference between the amounts needed for the master commitment to have a rating equivalent to a double-A rated MBS and our initial first-loss account exposure.

The first-loss account represents the first layer or portion of credit losses that we absorb with respect to our investments in mortgage loans after considering the borrower's equity and primary mortgage insurance. The participating financial institution is required to cover the next layer of losses up to an agreed-upon credit-enhancement obligation amount, which may consist of a direct liability of the participating financial institution to pay credit losses up to a specified amount, a contractual obligation of a participating financial institution to provide supplemental mortgage insurance, or a combination of both. We absorb any remaining unallocated losses.

The aggregate amount of the first-loss account is documented and tracked but is neither recorded nor reported as an allowance for loan losses in our financial statements. As credit and special hazard losses are realized that are not covered by the liquidation value of the real property or primary mortgage insurance, they are first charged to us, with a corresponding reduction of the first-loss account for that master commitment up to the amount in the first-loss account at that time. Over time, the first-loss account may cover the expected credit losses on a master commitment, although losses that are greater than expected or that occur early in the life of a master commitment could exceed the amount in the first-loss account. In that case, the excess losses would be charged to the participating financial institution's credit-enhancement amount, then to us after the participating financial institution's credit-enhancement amount has been exhausted.

For loans in which we buy or sell participations from or to other FHLBanks that participate in the MPF program (MPF Banks), the amount of the first-loss account remaining to absorb losses for loans that we own is partly dependent on the percentage of our participation in such loans. Assuming losses occur on a proportional basis between loans that we own and loans owned by other MPF Banks, at March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, the amount of first-loss account remaining for losses attributable to us was $12.9 million and $16.7 million, respectively.

Participating financial institutions are paid a credit-enhancement fee for assuming credit risk and in some instances all or a portion of the credit-enhancement fee may be performance-based. For certain MPF products, our losses incurred under the first-loss account can be mitigated by withholding future performance credit-enhancement fees that would otherwise be payable to the participating financial institutions. We record credit-enhancement fees paid to participating financial institutions as a reduction to mortgage-loan-interest income. We incurred credit-enhancement fees of $790,000 and $749,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

Withheld credit-enhancement fees can mitigate losses from our investments in mortgage loans and therefore we consider our expectations by each master commitment for such withheld fees in determining the allowance for loan losses. More specifically, we determine the amount of credit-enhancement fees available to mitigate losses as follows: accrued credit-enhancement fees to be paid to participating financial institutions; plus projected credit-enhancement fees to be paid to the participating financial institutions over the next 12 months; minus any losses incurred or expected to be incurred. Available credit-enhancement fees cannot be shared between master commitments and, as a result, some master commitments may have sufficient credit-enhancement fees to recover all losses while other master commitments may not.

The following table demonstrates the impact on our estimate of the allowance for credit losses resulting from the loss-mitigating features of conventional mortgage loans (dollars in thousands).
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Total estimated losses
$
9,392

 
$
10,053

Less: estimated losses in excess of the first-loss account, to be absorbed by participating financial institutions
(5,698
)
 
(5,010
)
Less: estimated performance-based credit-enhancement fees available for recapture
(333
)
 
(629
)
Net allowance for credit losses
$
3,361

 
$
4,414


Troubled Debt Restructurings. We consider a troubled debt restructuring of a financing receivable to have occurred when we grant a concession to a borrower that we would not otherwise consider for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower's financial difficulties. We classify troubled debt restructurings at the end of the three-month trial period for troubled debt restructurings involved in our modification program for conventional mortgage loans. We place conventional mortgage loans that are deemed to be troubled debt restructurings as a result of our modification program on nonaccrual when payments are 60 days or more past due.


27


We also consider troubled debt restructurings to have occurred when a borrower has filed for bankruptcy under Chapter 7 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code (Chapter 7 bankruptcy) pursuant to which the bankruptcy court has discharged the borrower's obligation to us and the borrower has not reaffirmed the debt.

Our program for mortgage loan troubled debt restructurings primarily involves modifying the borrower's monthly payment for a period of up to 36 months to achieve a housing expense ratio of no more than 31 percent of their qualifying monthly income. The principal amortization schedule for the outstanding principal balance is first re-calculated to reflect a new principal and interest payment for a term not to exceed 40 years. This would result in a balloon payment at the original maturity date of the loan as the maturity date and number of remaining monthly payments are not adjusted. If the 31 percent housing expense ratio is not achieved through re-amortization, the interest rate is reduced for the temporary modification period of up to 36 months in 0.125 percent increments below the original note rate, to a floor rate of 3.00 percent, resulting in reduced principal and interest payments, until the desired 31 percent housing expense ratio is met.

A mortgage loan considered to be a troubled debt restructuring is individually evaluated for impairment when determining its related allowance for credit losses. Credit loss is measured by factoring in expected cash shortfalls (i.e., loss severity rate) incurred as of the reporting date as well as the economic loss attributable to delaying the original contractual principal and interest due dates, if applicable. During the three months ended March 31, 2013, we had two troubled debt restructurings. The recorded investment in the troubled debt restructurings post-modification was $356,000 as of the modification date. During the three months ended March 31, 2012, we had three troubled debt restructurings. The recorded investment in the troubled debt restructuring post-modification was $534,000 as of the modification date.

As of March 31, 2013, we had mortgage loans with a recorded investment of $3.2 million that are considered troubled debt restructurings of which $2.6 million were performing and $609,000 were non-performing. As of December 31, 2012, we had mortgage loans with a recorded investment of $2.8 million that are considered troubled debt restructurings, of which $1.9 million were performing and $912,000 were non-performing.

For the three months ended March 31, 2013, none of our investments in conventional mortgage loans modified as troubled debt restructurings within the previous 12 months experienced a payment default. A borrower is considered to have defaulted on a troubled debt restructuring if their contractual principal or interest is 60 days or more past due.

As of March 31, 2013, we had one troubled debt restructuring with a recorded investment of $88,000 that resulted from a borrower that filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy in which the bankruptcy court discharged the borrower's obligation to us and the borrower did not reaffirm the debt. We did not record an additional impairment charge or increase our allowance for credit losses since there are sufficient credit-enhancement fees remaining for the master commitment associated with this loan.

REO. At March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, we had $6.9 million and $8.7 million, respectively, in assets classified as REO. During the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, we sold REO assets with a recorded carrying value of $3.8 million, and $2.0 million, respectively. Upon the sale of these properties, and inclusive of any proceeds received from primary mortgage-insurance coverage, we recognized net gains totaling $127,000 and $26,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Gains and losses on the sale of REO assets are recorded in other income.

Federal Funds Sold and Securities Purchased Under Agreements to Resell

These investments are all short-term (less than three months to maturity). We invest in federal funds sold with investment-grade counterparties and we only evaluate these investments for purposes of an allowance for credit losses if the investment is not paid when due. All investments in federal funds sold as of March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, have since been repaid according to their contractual terms.

Securities purchased under agreements to resell are considered collateralized financing arrangements and effectively represent short-term loans to investment-grade counterparties. The terms of these loans are structured such that if the market value of the underlying securities decreases below the market value required as collateral, the counterparty must provide additional securities as collateral in an amount equal to the decrease or remit cash in such amount, or we will decrease the dollar value of the resale agreement accordingly. If we determine that an agreement to resell is impaired, the difference between the fair value of the collateral and the amortized cost of the agreement is charged to earnings. Based upon the collateral held as security, we determined that no allowance for credit losses was needed for the securities purchased under agreements to resell at March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012.

Note 10 — Derivatives and Hedging Activities     


28


All derivatives are recognized on the statement of condition at fair value. We offset fair-value amounts recognized for derivatives and fair-value amounts recognized for the right to reclaim cash collateral (a receivable) or the obligation to return cash collateral (a payable) arising from derivatives recognized at fair value executed with the same counterparty under a master-netting arrangement. If these netted amounts are positive, they are classified as an asset and, if negative, they are classified as a liability. Derivative assets and derivative liabilities reported on the statement of condition also include net accrued interest. Cash flows associated with derivatives are reflected as cash flows from operating activities in the statement of cash flows unless the derivative meets the criteria to be a financing derivative.

Each derivative is designated as one of the following:

a qualifying hedge of the change in fair value of a recognized asset or liability or an unrecognized firm commitment (a fair value hedge);
a qualifying hedge of a forecasted transaction or the variability of cash flows that are to be received or paid in connection with a recognized asset or liability (a cash-flow hedge); or
a nonqualifying hedge of an asset or liability (an economic hedge) for asset-liability-management purposes.

For additional information on our derivatives and hedging activities, see Item 8 — Financial Statements and Supplementary Data — Note 11 — Derivatives and Note 1 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the 2012 Annual Report.

Financial Statement Impact and Additional Financial Information. The notional amount of derivatives is a factor in determining periodic interest payments or cash flows received and paid. However, the notional amount of derivatives represents neither the actual amounts exchanged nor our overall exposure to credit and market risk. The risks of derivatives can be measured meaningfully on a portfolio basis that takes into account the counterparties, the types of derivatives, the items being hedged, and any offsets between the derivatives and the items being hedged.

The following table presents the fair value of derivative instruments as of March 31, 2013 (dollars in thousands):
 
Notional
Amount of
Derivatives
 
Derivative
Assets
 
Derivative
Liabilities
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
 

 
 

 
 

Interest-rate swaps
$
13,900,150

 
$
72,879

 
$
(801,273
)
Forward-start interest-rate swaps
1,250,000

 

 
(64,465
)
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments
15,150,150

 
72,879

 
(865,738
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-rate swaps
1,369,500

 
672

 
(31,574
)
Interest-rate caps or floors
300,000

 
89

 

Mortgage-delivery commitments (1)
31,017

 
95

 
(7
)
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
1,700,517

 
856

 
(31,581
)
Total notional amount of derivatives
$
16,850,667

 
 

 
 

Total derivatives before netting adjustments
 

 
73,735

 
(897,319
)
Netting adjustments (2)
 

 
(73,498
)
 
73,498

Derivative assets and derivative liabilities
 

 
$
237

 
$
(823,821
)
_______________________
(1) 
Mortgage-delivery commitments are classified as derivatives with changes in fair value recorded in other income.
(2)
Amounts represent the effect of master-netting agreements intended to allow us to settle positive and negative positions with the same counterparty.

The following table presents the fair value of derivative instruments as of December 31, 2012 (dollars in thousands):


29


 
Notional
Amount of
Derivatives
 
Derivative
Assets
 
Derivative
Liabilities
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
 

 
 

 
 

Interest-rate swaps
$
14,595,750

 
$
87,463

 
$
(896,248
)
Forward-start interest-rate swaps
1,250,000

 

 
(64,897
)
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments
15,845,750

 
87,463

 
(961,145
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
 

 
 

 
 

Interest-rate swaps
1,364,500

 
849

 
(34,217
)
Interest-rate caps or floors
300,000

 
50

 

Mortgage-delivery commitments (1)
30,938

 
35

 
(16
)
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
1,695,438

 
934

 
(34,233
)
Total notional amount of derivatives
$
17,541,188

 
 

 
 

Total derivatives before netting and collateral adjustments
 

 
88,397

 
(995,378
)
Netting adjustments (2)
 

 
(88,286
)
 
88,286

Derivative assets and derivative liabilities
 

 
$
111

 
$
(907,092
)
_______________________
(1)
Mortgage-delivery commitments are classified as derivatives with changes in fair value recorded in other income.
(2)
Amounts represent the effect of master-netting agreements intended to allow us to settle positive and negative positions with the same counterparty.

Net (losses) gains on derivatives and hedging activities recorded in Other Income (Loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012 were as follows (dollars in thousands).

 
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2013
 
2012
Derivatives and hedged items in fair-value hedging relationships:
 
 
 
 
   Interest-rate swaps
 
$
455

 
$
1,060

Cash flow hedge ineffectiveness
 
4

 

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
 
 
 
 
   Economic hedges:
 
 
 
 
      Interest-rate swaps
 
875

 
691

      Interest-rate caps or floors
 
39

 
(22
)
   Mortgage-delivery commitments
 
(285
)
 
10

Total net gains related to derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
 
629

 
679

Net gains on derivatives and hedging activities
 
$
1,088

 
$
1,739


The following tables present, by type of hedged item, the gains (losses) on derivatives and the related hedged items in fair-value hedge relationships and the impact of those derivatives on our net interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012 (dollars in thousands):

30


 
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2013
 
Gain/(Loss) on
Derivative
 
Gain/(Loss) on
Hedged Item
 
Net Fair-Value
Hedge
Ineffectiveness
 
Effect of
Derivatives on
Net Interest
Income (1)
Hedged Item:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Advances
$
57,489

 
$
(57,274
)
 
$
215

 
$
(39,760
)
Investments
28,258

 
(28,093
)
 
165

 
(10,140
)
Deposits
(394
)
 
394

 

 
394

COs – bonds
(23,252
)
 
23,327

 
75

 
21,094

Total
$
62,101

 
$
(61,646
)
 
$
455

 
$
(28,412
)

 
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2012
 
Gain/(Loss) on
Derivative
 
Gain/(Loss) on
Hedged Item
 
Net Fair-Value
Hedge
Ineffectiveness
 
Effect of
Derivatives on
Net Interest
Income (1)
Hedged Item:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Advances
$
40,239

 
$
(39,878
)
 
$
361

 
$
(54,265
)
Investments
49,737

 
(49,055
)
 
682

 
(10,143
)
Deposits
(299
)
 
299

 

 
381

COs – bonds
(77,892
)
 
77,909

 
17

 
24,953

Total
$
11,785

 
$
(10,725
)
 
$
1,060

 
$
(39,074
)
______________
(1)  The net interest on derivatives in fair-value hedge relationships is presented in the statement of operations as interest income or interest expense of the respective hedged item.

The loss recognized in other comprehensive income for forward-start interest-rate swaps associated with CO bond hedged items in cash-flow hedging relationships was $428,000 and $3.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

For the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, there were no reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings as a result of the discontinuance of cash-flow hedges because the original forecasted transactions were not expected to occur by the end of the originally specified time period or within a two-month period thereafter. As of March 31, 2013, the maximum length of time over which we are hedging our exposure to the variability in future cash flows for forecasted transactions is six years.

Managing Credit Risk on Derivatives. We are subject to credit risk on our hedging activities due to the risk of nonperformance by counterparties to the derivative agreements. The amount of potential counterparty risk depends on the extent to which master-netting arrangements are included in such contracts to mitigate the risk. We try to limit counterparty credit risk through our ongoing monitoring of counterparty creditworthiness and adherence to the requirements set forth in our policies and FHFA regulations. We require collateral agreements in connection with our derivatives transactions. These collateral agreements include collateral delivery thresholds. All counterparties must execute master-netting agreements prior to entering into any interest-rate-exchange agreement with us. These master-netting agreements contain bilateral-collateral exchange agreements that require that credit exposure beyond a defined threshold amount be secured by readily marketable, U.S. Treasury or GSE securities, or cash. The level of these collateral threshold amounts varies according to the counterparty's Standard & Poor's Ratings Services (S&P) or Moody's Investors Service (Moody's) long-term credit ratings. Credit exposures are then measured daily and adjustments to collateral positions are made in accordance with the terms of the master-netting agreements. These master-netting agreements also contain bilateral ratings-tied termination events permitting us to terminate all outstanding agreements with a counterparty in the event of a specified rating downgrade by Moody's or S&P. Based on credit analyses and collateral requirements, we do not anticipate any credit losses on our derivative agreements.

Certain of our master-netting agreements contain provisions that require us to post additional collateral with our counterparties if our credit ratings are lowered. Under the terms that govern such agreements, if our credit rating is lowered by Moody's or S&P to a certain level, we are required to deliver additional collateral on derivative instruments in a net liability position. In the event of a split between such credit ratings, the lower rating governs. The aggregate fair value of all derivative instruments with

31


these provisions that were in a net-liability position (before cash collateral and related accrued interest) at March 31, 2013, was $823.8 million for which we had delivered collateral with a post-haircut value of $681.4 million in accordance with the terms of the master-netting agreements. The following table sets forth the post-haircut value of incremental collateral that certain swap counterparties could have required us to deliver based on incremental credit rating downgrades at March 31, 2013 (dollars in thousands).

Post-haircut Value of Incremental Collateral to be Delivered
 as of March 31, 2013
Ratings Downgrade (1)
 
 
From
To
 
Incremental Collateral(2)
AA+
AA or AA-
 
$
39,491

AA-
A+, A or A-
 
78,113

A-
below A-
 
19,034

_______________________
(1)
Ratings are expressed in this table according to S&P's conventions but include the equivalent of such rating by Moody's. If there is a split rating, the lower rating is used.
(2)
Additional collateral of $6.2 million could be called by counterparties as of March 31, 2013, at our current credit rating of AA+ (based on the lower of our credit ratings from S&P and Moody's) and is not included in the table.

We execute derivatives with nonmember counterparties with long-term ratings of single-A (or equivalent) or better by the major NRSROs at the time of the transaction, although risk-reducing trades are permitted for counterparties whose ratings have fallen below these ratings. Some of these counterparties or their affiliates buy, sell, and distribute COs. See Note 12 — Consolidated Obligations for additional information. See also Note 18 — Commitments and Contingencies for a discussion of assets we have pledged to these counterparties.

Offsetting of Derivative Assets and Derivative Liabilities. We may enter into enforceable master netting arrangements for derivative instruments that contain provisions allowing the legal right of offset. Under these agreements, we have the right to offset at the individual master agreement level, the gross derivative assets and gross derivative liabilities, and the related received or pledged cash collateral and associated accrued interest. We have elected to offset in our financial statements and disclosures.

The following presents separately the fair value of derivative instruments with and without the legal right of offset, including the related collateral received from or pledged to counterparties, based on the terms of our master netting arrangements or similar agreements as of March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012 (dollars in thousands).

 
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
 
 
Derivative Assets
 
Derivative Liabilities
 
Derivative Assets
 
Derivative Liabilities
Derivative instruments with legal right of offset
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross recognized amount
 
$
73,640

 
$
(897,312
)
 
$
88,362

 
$
(995,362
)
Gross amounts of netting adjustments and cash collateral
 
(73,498
)
 
73,498

 
(88,286
)
 
88,286

  Net amounts after offsetting adjustments
 
142

 
(823,814
)
 
76

 
(907,076
)
Derivative instruments without legal right of offset (1)
 
95

 
(7
)
 
35

 
(16
)
  Total derivative assets and total derivative liabilities
 
237

 
(823,821
)
 
111

 
(907,092
)
Non-cash collateral received or pledged not offset
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Can be sold or repledged
 

 
93,047

 

 
113,561

  Cannot be sold or repledged
 

 
586,882

 

 
651,692

 Net unsecured amount
 
$
237

 
$
(143,892
)
 
$
111

 
$
(141,839
)
_______________________
(1) Consists of mortgage delivery commitments.

Note 11 — Deposits


32


We offer demand and overnight deposits for members and qualifying nonmembers. In addition, we offer short-term interest-bearing deposit programs to members. Members that service mortgage loans may deposit funds collected in connection with mortgage loans pending disbursement of such funds to the owners of the mortgage loans. We classify these items as "other" in the following table.

Deposits at March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, include hedging adjustments of $2.3 million and $2.7 million, respectively.

The following table details interest-bearing and non-interest-bearing deposits (dollars in thousands):
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Interest bearing
 

 
 
Demand and overnight
$
612,275

 
$
530,887

Term
21,386

 
21,638

Other
3,277

 
4,915

Non-interest bearing
 

 
 

Other
25,687

 
37,528

Total deposits
$
662,625

 
$
594,968


The aggregate amount of time deposits with a denomination of $100,000 or more was $20.0 million as of March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012.

Note 12 — Consolidated Obligations

COs consist of CO bonds and CO discount notes. CO bonds are issued primarily to raise intermediate- and long-term funds and are not subject to any statutory or regulatory limits on maturity. CO discount notes are issued to raise short-term funds and have original maturities of up to one year. These notes sell at less than their face amount and are redeemed at par value when they mature.

COs - Bonds. The following table sets forth the outstanding CO bonds for which we were primarily liable at March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, by year of contractual maturity (dollars in thousands):
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Year of Contractual Maturity
Amount
 
Weighted
Average
Rate (1)
 
Amount
 
Weighted
Average
Rate (1)
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Due in one year or less
$
8,224,275

 
1.50
%
 
$
8,344,355

 
1.67
%
Due after one year through two years
5,435,155

 
1.78

 
5,447,000

 
1.36

Due after two years through three years
3,128,440

 
2.14

 
3,482,025

 
2.44

Due after three years through four years
1,882,875

 
1.89

 
1,975,360

 
2.34

Due after four years through five years
2,923,240

 
2.33

 
3,122,805

 
2.22

Thereafter
3,849,700

 
2.49

 
3,433,690

 
2.55

Total par value
25,443,685

 
1.91
%
 
25,805,235

 
1.94
%
Premiums
256,694

 
 

 
270,614

 
 

Discounts
(21,412
)
 
 

 
(22,842
)
 
 

Hedging adjustments
43,514

 
 

 
66,841

 
 

 
$
25,722,481

 
 

 
$
26,119,848

 
 

_______________________
(1)          The CO bonds' weighted-average rate excludes concession fees.

Our CO bonds outstanding at March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, included (dollars in thousands):

33


 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Par value of CO bonds
 

 
 

Noncallable and non-putable
$
23,080,685

 
$
23,732,235

Callable
2,363,000

 
2,073,000

Total par value
$
25,443,685

 
$
25,805,235


The following is a summary of the CO bonds for which we are primarily liable at March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, by year of contractual maturity or next call date for callable CO bonds (dollars in thousands):
Year of Contractual Maturity or Next Call Date
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Due in one year or less
 
$
10,422,275

 
$
10,222,355

Due after one year through two years
 
5,505,155

 
5,547,000

Due after two years through three years
 
3,183,440

 
3,537,025

Due after three years through four years
 
1,882,875

 
1,975,360

Due after four years through five years
 
2,688,240

 
2,917,805

Thereafter
 
1,761,700

 
1,605,690

Total par value
 
$
25,443,685

 
$
25,805,235


The following table sets forth the CO bonds for which we were primarily liable by interest-rate-payment type at March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012 (dollars in thousands):
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Par value of CO bonds
 

 
 

Fixed-rate
$
20,833,685

 
$
21,385,235

Simple variable-rate
3,570,000

 
3,570,000

Step-up
1,040,000

 
850,000

Total par value
$
25,443,685

 
$
25,805,235


COs – Discount Notes. Outstanding CO discount notes for which we were primarily liable, all of which are due within one year, were as follows (dollars in thousands):
 
Book Value
 
Par Value
 
Weighted Average
Rate (1)
March 31, 2013
$
5,980,709

 
$
5,981,500

 
0.11
%
December 31, 2012
$
8,639,048

 
$
8,640,000

 
0.09
%
_______________________
(1)          The CO discount notes' weighted-average rate represents a yield to maturity excluding concession fees.

Note 13 — Affordable Housing Program

We charge the amount set aside for the AHP to income and recognize it as a liability. We then reduce the AHP liability as the funds are disbursed. We had outstanding principal in AHP advances of $99.4 million and $99.9 million at March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, respectively.

The following table presents a roll-forward of the AHP liability for the three months ended March 31, 2013, and year ended December 31, 2012 (dollars in thousands):

34


 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Balance at beginning of year
$
50,545

 
$
34,241

AHP expense for the period
5,949

 
23,122

AHP direct grant disbursements
(1,821
)
 
(5,415
)
AHP subsidy for AHP advance disbursements
(90
)
 
(1,477
)
Return of previously disbursed grants and subsidies

 
74

Balance at end of period
$
54,583

 
$
50,545


Note 14 — Capital

We are subject to capital requirements under our capital plan, the FHLBank Act and FHFA regulations:
 
1.
Risk-based capital. We are required to maintain at all times permanent capital, defined as Class B stock, including Class B stock classified as mandatorily redeemable capital stock, and retained earnings, in an amount at least equal to the sum of our credit-risk capital requirement, market-risk capital requirement, and operations-risk capital requirement, calculated in accordance with FHFA rules and regulations, referred to herein as the risk-based capital requirement. Only permanent capital satisfies the risk-based capital requirement.
 
2.
Total regulatory capital. We are required to maintain at all times a total capital-to-assets ratio of at least four percent. Total regulatory capital is the sum of permanent capital, any general loss allowance if consistent with GAAP and not established for specific assets, and other amounts from sources determined by the FHFA as available to absorb losses.
 
3.
Leverage capital. We are required to maintain at all times a leverage capital-to-assets ratio of at least five percent. A leverage capital-to-assets ratio is defined as permanent capital weighted 1.5 times divided by total assets.
 
Mandatorily redeemable capital stock, which is classified as a liability under GAAP, is considered capital for determining our compliance with our regulatory capital requirements.

The following tables demonstrate our compliance with our regulatory capital requirements at March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012 (dollars in thousands):
Risk-Based Capital Requirements
March 31,
2013
 
December 31,
2012
 
 
 
 
Permanent capital
 

 
 

Class B capital stock
$
3,202,211

 
$
3,455,165

Mandatorily redeemable capital stock
190,889

 
215,863

Retained earnings
637,689

 
587,554

Total permanent capital
$
4,030,789

 
$
4,258,582

Risk-based capital requirement
 

 
 

Credit-risk capital
$
453,012

 
$
473,233

Market-risk capital
89,784

 
80,026

Operations-risk capital
162,839

 
165,978

Total risk-based capital requirement
$
705,635

 
$
719,237

Permanent capital in excess of risk-based capital requirement
$
3,325,154

 
$
3,539,345


35


 
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
 
 
Required
 
Actual
 
Required
 
Actual
Capital Ratio
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Risk-based capital
 
$
705,635

 
$
4,030,789

 
$
719,237

 
$
4,258,582

Total regulatory capital
 
$
1,477,397

 
$
4,030,789

 
$
1,608,361

 
$
4,258,582

Total capital-to-asset ratio
 
4.0
%
 
10.9
%
 
4.0
%
 
10.6
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Leverage Ratio
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Leverage capital
 
$
1,846,746

 
$
6,046,184

 
$
2,010,451

 
$
6,387,873

Leverage capital-to-assets ratio
 
5.0
%
 
16.4
%
 
5.0
%
 
15.9
%

Restricted Retained Earnings. Pursuant to a joint capital agreement among the FHLBanks, as amended (the Joint Capital Agreement), and our capital plan, we, together with the other FHLBanks, are required to contribute 20 percent of our quarterly net income to a restricted retained earnings account until the balance of that account equals at least one percent of the FHLBank's average balance of outstanding COs (excluding fair-value adjustments) for the calendar quarter. At March 31, 2013, our contribution requirement totaled $333.4 million. As of March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, restricted retained earnings totaled $75.0 million and $64.4 million, respectively. These restricted retained earnings are not available to pay dividends.

Note 15 — Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The following table presents a summary of changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012 (dollars in thousands):


36


 
 
Net Unrealized Loss on Available-for-sale Securities
 
Noncredit Portion of Other-than-temporary Impairment Losses on Held-to-maturity Securities
 
Net Unrealized Loss Relating to Hedging Activities
 
Pension and Postretirement Benefits
 
Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance, December 31, 2011
 
$
(48,560
)
 
$
(450,996
)
 
$
(32,308
)
 
$
(2,547
)
 
$
(534,411
)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net unrealized gains (losses)
 
849

 

 
(3,002
)
 

 
(2,153
)
Noncredit other-than-temporary impairment losses
 

 
(4,365
)
 

 

 
(4,365
)
Accretion of noncredit loss
 

 
20,070

 

 

 
20,070

Reclassifications from other comprehensive income to net income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noncredit other-than-temporary impairment losses reclassified to credit loss (1)
 

 
947

 

 

 
947

Amortization - hedging activities (2)
 

 

 
4

 

 
4

Amortization - pension and postretirement benefits (3)
 

 

 

 
76

 
76

Other comprehensive income (loss)
 
849

 
16,652

 
(2,998
)
 
76

 
14,579

Balance, March 31, 2012
 
$
(47,711
)
 
$
(434,344
)
 
$
(35,306
)
 
$
(2,471
)
 
$
(519,832
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2012
 
$
(22,643
)
 
$
(385,175
)
 
$
(65,027
)
 
$
(3,775
)
 
$
(476,620
)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net unrealized gains (losses)
 
(6,946
)
 

 
428

 

 
(6,518
)
Accretion of noncredit loss
 

 
15,009

 

 

 
15,009

Reclassifications from other comprehensive income to net income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noncredit other-than-temporary impairment losses reclassified to credit loss (1)
 

 
414

 

 

 
414

Amortization - hedging activities (2)
 

 

 
4

 

 
4

Amortization - pension and postretirement benefits (3)
 

 

 

 
141

 
141

Other comprehensive income (loss)
 
(6,946
)
 
15,423

 
432

 
141

 
9,050

Balance, March 31, 2013
 
$
(29,589
)
 
$
(369,752
)
 
$
(64,595
)
 
$
(3,634
)
 
$
(467,570
)
_______________________
(1) Recorded in net amount of impairment losses reclassified (from) to accumulated other comprehensive loss in the statement of operations.
(2) Recorded in net gains on derivatives and hedging activities in the statement of operations.
(3) Recorded in other operating expenses in the statement of operations.

Note 16 — Employee Retirement Plans

37



Qualified Defined Benefit Multiemployer Plan. We participate in the Pentegra Defined Benefit Plan for Financial Institutions (the Pentegra Defined Benefit Plan), a funded, tax-qualified, noncontributory defined-benefit pension plan. The Pentegra Defined Benefit Plan is treated as a multiemployer plan for accounting purposes, but operates as a multiple-employer plan under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (ERISA), and the Internal Revenue Code. Accordingly, certain multiemployer plan disclosures, including the certified zone status, are not applicable to the Pentegra Defined Benefit Plan. Under the Pentegra Defined Benefit Plan, contributions made by a participating employer may be used to provide benefits to employees of other participating employers since assets contributed by an employer are not segregated in a separate account or restricted to provide benefits only to employees of that employer. Also, in the event a participating employer is unable to meet its contribution requirements, the required contributions for the other participating employers could increase proportionately. The plan covers substantially all of our officers and employees. The following table sets forth our net pension costs and funded status under the Pentegra Defined Benefit Plan (dollars in thousands):
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2013
 
2012
Net pension cost
$
253

 
$
1,081


Qualified Defined Contribution Plan. We also participate in the Pentegra Defined Contribution Plan for Financial
Institutions, a tax-qualified defined contribution plan. The plan covers substantially all of our officers and employees. We contribute a percentage of the participants' compensation by making a matching contribution equal to a percentage of voluntary employee contributions, subject to certain limitations. Our matching contributions are charged to compensation and benefits expense.

Nonqualified Defined Contribution Plan. We also maintain the Thrift Benefit Equalization Plan, a nonqualified, unfunded deferred compensation plan covering certain of our senior officers and directors. The plan's liability consists of the accumulated compensation deferrals and the accumulated earnings on these deferrals. Our obligation from this plan was $4.2 million and $3.6 million at March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, respectively. We maintain a rabbi trust intended to satisfy future benefit obligations.

The following table sets forth expenses relating to our defined contribution plans (dollars in thousands):
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2013
 
2012
Qualified Defined Contribution Plan - Pentegra Defined Contribution Plan
$
229

 
$
240

Nonqualified Defined Contribution Plan - Thrift Benefit Equalization Plan
89

 
63


Nonqualified Supplemental Defined Benefit Retirement Plan. We also maintain a nonqualified, single-employer unfunded defined-benefit plan covering certain senior officers, for which our obligation is detailed below. We maintain a rabbi trust intended to meet future benefit obligations.

Postretirement Benefits. We sponsor a fully insured postretirement benefit program that includes life insurance benefits for eligible retirees. We provide life insurance to all employees who retire on or after age 55 after completing six years of service. No contributions are required from the retirees. There are no funded plan assets that have been designated to provide postretirement benefits.

In connection with the nonqualified supplemental defined benefit retirement plan and postretirement benefits, we recorded the following amounts as of March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012 (dollars in thousands):
 

38


 
Nonqualified Supplemental Defined Benefit Retirement Plan
 
Postretirement Benefits 
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Change in benefit obligation (1)
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Benefit obligation at beginning of year
$
7,969

 
$
5,901

 
$
721

 
$
634

Service cost
116

 
418

 
9

 
32

Interest cost
76

 
293

 
7

 
28

Actuarial loss

 
1,657

 

 
45

Benefits paid

 
(300
)
 

 
(18
)
Benefit obligation at end of period
8,161

 
7,969

 
737

 
721

Change in plan assets
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year

 

 

 

Employer contribution

 
300

 

 
18

Benefits paid

 
(300
)
 

 
(18
)
Fair value of plan assets at end of period

 

 

 

Funded status at end of period
$
(8,161
)
 
$
(7,969
)
 
$
(737
)
 
$
(721
)
______________________
(1)      This represents projected benefit obligation for the nonqualified supplemental defined benefit retirement plan and accumulated postretirement benefit obligation for postretirement benefits.

The following table presents the components of net periodic benefit cost and other amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss for our nonqualified supplemental defined benefit retirement plan and postretirement benefits for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012 (dollars in thousands):

 
 
Nonqualified Supplemental Defined Benefit Retirement Plan For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Postretirement
Benefits For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2013
 
2012
 
2013
 
2012
Net Periodic Benefit Cost
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Service cost
 
$
116

 
$
82

 
$
9

 
$
8

Interest cost
 
76

 
63

 
7

 
7

Amortization of net actuarial loss
 
138

 
73

 
3

 
3

Net periodic benefit cost
 
$
330

 
$
218

 
$
19

 
$
18


Note 17 — Fair Values

A fair value hierarchy is used to prioritize the inputs of valuation techniques used to measure fair value. A description of the application of the fair value hierarchy, valuation techniques, and significant inputs is disclosed in Item 1 — Financial Statements and Supplementary Data — Note 19 — Fair Values in the 2012 Annual Report. There have been no changes in the fair value hierarchy classification of financial assets and liabilities, valuation techniques, or significant inputs during the three month period ended March 31, 2013.

The carrying values, fair values, and fair-value hierarchy of our financial instruments at March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, were as follows (dollars in thousands). These values do not represent an estimate of the Bank's overall market value as a going concern, which would take into account, among other things, our future business opportunities and the net profitability of our assets and liabilities.

39


 
March 31, 2013
 
Carrying
Value
 
Total Fair Value
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Netting Adjustments and Cash Collateral
Financial instruments
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets:
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
$
369,189

 
$
369,189

 
$
369,189

 
$

 
$

 
$

Interest-bearing deposits
275

 
275

 
275

 

 

 

Securities purchased under agreements to resell
1,750,000

 
1,749,983

 

 
1,749,983

 

 

Federal funds sold
850,000

 
849,996

 

 
849,996

 

 

Trading securities(1)
265,722

 
265,722

 

 
265,722

 

 

Available-for-sale securities(1)
5,078,916

 
5,078,916

 

 
5,078,916

 

 

Held-to-maturity securities(2)
5,083,825

 
5,456,257

 

 
3,768,127

 
1,688,130

 

Advances
19,900,367

 
20,222,492

 

 
20,222,492

 

 

Mortgage loans, net
3,504,394

 
3,662,494

 

 
3,662,494

 

 

Accrued interest receivable
88,202

 
88,202

 

 
88,202

 

 

Derivative assets(1)
237

 
237

 

 
73,735

 

 
(73,498
)
Other assets (1)
9,440

 
9,440

 
5,682

 
3,758

 

 

Liabilities:


 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
(662,625
)
 
(662,557
)
 

 
(662,557
)
 

 

COs:


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Bonds
(25,722,481
)
 
(26,332,783
)
 

 
(26,332,783
)
 

 

Discount notes
(5,980,709
)
 
(5,980,946
)
 

 
(5,980,946
)
 

 

Mandatorily redeemable capital stock
(190,889
)
 
(190,889
)
 
(190,889
)
 

 

 

Accrued interest payable
(109,334
)
 
(109,334
)
 

 
(109,334
)
 

 

Derivative liabilities(1)
(823,821
)
 
(823,821
)
 

 
(897,319
)
 

 
73,498

Other:


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commitments to extend credit for advances

 
(423
)
 

 
(423
)
 

 

Standby bond-purchase agreements

 
44

 

 
44

 

 

Standby letters of credit
(867
)
 
(867
)
 

 
(867
)
 

 

_______________________
(1)
Carried at fair value on a recurring basis.
(2)
Private-label residential MBS and HFA securities are categorized as Level 3. Private-label residential MBS that have incurred other-than-temporary impairment losses are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. See the recurring and nonrecurring tables below for more details.



40


 
December 31, 2012
 
Carrying
Value
 
Fair
Value
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Netting Adjustments and Cash Collateral
Financial instruments
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets:
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
$
240,945

 
$
240,945

 
$
240,945

 
$

 
$

 
$

Interest-bearing deposits
192

 
192

 
192

 

 

 

Securities purchased under agreements to resell
4,015,000

 
4,014,989

 

 
4,014,989

 

 

Federal funds sold
600,000

 
599,994

 

 
599,994

 

 

Trading securities(1)
274,293

 
274,293

 

 
274,293

 

 

Available-for-sale securities(1)
5,268,237

 
5,268,237

 

 
5,268,237

 

 

Held-to-maturity securities(2)
5,396,335

 
5,699,230

 

 
4,060,941

 
1,638,289

 

Advances
20,789,704

 
21,168,928

 

 
21,168,928

 

 

Mortgage loans, net
3,478,896

 
3,667,342

 

 
3,667,342

 

 

Accrued interest receivable
100,404

 
100,404

 

 
100,404

 

 

Derivative assets(1)
111

 
111

 

 
88,397

 

 
(88,286
)
Other assets(1)
8,402

 
8,402

 
4,154

 
4,248

 

 

Liabilities:
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
(594,968
)
 
(594,856
)
 

 
(594,856
)
 

 

COs:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Bonds
(26,119,848
)
 
(26,813,277
)
 

 
(26,813,277
)
 

 

Discount notes
(8,639,048
)
 
(8,639,373
)
 

 
(8,639,373
)
 

 

Mandatorily redeemable capital stock
(215,863
)
 
(215,863
)
 
(215,863
)
 

 

 

Accrued interest payable
(96,356
)
 
(96,356
)
 

 
(96,356
)
 

 

Derivative liabilities(1)
(907,092
)
 
(907,092
)
 

 
(995,378
)
 

 
88,286

Other:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commitments to extend credit for advances

 
(229
)
 

 
(229
)
 

 

Standby bond-purchase agreements

 
358

 

 
358

 

 

Standby letters of credit
(523
)
 
(523
)
 

 
(523
)
 

 

_______________________
(1)
Carried at fair value on a recurring basis.
(2)
Private-label residential MBS and HFA securities are categorized as Level 3. Private-label residential MBS that have incurred other-than-temporary impairment losses are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. See the recurring and nonrecurring tables below for more details.

Fair Value Measured on a Recurring Basis.

The following tables present our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on the statement of condition, which are recorded on a recurring basis at March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, by fair-value hierarchy level (dollars in thousands):
 

41


 
March 31, 2013
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Netting
Adjustment (1)
 
Total
Assets:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Trading securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government-guaranteed – residential MBS
$

 
$
16,259

 
$

 
$

 
$
16,259

GSEs – residential MBS

 
4,569

 

 

 
4,569

GSEs – commercial MBS

 
244,894

 

 

 
244,894

Total trading securities

 
265,722

 

 

 
265,722

Available-for-sale securities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Supranational institutions

 
464,958

 

 

 
464,958

U.S. government-owned corporations

 
284,209

 

 

 
284,209

GSEs

 
1,869,872

 

 

 
1,869,872

U.S. government guaranteed – residential MBS

 
347,850

 

 

 
347,850

GSEs – residential MBS

 
2,112,027

 

 

 
2,112,027

Total available-for-sale securities

 
5,078,916

 

 

 
5,078,916

Derivative assets:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Interest-rate-exchange agreements

 
73,640

 

 
(73,498
)
 
142

Mortgage delivery commitments

 
95

 

 

 
95

Total derivative assets

 
73,735

 

 
(73,498
)
 
237

Other assets
5,682

 
3,758

 

 

 
9,440

Total assets at fair value
$
5,682

 
$
5,422,131

 
$

 
$
(73,498
)
 
$
5,354,315

Liabilities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Derivative liabilities
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Interest-rate-exchange agreements
$

 
$
(897,312
)
 
$

 
$
73,498

 
$
(823,814
)
Mortgage delivery commitments

 
(7
)
 

 

 
(7
)
Total liabilities at fair value
$

 
$
(897,319
)
 
$

 
$
73,498

 
$
(823,821
)
_______________________
(1)        These amounts represent the effect of master netting agreements intended to allow us to settle positive and negative positions and also cash collateral held or placed with the same counterparty. We did not have cash collateral associated with derivatives, including accrued interest, as of March 31, 2013.



42


 
December 31, 2012
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Netting
Adjustment (1)
 
Total
Assets:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Trading securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government-guaranteed – residential MBS
$

 
$
16,876

 
$

 
$

 
$
16,876

GSEs – residential MBS

 
4,946

 

 

 
4,946

GSEs – commercial MBS

 
252,471

 

 

 
252,471

Total trading securities

 
274,293

 

 

 
274,293

Available-for-sale securities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Supranational institutions

 
473,484

 

 

 
473,484

U.S. government-owned corporations

 
291,081

 

 

 
291,081

GSEs

 
2,085,084

 

 

 
2,085,084

U.S. government guaranteed – residential MBS

 
73,359

 

 

 
73,359

GSEs – residential MBS

 
2,244,794

 

 

 
2,244,794

GSEs – commercial MBS

 
100,435

 

 

 
100,435

Total available-for-sale securities

 
5,268,237

 

 

 
5,268,237

Derivative assets:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Interest-rate-exchange agreements

 
88,362

 

 
(88,286
)
 
76

Mortgage delivery commitments

 
35

 

 

 
35

Total derivative assets

 
88,397

 

 
(88,286
)
 
111

Other assets
4,154

 
4,248

 

 

 
8,402

Total assets at fair value
$
4,154

 
$
5,635,175

 
$

 
$
(88,286
)
 
$
5,551,043

Liabilities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Derivative liabilities
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Interest-rate-exchange agreements
$

 
$
(995,362
)
 
$

 
$
88,286

 
$
(907,076
)
Mortgage delivery commitments

 
(16
)
 

 

 
(16
)
Total liabilities at fair value
$

 
$
(995,378
)
 
$

 
$
88,286

 
$
(907,092
)
_______________________
(1)         These amounts represent the effect of master netting agreements intended to allow us to settle positive and negative positions and also cash collateral held or placed with the same counterparty. We did not have cash collateral associated with derivatives, including accrued interest, as of December 31, 2012.

Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

We measure certain held-to-maturity investment securities and REO at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, that is, they are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair-value adjustments only in certain circumstances (for example, upon recognizing an other-than-temporary impairment on a held-to-maturity security).
 
The following tables present financial assets by level within the fair-value hierarchy which are recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012 (dollars in thousands).
 
 
March 31, 2013
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Held-to-maturity securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Private-label residential MBS
$

 
$

 
$
1

 
$
1

REO

 

 
289

 
289

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
$

 
$

 
$
290

 
$
290


43



 
December 31, 2012
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Held-to-maturity securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Private-label residential MBS
$

 
$

 
$
25

 
$
25

REO

 

 
195

 
195

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
$

 
$

 
$
220

 
$
220


Note 18 — Commitments and Contingencies

Joint and Several Liability. COs are backed by the financial resources of the FHLBanks. The FHFA has authority to require any FHLBank to repay all or a portion of the principal and interest on COs for which another FHLBank is the primary obligor. No FHLBank has ever been asked or required to repay the principal or interest on any CO on behalf of another FHLBank. We evaluate the financial condition of the other FHLBanks primarily based on known regulatory actions, publicly available financial information, and individual long-term credit-rating action as of each period-end presented. Based on this evaluation, as of March 31, 2013, and through the filing of this report, we do not believe that it is reasonably likely that we will be required to repay the principal or interest on any CO on behalf of another FHLBank.

We have considered applicable FASB guidance and determined it is not necessary to recognize a liability for the fair value of our joint and several liability for all of the COs. The joint and several obligation is mandated by FHFA regulations and is not the result of an arms-length transaction among the FHLBanks. The FHLBanks have no control over the amount of the guaranty or the determination of how each FHLBank would perform under the joint and several obligation. Because the FHLBanks are subject to the authority of the FHFA as it relates to decisions involving the allocation of the joint and several liability for the FHLBanks' COs, the FHLBanks' joint and several obligation is excluded from the initial recognition and measurement provisions. Accordingly, we have not recognized a liability for our joint and several obligation related to other FHLBanks' COs at March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012. The par amounts of other FHLBanks' outstanding COs for which we are jointly and severally liable totaled $634.6 billion and $653.5 billion at March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, respectively. See Note 12 — Consolidated Obligations for additional information.

Off-Balance-Sheet Commitments

The following table sets forth our off-balance-sheet commitments as of March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012 (dollars in thousands):

 
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
 
 
Expire within one year
 
Expire after one year
 
Total
 
Expire within one year
 
Expire after one year
 
Total
Standby letters of credit outstanding (1)
 
$
2,608,160

 
$
284,716

 
$
2,892,876

 
$
870,905

 
$
343,744

 
$
1,214,649

Commitments for standby bond purchases
 
93,125

 

 
93,125

 
158,960

 

 
158,960

Commitments for unused lines of credit - advances (2)
 
1,287,786

 

 
1,287,786

 
1,290,776

 

 
1,290,776

Commitments to make additional advances
 
45,569

 
59,577

 
105,146

 
22,985

 
72,036

 
95,021

Commitments to invest in mortgage loans
 
31,017

 

 
31,017

 
30,938

 

 
30,938

Unsettled CO bonds, at par (3)
 
143,250

 

 
143,250

 
124,100

 

 
124,100

Unsettled CO discount notes, at par
 
230,000

 

 
230,000

 
1,405,000

 

 
1,405,000

__________________________

44


(1)
This row excludes commitments to issue standby letters of credit that expire within one year totaling $2.3 million and commitments that expire after one year totaling $8.6 million as of March 31, 2013. Also excluded are commitments to issue standby letters of credit that expire within one year totaling $12.6 million at December 31, 2012.
(2)
Commitments for unused line-of-credit advances are generally for periods of up to 12 months. Since many of these commitments are not expected to be drawn upon, the total commitment amount does not necessarily indicate future liquidity requirements.
(3)
We had $15.0 million in unsettled CO bonds that were hedged with associated interest-rate swaps at March 31, 2013. We had $100.0 million in unsettled CO bonds that were hedged with associated interest-rate swaps at December 31, 2012.

Standby Letters of Credit. Standby letters of credit are executed with members or housing associates for a fee. A standby letter of credit is a financing arrangement between us and a member or housing associate pursuant to which we agree to fund the associated member's or housing associate's obligation to a third-party beneficiary should that member or housing associate fail to fund such obligation. If we are required to make payment for a beneficiary's draw, the payment amount is converted into a collateralized advance to the member or housing associate. The original terms of these standby letters of credit range from final expiries in one month to 20 years. Our unearned fees for the value of the guarantees related to standby letters of credit are recorded in other liabilities and totaled $867,000 and $523,000 at March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, respectively.

We monitor the creditworthiness of our members and housing associates that have standby letter of credit agreements outstanding based on our evaluations of the financial condition of the member or housing associate. We review available financial data, which can include regulatory call reports filed by depository institution members, regulatory financial statements filed with the appropriate state insurance department by insurance company members, audited financial statements of housing associates, SEC filings, and rating-agency reports to ensure that potentially troubled members are identified as soon as possible. In addition, we have access to most members' regulatory examination reports. We analyze this information on a regular basis.
Standby letters of credit are fully collateralized at the time of issuance. Based on our credit analyses and collateral requirements, we have not deemed it necessary to record any additional liability on these commitments.
Standby Bond-Purchase Agreements. We enter into standby bond-purchase agreements with state housing authorities whereby we, for a fee, agree to purchase and hold the housing authority’s bonds until the designated remarketing agent can find an investor or the housing authority repurchases the bonds according to a schedule established by the standby bond-purchase agreement. Each standby bond-purchase agreement specifies the terms that would require us to purchase the bonds. The standby bond-purchase commitments we entered into expire between one and three years following the start of the commitment, and all had expired in April 2013. At both March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, we had standby bond-purchase agreements with one state housing authority. During the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, we were not required to purchase any bonds under these agreements.
Commitments to Invest in Mortgage Loans. Commitments to invest in mortgage loans are generally for periods not to exceed 45 business days. Such commitments are recorded as derivatives at their fair values on the statement of condition.
 
Pledged Collateral. We execute new derivatives with counterparties with long-term ratings of single-A (or equivalent) or better by both S&P and Moody’s. All derivatives are subject to master-netting agreements which include bilateral-collateral agreements. New derivatives transactions with counterparties rated lower than single-A (or equivalent) are permitted only if they reduce exposure to that counterparty. As of March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, we had pledged as collateral securities that cannot be sold or repledged by the counterparty with a carrying value, including accrued interest, of $590.7 million and $650.9 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, we had also pledged as collateral securities that can be sold or repledged with a carrying value, including accrued interest, of $89.9 million and $109.1 million, respectively.

Legal Proceedings. We are subject to various legal proceedings arising in the normal course of business from time to time. Management does not anticipate that the ultimate liability, if any, arising out of these matters will have a material effect on our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

Note 19 — Transactions with Related Parties
 
We define related parties as those members whose capital stock holdings are in excess of 10 percent of total capital stock outstanding. The following table presents member holdings of 10 percent or more of total capital stock outstanding at March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012 (dollars in thousands):


45


 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
 
Capital Stock
Outstanding
 
Percent
of Total
 
Capital Stock
Outstanding
 
Percent
of Total
Bank of America Rhode Island, N.A. (1)
$
859,449

 
25.3
%
 
$
978,084

 
26.6
%
RBS Citizens N.A.
430,077

 
12.7

 
484,517

 
13.2

_________________________
(1)
Capital stock outstanding at March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, includes $1.6 million and $1.9 million, respectively, held by CW Reinsurance Company, a subsidiary of Bank of America Corporation.

The following table presents outstanding advances to related parties and total accrued interest receivable from those advances as of March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012 (dollars in thousands):
 
Par
Value of
Advances
 
Percent of Total Par Value
of Advances
 
Total Accrued
Interest
Receivable
 
Percent of Total
Accrued Interest
Receivable on
Advances
As of March 31, 2013
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Bank of America Rhode Island, N.A.
$
105,528

 
0.5
%
 
$
468

 
1.3
%
RBS Citizens N.A.
19,660

 
0.1

 
72

 
0.2

As of December 31, 2012
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

RBS Citizens N.A.
$
519,808

 
2.6
%
 
$
109

 
0.3
%
Bank of America Rhode Island, N.A.
101,795

 
0.5

 
437

 
1.2

 
The following table presents an analysis of advances activity with related parties for the three months ended March 31, 2013 (dollars in thousands):
 
 
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2013
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2012
 
Disbursements to
Members
 
Payments from
Members
 
Balance at March 31, 2013
RBS Citizens N.A.
$
519,808

 
$
500,000

 
$
(1,000,148
)
 
$
19,660

Bank of America Rhode Island, N.A.
101,795

 
4,600

 
(867
)
 
105,528


We held sufficient collateral to support the advances to the above institutions such that we do not expect to incur any credit losses on these advances.

We recognized interest income on outstanding advances from the above members during the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012 as follows (dollars in thousands):
 
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2013
 
2012
Bank of America Rhode Island, N.A.
 
$
1,349

 
$
1,351

RBS Citizens N.A.
 
558

 
2,628


The following table presents an analysis of outstanding derivatives with affiliates of related parties at March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012 (dollars in thousands):
 
 
 
 
 
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Derivatives Counterparty
 
Affiliate Member
 
Primary
Relationship
 
Notional
Amount
 
Percent of
Total
Derivatives (1)
 
Notional
Amount
 
Percent of
Total
Derivatives (1)
Bank of America, N.A.
 
Bank of America Rhode Island, N.A.
 
Dealer
 
$
1,325,650

 
7.9
%
 
$
1,484,150

 
8.5
%
Royal Bank of Scotland, PLC
 
RBS Citizens, N.A.
 
Dealer
 
10,000

 
0.1

 
20,000

 
0.1

_________________________

46


(1)          The percent of total derivatives outstanding is based on the stated notional amount of all derivatives outstanding.

Note 20 — Transactions with Other FHLBanks

We may occasionally enter into transactions with other FHLBanks. These transactions are summarized below.

Overnight Funds. We may borrow or lend unsecured overnight funds from or to other FHLBanks. All such transactions are at current market rates. Interest income and interest expense related to these transactions with other FHLBanks are included within other interest income and interest expense from other borrowings in the statement of operations.

MPF Mortgage Loans. We pay a transaction-services fee to the FHLBank of Chicago for our participation in the MPF program. This fee is assessed monthly, and is based upon the amount of mortgage loans which we invested in after January 1, 2004, and which remain outstanding on our statement of condition. We recorded $380,000 and $298,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, in MPF transaction-services fee expense to the FHLBank of Chicago which has been recorded in the statement of operations as other expense.

Note 21 — Subsequent Events

On April 18, 2013, the board of directors declared a cash dividend at an annualized rate of 0.40 percent based on capital stock balances outstanding during the first quarter of 2013. The dividend, including dividends on mandatorily redeemable capital stock, amounted to $3.6 million and was paid on May 2, 2013.

Bank of America, Rhode Island (BANA RI), our largest member by capital stock outstanding at March 31, 2013, merged into its parent Bank of America, N.A. (BANA) in April 2013. BANA is ineligible for membership. Capital stock associated with BANA RI was reclassified to mandatorily redeemable capital stock at that time and all future dividends paid on shares held by BANA, as successor to BANA RI, will be reported as interest expense in our statement of operations.

47


ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Forward-Looking Statements
 
This report includes statements describing anticipated developments, projections, estimates, or future predictions of ours that are “forward-looking statements.” These statements may use forward-looking terminology such as, but not limited to, “anticipates,” “believes,” “expects,” “plans,” “intends,” “may,” “could,” “estimates,” “assumes,” “should,” “will,” “likely,” or their negatives or other variations on these terms. We caution that, by their nature, forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks or uncertainties, including the risk factors set forth in Item 1A — Risk Factors in the 2012 Annual Report and Part II —Item 1A — Risk Factors of this quarterly report, and the risks set forth below. Accordingly, we caution that actual results could differ materially from those expressed or implied in these forward-looking statements or could impact the extent to which a particular objective, projection, estimate, or prediction is realized. As a result, you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such statements. We do not undertake to update any forward-looking statement herein or that may be made from time to time on our behalf.
 
Forward-looking statements in this report may include, among others, our expectations for:

income, retained earnings, and dividend payouts;
repurchases of excess stock;
credit losses on advances and investments in mortgage loans and ABS, particularly private-label MBS;
balance-sheet changes and components thereof, such as changes in advances balances and the size of our portfolio of investments in mortgage loans;
our retained earnings target; and
the interest-rate environment in which we do business.

Actual results may differ from forward-looking statements for many reasons, including, but not limited to:
 
changes in interest rates, the rate of inflation (or deflation), housing prices, employment rates, and the general economy, including changes resulting from changes in U.S. fiscal policy, the European sovereign debt crisis, and/or the downgrade of the U.S. federal government;
changes in the size of the residential mortgage market;
changes in demand for our advances and other products resulting from changes in members' deposit flows and credit demands or otherwise;
the willingness of our members to do business with us despite limited repurchases of excess stock and modest dividend payments;
changes in the financial health of our members;
insolvencies of our members;
increases in borrower defaults on mortgage loans;
deterioration in the credit performance of our private-label MBS portfolio beyond forecasted assumptions concerning loan default rates, loss severities, and prepayment speeds resulting in the realization of additional other-than-temporary impairment charges;
deterioration in the credit performance of our investments in mortgage loans and increases in loss severities from those investments;
an increase in advance prepayments as a result of changes in interest rates or other factors;
the volatility of market prices, rates, and indices that could affect the value of collateral we hold as security for obligations of our members and counterparties to interest-rate-exchange agreements and similar agreements;
issues and events across the FHLBank System and in the political arena that may lead to regulatory, judicial, or other developments may affect the marketability of the COs, our financial obligations with respect to COs, our ability to access the capital markets, our members, the manner in which we operate, or the organization and structure of the FHLBank System;
competitive forces including, without limitation, other sources of funding available to our members, other entities borrowing funds in the capital markets, and the ability to attract and retain skilled employees;

48


the pace of technological change and our ability to develop and support technology and information systems sufficient to manage the risks of our business effectively;
the loss of members through mergers and similar activities;
changes in investor demand for COs and/or the terms of interest-rate-exchange-agreements and similar agreements;
the timing and volume of market activity;
the volatility of reported results due to changes in the fair value of certain assets and liabilities, including, but not limited to, private-label MBS;
the ability to introduce new (or adequately adapt current) products and services and successfully manage the risks associated with those products and services, including new types of collateral used to secure advances;
the availability of derivative instruments of the types and in the quantities needed for risk-management purposes from acceptable counterparties;
the realization of losses arising from litigation filed against us or one or more of the other FHLBanks;
the realization of losses arising from our joint and several liability on COs;
significant business disruptions resulting from natural or other disasters, acts of war, or terrorism; and
the effect of new accounting standards, including the development of supporting systems.

These risk factors are not exhaustive. We operate in a changing economic and regulatory environment, and new risk factors will emerge from time to time. We cannot predict such new risk factors nor can we assess the impact, if any, of such new risk factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those implied by any forward-looking statements.

The Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with our interim financial statements and notes, which begin on page three, and the 2012 Annual Report.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
 
We continued to strengthen our financial condition during the three months ended March 31, 2013, recognizing net income of $53.3 million compared with $46.8 million for the same period in 2012. Credit losses from the other-than-temporary impairment of investments in private-label MBS totaled $421,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2013, a reduction of $2.5 million from the comparable period of 2012.

Additionally:

retained earnings increased from $587.6 million at December 31, 2012, to $637.7 million at March 31, 2013;
accumulated other comprehensive loss related to the noncredit portion of other-than-temporary impairment losses on held-to-maturity securities improved from an accumulated other comprehensive loss of $385.2 million at December 31, 2012, to an accumulated other comprehensive loss of $369.8 million at March 31, 2013;
we continue to be in compliance with all regulatory capital requirements, as of March 31, 2013;
on April 18, 2013, our board of directors declared a cash dividend that was equivalent to an annual yield of 0.40 percent; and
on March 11, 2013, we completed our second (since instituting the otherwise continuing moratorium on excess stock repurchase in December 2008), limited repurchase of excess stock in the amount of $300.0 million.

In declaring the cash dividend, our board of directors reiterated that it anticipates that it will continue to declare modest cash dividends through 2013 consistent with this dividend declaration, although a quarterly loss or a significant adverse event or trend would cause a dividend to be suspended.

We remain focused on building retained earnings while endeavoring to contain risk so that we can provide a stable return on our capital stock and repurchase excess stock when prudent.

We continue to face certain challenges, the foremost of which arises from the continuing, prolonged low interest-rate environment combined with the decline of our advances balances. We continue to believe that these factors are likely to negatively impact future earnings, absent unpredictable events such as prepayment fee income.

Low Interest-Rate Environment. Since 2008, the Federal Reserve has targeted and maintained a historically low interest-

49


rate environment for short- and long-term financial instruments, which we expect to continue in 2013 based on the Federal Reserve's policy statements and other political and economic considerations, as discussed under — Housing Market and Economic Conditions. A prolonged low interest-rate environment continues to adversely impact us in various ways such as members significantly increasing their reliance on short-term advances that typically have lower market yields for us than longer-term advances; lower market yields on investments (as we continue to experience), including money-market investments in which our capital is deployed; and faster prepayments on our mortgage-related assets, with resultant reinvestment risk. Quantitative easing by the Federal Reserve has been directed at purchasing agency MBS and long-term U.S. Treasury securities, reducing yields on these securities to levels that are generally not attractive for us as an investor, and as a result, balances in our long-term investment portfolios are not likely to grow significantly in the near term. Accordingly, our net income and, in turn, our financial condition and results of operations, are likely to be adversely impacted by a prolonged low interest-rate environment.

Decline of Advances Balances. The outstanding par balance of advances decreased from $20.3 billion at December 31, 2012, to $19.4 billion at March 31, 2013. Demand for advances continues to be muted, as our members continue to experience high levels of deposits. Generally, deposits serve as liquidity alternatives to advances. Additionally, our membership has experienced only modest growth in demand for their loans. We do not expect advances balances to rise so long as deposit levels at members remain high in the absence of any other changes that would generally cause demand for advances to grow, such as stronger demand for loans. The decline in our advances balances since December 31, 2008, is likely to negatively impact future earnings, particularly given the low interest-rate environment discussed above, because reinvestment opportunities are not as profitable in such an environment.

The trend in advances balances is illustrated by the following graph:


Investments in Private-Label MBS. The amortized cost of our total investments in private-label MBS and ABS backed by home-equity loans has declined to $1.7 billion at March 31, 2013, compared with $6.4 billion at September 30, 2007; however, additional losses from that portfolio are possible. We have determined that eight of our private-label MBS, representing an aggregated par value of $60.9 million, incurred additional other-than-temporary impairment credit losses of $421,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2013. We continue to update our modeling assumptions to reflect current developments impacting the loan performance of the mortgage loans that back our investments in private-label MBS, particularly Alt-A mortgage loans originated from 2005 to 2007 that comprise a significant portion of the loans backing these securities. Generally, performance trends on this collateral have improved during the three months ended March 31, 2013, as economic conditions have improved nationally, leading to lower default and loss rates and higher market prices for securities tied to this type of collateral since December 31, 2012. However, not all areas of the country

50


have participated equally in the housing recovery, with some areas still influenced by such factors as continuing elevated unemployment rates, high levels of foreclosures and troubled real estate loans, and limited refinancing opportunities for many borrowers, especially those whose houses are worth less than the balance of their mortgages.

We also update our modeling assumptions based on noneconomic factors that impact or could impact the performance of these investments, including certain federal programs (and proposed programs) intended to assist and/or protect borrowers, and related developments that could result in further losses. We continue to monitor these and related developments, including litigation involving private-label MBS, which could result in loss severities beyond current expectations due to disruptions of cash flows from impacted securities and further depression in real estate prices.

For the three months ended March 31, 2013, we recognized $2.9 million in net income resulting from the increased accretable yields of certain private-label MBS for which we had previously recognized credit losses. For a discussion of this accounting treatment, see Item 8 — Financial Statements and Supplementary Data — Note 1 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — Investment Securities - Other-than-Temporary Impairment — Interest Income Recognition in the 2012 Annual Report.

Other significant trends and developments include the following:

Legislative and Regulatory Developments. We continue to operate in an uncertain legislative and regulatory environment undergoing profound change. These changes are likely to have multiple important impacts on us, as discussed under — Legislative and Regulatory Developments. Additionally, the FHFA has communicated its interest in maintaining the FHLBanks' focus on mission-related activities. For example, the FHFA has noted the importance of making advances versus other FHLBank activities, such as investing. It is possible that the FHFA could require FHLBanks to maintain a lower ratio of total investments to total assets or the FHFA could require an FHLBank to maintain a higher ratio of mission-related assets to total assets. If such changes were required, we may have to divest non-mission-related assets or reduce non-mission-related activities, which we expect would adversely impact our desired level of investments used for liquidity and our results of operations.

Strong Net Interest Margin. Despite the historically low interest-rate environment, we continue to achieve a favorable net interest margin. Net interest margin is expressed as the percentage of net interest income to average earning assets. Net interest margin for the three months ended March 31, 2013, was 0.80 percent, a 24 basis point increase from net interest margin for the three months ended March 31, 2012. Prepayment-fee income was an important contributor to net interest margin for the three months ended March 31, 2013, as demonstrated by the tables captioned “Net Interest Spread and Margin without Prepayment-Fee Income” under — Results of Operations — Rate and Volume Analysis. These prepayment fees represent a substantial contribution to our net income that should not be counted on to recur every year. Further, the increase in net interest margin was achieved despite the continuing low interest-rate environment due in part to continued low average funding costs. Demand for COs remained strong and funding costs remained low throughout 2012, a trend we expect to continue. Other factors behind the improvement in net interest margin include an increase in yields on certain previously other-than-temporarily impaired private-label MBS for which a significant improvement in cash flows has been projected, and lower than expected prepayment activity on fixed-rate mortgage-related assets.

Notwithstanding our success in achieving strong net interest margin and strong net interest spread for the quarter we expect these measurements to decline based on the sustained low-interest-rate environment noted above combined with increasingly limited opportunities to redeem and refinance our debt, coupled with the continued amortization of our seasoned investments in mortgage loans (including fixed-rate agency MBS).

HOUSING AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

Our results and future prospects have been influenced by both New England and national housing and economic conditions.

Generally, the U.S. economy is expanding at a modest pace. Consistently strong national home price data over the past several months suggest that a national housing recovery is underway with various housing price indices posting significant increases in recent periods. However, New England, is nearing its sixth straight year of home price declines, according to the FHFA housing price index. Massachusetts and Vermont were the only New England states to experience year-over-year home price increases in the final quarter of 2012, albeit at a slower pace than the national growth rate.

Jobs data continues to improve in 2013, albeit slowly. New England has experienced six consecutive months of employment gains through January 2013 and the district's unemployment rate continued to improve through February.


51


As discussed under — Executive Summary — Low Interest-Rate Environment, we continue to operate in a historically low interest-rate environment, which we expect to continue to adversely impact our results of operations. We base our expectation principally on the Federal Reserve's Federal Open Market Committee's reiteration of its commitment to low interest rates and stimulatory economic policies, including its statement that it anticipates that exceptionally low levels for the federal funds rate will be appropriate at least as long as the unemployment rate remains above 6.5 percent and expectations of inflation remain consistent with a longer-run target of 2 percent.

The following chart demonstrates the persistent low-interest-rate environment.


SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following financial highlights for the statement of condition for December 31, 2012, have been derived from our audited financial statements. Financial highlights for the quarter-ends have been derived from our unaudited financial statements. 


52


SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
STATEMENT OF CONDITION
 
 (dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
March 31,
2013
 
December 31,
2012
 
September 30,
2012
 
June 30,
2012
 
March 31,
2012
Statement of Condition Data at Quarter End
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets
 
$
36,934,925

 
$
40,209,017

 
$
45,742,535

 
$
49,763,227

 
$
46,911,899

Investments(1)
 
13,028,738

 
15,554,057

 
17,948,073

 
19,363,944

 
18,589,831

Advances
 
19,900,367

 
20,789,704

 
23,915,687

 
26,456,739

 
24,891,964

Mortgage loans held for portfolio, net(2)
 
3,504,394

 
3,478,896

 
3,431,534

 
3,311,457

 
3,166,457

Deposits and other borrowings
 
662,625

 
594,968

 
685,328

 
668,836

 
760,374

Consolidated obligations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    Bonds
 
25,722,481

 
26,119,848

 
28,238,899

 
27,622,744

 
28,533,735

    Discount notes
 
5,980,709

 
8,639,048

 
11,993,572

 
16,610,160

 
12,834,056

    Total consolidated obligations
 
31,703,190

 
34,758,896

 
40,232,471

 
44,232,904

 
41,367,791

Mandatorily redeemable capital stock
 
190,889

 
215,863

 
215,863

 
215,863

 
214,859

Class B capital stock outstanding-putable(3)
 
3,202,211

 
3,455,165

 
3,433,016

 
3,420,870

 
3,402,556

Unrestricted retained earnings
 
562,671

 
523,203

 
484,574

 
448,330

 
408,154

Restricted retained earnings
 
75,018

 
64,351

 
53,660

 
43,496

 
32,299

Total retained earnings
 
637,689

 
587,554

 
538,234

 
491,826

 
440,453

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
 
(467,570
)
 
(476,620
)
 
(504,674
)
 
(528,442
)
 
(519,832
)
Total capital
 
3,372,330

 
3,566,099

 
3,466,576

 
3,384,254

 
3,323,177

Other Information
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total regulatory capital ratio(4)
 
10.9
%
 
10.6
%
 
9.2
%
 
8.3
%
 
8.7
%
_______________________
(1)
Investments include available-for-sale securities, held-to-maturity securities, trading securities, interest-bearing deposits, securities purchased under agreements to resell and federal funds sold.
(2)
The allowance for credit losses amounted to $3.4 million, $4.4 million, $5.5 million, $6.1 million, and $6.6 million as of March 31, 2013, December 31, 2012, September 30, 2012, June 30, 2012, and March 31, 2012, respectively.
(3)
Capital stock is putable at the option of a member, subject to applicable restrictions.
(4)
Total regulatory capital ratio is capital stock (including mandatorily redeemable capital stock) plus total retained earnings as a percentage of total assets. See Item 1 — Financial Statements and Notes — Notes to Financial Statements — Note 14 — Capital


53


SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND OTHER INFORMATION
 (dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended
 
 
March 31,
2013
 
December 31,
2012
 
September 30,
2012
 
June 30,
2012
 
March 31,
2012
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income
 
$
76,348

 
$
81,753

 
$
72,801

 
$
89,552

 
68,342

Reduction of provision for credit losses
 
(1,087
)
 
(1,070
)
 
(523
)
 
(383
)
 
(1,151
)
Net impairment losses on held-to-maturity securities recognized in earnings
 
(421
)
 
(1,629
)
 
(1,092
)
 
(1,492
)
 
(2,960
)
Other (loss) income
 
(2,276
)
 
(4,951
)
 
(698
)
 
(10,531
)
 
1,245

Other expense
 
15,455

 
16,827

 
15,039

 
15,671

 
15,746

AHP assessments
 
5,949

 
5,962

 
5,675

 
6,253

 
5,232

Net income
 
53,334

 
53,454

 
50,820

 
55,988

 
46,800

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other Information
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dividends declared
 
$
3,199

 
$
4,134

 
$
4,413

 
$
4,615

 
$
4,444

Dividend payout ratio
 
6.00
%
 
7.73
%
 
8.68
%
 
8.24
%
 
9.49
%
Weighted-average dividend rate(1)
 
0.37

 
0.48

 
0.52

 
0.52

 
0.49

Return on average equity(2)
 
6.10

 
6.07

 
5.92

 
6.70

 
5.44

Return on average assets
 
0.56

 
0.49

 
0.43

 
0.49

 
0.38

Net interest margin(3)
 
0.80

 
0.76

 
0.61

 
0.78

 
0.56

Average equity to average assets
 
9.10

 
8.12

 
7.19

 
7.25

 
7.06

_______________________
(1)
Weighted-average dividend rate is the dividend amount declared divided by the average daily balance of capital stock eligible for dividends.
(2)
Return on average equity is net income divided by the total of the average daily balance of outstanding Class B capital stock, accumulated other comprehensive loss and total retained earnings (accumulated deficit).
(3)
Net interest margin is net interest income before provision for credit losses as a percentage of average earning assets.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

For the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, we recognized net income of $53.3 million and $46.8 million, respectively. This $6.5 million increase was primarily driven by an increase in net interest income of $8.0 million, and a $2.5 million reduction in credit-related other-than-temporary impairment charges on certain private-label MBS. Offsetting these increases to net income were a $2.6 million expense on the early retirement of debt in 2013, a $717,000 increase in AHP assessments, a reduction in net gains on derivatives and hedging activities of $651,000, and an increase in the net unrealized losses on trading securities of $214,000.

Net Interest Income
 
Net interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2013, increased $8.0 million from $68.3 million in the same period in 2012 to $76.3 million in 2013. This increase was primarily attributable to a $10.3 million increase in prepayment fee income. Additionally, $2.9 million of interest income in the first quarter of 2013 represented the accretion of discount from securities that were other-than-temporarily impaired in prior periods, but for which a significant improvement in projected cash flows has subsequently been recognized, an increase of $1.5 million from $1.4 million recorded the first quarter of 2012. These increases were offset by a decline in net interest income resulting from a decline of average earning assets, which decreased from $48.7 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2012, to $38.6 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2013. This decline in average earning assets was driven by a $6.3 billion drop in average investments balances and a decrease of $4.2 billion in average advances balances.

Net interest margin for the three months ended March 31, 2013, in comparison with the same period in 2012, increased to 80 basis points from 56 basis points, and net interest spread increased to 69 basis points from 47 basis points for the same period

54


in 2012. Net interest spread is the difference between the yields on interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Contributing to the increase in net interest spread was the change in yield on interest-earning assets, which increased by 23 basis points to 1.69 percent, while the average cost of interest-bearing liabilities increased slightly by one basis point to 1.00 percent. The improvement in the yield on interest-earning assets in the first quarter of 2013 is attributable to the increases in prepayment fee income and accretion of discount from previously impaired investment securities discussed above, as well as a decline in the average balance of money-market investments, including securities purchased under agreements to resell and federal funds sold, which declined $5.1 billion in the first quarter of 2013 compared to the first quarter of 2012. As noted in the table below, money-market investments are the lowest yielding asset category. The remaining asset categories, including advances, investment securities and mortgage loans, have higher yields, and in the first quarter of 2013 these asset categories are contributing a relatively greater proportion of total interest income due to the reduction in the average balance of money-market investments.

The following table presents major categories of average balances, related interest income/expense, and average yields for interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Our primary source of earnings is net interest income, which is the interest earned on advances, mortgage loans, and investments less interest paid on COs, deposits, and other sources of funds.

Net Interest Spread and Margin
(dollars in thousands)
                        
 
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2013
 
2012
 
 
Average
Balance
 
Interest
Income /
Expense
 
Average
Yield(1) 
 
Average
Balance
 
Interest
Income /
Expense
 
Average
Yield(1) 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Advances
 
$
20,600,152

 
$
71,026

 
1.40
%
 
$
24,814,096

 
$
83,821

 
1.36
%
Securities purchased under agreements to resell
 
2,441,000

 
888

 
0.15

 
6,743,407

 
2,189

 
0.13

Federal funds sold
 
1,208,333

 
436

 
0.15

 
1,971,956

 
511

 
0.10

Investment securities(1)
 
10,845,524

 
55,828

 
2.09

 
12,057,987

 
55,775

 
1.86

Mortgage loans
 
3,494,525

 
32,397

 
3.76

 
3,113,065

 
34,765

 
4.49

Other earning assets
 
258

 
2

 
3.14

 
258

 

 
0.47

Total interest-earning assets
 
38,589,792

 
160,577

 
1.69
%
 
48,700,769

 
177,061

 
1.46
%
Other non-interest-earning assets
 
446,128

 
 
 
 
 
499,506

 
 
 
 
Fair-value adjustments on investment securities
 
(100,807
)
 
 
 
 
 
(157,520
)
 
 
 
 
Total assets
 
$
38,935,113

 
$
160,577

 
1.67
%
 
$
49,042,755

 
$
177,061

 
1.45
%
Liabilities and capital
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated obligations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Discount notes
 
$
7,114,904

 
$
1,787

 
0.10
%
 
$
13,666,440

 
$
1,583

 
0.05
%
Bonds
 
26,286,098

 
82,224

 
1.27

 
29,635,652

 
106,827

 
1.45

Deposits
 
629,284

 
11

 
0.01

 
799,123

 
18

 
0.01

Mandatorily redeemable capital stock
 
210,035

 
207

 
0.40

 
224,252

 
290

 
0.52

Other borrowings
 
960

 

 
0.23

 
2,406

 
1

 
0.17

Total interest-bearing liabilities
 
34,241,281

 
84,229

 
1.00
%
 
44,327,873

 
108,719

 
0.99
%
Other non-interest-bearing liabilities
 
1,148,818

 
 
 
 
 
1,253,780

 
 
 
 
Total capital
 
3,545,014

 
 
 
 
 
3,461,102

 
 
 
 
Total liabilities and capital
 
$
38,935,113

 
$
84,229

 
0.88
%
 
$
49,042,755

 
$
108,719

 
0.89
%
Net interest income
 
 

 
$
76,348

 
 
 
 

 
$
68,342

 
 
Net interest spread
 
 

 
 

 
0.69
%
 
 

 
 

 
0.47
%
Net interest margin
 
 

 
 

 
0.80
%
 
 

 
 

 
0.56
%
_________________________
(1) 
Yields are annualized.

55


(2)
The average balances of held-to-maturity securities and available-for-sale securities are reflected at amortized cost; therefore the resulting yields do not give effect to changes in fair value or the noncredit component of a previously recognized other-than-temporary impairment reflected in accumulated other comprehensive loss.    

Rate and Volume Analysis

Changes in both average balances (volume) and interest rates influence changes in net interest income and net interest margin. The following table summarizes changes in interest income and interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012. Changes in interest income and interest expense that are not identifiable as either volume-related or rate-related, but are equally attributable to both volume and rate changes, have been allocated to the volume and rate categories based upon the proportion of the absolute value of the volume and rate changes.
 
Rate and Volume Analysis
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2013 vs. 2012
 
 
Increase (Decrease) due to
 
 
Volume
 
Rate
 
Total
Interest income
 
 
 
 
 
 
Advances
 
$
(14,497
)
 
$
1,702

 
$
(12,795
)
Securities purchased under agreements to resell
 
(1,538
)
 
237

 
(1,301
)
Federal funds sold
 
(236
)
 
161

 
(75
)
Investment securities
 
(5,907
)
 
5,960

 
53

Mortgage loans
 
3,957

 
(6,325
)
 
(2,368
)
Other earning assets
 

 
2

 
2

Total interest income
 
(18,221
)
 
1,737

 
(16,484
)
Interest expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated obligations
 
 
 
 
 
 
Discount notes
 
(1,017
)
 
1,221

 
204

Bonds
 
(11,338
)
 
(13,265
)
 
(24,603
)
Deposits
 
(3
)
 
(4
)
 
(7
)
Mandatorily redeemable capital stock
 
(17
)
 
(66
)
 
(83
)
Other borrowings
 
(1
)
 

 
(1
)
Total interest expense
 
(12,376
)
 
(12,114
)
 
(24,490
)
Change in net interest income
 
$
(5,845
)
 
$
13,851

 
$
8,006


The average balance of total advances decreased $4.2 billion, or 17.0 percent, for the three months ended March 31, 2013, compared with the same period in 2012. The trend of muted demand for advances is discussed under — Executive Summary — Decline of Advances Balances. The following table summarizes average balances of advances outstanding during the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, by product type.


56


Average Balance of Advances Outstanding by Product Type
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2013
 
2012
Fixed-rate advances—par value
 
 
 
 
Long-term
 
$
9,713,035

 
$
10,393,781

Short-term
 
4,824,006

 
3,088,266

Putable
 
3,124,292

 
4,626,567

Amortizing
 
918,616

 
1,358,142

Overnight
 
465,666

 
208,530

All other fixed-rate advances
 
76,633

 
32,500

 
 
19,122,248

 
19,707,786

 
 
 
 
 
Variable-rate indexed advances—par value
 
 
 
 
Simple variable
 
819,444

 
4,457,330

Putable
 
143,500

 

All other variable-rate indexed advances
 
18,653

 
21,115

 
 
981,597

 
4,478,445

Total average par value
 
20,103,845

 
24,186,231

Net premiums and (discounts)
 
31,275

 
14,228

Market value of embedded derivatives
 
1,111

 

Hedging adjustments
 
463,921

 
613,637

Total average balance of advances
 
$
20,600,152

 
$
24,814,096


Putable advances that are classified as fixed-rate advances in the table above are typically hedged with interest-rate-exchange agreements in which a short-term rate is received, typically three-month LIBOR. In addition, approximately 21.4 percent of average long-term fixed-rate advances were similarly hedged with interest-rate swaps. Therefore, a significant portion of our advances, including overnight advances, short-term fixed-rate advances, fixed-rate putable advances, certain fixed-rate bullet advances, and variable-rate advances, either earn a short-term interest rate or are swapped to a short-term index, resulting in yields that closely follow short-term market interest-rate trends. The average balance of all such advances totaled $11.5 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2013, representing 55.7 percent of the total average balance of advances outstanding during the three months ended March 31, 2013. The average balance of all such advances totaled $14.9 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2012, representing 61.5 percent of the total average balance of advances outstanding during the three months ended March 31, 2012.

For the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, net prepayment fees on advances were $11.9 million and $4.3 million, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, prepayment fees on investments were $2.7 million and $87,000, respectively. Prepayment-fee income is unpredictable and inconsistent from period to period, occurring only when advances and investments are prepaid prior to the scheduled maturity or repricing dates.

Because prepayment-fee income recognized during these periods does not necessarily represent a trend that will continue in future periods, and due to the fact that prepayment-fee income represents a one-time fee that is generally recognized in the period in which the corresponding advance or investment security is prepaid, we believe it is important to review the results of net interest spread and net interest margin excluding the impact of prepayment-fee income. These results are presented in the following table.


57


Net Interest Spread and Margin without Prepayment-Fee Income
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2013
 
2012
 
 
Interest Income
 
Average Yield(1) 
 
Interest Income
 
Average Yield(1) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Advances
 
$
59,111

 
1.16
%
 
$
79,519

 
1.29
%
Investment securities
 
53,104

 
1.99

 
55,688

 
1.86

Total interest-earning assets
 
145,938

 
1.53

 
172,672

 
1.43

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income
 
61,709

 
 
 
63,953

 
 
Net interest spread
 
 
 
0.53
%
 
 
 
0.44
%
Net interest margin
 
 
 
0.65
%
 
 
 
0.53
%
_________________________
(1) 
Yields are annualized.

Average short-term money-market investments, consisting of interest-bearing deposits, securities purchased under agreements to resell, and federal funds sold, decreased $5.1 billion, or 58.1 percent, for the three months ended March 31, 2013, compared with the same period in 2012. The yield earned on short-term money-market investments is highly correlated to short-term market interest rates. These investments are used for liquidity management and to manage our leverage ratio in response to fluctuations in other asset balances. For the three months ended March 31, 2013, average balances of federal funds sold decreased $763.6 million and average balances of securities purchased under agreements to resell decreased $4.3 billion in comparison to the three months ended March 31, 2012.

Average investment-securities balances decreased $1.2 billion, or 10.1 percent for the three months ended March 31, 2013, compared with the same period in 2012, which occurred in the following investment categories:

$550.1 million decline in corporate bonds;
$455.6 million decline in agency and supranational banks; and
$195.4 million decline in MBS.

The average aggregate balance of our investments in mortgage loans for the three months ended March 31, 2013, was $381.5 million higher than the average aggregate balance of these investments for the three months ended March 31, 2012, representing an increase of 12.3 percent.

Average CO balances decreased $9.9 billion, or 22.9 percent, for the three months ended March 31, 2013, compared with the same period in 2012, resulting from our reduced funding needs principally due to the decline in our investments and advances balances. This overall decline consisted of a decrease of $6.6 billion in CO discount notes and a decrease of $3.3 billion in CO bonds.

The average balance of term CO discount notes decreased $6.4 billion and overnight CO discount notes decreased $128.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2013, in comparison with the same period in 2012. The average balance of CO discount notes represented approximately 21.3 percent of total average COs during the three months ended March 31, 2013, as compared with 31.6 percent of total average COs during the three months ended March 31, 2012. The average balance of CO bonds represented 78.7 percent and 68.4 percent of total average COs outstanding during the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

Impact of Derivatives and Hedging Activities

Net interest income includes interest accrued on interest-rate-exchange agreements that are associated with advances, investments, deposits, and debt instruments that qualify for hedge accounting. We generally use derivative instruments that qualify for hedge accounting as interest-rate-risk-management tools. These derivatives serve to stabilize net interest income and net interest margin when interest rates fluctuate. Accordingly, the impact of derivatives on net interest income and net interest margin should be viewed in the overall context of our risk-management strategy. The following tables show the net effect of

58


derivatives and hedging activities on net interest income, net gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities, and net unrealized gains (losses) on trading securities three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012 (dollars in thousands).

 
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2013
Net Effect of Derivatives and Hedging Activities
 
Advances
 
Investments
 
Mortgage Loans
 
Deposits
 
CO Bonds
 
Total
Net interest income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amortization/accretion of hedging activities in net interest income (1)
 
$
(2,804
)
 
$

 
$
(138
)
 
$

 
$
6,692

 
$
3,750

Net interest settlements included in net interest income (2)
 
(39,760
)
 
(10,140
)
 

 
394

 
21,122

 
(28,384
)
Total effect on net interest income
 
(42,564
)
 
(10,140
)
 
(138
)
 
394

 
27,814

 
(24,634
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains on fair-value hedges
 
215

 
165

 

 

 
75

 
455

Gains on cash-flow hedges
 

 

 

 

 
4

 
4

(Losses) gains on derivatives not receiving hedge accounting
 
(2
)
 
838

 

 

 
78

 
914

Other
 

 

 
(285
)
 

 

 
(285
)
Net gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities
 
213

 
1,003

 
(285
)
 

 
157

 
1,088

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subtotal
 
(42,351
)
 
(9,137
)
 
(423
)
 
394

 
27,971

 
(23,546
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net losses on trading securities
 

 
(2,312
)
 

 

 

 
(2,312
)
Total net effect of derivatives and hedging activities
 
$
(42,351
)
 
$
(11,449
)
 
$
(423
)
 
$
394

 
$
27,971

 
$
(25,858
)
_____________________
(1)
Represents the amortization/accretion of hedging fair-value adjustments for closed hedge positions.
(2)
Represents interest income/expense on derivatives included in net interest income.


59


 
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2012
 
Net Effect of Derivatives and Hedging Activities
 
Advances
 
Investments
 
Mortgage Loans
 
Deposits
 
CO Bonds
 
Total
 
Net interest income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amortization / accretion of hedging activities in net interest income (1)
 
$
(2,195
)
 
$

 
$
(71
)
 
$

 
$
3,942

 
$
1,676

 
Net interest settlements included in net interest income (2)
 
(54,265
)
 
(10,143
)
 

 
381

 
24,953

 
(39,074
)
 
Total net interest income
 
(56,460
)
 
(10,143
)
 
(71
)
 
381

 
28,895

 
(37,398
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains on fair-value hedges
 
361

 
682

 

 

 
17

 
1,060

 
(Losses) gains on derivatives not receiving hedge accounting
 
(41
)
 
710

 

 

 

 
669

 
Other
 

 

 
10

 

 

 
10

 
Net gains on derivatives and hedging activities
 
320

 
1,392

 
10

 

 
17

 
1,739

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subtotal
 
(56,140
)
 
(8,751
)
 
(61
)
 
381

 
28,912

 
(35,659
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net losses on trading securities
 

 
(2,098
)
 

 

 

 
(2,098
)
 
Total net effect of derivatives and hedging activities
 
$
(56,140
)
 
$
(10,849
)
 
$
(61
)
 
$
381

 
$
28,912

 
$
(37,757
)
 
_____________________
(1) Represents the amortization/accretion of hedging fair-value adjustments for closed hedge positions.
(2) Represents interest income/expense on derivatives included in net interest income.
 
Net interest margin for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, was 0.80 percent and 0.56 percent, respectively. If derivative instruments had not been used as hedges to mitigate the impact of interest-rate fluctuations, net interest margin would have been 1.10 percent and 0.89 percent, respectively.

Interest paid and received on interest-rate-exchange agreements that are used in asset and liability management, but which do not meet hedge-accounting requirements (economic hedges), are classified as net losses on derivatives and hedging activities in other income. As shown under — Other Income (Loss) and Operating Expenses below, interest accruals on derivatives classified as economic hedges totaled a net expense of $1.6 million and $1.9 million, respectively for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012.

For more information about our use of derivatives to manage interest-rate risk, see Item 3 — Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk — Strategies to Manage Market and Interest-Rate Risk.

Other Income (Loss) and Operating Expenses
 
The following table presents a summary of other income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012. Additionally, detail on the components of net gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities is provided, indicating the source of these gains and losses by type of hedging relationship and hedge accounting treatment.
 

60


Other Income (Loss)
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2013
 
2012
Gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities:
 
 
 
 
Net gains related to fair-value hedge ineffectiveness
 
$
455

 
$
1,060

Net gains related to cash-flow hedge ineffectiveness
 
4

 

Net unrealized (losses) gains related to derivatives not receiving hedge accounting associated with:
 
 
 
 
Advances
 
(92
)
 
33

Trading securities
 
2,642

 
2,540

Mortgage delivery commitments
 
(285
)
 
10

Net interest-accruals related to derivatives not receiving hedge accounting
 
(1,636
)
 
(1,904
)
Net gains on derivatives and hedging activities
 
1,088

 
1,739

Net impairment losses on held-to-maturity securities recognized in income
 
(421
)
 
(2,960
)
Loss on early extinguishment of debt
 
(2,567
)
 

Service-fee income
 
1,417

 
1,499

Net unrealized losses on trading securities
 
(2,312
)
 
(2,098
)
Other
 
98

 
105

Total other loss
 
$
(2,697
)
 
$
(1,715
)

As noted in the Other Income (Loss) table above, accounting for derivatives and hedged items results in the potential for considerable timing differences between income recognition from assets or liabilities and income effects of hedging instruments entered into to mitigate interest-rate risk and cash-flow activity.

For the securities on which we recognized other-than-temporary impairment during the three months ended March 31, 2013, the average credit enhancement was not sufficient to cover projected expected credit losses. The average credit enhancement at March 31, 2013, was approximately 7.4 percent and the expected average collateral loss was approximately 30.4 percent. We recorded an other-than-temporary impairment related to a credit loss of $421,000 during the first quarter of 2013.

The following table displays held-to-maturity securities for which other-than-temporary impairment was recognized in the three months ended March 31, 2013 (dollars in thousands). Securities are classified in the table below based on the classification at the time of issuance. We have instituted litigation on certain of the private-label MBS in which we have invested, as discussed in Part II — Item 1 — Legal Proceedings. Our complaint asserts, among others, claims for untrue or misleading statements in the sale of securities, and it is possible that classifications of private-label MBS as provided herein when based on classification at the time of issuance as disclosed by those securities' issuance documents are inaccurate.

 
At March 31, 2013
Other-Than-Temporarily Impaired Investment:
Par Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Carrying
Value
 
Fair Value
Private-label residential MBS – Prime
$
1,303

 
$
1,293

 
$
963

 
$
1,042

Private-label residential MBS – Alt-A
59,612

 
42,212

 
33,114

 
39,904

Total other-than-temporarily impaired securities
$
60,915

 
$
43,505

 
$
34,077

 
$
40,946

 
The following tables display held-to-maturity securities for which other-than-temporary impairment was recognized in the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012 based on whether the security is newly impaired or previously impaired (dollars in thousands).

61


 
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2013
Other-Than-Temporarily Impaired Investment:
 
Total Other-Than-Temporary Impairment Losses on Investment Securities
 
Net Amount of Impairment Losses Reclassified (from) to Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
 
Net Impairment Losses on Investment Securities Recognized in Income
By collateral type:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Private-label residential MBS – Prime
 
$

 
$
(8
)
 
$
(8
)
Private-label residential MBS – Alt-A
 
(7
)
 
(406
)
 
(413
)
Total other-than-temporarily impaired securities
 
$
(7
)
 
$
(414
)
 
$
(421
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
By period:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities newly impaired during the period specified
 
$

 
$

 
$

Securities previously impaired prior to the period specified
 
(7
)
 
(414
)
 
(421
)
Total other-than-temporarily impaired securities
 
$
(7
)
 
$
(414
)
 
$
(421
)

 
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2012
Other-Than-Temporarily Impaired Investment:
 
Total Other-Than-Temporary Impairment Losses on Investment Securities
 
Net Amount of Impairment Losses Reclassified to (from) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
 
Net Impairment Losses on Investment Securities Recognized in Income
By collateral type:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Private-label residential MBS – Alt-A
 
$
(6,378
)
 
$
3,421

 
$
(2,957
)
ABS backed by home equity loans – Subprime
 

 
(3
)
 
(3
)
Total other-than-temporarily impaired securities
 
$
(6,378
)
 
$
3,418

 
$
(2,960
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
By period:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities newly impaired during the period specified
 
$
(2,529
)
 
$
2,529

 
$

Securities previously impaired prior to the period specified
 
(3,849
)
 
889

 
(2,960
)
Total other-than-temporarily impaired securities
 
$
(6,378
)
 
$
3,418

 
$
(2,960
)

See Item 1 — Notes to the Financial Statements — Note 5 — Held-to-Maturity Securities, Note 6 — Other-Than-Temporary Impairment, and Financial Condition — Investments — Investments Credit Risk below for additional detail and analysis of the portfolio of held-to-maturity investments in private-label MBS.
 
Changes in the fair value of trading securities are recorded in other loss. For the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, we recorded net unrealized losses on trading securities of $2.3 million and $2.1 million, respectively. Changes in the fair value of the associated economic hedges amounted to net gains of $2.6 million and $2.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. In addition to the changes in fair value are interest accruals on these economic hedges, which resulted in a net expense of $1.8 million for both the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and are included in other loss.

For the three months ended March 31, 2013, compensation and benefits expense and other operating expenses amounted to $13.0 million, a decrease of $128,000 from the three months ended March 31, 2012, amount of $13.1 million.

Our share of the costs and expenses of operating the FHFA and the Office of Finance totaled $1.7 million and $2.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

FINANCIAL CONDITION

Advances


62


At March 31, 2013, the advances portfolio totaled $19.9 billion, a decrease of $889.3 million compared with $20.8 billion at December 31, 2012.

The following table summarizes advances outstanding by product type at March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012.
 
Advances Outstanding by Product Type
(dollars in thousands)

 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
 
Par Value
 
Percent of Total
 
Par Value
 
Percent of Total
Fixed-rate advances
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Long-term
$
9,663,234

 
49.7
%
 
$
9,956,879

 
49.1
%
Short-term
4,781,249

 
24.6

 
4,507,172

 
22.2

Putable
3,051,025

 
15.7

 
3,157,525

 
15.6

Amortizing
916,938

 
4.7

 
929,118

 
4.6

Overnight
341,249

 
1.8

 
556,265

 
2.7

All other fixed-rate advances
84,500

 
0.4

 
72,500

 
0.4

 
18,838,195

 
96.9

 
19,179,459

 
94.6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Variable-rate advances
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Simple variable
415,000

 
2.2

 
915,000

 
4.5

Putable
154,500

 
0.8

 
139,500

 
0.7

All other variable-rate indexed advances
23,722

 
0.1

 
35,893

 
0.2

 
593,222

 
3.1

 
1,090,393

 
5.4

Total par value
$
19,431,417

 
100.0
%
 
$
20,269,852

 
100.0
%
 
See Item 1 — Notes to the Financial Statements — Note 7 — Advances for disclosures relating to redemption terms of the advances portfolio.

We lend to members and housing associates with principal places of business within our district, which consists of the six New England states. Outstanding advances are generally diversified among our borrowers throughout our district. At March 31, 2013, we had advances outstanding to 296, or 65.3 percent, of our 453 members. At December 31, 2012, we had advances outstanding to 301, or 66.6 percent, of our 452 members.

BANA RI, our largest member by capital stock outstanding at March 31, 2013, merged into its parent Bank of America, N.A. in April 2013. BANA is ineligible for membership. However, with $105.5 million in outstanding advances at March 31, 2013, equal to 0.5 percent of total advances, BANA RI was not one of our top borrowing members. Based on our current analysis, we believe BANA RI's termination of membership will not materially affect the adequacy of our liquidity, our profitability in terms of the dividend rates available to pay remaining stockholders, our ability to make timely principal and interest payments on our participations in COs and other liabilities, and our ability to continue providing sufficient membership value to our members. We believe that our business model is well positioned to absorb changes in our activity and capitalization because we can undertake commensurate reductions in our liability balances and because of our relatively low operating expenses. 

We expect that, all other things being equal, the loss of BANA RI as a member will cause our annual net income to decrease, primarily driven by a reduction in our earnings provided by funding assets with BANA RI's investment in our capital stock, when such capital stock is repurchased or redeemed. The reduction in net income is expected to principally depend on the level of interest rates, which affects the earnings from funding with capital. The timing of the decrease in net income is expected to depend on when BANA RI's business activities with us terminate and whether and to what extent we decide to repurchase its excess stock in advance of its mandatory redemption. Although we expect our net income to decrease, all other things being equal, the impact on our return on equity due to the loss of BANA RI's membership is difficult to predict and is expected to depend on the amount of income we lose when we can no longer invest the funds from BANA RI's investment in our capital stock.


63


The following table presents the top five advance-borrowing institutions at March 31, 2013, and the interest earned on outstanding advances to such institutions for the three months ended March 31, 2013.

Top Five Advance-Borrowing Institutions
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
March 31, 2013
 
 
Name
 
Par Value of Advances
 
Percent of Total Par Value of Advances
 
Weighted-Average Rate (1)
 
Advances Interest Income for the
Three Months Ended March 31, 2013

Webster Bank, N.A.
 
$
1,902,484

 
9.8
%
 
0.54
%
 
$
2,433

People's United Bank
 
1,106,520

 
5.7

 
0.25

 
601

Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
 
600,000

 
3.1

 
1.96

 
2,943

Brookline Bank
 
563,535

 
2.9

 
1.37

 
2,067

MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
 
450,000

 
2.3

 
2.21

 
2,491

_______________________
(1)
Weighted-average rates are based on the contract rate of each advance without taking into consideration the effects of interest-rate-exchange agreements that may be used as a hedging instrument.

Advances Credit Risk

We endeavor to minimize credit risk on advances by monitoring the financial condition of our borrowers and by holding sufficient collateral to protect us from credit losses. Our approaches to credit risk on advances are described under Item 7 Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Financial Condition Advances Credit Risk in the 2012 Annual Report. We have never experienced a credit loss on an advance.

Our members continue to be challenged by weak economic conditions, although improvements continue. Aggregate nonperforming assets for depository institution members declined from 1.12 percent of assets as of December 31, 2011, to 0.97 percent of assets as of December 31, 2012. The aggregate ratio of tangible capital to assets among the membership increased from 8.67 percent of assets as of December 31, 2011, to 8.76 percent as of December 31, 2012. (December 31, 2012 is the date of our most recent data on our membership for this report.) As of April 30, 2013, there have been no member failures during 2013, and there were no member failures during all of 2012. All of our extensions of credit to members are secured by eligible collateral as noted herein. However we could incur losses if a member were to default, if the value of the collateral pledged by the member declined to a point such that we were unable to realize sufficient value from the pledged collateral to cover the member's obligations, and we were unable to obtain additional collateral to make up for the reduction in value of such collateral. Although not expected, a default by a member with significant obligations to us could result in significant financial losses, which would adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition.

We assign each borrower to one of the following three credit status categories based primarily on our assessment of the borrower's overall financial condition and other factors:

Category-1: members that are generally in satisfactory financial condition; 
Category-2: members that show weakening financial trends in key financial indices and/or regulatory findings; and
Category-3: members with financial weaknesses that present an elevated level of concern. In addition, we generally assign insurance company members to Category-3 status regardless of financial condition because, unlike other members, insurance companies are subject to different laws and regulations in their particular states that could expose us to unique risks. We also place housing associates in Category-3.

Advances outstanding to borrowers in Category-1 status at March 31, 2013, totaled $17.4 billion. For these advances, we have access to collateral through security agreements, where the borrower agrees to hold such collateral for our benefit, totaling $46.6 billion as of March 31, 2013. Of this total, $8.5 billion of securities have been delivered to us or to an approved third-party custodian, an additional $1.8 billion of securities are held by borrowers' securities corporations, and $6.9 billion of residential mortgage loans have been pledged by borrowers' real-estate-investment trusts.


64


The following table provides information regarding advances outstanding with our borrowers in Category-1, Category-2, and Category-3 status at March 31, 2013, along with their corresponding collateral balances.

Advances Outstanding by Borrower Collateral Status
As of March 31, 2013
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Number of Borrowers
 
Par Value of Advances Outstanding
 
Discounted Collateral
 
Ratio of Discounted Collateral to Advances
Category-1 status
256

 
$
17,371,037

 
$
46,607,840

 
268.3
%
Category-2 status
27

 
790,498

 
12,214,126

 
1,545.1

Category-3 status
18

 
1,269,881

 
1,485,146

 
117.0

Total
301

 
$
19,431,416

 
$
60,307,112

 
310.4
%

The method by which a borrower pledges collateral is dependent upon the category status to which it is assigned based on its financial condition and on the type of collateral that the borrower pledges. Based upon the method by which borrowers pledge collateral to us, the following table shows the total potential lending value of the collateral that borrowers have pledged to us, net of our collateral valuation discounts as of March 31, 2013.

Collateral by Pledge Type
(dollars in thousands)
 
Discounted Collateral
Collateral not specifically listed and identified
$
37,037,052

Collateral specifically listed and identified
21,705,055

Collateral delivered to us
10,873,766


We accept nontraditional and subprime loans that are underwritten in accordance with applicable regulatory guidance as eligible collateral for our advances as discussed under Item 7 Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Financial Condition Advances Credit Risk in the 2012 Annual Report. At March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, the amount of pledged nontraditional and subprime loan collateral was nine percent and eight percent, respectively, of total member borrowing capacity.

We have not recorded any allowance for credit losses on credit products at March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, for the reasons discussed in Item 1 Notes to the Financial Statements Note 9 Allowance for Credit Losses.

Investments
 
At March 31, 2013, investment securities and short-term money-market instruments totaled $13.0 billion, compared with $15.6 billion at December 31, 2012.

Investment securities declined $510.4 million to $10.4 billion at March 31, 2013, compared with December 31, 2012. The decline was due to decreases of $277.2 million in MBS and $232.0 million in agency and supranational banks.

Short-term money-market investments totaled $2.6 billion at March 31, 2013, compared with $4.6 billion at December 31, 2012. This $2.0 billion net decrease resulted from a $2.3 billion decrease in securities purchased under agreements to resell and a $250.0 million increase in federal funds sold.

Under our regulatory authority to purchase MBS, additional investments in MBS, ABS, and certain securities issued by the Small Business Administration (SBA) are prohibited if our investments in such securities exceed 300 percent of capital. Capital for this calculation is defined as capital stock, mandatorily redeemable capital stock, and retained earnings. At March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, our MBS, ABS, and SBA holdings represented 196 percent and 192 percent of capital, respectively.


65


We endeavor to maintain our total investments at a level no greater than 50 percent of our total assets because investing activities are incremental to our primary mission. Our total investments were 35.3 percent of our total assets at March 31, 2013, versus 38.7 percent at December 31, 2012. We have been able to satisfy this investment objective without a material impact on our results of operations or financial condition because the reduction in investments has been principally concentrated in short-term, very low-yielding investments and because other components of our assets have maintained a strong net interest spread to funding costs. We expect to continue to be able to satisfy this investment objective for the foreseeable future without this objective causing a material impact on our results of operations or financial condition by continuing this approach, as necessary.

However, as discussed under — Executive Summary — Legislative and Regulatory Developments, the FHFA could require an FHLBank to maintain a higher ratio of mission-related assets to total assets. If such changes were required, we may have to divest non-mission-related assets or reduce nonmission-related activities, which we expect would adversely impact our desired level of investments used for liquidity and results of operations.

Our MBS investment portfolio consists of the following categories of securities as of March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012. The percentages in the table below are based on carrying value.

Mortgage-Backed Securities
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Residential MBS - U.S. government-guaranteed and GSE
62.4
%
 
60.6
%
Commercial MBS - U.S. government-guaranteed and GSE
20.6

 
22.6

Private-label residential MBS
16.6

 
16.4

ABS backed by home-equity loans
0.3

 
0.3

Private-label commercial MBS
0.1

 
0.1

Total MBS
100.0
%
 
100.0
%

See Item 1 — Notes to the Financial Statements — Note 3 — Trading Securities, Note 4 — Available-for-Sale Securities, Note 5 — Held-to-Maturity Securities, and Note 6 — Other-Than-Temporary Impairment for additional information on our investment securities.

Investments Credit Risk

We are subject to credit risk on unsecured investments consisting primarily of short-term (meaning under one year to maturity and currently limited to overnight risk only) money-market instruments issued by high-quality financial institutions and long-term (generally at least one year to maturity) debentures issued or guaranteed by U.S. agencies, U.S government-owned corporations, GSEs, and supranational institutions. We place short-term funds with large, high-quality financial institutions with long-term credit ratings no lower than single-A (or equivalent) on an unsecured basis; currently all such placements expire within one day.

In addition to these unsecured short-term investments, we also make secured investments in the form of securities purchased under agreements to resell secured by U.S. Treasury and agency obligations, whose terms to maturity are up to 35 days. We have also invested in and are subject to secured credit risk related to MBS, ABS, and HFA securities that are directly or indirectly supported by underlying mortgage loans. FHFA regulations require our investments in MBS and ABS to be rated triple-A (or equivalent) at the time of purchase and our investments in HFA securities are to be rated double-A (or equivalent) or higher as of the date of purchase. Following the S&P downgrade of the U.S. Government, the FHFA has stated that our investments in agency MBS and ABS can be rated double-A (or equivalent) at the time of purchase even though regulations require a triple-A rating (or equivalent).

Credit ratings on total investments are provided in the following table.


66


Credit Ratings of Investments at Carrying Value
As of March 31, 2013
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
Long-Term Credit Rating (1)
Investment Category
 
Triple-A
 
Double-A
 
Single-A
 
Triple-B
 
Below
Triple-B
 
Unrated
Money-market instruments: (2)
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
Interest-bearing deposits
 
$

 
$
275

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

Securities purchased under agreements to resell
 

 

 
1,500,000

 
250,000

 

 

Federal funds sold
 

 
550,000

 
300,000

 

 

 

Total money-market instruments
 

 
550,275

 
1,800,000

 
250,000

 

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-MBS:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
U.S. agency obligations
 

 
11,875

 

 

 

 

U.S. government-owned corporations
 

 
284,209

 

 

 

 

GSEs
 

 
1,938,686

 

 

 

 

Supranational institutions
 
464,958

 

 

 

 

 

HFA securities
 
24,035

 
33,515

 
79,215

 
49,350

 

 
2,405

Total non-MBS
 
488,993

 
2,268,285

 
79,215

 
49,350

 

 
2,405

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MBS:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government guaranteed - residential (2)
 

 
399,458

 

 

 

 

U.S. government guaranteed - commercial (2)
 

 
408,081

 

 

 

 

GSE – residential (2)
 

 
4,307,298

 

 

 

 

GSE – commercial (2)
 

 
1,144,472

 

 

 

 

Private-label – residential
 
11,383

 
8,470

 
72,000

 
71,299

 
1,083,738

 
18

Private-label – commercial
 
9,611

 

 

 

 

 

ABS backed by home-equity loans
 
6,330

 

 
10,605

 
2,352

 
5,100

 

Total MBS
 
27,324

 
6,267,779

 
82,605

 
73,651

 
1,088,838

 
18

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total investment securities
 
516,317

 
8,536,064

 
161,820

 
123,001

 
1,088,838

 
2,423

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total investments
 
$
516,317

 
$
9,086,339

 
$
1,961,820

 
$
373,001

 
$
1,088,838

 
$
2,423

_______________________
(1)
Ratings are obtained from Moody's, Fitch, Inc. (Fitch), and S&P and are each as of March 31, 2013. If there is a split rating, the lowest rating is used.
(2)
The issuer rating is used for these investments, and if a rating is on negative credit watch, the rating in the next lower rating category is used and then the lowest rating is determined.

FHFA regulations include limits on the amount of unsecured credit an individual FHLBank may extend to a counterparty or to a group of affiliated counterparties. This limit is based on a percentage of eligible regulatory capital and the counterparty's long-term unsecured credit rating. Under these regulations, the level of eligible regulatory capital is determined as the lesser of our total regulatory capital or the eligible amount of regulatory capital of the counterparty. The eligible amount of regulatory capital is then multiplied by a specified percentage for each counterparty, which product is our maximum amount of unsecured credit exposure to that counterparty. The percentage that we may offer for extensions of unsecured credit other than overnight sales of federal funds ranges from one percent to 15 percent based on the counterparty's credit rating. Extensions of unsecured credit

67


other than sales of federal funds include on- and off-balance sheet and derivative transactions. See — Derivative Instruments Credit Risk for additional information related to derivatives exposure.

FHFA regulations allow additional unsecured credit for overnight sales of federal funds. The specified percentage of eligible regulatory capital for determining the maximum amount of unsecured credit exposure we may offer to a counterparty for overnight sales of federal funds ranges from two percent to 30 percent based on the counterparty's credit rating. However, per FHFA regulations, our total unsecured exposure to a single counterparty may also not exceed this same calculated amount of two percent to 30 percent of the eligible amount of regulatory capital, based on the counterparty's credit rating. During the quarter ended March 31, 2013, we were in compliance with FHFA regulatory limits established for unsecured credit.

We are prohibited by FHFA regulations from investing in financial instruments issued by non-U.S. entities, other than those issued by U.S. branches and agency offices of foreign commercial banks. We are also prohibited by FHFA regulations from investing in financial instruments issued by foreign sovereign governments, including those countries that are members of the European Union. Our unsecured credit risk to U.S. branches and agency offices of foreign commercial banks includes, among other things, the risk that, as a result of political or economic conditions in a country, the counterparty may be unable to meet their contractual repayment obligations. Notwithstanding the foregoing credit limits based on FHFA regulations, from time to time, we impose internal limits on all or specific individual counterparties that are lower than the maximum credit limits allowed by regulation. We are in compliance with these FHFA regulations as of March 31, 2013.

The table below presents our short-term unsecured money-market credit exposure.

Short-term Unsecured Money-Market Credit Exposure by Investment Type
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
Carrying Value
 
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Federal funds sold
 
$
850,000

 
$
600,000


As of March 31, 2013, our unsecured investment credit exposure to U.S. branches and agency offices of foreign commercial banks was limited to overnight federal funds sold. As of March 31, 2013, all of our unsecured investment credit exposure in federal funds sold was to U.S. branches and agency offices of foreign commercial banks.
 
The table below presents the March 31, 2013, carrying values and average balances for the three months ended March 31, 2013, of the short-term unsecured money-market credit exposures presented by the domicile of the counterparty or the domicile of the foreign bank counterparty for U.S. branches and agency offices of foreign commercial banks. We endeavor to mitigate this credit risk by investing in unsecured investments of highly rated counterparties. At March 31, 2013, all of our short-term unsecured money-market investments were rated at least single-A.

Period-End and Average Balance of Short-Term Unsecured Money-Market Credit Exposures,
by Country of Domicile of Counterparty (1) 
(dollars in thousands)
Country of Domicile of Counterparty
 
Carrying Value as of March 31, 2013
 
Average Balance
for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2013
U.S branches and agency offices of foreign commercial banks
 
 
 
 
Sweden
 
$
300,000

 
$
560,833

Netherlands
 
250,000

 
240,556

United Kingdom
 
200,000

 
20,000

Norway
 
100,000

 
38,611

Canada
 

 
235,000

Germany
 

 
61,111

Australia
 

 
46,111

Finland
 

 
6,111

Total unsecured credit exposure
 
$
850,000

 
$
1,208,333

_______________________

68


(1)
Excludes unsecured investment credit exposure to U.S. Government, GSEs, U.S. Government agencies and instrumentalities, and triple-A rated supranational institutions and does not include related accrued interest as of March 31, 2013.

The table below presents the contractual maturity of short-term unsecured money-market credit exposure by the domicile of the counterparty or the domicile of the foreign bank counterparty for U.S. branches and agency offices of foreign commercial banks. At March 31, 2013, all of our outstanding unsecured money-market investments had overnight maturities.

Contractual Maturity of Short-Term Unsecured Money-Market Credit Exposure,
 by Country of Domicile of Counterparty
(dollars in thousands)

 
 
Carrying Value (1) as of March 31, 2013
Country of Domicile of Counterparty
 
Overnight
 
Due 2 days through 30 days
 
Due 31 days through 90 days
 
Due 91 days through 180 days
 
Due 181 days through 270 days
 
Due after 270 days
 
Total
U.S branches and agency offices of foreign commercial banks
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sweden
 
$
300,000

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
300,000

Netherlands
 
250,000

 

 

 

 

 

 
250,000

United Kingdom
 
200,000

 

 

 

 

 

 
200,000

Norway
 
100,000

 

 

 

 

 

 
100,000

Total unsecured credit exposure
 
$
850,000

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
850,000


During the three months ended March 31, 2013, we continued to invest in unsecured overnight money-market instruments issued by certain domestic branches of Eurozone financial institutions rated at least single-A or higher by the three major NRSROs and domiciled in Finland, Germany, and the Netherlands from time to time. We continued to use the same safeguards and approaches to these counterparties to protect against unanticipated exposures arising from possible contagion from the Eurozone financial crisis that are discussed under Item 7 — Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Financial Condition — Investments — Investments Credit Risk in the 2012 Annual Report. On March 31, 2013, we had $250.0 million in unsecured money-market exposure to Eurozone financial institutions. Our maximum unsecured money-market exposure to any single Eurozone financial institution was $500.0 million on any day during the quarter ended March 31, 2013.

At March 31, 2013, our unsecured credit exposure related to money-market instruments and debentures, including accrued interest, was $3.6 billion to nine counterparties and issuers, of which $850.0 million was for federal funds sold, and $2.7 billion was for debentures issued by GSEs and supranational institutions. The following issuers/counterparties individually accounted for greater than 10 percent of total unsecured credit exposure as of March 31, 2013:

Issuers / Counterparties Representing Greater Than
10 Percent of Total Unsecured Credit Related to Money-Market Instruments and to Debentures
As of March 31, 2013
Issuer / counterparty
 
Percent
Fannie Mae
 
37.2
%
Freddie Mac
 
17.5

Inter-American Development Bank (a supranational institution)
 
13.1


The following table presents a summary of the average projected values over the remaining lives of the securities for the significant inputs relating to our cash flow analysis of private-label MBS during the quarter ended March 31, 2013, as well as related current credit enhancement. Credit enhancement is defined as the percentage of subordinated tranches, over-collateralization, and other accounts or cash flows that provide additional credit support such as reserve funds, insurance policies, and/or excess interest, if any, in a security structure that will generally absorb losses before we will experience a loss

69


on the security. Subordinated tranches can serve as credit enhancement, because losses are generally allocated to the subordinate tranches until their principal balances have been reduced to zero before senior tranches are allocated losses. Over-collateralization means available collateral in excess of the principal balance of the related security. The calculated averages represent the dollar-weighted averages of all the private-label residential MBS and home-equity loan investments in each category shown, regardless of whether or not the securities have incurred an other-than-temporary impairment credit loss.

Significant Inputs to Cash-flow Analysis of Private-label MBS
For the Quarter Ended March 31, 2013
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
Significant Inputs - Weighted Average
 
Current Credit Enhancement
Private-label MBS by
Year of Securitization
 
Par Value (1)
 
Projected Prepayment Rates
 
Projected Default Rates
 
Projected Loss Severities
 
Weighted Average
Percent
Private-label residential MBS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prime (2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2007
 
$
20,841

 
7.7
%
 
32.0
%
 
43.7
%
 
7.7
%
2006
 
13,889

 
8.6

 
24.3

 
39.5

 
0.0

2005
 
53,476

 
9.6

 
22.9

 
45.6

 
12.3

2004 and prior
 
127,004

 
10.9

 
13.1

 
37.5

 
15.7

Total
 
$
215,210

 
10.1
%
 
18.1
%
 
40.2
%
 
13.1
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Alt-A (2)
 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

2007
 
$
484,170

 
4.4
%
 
68.0
%
 
50.7
%
 
10.2
%
2006
 
809,893

 
5.0

 
62.9

 
53.2

 
10.8

2005
 
533,999

 
7.2

 
40.8

 
46.1

 
19.0

2004 and prior
 
50,300

 
11.2

 
27.5

 
41.9

 
25.0

Total
 
$
1,878,362

 
5.7
%
 
57.0
%
 
50.2
%
 
13.3
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ABS backed by home equity loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subprime (2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2004 and prior
 
$
26,101

 
6.8
%
 
28.8
%
 
72.1
%
 
34.3
%
_______________________
(1)         Commercial private-label MBS with a par value of $9.6 million and a private-label residential MBS with a par value of $3.2 million of loans that are backed by the Federal Housing Administration and the Department of Veteran Affairs are not included in this table.
(2)
Securities are classified in the table above based upon the current performance characteristics of the underlying pool and therefore the manner in which the collateral pool group backing the security has been modeled (as prime, Alt-A, or subprime), rather than the classification of the security at the time of issuance.

For purposes of the tables below we classify private-label residential and commercial MBS and ABS backed by home-equity loans as prime, Alt-A, or subprime based on the originator's classification at the time of origination or based on the classification by an NRSRO upon issuance of the MBS. In some instances, the NRSROs may have changed their classification subsequent to origination, which would not necessarily be reflected in the following tables.

Of our $8.3 billion in par value of MBS and ABS investments at March 31, 2013, $2.1 billion in par value are private-label MBS. These private-label MBS are comprised of the following:

$1.9 billion in par value are securities backed primarily by Alt-A loans;
$228.1 million in par value are backed primarily by prime residential and/or commercial loans; and
$26.1 million in par value of these investments are backed primarily by subprime mortgages.

While there are no universally accepted classifications of mortgage loans based on underwriting standards, in general, subprime underwriting implies a credit-impaired borrower with a FICO® score below 660; prime underwriting implies a borrower without a history of delinquent payments as well as documented income and a loan amount that is at or less than 80 percent of the market value of the house; while Alt-A underwriting implies a prime borrower with limited income documentation and/or a loan-to-value ratio of higher than 80 percent. FICO® is a widely used credit-industry model developed by Fair Isaac and

70


Company, Inc. to assess borrower credit quality with scores ranging from a low of 300 to a high of 850. While we generally follow the collateral type definitions provided by S&P, we do review the credit performance of the underlying collateral and revise the classification where appropriate, an approach that is likewise incorporated into the modeling assumptions provided by the OTTI Governance Committee. For additional information on the OTTI Governance Committee, see Item 7 — Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Critical Accounting Estimates — Other-Than-Temporary Impairment of Investment Securities in the 2012 Annual Report.

The third-party collateral loan performance platform used by the FHLBank of San Francisco, with whom we have contracted to perform these analyses, assesses eight bonds that we own, totaling $69.8 million in par value as of March 31, 2013, to have collateral that is Alt-A in nature, while that same collateral is classified as prime by S&P. Accordingly, these bonds have been modeled using the same credit assumptions applied to Alt-A collateral. However, these bonds are reported as prime in the various tables below in this section.

Additionally, one bond classified as Alt-A collateral by S&P, of which we held $4.1 million in par value as of March 31, 2013, is classified and modeled as prime by the third-party modeling software. However this bond is reported as Alt-A in the various tables below in this section in accordance with S&P's classification. See Item 7 — Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Critical Accounting Estimates — Other-Than-Temporary Impairment of Investment Securities in the 2012 Annual Report for information on our key inputs, assumptions, and modeling employed by us in our other-than-temporary impairment assessments.

Unpaid Principal Balance of Private-Label MBS and ABS Backed by Home Equity Loans
by Fixed Rate or Variable Rate
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Private-label MBS
Fixed
Rate (1)
 
Variable
Rate (1)
 
Total
 
Fixed
Rate (1)
 
Variable
Rate (1)
 
Total
Private-label residential MBS
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Prime
$
18,400

 
$
200,017

 
$
218,417

 
$
18,861

 
$
207,215

 
$
226,076

Alt-A
35,347

 
1,843,015

 
1,878,362

 
36,761

 
1,898,064

 
1,934,825

Total private-label residential MBS
53,747

 
2,043,032

 
2,096,779

 
55,622

 
2,105,279

 
2,160,901

Private-label commercial MBS
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Prime
9,637

 

 
9,637

 
9,851

 

 
9,851

ABS backed by home equity loans
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Subprime

 
26,101

 
26,101

 

 
26,610

 
26,610

Total par value of private-label MBS
$
63,384

 
$
2,069,133

 
$
2,132,517

 
$
65,473

 
$
2,131,889

 
$
2,197,362

_______________________
 (1)
The determination of fixed or variable rate is based upon the contractual coupon type of the security.

The following tables provide additional information related to our investments in MBS issued by private trusts and ABS backed by home-equity loans, indicating whether the underlying mortgage collateral is considered to be prime, Alt-A, or subprime at the time of issuance. Additionally, the amounts outstanding as of March 31, 2013, are stratified by year of issuance of the security. The tables also set forth the credit ratings and summary credit enhancements associated with our private-label MBS and ABS, stratified by collateral type and year of securitization. Average current credit enhancements as of March 31, 2013, reflect the percentage of subordinated class outstanding balances as of March 31, 2013, to our senior class outstanding balances as of March 31, 2013, weighted by the par value of our respective senior class securities, and shown by underlying loan collateral type and year of securitization. Average current credit enhancements as of March 31, 2013, are indicative of the ability of subordinated classes to absorb loan collateral lost principal and interest shortfall before senior classes are impacted.


71


Private-Label MBS and
ABS Backed by Home Equity Loans
by Year of Securitization - Prime
At March 31, 2013
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Private-label MBS - Prime
Total
 
2007
 
2006
 
2005
 
2004 and prior
Par value by credit rating
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

   Triple-A
$
9,637

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
9,637

   Double-A
6,774

 

 

 

 
6,774

   Single-A
25,034

 

 

 

 
25,034

   Triple-B
52,461

 

 

 

 
52,461

Below Investment Grade
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Double-B
27,717

 

 

 

 
27,717

   Single-B
39,601

 
20,841

 

 
14,286

 
4,474

   Triple-C
46,182

 

 

 
32,448

 
13,734

   Single-C
6,742

 

 

 
6,742

 

   Single-D
13,889

 

 
13,889

 

 

   Unrated
17

 

 

 

 
17

Total
$
228,054

 
$
20,841

 
$
13,889

 
$
53,476

 
$
139,848

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amortized cost
$
217,766

 
$
20,842

 
$
10,993

 
$
46,654

 
$
139,277

Gross unrealized losses
(10,804
)
 
(2,211
)
 

 
(2,423
)
 
(6,170
)
Fair value
208,871

 
18,631

 
12,156

 
44,556

 
133,528

Other-than-temporary impairment for the three months ended March 31, 2013:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total other-than-temporary impairment losses on held-to-maturity securities
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

Net amount of impairment losses reclassified to accumulated other comprehensive loss
(8
)
 

 

 

 
(8
)
Net impairment losses on held-to-maturity securities recognized in income
$
(8
)
 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
(8
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average percentage of fair value to par value
91.59
%
 
89.40
%
 
87.52
%
 
83.32
%
 
95.48
%
Original weighted average credit support
11.11

 
6.41

 
8.32

 
20.98

 
8.32

Weighted average credit support
13.16

 
7.66

 

 
12.33

 
15.61

Weighted average collateral delinquency (1)
11.49

 
7.44

 
12.72

 
17.48

 
9.68

_______________________
 (1)          Represents loans that are 60 days or more delinquent.


72


Private-Label MBS and
ABS Backed by Home Equity Loans
by Year of Securitization - Alt-A
At March 31, 2013
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Private-label residential MBS - Alt-A
Total
 
2007
 
2006
 
2005
 
2004 and prior
Par value by credit rating
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Triple-A
$
11,383

 
$

 
$

 
$
11,383

 
$

   Double-A
1,696

 

 

 

 
1,696

   Single-A
46,966

 

 

 
32,554

 
14,412

   Triple-B
19,317

 

 

 
7,430

 
11,887

Below Investment Grade
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Double-B
25,337

 

 

 
16,016

 
9,321

   Single-B
83,707

 

 

 
70,723

 
12,984

   Triple-C
1,004,242

 
252,642

 
526,477

 
225,123

 

   Double-C
304,089

 
115,149

 
159,696

 
29,244

 

   Single-C
83,849

 
8,662

 
35,437

 
39,750

 

   Single-D
297,776

 
107,717

 
88,283

 
101,776

 

Total
$
1,878,362

 
$
484,170

 
$
809,893

 
$
533,999

 
$
50,300

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amortized cost
$
1,407,429

 
$
330,389

 
$
560,791

 
$
465,950

 
50,299

Gross unrealized losses
(133,813
)
 
(30,108
)
 
(51,080
)
 
(48,382
)
 
(4,243
)
Fair value
1,288,623

 
308,026

 
516,217

 
418,324

 
46,056

Other-than-temporary impairment for the three months ended March 31, 2013:
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
Total other-than-temporary impairment losses on held-to-maturity securities
$
(7
)
 
$
(7
)
 
$

 
$

 
$

Net amount of impairment losses reclassified to (from) accumulated other comprehensive loss
(406
)
 
(228
)
 
(178
)
 

 

Net impairment losses on held-to-maturity securities recognized in income
$
(413
)
 
$
(235
)
 
$
(178
)
 
$

 
$

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average percentage of fair value to par value
68.60
%
 
63.62
%
 
63.74
%
 
78.34
%
 
91.56
%
Original weighted average credit support
27.88

 
29.00

 
28.93

 
26.66

 
13.27

Weighted average credit support
13.31

 
10.17

 
10.76

 
18.95

 
25.02

Weighted average collateral delinquency (1)
34.22

 
40.97

 
37.73

 
24.38

 
17.42

_______________________
(1)          Represents loans that are 60 days or more delinquent.


73


Private-Label MBS and
ABS Backed by Home Equity Loans
by Year of Securitization - Subprime
At March 31, 2013
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
ABS backed by home equity loans – Subprime
 
2004 and prior
Par value by credit rating
 
 

   Triple-A
 
$
6,357

   Single-A
 
10,605

   Triple-B
 
2,352

Below Investment Grade
 
 
   Single-B
 
4,157

   Triple-C
 
1,725

   Single-D
 
905

Total
 
$
26,101

 
 
 
Amortized cost
 
$
25,463

Gross unrealized losses
 
(3,642
)
Fair value
 
21,885

Other-than-temporary impairment for the three months ended March 31, 2013:
 
 
Total other-than-temporary impairment losses on held-to-maturity securities
 
$

Net amount of impairment losses reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss
 

Net impairment losses on held-to-maturity securities recognized in income
 
$

 
 
 
Weighted average percentage of fair value to par value
 
83.85
%
Original weighted average credit support
 
10.18

Weighted average credit support
 
34.28

Weighted average collateral delinquency (1)
 
21.46

_______________________
(1)          Represents loans that are 60 days or more delinquent.

The following table provides certain characteristics our private-label MBS that are in a gross unrealized position by collateral
type.


74


Characteristics of Private-Label MBS in a Gross Unrealized Loss Position
As of March 31, 2013
(dollars in thousands)
 
Par Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Weighted Average Collateral Delinquency Rates
Private-label residential MBS backed by:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Prime first lien
$
153,680

 
$
152,206

 
$
(10,804
)
 
11.38
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Alt-A option ARM
700,303

 
578,910

 
(80,292
)
 
37.94

Alt-A other
833,766

 
611,787

 
(53,521
)
 
30.83

Total Alt-A
1,534,069

 
1,190,697

 
(133,813
)
 
34.08

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ABS backed by home equity loans:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
Subprime first lien
25,212

 
24,828

 
(3,642
)
 
21.31

Total private-label MBS
$
1,712,961

 
$
1,367,731

 
$
(148,259
)
 
31.85
%

The following table provides the geographic concentrations by state and by metropolitan statistical area of the loans underlying our private-label MBS and ABS as of March 31, 2013, where such concentrations are five percent or greater of all loans underlying these investments. 
Geographic Concentrations of Loans Underlying our Private-Label MBS and ABS
As of March 31, 2013
 
 
State concentrations
Percentage of Total Private-Label MBS and ABS
    California
38.8
%
    Florida
12.5

    New York
5.2

    All Other
43.5

 
100.0
%
Metropolitan Statistical Area
 
    Los Angeles - Long Beach, CA
10.4
%
    Washington, D.C.-MD-VA-WV
6.3

    All Other
83.3

 
100.0
%
 
Beginning in 2008, actual and projected delinquency, foreclosure, and loss rates for prime, subprime, and Alt-A mortgage loans increased significantly nationwide. While trends have improved in some of these actual measures and their projected
assumptions, they remain elevated as of the date of this report. In addition, values of homes are still significantly below the outstanding balance of debt secured by them in many areas and nationwide unemployment rates are high, increasing the likelihood and magnitude of potential losses on troubled and/or foreclosed real estate. The widespread impact of these trends has led to the recognition of significant losses by financial institutions, including commercial banks, investment banks, and financial guaranty providers.

The following graph demonstrates how average prices have changed with respect to various asset classes in our MBS portfolio during the 12 months ended March 31, 2013:



75



Insured Investments

Certain private-label MBS that we own are insured by monoline insurers, which guarantee the timely payment of principal and interest on such MBS if such payments cannot be satisfied from the cash flows of the underlying mortgage pool. The assessment for other-than-temporary impairment of the MBS protected by such third-party insurance is described in Item 1 — Notes to the Financial Statements — Note 6 — Other-Than-Temporary Impairment.

The monoline bond insurers continue to be subject to adverse ratings, rating downgrades, and weak financial performance measures. Below investment-grade ratings or rating downgrades imply an increased risk that the monoline bond insurer will fail to fulfill its obligations to reimburse the insured investor for claims made under the related insurance policies. There are five monoline bond insurers that insure our investment securities. As discussed in Item 7 — Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Critical Accounting Estimates — Other-Than-Temporary Impairment of Investment Securities in the 2012 Annual Report, we generally perform a “burnout period” analysis of the monoline bond insurers. Of the five monoline bond insurers, only the financial guarantee from Assured Guaranty Municipal Corp. is considered sufficient to cover all future claims and therefore excluded from a burnout period analysis. Conversely, the key burnout period for monoline bond insurer Financial Guaranty Insurance Company is not considered applicable due to regulatory intervention that has suspended all claims, and we have placed no reliance on this monoline insurer. Syncora Guarantee Inc. is currently paying claims after previous regulatory intervention, although the burnout period is indeterminate, therefore we have placed no reliance on this monoline insurer. For the remaining monoline bond insurers, MBIA Insurance Corporation and Ambac Assurance Corp., we have established a burnout period ending June 30, 2013. In addition, Ambac Assurance Corp. reimbursements during the burnout period are limited to 25 percent of claims in accordance with orders by the Wisconsin State Insurance Commissioner. We monitor the financial condition of these monoline bond insurers on an ongoing basis and as facts and circumstances change, the burnout period could significantly change.


76


As of March 31, 2013, our private-label MBS and ABS backed by home-equity loan investments covered by monoline insurance was $114.3 million, of which $110.4 million represents private-label MBS covered by the monoline bond insurance for some period of time in the cash flow modeling. Of the $110.4 million, 79.9 percent represents Alt-A MBS and 20.1 percent represents subprime ABS backed by home-equity loan investments.

Our total investments in HFA securities was $188.5 million as of March 31, 2013. The following table provides the geographic concentrations by state of our HFA investments where such concentrations are five percent or greater of our total HFA investments as of March 31, 2013.
State Concentrations of HFA Securities
As of March 31, 2013
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
Carrying Value
 
Percent of Total HFA Investments
Massachusetts
 
$
111,310

 
59.0
%
Rhode Island
 
29,910

 
15.9

Connecticut
 
24,035

 
12.7

Maine
 
15,000

 
8.0

All Other
 
8,265

 
4.4

 
 
$
188,520

 
100.0
%

Standby Bond-Purchase Agreements. We have entered into standby bond-purchase agreements with one state HFA whereby we, for a fee, agree to purchase and hold the HFA's unremarketed bonds until the designated remarketing agent can find a new investor or the state HFA repurchases the bonds. Each agreement contains termination provisions in the event of a rating downgrade of the subject bond. Standby bond purchase commitments totaled $93.1 million at March 31, 2013, to this HFA. All of the bonds underlying the commitments to this HFA maintain standalone ratings of triple-A from two NRSROs.

Mortgage Loans

As of March 31, 2013, our mortgage loan investment portfolio totaled $3.5 billion, an increase of $25.5 million from December 31, 2012. This increase occurred notwithstanding increasing prepayments on these investments, which could reflect growing interest in MPF as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac increase their guarantee fees, which all else being equal, reduces their competitiveness with MPF. Notwithstanding the growth we experienced in 2012, we do not expect this portfolio to change significantly in 2013 based on continuing uncertainty about the mortgage loan market based both on legislative and regulatory developments, such as the recently finalized qualified mortgage rule, and the economy.

References to our investments in mortgage loans throughout this report include the 100 percent participation interests in mortgage loans purchased under a participation facility we have with the FHLBank of Chicago. The expiration date of this facility has been extended to June 30, 2014, and may be extended again. As of March 31, 2013, we had $437.1 million in 100 percent participation interests outstanding that had been purchased under this facility. For additional information on this facility, see Item 1 — Business — Business Lines — Mortgage Loan Finance — MPF Loan Participations with the FHLBank of Chicago in the 2012 Annual Report.

Mortgage Loans Credit Risk

We are subject to credit risk from the mortgage loans in which we invest due to our exposure to the credit risk of the underlying borrowers and the credit risk of the participating financial institutions when the participating financial institutions retain credit-enhancement and/or servicing obligations. For additional information on the credit risks arising from our participation in the MPF program, see Item 7 — Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Financial Condition — Mortgage Loans — Mortgage Loans Credit Risk in the 2012 Annual Report.

Although our mortgage loan portfolio includes loans throughout the U.S., concentrations of five percent or greater of the outstanding principal balance of our conventional mortgage loan portfolio are shown in the following table:


77


State Concentrations by Outstanding Principal Balance
 
Percentage of Total Outstanding Principal Balance of Conventional Mortgage Loans
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
 
 

 
 

    Massachusetts
39
%
 
39
%
    Maine
11

 
10

    California
8

 
9

    Connecticut
7

 
8

    Wisconsin
7

 
7

    All others
28

 
27

    Total
100
%
 
100
%

Allowance for Credit Losses on Mortgage Loans. The allowance for credit losses on mortgage loans was $3.4 million at March 31, 2013, compared with $4.4 million at December 31, 2012. For information on the determination of the allowance at March 31, 2013, see Item 1 — Notes to the Financial Statements — Note 9 — Allowance for Credit Losses, and for information on our methodology for estimating the allowance, see Item 7 — Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Critical Accounting Estimates — Allowance for Loan Losses in the 2012 Annual Report.

We place conventional mortgage loans on nonaccrual when the collection of the contractual principal or interest is 90 days or more past due. Accrued interest on nonaccrual loans is reversed against interest income. We monitor the delinquency levels of the mortgage loan portfolio on a monthly basis. Our investments in conventional mortgage loans that are delinquent are shown in the following table:
Delinquent Mortgage Loans
(dollars in thousands)
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Total par value past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest
$
22,451

 
$
23,210

Nonaccrual loans, par value
49,860

 
50,571

Troubled debt restructurings (not included above)
2,572

 
1,909


Although delinquent loans in our portfolio are spread throughout the U.S., delinquent loan concentrations of five percent or greater of the outstanding principal balance of our total conventional mortgage loans delinquent by more than 30 days are shown in the following table:
State Concentrations of Delinquent Conventional Mortgage Loans
 
Percentage of Total Outstanding Principal Balance of Delinquent Conventional Mortgage Loans
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
 
 

 
 

    Massachusetts
28
%
 
27
%
    California
20

 
21

    Connecticut
10

 
10

    All others
42

 
42

    Total
100
%
 
100
%

Higher-Risk Loans. Our portfolio includes certain higher-risk conventional mortgage loans. These include high loan-to-value ratio mortgage loans and subprime mortgage loans. The higher-risk loans represent a relatively small portion of our conventional mortgage loan portfolio (8.9 percent by outstanding principal balance), but a disproportionately higher portion of the conventional mortgage loan portfolio delinquencies (42.3 percent by outstanding principal balance). Our allowance for loan losses reflects the expected losses associated with these higher-risk loan types. The table below shows the balance of higher-risk conventional mortgage loans and their delinquency rates as of March 31, 2013.
 

78


Summary of Higher-Risk Conventional Mortgage Loans
As of March 31, 2013
(dollars in thousands)
High-Risk Loan Type
 
Total Par Value
 
Percent Delinquent 30 Days
 
Percent Delinquent 60 Days
 
Percent Delinquent 90 Days or More and Nonaccruing
Subprime loans (1)
 
$
163,477

 
5.71
%
 
2.10
%
 
8.06
%
High loan-to-value loans (2)
 
89,340

 
1.85

 
0.16

 
9.17

Subprime and high loan-to-value loans (3)
 
13,438

 
4.77

 
3.67

 
16.27

Total high-risk loans
 
$
266,255

 
4.36
%
 
1.53
%
 
8.85
%
_______________________
(1)
Subprime loans are loans to borrowers with FICO® credit scores 660 or lower.
(2)
High loan-to-value loans have an estimated current loan-to-value ratio greater than 100 percent based on movements in property values in the core-based statistical areas where the property securing the loan is located.
(3)
These loans are subprime and also have a current estimated loan-to-value ratio greater than 100 percent.
 
Our portfolio consists solely of fixed-rate conventionally amortizing first-lien mortgage loans. The portfolio does not include adjustable-rate mortgage loans, pay-option adjustable-rate mortgage loans, interest-only mortgage loans, junior lien mortgage loans, or loans with initial teaser rates.

Mortgage Insurance Companies. We are exposed to credit risk from mortgage insurance companies that provide credit enhancement in place of the participating financial institution and for primary mortgage insurance coverage on individual loans. As of March 31, 2013, we were the beneficiary of primary mortgage insurance coverage on $182.3 million of conventional mortgage loans, and we were the beneficiary of supplemental mortgage insurance coverage on mortgage pools with a total unpaid principal balance of $26.6 million. Eight mortgage insurance companies provide all of the coverage under these policies.
 
As of April 30, 2013, all of these mortgage insurance companies, with the exceptions of Triad Guaranty Insurance Corporation and Republic Mortgage Insurance Company, which are no longer rated by any of the NRSROs, have a credit rating of triple-B or lower (or equivalent) by at least one NRSRO as presented in the below table. Ordinarily we do not accept primary mortgage insurance from a mortgage insurance company for our investments in conventional mortgage loans unless that company is rated at least triple-B- by S&P at the time of our investment in the loan (although we may accept lower-rated mortgage insurance provided we obtain additional credit enhancement in such form as we deem appropriate and of substance sufficient to mitigate the risks of relying on such lower rated primary mortgage insurance). Given that only two mortgage insurance companies have a credit rating of at least triple-B- as of April 30, 2013, we could develop increasing concentrations of exposure to those mortgage insurance companies. We have established and maintain limits on exposure to individual mortgage insurance companies in an effort to mitigate those concentration risks. However, those exposure limits could lead to fewer mortgage loan investment opportunities for us.

We have analyzed our potential loss exposure to all of the mortgage insurance companies and do not expect incremental losses based on these exposures at this time. This expectation is based on the credit-enhancement features of our master commitments (exclusive of mortgage insurance), the underwriting characteristics of the loans that back our master commitments, the seasoning of the loans that back these master commitments, and the strong performance of the loans to date. We have monitored the financial condition of these mortgage insurance companies. Further, we required all new supplemental mortgage insurance policies be with companies rated AA- or higher by S&P. However, none of the eight mortgage insurance companies previously approved by us are currently eligible to write new supplemental mortgage insurance policies for loan pools sold to us. We do not currently invest in mortgage loans that rely on supplemental mortgage insurance to be eligible investments.


79


Mortgage Insurance Companies that Provide Mortgage Insurance Coverage
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
As of April 30, 2013
 
March 31, 2013
Mortgage Insurance
Company
 
Mortgage Insurance Company Ratings
(S&P/ Moody's/Fitch
 
Credit Rating Outlook
 
Balance of
Loans with
Primary Mortgage Insurance
 
Primary Mortgage Insurance
 
Supplemental
Mortgage Insurance
 
Total Mortgage Insurance Coverage
 
Percent of Total Mortgage Insurance Coverage
United Guaranty Residential Insurance Corporation
 
BBB/Baa1/NR
 
Stable
 
$
127,429

 
$
29,862

 
$
16,195

 
$
46,057

 
71.8
%
Genworth Mortgage Insurance Corporation
 
B/Ba2/NR
 
Negative
 
26,905

 
7,007

 

 
7,007

 
10.9

Mortgage Guaranty Insurance Corporation
 
B/B2/NR
 
Negative
 
15,423

 
3,672

 
912

 
4,584

 
7.1

CMG Mortgage Insurance Company
 
BBB-/NR/NR
 
Negative
 
7,054

 
1,816

 

 
1,816

 
2.8

PMI Mortgage Insurance Company (1)
 
NR/Caa3/NR
 
Negative
 
2,694

 
692

 

 
692

 
1.1

Radian Guaranty Incorporated
 
B-/Ba3/NR
 
Negative
 
883

 
235

 
2,657

 
2,892

 
4.5

Republic Mortgage Insurance Company (2)
 
NR/NR/NR
 
N/A
 
1,782

 
431

 
649

 
1,080

 
1.7

Triad Guaranty Insurance Corporation
 
NR/NR/NR
 
N/A
 
152

 
38

 

 
38

 
0.1

 
 
 
 
 
 
$
182,322

 
$
43,753

 
$
20,413

 
$
64,166

 
100.0
%
_______________________
(1)
On October 20, 2011, the Arizona Department of Insurance took possession and control of PMI Mortgage Insurance Company and beginning October 24, 2011, PMI Mortgage Insurance Company has been directed to only pay 50 percent of the claim amounts with the remaining claim amounts being deferred until the company is liquidated. On March 14, 2012, the court entered an Order for Appointment of Receiver and Injunction placing PMI Mortgage Insurance Company into rehabilitation. On April 5, 2013, the cash percentage of the partial claim payment plan increased to 55 percent. The remaining 45 percent will be deferred based upon PMI Mortgage Insurance Company's ability to pay additional amounts in the future. Additionally, all claims that have previously been settled at a 50 percent cash percentage were trued up (in a one-time payment) to the increased level of 55 percent.
(2)
On January 19, 2012, the North Carolina Department of Insurance issued an Order of Supervision providing for immediate
administrative supervision of Republic Mortgage Insurance Co. (RMIC). Under the order, RMIC continues to manage the
business through its employees, and retains its status as a wholly-owned subsidiary of its parent holding company, Old Republic International Corporation. The primary effect is that RMIC may not pay more than 50 percent of any claims allowed under any policy of insurance it has issued. The remaining 50 percent will be deferred and credited to a temporary surplus account on the books of RMIC during an initial period not to exceed one year. Accordingly, all claim payments made on January 19, 2012, and thereafter will be made at the rate of 50 percent.

Deposits

At March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, deposits totaled $662.6 million and $595.0 million, respectively.

Term deposits issued in amounts of $100,000 or greater at both March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, amounted to $20.0 million, with a maturity date in 2014, and a weighted average rate of 4.71 percent.

Consolidated Obligations

See — Liquidity and Capital Resources for information regarding our COs.

Derivative Instruments
 
All derivative instruments are recorded on the statement of condition at fair value, and are classified as assets or liabilities according to the net fair value of derivatives aggregated by counterparty. Derivative assets' net fair value, net of cash collateral

80


and accrued interest, totaled $237,000 and $111,000 as of March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, respectively. Derivative liabilities' net fair value, net of cash collateral and accrued interest, totaled $823.8 million and $907.1 million as of March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, respectively.

The following table presents a summary of the notional amounts and estimated fair values of our outstanding derivatives, excluding accrued interest, and related hedged item by product and type of accounting treatment as of March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012. The notional amount is a factor in determining periodic interest payments or cash flows received and paid. Accordingly, the notional amount does not represent actual amounts exchanged or our overall exposure to credit and market risk. The hedge designation “fair value” represents the hedge classification for transactions that qualify for hedge-accounting treatment and hedge changes in fair value attributable to changes in the designated benchmark interest rate, which is LIBOR. The hedge designation "cash flow" represents the hedge classification for transactions that qualify for hedge-accounting treatment and hedge the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows. The hedge designation “economic” represents hedge strategies that do not qualify for hedge accounting, but are acceptable hedging strategies under our risk-management policy.
Hedged Item and Hedge-Accounting Treatment
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Hedged Item
 
Derivative
 
Designation
 
Notional
Amount
 
Fair
 Value
 
Notional
Amount
 
Fair
Value
Advances (1)
 
Swaps
 
Fair value
 
$
5,422,440

 
$
(434,417
)
 
$
5,883,040

 
$
(491,931
)
 
 
Swaps
 
Economic
 
154,500

 
(1,452
)
 
139,500

 
(1,166
)
Total associated with advances
 
 
 
 
 
5,576,940

 
(435,869
)
 
6,022,540

 
(493,097
)
Available-for-sale securities
 
Swaps
 
Fair value
 
611,915

 
(333,594
)
 
711,915

 
(361,956
)
 
 
Caps and floors
 
Economic
 
300,000

 
89

 
300,000

 
50

Total associated with available-for-sale securities
 
 
 
 
 
911,915

 
(333,505
)
 
1,011,915

 
(361,906
)
Trading securities
 
Swaps
 
Economic
 
215,000

 
(29,834
)
 
225,000

 
(32,476
)
COs
 
Swaps
 
Fair value
 
7,845,795

 
43,133

 
7,980,795

 
66,357

 
 
Swaps
 
Economic
 
1,000,000

 
277

 
1,000,000

 
406

 
 
Forward starting swaps
 
Cash Flow
 
1,250,000

 
(64,466
)
 
1,250,000

 
(64,897
)
Total associated with COs
 
 
 
 
 
10,095,795

 
(21,056
)
 
10,230,795

 
1,866

Deposits
 
Swaps
 
Fair value
 
20,000

 
2,291

 
20,000

 
2,685

Total
 
 
 
 
 
16,819,650

 
(817,973
)
 
17,510,250

 
(882,928
)
Mortgage delivery commitments
 
 
 
 
 
31,017

 
88

 
30,938

 
19

Total derivatives
 
 
 
 
 
$
16,850,667

 
(817,885
)
 
$
17,541,188

 
(882,909
)
Accrued interest
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
(5,699
)
 
 

 
(24,072
)
Net derivatives
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
$
(823,584
)
 
 

 
$
(906,981
)
Derivative asset
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
$
237

 
 

 
$
111

Derivative liability
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
(823,821
)
 
 

 
(907,092
)
Net derivatives
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
$
(823,584
)
 
 

 
$
(906,981
)
 _______________________
(1) Embedded advance derivatives separated from the host contract with a notional amount of $154.5 million and a fair value of $1.4 million are not included in the table.

The following tables provide a summary of our hedging relationships for fair-value hedges of advances and COs that qualify for hedge accounting by year of contractual maturity. Interest accruals on interest-rate-exchange agreements in qualifying hedge relationships are recorded as interest income on advances and interest expense on COs in the statement of operations. The notional amount of derivatives in qualifying hedge relationships of advances and COs totals $13.3 billion, representing 78.7 percent of all derivatives outstanding as of March 31, 2013. Economic hedges and cash-flow hedges are not included within the two tables below.

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Fair-Value Hedge Relationships of Advances
By Year of Contractual Maturity
As of March 31, 2013
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted-Average Yield (3)
 
Derivatives
 
Advances(1)
 
 
 
Derivatives
 
 
Maturity
Notional
 
Fair Value
 
Hedged
Amount
 
Fair-Value
Adjustment(2)
 
Advances
 
Receive
Floating
Rate
 
Pay
Fixed
Rate
 
Net Receive
Result
Due in one year or less
$
622,210

 
$
(8,944
)
 
$
622,210

 
$
8,935

 
3.56
%
 
0.29
%
 
3.37
%
 
0.48
%
Due after one year through two years
645,250

 
(24,310
)
 
645,250

 
24,256

 
3.18

 
0.29

 
2.96

 
0.51

Due after two years through three years
592,060

 
(29,588
)
 
592,060

 
29,605

 
2.87

 
0.30

 
2.52

 
0.65

Due after three years through four years
1,246,530

 
(109,225
)
 
1,246,530

 
107,885

 
3.30

 
0.29

 
3.03

 
0.56

Due after four years through five years
1,626,750

 
(200,860
)
 
1,626,750

 
199,943

 
3.68

 
0.29

 
3.56

 
0.41

Thereafter
689,640

 
(61,490
)
 
689,640

 
61,442

 
3.17

 
0.29

 
2.74

 
0.72

Total
$
5,422,440

 
$
(434,417
)
 
$
5,422,440

 
$
432,066

 
3.37
%
 
0.29
%
 
3.13
%
 
0.53
%
_______________________
(1)
Included in the advances hedged amount are $3.1 billion of putable advances, which would accelerate the termination date of the derivative and the hedged item if the put option is exercised.
(2)
The fair-value adjustment of hedged advances represents the amounts recorded for changes in the fair value attributable to changes in the designated benchmark interest rate, LIBOR.
(3)
The yield for floating-rate instruments and the floating-rate leg of interest-rate swaps is the coupon rate in effect as of March 31, 2013.
 
Fair-Value Hedge Relationships of Consolidated Obligations
By Year of Contractual Maturity
As of March 31, 2013
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted-Average Yield (3)
 
Derivatives
 
CO Bonds (1)
 
 
 
Derivatives
 
 
Year of Maturity
Notional
 
Fair Value
 
Hedged Amount
 
Fair-Value
Adjustment(2)
 
CO Bonds
 
Receive
Fixed Rate
 
Pay
Floating
 Rate
 
Net Pay
Result
Due in one year or less
$
3,938,100

 
$
18,064

 
$
3,938,100

 
$
(18,006
)
 
1.38
%
 
1.42
%
 
0.24
%
 
0.20
%
Due after one year through two years
1,517,695

 
9,942

 
1,517,695

 
(9,942
)
 
0.72

 
0.76

 
0.20

 
0.16

Due after two years through three years
790,000

 
19,321

 
790,000

 
(19,321
)
 
1.29

 
1.30

 
0.19

 
0.18

Due after three years through four years
120,000

 
1,388

 
120,000

 
(1,401
)
 
0.93

 
0.93

 
0.23

 
0.23

Due after four years through five years
335,000

 
371

 
335,000

 
(407
)
 
0.81

 
0.81

 
0.11

 
0.11

Thereafter
1,145,000

 
(5,953
)
 
1,145,000

 
5,563

 
1.32

 
1.32

 
0.03

 
0.03

Total
$
7,845,795

 
$
43,133

 
$
7,845,795

 
$
(43,514
)
 
1.20
%
 
1.23
%
 
0.19
%
 
0.16
%
_______________________
(1)
Included in the CO Bonds hedged amount are $1.4 billion of callable CO bonds, which would accelerate the termination date of the derivative and the hedged item if the call option is exercised.
(2) 
The fair-value adjustment of hedged CO bonds represents the amounts recorded for changes in the fair value attributable to changes in the designated benchmark interest rate, LIBOR.
(3)
The yield for floating-rate instruments and the floating-rate leg of interest-rate swaps is the coupon rate in effect as of March 31, 2013.

We engage in derivatives directly with affiliates of certain of our members that act as derivatives dealers to us. These derivatives are entered into for our own risk-management purposes and are not related to requests from our members to enter into such contracts. See Item 1 — Notes to the Financial Statements — Note 19 — Transactions with Related Parties for outstanding derivatives with affiliates of members.


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Derivatives Clearing. Beginning on June 10, 2013, we will be required to use centralized derivatives clearing organizations to clear certain derivatives that the Commodity Futures Trading Commission has designated to be subject to a mandatory clearing requirement, pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (the Dodd-Frank
Act). To prepare for this requirement, we have begun clearing certain of our interest rate swaps to ensure that we will be operationally capable of clearing all such swaps. Derivatives that are cleared through derivatives clearing organizations are not governed by the same legal documentation regime that applies to our derivatives that are executed and maintained bilaterally with counterparties. Rather, derivatives that are cleared are governed by futures account agreements in accordance with requirements of the Dodd-Frank Act. Under this framework, immediately after we execute a derivative transaction with an executing broker, we and the executing broker assign our respective counterparty relationships to a derivatives clearing organization through a clearing member of that derivatives clearing organization that acts as our agent. The derivatives clearing organization requires that we offset current derivatives exposures with variation margin and that we provide the clearinghouse with initial margin separate from the variation margin to provide the derivatives clearing organization additional protection against loss in the event of our default. As of March 31, 2013, we had one cleared interest rate swap with a notional amount of $10.0 million. We anticipate that we will clear more interest rate swaps in the future prior to the June 10, 2013 effective date for mandatory derivatives clearing.

Derivative Instruments Credit Risk. We are subject to credit risk on derivative instruments. This risk arises from the risk of counterparty default on the derivative. The amount of loss created by default is the replacement cost of the defaulted contract, net of any collateral held by us or pledged by us to counterparties (unsecured derivatives exposure). We currently receive only cash collateral from counterparties with whom we are in a current positive fair-value position (i.e., we are in the money). The resulting net exposure at fair value is reflected in the derivative instruments table below. We presently pledge only securities collateral to counterparties with whom we are in a current negative fair-value position (i.e., we are out of the money). From time to time, due to timing differences or derivatives valuation differences, and the contractual haircuts applied, we pledge to counterparties securities collateral whose fair value exceeds the current negative fair-value positions with them. The table below details our counterparty credit exposure as of March 31, 2013.


83


Derivatives Counterparty Current Credit Exposure
As of March 31, 2013
(dollars in thousands)

Credit Rating (1)
 
Notional Amount
 
Net Derivatives Fair Value Before Collateral
 
Cash Collateral Pledged From Counterparty
 
Non-cash Collateral Pledged To Counterparty
 
Net Credit Exposure to Counterparties
Asset positions with credit exposure:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single-A
 
$
58,500

 
$
141

 
$

 
$

 
$
141

Unrated (2)
 
10,000

 

 

 

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liability positions with credit exposure:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single-A
 
3,728,520

 
(168,952
)
 

 
179,198

 
10,246

Total derivative positions with non-member counterparties to which we had credit exposure
 
3,797,020

 
(168,811
)
 

 
179,198

 
10,387

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage delivery commitments (3)
 
22,997

 
95

 

 

 
95

Total
 
$
3,820,017

 
$
(168,716
)
 
$

 
$
179,198

 
$
10,482

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative positions without credit exposure: (4)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Double-A
 
$
102,000

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single-A
 
9,494,990

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Triple-B
 
3,425,640

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage delivery commitments (3)
 
8,020

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total derivative positions without credit exposure
 
$
13,030,650

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
_______________________
(1)
Ratings are obtained from Moody's, Fitch, and S&P. If there is a split rating, the lowest rating is used. In the case where the obligations are unconditionally and irrevocably guaranteed, the rating of the guarantor is used.
(2)
Represents a derivative transaction cleared with a clearinghouse.
(3)
Total fair-value exposures related to commitments to invest in mortgage loans are offset by certain pair-off fees. Commitments to invest in mortgage loans are reflected as derivative instruments. We do not collateralize these commitments. However, should the participating financial institution fail to deliver the mortgage loans as agreed, the participating financial institution is charged a fee to compensate us for the nonperformance.
(4)
Represents derivatives positions with counterparties for which we are in a net liability position, on a net basis, and for which we have delivered securities collateral to the counterparty in an amount equal to or less than the net derivative liability, or represents derivative positions with counterparties for which we are in a net asset position, on a net basis, and for which the counterparty has delivered collateral to us in an amount which exceeds our net derivative asset.

We note that our derivatives instruments could require us to deliver additional collateral to certain of our counterparties if our credit rating is downgraded by an NRSRO, which could increase our exposure to loss in the event of a default by a counterparty to which we were the net creditor at the time of any such default, as further detailed in Item 1 — Notes to the Financial Statements — Note 10 — Derivatives and Hedging Activities. For information on how we mitigate the credit risk from unsecured credit exposures under our derivatives instruments, see Item 7 — Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Financial Condition — Derivative Instruments — Derivative Instruments Credit Risk in the 2012 Annual Report.

We note that during the quarter ended March 31, 2013, we had two Eurozone derivatives counterparties: one domiciled in France and one domiciled in Germany, each of which is rated single-A or higher by all three of the major NRSROs. We had

84


$141,000 in unsecured derivatives exposure to these Eurozone financial institutions on March 31, 2013. Our maximum unsecured derivatives exposure to any Eurozone counterparty was $16.1 million during the quarter ended March 31, 2013.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
 
Our financial structure is designed to enable us to expand and contract our assets, liabilities, and capital in response to changes in membership composition and member credit needs. Our primary source of liquidity is our access to the capital markets through CO issuance, which is described in Item 1 — Business — Consolidated Obligations in the 2012 Annual Report.

The Office of Finance has established a methodology for the allocation of the proceeds from the issuance of COs when COs cannot be issued in sufficient amounts to satisfy all FHLBank demand for funding during periods of financial distress and when its existing allocation processes are deemed insufficient. In general, this methodology provides that the proceeds in such circumstances will be allocated among the FHLBanks based on relative FHLBank total regulatory capital, with FHLBanks with greater total regulatory capital in absolute terms receiving greater allocations of issuance proceeds. The Office of Finance will use this method in such periods unless it determines that there is an overwhelming reason to adopt a different allocation method. As is the case during any instance of a disruption in our ability to access the capital market, market conditions or this allocation could adversely impact our ability to finance our operations, which could adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations.

Outstanding COs and the condition of the market for COs are discussed below under — External Sources of Liquidity. Our equity capital resources are governed by our capital plan, certain portions of which are described under — Capital below as well as by applicable legal and regulatory requirements.
 
Liquidity

Internal Sources of Liquidity

We maintain structural liquidity to ensure we meet our day-to-day business needs and our contractual obligations. We define structural liquidity as the difference between projected sources and uses of funds (projected net cash flow) adjusted to include certain assumed contingent, noncontractual obligations, or behavioral assumptions (cumulative contingent obligations). Cumulative contingent obligations include the assumption that maturing advances are renewed, member overnight deposits are withdrawn at a rate of 50 percent per day, and commitments (MPF and other commitments) are taken down at a conservatively projected pace. We define available liquidity as the sources of funds available to us through our normal access to the capital markets, subject to leverage, credit line capacity, and collateral constraints. Our risk-management policy requires us to maintain structural liquidity each day so that any excess of uses over sources is covered by available liquidity for a four-week forecast period and 50 percent of the excess of uses over sources is covered by available liquidity over eight- and 12-week forecast periods.

The following table shows our structural liquidity as of March 31, 2013.

Structural Liquidity
As of March 31, 2013
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
Month 1
 
Month 2
 
Month 3
Projected net cash flow (1)
$
3,426,220

 
$
2,569,261

 
$
1,692,613

Less: Cumulative contingent obligations
(4,996,617
)
 
(7,486,540
)
 
(9,157,873
)
Equals: Net structural liquidity need
(1,570,397
)
 
(4,917,279
)
 
(7,465,260
)
Available borrowing capacity (2)
$
41,571,567

 
$
43,986,902

 
$
45,770,003

Ratio of available borrowing capacity to net structural liquidity need
26.47

 
8.95

 
6.13

Minimum ratio required by our risk management policy
1.00

 
0.50

 
0.50

_______________________
(1)
Projected net cash flow equals projected sources of funds less projected uses of funds based on contractual maturities or expected option exercise periods, as applicable.

85


(2)
Available borrowing capacity is the CO issuance capacity based on achieving leverage up to our internal minimum capital requirement. For information on this internal minimum capital requirement, see — Internal Capital Practices and Policies — Internal Minimum Capital Requirement in Excess of Regulatory Requirements.

FHFA regulations require us to hold contingency liquidity in an amount sufficient to enable us to cover our liquidity requirements for a minimum of five business days without access to the CO debt markets. We complied with this requirement at all times during the year ending March 31, 2013. As of March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, we held a surplus of $8.9 billion and $11.4 billion, respectively, of contingency liquidity for the following five days, exclusive of access to the proceeds of CO debt issuance. The following table demonstrates our contingency liquidity as of March 31, 2013.

Contingency Liquidity
As of March 31, 2013
(dollars in thousands)
 
Cumulative
Fifth
Business Day
Projected net cash flow (1)
$
179,296

Contingency borrowing capacity (exclusive of CO issuances)
8,740,508

Net contingency borrowing capacity
$
8,919,804

_______________________
(1)
Projected net cash flow equals projected sources of funds less projected uses of funds based on contractual maturities or expected option exercise periods, as applicable.

In addition, certain FHFA guidance requires us to maintain sufficient liquidity, through short-term investments, in an amount at least equal to our anticipated cash outflows under two different scenarios. One scenario assumes that we cannot borrow funds from the capital markets for a period of 15 days and that during that time we do not renew any maturing, prepaid, and put or called advances. The second scenario assumes that we cannot borrow funds from the capital markets for five days and that during that period we will renew maturing and called advances for all members except very large, highly rated members. We were in compliance with these liquidity requirements at all times during the three months ended March 31, 2013.
 
Further, we are sensitive to maintaining an appropriate funding balance between our assets and liabilities and have an established policy that limits the potential gap between assets inclusive of projected prepayments, funded by liabilities, inclusive of projected calls, maturing in less than one year. The established policy limits this imbalance to a gap of 20 percent of total assets. We maintained compliance with this limit at all times during the three months ended March 31, 2013. During the three months ended March 31, 2013, this gap averaged 3.7 percent (maximum level 4.1 percent and minimum level 3.2 percent). As of March 31, 2013, this gap was 3.9 percent, compared with 4.6 percent at December 31, 2012.

External Sources of Liquidity

FHLBank P&I Funding Contingency Plan Agreement
 
We have a source of emergency external liquidity through the FHLBank P&I Funding Contingency Plan Agreement, as discussed in Item 7 — Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources — External Sources of Liquidity in the 2012 Annual Report. Neither we nor any of the other FHLBanks have ever drawn upon this agreement.

Debt Financing Consolidated Obligations
 
At March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, outstanding COs, including both CO bonds and CO discount notes, totaled $31.7 billion and $34.8 billion, respectively.

CO bonds outstanding for which we are primarily liable at March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, include issued callable bonds totaling $2.4 billion and $2.1 billion, respectively.

CO discount notes are also a significant funding source for us. CO discount notes are short-term instruments with maturities ranging from overnight to one year. We use CO discount notes primarily to fund short-term advances and investments and longer-term advances and investments with short repricing intervals. CO discount notes comprised 18.9 percent and 24.9 percent of the outstanding COs for which we are primarily liable at March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, respectively, but

86


accounted for 88.2 percent and 92.8 percent of the proceeds from the issuance of such COs during the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, due, in particular, to our frequent overnight CO discount note issuances.

See Item 1 — Notes to the Financial Statements — Note 12 — Consolidated Obligations for additional information on the COs for which we are primarily liable.

Financial Conditions for Consolidated Obligations

We have experienced relatively favorable CO issuance costs and good market access during the period covered by this report. Further, financial markets have remained generally calm notwithstanding the U.S. federal government's future fiscal plans; national debt challenges; and debt crises in the Eurozone. The U.S. economy grew modestly during the quarter ended December 31, 2012. However, continued uncertainty as to the resolution of statutorily mandated deficit reduction and the failure of the Congress to agree to a plan to increase the current debt ceiling could negatively impact the market for CO debt over the course of 2013.

We continue to operate in a prolonged, historically low interest-rate environment as discussed under — Executive Summary — Low Interest-Rate Environment. Overall, we have experienced relatively low CO issuance costs during the period covered by this report, reflecting the low interest-rate environment together with continuing investor preferences for low-risk investments. We have experienced good market demand for all tenors of COs with the strongest demand for short-term COs, and have had no difficulty issuing debt in the amounts and structures required to meet our funding and risk-management needs. Throughout the quarter ended March 31, 2013, COs were issued at yields that were generally at or below equivalent-maturity LIBOR swap yields for debt maturing in less than five years, while longer-term issues bore funding costs that were typically higher than equivalent maturity LIBOR swap yields. We continue to experience similar pricing into the second quarter of 2013. Among the factors that could further shape demand for COs through the rest of the year, we note the potential downgrade of the U.S. federal government. We further note that the NRSROs have historically indicated that FHLBank credit ratings, including credit ratings for COs, are constrained by the rating of the U.S. federal government. Accordingly, a Moody's downgrade of the U.S. federal government could result in a downgrade of the FHLBanks and COs. For a discussion of how an NRSRO downgrade could impact us, see our 2012 Annual Report Item 1A — Risk Factors — Business and Reputation Risks — An NRSRO's downgrade of the U.S. federal government's credit ratings could adversely impact our funding costs and/or access to the capital markets, require us to deliver collateral to certain derivatives counterparties, and/or adversely impact demand for certain of our products. Finally, as noted in our 2012 Annual Report Item 1A — Risk Factors — Market and Liquidity Risks — Legislative or regulatory reforms that impact investors in COs could adversely impact our funding availability and costs, the implementation of reforms impacting money-market funds could cause a significant reduction in the size of these funds, and thus, the loss of this investor base for short-term CO debt.

Capital

Capital at March 31, 2013, was $3.4 billion, a decrease of $193.8 million from $3.6 billion at year-end 2012. Capital stock declined by $253.0 million due to the repurchase of $300.0 million of excess capital stock (of which $25.0 million was mandatorily redeemable capital stock) offset in part by the issuance of $22.1 million of capital stock. Restricted retained earnings totaled $75.0 million at March 31, 2013, while total retained earnings at March 31, 2013, grew to $637.7 million, an increase of $50.1 million from December 31, 2012. Accumulated other comprehensive loss totaled $467.6 million at March 31, 2013, an improvement of $9.1 million from December 31, 2012.

The FHLBank Act and FHFA regulations specify that each FHLBank is required to satisfy certain minimum regulatory capital requirements. We were in compliance with these requirements at March 31, 2013, as discussed in Item 1 — Notes to the Financial Statements — Note 14 — Capital.

We note that Bank of America Rhode Island, N.A. has merged into its parent BANA in April 2013. BANA is ineligible for membership, so this merger resulted in the loss of our largest member by capital stock, holding $857.8 million, or 25.3 percent, of our total capital stock outstanding at March 31, 2013. For a discussion of our expectations of the impact of the loss of this member upon the expected completion of the merger, see Item 2 — Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Financial Condition — Advances.

Subject to applicable law following the expiry of the stock redemption period (which is five years for Class B stock),
we redeem capital stock for any member that either gives notice of intent to withdraw from membership, or becomes a nonmember due to merger, acquisition, charter termination, or involuntary termination of membership following the expiry of the stock redemption period. Capital stock subject to a stock redemption period is reclassified to mandatorily redeemable capital stock in the liability section of the statement of condition. Mandatorily redeemable capital stock totaled $190.9 million

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and $215.9 million at March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, respectively. For additional information on the redemption of our capital stock, see Item 1 — Business — Capital Resources — Redemption of Excess Stock and Item 1 — Business — Capital Resources — Mandatorily Redeemable Capital Stock in the 2012 Annual Report.

The following table sets forth the amount of mandatorily redeemable capital stock by year of expiry of redemption period at March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012 (dollars in thousands).
Expiry of Redemption Period
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Due in one year or less
 
$
73,312

 
$
80,259

Due after one year through two years
 

 

Due after two years through three years
 
116,745

 

Due after three years through four years
 

 
134,590

Due after four years through five years
 
832

 
1,014

Total
 
$
190,889

 
$
215,863


Our ability to expand in response to member-credit needs is based primarily on the capital-stock requirements for advances. Members without excess stock are required to increase their capital-stock investment as their outstanding advances increase, as described in Item 1 — Business — Capital Resources in the 2012 Annual Report. As discussed in that Item, we may repurchase excess stock in our sole discretion, although we note our continuing moratorium on repurchases of excess stock other than in limited, former member-related instances of insolvency. Although we completed a partial repurchase of excess stock on each of March 11, 2013, and March 9, 2012, there are no plans to conduct another excess stock repurchase in 2013. Further, on January 25, 2013, our board of directors adopted a resolution that it will not conduct excess stock repurchases other than in limited, former member-related instances of insolvency without obtaining the FHFA's nonobjection, which we do not expect to pursue again in 2013. We will consider whether and how to conduct other repurchases of excess stock as part of our business planning process for 2014.

At March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, excess stock totaled $1.9 billion and $2.1 billion, respectively, as set forth in the following table (dollars in thousands):

 
Membership Stock
Investment
Requirement
 
Activity-Based
Stock
Requirement
 
Total Stock
Investment
Requirement (1)
 
Outstanding Class B
Capital Stock (2)
 
Excess Class B
Capital Stock
March 31, 2013
$
643,311

 
$
866,923

 
$
1,510,309

 
$
3,393,100

 
$
1,882,791

December 31, 2012
639,941

 
898,557

 
1,538,519

 
3,671,027

 
2,132,508

_______________________
(1)
Total stock-investment requirement is rounded up to the nearest $100 on an individual member basis.
(2) 
Class B capital stock outstanding includes mandatorily redeemable capital stock.

Capital Rule

The FHFA's regulation on FHLBank capital classification and critical capital levels (the Capital Rule), among other things, establishes criteria for four capital classifications and corrective action requirements for FHLBanks that are classified in any classification other than adequately capitalized. The Capital Rule requires the Director of the FHFA to determine on no less than a quarterly basis the capital classification of each FHLBank. For additional information on the Capital Rule, see Item 7 — Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources — Capital — Capital Rule in the 2012 Annual Report.

By letter dated March 26, 2013, the Acting Director of the FHFA notified us that, based on December 31, 2012, financial information, we met the definition of adequately capitalized under the Capital Rule. The Acting Director of the FHFA has not yet notified us of our capital classification based on March 31, 2013, financial information.

Internal Capital Practices and Policies

We also take steps as we believe prudent beyond legal or regulatory requirements in an effort to protect our capital, reflected in our targeted capital ratio operating range, internal minimum capital requirement in excess of regulatory requirements, retained earnings target, and limitations on dividends.

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Targeted Capital Ratio Operating Range

We target an operating range of 4.0 percent to 7.5 percent for our capital ratio, a range adopted in conjunction with our capital preservation measures. Our capital ratio was 10.9 percent at March 31, 2013, a ratio in excess of the targeted operating range. This results principally from our limited repurchases of excess stock accompanied with a significant decline in advances balances since 2008, as discussed under — Executive Summary — Decline of Advances Balances.

Internal Minimum Capital Requirement in Excess of Regulatory Requirements

To provide further protection for our capital base, we maintain an internal minimum capital requirement whereby the amount of paid-in capital stock and retained earnings must exceed the sum of our regulatory capital requirement plus our retained earnings target. As of March 31, 2013, this internal minimum capital requirement equaled $2.3 billion, which was satisfied by our actual regulatory capital of $4.0 billion.

Retained Earnings Target

Our retained earnings target is $825.0 million, a target approved by the board of directors on February 21, 2013, in recognition of the continuing improvement in our financial condition. For information on how we select and adjust our retained earnings target, including our response to FHFA regulations, orders, or guidance, see Item 7 — Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Internal Capital Practices and Policies — Retained Earnings Target in the 2012 Annual Report.

At March 31, 2013, we had total retained earnings of $637.7 million, consisting of $562.7 million in unrestricted retained earnings and $75.0 million in restricted retained earnings. For information on our restricted retained earnings contribution requirement, see Item 1 — Notes to the Financial Statements — Note 14 — Capital. Amounts in our restricted retained earnings account are not available to pay dividends. However, they may be applied to satisfy our internal retained earnings target, which is determined independently of the restricted retained earnings requirement defined under the Joint Capital Agreement.

Dividend Limitations

There are various limitations on our ability to declare dividends, as discussed under Item 5 — Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities in the 2012 Annual Report.

Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements and Aggregate Contractual Obligations
 
Our significant off-balance-sheet arrangements consist of the following:
 
commitments that obligate us for additional advances;
 •
standby letters of credit;
 •
commitments for unused lines-of-credit advances;
 •
standby bond-purchase agreements with state housing authorities; and
 •
unsettled COs.

Off-balance-sheet arrangements are more fully discussed in Item 8 — Financial Statements and Supplementary Data — Notes to the Financial Statements — Note 20 — Commitments and Contingencies.

The FHLBanks must annually set aside for the AHP the greater of an aggregate of $100 million or 10 percent of the current year's income before charges for AHP and interest expense on mandatorily redeemable capital stock. Based on our net income of $53.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2013, our AHP assessment was $5.9 million. See Item 1 — Business — Assessments in the 2012 Annual Report for additional information regarding the AHP and REFCorp assessments.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
 
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make a number of judgments, estimates, and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and

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liabilities (if applicable), and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reported periods. Although management believes these judgments, estimates, and assumptions to be reasonably accurate, actual results may differ.
 
We have identified five accounting estimates that we believe are critical because they require us to make subjective or complex judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain, and because of the likelihood that materially different amounts would be reported under different conditions or using different assumptions. These estimates include accounting for derivatives, the use of fair-value estimates, accounting for deferred premiums and discounts on prepayable assets, the allowance for loan losses, and other-than-temporary-impairment of investment securities. The Audit Committee of our board of directors has reviewed these estimates. The assumptions involved in applying these policies are discussed in Item 7 — Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Critical Accounting Estimates in the 2012 Annual Report.

As of March 31, 2013, we have not made any significant changes to the estimates and assumptions used in applying our critical accounting policies and estimates from those used to prepare our audited financial statements. Described below are the results of the sensitivity analysis for private-label MBS.
 
Other-Than-Temporary Impairment of Investment Securities
 
See Item 1 — Notes to the Financial Statements — Note 6 — Other-Than-Temporary Impairment for additional information related to management's other-than-temporary impairment analysis for the current period.

In addition to evaluating our residential private-label MBS under a base-case (or best estimate) scenario as discussed in Item 1 — Notes to the Financial Statements — Note 6 — Other-Than-Temporary Impairment, a cash-flow analysis was also performed for each of these securities under a more stressful housing price index (HPI) scenario that was determined by the OTTI Governance Committee. This more stressful scenario was based on a housing price forecast that was decreased five percentage points followed by a recovery path that is 33.0 percent lower than the base case.

The following table represents the impact on credit-related other-than-temporary impairment using the more stressful scenario of the HPI, described above, compared with actual credit-related other-than-temporary impairment recorded using our base-case HPI assumptions as of March 31, 2013 (dollars in thousands):
 
 
 
Credit Losses as Reported
 
Sensitivity Analysis - Adverse HPI Scenario
For the quarter ending March 31, 2013
 
Number of
Securities
 
Par Value
 
Other-Than-Temporary Impairment Credit Loss
 
Number of
Securities
 
Par Value
 
Other-Than-Temporary Impairment Credit Loss
Prime
 
1

 
$
1,303

 
$
(8
)
 
2

 
$
8,045

 
$
(189
)
Alt-A
 
7

 
59,612

 
(413
)
 
35

 
569,459

 
(13,216
)
Subprime
 

 

 

 
3

 
2,368

 
(29
)
Total private-label MBS
 
8

 
$
60,915

 
$
(421
)
 
40

 
$
579,872

 
$
(13,434
)
 
RECENT ACCOUNTING DEVELOPMENTS
 
See Item 1 — Notes to the Financial Statements — Note 2 — Recently Issued Accounting Standards and Interpretations for a discussion of recent accounting developments impacting or that could impact us.

RISK MANAGEMENT

Operational Risk

We are subject to operational risk, as discussed under Item 7 — Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Risk Management — Operational Risk in the 2012 Annual Report. Natural disasters, acts of terrorism or other catastrophic events could result in our inability to conduct important operations resulting in business disruption. Such a disruption could adversely impact our reputation, relationships with our members, and results of operations. Accordingly, we take various steps intended to minimize the risks of business disruption. Among other steps, we maintain a business-continuity / disaster-recovery site in Massachusetts to provide continuity of operations in the event that our headquarters in Boston, Massachusetts becomes unavailable and also have a reciprocal back-up agreement with the FHLBank of Topeka to provide short-term advances to our members, as discussed under Item 7 — Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Risk Management — Operational Risk in the 2012 Annual

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Report. As an example, we conducted our critical operations from our business-continuity / disaster-recovery site in April 2013, for two days. Although we were able to continue our business operations at our disaster-recovery site without any important disruptions from these acts of terrorism, there can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain our business operations without material disruptions in the event of any natural disaster, act of terrorism, or other catastrophic events.

LEGISLATIVE AND REGULATORY DEVELOPMENTS

The legislative and regulatory environment in which we operate has changed significantly over the past few years, starting with the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008, as amended, and continuing with financial regulators' issuance of proposed and/or final rules to implement the Dodd-Frank Act and deliberations by the U.S. Congress regarding housing finance and GSE reform. Our business operations, funding costs, rights or obligations, and the business environment in which we carry out our housing finance mission, are likely to be impacted by these developments. However, the full effect of the Dodd-Frank Act will become known only after the required regulations, studies and reports are issued and finalized.

Financial Stability Oversight Council (the Oversight Council) Regulatory Developments

Final Rule and Guidance on the Supervision and Regulation of Certain Nonbank Financial Companies. The Oversight Council issued a final rule and guidance effective May 11, 2012 on the standards and procedures the Oversight Council employs in determining whether to designate a "nonbank financial company" for supervision by the Federal Reserve Board and to be subject to certain prudential standards. The guidance issued with this final rule provides that the Oversight Council expects generally to follow a three-stage process in making its determinations consisting of:
a first stage that will identify those nonbank financial companies that have $50.0 billion or more of total consolidated assets (as of March 31, 2013, we had $36.9 billion in total assets) and exceed any one of five threshold indicators of interconnectedness or susceptibility to material financial distress, including whether a company has $20.0 billion or more in total debt outstanding (as of March 31, 2013, we had $31.7 billion in total outstanding COs, our principal form of outstanding debt);
a second stage involving a robust analysis of the potential threat that the subject nonbank financial company could pose to U.S. financial stability based on additional quantitative and qualitative factors that are both industry and company specific; and
a third stage analyzing the subject nonbank financial company using information collected directly from it.

The final rule provides that, in making its determinations, the Oversight Council will consider as one factor whether the nonbank financial company is subject to oversight by a primary financial regulatory agency (for us, the FHFA). A nonbank financial company that the Oversight Council proposes to designate for additional supervision (for example, periodic stress testing) and prudential standards (such as heightened liquidity or capital requirements) under this rule has the opportunity to contest the designation. If we are designated by the Oversight Council for supervision by the Federal Reserve and subject to additional Federal Reserve prudential standards, then our operations and business could be adversely impacted by any resulting additional costs, liquidity or capital requirements, and/or restrictions on business activities.

On April 5, 2013, the Federal Reserve published a final rule that establishes the requirements for determining when a company is “predominately engaged in financial activities." The final rule provides that a company is “predominantly engaged
in financial activities” and thus a “nonbank financial company” if:
the consolidated annual gross financial revenues of the company in either of its two most recently completed fiscal years represent 85 percent or more of the company's consolidated annual gross revenues in that fiscal year;
the company's consolidated total financial assets as of the end of either of its two most recently completed fiscal years represent 85 percent or more of the company's consolidated total assets as of the end that fiscal year; or
it is determined by the Oversight Council, with respect to the definition of a “nonbank financial company,” or the Federal Reserve Board, with respect to the definition of a “significant nonbank financial company,” based on all the facts and circumstances, that (i) the consolidated annual gross financial revenues of the company represent 85 percent or more of the company's consolidated annual gross revenues; or (ii) the consolidated total financial assets of the company represent 85 percent or more of the company's consolidated total assets.

Under the final rule, we would likely be a nonbank financial company.

The final rule also defines the terms "significant nonbank financial company" to mean (i) any nonbank financial company supervised by the Federal Reserve; and (ii) any other nonbank financial company that had $50 billion or more in total consolidated assets as of the end of its most recently completed fiscal year; and "significant bank holding company" as ''any

91


bank holding company or company that is, or is treated in the United States as, a bank holding company, that had $50.0 billion or more in total consolidated assets as of the end of the most recently completed calendar year.''

If we are designated for supervision by the Federal Reserve (and therefore a significant nonbank financial company), we would be subject to increased supervision and oversight as described above, and our operations and business could be adversely impacted by any resulting additional costs, liquidity or capital requirements, and/or restrictions on business activities.

Oversight Council Recommendations Regarding Money Market Mutual Fund (MMF) Reform. The Oversight Council requested comments on certain proposed recommendations for structural reforms of MMFs with a comment deadline of February 15, 2013. The Oversight Council stated that such reforms are intended to address the structural vulnerabilities of MMFs. The SEC has also indicated an interest in the possible reform of these funds. The proposed reforms could reduce investor interest in money market funds, which, in turn, are a significant investor in short-term CO bonds and discount notes. Accordingly, these reforms could cause our funding costs to rise or otherwise adversely impact market access and, in turn, adversely impact our results of operations.

FHFA Regulatory Actions

Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on Stress-Testing Requirements. On October 5, 2012, the FHFA issued a notice of proposed rulemaking with a comment deadline of December 4, 2012 that would implement a provision in the Dodd-Frank Act that requires all financial companies with total consolidated assets over $10.0 billion to conduct annual stress tests, which will be used to evaluate an institution's capital adequacy under various economic conditions and financial conditions. The FHFA proposes to issue annual guidance to describe the baseline, adverse and severely adverse scenarios and methodologies that the FHLBanks must follow in conducting their stress tests, which, as required by the Dodd-Frank Act, would be generally consistent and comparable to those established by the Federal Reserve. An FHLBank would be required to provide an annual report on the results of the stress tests to the FHFA and the Federal Reserve and to then publicly disclose a summary of that report within 90 days.

Additional Developments

Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (the CFPB) Final Qualified Mortgage (QM) Rule. In January 2013, the CFPB issued a final rule with an effective date of January 10, 2014, that establishes new standards for mortgage lenders to follow during the loan approval process to determine whether a borrower can afford to repay certain types of loans, including mortgages and other loans secured by a dwelling. The final rule provides for a rebuttable safe harbor from consumer claims that a lender did not adequately consider whether a consumer can afford to repay the lender's mortgage, provided that the mortgage meets the requirements of a QM. QMs are home loans that are either eligible for purchase by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac or otherwise satisfy certain underwriting standards. On May 6, 2013, the FHFA announced that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac will no longer purchase a loan that is not a "QM" under those underwriting standards starting January 10, 2014. The standards require lenders to consider, among other factors, the borrower's current income, current employment status, credit history, monthly payment for mortgage, monthly payment for other loan obligations and the borrower's total debt-to-income ratio. Further, the QM underwriting standards generally prohibit loans with excessive points and fees, interest-only or negative-amortization features (subject to limited exceptions), or terms greater than 30 years. On the same date as it issued the final ability to repay/final QM standards, the CFPB also issued a proposal that would allow small creditors (generally those with assets under $2.0 billion) in rural or underserved areas to treat first lien balloon mortgage loans that they offer as QM mortgages. The QM liability safe harbor could provide incentives to lenders, including our members, to limit their mortgage lending to QMs or otherwise reduce their origination of mortgage loans that are not QMs. This approach could reduce the overall level of members' mortgage loan lending and, in turn, reduce demand for advances. Additionally, the value and marketability of mortgage loans that are not QMs, including those pledged as collateral to secure member advances, may be adversely impacted.

Basel Committee on Banking Supervision - Liquidity Framework. On January 6, 2013, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (the Basel Committee) announced amendments to the Basel liquidity standards, including the Liquidity Coverage Ratio (the LCR). The amendments include the following: (1) revisions to the definition of high quality liquid assets (HQLA) and net cash outflows; (2) a timetable for phase-in of the standard; (3) a reaffirmation of the usability of the stock of liquid assets in periods of stress, including during the transition period; and (4) an agreement for the Basel Committee to conduct further work on the interaction between the LCR and the provision of central bank facilities. Under the amendment, the LCR buffer would be set at 60 percent of outflows over a 30-day period when the rule becomes effective in 2015, and then increase steadily until reaching 100 percent four years later. The definition of HQLA has been amended to expand the eligible assets, including residential mortgage assets. In late February 2013, it was reported that the U.S. banking regulators expect to customize the liquidity rules and expect to issue their final rules later in 2013.


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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Sources and Types of Market and Interest-Rate Risk

Our balance sheet is comprised of different portfolios that require different types of market- and interest-rate-risk management strategies. Sources and types of market and interest-rate risk are described in Item 7A — Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks — Sources and Types of Market and Interest-Rate Risk in the 2012 Annual Report.

Strategies to Manage Market and Interest-Rate Risk

We use various strategies and techniques to manage our market and interest-rate risk including the following and combinations of the following:

the issuance of COs used to match interest-rate-risk exposures of our assets;
the use of derivatives and/or COs with embedded options to hedge the interest-rate-risk of our debt (at March 31, 2013, fixed-rate noncallable debt, not hedged by interest-rate swaps, amounted to $13.1 billion, compared with $13.5 billion at December 31, 2012, and fixed-rate callable debt not hedged by interest-rate swaps amounted to $958.0 million and $858.0 million at March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, respectively);
the issuance of CO bonds in conjunction with interest-rate swaps that receive a coupon that offsets the bond coupon and that offsets any optionality embedded in the bond, thereby effectively creating a floating-rate liability (total CO bonds used in conjunction with interest-rate-exchange agreements was $8.8 billion, or 34.7 percent of our total outstanding CO bonds at March 31, 2013, compared with $8.9 billion, or 34.4 percent of total outstanding CO bonds, at December 31, 2012);
contractual provisions for advances with original fixed maturities of greater than six months that require borrowers to pay us prepayment fees, which make us financially indifferent if the borrower prepays such advances prior to maturity. These provisions protect against a loss of income under certain interest-rate environments;
the use of the duration extension portfolio (which totaled $1.8 billion at March 31, 2013, as compared with $2.1 billion at December 31, 2012), to hedge our net interest income against the impact of low interest rates, which is discussed in Item 7A — Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks — Certain Market and Interest-Rate Risk Metrics under Potential Interest-Rate Scenarios in the 2012 Annual Report. We began investing under this strategy in July 2009 and discontinued further investments to this portfolio after March 2011. As a result, the balance of this portfolio is declining as assets mature, and the last assets will mature in May 2014; and
the use of callable debt for a portion of our investments in mortgage loans to manage the interest-rate and prepayment risks from these investments.

Each of the foregoing strategies and techniques is more fully discussed under Item 7A —Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks — Strategies to Manage Market and Interest Rate Risk in the 2012 Annual Report.

Measurement of Market and Interest-Rate Risk

We measure our exposure to market and interest-rate risk using several techniques applied to the balance sheet and to certain portfolios within the balance sheet. Principal among these measurements as applied to the balance sheet is the potential future change in market value of equity (MVE) and interest income due to potential changes in interest rates, interest-rate volatility, spreads, and market prices. MVE is the net economic value of total assets and liabilities, including any off-balance-sheet items. In contrast to the GAAP-based shareholder's equity account, MVE represents the shareholder's equity account in present-value terms. Specifically, MVE equals the difference between the theoretical market value of assets and the theoretical market value of liabilities.

MVE, and in particular, the ratio of MVE to the book value of equity (BVE), is a theoretical measure of the current value of shareholder investment based on market rates, spreads, prices, and volatility at the reporting date. BVE is equal to our permanent capital, which consists of the par value of capital stock including mandatorily redeemable capital stock, plus retained earnings. BVE excludes accumulated other comprehensive loss.

We caution that care must be taken to properly interpret the results of the MVE analysis as the theoretical basis for these valuations may not be fully representative of future realized prices. Further, valuations are based on market curves and prices respective of individual assets, liabilities, and derivatives, and therefore are not representative of future net income to be earned by us through the spread between asset market curves and the market curves for funding costs. MVE should not be considered

93


indicative of our market value as a going concern, because it does not consider future new business activities, risk-management strategies, or the net profitability of assets after funding costs are subtracted. 

We measure our exposure to market and interest-rate risk using several metrics, including:

the ratio of MVE to BVE;
the ratio of MVE to the par value of our Class B Stock (Par Stock), which we refer to as the MVE to Par Stock ratio;
the ratio of adjusted MVE to Par Stock, which metric removes the impact of market illiquidity on MVE;
the ratio of MVE to the market value of assets, which we refer to as the economic capital ratio;
value at risk (VaR), which measures the change in our MVE to a 99th percent confidence interval, based on a set of stress scenarios using historical interest-rate and volatility movements that have been observed over six-month intervals starting at the most recent month-end and going back monthly to 1978, consistent with FHFA regulations;
duration of equity, which measures percentage change to market value for a 100 basis point shift in rates;
the duration gap of our assets and liabilities, which is the difference between the estimated durations (percentage change in market value for a 100 basis point shift in rates) of assets and liabilities (including the effect of related hedges) and reflects the extent to which estimated sensitivities to market changes, including, but not limited to, maturity and repricing cash flows for assets and liabilities are matched;
targeted metrics for the duration extension portfolio and our investments in mortgage loans; and
the use of an income-simulation model that projects net interest income over a range of potential interest-rate scenarios, including parallel interest-rate shocks, nonparallel interest-rate shocks, and nonlinear changes to our funding curve and LIBOR.

We maintain limits and management action triggers in connection with each of the foregoing metrics. Those limits, management action triggers, and the foregoing market and interest-rate risk metrics are more fully discussed under Item 7A — Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks — Measurement of Market and Interest-Rate Risk in the 2012 Annual Report.

The following table sets forth each of the foregoing metrics together with any targets, associated limits and management actions triggers at March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012.


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Interest/Market-Rate Risk Metric
 
At March 31, 2013
 
At December 31, 2012
 
Target, Limit or Management Action Trigger at March 31, 2013
MVE
 
$3.8 billion
 
$3.9 billion
 
None
MVE/BVE
 
94.2%
 
92.7%
 
None
MVE/Par Stock
 
111.9%
 
107.6%
 
100% or higher (target)
Adjusted MVE/Par Stock
 
110.9%
 
109.9%
 
Maintain above 100% (limit)
Economic Capital Ratio
 
10.0%
 
9.6%
 
Maintain above 4.5% (management action trigger) and 4.0% (limit)
VaR
 
$89.8 million
 
$80.0 million
 
Maintain below $275.0 million (limit)
Duration of Equity
 
+0.2 years
 
+0.3 years
 
Maintain below +/- 4.0 years (limit)
Duration Gap
 
+0.3 months
 
+0.4 months
 
None
Duration Extension Portfolio VaR Limit (1)
 
$812,000
 
$1.4 million
 
Maintain below $125.0 million (limit)
Duration Extension Portfolio Interest Rate Shock
 
Market yields on GSE debt would have to rise by 324 basis points for the limit to be breached
 
Market yields on GSE debt would have to rise by 283 basis points for the limit to be breached
 
Maintain above 25 basis points (limit)
MPF Portfolio VaR Limit
 
$36.4 million
 
$27.0 million
 
Maintain below $68.8 million (management action trigger)
Income Simulation based on an instantaneous rise in interest rates of 300 basis points
 
Return on equity is 50 basis points above the average yield on three-month LIBOR
 
Return on equity is 47 basis points above the average yield on three-month LIBOR
 
Maintain projected return on equity above three-month LIBOR over the following 12 month horizon (management action trigger)
_______________________
(1)
This metric is calculated net of any unrealized gain or loss.

The following chart displays our MVE to BVE and MVE to Par Stock ratios at prior period ends.

VAR at Different Confidence Levels

The table below presents the historical simulation VaR estimate as of March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, which represents the estimates of potential reduction to our MVE from potential future changes in interest rates and other market

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factors. Estimated potential market value loss exposures are expressed as a percentage of the current MVE and are based on historical behavior of interest rates and other market factors over a 120-business-day time horizon.
 
 
 
Value-at-Risk
(Gain) Loss Exposure
 
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Confidence Level
 
% of
MVE (1)
 
$ million
 
% of
MVE (1)
 
$ million
50%
 
(0.17
)%
 
$
(6.3
)
 
(0.16
)%
 
$
(6.2
)
75%
 
0.57

 
21.6

 
0.53

 
21.0

95%
 
1.51

 
57.3

 
1.42

 
56.1

99%
 
2.37

 
89.8

 
2.03

 
80.0

_______________________
(1)          Loss exposure is expressed as a percentage of base MVE.

Certain Market and Interest-Rate Risk Metrics under Potential Interest-Rate Scenarios

The sensitivities of market value of equity and the duration of equity to potential interest-rate scenarios are also metrics we monitor. The following table presents certain market and interest-rate risk metrics under different interest-rate scenarios.

 
 
March 31, 2013
 
 
Down(1) 300
 
Down(1) 200
 
Down(1) 100
 
Base
 
Up 100
 
Up 200
 
Up 300
MVE/BVE
 
96.2%
 
95.9%
 
95.7%
 
94.2%
 
93.7%
 
91.6%
 
88.4%
MVE/Par Stock
 
114.2%
 
113.9%
 
113.7%
 
111.9%
 
111.4%
 
108.9%
 
105.0%
Duration of Equity
 
+0.8 years
 
+0.3 years
 
+1.8 years
 
+0.2 years
 
+1.4 years
 
+2.9 years
 
+4.0 years
Return on Equity less LIBOR
 
2.6%
 
2.7%
 
2.8%
 
2.5%
 
1.9%
 
1.2%
 
0.5%
Net Income percent change from base
 
(16.7)%
 
(15.6)%
 
(8.3)%
 
—%
 
12.9%
 
24.6%
 
33.3%
____________________________
(1) Given the current environment of low interest rates, downward rate shocks are floored as they approach zero, and therefore may not be fully representative of the indicated rate shock.

 
 
December 31, 2012
 
 
Down(1) 300
 
Down(1) 200
 
Down(1) 100
 
Base
 
Up 100
 
Up 200
 
Up 300
MVE/BVE
 
95.2%
 
94.5%
 
94.3%
 
92.7%
 
92.3%
 
90.2%
 
86.8%
MVE/Par Stock
 
110.5%
 
109.6%
 
109.4%
 
107.6%
 
107.1%
 
104.6%
 
100.7%
Duration of Equity
 
+1.0 years
 
+0.5 years
 
+1.6 years
 
+0.3 years
 
+1.5 years
 
+3.1 years
 
+4.3 years
Return on Equity less LIBOR
 
3.2%
 
3.2%
 
3.3%
 
2.7%
 
2.0%
 
1.3%
 
0.5%
Net Income percent change from base
 
(9.3)%
 
(9.1)%
 
(3.8)%
 
—%
 
7.8%
 
16.6%
 
21.7%
____________________________
(1) Given the current environment of low interest rates, downward rate shocks are floored as they approach zero, and therefore may not be fully representative of the indicated rate shock.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our senior management is responsible for establishing and maintaining a system of disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and

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forms of the SEC. Our disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, we recognize that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and our management necessarily is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of controls and procedures.

We have evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, with the participation of the president and chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, our president and chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level as of the end of the fiscal quarter covered by this report.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

During the quarter ended March 31, 2013, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Information regarding reportable legal proceedings is described in Item 3 — Legal Proceedings in the 2012 Annual Report.

From time to time, we are subject to various pending legal proceedings arising in the normal course of business. After consultation with legal counsel, we do not anticipate that the ultimate liability, if any, arising out of these matters will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.

ITEM 1A.    RISK FACTORS

In addition to the risk factors below and other risks described herein, readers should carefully consider the risk factors set forth in the 2012 Annual Report that could materially impact our business, financial condition, or future results. The risks described below, elsewhere in this report, and in the 2012 Annual Report are not the only risks facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also materially impact us.

CREDIT RISKS

We are subject to credit-risk exposures related to the loans that back our investments. Increased delinquency rates and credit losses beyond those currently expected could adversely impact the yield on or value of those investments.

We invested in private-label MBS until the third quarter of 2007. These investments are backed by prime, subprime, and/or Alt-A hybrid and pay-option adjustable-rate mortgage loans. Although we only invested in senior tranches with the highest long-term debt rating when purchasing private-label MBS, many of these securities are projected to sustain credit losses under current assumptions, and have been downgraded by various NRSROs. See Part I — Item 2 — Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Financial Condition — Investments for a description of our portfolio of investments in these securities.

As described under Item 7 — Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Critical Accounting Estimates in the 2012 Annual Report, other-than-temporary-impairment assessment is a subjective and complex determination by management.

High rates of delinquency and increasing loss-severity trends experienced on some of the loans underlying the MBS in our portfolio, as well as challenging macroeconomic factors, such as continuing high unemployment levels and the number of troubled residential mortgage loans, have caused us to use relatively stressful assumptions for other-than-temporary-impairment assessments of private-label MBS. These assumptions resulted in projected future credit losses, thereby causing other-than-temporary impairment losses from certain of these securities. We incurred credit losses of $421,000 for private-label MBS that we determined were other-than-temporarily impaired for the three months ended March 31, 2013. If macroeconomic trends or collateral credit performance within our private-label MBS portfolio deteriorate further than currently anticipated, or if

97


foreclosures or similar activity are delayed or impeded, even more stressful assumptions, including, but not limited to, lower house prices, higher loan-default rates, and higher loan-loss severities may be used by us in future other-than-temporary impairment assessments. As a possible outcome, we may recognize additional other-than-temporary impairment charges, which could be substantial. For example, as of March 31, 2013, a cash-flow analysis was also performed for each of these securities under a more stressful housing price scenario. The more stressful scenario was based on a housing-price forecast that was five percentage points lower than the base-case scenario followed by a flatter recovery path. Under this more stressful scenario, we are projected to realize an additional $13.0 million in credit losses.

We have also invested in securities issued by HFAs with an amortized cost of $188.5 million as of March 31, 2013. Generally, these securities' cash flows are based on the performance of the underlying loans, although these securities do include credit enhancements as well. Although our policies require that HFA securities must carry a credit rating of double-A (or equivalent) or higher as of the date of purchase, some have since been downgraded and, when applicable, some of the related bond insurers have been downgraded. Further, the fair values of some of our HFA securities have also fallen. Gross unrealized losses on these securities totaled $19.8 million at March 31, 2013. Although we have determined that none of these securities is other-than-temporarily impaired at March 31, 2013, should the underlying loans underperform our projections, we could realize credit losses from these securities.

OPERATIONAL RISKS

Natural disasters, acts of terrorism or other catastrophic events could adversely impact our reputation, relationships with our members, and results of operations.

Natural disasters, acts of terrorism or other catastrophic events could result in our inability to conduct important operations resulting in business disruption. Such a disruption could adversely impact our reputation, relationships with our members, and results of operations. Although, we take various steps intended to minimize the risk of business disruption, as discussed under Item 2 — Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Risk Management — Operational Risk, there can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain our business operations without material disruptions in the event of any natural disaster, act of terrorism, or other catastrophic events.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Not applicable.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5.    OTHER INFORMATION

None.

ITEM 6.  EXHIBITS


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Number
Exhibit Description
10.1
 
2013 Executive Incentive Plan* (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to our Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 29, 2013)
31.1
 
Certification of the president and chief executive officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2
 
Certification of the chief financial officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1
 
Certification of the president and chief executive officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2
 
Certification of the chief financial officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS
 
XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
*    Management contract or compensatory plan.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
Date
 
FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK OF BOSTON (Registrant)
May 13, 2013
 
By:
/s/
Edward A. Hjerpe III
 
 
 
 
 
Edward A. Hjerpe III
President and Chief Executive Officer
May 13, 2013
 
By:
/s/
Frank Nitkiewicz
 
 
 
 
 
Frank Nitkiewicz
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer



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