Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policy)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2013

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of PharmAthene, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("U.S. GAAP"). In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, which are necessary to present fairly our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. The unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2012 has been derived from audited consolidated financial statements at that date. The interim results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the results that may occur for the full fiscal year. Certain information and footnote disclosure normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to instructions, rules and regulations prescribed by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. We believe that the disclosures provided herein are adequate to make the information presented not misleading when these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We currently operate in one business segment.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include significant estimates for the value and the expected economic life of our intangible assets, the amount of our net operating losses available for income tax purposes, our share-based compensation, the value of our derivative financial instruments, among other things. Because of the use of estimates inherent in the financial reporting process, actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.

Foreign Currency Translation

Foreign Currency Translation

The functional currency of our wholly owned foreign subsidiaries is their local currency. Assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries are translated into United States dollars based on exchange rates at the end of the reporting period; income and expense items are translated at the weighted average exchange rates prevailing during the reporting period. Translation adjustments for subsidiaries that have not been sold, substantially liquidated or otherwise disposed of are accumulated in other comprehensive income (loss), a component of stockholders' equity. Transaction gains or losses are included in the determination of net loss.

Comprehensive Loss and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive Loss and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive loss includes the total of our net loss and all other changes in equity other than transactions with owners, which currently only includes changes in equity for cumulative translation adjustments resulting from the consolidation of foreign subsidiaries as the financial statements of the subsidiaries located outside of the United States are accounted for using the local currency as the functional currency.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents are stated at market value. We consider all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Revolving Line of Credit and Term Loan

Revolving Line of Credit and Term Loan

As discussed further in Note 6, we entered into a loan agreement with General Electric Capital Corporation ("GE Capital") in March 2012. As part of that agreement, we issued stock purchase warrants to GE Capital that expire in March 2022 (see Note 5). The fair value of the warrants was charged to additional paid-in-capital, resulting in a debt discount to the term loan at the date of issuance. The debt discount and the financing costs incurred in connection with the agreement are being amortized over the term of the loan using the effective interest method. The amortization of both the debt discount and deferred financing costs are included in interest expense in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Significant Customers and Accounts Receivable

Significant Customers and Accounts Receivable

Our primary customers are the U.S. Department of Defense (the "DoD") - Chemical Biological Medical Systems ("CBMS"), and the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority ("BARDA"). As of June 30, 2013 and December 31 2012, the Company's billed and unbilled receivable balances were comprised solely of receivables from CBMS and BARDA.

Goodwill

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price over the fair value of net identifiable assets associated with acquisitions. We review the recoverability of goodwill annually as of December 31^st by comparing our market value (as measured by our stock price multiplied by the number of outstanding shares as of the end of the year) to the net book value of our equity. If our market value exceeds our net book value, no further analysis is required. Changes in our business strategy or adverse changes in market conditions could impact the impairment analyses and require the recognition of an impairment charge equal to the excess of the carrying value over its estimated fair value. We completed our last annual impairment assessment of goodwill as of December 31, 2012 and determined that there was no impairment as of that date.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

We generate our revenue from different types of contractual arrangements: cost-plus-fee contracts, cost reimbursable grants and fixed price contracts.

Revenues on cost-plus-fee contracts are recognized in an amount equal to the costs incurred during the period plus an estimate of the applicable fee earned. The estimate of the applicable fee earned is determined by reference to the contract: if the contract defines the fee in terms of risk-based milestones and specifies the fees to be earned upon the completion of each milestone, then the fee is recognized when the related milestones are earned, as further described below; otherwise, we estimate the fee earned in a given period by using a proportional performance method based on costs incurred during the period as compared to total estimated project costs and application of the resulting fraction to the total project fee specified in the contract.

Under the milestone method of revenue recognition, substantive milestone payments (including milestone payments for fees) contained in research and development arrangements are recognized as revenue when: (i) the milestones are achieved; (ii) no further performance obligations with respect to the milestone exist; (iii) collection is reasonably assured; and (iv) substantive effort was necessary to achieve the milestone.

Milestones are considered substantive if all of the following conditions are met:

it is commensurate with either our performance to meet the milestone or the enhancement of the value of the delivered item or items as a result of a specific outcome resulting from our performance to achieve the milestone,

it relates solely to past performance,

the value of the milestone is reasonable relative to all the deliverables and payment terms (including other potential milestone consideration) within the arrangement.

If a milestone is deemed not to be substantive, the Company recognizes the portion of the milestone payment as revenue that correlates to work already performed; the remaining portion of the milestone payment is deferred and recognized as revenue as the Company completes its performance obligations.

Revenue on fixed price contracts (without substantive milestones as described above) is recognized on the percentage-of-completion method. The percentage-of-completion method recognizes income as the contract progresses (generally related to the costs incurred in providing the services required under the contract). The use of the percentage-of-completion method depends on the ability to make reasonable dependable estimates and the fact that circumstances may necessitate frequent revision of estimates does not indicate that the estimates are unreliable for the purpose for which they are used.

As a result of our revenue recognition policies and the billing provisions contained in our contracts, the timing of customer billings may differ from the timing of recognizing revenue. Amounts invoiced to customers in excess of revenue recognized are reflected on the balance sheet as deferred revenue. Amounts recognized as revenue in excess of amounts billed to customers are reflected on the balance sheet as unbilled accounts receivable.

We analyze each cost reimbursable grant to determine whether we should report such reimbursements as revenue or as an offset to our expenses incurred. For the three months ended June 30, 2012, we recorded approximately $0.4 million of costs reimbursed by the government as an offset to research and development expenses (no such reimbursements were recorded for the three months ended June 30, 2013). For the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, we recorded approximately $0.02 million and $1.0 million, respectively, of costs reimbursed by the government as an offset to research and development expenses.

Share-Based Compensation

Share-Based Compensation

We expense the estimated fair value of share-based awards granted to employees under our stock compensation plans. The fair value of stock options is determined at the grant date using an option pricing model. We have estimated the fair value of each stock option award using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Black-Scholes model considers, among other factors, the expected life of the award and the expected volatility of our stock price. The value of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense on a straight line basis over the employee's requisite service period.

The fair value of restricted stock grants is determined based on the closing price of our common stock on the award date and is recognized as expense ratably over the requisite service period.

Employee share-based compensation expense recognized in the three months and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 was calculated based on awards ultimately expected to vest and has been reduced for estimated forfeitures at a rate of approximately 12%, based on historical forfeitures.

Share-based compensation expense for the three months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 was:

	Three months ended June 30,
	2013		2012

Research and development	$	73,859	$	127,076
General and administrative		250,149		384,965
Total share-based compensation expense	$	324,008	$	512,041

During the three months ended June 30, 2013, we granted 145,000 options to employees and nonemployee directors and made no restricted stock grants. During the three months ended June 30, 2012, we granted 185,000 options to employees and nonemployee directors and made no restricted stock grants.

Share-based compensation expense for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 was:

	Six months ended June 30,
	2013		2012

Research and development	$	162,493	$	244,143
General and administrative		490,096		816,562
Total share-based compensation expense	$	652,589	$	1,060,705

During the six months ended June 30, 2013, we granted 205,000 options to employees, nonemployee directors and consultants and made no restricted stock grants. During the six months ended June 30, 2012, we granted 200,948 options to employees and nonemployee directors and made no restricted stock grants.

At June 30, 2013, we had total unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to unvested awards of approximately $1.8 million, net of estimated forfeitures, which we expect to recognize as expense over a weighted-average period of 2.13 years.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

We account for income taxes using the asset and liability approach, which requires the recognition of future tax benefits or liabilities on the temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of our assets and liabilities. A valuation allowance is established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized. We also recognize a tax benefit from uncertain tax positions only if it is "more likely than not" that the position is sustainable based on its technical merits. Our policy is to recognize interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense.

Our provision for income taxes was $11,206 and $16,133 during the three months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The provision for income taxes was $20,949 and $166,538 during the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The provision for income taxes is a result of the difference between the treatment of goodwill for income tax purposes and for U.S. GAAP, resulting in a deferred tax liability which cannot be used to offset deferred tax assets. This deferred tax liability is included in our condensed consolidated balance sheet in other long-term liabilities.

Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share

Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share

Income (loss) per share: Basic income (loss) per share is computed by dividing consolidated net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, excluding unvested restricted stock.

For periods of net income when the effects are not anti-dilutive, diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing our net income by the weighted average number of shares outstanding and the impact of all potential dilutive common shares, consisting primarily of stock options, unvested restricted stock and stock purchase warrants. The dilutive impact of our dilutive potential common shares resulting from stock options and stock purchase warrants is determined by applying the treasury stock method.

For the periods of net loss, diluted loss per share is calculated similarly to basic loss per share because the impact of all dilutive potential common shares is anti-dilutive due to the net losses. A total of approximately11.7 million and 11.6 million potential dilutive securities have been excluded in the calculation of diluted net loss per share in the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, because their inclusion would be anti-dilutive.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

We have evaluated all issued and unadopted Accounting Standards Updates and believe the adoption of these will not have a material impact on our results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.