Exhibit 23.1

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

We consent to the reference to our firm under the caption “Experts” in the Registration Statement (Form S-3) and the related Prospectus of AVEO Pharmaceuticals, Inc. for the registration of its common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants and units and to the incorporation by reference therein of our reports dated March 16, 2020, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of AVEO Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of AVEO Pharmaceuticals, Inc., included in its Annual Report (Form 10-K) for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Boston, Massachusetts

November 9, 2020