EX-99.1 2 exhibit99-1.htm TECHNICAL REPORT DATED MARCH 14, 2011 Exhibit 99.1

Exhibit 99.1


TECHNICAL REPORT
ON THE
TAYOLTITA, SANTA RITA AND SAN ANTONIO MINES,
DURANGO, MEXICO
FOR
SILVER WHEATON CORP.

 
San Dimas District

Velasquez Spring, P.Eng.
Senior Geologist

and

Gordon Watts, P.Eng.
Senior Associate Mineral Economist

March 14, 2011
Toronto, Canada 




TABLE OF CONTENTS

    Page 
 
1. SUMMARY  1 
 
2. INTRODUCTION AND TERMS OF REFERENCE  13 
2.1  GENERAL  13 
2.2  TERMS OF REFERENCE  14 
2.3  UNITS AND CURRENCY  17 
2.4  DEFINITIONS  18 
2.5  PRIMERO APPROACH TO MINERAL RESERVE ESTIMATION  19 
 
3. RELIANCE ON OTHER EXPERTS  21 
 
4. PROPERTY DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION  22 
4.1  LOCATION  22 
4.2  PROPERTY DESCRIPTION  22 
 
5. ACCESS, CLIMATE, LOCAL RESOURCES, INFRASTRUCTURE AND PHYSIOGRAPHY  26
5.1  ACCESS  26 
5.2  CLIMATE  26 
5.3  LOCAL RESOURCES  26 
5.4  INFRASTRUCTURE  27 
5.5  PHYSIOGRAPHY  29 
 
6. HISTORY  30 
 
7. GEOLOGICAL SETTING  32 
 
8. DEPOSIT TYPES  38 
 
9. MINERALIZATION  39 
 
10. EXPLORATION  43 
 
11. DRILLING  48 
 
12. SAMPLING METHOD AND APPROACH  49 
 
13. SAMPLE PREPARATION, ANALYSES AND SECURITY  50 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)

    Page 
 
14. DATA VERIFICATION  52 
 
15. ADJACENT PROPERTIES  53 
 
16. MINING OPERATIONS  54 
16.1  GENERAL  54 
16.2  GROUND SUPPORT FOR MINING  54 
16.3  GRADE CONTROL  55 
16.4  OPERATIONS WORKFORCE  55 
16.5  DISCUSSION  56 
 
17. MILLING OPERATIONS  57 
17.1  GENERAL  57 
17.2  TAYOLTITA MILL  57 
 
18. MINERAL RESOURCE AND MINERAL RESERVE ESTIMATES  60 
18.1  GENERAL  60 
18.2  PRIMERO APPROACH  60 
18.3  PAH AUDIT  61 
18.4  VOLUME ESTIMATE  61 
18.5  TREATMENT OF HIGH GRADE ASSAYS  62 
18.6  TONNAGE FACTOR  62 
18.7  DILUTION  62 
18.8  CUTOFF GRADE  63 
18.9  CLASSIFICATION OF RESERVES  63 
18.10 RECONCILIATION BETWEEN RESERVES AND PRODUCTION  66
18.11  DISCUSSION 66
 
19. SAN DIMAS TAILINGS MANAGEMENT  83 
19.1  GENERAL  83 
19.2  TAYOLTITA TAILINGS  84 
19.3  SAN ANTONIO TAILINGS  85 
 
20. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS  87 
20.1  GENERAL  87 
20.2  CAPITAL COSTS  87 
20.3  OPERATING COSTS  91 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)

    Page 
20.4  TAXES  91 
20.5  PRECIOUS METAL PRICES  92 
20.6  NET CASH FLOW SENSITIVITY TO COSTS AND METAL PRICES  93 
20.7  ECONOMIC ANALYSIS  94 
21. MARKETS AND CONTRACTS  95 
22. OBSERVATIONS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS  97 
23. SIGNATURE PAGE  99 
CERTIFICATES  100 
REFERENCES  104 
APPENDIX 1: SAN DIMAS MINE, PRETAX NET CASH FLOW CALCULATION 106 

LIST OF TABLES

1.  Reconciliation between Reserves predicted grade and production Luismin operations (1978-2010)   20
2.  Mining concessions at San Dimas Mining District Primero Empresa Minera, S.A. de C.V   25
3.  Luismin mine production  31
4.  Sinaloa graben block, Mineral Reserves (as of December 31, 2010)  45
5.  Reconciliation between predicted Reserves and actual production – Tayoltita-Santa Rita (1978-2010)   67
6.  Reconciliation between predicted Reserves and actual production – San Antonio (1987-2002)   68
7.  Luismin, S.A. de C.V. operating mines Inferred Mineral Resources transformed into Mineral Reserves (1979-1998)   68
8.  Primero Compañia Minera, S.A. de C.V. San Dimas Mining District Inferred Resources (as of December 31, 2010)   69
9.  Primero Compañia Minera, S.A. de C.V., Tayoltita Mine Inferred Resources  69
10.  Primero Compañia Minera, S.A. de C.V. Santa Rita Mine Inferred Resources  70
11.  Primero Compañia Minera, S.A. de C.V. San Antonio and Central Block Mines Inferred Resources   71

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)

    Page 
 
12.  Mineral Reserves of San Dimas District - Primero geology department (as of December 31, 2010)   78 
13.  Tayoltita Mineral Reserves  79 
14.  El Cristo Mineral Reserves  79 
15.  Tayoltita Alto De Arana Mineral Reserves  79 
16.  Santa Rita Mineral Reserves  80 
17.  Block Central Mineral Reserves  81 
18.  San Vicente Mineral Reserves  82 
19.  Sinaloa Graben Mineral Reserves  82 
20.  Summary, five year plan  88 

LIST OF FIGURES

San Dimas District  Frontispiece 
1.  Primero organization chart  15 
2.  Location map, Primero operating mines  16 
3.  Location of Tayoltita, San Antonio and Santa Rita mines  23 
4.  Property map, San Dimas district  24 
5.  Infrastructure at Tayoltita  28 
6.  Geologic map of the San Dimas District  33 
7.  Litho-stratigraphic column of the San Dimas District  34 
8.  Structural map of the San Dimas District  36 
9.  Geologic sections across the San Dimas District  37 
10.  Longitudinal cross-section of San Luis Vein, Tayoltita Mine  40 
11.  Longitudinal cross-section of Guadalupe Vein  41 
12.  Longitudinal cross-section of San Antonio Vein  42 
13.  Schematic section of the Favourable Zone  44 
14.  Plan map of San Dimas mine showing the trend of high grade Au-Ag  46 
15.  Plan and cross section of Sinaloa Graben  47 
16.  Flowsheet of El Perihuete 2,100 tpd processing plant  59 
17.  Regional structure and known veins  65 
18.  Longitudinal section San Fernando  72 
19.  Longitudinal section Veta Roberta  73 
20.  Longitudinal section Veta Robertita  74 
21.  Longitudinal section Sinalo Norte section 22  75 
22.  Longitudinal section Sta Teresa section 23  76 
23.  Longitudinal section Aranza section 24  77 
24.  Gold price 1985-2010  92 
25.  Silver price 1985-2010  93 
26.  Sensitivity of Net Cash Flow to changes in gold prices and capital and operating cost  94 

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1. SUMMARY

Watts, Griffis and McOuat Limited ("WGM") was retained by Silver Wheaton Corp. ("Silver Wheaton") to complete a review of the San Dimas mining operations, to conduct an independent audit of the Mineral Reserves and Mineral Resources as of December 31, 2010 and to prepare a report in compliance with National Instrument 43-101 ("NI 43-101"). WGM understands that the purpose of the NI 43-101 report and the audit was to support disclosure in Silver Wheaton's Annual Information Form.

On October 15, 2004, Silver Wheaton Caymans ("Silver Wheaton") entered into an agreement (amended on March 30, 2006) to acquire all of the silver produced by Goldcorp's Luismin mining operations in Mexico (owned at the date of the transaction) for a period of 25 years. Total consideration, including consideration issued as part of the March 30, 2006 amendment, was C$46 million in cash upfront, a US$20 million promissory note and 126 million common shares of the Company. In addition, a per ounce cash payment of the lesser of US$3.95 and the prevailing market price is due (subject to an inflationary adjustment on October 15 of the subsequent years). It is currently at US$4.04 per ounce.

Under the Agreement, Silver Wheaton had consent rights in connection with any sale of the San Dimas Assets. In return for Silver Wheaton providing its consent to the acquisition of the San Dimas Assets by Primero, the current Silver Wheaton purchase agreement was changed as follows:

1.
The term of the Silver Wheaton purchase agreement was extended from the 25 years (19 years remaining) to the life of the mine.
2.
During the first four years after Primero acquired the San Dimas Assets, Silver Wheaton will receive each year the first 3.5 million troy ounces of the silver production. The yearly silver production, in excess of 3.5 million troy ounces, during each year of the four years, will be shared 50/50 between Silver Wheaton and Primero. In return for this, Silver Wheaton will receive 1.5 million troy ounces of silver each year (for four years) from Goldcorp.
3.
4.
Starting in the fifth year after Primero acquired the San Dimas Assets, Silver Wheaton will receive the first 6.0 million troy ounces of the yearly silver production. The yearly silver production in excess of 6.0 million troy ounces will be shared 50/50 between Silver Wheaton and Primero. Other terms of Silver Wheaton purchase agreement remained the same (ie. Primero is bound by the same terms and conditions to which Goldcorp was bound).

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On August 6, 2010, Primero Empresa Minera S.A. de C.V. ("Primero"), formerly Mala Noche Resources S.A. de C.V., completed the acquisition ("Acquisition") of the San Dimas mines, mill and related assets from Minas de San Luis S.A. de C.V.; Maderera Industrial de San Dimas S. de R.L.; and, Desarrollos Mineros San Luis S.A. de C.V. ("DMSL"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Goldcorp Inc. The San Dimas Mines consist of the San Antonio (Central Block), Tayoltita and Santa Rita mines located in Mexico's San Dimas district, on the border of Durango and Sinaloa States and the nearby small, former underground, Ventanas Project.

Prior to the completion of the Acquisition, a subsidiary of Goldcorp. had an agreement to sell an amount of refined silver equal to the payable silver produced from the San Dimas Mines to a subsidiary of Silver Wheaton (ie., Silver Wheaton Caymans). This agreement was amended and restated as part of the Acquisition. Primero continues to carryout the same various operations throughout the mine previously done by Luismin, and virtually all of the former Luismin's management and workers are now Primero's employees.

Watts, Griffis and McOuat Limited ("WGM") was retained on December 16, 2010, as authorized by Sr. Eduardo Luna, Primero Empresa Minera S.A. de C.V. to complete a review of the San Dimas mining operation and to document the results in an independent technical report. The report has been prepared in compliance with the Canadian National Instrument 43-101 ("NI 43-101") standards and guidelines. WGM understands that the purpose of this NI 43-101 report and the audit was to support disclosure in Silver Wheaton's Annual Information Form.

WGM has visited the three mines on several occasions during the past eleven years and produced independent Mineral Resource/Reserve audits of Luismin's operations as of: December 31, 2001; December 31, 2002; August 31, 2004, December 31, 2004, December 31, 2006, December 31, 2007, December 31, 2008, December 31, 2009, and December 31, 2010, that forms the basis of this present Technical Report. The most recent WGM visit was in January 2011. Previously Pincock, Allen and Holt ("PAH") had conducted independent audits as of: June 30, 1998; December 31, 1999; and, October 31, 2000.

The three mining properties are each operated by wholly owned subsidiaries of Primero and include: Tayoltita, Santa Rita and San Antonio mines in the San Dimas district, on the border of Durango and Sinaloa states. Exploration and exploitation concessions covering the three mines have a total area of 24,965.51 ha. This extensive land ownership covers the mines, as well as the most prospective surrounding areas, and forms an important asset for Primero's future exploration programs. Primero also holds the Ventanas concessions covering 3,470.36 ha that formerly was mined underground but now is in a standby mode.

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All mines are underground operations using primarily mechanized cut-and-fill mining methods. After milling, cyanidation, precipitation and smelting, doré bars are poured and then transported for refining to Salt Lake City, Utah.

Production of gold and silver from the San Dimas Assets: during 2007 was 132,898 oz Au and 6,911,482 oz Ag; during 2008 was 86,682 oz Au and 5,113,466 oz Ag; during 2009 was 113,018 oz Au and 5,093,385 oz Ag; and during 2010 was 85,429 oz Au and 4,532,006 oz Ag.

The geological and engineering work done by Primero is of high quality and follows accepted engineering practices, and record keeping is very good.

The three mines that comprise the San Dimas District (Tayoltita, Santa Rita and San Antonio) are located some 125 km northeast from Mazatlan, Sinaloa or approximately 150 km west of the city of Durango, Durango. The district is accessed by aircraft in a half hour flight from either Mazatlan or Durango, or by driving some 10 hours from Durango.

The Santa Rita mine is located approximately 3 km upstream from the Tayoltita mine while the San Antonio mine is 7 km west of Tayoltita. Production from the three mines is processed in the central milling facility at Tayoltita. The San Antonio mill, that formerly processed production from the San Antonio mine, was put in care and maintenance in November 2003. The San Antonio mill is accessed from the Tayoltita mine by road, to the portal of the San Luis tunnel then through the tunnel and finally along a river bed or access road to the mill, about an hour and a half drive in total.

The San Dimas District has experienced a long recorded history of mining since precious metal production was first reported in 1757. Historical production through 2010 is estimated at 586.3 million ounces of silver and 11.61 million ounces of gold making the San Dimas District third in Mexico for precious metal production.

The geological setting at San Dimas shows two major volcanic successions, totalling 3,500 m in thickness, separated by an erosional and depositional unconformity. The Lower Volcanic Unit ("LVG") is predominantly composed of andesitic and rhyolitic flows and tuffs, while the Upper Volcanic Unit ("UVG") is composed of a lower andesitic horizon capped by rhyolitic ash flows and tuffs. The LVG is the host of the mineralized veins.

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The district lies within an area of complex normal faulting. Five major, post-ore north-northwest trending faults have divided the district into five tilted blocks.

The deposits are high grade, silver-gold epithermal vein deposits formed from the final stages of igneous and hydrothermal activity in two different vein systems. The first formed set of veins strikes east-west while the second strikes north-northeast. Both sets of veins pinch, swell, bifurcate and exhibit horse-tailing and sigmoidal structures. The veins vary in width from a fraction of a centimetre to fifteen metres, but average 1.5 m. The ore shoots in the veins have variable strike lengths, and average 150 m. They can have up to 200 m down-dip extensions but the down-dip extensions are normally less than the strike length. The ore forming minerals are light coloured, medium to coarse grained quartz with intergrowths of base metal sulphides, pyrite, argentite, polybasite, native silver and electrum.

Typical of epithermal systems, the San Dimas District exhibits a vertical zonation with a distinct top and bottom that Luismin had termed the Favourable Zone. At the time of deposition, the Favourable Zone was in a horizontal position, paralleling the erosional surface of the LVG. Luismin had successfully located the Favourable Zone in fault tilted blocks from the position of the unconformity between the lower and upper volcanic units. At San Dimas, the Favourable Zone has a vertical extent of some 300 to 600 m. Past mining experience has shown that 30% of the volume/tonnage of structures in the Favourable Zone, when later developed, becomes ore. At the current mining rate, Inferred Mineral Resources are being successfully developed on a yearly basis into Mineral Reserves to replace mined out ore.

Exploration is done both by diamond drilling and by underground development work. The drilling is mainly done from underground stations.

Approximately US$6.0 million was spent during 2010 on exploration with 118 New holes drilled (approximately 42,000 m) and 315 m of exploration drifting completed. The majority of additional mineral reserves found during 2010 were in the Sinaloa Graben.

In the Central Block exploration (50 holes – 13,900 m) was focused on upgrading the inferred mineral resources to proven and probable mineral reserve categories and to expand the knowledge at depth of the mineralized system. Drilling indicated that the known mineralization extends to a depth of at least 150 m below the deepest current exploitation level.

Twenty-nine holes (approximately 11,200 m) were drilled in 2010 in the Sinaloa Graben. Drilling was focused on upgrading a portion of the potential inferred mineral resource into the inferred category and to confirm that the mineralization (ore shoots) were a continuation of the ore shoots of the Central Block. The mineralization of the Sinaloa Graben remains open to the west and at depth.

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Twenty three holes were drilled in 2010 in the Arana Hanging Wall to confirm the presence of large ore shoots suggested by previous results and although the drilling confirmed the presence of above average mineral grades the mineralization was over narrow widths.

Based on Primero’s knowledge of the Favourable Zone, and numerous years of developing Inferred Mineral Resources into Mineral Reserves, the newly outlined Mineral Resources of the Sinaloa Graben and the mineralization of the Arana Block indicate a long life to the mine and encourages further exploration and development of other areas in the mine.

The workings of the San Dimas District mines are sampled across the vein at 1.5 m intervals along the vein under the direction of the Geological Department. The splits are taken along the sample line to reflect geology but no sample is greater than 1.5 m. Once an ore block has been developed, the sample line spacing may be increased to 3.0 m. Sampling is by an approximately 10 cm wide chip-channel across the vein.

The samples are crushed, ground, split and homogenized at the mine assay laboratory to produce a representative 10 g sample for fire assaying. Routine quality control is carried out with check assays done at the mine assay laboratory, and between commercial assay mine laboratories.

The method used by Primero to estimate tonnage/grade at the mines in an ore shoot is the conventional block estimation method where the average width is multiplied by the area measured in a vertical plane (corrected for dip) to determine the volume. This volume is multiplied by the Specific Gravity ("SG") of 2.7 to give the estimated tonnage.

Grade corrections of 0.85 by silver grade and 0.95 by gold grade, have been applied. To account for narrow veins at the San Dimas mines, a dilution factor of 10% (at zero grade) is also applied to blocks of less than 5,000 tonnes. These grade corrections and dilution, where appropriate, are applied to both the Proven and Probable Mineral Reserves and the Inferred Mineral Resources. Calculation of the minimum cutoff grade is based on market metal prices for gold and silver metal recovered in the mill and the average monthly production costs for mining/milling/overhead etc., to produce a minimum dollar per tonne cutoff grade.

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The terminology used by Primero to designate Measured and Indicated Mineral Resources and Proven and Probable Mineral Reserves is in general agreement with the CIM Standards as adopted in NI 43-101.

Primero designates Proven Mineral Reserves only when mineralization above cutoff grade is exposed in a drift. The distance projected above and below the drift is a function of the exposed length of the above-cutoff grade mineralization in the drift. Primero also estimates Probable Mineral Reserves by diamond drilling. A square is drawn on the vertical longitudinal section with the drillhole centered on the square. The shape and size of the block depends upon the geological interpretation and thickness of the vein ranging from 25 by 25 m for veins less than 1.0 m thick to 50 by 50 m for veins greater than 1.5 m thick.

Drillhole blocks, based on drillhole assays 50 m or less from underground workings, are classified as "Probable Mineral Reserves from Drilling".

Mining has been conducted in the San Dimas District for more than 200 years and knowledge of the geology i.e. character of the more than 100 veins/structures has been obtained. Detailed mapping and record keeping has assisted in developing a working model. The economic mineralization is known to be confined to an epithermal zone with a distinct top and bottom. Experience has shown that the mineralization within the vein/structure in the favourable zone is very irregular but statistically occupies 30% of the vein/structure. The extent of extrapolation of an individual vein/structure within the favourable zone is defined on structural and stratigraphic relationships supported by geochemical trace element studies and by fluid inclusion studies. These studies have been published as various papers in Economic Geology (see bibliography).

Extrapolation of a particular vein/structure (generally from 200 m to 500 m) is based on various criteria from: known underground workings, surface exposure, drillholes intercepts; continuity and width of the known part of the structure, etc.

WGM's audit of Primero's Mineral Resource/Mineral Reserve estimates did not uncover any fatal flaws, and WGM believes that the methods used by Primero to estimate the Mineral Resources/Mineral Reserves are reasonable.

Prior to 2004, the three Primero mines in the San Dimas District were treated as separate mining units with production from the Tayoltita and Santa Rita mines processed at the Tayoltita mill and production from the San Antonio mine processed at the San Antonio mill. Late in 2003, the San Antonio mill was put on standby and closed, and with all mine production to be processed through the Tayoltita mill. A recent production reclassification has been made into seven new mining units: Tayoltita, El Cristo, Tayoltita (Alto Acana), Santa Rita, Central Block, San Vicente and Sinaloa Graben.

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The following Mineral Reserves/Resources were prepared by Primero Compañia Minera S.A. de C.V. and audited by Velasquez Spring, P.Eng., a Senior Geologist of Watts, Griffis and McOuat, a Qualified Person as defined by National Instrument NI 43-101.

The Proven and Probable Mineral Reserves at the seven operating mining units of the three mines as of December 31, 2010 are 5.881 million tonnes at 332 g Ag/t and 4.69 g Au/t, as follows:

Proven and Probable Mineral Reserves - San Dimas
  Metric Tonnes      Total Contained
  g Ag/t  g Au/t  (oz Ag)  (oz Au) 
Proven and Probable Reserves           
Tayoltita  517,955 293 3.07 4,871,424 51,197
El Cristo  10,120 206 3.67 67,129 1,194
Tayoltita (Alto Arana)  20,140 286 2.27 185,051 1,467
Santa Rita  496,262 297 2.09 4,740,356 33,352
Block Central  2,617,961 369 6.01 31,019,910 505,834
San Vicente  39,932 218 4.60 279,935 5,902
Sinaloa Graben  50,784 484 5.43 789,492 8,865
Total Proven and Probable Reserves  3,753,153 348 5.04 41,953,296 607,812
 
Probable Reserves by Diamond Drilling           
Tayoltita  767,125 285 2.83 7,020,137 69,854
El Cristo  103,737 268 3.98 894,383 13,282
Tayoltita (Alto Arana)  32,934 207 3.95 218,691 4,179
Santa Rita  359,126 325 2.84 3,752,276 32,817
Block Central  703,461 295 5.35 6,665,473 120,954
San Vicente  3,304 208 2.50 22,093 266
Sinaloa Graben  158,213 459 7.26 2,335,956 36,928
Total Probable Reserves by Diamond Drilling  2,127,899 306 4.07 20,909,010 278,278
 
GRAND TOTAL Proven and Probable Reserves  5,881,052 332 4.69 62,862,306 886,090
Notes to Reserve Statement           
1. Reserves were estimated by Primero and audited by WGM as of December 31, 2010.
2. Cutoff grade based on total operating cost for Tayoltita, Santa Rita and Block Central (US$99.84/t).
3. All reserves are diluted, a mining recovery factor has not been applied, but WGM estimates that the mining recovery will be approximately 90%.
4. The tonnage factor is 2.7 tonnes per cubic metre.
5. Cutoff values are calculated at a silver price of US$15.00 per troy ounce and US$950.00 per troy ounce for gold.
6. Rounding of figures may alter the sum of individual column.
7. Exchange rate, pesos/US$ is 13.00 pesos/U$1.00.

The Inferred Mineral Resources at San Dimas, diluted as of December 31, 2010 are about 16.853 million tonnes at an approximate grade of 330 g Ag/t and 3.67 g Au/t, and are separately reported and not included in the above total Mineral Reserve as Inferred Mineral Resources are not known to the same degree of certainty as Mineral Reserves and do not have demonstrated economic viability.

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The seven silver and gold mining units of the three mines in the San Dimas district are underground operations employing cut-and-fill mining and using load, haul, and dump ("LHD") equipment. Primary access is provided by adits and internal ramps. Milling operations are carried out at Tayoltita which has a capacity of 2,100 tpd. The ore is processed by conventional cyanidation followed by zinc precipitation of the silver and gold and refining for the production of doré.

In 2008, the San Dimas District mined the 657,479 tonnes at an average grade of 4.25 g Au/t and 259 g Ag/t for a production of 86,682 oz gold and 5,113,466 oz silver at recoveries of 97.2% and 93.9% respectively. In 2009, the production was 673,311 tonnes at an average grade of 5.36 g Au/t and 249 g Ag/t for a production of 113,018 oz gold and 5,093,385 oz silver at recoveries of 97.4% and 94.6%, respectively. In 2010, the production was 612,253 tonnes at an average grade of 4.46 g Au/t and 244 g Ag/t for a production of 85,429 oz gold and 4,532,006 oz silver at recoveries of 97.4% and 94.45 respectively.

When Wheaton River Minerals Ltd. acquired Luismin in 2002, Luismin’s practice in the design and operation of tailings containment sites complied with the requirements of Mexico and with the permits issued for the dams in use at San Dimas, however, improvements were necessary to bring the tailings dam designs and operations up to international guidelines. Various assessments and geotechnical testing have been carried out in the past eight years to investigate the safety of the dams and design improved operational procedures for the tailings deposits and Luismin had initiated various construction works to increase the dam safety and to better manage the tailings operations.

Tailings previously were discharged from milling operations into unlined structures designed to settle the solids and to collect and drain solutions for recycle to the milling operations. The containment structures were constructed from the more dense and coarse underflow from cyclones operating on the tailings lines. Solutions from the cyclone overflows drained to decant structures in the central dam area and the solutions were recycled to the mill.

In the San Dimas district, both tailings dams at San Antonio and at Tayoltita required extensive work to stabilize the structures against erosion and possible failure. The deficiencies were recognized and a total of US$20 million capital expenditures were carried out at both tailings dams to implement the recommendations of third party consultants and bring the tailings dams more in line with international guidelines.

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At the San Antonio dam, the scope of work included seepage controls, geotechnical investigations to support the existing tailings and the installation of a rock filled berm and a Roller Compacted Concrete stepped spillway. It is planned during the first six months of 2011 to complete the improvement of this dam with the only remaining work is to complete the concrete covering of the face of the dam and the construction of the diversion channel. The operation at the San Antonio mill had been shut down primarily due to the depletion of tailings storage capacity at the San Antonio tailings dam.

Improving the safety factor on the Tayoltita tailings dam has included the placement of a reinforcing berm downstream of the current dam and extension of the seepage collection system. The three phases of constructing the safety berm, to stabilize the dam, have been completed. The ten-stage tailings pumping system has been replaced with single stage positive displacement pumps as well as a new pipeline crossing of the river. The river crossing design includes spill protection in the event of a line failure. Belt filtering of the tailings that allows dry placement of the tailings, is currently in operation at the Tayoltita operation, one of three dry tailings operations in Mexico.

With the remediation and stabilization works underway and the work planned for the future, Primero's operations have moved considerably forward in bringing the tailings operations to international guidelines since acquisition of the operations by Wheaton River/Goldcorp.

Capital expenditures are required to sustain the existing production facilities with equipment replacement and ongoing exploration and mine development.

Operating costs, in 2010, in the San Dimas District for the seven mining units of the three mines averaged US$92.94 per tonne. Detailed operating costs are separately accounted for all aspects of the mining operations to determine the cutoff grade to plan and control the mining operations.

The San Dimas operations have achieved significant reductions in operating costs by increasing the scale of operations as well as improvements in the efficiencies of operating methods. All operations will incur some increase in operating costs associated with the future tailings operations and associated environmental monitoring and ongoing inflation within the mining industry.

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Since February 2009, all of the doré bars are shipped to the Johnson Matthey refinery in Salt Lake City, where a refining charge of US$0.30 per troy oz of the doré received is paid to the refinery, and a charge of US$1.00/oz of the gold debited to the Primero account.

WGM believes that the Inferred Mineral Resources are an important part of the overall planning for this project because:

  • Production from the San Dimas deposits has been sustained for more than 200 years;

  • Luismin successfully conducted mine operations at San Dimas for more than 30 years;

  • Capital investment of approximately US$31.0 million is currently planned by Primero in the first year. Over the next five years major capital expense will amount to US$34.3 million while sustaining capital amounts to US$26.4 million, exploration totals US$55.1 million and underground development totals US$47.5 million. Thus, over the next five years total capital expense is projected to average US$32.7 million per year;

  • A study in the main production area at San Dimas covering the period from 1979 to 1988 showed that Luismin was able to achieve a conversion rate of about 90% of the Inferred Mineral Resources into Mineral Reserves;

  • WGM believes that the San Dimas operation has successfully demonstrated that there is a high probability that Inferred Mineral Resources will be converted to Mineral Reserves;

  • Primero operating practice has been to convert Mineral Resources into Mineral Reserves after drifting in the mineralization and completion of sampling and mining of the headings;

  • Due to the combination of ever expanding production requirements, better access to capital, the well understood geology and economic zone of the mineralization, and the historical success of the operations, Primero will be better positioned to support mine development and Mineral Reserve definition with a normal level of diamond drilling prior to mining. This should provide for a higher level of Mineral Reserve definition prior to mining; and,

  • Primero is targeting for the next five years, a production averaging approximately 791,000 tonnes of ore per year. The economics of the San Dimas Operations are extremely robust. For instance, assuming a spot silver price of $15.00/oz, the operations requires a gold price of US$476.00/oz to break even (including an allowance for capital costs).

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Primero has estimated Proven and Probable Reserves as of December 31, 2010. WGM's audit of the reserves of the Luismin mines incorporated the following steps:

  • A review of all the steps in the estimation process to confirm that the procedures are appropriate for each of the deposits;

  • An analysis of the system used to classify the reserves to determine whether it meets current international standards of practice in the mining industry (NI 43-101);

  • A review of any changes in the estimation process since December 31, 2003;

  • A review of the reconciliation between predicted reserves and actual results of mining over the period 1975 through December 31, 2010; and,

  • An analysis of operating results for 2010 to confirm that the reserves are in fact being mined and processed at a profit.

WGM has concluded that:

  • Total Proven and Probable Mineral Reserves estimated as of December 31, 2010, for Primero's seven mining units of the three operating mines (Tayoltita, Santa Rita, San Antonio/Block Central) are 5.881 million tonnes at a grade of 332 g Ag/t and 4.69g Au/t;

  • The procedures used by Primero to estimate the Mineral Reserves are reasonable and the reserves fairly represent the tonnage and grade that can be expected from an operation;

  • The total Inferred Mineral Resources, estimated as of December 31, 2010, for the same seven mining units, and not included in the Mineral Reserves stated above, are about 16.853 million tonnes at an approximate grade of 330 g Ag/t and 3.67 g Au/t;

  • The procedures used by Primero to estimate the Inferred Mineral Resources are reasonable and there is a reasonable expectation the Inferred Resource will be converted to Reserves;

  • The experience and capabilities of the Primero management team are regarded as excellent and important elements in the success of current and future operations;

  • The potential for exploration, both on active mining properties as well as on exploration holdings, to expand the reserve base to both support and expand operations is excellent;

  • Future operations will incur additional capital and operating costs for management of tailings sites;

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  • Opportunities for future reductions in operating costs will be possible with capital investment in mining and processing equipment as well as changes to operating practices; and,

  • The past history of the operations at San Dimas showed growth in small increments where capital expenditures were justified on short term planning and assessments. This resulted in "add on" style expansions and a variety of equipment sizes and types that reduced some efficiencies in operations and maintenance. The renewed support of capital and longer term planning should lead to better return on investments.

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2. INTRODUCTION AND TERMS OF REFERENCE

2.1  GENERAL 

At the request of Silver Wheaton Corp. ("Silver Wheaton"), Watts, Griffis and McOuat Limited ("WGM") revisited the three operating gold and silver mines in Mexico formerly owned by the Mexican corporation Luismin S.A. de C.V. ("Luismin"). Desarollos Mineros San Luis S.A. ("DMSL"), a subsidiary of Luismin, which is a subsidiary of Goldcorp on August 6, 2010 concluded an Agreement with Primero for the sale of their mining operations at San Dimas, Durango, Mexico. The sale included the mines and mill at San Dimas and all attached facilities and equipment including the Twin Otter and helicopter aircrafts that are used in support of the San Dimas operations; the newly finished Las Truchas hydroelectric generation project, the nearby, small, former underground Ventanas Project (which is the subject of a separate technical report). Together these assets are referred to as the "San Dimas Assets".

Under the Agreement, Primero’s Mexican subsidiary Primero Empresa Minera S.A. de C.V. acquired the San Dimas Assets and all of the employees employed exclusively in connection with the San Dimas Assets. Primero Mining Corporation and Primero Empresa Minera S.A. de C.V. together or individually are referred to as "Primero".

In consideration for the sale of San Dimas Assets to Primero, Primero paid to Goldcorp and to DMSL, the sum of US$489 million and assumed all liabilities (contingent or otherwise) including but not limited to the liability with respect to environment and labour matters, arising from, or related to, all past, present and future operations of the San Dimas Assets.

Watts, Griffis and McOuat Limited was retained on December 16, 2010, as authorized by Frazer Bourchier, V.P. Business Development and Technical Services for Silver Wheaton Corp., to complete a review of the San Dimas mining operation and to document the results in an independent technical report. The report has been prepared in compliance with the Canadian National Instrument 43-101 ("NI 43-101") standards and guidelines. WGM understands that the purpose of this NI 43-101 report and the audit is to support disclosure in Silver Wheaton's Annual Information Form.

The three mining properties are each operated by wholly owned subsidiaries of Primero and include: the Tayoltita, Santa Rita and San Antonio mines in the San Dimas district, on the border of Durango and Sinaloa states. The Primero organization chart (Figure 1) illustrates the various wholly owned Primero companies, which control the mining operations and exploration properties in Mexico. The three mines cover an area of approximately 24,965.51 ha in exploration and exploitation concessions. This extensive land ownership covers the mines as well as the most prospective surrounding areas, which forms an important asset for Primero’s future exploration programs.

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All mines are underground operations using primarily mechanized cut-and-fill mining methods. After milling, cyanidation, precipitation and smelting, doré bars are poured and then transported for refining to Johnson Matthey in Salt Lake City, Utah. The locations of the mines are shown on Figure 2. WGM did not independently review the lease and land status information on the mines and the information as reported herein, was provided by Primero.

Primero also holds 28 mining concessions (3470.4 ha) at Mala Noche-Ventanas-San Cayeto ("Ventanas Project") a former small, underground mining located approximately 23 km SE from the San Dimas mines.

Gold and silver production from Luismin’s three San Dimas mines: during 2007 was 132,898 oz gold and 6,911,482 oz silver, in 2008 was 86,682 oz gold and 5,113,466 oz silver, in 2009 was 113,018 oz gold and 5,093,385 oz silver, and in the past year (2010) was 85,429 oz gold and 4,532,006 oz silver.

2.2  TERMS OF REFERENCE 

WGM was retained on December 16, 2010 by Silver Wheaton to conduct an independent technical review and to prepare a report in compliance with National Instrument 43-101 following Form 43-101F1, on three operating silver-gold mines (Tayoltita, Santa Rita, San Antonio) in Mexico.

WGM has previously in 2002 been retained by Wheaton River Minerals Ltd. to conduct an independent technical review and to prepare a technical report in compliance with NI 43-101 on the same three mines and also in 2003 WGM was again retained by Wheaton to conduct an independent audit on the three mines as of: December 31, 2002; December 31, 2004; December 31, 2006; December 31, 2007; December 31, 2008; December 31, 2009; April 14, 2010 and December 31, 2010. WGM is very familiar with the operations at the three mines.

WGM understands that the purpose of the NI 43-101 report and the audit was to support disclosure in Silver Wheaton's Annual Information Form.

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Figure 1. Primero organization chart

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Velasquez Spring, WGM's Senior Geologist revisited the three mining operations during January 5 through 8, 2011. Subsequent to the visit several telephone calls and discussions were held with Luismin engineers and geologists at each of the operating mines, as well as with senior personnel at Primero offices, regarding the mining/milling operations, exploration, and Mineral Resource/Reserve estimation procedures.

G. Watts carried out a detailed review of the plans and capital budgets that were prepared by Primero for the proposed underground expansions at each of the three Primero mines. WGM checked the information provided during the visits to the mines and reviewed it for adequacy and completeness.

The geological and engineering work done by Primero is of high quality and follows accepted engineering practices. The record keeping with regard to Mineral Resource/Mineral Reserve estimates, i.e. plans, sections and calculation sheets, is very good. From 1994 to 2000, Luismin retained the consulting firm of Pincock, Allen and Holt to conduct an independent audit on the Mineral Resource/Mineral Reserve estimates every two years.

The opinions and conclusions presented in this report are based on information received from Primero. Specific references are included at the end of this report. WGM received the full cooperation and assistance of Primero during the site visit and in preparation of this report.

This technical report is copyright protected. The copyright is vested in WGM and this report, or any part thereof, may not be reproduced in any form, or by any means whatsoever, without prior written permission of Watts, Griffis and McOuat Limited. Furthermore, WGM permits the report to be used as a basis for project financing and for filing on SEDAR. Part or all of the report may be reproduced by Primero in any subsequent reports, with the prior written consent of WGM.

2.3  UNITS AND CURRENCY 

Throughout this report common measurements are in metric units. Tonnages are shown as tonnes (1,000 kg), linear measurements as metres ("m"), or kilometres ("km"), areas as hectares ("ha") and precious metal values as grams ("g"), grams of gold per tonne ("g Au/t"), and grams of silver per tonne ("g Ag/t"), and troy ounces ("oz"). Cubic metres per second ("cu m/s") is used for ventilation air flow. Tonnes per day ("tpd") for mine and mill daily production. Grams are converted to troy ounces based upon 31.103 grams per troy ounce.

All economic data is quoted in US dollars ("US$"). When peso amounts required conversion into US dollars, the peso exchange rate used was 13.0 pesos equivalent to US$1.00.

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2.4  DEFINITIONS 

The classification of Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves used in this report conforms with the definitions provided in the final version of National Instrument 43-101, which came into effect on February 1, 2001. We further confirm that, in arriving at our classification, we have followed the guidelines adopted by the Council of the Canadian Institute of Mining Metallurgy and Petroleum (the "CIM") standards. The relevant definitions for the CIM Standards/NI 43-101 are as follows:

A Mineral Resource is a concentration or occurrence of natural, solid, inorganic or fossilized organic material in or on the Earth's crust in such form and quantity and of such a grade or quality that it has reasonable prospects for economic extraction. The location, quantity, grade, geological characteristics and continuity of a Mineral Resource are known, estimated or interpreted from specific geological evidence and knowledge.

An Inferred Mineral Resource is that part of a Mineral Resource for which quantity and grade or quality can be estimated on the basis of geological evidence and limited sampling and reasonably assumed, but not verified, geological and grade continuity. The estimate is based on limited information and sampling gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drillholes.

An Indicated Mineral Resource is that part of a Mineral Resource for which quantity, grade or quality, densities, shape and physical characteristics, can be estimated with a level of confidence sufficient to allow the appropriate application of technical and economic parameters, to support mine planning and evaluation of the economic viability of the deposit. The estimate is based on detailed and reliable exploration and testing information gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drillholes that are spaced closely enough for geological and grade continuity to be reasonably assumed.

A Measured Mineral Resource is that part of a Mineral Resource for which quantity, grade or quality, densities, shape, physical characteristics are so well established that they can be estimated with confidence sufficient to allow the appropriate application of technical and economic parameters, to support production planning and evaluation of the economic viability of the deposit. The estimate is based on detailed and reliable exploration, sampling and testing information gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drillholes that are spaced closely enough to confirm both geological and grade continuity.

A Mineral Reserve is the economically mineable part of a Measured or Indicated Mineral Resource demonstrated by at least a Preliminary Feasibility Study. This Study must include adequate information on mining, processing, metallurgical, economic and other relevant factors that demonstrate, at the time of reporting, that economic extraction can be justified. A Mineral Reserve includes diluting materials and allowances for losses that may occur when the material is mined.

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A Probable Mineral Reserve is the economically mineable part of an Indicated, and in some circumstances a Measured Mineral Resource demonstrated by at least a Preliminary Feasibility Study. This Study must include adequate information on mining, processing, metallurgical, economic, and other relevant factors that demonstrate, at the time of reporting, that economic extraction can be justified.

A Proven Mineral Reserve is the economically mineable part of a Measured Mineral Resource demonstrated by at least a Preliminary Feasibility Study. This Study must include adequate information on mining, processing, metallurgical, economic, and other relevant factors that demonstrate, at time of reporting, that economic extraction is justified.

The terminology used by Primero to designate Measured and Indicated Mineral Resources and Proven and Probable Mineral Reserves is in general agreement with the CIM Standards as adopted in NI 43-101. Primero’s Mineral Resource categories "potential resource" and "drill inferred resource" would, under the CIM Standards, be called Inferred Resources. We have used the term Inferred Mineral Resources for this material throughout the rest of this report.

2.5  PRIMERO APPROACH TO MINERAL RESERVE ESTIMATION 

Rather than calculating Mineral Resources/Mineral Reserves over a minimum mining width and then applying corrections for dilution and mine losses to determine Mineral Reserves, Primero estimates the reserve in each of the underground mining blocks by using the conventional mining block estimation methods for underground mines and later applying a tonnage and grade correction to determine Mineral Reserves. The minimum mining width is 0.9 m. However, on occasion, where very high grade values are encountered over intervals less than 0.9 m, the minimum mining width is calculated to 0.9 m, using zero grade gold and silver values for the additional width required to meet 0.9 m.

Luismin/Primero success with predicting the tonnage and grade of the reserves over the period 1978-2010 for all operations is shown on Table 1. The table clearly shows that, although there are variances from year to year, the overall totals compare well.

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TABLE 1.
RECONCILIATION BETWEEN RESERVES PREDICTED GRADE
AND PRODUCTION LUISMIN OPERATIONS (1978-2010)

YEAR    TONNES      SILVER GRADE       GOLD GRADE     
      Variance  g Ag/t Variance  g Au/t Variance 
  Predicted  Actual  Predicted  Actual  Predicted  Actual 
1978  156,000  159,628  2.30  400  404  1.00  7.00  7.10  1.40 
1979  156,000  161,428  3.50  400  395  -1.30  7.00  6.50  -7.10 
1980  162,000  162,290  0.2  390  381  -2.3  6.40  6.40 
1981  162,000  155,837  -3.8  390  468  20  6.40  7.80  21.9 
1982  162,000  158,163  -2.4  390  483  23.8  6.40  7.70  20.3 
1983  195,000  176,643  -9.4  383  422  10.2  6.50  6.90  6.2 
1984  216,000  200,256  -7.3  396  424  7.1  6.30  6.60  4.8 
1985  202,800  197,864  -2.4  422  433  2.6  5.30  6.30  18.9 
1986  236,300  222,295  -5.9  396  423  6.8  5.77  6.20  8.8 
1987  224,055  200,323  -10.6  348  310  -10.9  3.90  3.93  -6.7 
1988  222,520  256,756  1.9  346  319  -7.8  3.67  4.38  -10.3 
1989  224,475  254,142  -0.1  312  262  -16  3.33  3.95  -8.6 
1990  229,607  214,025  -6.8  287  248  -13.6  2.50  3.58  -2.9 
1991  149,760  158,120  5.6  335  275  -17.9  2.90  3.33  -16.5 
1992  234,685  237,580  1.2  341  311  -8.8  2.26  3.49  5.8 
1993  293,885  297,581  1.3  285  303  6.3  2.90  3.32  -6.5 
1994  300,150  300,711  0.2  307  286  -6.8  2.30  2.95  -10.5 
1995  303,891  323,803  6.6  315  301  -4.4  2.00  3.06  -5.9 
1996  334,225  339,704  1.6  311  312  0.3  1.90  3.30  4.1 
1997  366,206  368,069  0.5  306  299  -2.3  2.20  3.32  -0.2 
1998  388,163  401,743  3.5  274  264  -3.6  1.85  3.06  -5.1 
1999  414,400  428,386  3.4  294  278  -5.4  2.37  3.05  2.7 
2000  432,690  439,590  1.6  288  274  -4.9  2.50  3.12  1.4 
2001  440,720  385,660  -12.5  273  299  9.7  2.33  3.55  18.9 
2002  330,225  313,145  -5.2  350  363  3.1  3.94  3.80  9.5 
2003  513,296  423,673  -17.46  353  428  21.10  3.60  5.20  44.44 
2004  530,913  397,647  -25.10  385  525  36.47  4.32  6.90  59.72 
2005  662,264  507,529  -23.36  371  497  34.19  4.27  7.40  73.30 
2006  709,800  688,942  -2.94  450  438  -2.62  6.00  7.76  29.35 
2007  724,500  685,162  -5.43  405  341  -15.93  6.95  6.27  -9.76 
2008  720,353  657,479  -8.73  335  259  -22.63  6.30  4.25  -32.54 
2009  605,000  673,311  11.29  300  247  -17.53  5.21  5.35  2.58 
2010  668,559  612,253  -8.42  240  243  1.31  5.21  4.46  -14.67 

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3. RELIANCE ON OTHER EXPERTS

WGM did not independently review the lease and land status information on the San Dimas Project and the information as reported herein, was provided by Primero.

WGM prepared this study using the resource materials, reports and documents as noted in the text and "References" at the end of this report. WGM conducted an audit of the methods, parameters and documentation used and prepared by Primero in the preparation of its Mineral Resource/Reserve estimates for the zones comprising the San Dimas Project.

WGM did not prepare independent Mineral Resource/Reserve estimates for the San Dimas Project, however, is satisfied that those persons who prepared the estimates were qualified to do so and that the estimates are reliable. WGM accepts the estimates as supplied by Primero.

WGM has not verified title to the property, but has relied on information supplied by Primero in this regard. WGM has no reason to doubt that the title situation is other than that which was reported to it by Primero.

WGM did not carry out a formal due diligence review of environmental considerations as SRK Consulting ("SRK"), at the request of Wheaton, had conducted a due diligence environmental review of Luismin’s mining properties in January 2002. The SRK review was to identify if any serious liabilities exist that would materially affect the economic performance of the operations over the next 10 years. The report is titled "Environmental Due Diligence Review of Active Mining Units Owned and Operated by Minas Luismin, S.A. de C.V., February 20, 2002" and has been reviewed by WGM as part of the technical review of the San Dimas operations.

The San Dimas mines are independently monitored annually by the Mexican authorities for its compliance to air pollution and water quality regulations.

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4. PROPERTY DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION

4.1  LOCATION 

The San Dimas mining district is centered on latitude 24°06'N and longitude 105°56'W located about 125 km NE from Mazatlan, Sinaloa or approximately 150 km west of the city of Durango (Figure 3).

4.2  PROPERTY DESCRIPTION 

Primero’s three operating mines in the San Dimas district, on the border of Durango and Sinaloa states include San Antonio, Tayoltita and Santa Rita.

The San Dimas properties (mineral concessions) are surveyed and contained in a contiguous block and held in the name of Primero and cover an area of 24,965.51 ha (Figure 4). Table 2 lists the various concessions.

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TABLE 2.
MINING CONCESSIONS AT SAN DIMAS MINING DISTRICT
PRIMERO EMPRESA MINERA, S.A. de C.V.

No.  Name  File Title  Validity  Surface      Municipality  State  Project Registration 
        From  To  Hectares      mining unit  Vol.  Page   Act  
San Manuel  11140 151174  24/03/1969  23/03/2019  103.8914  San Dimas  Dgo.  Santa Rita  184  58  228 
Chela  025/11851 153116  14/07/1970  13/07/2020  253.7101  San Dimas  Dgo.  Santa Rita  188  113  450 
Resurgimiento  025/9788 165046  23/08/1979  22/08/2029  93.0000  San Dimas  Dgo.  Santa Rita  217  82  326 
Yolanda  025/02863 165489  30/10/1979  29/10/2029  10.0000  San Dimas  Dgo.  Santa Rita  217  138  549 
San Luis I  025/02004 165682  28/11/1979  27/11/2029  391.0764  San Dimas  Dgo.  Tayoltita  217  161  642 
San Luis 2  042/00751 165683  28/11/1979  27/11/2029  474.4932  San Dimas  Dgo.  Tayoltita  217  162  643 
San Luis 3  042/00752 165981  04/02/1980  03/02/2030  307.1817  San Dimas  Dgo.  Tayoltita  219 
El Reliz  025/14976 166004  20/02/1980  19/02/2030  8.0000  San Dimas  Dgo.  Tayoltita  220 
Carrizo  025/00108 166615  27/06/1980  26/06/2030  2.0000  San Dimas  Dgo.  Santa Rita  220  80  315 
10  San Daniel  321.1/2/36 172411  15/12/1983  14/12/2033  322.0000  San Ignacio  Sin  San Antonio  235  39  151 
11  Castellana Uno  321.1/2/109 176291  26/08/1985  25/08/2035  107.7325  San Dimas  Dgo.  San Antonio  238  144  571 
12  Libia Estela  002/00067 177195  04/03/1986  03/03/2036  150.8840  San Dimas  Dgo.    San Antonio 239  70  275 
13  Promontorio  025/02510 177826  26/04/1986  25/04/2036  2.0000  San Dimas  Dgo.  Santa Rita  239  147  586 
14  San Miguel  002/00233 178938  28/10/1986  27/10/2036  66.0000  San Dimas  Dgo.  Tayoltita  242  95  378 
15  San Vicente Frac. Suroeste  002/00244 179299  08/12/1986  07/12/2036  300.0000  San Ignacio  Sin    San Antonio 242  141  559 
16  Ampl. El Reliz  321.1/2/110 179954  23/03/1987  22/03/2037  96.2687  San Dimas  Dgo.  Tayoltita  244  34  134 
17  La Castellana  321.1/2-30 180164  24/03/1987  23/03/2037  89.8893  San Dimas  Dgo.  San Antonio  244  57  224 
18  Hueco 2  009/00276 180165  24/03/1987  23/03/2037  0.0917  San Dimas  Dgo.  Tayoltita  244  57  225 
19  Juan Manuel  321.1/9-35 180260  24/03/1987  23/03/2037  16.1399  San Dimas  Dgo.  Tayoltita  244  71  280 
20  A. Noche Buena en Frapop.  002/00234 180679  14/07/1987  13/07/2037  233.5686  San Dimas  Dgo.    San Antonio 243  126  499 
21  San Vicente Frac. Norte  321.1/2-245 180933  14/08/1987  13/08/2037  430.0000  San Ignacio  Sin  San Antonio  244  154  613 
22  Noche Buena en Frapopan  002/00248 182516  15/07/1988  14/07/2038  400.0000  San Ignacio  Sin    San Antonio 247  165  656 
23  Am. Nvo. Contaestaca F.B.  002/00396 183980  25/11/1988  24/11/2038  405.7190  San Ignacio  Sin    San Antonio 250  156  620 
24  Guarisamey III  321.1/2-418 184239  15/02/1989  14/02/2039  115.1343  San Dimas  Dgo.  Santa Rita  249  191  759 
25  Am. Nvo. Contaestaca F.A.  321.1/2-395 184991  13/12/1989  12/12/2039  318.8020  San Ignacio  Sin    San Antonio 251  94  371 
26  El Favorable  321.1/9-428 185109  14/12/1989  13/12/2039  451.9589  San Dimas  Dgo.  Tayoltita  251  108  429 
27  Hueco 1  321.1/2-97 185138  14/12/1989  13/12/2039  0.3607  San Dimas  Dgo.  Tayoltita  252  110  438 
28  Nvo. Contaestaca F.W.  321.1/2-323 185479  14/12/1989  13/12/2039  324.0000  San Ignacio  Sin    San Antonio 251  156  619 
29  Armida Sur  321.1/2-540 185763  14/12/1989  13/12/2039  5.5441  San Dimas  Dgo.  Santa Rita  252  187  743 
30  La Fe  321.1/2-625 185842  14/12/1989  13/12/2039  38.9091  San Dimas  Dgo.  San Antonio  256  22 
31  Juan Manuel Dos  321.1/2-31 185853  14/12/1989  13/12/2039  3.7207  San Dimas  Dgo.  Tayoltita  256  33 
32  Guarisamey Frac. B  321.1/2-588 185891  14/12/1989  13/12/2039  330.4353  San Dimas  Dgo.  Santa Rita  256  14  51 
33  Guarisamey Frac. A  321.1/2-587 185892  14/12/1989  13/12/2039  377.4990  San Dimas  Dgo.  Santa Rita  256  14  52 
34  Armida Sur Frac. II  321.1/2-623 186277  22/03/1990  21/03/2040  2.9381  San Dimas  Dgo.  Santa Rita  255  65  257 
35  Am. Nvo. Contaestaca F.C.  321.1/2-397 186378  29/03/1990  28/03/2040  474.4759  San Ignacio  Sin  San Antonio  256  75  298 
36  San Miguel I  321.1/2-645 186901  17/05/1990  16/05/2040  172.0582  San Dimas  Dgo.  Tayoltita  255  141  561 
37  San Miguel 2  321.1/2-646 186902  17/05/1990  16/05/2040  452.0000  San Dimas  Dgo.  Tayoltita  255  141  562 
38  Hueco Guarisamey  321.1/2-670 186949  17/05/1990  16/05/2040  6.1651  San Dimas  Dgo.  Santa Rita  255  148  589 
39  Armida Sur Frac. I  321.1/2-601 189878  06/12/1990  05/12/2040  0.7607  San Dimas  Dgo.  Santa Rita  259  135  538 
40  Hueco Tayoltita  321.1/2-717 191055  29/04/1991  28/04/2041  27.8795  San Dimas  Dgo.    San Antonio 262  90  355 
41  La Soledad  321.1/2-700 191661  19/12/1991  18/12/2041  20.5031  San Dimas  Dgo.  San Antonio  261  166  661 
42  Juan Manuel Tres  321.1/2-619 194784  15/06/1992  14/06/2042  334.5201  San Dimas  Dgo.  Tayoltita  268  167  664 
43  Guarisamey II  321.1/2-514 195198  25/08/1992  24/08/2042  89.4634  San Dimas  Dgo.  Santa Rita  269  79  158 
44  Armida  321.1/2-325 195215  25/08/1992  24/08/2042  98.2417  San Dimas  Dgo.  Santa Rita  269  88  175 
45  Nuevo Contraestaca F. Este  321.1/2-324 196309  16/07/1993  15/07/2043  376.0000  San Ignacio  Sin  San Antonio  271  85  169 
46  Guarisamey IV Frac. A  2/1.3/1004 196363  16/07/1993  15/07/2043  319.6344  San Dimas  Dgo.  Santa Rita  271  112  223 
47  Tayoltita Norte  2/1.3/00995 196367  16/07/1993  15/07/2043 2,650.2912   San Dimas  Dgo.    San Antonio 271  114  227 
48  Amp. SW Contraestaca  2/1.3/1025 198339  19/11/1993  18/11/2043  662.8185  San Ignacio     Sin.  San Antonio 277  20  39 
49  Alicia II  2/1.3/1033 198408  26/11/1993  25/11/2043  204.4142  San Dimas  Dgo.  Tayoltita  277  54  108 
50  Tayoltita  2/1.3/1039 198571  30/11/1993  29/11/2043 2,319.5200   San Dimas  Dgo.  Tayoltita  277  136  271 
51  Tayoltita Oeste  2/1.3/1031 201555  11/10/1995  10/10/2045 1,395.0000   San Ignacio     Sin.  San Antonio 286  15 
52  Guarisamey V Frac. 1  2/1.3/1229 203798  30/09/1996  29/09/2046  333.0000  San Dimas  Dgo.  Santa Rita  292  49  98 
53  Guarisamey V Frac. NE  2/1.3/1231 203799  30/09/1996  29/09/2046  253.4236  San Dimas  Dgo.  Santa Rita  292  50  99 
54  Guarisamey Sur  2/1.3/1547 208834  15/12/1998  14/12/2048 3,025.8239   San Dimas  Dgo.  Santa Rita  306  47  94 
55  Guarisamey Norte  2/1.3/1549 209396  09/04/1999  08/04/2049  489.7110  San Dimas  Dgo.  Santa Rita  307  148  296 
56  Contraestaca Norte  2/1.3/1441 209592  03/08/1999  02/08/2049  237.0914  San Ignacio  Sin  San Antonio  308  66  132 
57  Guarisamey IV Frac. B  2/1.3/1548 209606  03/08/1999  02/08/2049  320.7168  San Dimas  Dgo.  Santa Rita  308  73  146 
58  San Luis Norte 1  025/25313 215251  14/02/2002  13/02/2052  174.8316  San Dimas  Dgo.  Tayoltita  324  16  31 
59  San Luis Norte 2  025/25314 215252  14/02/2002  13/02/2052  65.6208  San Dimas  Dgo.  Tayoltita  324  16  32 
60  San Luis Norte 3  025/25315 215253  14/02/2002  13/02/2052  838.8994  San Dimas  Dgo.  Tayoltita  324  17  33 
61  Ampl. Tayoltita Nte.  2/1.121-2117 215331  19/04/1994  18/04/2044 1,949.8447   San Dimas  Dgo.  Tahonitas  324  56  111 
62  Tayoltita Sur  2/2.4/02118 215615  12/12/1996  11/12/2046  783.7122  San Dimas  Dgo.  Tayoltita  325  18  35 
63  Tahonitas  025/31180 221050  14/11/2003  13/11/2053  283.0000  San Dimas  Dgo.  Tahonitas  340  35  70 
64  San Miguel 3  2/1/02438 223676  02/02/2005  01/02/2055  3.4720  San Dimas  Dgo.  Tayoltita  347  88  176 
65  Guarisamey Suroeste  2/1/02479 223782  15/02/2005  14/02/2055  358.5774  San Dimas  Dgo.  Santa Rita  347  141  282 
66  Frac. Ampl. Noche Buena en Frapopan  025/34253*       11.0910  San Dimas  Dgo.    San Antonio      
TOTAL HECTARES:          24,965.5105             
*     

Application for land not included in the expert works of the application exploitation mining concession presented the October 16, 1978; it's in processes.

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5. ACCESS, CLIMATE, LOCAL RESOURCES, INFRASTRUCTURE AND PHYSIOGRAPHY

5.1 ACCESS

Access to the San Dimas area is by air or road from the city of Durango. By road the trip requires some 10 hours. A new highway (Highway 40) is under construction, connecting the city of Durango to the city of Mazatlan on the coast, which will significantly reduce the driving time to San Dimas. Primero maintains a de Havilland Twin Otter aircraft and a helicopter; both are based at Tayoltita. An approximate one half hour flight in the Twin Otter is required from either Mazatlan or Durango to Tayoltita. Most of the personnel and light supplies for the San Dimas mines arrive on the company's regular flights from Mazatlan and Durango. Heavy equipment and supplies are brought in by road from Durango.

Originally access to the Dimas district was from the town of San Ignacio, Sinaloa along a 55 km long narrow mule trail, carved in the steep valley wall above the high water level of the Piaxtla River. A rough road, paralleling the mule trail, now follows the river bed to San Ignacio but the road is only accessible for about six months of the year during the Spring dry season. San Ignacio is connected by 70 km of paved roads to Mazatlan.

5.2 CLIMATE

Regionally, the climate is variable from the coast to the high plateau.

The climate of the San Dimas area is semi-tropical, characterized by relatively high temperatures and humidity, with hot summers (maximum about 35°C) and mild winters. At higher elevations in the Sierra, frosty nights occur in the winter (November to March). The majority of the precipitation occurs in the summer (June through September) however tropical rainstorms during October to January can result in considerable additional rainfall. The total average annual rainfall varies from about 66 to 108 cm.

Weather does not affect the operations and mining is carried out throughout the year.

5.3 LOCAL RESOURCES

Sufficient pine, juniper and scattered oak trees grow on the higher ridges, to support a timber industry while the lower slopes, and valleys are covered with thick brush, cactus and grasses. Subsistence farming, ranching, mining and timber cutting are the predominant activities of the region’s population. Tayoltita is the most important population centre in the area with approximately 8,000 inhabitants including mining company personnel. Population outside the mining and sawmill camps is sparse.

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Water for the mining operations is obtained from wells and from the Piaxtla River. Water is also supplied by Primero to the town of Tayoltita from an underground thermal spring at the Santa Rita mine.

Mining at both the Santa Rita and San Antonio mines is done by contract mining while at Tayoltita the mining is carried out by Primero personnel.

Electrical power is provided by a combination of Primero's own system and the Federal Power Commission supply system. Primero operates hydroelectric and back-up diesel generators which are interconnected with the Federal Power Commission supply system. Primero's hydroelectrical power was increased with additional turbines in a tunnel from Trout Lake and is now completed. Except for a few months of the year, during the dry season, Primero hydroelectric generation from its Trout Reservoir provides all the electric requirements of the San Dimas mines. It is planned in the future to increase the capacity of the Trout Reservoir by raising the height of the face of the dam to be able to meet all of the mine's electric requirements year round.

5.4 INFRASTRUCTURE

The infrastructure of the San Dimas district, roads, townsite, airport and mill tailings area for the operations of Tayoltita, San Antonio, and Santa Rita Mines is illustrated in Figure 5, around the town of Tayoltita.

The Santa Rita mine is located three kilometres upstream from Tayoltita. The ore from the Santa Rita mine is trucked underground through tunnels to the Tayoltita mill and along a winding road that follows the Rio Piaxtla to the Tayoltita mill.

The San Antonio mine is located 7 km west of the Tayoltita Mine in the State of Sinaloa. The mine is accessed, from Tayoltita, by road some 3 km paralleling the Piaxtla River opposite the town of Tayoltita to the portal of the San Luis Tunnel, through the tunnel and from the exit, by road, or along the San Antonio river bed to the San Antonio Mill, about an hour and a half drive in total.

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Infrastructure at the San Antonio mine included a mill, small campsite, warehouse, analytical fire assay laboratory and maintenance shops, but the mine and mill are now shut-down.

5.5 PHYSIOGRAPHY

The San Dimas district is located in the central part of the Sierra Madre Occidental, a mountain range characterized by very rugged topography with steep, often vertical walled valleys and narrow canyons. Elevations vary from 2,400 m above mean sea level ("amsl") on the high peaks to elevations of 400 m amsl in the valley floor of the Piaxtla River.

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6. HISTORY

The San Dimas district has experienced a long mining history. Precious metal production was first reported in 1757 by a group of Spanish families living at Las Queleles (near the present town of Tayoltita). Government and religious authorities made several unsuccessful attempts to determine the location of the Queleles group of mines. By 1795, a town of 10,000 residents had been established upstream at Guarisamey where other gold and silver veins had been discovered. The Spanish continued working several of the mines until the start of the Mexican War of Independence (1810). Mining activity in the district then decreased and did not start up again until the 1880s when agents of William Randolph Hearst of San Francisco and American Colonel Daniel Burns arrived in the area. W.R. Hearst acquired the Tayoltita mine under the name of the San Luis Mining Company. In 1883, when Colonel Burns took control of the Candelaria mine, modern mining methods began. Later the Contraestaca (San Antonio) mine was discovered along with several large bonanza grade orebodies.

In 1904, the first cyanide mill in Mexico was built at Tayoltita. By 1940, the Candelaria Mine had been mined out and the properties of the Mexican Candelaria and Contraestaca mines were purchased by the San Luis Mining Company.

A mining law introduced in 1959 in Mexico required the majority of a Mexican mining company be held by Mexicans and forced the sale of 51% of the shares of the San Luis Mining Company to Mexicans. In 1961, the Minas de San Luis S.A. de C.V. was formed and assumed operations of the mine. In 1978, the remaining 49% interest was obtained by a group known as Luismin S.A. de C.V.

Historical production through 2010 from the San Dimas District is estimated at 587 million ounces of silver and 11.61 million ounces of gold, placing the district third in Mexico for precious metal production after Pachuca and Guanajuato. Production from the San Dimas District during 2010 was approximately 85,429 ounces of gold and 4.5 million ounces of silver respectively, while production in 2009 was approximately 113,018 ounces of gold and 5.1 million ounces of silver respectively.

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TABLE 3.
LUISMIN MINE PRODUCTION

Area Tonnes  Mill Head Grade
    g Ag/t g Au/t
Tayoltita      
1996 259,807 275 1.3
1997 281,011 272 2.4
1998 294,979 242 2.3
1999 302,248 247 2.7
2000 279,164 254 2.8
2001 241,445 278 3.0
2002 178,334 262 3.5
 
Santa Rita      
1996 79,898 432 2.6
1997 87,058 399 2.3
1998 106,764 341 2.3
1999 126,138 366 2.2
2000 160,428 308 2.1
2001 144,148 334 2.3
2002 134,810 493 4.2
 
San Antonio      
1996 131,746 377 6.2
1997 148,302 356 5.3
1998 141,176 274 4.2
1999 136,025 267 3.8
2000 144,842 263 3.8
2001 146,470 319 5.1
2002 140,205 389 6.1
 
San Dimas District      
2003 423,673 428 5.2
2004 397,646 525 6.9
2005 507,529 497 7.4
2006 688,942 438 7.8
2007 685,162 341 6.3
2008 657,479 259 4.3
2009 673,311 247 5.4
2010 612,253 244 4.5

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7. GEOLOGICAL SETTING

The general geological setting of the San Dimas District is illustrated in Figure 6. Two major volcanic successions totalling approximately 3,500 m in thickness have been described, the Lower Volcanic Group ("LVG") and the Upper Volcanic Group ("UVG") separated by an erosional and depositional unconformity.

The LVG is of Eocene age predominantly composed of andesites and rhyolitic flows and tuffs and has been locally divided into five units (Figure 7). The LVG outcrops along the canyons formed by major westward drainage systems and has been intruded by younger members of the batholith complex of granitic to granodioritic composition. The Socavón rhyolite is the oldest volcanic unit in the district, its lower contact destroyed by the intrusion of the Piaxtla granite.

More than 700 m thick, the Socavón rhyolite is host for several productive veins in the district. Overlying the Socavón rhyolite is the 20 to 75 m thick, well-bedded Buelna andesite that is remarkably present throughout the area. The Buelna andesite is overlain by the Portal rhyolite, a grey, cream to purple coloured rock containing potassic feldspar and quartz cementing small (5 to 10 mm) volcanic rock fragments. It ranges in thickness from 50 to 250 m and is also prevalent throughout the district.

The overlying Productive Andesite is more than 750 m in thickness and has been divided into two varieties based on grain size, but of identical mineralogy. One variety is fragmental (varying from a lapilli tuff to a coarse agglomerate), the other has a porphyritic texture (1 to 2 mm plagioclase phenocrysts).

The overlying Camichin unit, composed of purple to red interbedded rhyolitic and andesite tuffs and flows, is more than 300 m thick. It is the host rock of most of the productive ore shoots of Patricia, Patricia 2, Santa Rita and other lesser veins in the Santa Rita Mine.

The Las Palmas Formation, at the top of the LVG, consists of green conglomerates at the base and red arkoses and shales at the top, with a total thickness of approximately 300 m. This unit outcrops extensively in the Tayoltita area. The lower contact between the LVG and the underlying Productive Andesite is unconformable.

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The predominant plutonic events in the district resulted in intrusion of the LVG by granitic to granodioritic intrusives, part of the Sinaloa composite batholith.

Other intrusives cutting the LVG include the Intrusive Andesite, the Elena aplite and the Santa Rita dacitic dikes. The even younger Bolaños rhyolite dike, and the basic dykes intrude both the LVG and UVG. Intrusive activity in the western portion of the Sierra Madre Occidental has been dated continuously from 102 to 43 million years.

The UVG overlies the eroded surface of the LVG unconformably. In the San Dimas District, the UVG is divided into a subordinate lower unit composed mainly of lavas of intermediate composition called Guarisamey Andesite and an upper unit called the Capping Rhyolite. The Capping Rhyolite is mainly composed of rhyolitic ash flows and air-fall tuffs and is up to 1,500 m thick in the eastern part of the district however within most of the district is about 1,000 m thick.

The San Dimas district lies within an area of complex normal faulting along the western edge of the Sierra Madre Occidental. Compressive forces first formed predominantly east-west and east-northeast tension gashes, that were later cut by transgressive north-northwest striking slip faults. The strike-slip movements caused the development of secondary north-northeast faults, with right lateral displacement.

Five major north-northwest-trending normal faults divide the district into five tilted fault blocks generally dipping 35° to the east (Figures 8 and 9). In most cases, the faults are post ore in age and offset both the LVG and UVG.

All major faults display northeast-southwest extension and dip from near vertical (Peña fault) to less than 55° (Guamuchil fault). Offsets on the blocks range from a downthrow of 150 m on the Peña and Arana faults, to more than 1,500 m on the Guamuchil fault.

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8. DEPOSIT TYPES

The deposits of the San Dimas district are high grade, silver-gold-epithermal vein deposits characterized by low sulphidation and adularia-sericitic alteration formed during the final stages of igneous and hydrothermal activity from quartz-monzonitic and andesitic intrusions.

As is common in epithermal deposits, the hydrothermal activity that produces the epithermal vein mineralization began a few million years after the intrusion of the closely associated plutonic rocks and several million years after the end of the volcanism that produced the rocks that host the hydrothermal systems. At San Dimas, based on age determinations, the average period between the end of late stage of plutonism and the hydrothermal activity is 2.1 million years, however hydrothermal activity continued for at least another 5.0 million years. Older veins appear more common in the eastern part of the district whereas younger veins are found in the western part.

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9. MINERALIZATION

The mineralization is typical of epithermal vein structures with banded and drusy textures. Within the district, the veins occupy east-west trending fractures except in southern part of Tayoltita where they strike mainly northeast and in the Santa Rita mine where they strike north-northwest. The veins were formed in two different systems. The east-west striking veins were the first system developed, followed by a second system of north-northeast striking veins. Veins pinch and swell and commonly exhibit bifurcation, horse-tailing and sigmoidal structures. The veins vary from a fraction of a centimetre in width to 15 m, but average 1.5 m. They have been followed underground from a few metres in strike-length to more than 1,500 m. Examples of veins with mineralization in the Favourable Zone extending over considerable distances are illustrated in the following three mined veins, each vein extending for more than 2,000 m, in the Tayoltita Mine, the San Luis Vein (Figure 10) and in the San Antonio Mine the Guadalupe Vein (Figure 11) and San Antonio Vein (Figure 12). Three major stages of mineralization have been recognized in the district:

1.     

An early stage.

2.     

An ore forming stage.

3.     

A late stage quartz.

Three distinct sub-stages of the ore forming stage also have been identified, each characterized by distinctive mineral assemblages with ore grade mineralization always occurring in the three sub-stages:

a)     

quartz-chlorite-adularia;

b)     

quartz-rhodonite; and,

c)     

quartz-calcite.

The minerals characteristic of the ore forming stage are composed mainly of white, to light grey, medium to coarse grained crystalline quartz with intergrowths of base metal sulphides (sphalerite, chalcopyrite and galena) as well as pyrite, argentite, polybasite, stromeyerite, native silver and electrum.

The ore shoots within the veins have variable strike lengths (5 to 600 m); however, most average 150 m in strike-length. Down-dip extensions of ore shoots are up to 200 m but are generally less than the strike length.

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10. EXPLORATION

Typical of epithermal systems, the silver and gold mineralization at the San Dimas District exhibits a vertical zone with a distinct top and bottom that Primero has termed the Favourable Zone (Figure 13). At the time of deposition, this Favourable Zone was deposited in a horizontal position paralleling the erosional surface of the LVG on which the UVG was extruded.

This favourable, or productive, zone at San Dimas is some 300 to 600 m in vertical extent and can be correlated, based both on stratigraphic and geochronologic relationships, from vein system to vein system and from fault block to fault block. Using this concept of the dip of the unconformity at the base of the UVG, Primero is able to infer the dip of the Favourable Zone and with considerable success explore and predict the Favourable Zone in untested areas.

At the Tayoltita deposit, Ag:Au ratios have been a useful exploration tool. In most of the veins, detailed studies have shown that Ag:Au ratios increase progressively within the ore zone with the contours strongly elongated along the strike of the vein. The horizontal elongations of the Ag:Au ratios are thought to represent the former flow path of the ore fluids which were subhorizontal at the time of the ore deposition suggesting ore shoots can be found along these possible fluid paths (see Figure 13).

Primero applies a 30% probability factor to the volume of the favourable zone to estimate the volume/tonnage of Inferred Mineral Resources that will later be discovered in the zone. For more than 30 years, Luismin/Primero has historically and successfully applied the 30% factor. The factor was originally developed by comparing the explored area of the active veins at that time (San Luis, Guadalupe, Cedral etc.) to the mined out area plus the Mineral Reserve area. After a review of numerous longitudinal vein sections for our August 2002 report, WGM concluded that the application of the 30% factor was justified.

Approximately US$6.0 million was spent during 2010 on exploration with 118 New holes drilled (approximately 42,000 m) and 315 m of exploration drifting completed. The majority of additional mineral reserves found during 2010 were in the Sinaloa Graben.

In the Central Block exploration (50 holes – 13,900 m) was focused on upgrading the inferred mineral resources to proven and probable mineral reserve categories and to expand the knowledge at depth of the mineralized system. Drilling indicated that the known mineralization extends to a depth of at least 150 m below the deepest current exploitation level.

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Twenty-nine holes (approximately 11,200 m) were drilled in 2010 in the Sinaloa Graben. Drilling was focused on upgrading a portion of the potential inferred mineral resource into the inferred category and to confirm that the mineralization (ore shoots) were a continuation of the ore shoots of the Central Block. The mineralization of the Sinaloa Graben remains open to the west and at depth.

Twenty three holes were drilled in 2010 in the Arana Hanging Wall to confirm the presence of large ore shoots suggested by previous results and although the drilling confirmed the presence of above average mineral grades the mineralization over narrow widths.

A 400 m x 400 m grid diamond program, over an area 1.5 km x 3.5 km, totalling 65 drill holes was begun in 2010 in the Arana Hanging Wall. Four drill holes were completed in 2010 on this potential high grade zone with 12 holes planned for 2011 (eight of the drill sites have been prepared ready to begin the drilling.

The Sinaloa Graben is a N-S trending block more than 7 km long by almost 2 km wide, bounded by two regional faults, Limoncito on the east and Sinaloa on the west (Figures 14 and 15) containing more than 10 veins of which only two, the San Juan and San Vicente veins have been mined with the remainder of the veins unexplored.

Table 4 lists the five drillholes and development on Arana-Julieta vein that confirm the presence of the mineralization and produced the resulting estimation of Mineral Reserves.

TABLE 4.
SINALOA GRABEN BLOCK, MINERAL RESERVES
(As of December 31, 2010)

Holes and Development  Tonnes  Au  Ag  True Width  Au  Ag 
    (g/t)  (g/t)  (m)  (oz)  (oz) 
DDH TGS S-22  57,777 6.81 958 8.56 9,840 1,034,319
DDH TGS S-15  50,768 8.08 403 7.52 13,192 657,201
DDH TGS S-07  15,087 4.17 191 2.24 2,022 92,661
DDH TGS 7-17  14,992 3.73 481 2.22 1,797 231,663
DDH PIL 7-01  19,589 16.00 508 2.90 10,077 320,112
Aranza-Julieta (2P)  50,784 5.43 484 2.06 8,865 789,492
Total  208,997 6.81 465   45,792 3,125,447

Based on San Dimas past production and knowledge of the Favourable Zone, an Inferred Mineral Resource of 6.8 million tonnes has been estimated in the first trimester of 2010 in the Sinaloa Graben to contain some 1.1 million oz Au and 82.1 million oz Ag. With the mine’s numerous years of developing Inferred Mineral Resources into Mineral Reserves these resources indicate a long life to the mine and encourages further exploration and development of other areas in the mine.

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11. DRILLING

Exploration of the Favourable Zone at San Dimas District is done both by diamond drilling and by underground development work. Diamond drilling is predominantly done from underground stations as both the rugged topography, (i.e. access to surface drill stations) and the great drilling distance from the surface locations to the target(s) makes surface drilling both challenging and expensive. All exploration drilling and the exploration underground development work is done in-house by Primero. Diamond drilling is of NQ/HQ size with excellent core recoveries (in the range of +95%) at a cost of approximately US$130/m.

Primero conducts a continuous program of exploration/development diamond drilling throughout the year at each of its mines with its own rigs. Twelve diamond drill rigs and crews are employed in the mines, of which four are contracted.

Given that the majority (70%) of the Favourable Zone is not mineralized and the magnitude of the number of mine vein workings, it is WGM's opinion that confirmatory diamond drilling was not warranted and Wheaton did not conduct any independent diamond drilling during its due diligence exercise in 2002. WGM also visited an operating diamond drill rig underground and observed the core handling, and, later at the core shack, examined the drill core in detail, the sample splitting by diamond sawing, the bagging, tagging and shipment to the mine assay laboratory. All operations, observed by WGM, were being done in a professional manner. Core boxes are well marked and stored and very detailed geological logging is carried out.

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12. SAMPLING METHOD AND APPROACH

Other than the control samples collected at the mill for material balance, two principal types of samples are collected daily from the mine workings:

1.     

Samples of the mineralized zones exposed by the mine workings.

2.     

Samples of the diamond drill core from the exploration/development drilling.

Samples are also collected but on a less routine basis, from mine cars and from the blasted rock pile in a stope.

Individual samples collected from a mineral shoot in certain veins can show considerable variation both vertically and horizontally in the vein as observed by samples from subsequent slices of the stope or from samples taken from the top of the pile of blasted rock in the stope compared to the samples from the back. Grade control in these veins is achieved in part by the considerable number of samples taken.

Drill core samples after being sawn in half are bagged, tagged and sent to the mine assay laboratory. Several hundreds of samples are collected and processed every month at the mine assay laboratories.

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13. SAMPLE PREPARATION, ANALYSES AND SECURITY

At each of the mines, the mine workings are sampled under the direction of the Geological Department initially across the vein, at 1.5 m intervals. Splits are also taken along the sample line to reflect geological changes. No sample length is greater than 1.5 m. Once the ore block has been outlined and the mining of the block begins the sample line spacing may be increased to 3.0 m. Sampling is done by chip-channel (the channel approximately 10 cm wide), cut across the vein. Sample chips of similar size are collected on a canvas sheet then broken into smaller sized fragments, coned and quartered to produce a 1 to 2 kg sample, which is sent for fire assay to the mine assay laboratory. Sampled intervals are clearly marked on the underground rock faces with spray paint.

Samples are crushed, homogenized, ground and split at the mine assay laboratory to produce a 10 g representative pulp sample for fire assaying. Routine quality control is carried out with every tenth sample repeated as a check assay done at the mine assay laboratory, and check assays between the SGS laboratories in Durango. Routine assaying of standards is also carried out at the mine assay laboratory.

WGM reviewed all the steps in the sample handling at the Tayoltita mine assay laboratory from the initial recording and control of the numbers of incoming samples through the crushing, splitting, grinding and collecting of a subsample for fire assay. This is followed by the preparation for fire assay and cupellation and the weighing of the silver-gold and gold beads.

The procedures used by Primero's assay laboratories are those originally introduced by the former American mine owners. Certain steps have through time have become somewhat slack and could be improved i.e. more rolling of the pulp sample to be better homogenized, better control of the dust, rock chips in the crushing-grinding area.

In order to monitor the quality of the assay results of the Tayoltita mine laboratory, Primero every three months sends a series of blanks, standard and duplicate samples to the commercial laboratory SGS in Durango Mexico. A total of 728 samples were sent for comparative analysis in 2010.

The Tayoltita results, particularly during the first and fourth quarters of 2010 showed differences of some concern of the assay results with those of the SGS laboratory and particularly those of the gold assay results of the blank and standard samples. These differences could be due to the weighing of the sample; the method of analysis; a human error; or contamination of the sample at the start of the assaying process; or a combination of them.

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WGM noted during the visit to the Tayoltita laboratory that the Primary Crusher was contained in the same room as that of the further processing (grinding and splitting etc.) and WGM suggested that the dust from the Primary Crusher might be contaminating the sample and the cause of the differences. Primero plans to relocate and separate the Primary Crusher from the grinding of the samples.

WGM recommends that Primero continue and closely monitor the program of sending the samples to the SGS laboratory to ensure that the quality of the Tayoltita assaying neither over or under the estimates the mineral reserves. WGM believes, however, that the sample preparation, analysis and security process is without any serious problems.

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14. DATA VERIFICATION

WGM did not collect any individual samples to verify the silver-gold mineralization at the Primero mines. However, WGM did observe the gold-silver beads in the crucibles as taken from the fire assay furnace and their subsequent weighing. WGM also observed the pouring of numerous doré bars and receipts of payment from the sale of the doré bars.

WGM did not independently sample or assay any of the mineralization at the mines but is satisfied that the mines are producing silver and gold.

Starting in September 2005, the mine laboratory has been sending on a regular basis (monthly or trimonthly), an approximate average of 70 duplicate samples per month to a commercial laboratory (SGS or Chemex). The samples are analyzed for their Au and Ag contents to check the analytical results of the Tayoltita mine laboratory. Samples are analyzed at the commercial laboratories using the same analytical procedures as the mine laboratory. Primero plans to continue to monitor its mine assay results. WGM recommends that blind mine standards (high, medium low grade) and blind blanks be introduced into the analytical stream process.

In 2000, Luismin sent a suite of 199 samples (approximately 40 from each deposit) to three laboratories, DMC Durango, Bondar Clegg and Barringer, for check assays for silver and gold. These samples were also assayed at the Tayoltita, San Antonio and San Martin laboratories. In general, there was good correlation between the San Dimas laboratories and the outside laboratories and between the San Dimas laboratories.

As part of the verification of the reported precious metal production by Luismin, a review was carried out by WGM of the reported silver and gold ounces of production from the Luismin mining (smelting) operation and compared to the reported settlement of ounces for silver and gold. There was excellent agreement between the reported metal production (ounces) and the settlement (ounces) by the refinery.

Experience at the mine has shown considerable variation in grade within the mineralized shoots of the veins, and sampling of the muck piles is not routinely carried out.

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15. ADJACENT PROPERTIES

Exploration over the past few years has been concentrated on finding new Mineral Resources/Mineral Reserves in the immediate area of the present mine workings. Primero holds a very large land position around the present/past mine workings and as such there are no adjacent properties. More than 120 mineralized veins are known within the San Dimas district land holdings.

Tunnels driven to provide better access to the numerous producing mines continually cross-cut and discover new veins. In a helicopter flight over the land holdings surrounding the mines, WGM observed untested, relatively unknown, extensively hydrothermally altered areas characteristic of epithermal vein mineralization. These lands hold promise for future exploration.

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16. MINING OPERATIONS

16.1  GENERAL 

The mines of Primero in the San Dimas district consist of three underground gold and silver mining operations at Tayoltita, Central Block and Santa Rita. With the current and near term mine plans, the Central Block is scheduled to provide the San Dimas mine production. Production is programmed to come from: 10 veins (35 stopes) in the Central Block. With completion of the San Luis Tunnel, development of the Central Block has evolved to connect with the San Antonio mining area. This mining area is characterized by veins that dip 75° with variable widths and is currently being developed as an important mining area for San Dimas. The typical mining operations employ mechanized cut-and-fill mining with primary access provided by adits and internal ramps from an extensive tunnel system through the steep mountainous terrain. All milling operations are now carried out at a central milling facility at Tayoltita. The ore processing is by conventional cyanidation followed by zinc precipitation of the silver and gold followed by refining to doré.

The San Antonio Mill operation was put into care and maintenance in November 2003 with all milling consolidated to the Tayoltita Mill and all former San Antonio mine production considered part of the Central Block Mine operation.

San Dimas, the largest centre of Primero operations, is located on the border of Durango and Sinaloa States. The district is characterized by the very rugged terrain of the Sierra Madre Occidental mountains with steep walled canyons and high mountain peaks which has presented challenges to the establishment of mining operations and haulage routes, mill sites and tailings management areas.

The production of the three mines of Primero's San Dimas Mining operations in 2010 was 612,253 tonnes at 4.5 g Au/t and 244 g Ag/t.

16.2  GROUND SUPPORT FOR MINING 

The ground conditions throughout most of the San Dimas operations are good. Routine operations do not employ rockbolting or any other ground support with any regular pattern. In wider stopes where the veins are flat lying, some split sets are used and low-grade pillars are left for support. Apart from some minor problem areas, no bolting is used in the main haulage ramps and drifts. In areas that require ground support, steel arches and lagging has been used as well as shotcrete and screening. Primero now employs a rock mechanics engineer to review ground conditions and mine planning on an ongoing basis.

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16.3  GRADE CONTROL 

Grade control in the San Dimas operations is difficult to manage because of the inherent dilution of narrow vein mining. Additionally, the veins at San Dimas pinch and swell and have significant variation in grade over relatively short distances. Dilution is also added by uncemented waste rock that is used to backfill the stopes and used as a working base for subsequent cuts. Fill lines are marked by paint for reference while mucking on top of fill to reduce dilution. Chip sampling is completed at regular intervals across the back as headings are advanced. Mine geologists also mark grades directly on the stope walls to guide the mining advance. The visibility of the vein contacts and to a lesser extent the higher grade ore zones help to guide grade control within each stope.

During 2004, the operations at San Dimas mill throughput had to be reduced to maintain high recoveries from the higher grade ore being processed. The reduced milling rate ensured that the leach extraction and metal recoveries from solution could be optimized with the limited capacity limitation of this part of the mill circuit. This has provided the mining operations the opportunity to blend the ores to a more uniform grade and produce for a more stable mill operation. At the end of August 2004, the Tayoltita Mill operation was processing ores at gold and silver grades of 6.9 g/t and 524 g/t which are 60% and 36% higher than plan respectively.

High grade gold and silver ores continued to be mined in the years 2005 and 2006 that required continued blending of the ore for the mill, however with most of the production now coming from the Central Block blending of the ores is not required and is fed directly to the mill.

16.4  OPERATIONS WORKFORCE 

Primero employs a combination of union and contracted workforce at the San Dimas operations with a total current workforce as of December 2010 of 1,099 with 679 at Tayoltita of which 236 are contracted, and 420 in the Central Block of which approximately 267 are contracted.

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16.5  DISCUSSION 

WGM regards the diligence and work ethic of the Primero management team as major contributors to the success of the Primero operations. Their efforts are evident in the general order and cleanliness of the mines and mills and a testament to well run operations. Over the past 12 years the operations have made significant improvements in productivity. Over the past seven years the accident frequency per 1,000,000 man-hours has been reduced from an index of 8.53 in year 2004 to 2.14 in year 2009 and 1.62 in year 2010. There has been considerable progress, since the initial site visits in 2002, in the introduction of international guidelines throughout the operations.

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17. MILLING OPERATIONS

17.1 GENERAL

The San Dimas district now has one milling facility at Tayoltita to process the production from the three active mining areas in San Dimas. The Tayoltita Mill has a conventional process flowsheet that employs cyanidation and zinc precipitation for recovery of the gold and silver. The mill currently has an installed capacity of 2,100 tpd (SG 3.7, Wi 14.7 kW-Hr/T)

In 2010, the mill averaged 1,806 tpd (339 days of operations).

The following summarizes the performance of the San Dimas milling operations during 2009.

Tonnes milled 612,253
Grade Ag (g/t) 244
Grade Au (g/t) 4.46
Recovery (Ag) 94.0
Recovery (Au) 97.4
Oz (Au) 85,429
Oz (Ag) 4,532,006

 

17.2 TAYOLTITA MILL

The Tayoltita mill presently employs two-stage crushing and two ball mills (12' x 14') that can operate simultaneously or separately to achieve 70% to 75% passing 200 mesh. Leaching is completed in a series of tanks providing 72 hours of leach residence time. The pregnant solution is recovered in a counter current decant ("CCD") circuit with the gold and silver recovered from solution in a zinc precipitation circuit. Two pumping systems have been installed to transport the high density tailings (53% solids) slurry to a box canyon 1,847 m east and up 125 m from the mill site for permanent disposal. The first principle pumping system is a Putzmeister piston pump while the second system, three Geho (piston diaphram pumps) is only used during the maintenance of the Putzmeister pump. Refining uses an induction furnace to produce 1,000 oz silver and gold doré bars (average 98% pure).

The Tayoltita Mill has undergone a series of plant expansions over its operating life which has resulted in two small ball mills in parallel as well as a series of small tanks in the leaching and CCD circuit. An expansion at Tayoltita in 2003 increased the nominal capacity to 2,350 tpd to replace the capacity required for shutdown of the San Antonio Mill. Currently the Tayoltita Mill's capacity is 2,100 tpd.

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The 2,100 tpd expansion since 2003 included a new cone crusher and dust collection/system and the installation of a 1,000 hp ball mill providing two stage grinding and the Putzmeister tailings pump (Figure 16). The expansion retrofitted a number of existing tanks for higher capacity for solid liquid separation. Included in the expansion was increased automation and process controls as well as a general upgrade of the plant power distribution and control system.

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18. MINERAL RESOURCE AND MINERAL RESERVE ESTIMATES

18.1 GENERAL

The Proven and Probable Mineral Reserves, estimated by Primero as of December 31, 2010 for the three operating mines in the San Dimas District, Tayoltita, Santa Rita and San Antonio/Central Block are 5.88 million tonnes at 332 g Ag/t and 4.69 g Au/t.

Similarly an Inferred Mineral Resource, separately reported and estimated by Primero, is about 16.853 million tonnes at an approximate grade of 330 g Ag/t and 3.67 g Au/t. Inferred Mineral Resources are not known with the same degree of certainty as Proven and Probable Mineral Reserves and do not have demonstrated economic viability.

WGM reviewed the estimation methods used by Primero and found them reasonable, and believes that the above Mineral Reserve and Mineral Resource estimates fairly represent the Mineral Reserve/Mineral Resource potential.

WGM is not aware of any environmental, permitting legal, title, tax, socio-economic, marketing or any other relevant issue that might materially affect the Mineral Reserve and Mineral Resource estimates.

18.2 PRIMERO APPROACH

Rather than calculating Mineral Resources/Mineral Reserves over a minimum mining width and then applying corrections for dilution and mine losses to determine Mineral Reserves, Primero estimates the reserve in each of the underground mining blocks by using the conventional mining block estimation methods for underground mines and later applying a tonnage and grade correction to determine Mineral Reserves. The minimum mining width is 0.9 m; however, on occasion where very high grade values are encountered over intervals less than 0.9 m, the minimum mining width is calculated to 0.9 m, using zero grade gold and silver values for the additional width required to meet 0.9 m.

Primero's practice is to apply gold and silver correction factors to the grades as estimated for the in situ mineralization to correlate with the head grades of the mill feed. The correction factors account for losses in gold and silver values in the cut-and-fill mining method as well as for dilution.

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18.3 PAH AUDIT

Luismin had retained Pincock, Allen and Holt ("PAH") on three occasions to audit the reserves and resources of the operations. PAH visited the three mines of San Dimas and the San Martin mines in December 1999. PAH has produced three reports1 dated September 1998, April 2000 and January 2001 reporting on Luismin Resource/Reserve estimates dated June 30, 1998, December 31, 1999 and October 31, 2000.

PAH’s approach to audit the Mineral Reserves was to:

  • review the parameters used to estimate resources and reserves;

  • review the methods of estimation and classification;

  • check calculations of grade, width and/or tonnage on individual blocks of reserves; and,

  • review the predicted reserves against production for the same areas on an annual basis.

The results of PAH’s audit found no significant errors in calculation of the Mineral Reserves.

PAH also reviewed Luismin’s estimate of Inferred Resources and stated:

"Based on a historical review of the tonnage of material that was originally estimated as…[Inferred Resources]…and the tonnage of material that was ultimately mined or defined as mineable reserves, it is PAH’s opinion that there is a high probability that further exploration and mine development will convert a substantial amount of these resources into mineable reserves."

PAH’s statement of Inferred Resources in the January 2001 report is essentially equivalent to the statement of Inferred Resources in this report. While there are minor discrepancies between the PAH and the WGM reports, in our opinion these are not material.

18.4 VOLUME ESTIMATE

The sample data are posted on level plans, and a geologist defines the limits of mineralization across and along the vein to determine the block lengths for mining and Mineral Reserve estimation. The data are then transferred to longitudinal sections and the volume of the block is calculated based on the average mineralized width of the vein and the measured longitudinal area (corrected for the dip of the vein).

 

1Reports included audit of the previous owned and operated La Guitarra Mine.

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18.5 TREATMENT OF HIGH GRADE ASSAYS

Cutting of high grade values is sometimes carried out by the geologist estimating the tonnage and grade of a block. Primero informed us that the rule for the cutting of high grade silver values, i.e. those greater than 350 g Ag/t, is to average the high grade value with the silver values of the samples immediately adjacent on either side of the high grade sample, i.e. the average of three sample values. If the high grade value of the sample is equal to, or greater than three times the average then both the silver and gold values of the high grade sample are cut in half.

18.6 TONNAGE FACTOR

The tonnage factor for the mines that use the metric system is to multiply the volume in cubic metres by 2.7 (SG) to give tonnes and similarly in the mines using the English system to divide the volume, in cubic feet, by 13 to give tonnes. WGM believes that these factors are reasonable.

18.7 DILUTION

Prior to October 2000, an empirical dilution curve was applied to correct the silver and gold values at the mines of the San Dimas District. The curve was developed from years of experience measuring the head grade in the mill at the Tayoltita mine. However, as the silver grades mined decreased, a statistical study in 1999 showed that the empirical dilution curve was no longer appropriate. The 1999 statistical study was based on more than 12,000 data entries from the various mines compared to the head grades of the mill. The results indicated the need to apply the following new correction factors to both silver and gold values.

Since November 2000, grade corrections of -15%, or 0.85 by silver grade, and –5%, or 0.95 by gold grade, have been applied. The adjustments incorporate, in WGM's opinion, grade differences due principally to dilution and to mining losses but also correct, according to Primero, other factors that affect the results of the silver and gold assays, namely: 1) the collecting and splitting of the samples; 2) grinding contamination in the assay lab; 3) contamination during the cupellation of samples with very high values in silver and gold; and, 4) weighing errors in determining the gold and silver grades of the samples. A tonnage mining dilution of 10% is applied after the grade correction.

To account for narrow veins, an additional dilution factor of 10% (at zero grade) is also applied to blocks less than 5,000 tonnes at the San Dimas mines.

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Primero does not apply a mining recovery factor but since the reserve tonnes balance well with the tonnage mined, WGM estimates that mining recovery is already included in the estimation.

18.8 CUTOFF GRADE

The calculation of the minimum cutoff grade is based on market metal prices (adjusted monthly) for gold and silver metal recovered in the mill and the average monthly production costs for mining/milling/overhead etc., to produce a minimum dollar per tonne cutoff grade. The same cutoff grade is applied to each of the mining areas in the San Dimas district. The cutoff grade, for estimation of reserves at the San Dimas mines, as of December 31, 2010, was US$99.84/t.

18.9 CLASSIFICATION OF RESERVES

The terminology used by Primero to designate Measured and Indicated Mineral Resources and Proven and Probable Mineral Reserves is in general agreement with the CIM Standards as adopted in NI 43-101. Primero’s Mineral Resource categories "potential resource" and "drill inferred resource" would, under the CIM Standards, be called Inferred Mineral Resources. We have used the term Inferred Mineral Resources for this material throughout this report.

The following criteria are used by Primero to classify Proven and Probable Mineral Reserves. The distance for vertical projections for Proven Mineral Reserves and Probable Mineral Reserves is a function of the length of the block, defined as follows:

Block Length Maximum Vertical Projection Maximum Vertical Projection
  for Proven Mineral Reserves for Probable Mineral Reserves
Less than 15 m (50 ft) 4 m (12 ft) 8 m (24 ft)
15 to 45 m (50 to 148 ft) 8 m (24 ft) 16 m (52 ft)
45 to 85 m (148 to 279 ft) 16 m (52 ft) 32 m (105 ft)
Greater than 85 m (279 ft) 20 m (65 ft) 40 m (135 ft)

Blocks are adjusted to reflect faults, old workings and/or vein intersections.

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Primero also estimates Probable Mineral Reserves by diamond drilling. A square is drawn on the vertical longitudinal section with the drillhole centered on the square. The shape and size of the block depends upon the geological interpretation with the maximum size of the block based on the thickness of the vein as follows:

Vein Thickness Size of Block
Less than 1.0 m 25 x 25 m
1.0 to 1.5 m 35 x 35 m
Greater than 1.5 m 50 x 50 m

 

Drillhole blocks, based on drillhole assays 50 m or less from underground workings, are classified as "probable reserves from drilling". If the drillhole assays are more than 50 m from sampled underground workings or adjacent drillholes, the block is classified as Inferred Resources.

Primero also estimates Inferred Mineral Resources based on the geological interpretation of partially explored veins and the vertical extent of the "Favourable Zone" of the epithermal mineralization. An average grade is determined from the average metal values of widely spaced samples collected variously, when present, from outcrops, widely spaced drillholes and underground workings.

Past mining experience shows that economic mineralization is confined to an epithermal zone with a distinct top and bottom called the Favourable Zone and that mineralization within a vein in the Favourable Zone is very irregular but statistically occupies 30% of vein in the zone. The extent of extrapolation of an individual vein in the Favourable Zone is based on structural and stratigraphic relationships supported by geochemical trace element studies and fluid inclusion studies. The extrapolation of a particular vein is based on various individual criteria, e.g. the height of the Favourable Zone, the knowledge of the structure and its extension through the interception of the structure in underground workings, by surface exposure and/or by intersection with diamond drillholes. The strength, width and character of the individual vein determine the geological confidence in the distance of the extrapolation of the vein.

A total of more than 100 veins, at Tayoltita, San Antonio and Santa Rita (Figure 17), comprise the Inferred Mineral Resource of the San Dimas District. The various veins and the corresponding length, width and height projected are used to determine the total volume/tonnage of the Favourable Zone and ultimately the 30% of the total tonnage figure represents the Inferred Mineral Resources.

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18.10 RECONCILIATION BETWEEN RESERVES AND PRODUCTION

The most useful test of a Mineral Reserve estimate at an operating mine is a review of the tonnes and grade predicted by the reserve estimate against the results of production from the same area. Reconciliation between the reserves of the Tayoltita/Santa Rita mines and the San Antonio mine, and production from the same areas for the period 1978 to 2010 is shown on Tables 5 and 6. In November 2003, the mill at San Antonio was closed and all milling operations from the three mines are now carried out at the Tayoltita mill. However the reconciliation between the two mill/mine operations showed very close agreement and the same is expected at the Tayoltita mill.

18.11 DISCUSSION

Primero does not include the Inferred Mineral Resources in its Mineral Reserve Estimate. The Inferred Mineral Resources are targets to develop additional reserves. To determine how successful they had been in converting Inferred Mineral Resources into Mineral Reserves, Mine geologists studied a number of veins in each of the four mines. It is important to note that the study did not include all the veins that were mined during the period and thus the mine production for the same period will be greater. Table 7 illustrates the percentage of the resources that have been successfully transferred into reserves from selected veins, at each of the mines, over the 20 year period (1979 to 1998). Luismin records, over the 20 year period, show that follow-up exploration has converted on average almost 90% of the Inferred Mineral Resources into Mineral Reserves.

The Inferred Mineral Resources of the San Dimas District as of December 31, 2010 as estimated by Primero and reviewed by WGM are shown in Table 8. Tables 9, 10 and 11 give the breakdown of the individual veins summarized in Table 8.

During WGM’s review of Primero’s Resource/Reserve estimation procedures, a detailed step-by-step estimation of a block by WGM produced a similar tonnage and grade estimate to that produced by Primero.

Recent exploration of five veins along the San Fernando Tunnel (Figure 18) in the area known as the Central Block has outlined more than 2.1 million tonnes of Mineral Reserves containing significant gold and silver values. Figures 19 through 23 illustrate the Mineral Reserve blocks along longitudinal sections of the five veins.

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TABLE 5.
RECONCILIATION BETWEEN PREDICTED RESERVES AND ACTUAL PRODUCTION TAYOLTITA -SANTA RITA
(1978-2010)

YEAR   TONNES     SILVER GRADE   GOLD GRADE SILVER CONTENT   GOLD CONTENT
      Variance g Ag/t Variance g Au/t Variance Contained oz Variance Contained oz Variance
  Predicted Actual % Predicted Actual  % Predicted Actual  % Predicted Actual % Predicted Actual %
1978 156,000 159,628 2.30% 400 404 1.00% 7.00 7.10 1.40% 2,006,207 2,073,424 3.4% 35,109 36,438 3.8%
1979 156,000 161,428 3.50% 400 395 -1.30% 7.00 6.50 -7.10% 2,006,207 2,050,094 2.2% 35,109 33,735 -3.9%
1980 162,000 162,290 0.2 390 381 -2.3 6.40 6.40 0 2,031,284 1,987,991 -2.1% 33,334 33,394 0.2%
1981 162,000 155,837 -3.8 390 468 20 6.40 7.80 21.9 2,031,284 2,344,845 15.4% 33,334 39,080 17.2%
1982 162,000 158,163 -2.4 390 483 23.8 6.40 7.70 20.3 2,031,284 2,456,121 20.9% 33,334 39,155 17.5%
1983 195,000 176,643 -9.4 383 422 10.2 6.50 6.90 6.2 2,401,179 2,396,661 -0.2% 40,751 39,187 -3.8%
1984 216,000 200,256 -7.3 396 424 7.1 6.30 6.60 4.8 2,750,047 2,729,915 -0.7% 43,751 42,493 -2.9%
1985 202,800 197,864 -2.4 422 433 2.6 5.30 6.30 18.9 2,751,513 2,754,561 0.1% 34,557 40,077 16.0%
1986 236,300 222,295 -5.9 396 423 6.8 5.77 6.20 8.8 3,008,500 3,023,206 0.5% 43,836 44,311 1.1%
1987 224,055 200,323 -10.6 348 310 -10.9 3.90 3.93 -6.7 2,506,831 1,996,596 -20.4% 28,094 25,311 -9.9%
1988 222,520 256,756 1.9 346 319 -7.8 3.67 4.38 -10.3 2,475,348 2,325,665 -6.0% 26,256 36,156 37.7%
1989 224,475 254,142 -0.1 312 262 -16 3.33 3.95 -8.6 2,251,716 1,888,088 -16.1% 24,033 32,275 34.3%
1990 229,607 214,025 -6.8 287 248 -13.6 2.50 3.58 -2.9 2,118,645 1,706,530 -19.5% 18,455 24,634 33.5%
1991 149,760 158,120 5.6 335 275 -17.9 2.90 3.33 -16.5 1,612,990 1,398,032 -13.3% 13,963 16,929 21.2%
1992 234,685 237,580 1.2 341 311 -8.8 2.26 3.49 5.8 2,572,947 2,375,571 -7.7% 17,052 26,658 56.3%
1993 293,885 297,581 1.3 285 303 6.3 2.90 3.32 -6.5 2,692,858 2,898,982 7.7% 27,401 31,764 15.9%
1994 300,150 300,711 0.2 307 286 -6.8 2.30 2.95 -10.5 2,962,565 2,765,114 -6.7% 22,195 28,521 28.5%
1995 303,891 323,803 6.6 315 301 -4.4 2.00 3.06 -5.9 3,077,652 3,133,611 1.8% 19,541 31,856 63.0%
1996 334,225 339,704 1.6 311 312 0.3 1.90 3.30 4.1 3,341,877 3,407,634 2.0% 20,417 36,042 76.5%
1997 366,206 368,069 0.5 306 299 -2.3 2.20 3.32 -0.2 3,602,782 3,538,328 -1.8% 25,902 39,288 51.7%
1998 388,163 401,743 3.5 274 264 -3.6 1.85 3.06 -5.1 3,419,446 3,409,975 -0.3% 23,088 39,524 71.2%
1999 414,400 428,386 3.4 294 278 -5.4 2.37 3.05 2.7 3,917,042 3,828,933 -2.2% 31,576 42,007 33.0%
2000 432,690 439,590 1.6 288 274 -4.9 2.50 3.12 1.4 4,006,457 3,868,390 -3.4% 34,778 44,095 26.8%
2001 440,720 385,660 -12.5 273 299 9.7 2.33 3.55 18.9 3,868,268 3,706,692 -4.2% 33,015 44,017 33.3%
2002 330,225 313,145 -5.2 350 363 3.1 3.94 3.80 9.5 3,715,943 3,634,536 -2.2% 41,831 38,271 -8.5%
2003 513,296 423,673 -17.46 353 428 21.10 3.60 5.20 44.44 5,827,157 5,824,513 0.0% 59,410 70,831 19.2%
2004 530,913 397,647 -25.10 385 525 36.47 4.32 6.90 59.72 6,571,662 6,717,055 2.2% 73,739 88,214 19.6%
2005 662,264 507,529 -23.36 371 497 34.19 4.27 7.40 73.30 7,890,921 8,114,662 2.8% 90,918 120,749 32.8%
2006 709,800 688,942 -2.94 450 438 -2.62 6.00 7.76 29.35 10,269,271 9,706,131 -5.5% 136,924 171,906 25.5%
2007 724,500 685,162 -5.43 405 341 -15.93 6.95 6.27 -9.76 9,433,753 7,500,695 -20.5% 161,888 138,163 -14.7%
2008 720,353 657,479 -8.73 335 259 -22.63 6.30 4.25 -32.54 7,758,563 5,479,084 -29.4% 145,907 89,838 -38.4%
2009 605,000 673,311 11.29 300 247 -17.53 5.21 5.35 2.58 5,835,362 5,355,786 -8.2% 101,385 115,748 14.2%
2010 668,126 612,253 -0.08 240 244 1.7 5.21 4.46 -14.4 5,155,459 4,803,065 -6.8% 111,916 87,794 -21.6%

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TABLE 6.
RECONCILIATION BETWEEN PREDICTED RESERVES AND ACTUAL PRODUCTION – SAN ANTONIO (1987-2002)

YEAR TONNES     SILVER GRADE   GOLD GRADE SILVER CONTENT GOLD CONTENT
      Variance g Ag/t Variance g Au/t Variance Contained oz Variance Contained oz Variance
  Predicted Actual % Predicted  Actual % Predicted Actual  % Predicted Actual % Predicted Actual  %
1987 50,416 35,136 -30.3% 305 287 -5.9% 5.60 5.80 3.6% 494,386 324,214 -34.4% 9,077 6,552 -27.8%
1988 93,000 88,795 -4.5% 309 286 -7.4% 7.80 6.54 -16.2% 923,930 816,493 -11.6% 23,323 18,671 -19.9%
1989 90,000 92,855 3.2% 315 260 -17.5% 6.80 8.40 23.5% 911,488 776,205 -14.8% 19,677 25,077 27.4%
1990 90,000 94,568 5.1% 287 221 -23.0% 6.70 7.37 10.0% 830,467 671,946 -19.1% 19,387 22,408 15.6%
1991 90,000 91,827 2.0% 324 338 4.3% 5.80 5.72 -1.4% 937,530 997,895 6.4% 16,783 16,887 0.6%
1992 97,000 94,386 -2.7% 360 364 1.1% 5.80 6.00 3.4% 1,122,721 1,104,604 -1.6% 18,088 18,208 0.7%
1993 93,564 63,025 -32.6% 351 358 2.0% 5.60 5.30 -5.4% 1,055,878 725,427 -31.3% 16,846 10,740 -36.2%
1994 93,185 90,235 -3.2% 340 359 5.6% 5.10 5.90 15.7% 1,018,645 1,041,519 2.2% 15,280 17,117 12.0%
1995 98,286 114,201 16.2% 373 359 -3.8% 6.30 6.20 -1.6% 1,178,686 1,318,142 11.8% 19,908 22,765 14.3%
1996 115,913 131,747 13.7% 381 366 -3.9% 6.10 6.04 -1.0% 1,419,890 1,550,314 9.2% 22,733 25,584 12.5%
1997 138,688 148,302 6.9% 385 333 -13.5% 5.80 5.17 -10.9% 1,716,712 1,587,775 -7.5% 25,862 24,651 -4.7%
1998 144,000 141,176 -2.0% 386 259 -32.9% 5.70 4.03 -29.3% 1,787,094 1,175,597 -34.2% 26,390 18,292 -30.7%
1999 132,188 136,025 2.9% 261 251 -3.8% 3.40 3.43 0.9% 1,109,252 1,097,716 -1.0% 14,450 15,001 3.8%
2000 134,990 144,840 7.3% 267 263 -1.5% 3.60 3.75 4.2% 1,158,806 1,224,735 5.7% 15,624 17,463 11.8%
2001 152,720 146,470 -4.1% 315 334 6.0% 3.65 5.07 38.9% 1,546,693 1,572,870 1.7% 17,922 23,876 33.2%
2002 154,267 140,205 -9.1% 309 389 25.9% 5.08 6.14 20.9% 1,532,601 1,753,520 14.4% 25,196 27,678 9.8%
Total 1,768,217 1,753,793 0.8% 320 315 -4.6% 5.39 5.51 2.3% 18,744,779 17,738,971 -5.4% 306,546 310,969 1.4%

 

TABLE 7.
LUISMIN, S.A. de C.V. OPERATING MINES
INFERRED MINERAL RESOURCES TRANSFORMED INTO MINERAL RESERVES (1979-1998)

Mine Inferred Mineral Grade Production2 Grade Actual Grade Production & Transfer4
  Resources1           Reserves3     Actual Reserves  
    (g Ag/t) (g Au/t) (t) (g Ag/t) (g Au/t) (t) (g Ag/t) (g Au/t)   (%)
Tayoltita 4,300,000 406 3.8 3,201,919 419 4.22 633,000 307 2.69 3,835,000 89
Santa Rita 900,000 336 3.4 479,646 440 2.84 340,000 381 2.73 819,000 91
San Antonio 2,100,000 336 4.8 1,162,752 334 5.67 349,000 223 2.52 1,511,000 72
San Martin* 1,200,000 45 3.7 899,583 43 3.34 1,065,000 45 3.46 1,965,000 164
La Guitarra** 800,000 350 3.0 466,952 246 3.27 363,000 292 2.96 830,000 104
Total 9,300,000 330 3.9 6,210,900 337 4.18 2,750,000 202 3.00 8,961,000 96
1. Inferred Mineral Resources at the beginning of the project of veins selected for study. * San Martin Mine (previously owned Luismin Mine).
2. Not the total production from the mines for the period. * La Guitarra mine (a previously owned Luismin mine).
3. Reserves of the veins analyzed for Tayoltita, Santa Rita and San Antonio, does not include total reserves for those mines.
4. Percentage of resources transformed into reserves.
5. Figures rounded.

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TABLE 8.
PRIMERO EMPRESA MINERA, S.A. de C.V.
SAN DIMAS MINING DISTRICT INFERRED RESOURCES
(As of December 31, 2010)
Mines Metric Tonnes Ag (g/t) Au (g/t) oz Ag oz Au oz Au Eq.
Tayoltita 6,765,463 306 2.90 66,618,346 631,718 1,661,274
Santa Rita 3,495,437 336 2.30 37,704,923 258,918 841,630
San Antonio 6,591,161 351 5.17 74,350,842 1,095,825 2,244,883
TOTAL 16,852,060 330 3.67 178,674,110 1,986,460 4,747,787

TABLE 9.
PRIMERO EMPRESA MINERA, S.A. de C.V., TAYOLTITA MINE INFERRED RESOURCES
(As of December 31, 2010)
Vein Longitude Height (F.Z.) Wide Density Probability Metric Ag Au Ounces Ounces
  (m) (m) (m) 2.7 30% Tonnes (g/t) (g/t) (oz Ag) (oz Au) (oz Au Eq.)
Tayoltita                      
Arana 500 250 2.50 2.70 0.30 253,125 278 2.80 2,262,443 22,787 57,752
Arana Centro-Norte 268 150 2.00 2.70 0.30 65,223 314 2.20 658,458 4,613 14,790
Veta de Crucero 200 100 1.20 2.70 0.30 116,640 306 3.46 1,147,537 12,975 30,710
Vetas Tipo Manto 3 200 100 1.50 2.70 0.30 72,900 250 2.50 585,956 5,860 14,915
Veta 27-317 300 150 1.50 2.70 0.30 54,675 264 2.00 464,077 3,516 10,688
Veta San Luis 200 150 1.50 2.70 0.30 36,450 358 5.10 419,545 5,977 12,461
Veta 15-207 350 150 1.50 2.70 0.30 63,788 251 1.87 514,767 3,835 11,791
Maria Elena 250 100 1.50 2.70 0.30 30,375 248 1.80 242,195 1,758 5,501
Veta 27-326 375 150 1.50 2.70 0.30 68,344 258 2.10 566,913 4,614 13,376
Veta 22-930 200 150 1.50 2.70 0.30 36,450 232 1.97 271,884 2,309 6,511
Veta 27-312 309 150 1.50 2.70 0.30 56,315 233 1.65 421,871 2,987 9,507
Veta 27-328 350 150 1.50 2.70 0.30 63,788 223 1.44 457,339 2,953 10,021
Arana del Bajo 200 150 1.50 2.70 0.30 36,450 253 3.34 296,494 3,914 8,496
Ramaleos Este de Arana 100 150 1.50 2.70 0.30 18,225 319 3.20 186,920 1,875 4,764
Veta Nueva 200 150 1.50 2.70 0.30 36,450 182 1.60 213,288 1,875 5,171
Veta 25-300 133 150 1.50 2.70 0.30 24,239 297 2.84 231,459 2,213 5,790
Veta 25-065 200 100 1.50 2.70 0.30 24,300 296 1.95 231,257 1,523 5,097
Sistema 25-830 (Alto Arana) 500 200 1.50 2.70 0.30 121,500 300 2.50 1,171,913 9,766 27,877
Subtotal           1,179,237 273 2.51 10,344,316 95,352 255,219
 
Alto Arana Norte Tayoltita Tunel            
Cedral Este 500 350 2.00 2.70 0.30 283,500 262 1.50 2,388,098 13,672 50,579
Culebra (Alto de Arana) 400 150 1.50 2.70 0.30 72,900 299 2.80 700,804 6,563 17,393
Veta 19-560 500 200 1.50 2.70 0.30 121,500 250 2.50 976,594 9,766 24,859
Veta 25-730 - Guadalupe 500 350 1.77 2.70 0.30 250,898 295 3.00 2,379,666 24,200 60,977
Victoria del Bajo 200 150 1.50 2.70 0.30 36,450 251 2.40 294,150 2,813 7,359
V. Yadira - Candelaria 350 350 1.77 2.70 0.30 175,628 297 1.77 1,677,060 9,995 35,913
Subtotal           940,876 278 2.22 8,416,371 67,008 197,079
 
Alto Arana Sur, San Eduardo Tunel            
Blendita Vein System 600 250 2.00 2.70 0.30 243,000 308 1.78 2,406,327 13,907 51,095
Alejandra-Pablo 600 200 2.00 2.70 0.30 194,400 200 7.00 1,250,040 43,751 63,070
Claudia 600 200 2.00 2.70 0.30 194,400 320 2.20 2,000,064 13,750 44,661
El Carrizo 470 200 2.00 2.70 0.30 152,280 250 6.00 1,223,998 29,376 48,292
Liliana-Ofelia 700 350 2.00 2.70 0.30 396,900 399 1.80 5,091,570 22,969 101,657
Pochote 700 350 2.00 2.70 0.30 396,900 318 4.00 4,057,943 51,043 113,757
Agua Caliente 700 350 2.00 2.70 0.30 396,900 350 3.00 4,466,289 38,282 107,307
Subtotal           1,974,780 323 3.36 20,496,232 213,080 529,840
 
Tahonitas Area            
Minitas 800 200 1.20 2.70 0.30 155,520 350 3.00 1,750,056 15,000 42,047
El Pinito 500 200 1.20 2.70 0.30 97,200 350 3.00 1,093,785 9,375 26,279
Tahonitas 500 200 1.20 2.70 0.30 97,200 350 3.00 1,093,785 9,375 26,279
Chirimollo 500 200 1.20 2.70 0.30 97,200 350 3.00 1,093,785 9,375 26,279
Subtotal           447,120 350 3.00 5,031,412 43,126 120,885
 
Area Tinajas                      
San Francisco Oeste 500 350 2.50 2.70 0.30 354,375 290 1.90 3,304,143 21,648 72,712
San Francisco Este 500 350 2.50 2.70 0.30 354,375 290 1.90 3,304,143 21,648 72,712
Subtotal           708,750 290 1.90 6,608,285 43,296 145,424
 
TOTAL           5,250,763 301 2.74 50,896,616 461,862 1,248,446

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TABLE 9. (continued)
PRIMERO EMPRESA MINERA, S.A. de C.V. TAYOLTITA MINE INFERRED RESOURCES
(As of December 31, 2010)
Vein Longitude Height (F.Z.) Wide Density Probability Metric Ag Au Ounces Ounces
  (m) (m) (m) 2.7 30% Tonnes (g/t) (g/t) (oz Ag) (oz Au) (oz Au Eq.)
El Cristo Area                      
La Luz 400 300 2.00 2.7 0.3 194,400 300 3.50 1,875,060 21,876 50,854
Santa Gertrudis 687.5 300 2.00 2.7 0.3 334,125 250 4.00 2,685,633 42,970 84,475
Santa Cruz 350 250 1.00 2.7 0.3 70,875 300 3.50 683,616 7,976 18,540
Joliet 500 200 1.00 2.7 0.3 81,000 250 4.00 651,063 10,417 20,479
Olivia 400 200 1.00 2.7 0.3 64,800 280 3.00 583,352 6,250 15,266
Guadalupe 4 250 200 1.00 2.7 0.3 40,500 280 2.50 364,595 3,255 8,890
Camichin 540 250 2.00 2.7 0.30 218,700 496 3.30 3,487,612 23,204 77,103
Tejas 540 250 2.00 2.7 0.30 218,700 300 3.00 2,109,443 21,094 53,695
Verdosa 576 250 2.50 2.7 0.30 291,600 350 3.50 3,281,355 32,814 83,525
Subtotal           1,514,700 323 3.49 15,721,729 169,856 412,828
 
GRAN TOTAL           6,765,463 306 2.90 66,618,346 631,718 1,661,274

TABLE 10.
PRIMERO EMPRESA MINERA, S.A. de C.V.
SANTA RITA MINE INFERRED RESOURCES
(As of December 31, 2010)
  Longitude Heigth (F.Z.) Wide Density Probability Metric Ag Au Ounces Ounces
Vein (m) (m) (m) 2.7 30% Tonnes (g/t) (g/t) (oz Ag) (oz Au) (oz Au Eq.)
Santa Rita 200 40 2.30 2.7 0.3 14,904 438 2.67 209,882 1,279 4,523
Patricia I 206 100 1.80 2.7 0.3 29,970 390 2.33 375,794 2,245 8,053
Lupita 300 150 2.00 2.7 0.3 72,900 536 2.31 1,256,290 5,414 24,830
Patricia II 300 100 1.80 2.7 0.3 43,740 340 2.00 478,140 2,813 10,202
Magdalena del bajo 500 200 1.00 2.7 0.3 81,000 380 3.00 989,615 7,813 23,107
Marisa 350 100 1.60 2.7 0.3 45,360 400 2.91 583,352 4,244 13,259
Cristina-Nancy 250.6 200 2.12 2.7 0.3 86,066 490 2.97 1,355,894 8,218 29,173
Promontorio 900 250 2.40 2.7 0.3 437,400 325 1.97 4,570,459 27,704 98,338
Porvenir 600 150 1.50 2.7 0.3 109,350 358 2.78 1,258,634 9,774 29,225
Gabriela 600 150 1.50 2.7 0.3 109,350 250 1.50 878,935 5,274 18,857
Animas 800 250 3.00 2.7 0.3 486,000 265 2.15 4,140,758 33,595 97,588
America 500 250 1.00 2.7 0.3 101,250 353 2.40 1,149,125 7,813 25,572
Tacuacha 800 180 1.20 2.7 0.3 139,968 353 2.40 1,588,551 10,800 35,351
Trinidad 1000 250 1.20 2.7 0.3 243,000 353 2.40 2,757,901 18,751 61,373
Cristina del Alto 300 200 2.50 2.7 0.3 121,500 309 2.15 1,207,070 8,399 27,053
Carolina 500 200 1.00 2.7 0.3 81,000 325 1.97 846,381 5,130 18,211
San Jose 500 200 1.00 2.7 0.3 81,000 325 1.97 846,381 5,130 18,211
San Carlos 500 350 1.50 2.7 0.3 212,625 274 2.55 1,873,107 17,432 46,380
Concepcion 600 350 1.50 2.7 0.3 255,150 353 2.40 2,895,796 19,688 64,441
Guarisamey 487 350 2.00 2.7 0.3 276,129 353 2.40 3,133,895 21,307 69,740
El Rincon 600 350 1.50 2.7 0.3 255,150 353 2.40 2,895,796 19,688 64,441
Santa Barbara 500 350 1.50 2.7 0.3 212,625 353 2.40 2,413,164 16,407 53,701
TOTAL           3,495,437 336 2.30 37,704,923 258,918 841,630

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TABLE 11.
PRIMERO EMPRESA MINERA, S.A. de C.V.
SAN ANTONIO AND CENTRAL BLOCK MINES INFERRED RESOURCES
(As of December 31, 2010)
  Longitude Height (F.Z.) Wide Density Probability Metric Ag Au Ounces Ounces
Vein (m) (m) (m) 2.7 30% Tonnes (g/t) (g/t) (oz Ag) (oz Au) (oz Au Eq.)
West Block                      
San Antonio 150 150 2.20 2.7 0.3 40,095 270 5.00 348,058 6,446 11,825
Santa Rosa 300 100 2.50 2.7 0.3 60,750 270 5.00 527,361 9,766 17,916
Guadalupe 300 110 1.50 2.7 0.3 40,095 312 3.40 402,200 4,383 10,599
Carmen 800 250 0.90 2.7 0.3 145,800 190 2.70 890,654 12,657 26,421
San Ricardo 200 250 1.00 2.7 0.3 40,500 300 4.00 390,638 5,209 11,246
Sin Nombre 200 250 1.00 2.7 0.3 40,500 300 4.00 390,638 5,209 11,246
Santa Cruz 200 250 1.00 2.7 0.3 40,500 300 4.00 390,638 5,209 11,246
Agua Dulce 200 250 1.00 2.7 0.3 40,500 300 4.00 390,638 5,209 11,246
Santa Maria 1 200 250 1.00 2.7 0.3 40,500 300 4.00 390,638 5,209 11,246
Santa Maria 2 200 250 1.00 2.7 0.3 40,500 300 4.00 390,638 5,209 11,246
Marshal 200 250 1.00 2.7 0.3 40,500 300 4.00 390,638 5,209 11,246
Franklin 200 250 1.00 2.7 0.3 40,500 300 4.00 390,638 5,209 11,246
Cata 200 250 1.00 2.7 0.3 40,500 300 4.00 390,638 5,209 11,246
Rosario 200 250 1.00 2.7 0.3 40,500 300 4.00 390,638 5,209 11,246
Macho Bayo 200 250 1.00 2.7 0.3 40,500 300 4.00 390,638 5,209 11,246
Peggy 250 200 1.00 2.7 0.3 40,500 350 4.00 455,744 5,209 12,252
Santa Teresa 450 250 2.50 2.7 0.3 227,813 245 3.10 1,794,495 22,706 50,439
Coronado Trinidad 1000 250 2.00 2.7 0.3 405,000 300 3.00 3,906,376 39,064 99,435
Subtotal           1,405,553 279 3.49 12,621,901 157,523 352,588
 
Central Block                      
El Oro System 600 200 1.25 2.7 0.3 120,894 390 6.36 1,515,882 24,721 48,148
Los Queleles system 600 200 1.70 2.7 0.3 165,240 340 3.00 1,806,308 15,938 43,854
Santa Lucia 500 300 1.96 2.7 0.3 230,257 388 1.95 2,872,379 14,436 58,827
Santa Gertrudis 500 250 1.48 2.7 0.3 149,850 388 1.95 1,869,331 9,395 38,284
San Salvador 800 225 1.27 2.7 0.3 185,166 338 5.15 2,012,221 30,660 61,758
Castellana 500 350 1.50 2.7 0.3 208,538 343 3.70 2,299,728 24,808 60,349
Celia 400 300 1.50 2.7 0.3 141,274 241 4.99 1,094,655 22,665 39,583
Capitana 200 250 0.75 2.7 0.3 30,375 428 4.80 417,982 4,688 11,147
Soledad 500 350 0.90 2.7 0.3 127,119 311 3.40 1,271,071 13,896 33,540
Jael 350 300 0.90 2.7 0.3 76,545 311 3.40 765,376 8,367 20,196
Marina I 500 350 0.90 2.7 0.3 126,682 260 4.27 1,058,975 17,392 33,758
Marina II 500 300 0.90 2.7 0.3 106,793 260 5.27 892,717 18,095 31,891
Gloria 700 275 0.90 2.7 0.3 140,333 312 5.54 1,407,702 24,996 46,751
Roberta 520 400 2.50 2.7 0.3 385,359 340 8.39 4,212,522 103,950 169,053
Robertita 700 293 2.20 2.7 0.3 363,305 517 9.71 6,038,929 113,420 206,749
Mariana 500 250 0.92 2.7 0.3 93,150 300 3.00 898,466 8,985 22,870
Pozolera 500 300 0.92 2.7 0.3 111,780 317 3.70 1,139,255 13,297 30,904
Frapopan Sur 400 200 0.90 2.7 0.3 58,320 370 3.00 693,772 5,625 16,347
Frapopan Norte 500 300 0.90 2.7 0.3 109,350 370 3.00 1,300,823 10,547 30,651
Noche Buena 600 300 1.00 2.7 0.3 145,294 327 3.60 1,527,539 16,817 40,424
Subtotal           3,075,623 355 5.08 35,095,636 502,696 1,045,083
 
Sinaloa Graben                      
Aranza-Julieta System 500 350 2.06 2.7 0.3 292,638 514 5.66 4,833,326 53,298 127,995
Sinaloa Norte 500 350 3.00 2.7 0.3 413,100 485 6.60 6,437,676 87,655 187,147
Sta. Teresa 500 350 2.90 2.7 0.3 399,612 508 10.00 6,530,380 128,480 229,404
Robertita 500 350 2.22 2.7 0.3 305,361 353 6.92 3,462,920 67,905 121,422
Subtotal           1,410,711 469 7.44 21,264,302 337,338 665,968
 
San Vicente Area                      
Luz y Reyes 800 250 1.25 2.7 0.3 202,500 286 4.40 1,862,039 28,647 57,424
San Rafael 820 250 1.51 2.7 0.3 250,736 227 5.30 1,829,954 42,726 71,007
Hedionda 200 250 1.20 2.7 0.3 48,600 212 3.40 331,261 5,313 10,432
Esperanza 500 250 1.20 2.7 0.3 121,500 212 3.40 828,152 13,282 26,080
Tescalama 250 250 1.50 2.7 0.3 75,938 212 3.40 517,598 8,301 16,300
Subtotal           699,274 239 4.37 5,369,004 98,268 181,244
 
TOTAL           6,591,161 351 5.17 74,350,842 1,095,825 2,244,883

- 71 -


































WGM's review of Primero's Mineral Resource/Mineral Reserve estimates at the three operating mines at the San Dimas District did not uncover any fatal flaws, and WGM believes that the methods used by Primero to determine Mineral Resource/Mineral Reserve estimates are reasonable and, as presented in Tables 8 and 12, fairly represent the Mineral Reserve/Mineral Resource potential. WGM has rounded Primero's reported tonnage figures of the mines, over the 20 year period (1979 to 1998). Primero records, over the 20 year period, show that follow-up exploration has converted on average almost 90% of the Inferred Mineral Resources into Mineral Reserves to conform to CIM Standards. Tables 12 to 19 illustrate the detailed Mineral Reserves of individual veins of each of the mining units.

TABLE 12.
MINERAL RESERVES OF SAN DIMAS DISTRICT - PRIMERO GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT
(as of December 31, 2010)
  Metric     Total Contained
  Tonnes g Ag/t g Au/t (oz Ag) (oz Au)
Proven Reserves          
Tayoltita 214,470 298 3.15 2,057,441 21,745
El Cristo 4,363 223 3.89 31,296 546
Tayoltita (Alto Arana) 12,178 288 1.98 112,575 774
Santa Rita 240,218 308 2.21 2,382,149 17,059
Block Central 1,611,465 383 6.34 19,822,211 328,356
San Vicente 17,687 217 4.51 123,517 2,566
Sinaloa Graben 14,652 478 5.39 225,113 2,537
Total Proven Reserves 2,115,033 364 5.49 24,754,302 373,582
Probable Reserves          
Tayoltita 303,484 288 3.02 2,813,984 29,452
El Cristo 5,757 194 3.50 35,833 649
Tayoltita (Alto Arana) 7,962 283 2.71 72,475 693
Santa Rita 256,043 286 1.98 2,358,207 16,293
Block Central 1,006,496 346 5.48 11,197,698 177,478
San Vicente 22,246 219 4.66 156,418 3,336
Sinaloa Graben 36,131 486 5.45 564,379 6,328
Total Probable Reserves 1,638,120 327 4.45 17,198,994 234,229
Proven and Probable Reserves          
Tayoltita 517,955 293 3.07 4,871,424 51,197
El Cristo 10,120 206 3.67 67,129 1,194
Tayoltita (Alto Arana) 20,140 286 2.27 185,051 1,467
Santa Rita 496,262 297 2.09 4,740,356 33,352
Block Central 2,617,961 369 6.01 31,019,910 505,834
San Vicente 39,932 218 4.60 279,935 5,902
Sinaloa Graben 50,784 484 5.43 789,492 8,865
Total Proven and Probable Reserves 3,753,153 348 5.04 41,953,296 607,812
Probable Reserves by Diamond Drilling          
Tayoltita 767,125 285 2.83 7,020,137 69,854
El Cristo 103,737 268 3.98 894,383 13,282
Tayoltita (Alto Arana) 32,934 207 3.95 218,691 4,179
Santa Rita 359,126 325 2.84 3,752,276 32,817
Block Central 703,461 295 5.35 6,665,473 120,954
San Vicente 3,304 208 2.50 22,093 266
Sinaloa Graben 158,213 459 7.26 2,335,956 36,928
Total Probable Reserves by Diamond Drilling 2,127,899 306 4.07 20,909,010 278,278
GRAND TOTAL Proven and Probable Reserves 5,881,052 332 4.69 62,862,306 886,089
Notes to Reserve Statement
1. Reserves were estimated by Primero and audited by WGM as of December 31, 2010.
2. Cutoff grade based on total operating cost for Tayoltita, Santa Rita and Block Central (US$99.84/t).
3. All reserves are diluted, a mining recovery factor has not been applied, but WGM estimates that the mining recovery will be approximately 90%.
4. The tonnage factor is 2.7 tonnes per cubic metre.
5. Cutoff values are calculated at a silver price of US$15.00 per troy ounce and US$950.00 per troy ounce for gold.
6. Rounding of figures may alter the sum of individual column.

- 78 -




TABLE 13.
TAYOLTITA MINERAL RESERVES
(December 31, 2010)

    Tonnes  Ag (g/t)  Au (g/t)  kg Ag  kg Au  oz Ag  oz Au 
Proven: VETA SANLUIS  350  305  3.13  107  1.1  3,436  35 
FRONTERA  751  284  3.09  213  2.3  6,846  75 
MINA ARANA  48,665  327  4.12  15,918  200.6  511,790  6,449 
ARANA DEL ALTO  104,629  284  2.99  29,727  312.7  955,741  10,053 
CULEBRA  18,279  337  3.00  6,151  54.8  197,774  1,762 
CANDELARIA  16,762  311  3.38  5,216  56.7  167,689  1,823 
CEDRAL  8,549  247  2.12  2,112  18.2  67,894  584 
15-207  16,486  276  1.82  4,550  30.0  146,271  965 
Total Proven 214,470  298  3.15  63,994  676.4  2,057,441  21,745 
 
Probable: VETA SAN LUIS  1,029  305  3.13  314  3.2  10,091  104 
VETA FRONTERA  1,758  284  3.09  499  5.4  16,036  175 
MINA ARANA  74,996  308  3.76  23,084  281.6  742,163  9,055 
ARANA DEL ALTO  114,893  273  2.82  31,309  324.5  1,006,602  10,432 
MINA CULEBRA  32,049  341  3.17  10,938  101.6  351,665  3,268 
MINA CANDELARIA  32,003  314  3.42  10,040  109.4  322,790  3,517 
MINA CEDRAL  30,261  250  2.08  7,558  62.9  243,009  2,023 
VETA 15-207  16,496  229  1.66  3,783  27.3  121,628  879 
Total Probable 303,484  288  3.02  87,525  916.1  2,813,984  29,452 
 
Total Proven and Probable 517,955  293  3.07  151,518  1,592.4  4,871,424  51,197 
Probable Reserves by B.D.D. 767,125  285  2.83  218,351  2,172.7  7,020,137  69,854 
 
GRAND TOTAL 1,285,079  288  2.93  369,869  3,765.1  11,891,562  121,051 

 

TABLE 14.
El CRISTO MINERAL RESERVES
(December 31, 2010)

      Tonnes  Ag (g/t)  Au (g/t)  kg Ag  kg Au  oz Ag  oz Au 
Proven:  JOLIET  2,821  193  3.50  545  9.9  17,536  317 
  GERTRUDIS  1,542  278  4.61  428  7.1  13,761  228 
Total Proven  4,363  223  3.89  973  17.0  31,296  546 
 
Probable: JOLIET  5,757  194  3.50  1,115  20.2  35,833  649 
Total Probable  5,757  194  3.50  1,115  20.2  35,833  649 
 
Total Proven and Probable  10,120  206  3.67  2,088  37.1  67,129  1,194 
Probable Reserves by B.D.D.  103,737  268  3.98  27,818  413.1  894,383  13,282 
 
GRAND TOTAL  113,857  263  3.95  29,906  450.3  961,512  14,476 

 

TABLE 15.
TAYOLTITA ALTO DE ARANA MINERAL RESERVES
(December 31, 2010)

    Tonnes  Ag (g/t)  Au (g/t)  kg Ag  kg Au  oz Ag  oz Au 
Proven: VETA GUADALUPE  1,732  295  2.99  511  5.2  16,423  166 
  VETA YADIRA 617  306  3.89  189  2.4  6,077  77 
VETA BLENDITA FW  1,623  262  1.98  425  3.2  13,663  103 
  VETA BLENDITA HW 8,206  290  1.62  2,377  13.3  76,412  427 
Total Proven  12,178  288  1.98  3,501  24.1  112,575  774 
 
Probable: VETA GUADALUPE  3,546  295  2.99  1,046  10.6  33,626  340 
VETA YADIRA  1,171  306  3.89  358  4.5  11,523  146 
VETA BLENDITA FW  3,245  262  1.98  850  6.4  27,326  207 
Total Probable 7,962  283  2.71  2,254  21.6  72,475  693 
 
Total Proven and Probable 20,140  286  2.27  5,756  45.6  185,051  1,467 
Probable Reserves by B.D.D. 32,934  207  3.95  6,802  130.0  218,691  4,179 
 
GRAND TOTAL 53,074  237  3.31  12,558  175.6  403,742  5,646 

 

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TABLE 16.
SANTA RITA MINERAL RESERVES
(December 31, 2010)

  Tonnes  Ag
(g/t) 
Au
(g/t) 
kg Ag  kg Au  oz Ag  oz Au 
Proven               
VETA SANTA RITA  8,528  361  2.56  3,078  21.8  98,945  701 
VETA PEÑA  1,093  546  4.23  596  4.6  19,174  149 
VETA 11-210  1,165  461  4.54  537  5.3  17,265  170 
VETA 16-804  790  322  2.71  255  2.1  8,187  69 
VETA MARLENNE  2,486  303  2.21  752  5.5  24,179  177 
VETA PATY I  6,758  338  2.02  2,283  13.7  73,408  439 
VETA LUPITA  5,284  270  1.65  1,426  8.7  45,858  281 
VETA PATY II  5,760  172  1.00  992  5.7  31,906  185 
VETA MAGDALENA  10,902  301  3.65  3,278  39.7  105,398  1,278 
VETA MARISA  34,147  294  1.75  10,054  59.8  323,228  1,922 
VETA MISACHE  11,618  268  1.75  3,110  20.3  99,987  652 
VETA CRISTINA  6,577  310  2.10  2,037  13.8  65,493  445 
VETA CRISTINA DEL ALTO  18,832  298  2.36  5,620  44.5  180,680  1,431 
VETA PROMONTORIO  21,439  251  1.40  5,388  29.9  173,231  962 
VETA LA LUZ  593  288  2.49  171  1.5  5,482  48 
VETA AMERICA  34,598  284  1.95  9,838  67.3  316,303  2,164 
VETA NANCY  32,375  482  4.17  15,591  135.1  501,276  4,343 
VETA CLAUDIA  785  186  1.24  146  1.0  4,696  31 
VETA FABIOLA  1,353  288  1.13  390  1.5  12,534  49 
VETA ALEXIA  1,384  192  1.71  266  2.4  8,536  76 
VETA CAROLINA  13,556  265  1.26  3,596  17.0  115,608  548 
VETA SARITA  2,117  195  1.24  413  2.6  13,294  84 
VETA LIZETH  12,642  229  1.40  2,895  17.6  93,064  567 
VETA MARIMAR  5,436  254  1.65  1,382  9.0  44,416  289 
Total Proven  240,218  308  2.21  74,093  530.6  2,382,149  17,059 
 
Probable               
VETA SANTA RITA  3,095  347  2.48  1,073  7.7  34,496  247 
VETA PATY I  11,511  335  2.00  3,857  23.0  124,010  740 
VETA PATY II  7,310  181  0.99  1,327  7.2  42,657  232 
VETA LUPITA  2,526  317  1.52  801  3.8  25,768  123 
VETA MAGDALENA  17,206  303  3.70  5,221  63.6  167,847  2,045 
VETA MARISA  24,551  267  1.62  6,555  39.8  210,742  1,280 
VETA MISACHE  5,318  278  1.81  1,480  9.6  47,573  310 
VETA CRISTINA  8,663  286  1.91  2,479  16.5  79,710  531 
VETA CRISTINA DEL ALTO  22,881  282  2.24  6,458  51.3  207,626  1,648 
VETA PROMONTORIO  43,382  249  1.40  10,802  60.7  347,277  1,950 
VETA LA LUZ  599  288  2.49  172  1.5  5,545  48 
VETA AMERICA  41,219  336  2.38  13,837  98.1  444,881  3,155 
VETA NANCY  16,076  388  3.20  6,237  51.4  200,524  1,652 
VETA CLAUDIA  1,214  172  1.16  209  1.4  6,734  45 
VETA FABIOLA  3,333  288  1.13  961  3.8  30,883  121 
VETA ALEXIA  2,827  192  1.71  542  4.8  17,438  156 
VETA CAROLINA  15,074  300  1.39  4,526  21.0  145,503  674 
VETA SARITA  3,772  197  1.25  744  4.7  23,928  152 
VETA LIZETH  14,629  226  1.29  3,308  18.8  106,371  606 
VETA MARIMAR  10,856  254  1.65  2,759  17.9  88,693  576 
Total Probable  256,043  286  1.98  73,348  506.8  2,358,207  16,293 
 
Total Proven and Probable  496,262  297  2.09  147,442  1,037.4  4,740,356  33,352 
Probable Reserves by B.D.D.  359,126  325  2.84  116,709  1,020.7  3,752,276  32,817 
 
GRAND TOTAL  855,387  309  2.41  264,150  2,058.1  8,492,632  66,169 

 

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TABLE 17.
BLOCK CENTRAL MINERAL RESERVES
(December 31, 2010)

  Tonnes  Ag
(g/t) 
Au
(g/t) 
kg Ag  kg Au  oz Ag  oz Au 
Proven               
SANTA LUCIA  155,387  275  1.95  42,711  302.5  1,373,175  9,727 
SAN ENRIQUE  21,815  169  4.16  3,693  90.7  118,738  2,918 
EL ORO  1,562  251  2.60  392  4.1  12,613  131 
CELIA II  63,096  318  2.84  20,034  179.3  644,122  5,764 
CAPITANA  4,851  329  5.10  1,596  24.8  51,319  796 
SOLEDAD  45,186  315  4.19  14,219  189.3  457,147  6,087 
MARINA I  184,231  313  5.52  57,615  1,017.3  1,852,366  32,708 
MARINA II  64,547  378  6.20  24,383  400.5  783,927  12,876 
ROBERTITA  549,850  483  9.30  265,428  5,113.1  8,533,722  164,391 
NOCHE BUENA  55,292  328  4.08  18,123  225.3  582,654  7,244 
POZOLERA  8,914  507  3.52  4,523  31.3  145,432  1,007 
ROBERTA  267,953  359  6.66  96,075  1,785.8  3,088,883  57,416 
GLORIA  28,335  418  6.75  11,844  191.4  380,792  6,153 
KATIA  10,132  404  7.48  4,098  75.8  131,750  2,438 
CASTELLANA  62,810  345  3.38  21,690  212.0  697,334  6,816 
SAN SALVADOR  16,343  179  1.59  2,933  26.0  94,300  837 
ANGELICA  1,593  157  2.08  250  3.3  8,046  107 
JAEL  69,567  387  4.89  26,932  340.3  865,891  10,940 
Total Proven  1,611,465  383  6.34  616,540  10,213.0  19,822,211  328,356 
 
Probable               
SANTA LUCIA  45,577  270  2.38  12,286  108.4  395,018  3,486 
SAN ENRIQUE  49,040  169  4.16  8,302  204.0  266,921  6,558 
EL ORO  1,912  182  2.67  348  5.1  11,195  164 
CELIA II  70,589  365  3.12  25,778  220.4  828,771  7,085 
CAPITANA  7,374  319  5.05  2,351  37.2  75,596  1,198 
SOLEDAD  29,438  311  4.25  9,155  125.0  294,333  4,019 
MARINA I  84,707  320  5.93  27,093  502.4  871,072  16,154 
MARINA II  66,561  369  6.25  24,557  415.7  789,515  13,366 
ROBERTITA  250,142  391  7.09  97,927  1,772.8  3,148,412  56,998 
NOCHE BUENA  9,421  307  3.86  2,891  36.4  92,949  1,170 
POZOLERA  4,329  355  2.69  1,536  11.6  49,383  374 
ROBERTA  186,711  358  6.75  66,805  1,259.7  2,147,838  40,499 
GLORIA  20,451  302  5.15  6,169  105.3  198,335  3,387 
KATIA  4,164  503  10.03  2,094  41.7  67,309  1,342 
CASTELLANA  48,827  370  3.33  18,050  162.8  580,314  5,234 
SAN SALVADOR  26,686  187  1.71  4,990  45.5  160,419  1,464 
ANGELICA  2,929  157  2.08  460  6.1  14,794  196 
JAEL  97,639  384  4.71  37,496  459.9  1,205,524  14,785 
Total Probable  1,006,496  346  5.48  348,287  5,520  11,197,698  177,478 
 
Total Proven and Probable  2,617,961  369  6.01  964,827  15,733  31,019,910  505,834 
Probable Reserves By B.D.D.  703,461  295  5.35  207,319  3,762  6,665,473  120,954 
 
GRAND TOTAL  3,321,422  353  5.87  1,172,147  19,495.3  37,685,383  626,787 

 

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TABLE 18.
SAN VICENTE MINERAL RESERVES
(December 31, 2010)

  Tonnes  Ag
(g/t) 
Au
(g/t) 
kg Ag  kg Au  oz Ag  oz Au 
Proven               
LUZ Y REYES  8,163  236  3.95  1,929  32.3  62,035  1,037 
SAN RAFAEL  9,523  201  4.99  1,912  47.5  61,482  1,529 
Total Proven  17,687  217  4.51  3,842  79.8  123,517  2,566 
 
Probable               
LUZ Y REYES  11,356  247  4.22  2,807  47.9  90,232  1,541 
SAN RAFAEL  10,890  189  5.13  2,059  55.9  66,186  1,796 
Total Probable  22,246  219  4.66  4,865  104  156,418  3,336 
 
Total Proven and Probable  39,932  218  4.60  8,707  184  279,935  5,902 
Probable Reserves by B.D.D.  3,304  208  2.50  687  8  22,093  266 
 
GRAND TOTAL  43,236  217  4.44  9,394  191.8  302,028  6,168 

 

TABLE 19.
SINALOA GRABEN MINERAL RESERVES
(December 31, 2010)

  Tonnes  Ag (g/t)  Au (g/t)  kg Ag  kg Au  oz Ag  oz Au 
Proven               
JULIETA  1,616  189  3.13  305  5.1  9,802  163 
ARANZA  13,036  514  5.66  6,697  73.8  215,311  2,374 
SINALOA NORTE        0.0 
ROBERTITA        0.0 
SANTA TERESA        0.0 
Total Proven  14,652  478  5.39  7,002  78.9  225,113  2,537 
 
Probable               
JULIETA  3,098  189  3.13  585  9.7  18,794  312 
ARANZA  33,033  514  5.66  16,970  187.1  545,585  6,016 
SINALOA NORTE        0.0 
ROBERTITA        0.0 
SANTA TERESA        0.0 
Total Probable  36,131  486  5.45  17,554  197  564,379  6,328 
 
Total Proven and Probable  50,784  484  5.43  24,556  276  789,492  8,865 
 
Probable Reserves BDD               
JULIETA  14,992  481  3.73  7,206  55.9  231,663  1,797 
ARANZA        0.0 
SINALOA NORTE  108,545  485  6.60  52,612  716.4  1,691,520  23,032 
ROBERTITA  15,087  191  4.17  2,882  62.9  92,661  2,021 
SANTA TERESA  19,589  508  16.00  9,957  313.4  320,112  10,077 
Total Probable Reserves by BDD  158,213  459  7.26  72,656  1,149  2,335,956  36,928 
 
GRAND TOTAL  208,997  465  6.81  97,212  1,424.3  3,125,447  45,792 

 

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19. SAN DIMAS TAILINGS MANAGEMENT

19.1  GENERAL 

At the time of Wheaton River’s acquisition of the Luismin operations, the practice in the design and operation of tailings containment sites in the San Dimas district complied with the requirements of Mexico and with the permits issued for the dams. To bring the facilities to international guidelines, a series of improvements were identified as necessary to reduce risk as well as the potential environmental impact. Since the acquisition, a number of improvements have been made and extensive work is ongoing to further improve the standard of the tailings operation.

Luismin’s practice had been to discharge tailings from the cyanidation mills to unlined structures designed to settle the solids and collect solutions for recycle to the milling operations. The containment dams were typically constructed with cyclone underflow, and the overflow drains to decant structures in the central portion of the dam. Previously the tailings containment sites had not been subjected to comprehensive geotechnical investigations before construction, normal safety factors in dam design nor monitoring or control of seepage.

The deficiencies with the tailings management aspect of the operations have been addressed by Luismin and US$20.3 million capital investments since 2004 have been made to upgrade the containment structures and tailings operations at Tayoltita/Cupias and San Antonio to bring them more in line with accepted international guidelines. In 2005, US$1.3 million was spent on the San Antonio tailings, and US$2.2 million in 2006 and US$1.6 million in 2007. Investment in the Tayoltita tailing dam in 2005 was US$1.6 million, US$0.6 million in 2006 and US$3.2 million in 2007.

Environmental requirements in Mexico can be expected to become more aligned with world standards in the future. The planned capital expenditures and changes to upgrade the Primero tailings management operations are expected to continue to comply with the operating standards required in Mexico, and to ultimately achieve compliance with international guidelines.

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19.2  TAYOLTITA TAILINGS 

The very rugged mountainous terrain and steep walled canyons in the San Dimas district have presented formidable challenges to tailings management as the scale of operations grew and storage areas were depleted. The Tayoltita operation has developed numerous tailings disposal sites in the valley near the mill and in more recent years, the tailings dam has been moved up the valley to the east of the mill. At that time the operation relied on 10 pumping stations to elevate the tailings to the containment site. The operation included the tailings line and solution return line on cable supports to cross the river valley without any provisions for spill containment in the event of a line failure.

The historical construction practice has been to gradually build containment basins on the steep hillsides using thickened tailings while continuously decanting the solutions for recycle to the mill. On abandonment, the dried tailings have been left to dehydrate and efforts to establish a natural vegetation cover have been undertaken. The abandoned dams in the area are subject to erosion and instability until remediation measures are taken. On three of the older tailings dams near the Tayoltita mill, the land has been reclaimed for use as a soccer field, a softball field, and a garden nursery.

Monitoring of the Piaxtla River downstream of the Tayoltita tailings deposits has not shown any environmental impact on the water quality, but WGM expects that it is impacted with higher suspended solids in periods of heavy rainfall.

Under the current San Dimas plan, the Tayoltita Mill operation and future expansion will process all ore mined in the district with all tailings deposited in the currently active Cupias tailings disposal dam. Since the acquisition by Wheaton River in 2002 significant capital improvements have been made at the Tayoltita tailings operation and further improvements to the dam and operating practices are planned.

During 2007, stages II and III of the AMEC (a geotechnical consulting company, based in Vancouver) remediation of the Tayoltita tailings dam were completed with the reinforcement of the dam bank with the compaction of 621,800 m3 of borrowed material. The 10 relay tailings pumping stations were replaced with three positive displacement pumps operating in parallel and a new tailings pumping system installed with the capacity to pump high density tailings (53% solids)a distance of 1,847 m and up a 125 m difference in elevation to the dam. High capacity thickeners have been added to the mill to increase the tailings density and reduce the solution containment, hydrostatic heads, and return capacity required at the tailings dam. At the river crossing, the tailings lines are suspended in a spill recovery trough with provision to divert any spills into a containment area.

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Construction of the initial phase of an earthen berm against the downstream side of the dam had been completed to increase the safety factor of the containment structure. During the past year, the most important works were the construction of two basins in the back of the dam with a 50,000 m3 capacity to collect and neutralize the "contact water" (the water that falls on the dam) that could contaminate the dry tailings deposited and a second basin (in series with the previous basin) in case that the first basin's capacity is exceeded. A perimeter wire fence was also constructed around the tailings dam area to neutralize the contact water dam area to limit the access by persons and animals. The project includes the construction of a seepage drainage and collection channel below the dam.

19.3  SAN ANTONIO TAILINGS 

Due primarily to the exhausted capacity of the tailings dam, the San Antonio Mill operation was shutdown in 2003. The tailings dam site is located in a turn in a steep walled river canyon downstream of the mill operation. The river has been diverted through two tunnels which have been excavated in the canyon wall on the inside of the river bend. A third tunnel for road access has been excavated and also serves as an additional channel for the river in high flow periods. In the 2002 due diligence by Wheaton River, the San Antonio tailings dam was identified as a risk to failure due to a low safety factor in the dam, risk associated with an unknown hydrostatic head in the active tailings deposition area, and possible erosion due to a flood event in the adjacent river.

Since the shutdown of the mill operations, some of the risk has been removed by elimination of the hydrostatic head in the dam and diversion of a local drainage channel. It has been proposed that the dam safety factor be increased by extending the concrete wall on the upstream side of the dam and protection of the downstream side by covering with mine waste rock. These measures would also decrease the erosion potential of the tailings. Some of this work has been initiated while options to close and reclaim the tailings dam were studied.

Luismin received approval to reclaim the San Antonio dam by stabilizing the tailings in their current location after the submittal of an environmental assessment that demonstrated the validity of the plan. A scale model was developed that through a series of tests determined the best design from the hydraulic aspect and to determine if some of the design features needed to be augmented. During 2007, in agreement with the design by Knight Piesold (Canadian geotechnical consultant), the emplacement of rock filled berm began with about 60% completed, however the rains and lack of an access road significantly affected progress.

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During 2008, the works were completed with a cover of compacted concrete on the dam face that will form a three step waterfall in the case of a maximum flow of water (rainfall).

The present hydraulic dam design was confirmed during 2008 through a series of tests. Presently the dam is in a monitoring phase to determine if existing tailings displacements can physically affect the concrete. To-date some vertical displacement (settling of the material) during the rainy season has been detected. It is anticipated that this monitoring would require about six months.

Capital expenditures for environmental purposes since 2004 have totalled approximately US$10.7 million at Tayoltita/Cupias and US$9.6 million at San Antonio.

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20. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

20.1 GENERAL

WGM has prepared a pre-tax cash flow analysis based on the following basic assumptions:

  • San Dimas Production Schedule including tonnes, grades and recoveries (Primero estimates);

  • San Dimas Capital and Operating Costs (Primero estimates); and

  • WGM’s estimates of reasonable silver and gold prices going forward with allowances for silver sold forward to Silver Wheaton.

The results show that San Dimas will produce a net cash flow of US$420.0 million before taxes over the years 2011-2015. This cash flow will be generated by mining and processing approximately 2.85 million tonnes of proven and probable reserves and 1.11 million tonnes of inferred resources.

A detailed Five Year Mine Plan (listed in Appendix 1) includes annual production figures, operating and capital costs, and the resulting pre-tax net cash flow as well as discounted net cash flow. Table 20 shows the summarized Primero Five Year Mine Plan.

20.2 CAPITAL COSTS

20.2.1 GENERAL

WGM has taken Primero’s capital and operating costs from a budget prepared by Primero. WGM has examined Primero’s estimates and finds them to be reasonable. The WGM Case is based on the next five years (2011-2015) and includes 4.0 million tonnes of proven and probable reserves and inferred resources.

Capital costs for the San Dimas operations are estimated by Primero in four general categories: i) major projects; ii) sustaining; iii) exploration and development; and iv) infrastructure. The estimates are developed internally by Primero.

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TABLE 20.
SUMMARY, FIVE YEAR LOM

PRODUCTION      
Ore Mined & Milled      

Sinaloa Graben

1,016,800

tonnes

 

Central Block

1,848,978

tonnes

 

Santa Lucia

317,660

tonnes

 

Santa Rita

236,000

tonnes

 

Tayoltita

535,250

tonnes

 

Total Ore Mined and Milled

3,954,688

tonnes

 
 
Ore Grades      

Gold

5.44

g/t

 

Silver

304

g/t

 
 
Metal Recoveries      

Gold

97%    

Silver

94%    
 
Metal Production kgs   ozs

Gold

20,900   671,000

Silver

     

Sold under Silver Wheaton Agr.

892,000   28,684,000

Sold on World Market

239,000   7,678,000

Total Silver Production

1,131,000   36,362,000
 
Metal Prices      

Gold Spot Price

$1,080

/oz

 

Silver

     

Silver Wheaton Agr. Price

~$4.16

/oz

 

Silver Spot Price

$17.50

/oz

 
 
Revenues $   $/t ore

Gold

$717,900,000   $181.53

Silver

     

Sold to Silver Wheaton

$131,900,000   $33.35

Sold on World Market

$119,600,000   $30.24

Total Silver Revenue

$251,500,000   $63.59
TOTAL REVENUES $969,400,000   $245.12
Refining Costs $16,300,000   $4.12
Operating Costs $369,790,000   $93.51
Capital Costs $163,365,938   $41.31
Net Cash Flow $420,000,000   $106.20
 
Net Present Value Disc. @      

5%

$370,700,000   $93.74

8%

$346,000,000   $87.49

10%

$330,600,000   $83.60
Note: Totals may not add due to rounding      

 

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Major capital investment is forecast to total US$26.3 million in 2010. Primero intends to raise annual production from 630 thousand tonnes of ore per year in the 2011 to 850 thousand tonnes in 2013 or approximately 2,400 tonnes per day. Over the years 2011 to 2015 major capital expense amounts to US$34.5 million while sustaining capital amounts to US$26.4 million, exploration totals US$55.1 million and underground development totals US$47.5 million. Thus, over the next five years total capital expense is projected to total US$163.4 million or an average of US$32.7 million per year.

20.2.2

CAPITAL EXPENDITURES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION AND UPGRADE OF TAILINGS MANAGEMENT PRACTICE.


Tayoltita/Cupias Tailings Dam
Capital expenditures at the new Tayoltita tailings dam (Cupias) since 2004 total US$10.7 million. During 2007, stages II and III of the remediation recommendations by AMEC were completed and the storage capacity at a mill rate of 2,500 tpd is more than 30 years.

During 2010 the installation of the third filter band (113 m) at Cupias was started to guarantee that 100% of the tailings coming from the beneficiating plant (mill) could be processed. At the end of 2010 the project had advanced with 50% of the project completed and with the advantage that the filter had arrived in the customs house and the major critical components were already in Tayoltita (vacuum pump belt etc.). It is planned to terminate the third filter house by April 2011 at a total investment of US$2.27 million.

San Antonio Tailings Dam
Capital expenditures on the remediation of the San Antonio tailings dam since 2005 has totalled approximately US$9.6 million at the end of 2008. Due to problems with the landowners ("ejido") it was not possible to advance very much with this project, one was able to prepare the aggregate material that will be used on the water dam below (based on the Hermosillo Sonora engineering study titled "Basic Engineering Studies"). It is planned during the first six months of 2011 to complete this project. Only remaining is to complete the concrete covering of the dam and the construction of a diversion channel.

On October 26, 2009, hurricane Rick produced major flooding of the Piaxtla River with the water level rising approximately 10 m up to the foundations of the mine's mill and to the level of the bridge's roadway. This rainfall/flooding tested the improvements that have been made to enhance the safety of the tailings dams that both successfully weathered the rainfall/flooding.

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Herradura Project
The Herradura project is to provide a safer and more suitable storage area for waste rock by cutting a channel across a tight loop on the Rio Piostla and avoid the storage of waste rock long the banks of the river.

In 2010, an investment of US$700,000 in engineering studies was made by contracting the Knight Piesold Company of Denver CO. On the Basis of this engineering study, both the environment impact study (Manifiesto de Impacto Ambiental MIA) and the technical justification study (Estudio Técnico Justificativo ("EJT") were presented to SEMARNAT. Also in 2011 the permits were requested from Comm. National de Agua ("CNA") for the use of Federal canal and for the redirecting of the Rio Piostla by constructing an open channel. It is planned in 2011 to make an investment of US$300,000 after permission from the two agencies and to include in the request for the work some of the preliminary activity already completed.

20.2.3 CAPITAL EXPENDITURES FOR EXPANSION OF PRODUCTION

The mill expansion that began in 2004 is presently at 2,100 tpd. To achieve 850,000 tpa Primero will have to expand the mill capacity to approximately 2,500 tpd. Primero has budgeted $4.5 million in 2012 to achieve the targeted mill throughput.

In addition, Primero has budgeted a total of US$5.7 million in 2012 and 2013 to increase waste impoundment.

20.2.4 LAS TRUCHAS HYDRO POWER PLANT/LINE

The construction of the hydro generated power line that began in 2005 has been completed. This 34 kVA power line from Las Truchas Dam, 42 km north of the San Dimas Mine, has expanded the former available power from 1.4 MW to 7.0 MW (Stage 1) and reduced power costs from 11 cents/kWh to 1.5 cents/kWh. More than US$33.0 million has been invested since 2005 (US$20.9 million in 2007) to complete Stage 1. Stage 1 involved both the relocation of the town at the dam site and the construction of a new power house. Primero intends to proceed with Stage II to provide an additional 7 MW to further reduce operating costs at the mine. The face of the dam will be increased by Primero to increase storage capacity to maintain power production during the dry season.

During 2010 some of the parameters in the operation of the hydroelectric facility were determined to justify the viability of a second stage. Also during 2010 it was possible to exercise the important option to interconnect with the local power grid (CFE) through the improvement of the main substation at Tayoltita that will allow in 2011 to form a buy/sell contract for the surplus energy to the district network.

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A total of US$800,000 in engineering studies is projected for 2011 to determine the actual investment required (CAPEX for 2012).

Primero has budgeted a total of US$22.7 million in the years 2013-2015 to complete this work.

20.3 OPERATING COSTS

Primero has provided WGM with their estimate of operating costs for the years 2011 to 2015. WGM has reviewed the Primero estimates and believes that they are realistic. The San Dimas district has a higher cost structure than normal due to the remote location of the operations and required townsite infrastructure.

The San Dimas budget for 2011 anticipates an operating cost of US$99.80 per tonne milled plus US$49.21 in capital costs per tonne milled, for a total of US$144.21 per tonne milled.

The operating costs in 2011 are projected to include US$58.05 per tonne for mining costs; US$22.92 for processing; and US$14.63 per tonne for general and administrative costs.

WGM believes these cost projections to be realistic given the operational history of the San Dimas mine.

20.4 TAXES

The Net Cash Flow Calculation for the San Dimas Mine has been prepared on a pre-tax basis. Actual income taxes payable by the San Dimas Mine are computed based on gold and silver spot prices when the production is sold, notwithstanding that the San Dimas Mine is obligated to receive a lower amount in connection with certain forward contracts on silver. The San Dimas Mine is currently not entitled to a deduction for the difference between the spot price and the forward contract price.

The company anticipates that the San Dimas Mine will be subject to the regular Mexican corporate tax regime and will not be affected by the minimum tax. The currently enacted corporate tax rate in Mexico is 30% for 2011 and 2012, 29% for 2013, and 28% for 2014 and subsequent taxation years.

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20.5 PRECIOUS METAL PRICES

San Dimas derives all of its revenue from the sale of gold and silver doré. Previously, under an agreement between Goldcorp and Silver Wheaton, all of San Dimas’s silver revenue was committed to a 25 year contract with Silver Wheaton Corp at approximately US$4.00/oz with an annual increase based on projected inflation. At the time of sale of San Dimas to Primero, 19 years remained in this agreement. Under the new agreement between Primero and Silver Wheaton, the agreement will run for the lifetime of the San Dimas mines. However, during the period August 7, 2010 to August 6, 2014, Primero and Silver Wheaton will equally share all annual silver production over 3.5 million ounces. Commencing on August 7, 2014, Primero and Silver Wheaton will equally share annual silver production over 6.0 million ounces. Primero intends to sell its gold and silver at the current spot prices. Figures 24 and 25 is subject to the revised Silver Wheaton Silver Sales Agreement. In order to determine the viability of the San Dimas Mine, WGM has examined historic gold and silver prices. WGM has used the one year moving average for 2011, the two year moving average for 2012 and the three year moving average for 2013-2015 for both gold and silver. These prices were based on the London Bullion Market 2nd fix price. Thus for gold, WGM used a price of US$1,226 in 2011, US$1,100 in 2012, and US$1,025 per oz in 2013-2015. Similarly, WGM used US$20.20 in 2011, US$17.40 in 2012, and US$16.60 per oz in 2013-2015 for silver sold for its own account. All prices are based on periods ending December 31, 2010. WGM believes that these prices reflect a conservative view of metal prices going forward.


Figure 24. Gold price 1985-2010

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Figure 25. Silver price 1985-2011

20.6 NET CASH FLOW SENSITIVITY TO COSTS AND METAL PRICES

WGM has assumed an average base gold price of US$1,080/oz and a base silver price of approximately $4.16/oz for the silver sold under the Silver Wheaton agreement and $17.48/oz for silver sold on the spot market. At these prices, the project returns a pre-tax net cash flow of US$420 million over the years 2011-2015 and net of a total capital investment of US$163 million. WGM has also tested the sensitivity of the San Dimas net cash flow to changes in the spot gold price, the spot silver price, gold and silver grades and operating costs and capital costs. Figure 26 demonstrates the five year net cash flow sensitivity.

The San Dimas project economics are extremely robust. When the gold price is reduced by 25% from US$1080oz to US$810/oz, the project returns a five year net cash flow ("NCF") of $241 million before tax. Similarly, a 25% reduction of the spot silver price (to $13.11/oz) reduces the NCF to US$387 million (the price of the silver sold under the Silver Wheaton agreement does not change). A combined reduction of spot gold and spot silver prices by 25% leads to a NCF of US$208 million, a reduction of US$212 million. While a 10% change in the gold grade is equivalent to a 10% change in the gold price, the same relationship does not hold for the silver grade and price. This is a result of the silver that is sold under the Silver Wheaton agreement at a fixed price. Thus while a 25% increase in the silver price yields a NCF of $453 million, a 25% increase in the silver grade yields a NCF of $600 million, a difference of $62 million. The NCF is much less sensitive to changes in operating and capital costs. An increase of 25% in operating costs reduces the NCF by US$56 million to US$364 million, while a 25% increase in capital costs reduces NCF by US$41 million to US$379 million.

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Figure 26. Sensitivity of Net Cash Flow to changes in gold prices and capital and operating cost

20.7 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

Primero plans to produce an average of 791,000 tonnes of ore per year over the next five years. The economics of the San Dimas Operations are extremely robust. Using an average gold price of $1080/oz (based on the trailing one year average in 2011 the trailing two year average in 2012 and the three trailing average in 2013-2015), the Silver Wheaton price of approximately $4.16/oz over the 5 year period and an average spot silver of $17.48/oz, the San Dimas mine generates a net cash flow of $420 million. In addition, assuming a spot silver price of $15.00/oz, the operation requires a gold price of only US$476 oz to break even. Because Silver Wheaton purchases the first 3.5 million ounces plus 50% of production in excess of 3.5 million ounces of silver from August 7, 2010 through August 6, 2014 and 6 million ounces plus 50% of production in excess of 6 million ounces thereafter at a price of approximately US$4.16/oz, the gold sold at $1,080/oz is sufficient to sustain a profitable operation. Lowering the spot metal prices by the same factor produces a breakeven net cash flow at a gold price of $546/oz and a silver price of $8.84/oz.

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21. MARKETS AND CONTRACTS

Gold and silver doré in the form of bullion that was produced from the mines during 2010 was shipped to the Johnson Matthey refinery in Salt Lake City, Utah. Based on data supplied by San Dimas, WGM estimated that the overall cost of gold and silver refining including shipping, insurance, actual refining, and empire fees is US$8.00/oz of doré received plus US$0.30/oz silver.

Based on past contracts, WGM believes that payment is due 20 days following receipt of the bullion at the refinery.

The Primero doré is a clean product with few impurities. There are numerous refineries around the world available to take the doré.

On October 15, 2004, Silver Wheaton Caymans ("Silver Wheaton") entered into an agreement (amended on March 30, 2006) to acquire all of the silver produced by Goldcorp's Luismin mining operations in Mexico (owned at the date of the transaction) for a period of 25 years. Total consideration, including consideration issued as part of the March 30, 2006 amendment, was C$46 million in cash upfront, a US$20 million promissory note and 126 million common shares of the Company. In addition, a per ounce cash payment of the lesser of US$3.95 and the prevailing market price is due (subject to an inflationary adjustment on October 15 of the subsequent years). It is currently at US$4.04 per ounce.

On February 14, 2008 Goldcorp (San Dimas’ parent company) sold its entire 48% interest in Silver Wheaton by way of a secondary offering. Under the Agreement, Silver Wheaton has consent rights in connection with any sale of DMSL of the San Dimas Assets. In return for Silver Wheaton providing its consent to the acquisition of San Dimas by Primero, the current Silver Wheaton purchase agreement was changed as follows:

1. The term of the Silver Wheaton purchase agreement was extended from the 25 years (19 years remaining) to the life of the mine.
   
2. During the first four years after Primero acquired the San Dimas Assets, Silver Wheaton will receive each year the first 3.5 million troy ounces of the silver production. The yearly silver production, in excess of 3.5 million troy ounces, during each year of the four years, will be shared 50/50 between Silver Wheaton and Primero. In return for this, Silver Wheaton will receive 1.5 million troy ounces of silver each year (for four years) from Goldcorp.

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3. Starting in the fifth year after Primero acquired the San Dimas Assets, Silver Wheaton will receive the first 6.0 million troy ounces of the yearly silver production. The yearly silver production in excess of 6.0 million troy ounces will be shared 50/50 between Silver Wheaton and Primero. Other terms of Silver Wheaton purchase agreement will remain the same (ie. Primero will be bound by the same terms and conditions to which Goldcorp is currently bound).

San Dimas has used hedging in the past to considerable advantage in sales prices realized but terminated virtually all hedge positions in September 2001. Primero has informed WGM that it does not plan to hedge either gold or its share of silver production.

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22. OBSERVATIONS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

WGM's review of San Dimas mines, previous operating records as well as the currently identified Mineral Reserves and Mineral Resources has concluded that profitable operations should be sustainable for at least the next nine years. Based on the operating history of the mines, the potential for additional reserves being found on current land holdings, and the high success rate in turning the inferred resources into reserves, it is also very probable that profitable operations will be extended much beyond the five year period that has been considered by WGM in its analysis.

In addition to the general conclusion on the future viability of the San Dimas operations, WGM has also reached the following conclusions:

  • Total Proven and Probable Mineral Reserves estimated as of December 31, 2010, for the seven operating mining units of San Dimas' three operating mines are 5.881 million tonnes at a grade of 332 g Ag/t and 4.69 g Au/t;

  • The procedures used by San Dimas to estimate the Mineral Reserves are reasonable and the reserves fairly represent the tonnage and grade that can be expected from an operation;

  • The total Inferred Mineral Resources, estimated as of December 31, 2010, for the same seven mining units of the three operating mines, and not included in the Mineral Reserves stated above, are about 16.853 million tonnes at an approximate grade of 330 g Ag/t and 3.67 g Au/t;

  • The procedures used by Primero to estimate the Inferred Mineral Resources are reasonable and the Inferred Resource estimate represents a reasonable expectation of potential;

  • The experience and capabilities of the management team are regarded as excellent and important elements in the success of current and future operations;

  • The potential for exploration, both on active mining properties as well as on exploration holdings, to expand the reserve base to both support and expand operations is excellent;

  • Future operations will incur additional capital and operating costs for management of tailings sites as well as remediation of existing sites;

  • Opportunities for future reductions in operating costs will be possible with capital investment in mining and processing equipment as well as changes to operating practices;

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  • It is evident that the San Dimas operations have grown gradually over time where capital expenditures have been justified on short term planning and assessments. This has resulted in "add on" style expansions and a variety of equipment sizes and types that reduces some efficiencies in operations and maintenance that could otherwise be realized with longer term planning;

  • An economic analysis of the Proven and Probable Reserves of the operations has demonstrated that the reserves can be mined and processed at a profit; and

  • A review of production and costs for 2007 through 2010 has demonstrated that the January 2011 economic analysis is valid.

As a result of WGM’s most recent review of the San Dimas operations and a comparison to the review completed at the time of the Wheaton acquisition in 2002, the following additional observations and conclusions are provided:

  • The capital investment made available for exploration has resulted in the development of significant new mining areas in the San Dimas district that have substantially increased the grades being mined;

  • The capital investment in mining equipment and the process plant have allowed the mine to develop the new areas and bring them into production quickly;

  • Management has made considerable progress in implementing safer practices in the underground operations by introducing rock mechanics expertise and modern ground control techniques to reduce the risks inherent in the operations;

  • Substantial progress has been made in improving tailings management, in on site awareness of the international guidelines in regard to tailings dams, and in introducing lower risk techniques to generally upgrade this aspect of the operations;

  • Site management has ongoing focus on reducing costs and improving the efficiencies of the operations through a very thorough data collection and reporting system;

  • The mine has embarked on extensive exploration and development works to increase the Mineral Resources/Reserves and mine production; and

  • Production over the five year plan shows approximately 68% coming from minerals reserves with the remainder from mineral resources although during the initial years the production is nearly entirely from mineral reserves. With the planned 25% increase in production in the first few years mine development to access the ore will play an important role.

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23. SIGNATURE PAGE

This report entitled "Technical Report on the Tayoltita, Santa Rita and San Antonio Mines, Durango, Mexico for Silver Wheaton Corp.", dated March 14, 2011 was prepared and signed by the following authors

Dated as of March 14, 2011.

/s/ Velasquez Spring /s/ Gordon Watts
Velasquez Spring, P.Eng. Gordon Watts, P.Eng.
Senior Geologist Senior Associate Mineral Economist

 

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CERTIFICATE

This Certificate Applies to and Accompany
the Report titled "Technical Report on the Tayoltita, Santa Rita
and San Antonio Mines, Durango, Mexico
for Silver Wheaton Corp." dated March 14, 2011

I, Velasquez Spring, do hereby certify that:

1.

I reside at 1020 Walden Circle, Unit 17, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, L5J 4J9.

2.

I am a graduate from the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario with a B.A.Sc. Degree in Applied Geology (1957), and I have practised my profession continuously since that time.

 

3.

I am a member of the Association of Professional Engineers Ontario (Membership Number 43927011).

 

4.

I am a Senior Geologist with Watts Griffis and McOuat Limited, a firm of consulting geologists and engineers, which has been authorized to practice professional engineering by Professional Engineers Ontario since 1969, and professional geoscience by the Association of Professional Geoscientists of Ontario.

 

5.

I am a qualified person for the purpose of NI 43-101 with regard to epithermal mineral deposits and resource and reserve audits. I have worked as a professional engineer for over 50 years since graduation. My relevant experience for the purpose of this Technical Report is:

  • Visited studied and explored numerous epithermal Ag-Au deposits along the Sierra Madre Occidental while exploration manager for Texas Gulf Sulphur during 1967 and 1970;

  • Member of the "Exploration Guidelines and Reporting Standards Committee" precursor to NI 43-101;

  • Member of CSA Mining Technical Advisory and Monitoring Committee;

  • Prepared several National Policy 2-A, and since 2005 National Instrument 43-101 reports on epithermal Ag-Au mines/properties along the Sierra Madre Occidental; and

  • Visited the San Dimas mines and carried out several technical due diligence examination and geological examinations both on surface and underground during the past eight years.

6.

I visited the three mining properties on eight occasions between January 16 to 26, 2002, March 7 to 11, 2002, January 18 to 22, 2003, September 27 to October 3, 2004, January 17 to 19, 2007, January 14 and 15, 2008, January 9 to 10, 2009, and January 12 to 13, 2010.

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7.

I was solely responsible for all sections of this report, except Section 20.

8.

I am independent of Silver Wheaton Corp., applying the definition of independence set out in Section 1.4 of NI 43-101.

 

9.

Neither I, nor any affiliated entity of mine, is at present, under an agreement, arrangement or understanding or expects to become, an insider, associate, affiliated entity or employee of Silver Wheaton Corp., or any associated or affiliated entities.

 

10.

Neither I, nor any affiliated entity of mine own, directly or indirectly, nor expect to receive, any interest in the properties or securities of Silver Wheaton Corp., or any associated or affiliated companies.

 

11.

Neither I, nor any affiliated entity of mine, have earned the majority of our income during the preceding three years from Silver Wheaton Corp., or any associated or affiliated companies.

 

12.

I have read NI 43-101 and Form 43-101F1 and have prepared the technical report in compliance with NI 43-101 and Form 43-101F1; and have prepared the report in conformity with generally accepted Canadian mining industry practice, and as of the date of the certificate, to the best of my knowledge, information and belief, the technical report contains all scientific and technical information that is required to be disclosed to make the technical report not misleading.

 

/s/ Velasquez Spring

Velasquez Spring, B.A.Sc., P.Eng.,
 March 14, 2011

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CERTIFICATE

This Certificate Applies to and Accompany
the Report titled "Technical Report on the Tayoltita, Santa Rita
and San Antonio Mines, Durango, Mexico
for Silver Wheaton Corp." dated March 14, 2011

I, Gordon Watts, do hereby certify that:

1.

2.

I reside at 347 Berkeley Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5A 2X6.

I am a graduate from the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario with a B.A.Sc. Degree in Mining Engineering (1966), and I have practised my profession continuously since 1970.

 

3.

I am a member of the Association of Professional Engineers Ontario (Membership Number 49149016).

 

4.

I am a Senior Associate Mineral Economist with Watts Griffis and McOuat Limited, a firm of consulting geologists and engineers, which has been authorized to practice professional engineering by Professional Engineers Ontario since 1969, and professional geoscience by the Association of Professional Geoscientists of Ontario.

 

5.

I am a qualified person for the purpose of NI 43-101. I have worked as a professional engineer for over 40 years since graduation. My relevant experience for the purpose of this Technical Report is:

  • The preparation of over 250 financial models during the past 28 years;

  • Skilled in tax modelling, risk analysis and Monte Carlo simulations;

  • Constructed numerous mining cash flows models for mining consulting companies e. g. Watts, Griffis and McOuat; Scott Wilson Roscoe Postle Associate; ACA Howe; MPH; Derry Michener Booth and Wahl; and

  • Prepared reports on mineral properties throughout Canada, the United States of America and internationally.

6.

I visited the mining properties during April 15 and 16, 2010.

7.

I was solely responsible for Section 20 of this report.

 

8.

I am independent of Silver Wheaton Corp., applying the definition of independence set out in Section 1.4 of NI 43-101.

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9.

Neither I, nor any affiliated entity of mine, is at present, under an agreement, arrangement or understanding or expects to become, an insider, associate, affiliated entity or employee of Silver Wheaton Corp., or any associated or affiliated entities.

 

10.

Neither I, nor any affiliated entity of mine own, directly or indirectly, nor expect to receive, any interest in the properties or securities of Silver Wheaton Corp., or any associated or affiliated companies.

 

11.

Neither I, nor any affiliated entity of mine, have earned the majority of our income during the preceding three years from Silver Wheaton Corp., or any associated or affiliated companies.

 

12.

I have read NI 43-101 and Form 43-101F1 and have prepared the technical report in compliance with NI 43-101 and Form 43-101F1; and have prepared the report in conformity with generally accepted Canadian mining industry practice, and as of the date of the certificate, to the best of my knowledge, information and belief, the technical report contains all scientific and technical information that is required to be disclosed to make the technical report not misleading.

 

/s/ Gordon Watts

Gordon Watts, B.A.Sc., P.Eng.
 March 14, 2011

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REFERENCES

Minas Luismin S.A. de C.V.
Jan. 2002 Data Room Index (selected items were reviewed by WGM from the following sections:
Section 5 Reserves and Resources, p. 18.
Sections 6.0 to 6.5 Operative Mines: Tayoltita, Santa Rita, San Antonio, San Martin and La Guitarra, pp. 19 to 50.
Section 7 Exploration Projects, pp. 35 to 50.

 

Society of Economic Geologists
2001 Geology of the Santa Rita Ag-Au Deposit, San Dimas District Durango, Mexico. SP8, pp. 39 to 58.
 
SRK Consulting
2002 Environmental Due Diligence Review of Active Mining Units Owned and Operated by Minas Luismin S.A. de C.V.

 

Watts, Griffis and McOuat Limited
2010 Technical Report on the Tayoltita, Santa Rita and San Antonio Mines Durango Mexico for Goldcorp Inc. and Mala Noche Resources Corp.
 
2009 An Audit of the Mineral Reserves/Resources Tayoltita, Santa Rita and San Antonio Mines as of December 31, 2009 for Goldcorp Inc.
 
2008 An Audit of the Mineral Reserves/Resources Tayoltita, Santa Rita and San Antonio Mines as of December 31, 2008 for Goldcorp Inc.
 
2007 An Audit of the Mineral Reserves/Resources Tayoltita, Santa Rita and San Antonio Mines as of December 31, 2007 for Goldcorp Inc.
 
2006 An Audit of the Mineral Reserves/Resources Tayoltita, Santa Rita and San Antonio Mines as of December 31, 2006 for Silver Wheaton Corp.
 
2004 An Audit of the Mineral Reserves/Resources Tayoltita, Santa Rita and San Antonio as of December 31, 2004 for Silver Wheaton Corp.
 
2002 A Technical Review of the Tayoltita, Santa Rita, San Antonio, La Guitarra and San Martin Operating Silver and Gold Mines in Mexico for Wheaton River Minerals Ltd.
 
2002 Technical review letter report re: Project Armstrong, pp. 1 to 18.

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Wheaton River Minerals Ltd.
2002 Trip Report by R. Gagnon.
2002 Trip Report by R.D. Bergen.
2002 Trip Report by Randy Smallwood.

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APPENDIX 1:
SAN DIMAS MINE, PRETAX NET CASH FLOW CALCULATION

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PRIMERO MINING CORPORATION
SAN DIMAS MINE, PRETAX NET CASH FLOW CALCULATION
    Total     Forecast    
  Units 2011-2015 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
METAL PRICES              

Gold

US$/oz 1,080.20 1,226 1,100 1,025 1,025 1,025

Silver - Spot

US$/oz 17.48 20.20 17.40 16.60 16.60 16.60

Silver - Contract

US$/oz 4.16 4.08 4.12 4.16 4.20 4.24
 
PRODUCTION              

Sinaloa Graben

t 1,016,800 8,000 51,000 269,600 318,600 369,600

Central Block

t 1,848,978 474,378 445,400 327,400 326,400 275,400

Santa Lucia

t 317,660 62,660 51,000 68,000 68,000 68,000

Santa Rita

t 236,000 - 68,000 68,000 50,000 50,000

Tayoltita

t 535,250 84,450 159,800 117,000 87,000 87,000

Total Ore Mined and Milled

t 3,954,688 629,488 775,200 850,000 850,000 850,000
 

Ore Grades

             

Gold Grade

g/t 5.44 5.20 5.48 5.20 5.60 5.64

Silver Grade

g/t 304 266 315 314 310 307
 

Metal Recoveries

             

Gold

% 97.0% 97.0% 97.0% 97.0% 97.0% 97.0%

Silver

% 94.0% 94.0% 94.0% 94.0% 94.0% 94.0%
 

Metal Production

             

Gold

kg 20,860 3,176 4,123 4,288 4,620 4,654
  ozs 670,663 102,125 132,542 137,851 148,524 149,621

Silver

kg 1,131,141 157,672 229,437 250,801 247,633 245,599
  ozs 36,367,031 5,069,274 7,376,562 8,063,443 7,961,572 7,896,180

Silver for Silver Wheaton Acct.

ozs 28,683,516 4,284,637 5,438,281 5,781,721 6,230,786 6,948,090
 

Metal Revenues

             

Gold

k$ 717,898 125,205 145,796 141,297 152,237 153,361

Silver for Primero Account

k$ 131,922 15,850 33,726 37,877 28,731 15,738

Silver for SW Account

k$ 119,620 17,481 22,408 24,059 26,184 29,488

Total Silver Revenue

k$ 251,542 33,331 56,134 61,935 54,915 45,226

Total Metal Revenue

k$ 969,440 158,536 201,930 203,233 207,153 198,588

Less: Refining

k$ 16,275 2,338 3,273 3,522 3,577 3,566

Net Revenue to Primero

k$ 953,164 156,199 198,657 199,711 203,576 195,022
 
OPERATING COSTS              

Mining

k$ 224,541 36,541 43,771 47,991 48,082 48,155

Processing

k$ 88,666 14,429 17,284 18,950 18,987 19,015

G&A

k$ 56,584 9,208 11,030 12,094 12,117 12,135

Total Operating Costs

k$ 369,790 60,179 72,086 79,035 79,186 79,305
 
EBITDA k$ 583,374 96,019 126,571 120,677 124,390 115,717
 
Net Cash Flow to Primero              

EBITDA

k$ 583,374 96,019 126,571 120,677 124,390 115,717

Less: Capital Investment

k$ 163,366 30,974 31,913 36,595 40,323 23,560
Net Pre-Tax Cash Flow k$ 420,008 65,045 94,658 84,081 84,067 92,157
Accum NCF to Primero k$ 420,008 65,045 159,703 243,784 327,851 420,008
 
Net Present Value of NCF 2011-2015 k$ 370,742 6% 362,055   7% 353,710
    345,689 9% 337,977   10% 330,558

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