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Debt
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2020
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Debt Debt
September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Convertible Bond Debt$114,120,000 $114,120,000 
Debt discount and debt issuance costs - Convertible Bond Debt(18,459,221)(21,316,856)
Convertible Bond Debt, net of debt discount and debt issuance costs95,660,779 92,803,144 
Norwegian Bond Debt184,000,000 188,000,000 
Debt discount and debt issuance costs - Norwegian Bond Debt(3,067,444)(4,132,690)
Less: Current portion - Norwegian Bond Debt(8,000,000)(8,000,000)
Norwegian Bond Debt, net of debt discount and debt issuance costs172,932,556 175,867,310 
New Ultraco Debt Facility 174,240,668 172,613,988 
Revolver loan under New Ultraco Debt Facility35,000,000 — 
Debt discount and Debt issuance costs - New Ultraco Debt Facility (3,450,196)(3,507,824)
Less: Current portion - New Ultraco Debt Facility (31,244,297)(27,709,394)
New Ultraco Debt Facility, net of debt discount and debt issuance costs174,546,175 141,396,770 
Super Senior Facility15,000,000 — 
Debt issuance costs - Super Senior Facility(117,323)— 
Super Senior Facility, net of debt discount and debt issuance costs14,882,677 — 
Total long-term debt $458,022,187 $410,067,224 

Convertible Bond Debt

On July 29, 2019, the Company issued $114.12 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 (the “Convertible Bond Debt”). After deducting debt discount of $1.6 million, the Company received net proceeds of approximately $112.5 million. Additionally, the Company incurred $1.0 million of debt issuance costs relating to this transaction. The Company used the proceeds to partially finance the purchase of six Ultramax vessels and for general corporate purposes, including working capital. The Company took delivery of the vessels in the third and fourth quarters of 2019.
The Convertible Bond Debt bears interest at a rate of 5.00% per annum on the outstanding principal amount thereof, payable semi-annually in arrears on February 1 and August 1 of each year, commencing on February 1, 2020. The Convertible
Bond Debt may bear additional interest upon certain events, as set forth in the indenture governing the Convertible Bond Debt (the "Indenture").

The Convertible Bond Debt will mature on August 1, 2024 (the “Maturity Date”), unless earlier repurchased, redeemed or converted pursuant to its terms. The Company may not otherwise redeem the Convertible Bond Debt prior to the Maturity Date.

    Each holder has the right to convert any portion of the Convertible Bond Debt, provided such portion is of $1,000 or a multiple thereof, at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the Maturity Date. The conversion rate of the Convertible Bond Debt after adjusting for the Reverse Stock Split effected on September 15, 2020 is 25.453 shares of the Company's common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Bond Debt (which is equivalent to a conversion price of approximately $39.29 per share of its common stock).

Upon conversion, the Company will pay or deliver, as the case may be, either cash, shares of its common stock or a combination of cash and shares of its common stock, at the Company’s election, to the holder, subject to shareholder approval requirements in accordance with the listing standards of the Nasdaq Global Select Market.

If the Company undergoes a fundamental change, as set forth in the Indenture, each holder may require the Company to repurchase all or part of their Convertible Bond Debt for cash in principal amounts of $1,000 or a multiple thereof. The fundamental change repurchase price will be equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Convertible Bond Debt to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest. If, however, the holders instead elect to convert their Convertible Bond Debt in connection with the fundamental change, the Company will be required to increase the conversion rate of the Convertible Bond Debt at a rate determined by a combination of the date the fundamental change occurs and the stock price of the Company's common stock on such date.

The Convertible Bond Debt is the general, unsecured senior obligations of the Company. It ranks: (i) senior in right of payment to any of the Company’s indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the Convertible Bond Debt; (ii) equal in right of payment to any of the Company’s unsecured indebtedness that is not so subordinated; (iii) effectively junior in right of payment to any of the Company’s secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness; and (iv) structurally junior to all indebtedness and other liabilities of current or future subsidiaries of the Company.

The Indenture also provides for customary events of default. Generally, if an event of default occurs and is continuing, then the trustee or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Convertible Bond Debt then outstanding may declare 100% of the principal of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all the Convertible Bond Debt then outstanding to be due and payable.

In accordance with ASC 470-Debt, the liability and equity components of convertible debt instruments that may be settled in cash upon conversion (including partial cash settlement) is to be separately accounted for in a manner that reflects the issuer's non-convertible debt borrowing rate. The guidance requires the initial proceeds received from the sale of convertible debt instruments to be allocated between a liability component and equity component in a manner that reflects the interest expense at the interest rate of similar non-convertible debt that could have been issued by the Company at the time of issuance. The Company accounted for the Convertible based on the above guidance and attributed a portion of the proceeds to the equity component. The resulting debt discount is amortized using effective interest method over the expected life of the Convertible Bond Debt as interest expense. Additionally, the debt discount and issuance costs were allocated based on the total amount incurred to the liability and equity components using the same proportions as the proceeds from the Convertible Bond Debt.

Share Lending Agreement

    In connection with the issuance of the Convertible Bond Debt, certain persons entered into an arrangement (the "Share Lending Agreement") to borrow up to 511,840 shares of the Company’s common stock through share lending arrangements from Jefferies LLC (“JCS”), an initial purchaser of the Convertible Bond Debt, which in turn entered into an arrangement to borrow the shares from an entity affiliated with Oaktree Capital Management, LP, one of the Company’s shareholders. The number of shares under the Share Lending Agreement have been adjusted for the Reverse Stock Split. As of September 30, 2020, the fair value of the 0.5 million outstanding loaned shares was $8.4 million based on the closing price of the common stock on September 30, 2020. In connection with the Share Lending Agreement, JCS paid $0.03 million representing a nominal fee per borrowed share, equal to the par value of the Company’s common stock.
    While the Share Lending Agreement does not require cash payment upon return of the shares, physical settlement is required (i.e., the loaned shares must be returned at the end of the arrangement). In view of this share return provision and other contractual undertakings of JCS in the share lending agreement, which have the effect of substantially eliminating the economic dilution that otherwise would result from the issuance of borrowed shares, the loaned shares are not considered issued and outstanding for the purpose of computing and reporting the Company's basic and diluted weighted average shares or earnings per share. If JCS were to file bankruptcy or commence similar administrative, liquidating or restructuring proceedings, the Company will have to consider 0.5 million shares lent to JCS as issued and outstanding for the purposes of calculating earnings per share.

New Ultraco Debt Facility

    On January 25, 2019, Ultraco Shipping LLC ("Ultraco"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into a senior secured credit facility, (the "New Ultraco Debt Facility"), which provides for an aggregate principal amount of $208.4 million, which consists of (i) a term loan facility of $153.4 million (the "Term Facility Loan") and (ii) a revolving credit facility of $55.0 million, of which $20.0 million was available as of September 30, 2020. The proceeds from the New Ultraco Debt Facility were used to repay the outstanding debt including accrued interest under the Original Ultraco Debt Facility (as defined below) and the New First Lien Facility (as defined below) in full and for general corporate purposes. Subject to certain conditions set forth in the New Ultraco Debt Facility, Ultraco may request an increase of up to $60.0 million in the aggregate principal amount of the Term Facility Loan. Outstanding borrowings under the New Ultraco Debt Facility bear interest at LIBOR plus 2.50% per annum. The Company paid $3.1 million as debt issuance costs to the lenders.

    On October 1, 2019, Ultraco, the Company, and certain initial and additional guarantors entered into a first amendment to the New Ultraco Debt Facility (the "First Amendment") to provide for incremental commitments and pursuant to which on October 4, 2019, Ultraco borrowed $34.3 million for general corporate purposes, including capital expenditures relating to the installation of scrubbers. The Company paid $0.4 million as debt issuance costs to the lenders.

On April 20, 2020, Ultraco, the Company, and certain initial and additional guarantors entered into a second amendment to the New Ultraco Debt Facility (the "Second Amendment") to provide for certain amendments to definitions of consolidated interest coverage ratio and consolidated earnings before interest, taxes and depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA"). The amendment provides that the calculation interest coverage ratio does not include amortization of debt discount, debt issuance costs and non-cash interest income. The definition of EBITDA has been updated to exclude stock based compensation from net loss.

On June 9, 2020, Ultraco, the Company, and certain initial and additional guarantors entered into the Third Amendment (the "Third Amendment") to the New Ultraco Debt Facility to provide for incremental commitments and pursuant to which on June 12, 2020, Ultraco borrowed $22.6 million for general corporate purposes which was secured by two Ultramaxes already owned by the Company, the M/V Hong Kong Eagle and M/V Santos Eagle. The Company paid $0.4 million as debt issuance costs to the lenders. The Company incurred an additional $0.3 million as deferred financing costs in relation to the transaction.

During the third quarter of 2020, the Company repaid $20.0 million of the outstanding revolver debt under the New Ultraco Debt Facility. As of September 30, 2020, the availability under the revolver facility is $20.0 million.

The New Ultraco Debt Facility matures on January 25, 2024 (the “New Ultraco Maturity Date”). Pursuant to the terms of the facility, Ultraco must repay the aggregate principal amount of $5.1 million in quarterly installments for the first year and $7.8 million in quarterly installments from the second year until the New Ultraco Maturity Date. Additionally, there are semi-annual catch up amortization payments from excess cash flow with a maximum cumulative payable of $4.6 million, with a final balloon payment of all remaining outstanding debt to be made on the New Ultraco Maturity Date.

Ultraco’s obligations under the New Ultraco Debt Facility are secured by, among other items, a first priority mortgage on 26 vessels owned by the Guarantors as identified in the New Ultraco Debt Facility and such other vessels that it may from time to time include with the approval of the Lenders (the “Ultraco Vessels”).

The New Ultraco Debt Facility contains financial covenants requiring the Company, on a consolidated basis excluding Shipco (as defined below) and any of Shipco’s subsidiaries (each, a “Restricted Subsidiary”) and any of the vessels owned by any Restricted Subsidiary, to maintain a minimum amount of free cash or cash equivalents in an amount not less than the greater of (i) $0.6 million per owned vessel and (ii) 7.5% of the total consolidated debt of the Company and its subsidiaries, excluding any Restricted Subsidiary, which currently consists of amounts outstanding under the New Ultraco Debt Facility. The New Ultraco Debt Facility also requires the Company to maintain a liquidity reserve of $0.6 million per Ultraco Vessel in an unblocked account. Additionally, the New Ultraco Debt Facility requires the Company, on a consolidated basis, excluding any Restricted
Subsidiary and the vessels owned by any Restricted Subsidiary, to maintain (i) a ratio of minimum value adjusted tangible equity to total assets ratio of not less than 0.30:1, (ii) a consolidated interest coverage ratio of not less than a range varying from 1.50 to 1.00 to 2.50 to 1.00, and (iii) a positive working capital. The New Ultraco Debt Facility also imposes operating restrictions on Ultraco and the Guarantors. The Company is in compliance with its financial covenants under the New Ultraco Debt Facility as of September 30, 2020.

Norwegian Bond Debt
 
On November 28, 2017, Eagle Bulk Shipco LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company ("Shipco" or "Issuer") issued $200,000,000 in aggregate principal amount of 8.25% Senior Secured Bonds (the "Bonds" or the "Norwegian Bond Debt"). After giving effect to an original issue discount of approximately 1% and deducting offering expenses of $3.1 million, the net proceeds from the issuance of the Bonds were approximately $195.0 million. These net proceeds from the Bonds, together with the proceeds from the New First Lien Facility and cash on hand, were used to repay all amounts outstanding, including accrued interest under various debt facilities outstanding at that time and to pay expenses associated with the refinancing transactions. Shipco incurred $1.3 million in other financing costs in connection with the transaction. Interest on the Bonds accrues at a rate of 8.25% per annum and the Bonds will mature on November 28, 2022. The Norwegian Bond Debt is guaranteed by the Issuer's subsidiaries and secured by mortgages over 23 vessels (the "Shipco Vessels"), pledges of the equity of the Issuer and its subsidiaries and certain assignments.

The Issuer may redeem some or all of the outstanding Bonds on the terms and conditions and prices set forth in the bond terms. Upon a change of control of the Company, each holder of the Bonds has the right to require that the Issuer purchase all or some of the Bonds held by such holder at a price equal to 101% of the nominal amount, plus accrued interest.

The bond terms contain certain financial covenants that the Issuer’s leverage ratio, defined as the ratio of outstanding bond amount and any drawn amounts under the Super Senior Facility less consolidated cash balance to the aggregate book value of the Shipco Vessels, must not exceed 75%, and its subsidiaries’ free liquidity must at all times be at least $12.5 million. Shipco is in compliance with its financial covenants under the bond terms as of September 30, 2020.

    In the third quarter of 2020, the Company sold one vessel, Goldeneye, for net proceeds of $4.6 million. During 2019, the Company sold four vessels, Kestrel, Thrasher, Condor and Merlin, for combined net proceeds of $29.6 million. Additionally, the Company sold one vessel, Thrush, in 2018 for net proceeds of $10.8 million. Pursuant to the bond terms governing the Norwegian Bond Debt, the proceeds from the sale of vessels are to be held in a restricted account to be used for the financing of the acquisition of additional vessels by Shipco and for partial funding of scrubbers. As a result, the Company recorded the proceeds from the sale of these vessels as restricted cash - current in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. During the fourth quarter of 2019, Shipco acquired one modern Ultramax vessel for $20.1 million which was paid from the restricted cash - current. As of September 30, 2020, the Company used $23.4 million of proceeds received from the sale of Shipco Vessels for the purchase of scrubbers.

    The bond terms also contain certain customary events of default. The bond terms also contain certain customary negative covenants that may restrict the Company's and the Issuer's ability to take certain actions.

Super Senior Facility
 
On December 8, 2017, Shipco entered into the Super Senior Revolving Facility Agreement (the "Super Senior Facility"), which provides for a revolving credit facility in an aggregate amount of up to $15.0 million. The proceeds of the Super Senior Facility are expected to be used (i) to acquire additional vessels or vessel owners and (ii) for general corporate and working capital purposes of Shipco and its subsidiaries. The Super Senior Facility matures on August 28, 2022. Shipco incurred $0.3 million as other financing costs in connection with the transaction.

As of September 30, 2020, $15.0 million was drawn down to be used for general corporate purposes.

The outstanding borrowings under the Super Senior Facility bear interest at LIBOR plus 2.00% per annum and commitment fees of 40% of the applicable margin on the undrawn portion of the facility. For each loan that is requested under the Super Senior Facility, Shipco must repay such loan along with accrued interest on the last day of each interest period relating to the loan.

Shipco’s obligations under the Super Senior Facility are guaranteed by the limited liability companies that are subsidiaries of Shipco and the legal and beneficial owners of 23 vessels in the Company’s fleet (the “Eagle Shipco Vessel
Owners”), and are secured by, among other things, mortgages over such vessels. The Super Senior Facility ranks super senior to the Bonds with respect to any proceeds from any enforcement action relating to security or guarantees for both the Super Senior Facility and the Bonds.

    The Super Senior Facility contains certain covenants that, subject to certain exceptions and qualifications, limit Shipco’s and its subsidiaries’ ability to, among other things, do the following: make distributions; carry out any merger, other business combination, or corporate reorganization; make substantial changes to the general nature of their respective businesses; incur certain indebtedness; incur liens; make loans or guarantees; make certain investments; transact other than on arm’s-length terms; enter into sale and leaseback transactions; engage in certain chartering-in of vessels; or dispose of shares of Eagle Shipco Vessel Owners. Additionally, Shipco’s leverage ratio must not exceed 75% and its subsidiaries’ free liquidity must at all times be at least $12.5 million. Also, the total commitments under the Super Senior Facility will be cancelled if (i) at any time the aggregate market value of the security vessels for the Super Senior Facility is less than 300% of the total commitments under the Super Senior Facility or (ii) if Shipco or any of its subsidiaries redeems or otherwise repays the Bonds so that less than $100.0 million is outstanding under the Bond Terms. Shipco is in compliance with its financial covenants under the Super Senior Facility as of September 30, 2020.

    The Super Senior Facility also contains certain customary events of default customary to the transactions of this type.

New First Lien Facility
 
On December 8, 2017, Eagle Shipping LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company ("Eagle Shipping") entered into a credit agreement (the "New First Lien Facility"), which provided for (i) a term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $60.0 million (the “Term Loan”) and (ii) a revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $5.0 million (the “Revolving Loan”).

On January 25, 2019, the Company repaid the outstanding balances of the Term Loan and the Revolving Loan together with accrued interest as of that date and discharged the debt under the New First Lien Facility in full from the proceeds of the New Ultraco Debt Facility. The Company accounted for the above transaction as a debt extinguishment. As a result, the Company recognized $1.1 million, representing the outstanding balance of debt issuance costs, as a loss on debt extinguishment in the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Original Ultraco Debt Facility
 
    On June 28, 2017, Ultraco, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into a credit agreement (the “Original Ultraco Debt Facility”), by and among Ultraco, as borrower, certain wholly-owned vessel-owning subsidiaries of Ultraco, as guarantors (the “Ultraco Guarantors”), and certain lenders thereto.

    On January 25, 2019, the Company repaid the outstanding balance of the Original Ultraco Debt facility and discharged the debt in full from the proceeds of the New Ultraco Debt Facility. The Company accounted for the above transaction as a debt extinguishment. As a result, the Company recognized $1.2 million, representing the outstanding balance of debt issuance costs, as a loss on debt extinguishment in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Interest Rates

2020

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the interest rate on the Convertible Bond Debt was 5.0%. The weighted average effective interest rate including the amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs for these periods was 10.14%.

For the three months ended September 30, 2020, the interest rate on the New Ultraco Debt Facility ranged from 2.73% to 4.28%, including a margin over LIBOR applicable under the terms of the New Ultraco Debt Facility and commitment fees of 40% of the margin on the undrawn portion of the revolver credit facility of the New Ultraco Debt Facility. The weighted average effective interest rate including the amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs for this period was 3.56%.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the interest rate on the New Ultraco Debt Facility ranged from 2.73% to 4.68%, including a margin over LIBOR applicable under the terms of the New Ultraco Debt Facility and commitment fees of 40%
of the margin on the undrawn portion of the revolver credit facility of the New Ultraco Debt Facility. The weighted average effective interest rate including the amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs for this period was 4.23%.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the interest rate on our outstanding debt under the Norwegian Bond Debt was 8.25%. The weighted average effective interest rate including the amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs for these periods was 9.01% and 8.96%, respectively.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the interest rate on our outstanding debt under the Super Senior Facility ranged between 2.43% and 2.89%. The weighted average effective interest rate including the amortization of debt issuance costs for these periods was 2.79% and 3.19%, respectively. Additionally, we pay commitment fees of 40% of the margin on the undrawn portion of the Super Senior Revolver Facility.

2019

    For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the interest rate on the New First Lien Facility, which was repaid on January 25, 2019 ranged between 5.89% and 6.01%, including a margin over LIBOR applicable under the terms of the New First Lien Facility and commitment fees of 40% of the margin on the undrawn portion of the revolver credit facility of the New First Lien Facility. The weighted average effective interest rate including the amortization of debt discount for this period was 6.45%.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the interest rate on the Convertible Bond Debt was 5.0%. The weighted average effective interest rate including the amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs for this period was 10.14%.

For the three months ended September 30, 2019, the interest rate on the New Ultraco Debt Facility ranged between 4.68% to 4.76% including a margin over LIBOR applicable under the terms of the New Ultraco Debt Facility and commitment fees of 40% of the margin on the undrawn portion of the revolver credit facility of the New Ultraco Debt Facility. The weighted average effective interest rate including the amortization of debt discount for this period was 5.27%.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the interest rate on the New Ultraco Debt Facility ranged from 4.15% to 5.26% including a margin over LIBOR applicable under the terms of the New Ultraco Debt Facility and commitment fees of 40% of the margin on the undrawn portion of the revolver credit facility of the New Ultraco Debt Facility. The weighted average effective interest rate including the amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs for this period was 4.93%.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the interest rate on the Norwegian Bond Debt was 8.25%. The weighted average effective interest rate including the amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs for these periods was 9.07% and 8.97%, respectively.

    For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the interest rate on the Original Ultraco Debt Facility, which was repaid on January 25, 2019, was 5.28% including a margin over LIBOR and commitment fees of 40% of the margin on the undrawn portion of the facility. The weighted average effective interest rate for this period was 6.80%.

The following table summarizes the Company’s total interest expense for:
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2020September 30, 2019September 30, 2020September 30, 2019
New First Lien Facility interest
$— $— $— $293,544 
Convertible Bond Debt interest1,426,500 951,050 4,279,450 951,050 
New Ultraco Debt Facility interest1,946,446 1,781,577 6,052,556 5,122,441 
Norwegian Bond Debt interest3,879,333 4,077,332 11,575,667 12,133,000 
Original Ultraco Debt Facility interest— — — 362,257 
Super Senior Facility interest93,121 — 123,727 — 
Amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs1,608,800 1,136,445 4,654,871 2,265,374 
Commitment fees on revolving credit facilities— 170,889 196,823 484,785 
Total Interest expense$8,954,200 $8,117,293 $26,883,094 $21,612,451 

Scheduled Debt Maturities
The following table presents the scheduled maturities of principal amounts of our debt obligations:
Norwegian Bond DebtSuper Senior FacilityNew Ultraco Debt Facility Convertible Bond Debt Total
Three months ending December 31, 2020$4,000,000 $— $7,811,074 $— $11,811,074 
20218,000,000 — 31,244,297 — 39,244,297 
2022172,000,000 15,000,000 31,244,297 — 218,244,297 
2023— — 31,244,297 — 31,244,297 
2024— — 107,696,703 114,120,000 221,816,703 
$184,000,000 $15,000,000 $209,240,668 $114,120,000 $522,360,668