Restructuring

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its business and objectives to ensure that it is properly configured and sized based on changing market conditions. Accordingly, the Company has implemented several restructuring initiatives, including closure or consolidation of facilities throughout the world and the reorganization of its operating structure.

The Company’s restructuring charges consist of severance, retention and outplacement services, and severance-related postemployment benefits (collectively, “employee separation costs”), other related exit costs and asset impairments related to restructuring activities. Employee separation costs are recorded based on existing union and employee contracts, statutory requirements, completed negotiations and Company policy.

Restructuring expense by segment for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 was as follows:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2020		2019		2018
North America	$	16,499	$	10,831	$	5,413
Europe	14,573		23,525		17,765
Asia Pacific	4,773		6,781		6,290
South America	2,129		37		254
Total Automotive	37,974		41,174		29,722
Corporate and other	1,508		9,928		—
Total	$	39,482	$	51,102	$	29,722

Restructuring activity for all restructuring initiatives for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 was as follows:


	Employee Separation Costs		Other Exit Costs		Total
Balance as of December 31, 2018	$	9,398	$	3,829	$	13,227
Expense	34,354		16,748		51,102
Cash payments	(20,661)		(13,285)		(33,946)
Non-cash fixed asset impairments included in expense	—		(2,997)		(2,997)
Foreign exchange translation and other	(101)		(290)		(391)
Balance as of December 31, 2019	$	22,990	$	4,005	$	26,995
Expense	17,926		21,556		39,482
Cash payments	(25,261)		(15,071)		(40,332)
Non-cash fixed asset and intangible impairments included in expense	—		(2,558)		(2,558)
Foreign exchange translation and other	(626)		474		(152)
Balance as of December 31, 2020	$	15,029	$	8,406	$	23,435

Other exit costs and employee separation costs for the year ended December 31, 2020 include non-cash settlement charges, fixed asset and intangible impairment charges related to divested or closed facilities, and gain on sale of fixed assets related to a closed facility.