Restructuring

On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its business and objectives to ensure that it is properly configured and sized based on changing market conditions. Accordingly, the Company has initiated certain restructuring initiatives, including plant rationalizations and targeted workforce reduction efforts, as deemed appropriate.

In addition to previously initiated actions, in January 2015, the Company announced its intention to further restructure its European manufacturing footprint based on the then current and anticipated market demands. The total estimated cost of this initiative, which is expected to be completed in 2017, is approximately $125,000, of which approximately $78,000 has been incurred to date.

The Company previously implemented several other restructuring initiatives, including the closure or consolidation of facilities throughout the world and the reorganization of the Company's operating structure. While substantially complete, the Company continues to incur costs with respect to some of these initiatives, primarily related to the disposal of the respective facilities.

The Company's restructuring charges consist of severance, retention and outplacement services, and severance-related postemployment benefits (collectively, “employee separation costs”), other related exit costs and asset impairments related to restructuring activities.

The following table summarizes the restructuring expense by segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2016		2015		2016		2015
North America	$	306	$	1,342	$	1,661	$	3,062
Europe	9,691		7,134		30,184		31,683
Asia Pacific	433		64		1,623		64
Total	$	10,430	$	8,540	$	33,468	$	34,809

The following table summarizes the activity for restructuring initiatives for the nine months ended September 30, 2016:



	Employee Separation Costs			Other Exit Costs			Total
Balance as of December 31, 2015	$	32,707		$	1,768		$	34,475
Expense	12,345			21,123			33,468
Cash payments	(24,363		)	(21,248		)	(45,611		)
Foreign exchange translation and other	1,251			181			1,432
Balance as of September 30, 2016	$	21,940		$	1,824		$	23,764