3. Restructuring

Restructuring activities initiated prior to 2012

The Company implemented several restructuring initiatives in prior years including the closure or consolidation of facilities throughout the world, the establishment of a centralized shared services function in Europe and the reorganization of the Company’s operating structure. The Company commenced these initiatives prior to December 31, 2012 and continued to execute these initiatives during 2013. The majority of the costs associated with these initiatives were incurred shortly after the original implementation. However, the Company continues to incur costs on some of the initiatives related principally to the disposal of the respective facilities.

The following table summarizes the restructuring expense for these initiatives for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2013:


	Three Months Ended					Six Months Ended
	June 30,					June 30,
	2012			2013		2012			2013
Employee separation costs	$	(2,110	)	$	100	$	(1,811	)	$	245
Other exit costs		1,183			239		3,373			1,142
Asset Impairments		(111	)		—		147			87
Postretirement benefit curtailment gain		—			—		(1,539	)		—

	$	(1,038	)	$	339	$	170		$	1,474

The following table summarizes the activity in the restructuring liability for these initiatives for the six months ended June 30, 2013:


	Employee Separation Costs			Other Exit Costs			Asset Impairments			Total
Balance at January 1, 2013	$	2,054		$	61		$	—		$	2,115
Expense		245			1,142			87			1,474
Cash payments		(709	)		(1,120	)		—			(1,829	)
Utilization of reserve		—			—			(87	)		(87	)

Balance at June 30, 2013	$	1,590		$	83		$	—		$	1,673

Restructuring activities initiated in 2012

During 2012, the Company initiated the restructuring of certain facilities in Europe to change the Company’s European footprint to improve operating performance. The majority of the costs have been recognized, however, additional costs may be incurred. The Company has recognized $23,505 of costs related to these initiatives.

The following table summarizes the restructuring expense for these initiatives for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2013:


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2012		2013		2012		2013
Employee separation costs	$	5,256	$	612	$	5,256	$	2,616
Other exit costs		—		137		—		137

	$	5,256	$	749	$	5,256	$	2,753

The following table summarizes the activity in the restructuring liability for these initiatives for the six months ended June 30, 2013:


	Employee Separation Costs			Other Exit Costs			Asset Impairments		Total
Balance at January 1, 2013	$	13,507		$	—		$	—	$	13,507
Expense		2,616			137			—		2,753
Cash payments and foreign exchange translation		(11,126	)		(137	)		—		(11,263	)

Balance at June 30, 2013	$	4,997		$	—		$	—	$	4,997

In the first quarter of 2012, the Company initiated the closure of a facility in North America and a restructuring liability of $4,886 was recorded. During the second quarter of 2012, the Company was able to negotiate a new contract with the union, therefore enabling the facility to remain open. As a result, $4,725 of restructuring expense was reversed during June, 2012.

Restructuring activities initiated in 2013

In the first quarter of 2013, the Company eliminated certain positions within the organization that resulted in restructuring expense of $1,621. As of June 30, 2013, there is a liability of $1,621 associated with this initiative recorded on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet. No additional expense is expected to be incurred related to this initiative.