wmg-10q_20170331.htm

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.) Yes ☐ No ☒

There is no public market for the Registrant’s common stock. As of May 8, 2017 the number of shares of the Registrant’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share, outstanding was 1,055. All of the Registrant’s common stock is owned by affiliates of Access Industries, Inc. The Registrant has filed all Exchange Act reports for the preceding 12 months.

	March 31,			September 30,
	2017			2016
	(in millions)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and equivalents	$	476		$	359
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $51 million and $52 million		361			329
Inventories		36			41
Royalty advances expected to be recouped within one year		125			128
Prepaid and other current assets		57			51
Total current assets		1,055			908
Royalty advances expected to be recouped after one year		194			196
Property, plant and equipment, net		197			203
Goodwill		1,614			1,627
Intangible assets subject to amortization, net		2,056			2,201
Intangible assets not subject to amortization		116			116
Other assets		72			84
Total assets	$	5,304		$	5,335
Liabilities and Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	200		$	204
Accrued royalties		1,151			1,104
Accrued liabilities		260			297
Accrued interest		45			38
Deferred revenue		175			178
Other current liabilities		24			21
Total current liabilities		1,855			1,842
Long-term debt		2,767			2,778
Deferred tax liabilities, net		254			269
Other noncurrent liabilities		241			236
Total liabilities	$	5,117		$	5,125
Equity:
Common stock ($0.001 par value; 10,000 shares authorized; 1,055 shares issued and outstanding)	$	—		$	—
Additional paid-in capital		1,128			1,128
Accumulated deficit		(726	)		(715	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net		(232	)		(218	)
Total Warner Music Group Corp. equity		170			195
Noncontrolling interest		17			15
Total equity		187			210
Total liabilities and equity	$	5,304		$	5,335

	Six Months Ended
	March 31,
	2017			2016
	(in millions)
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$	44		$	40
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		126			150
Unrealized gains and remeasurement of foreign denominated loans		(1	)		(2	)
Deferred income taxes		(12	)		(10	)
Loss on extinguishment of debt		32			4
Net loss on divestitures and investments		6			3
Gain on sale of real estate		—			(19	)
Non-cash interest expense		5			5
Equity-based compensation expense		17			4
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		(41	)		25
Inventories		3			(1	)
Royalty advances		1			(21	)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		(43	)		(41	)
Royalty payables		75			35
Accrued interest		7			(5	)
Deferred revenue		(4	)		2
Other balance sheet changes		11			3
Net cash provided by operating activities		226			172
Cash flows from investing activities
Acquisition of music publishing rights, net		(6	)		(12	)
Capital expenditures		(18	)		(23	)
Investments and acquisitions of businesses, net		(6	)		(8	)
Divestitures, net		18			6
Proceeds from the sale of real estate		—			42
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities		(12	)		5
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from issuance of Acquisition Corp. 4.125% Senior Secured Notes		380			—
Proceeds from issuance of Acquisition Corp. 4.875% Senior Secured Notes		250			—
Proceeds from issuance of Acquisition Corp. Senior Term Loan Facility		22			—
Repayment of Acquisition Corp. Senior Term Loan Facility		—			(6	)
Repayment of Acquisition Corp. 6.00% Senior Secured Notes		(450	)		—
Repayment of Acquisition Corp. 6.25% Senior Secured Notes		(173	)		—
Repayment of Acquisition Corp. 5.625% Senior Secured Notes		(28	)		—
Repayment of Holdings 13.75% Senior Notes		—			(50	)
Repayment of Acquisition Corp. 6.75% Senior Notes		—			(24	)
Call premiums paid on early redemption of debt		(27	)		(3	)
Deferred financing costs paid		(12	)		—
Distribution to noncontrolling interest holder		(1	)		(3	)
Dividends paid		(54	)		—
Repayment of capital lease obligations		—			(14	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(93	)		(100	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and equivalents		(4	)		(7	)
Net increase in cash and equivalents		117			70
Cash and equivalents at beginning of period		359			246
Cash and equivalents at end of period	$	476		$	316

Warner Music Group Corp. (the “Company”) was formed on November 21, 2003. The Company is the direct parent of WMG Holdings Corp. (“Holdings”), which is the direct parent of WMG Acquisition Corp. (“Acquisition Corp.”). Acquisition Corp. is one of the world’s major music-based content companies.

Pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of May 6, 2011 (the “Merger Agreement”), by and among the Company, AI Entertainment Holdings LLC (formerly Airplanes Music LLC), a Delaware limited liability company (“Parent”), and an affiliate of Access Industries, Inc. (“Access”), and Airplanes Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of Parent (“Merger Sub”), on July 20, 2011 (the “Merger Closing Date”) Merger Sub merged with and into the Company with the Company surviving as a wholly owned subsidiary of Parent (the “Merger”). In connection with the Merger, the Company delisted its common stock from the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”). The Company continues to voluntarily file with the SEC current and periodic reports that would be required to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as provided for in certain covenants contained in the agreements governing its outstanding indebtedness.

On July 1, 2013, the Company completed its acquisition of Parlophone Label Group (the “PLG Acquisition”).

The Company classifies its business interests into two fundamental operations: Recorded Music and Music Publishing. A brief description of these operations is presented below.

The Company’s Recorded Music business primarily consists of the discovery and development of artists and the related marketing, distribution and licensing of recorded music produced by such artists. The Company plays an integral role in virtually all aspects of the recorded music value chain from discovering and developing talent to producing albums and marketing and promoting artists and their products.

In the United States, Recorded Music operations are conducted principally through the Company’s major record labels—Warner Bros. Records and Atlantic Records. The Company’s Recorded Music operations also include Rhino, a division that specializes in marketing the Company’s music catalog through compilations and reissuances of previously released music and video titles. The Company also conducts its Recorded Music operations through a collection of additional record labels, including Asylum, Big Beat, Canvasback, Eastwest, Elektra, Erato, FFRR, Fueled by Ramen, Nonesuch, Parlophone, Reprise, Roadrunner, Sire, Warner Classics and Warner Music Nashville.

Outside the United States, Recorded Music activities are conducted in more than 50 countries through various subsidiaries, affiliates and non-affiliated licensees. Internationally, the Company engages in the same activities as in the United States: discovering and signing artists and distributing, marketing and selling their recorded music. In most cases, the Company also markets and distributes the records of those artists for whom the Company’s domestic record labels have international rights. In certain smaller markets, the Company licenses the right to distribute the Company’s records to non-affiliated third-party record labels. The Company’s international artist services operations include a network of concert promoters through which it provides resources to coordinate tours for the Company’s artists and other artists as well as management companies that guide artists with respect to their careers.

The Company’s Recorded Music distribution operations include Warner-Elektra-Atlantic Corporation (“WEA Corp.”), which markets and sells music and video products to retailers and wholesale distributors; Alternative Distribution Alliance (“ADA”), which distributes the products of independent labels to retail and wholesale distributors; and various distribution centers and ventures operated internationally.

In addition to the Company’s Recorded Music products being sold in physical retail outlets, Recorded Music products are also sold in physical form to online physical retailers such as Amazon.com, barnesandnoble.com and bestbuy.com and in digital form to online digital download services such as Apple’s iTunes and Google Play, and are offered by digital streaming services such as Apple Music, Deezer, Napster, Spotify and YouTube, including digital radio services such as iHeart Radio, Pandora and Sirius XM.

The Company has integrated the exploitation of digital content into all aspects of its business, including artist and repertoire (“A&R”), marketing, promotion and distribution. The Company’s business development executives work closely with A&R departments to ensure that while a record is being produced, digital assets are also created with all distribution channels in mind, including streaming services, social networking sites, online portals and music-centered destinations. The Company also works side by side with its online and mobile partners to test new concepts. The Company believes existing and new digital businesses will be a significant source of growth and will provide new opportunities to successfully monetize its assets and create new revenue streams. The proportion of digital revenues attributed to each distribution channel varies by region and proportions may change as the roll out of new technologies continues. As an owner of music content, the Company believes it is well positioned to take advantage of growth in digital distribution and emerging technologies to maximize the value of its assets.

The Company has diversified its revenues beyond its traditional businesses by entering into expanded-rights deals with recording artists in order to partner with artists in other aspects of their careers. Under these agreements, the Company provides services to and participates in artists’ activities outside the traditional recorded music business such as touring, merchandising and sponsorships. The Company has built artist services capabilities and platforms for exploiting this broader set of music-related rights and participating more widely in the monetization of the artist brands it helps create.

The Company believes that entering into expanded-rights deals and enhancing its artist services capabilities in areas such as concert promotion and management have permitted it to diversify revenue streams and capitalize on other revenue opportunities. This provides for improved long-term relationships with artists and allows the Company to more effectively connect artists and fans.

While recorded music is focused on exploiting a particular recording of a composition, music publishing is an intellectual property business focused on the exploitation of the composition itself. In return for promoting, placing, marketing and administering the creative output of a songwriter, or engaging in those activities for other rightsholders, the Company’s Music Publishing business garners a share of the revenues generated from use of the composition.

The Company’s Music Publishing operations are conducted principally through Warner/Chappell, its global Music Publishing company, headquartered in Los Angeles with operations in over 50 countries through various subsidiaries, affiliates and non-affiliated licensees. The Company owns or controls rights to more than one million musical compositions, including numerous pop hits, American standards, folk songs and motion picture and theatrical compositions. Assembled over decades, its award-winning catalog includes over 70,000 songwriters and composers and a diverse range of genres including pop, rock, jazz, classical, country, R&B, hip-hop, rap, reggae, Latin, folk, blues, symphonic, soul, Broadway, techno, alternative, gospel and other Christian music. Warner/Chappell also administers the music and soundtracks of several third-party television and film producers and studios, including Hallmark Entertainment and Disney Music Publishing. The Company has an extensive production music library collectively branded as Warner/Chappell Production Music.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and six month period ended March 31, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2017.

The consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2016 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements.

For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016 (File No. 001-32502).

The accompanying financial statements present the consolidated accounts of all entities in which the Company has a controlling voting interest and/or variable interest required to be consolidated in accordance with U.S. GAAP. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 810, Consolidation (“ASC 810”), requires the Company first evaluate its investments to determine if any investments qualify as a variable interest entity (“VIE”). A VIE is consolidated if the Company is deemed to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE, which is the party involved with the VIE that has both (i) the power to control the most significant activities of the VIE and (ii) either the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. If an entity is not deemed to be a VIE, the Company consolidates the entity if the Company has a controlling voting interest.

The Company maintains a 52-53 week fiscal year ending on the last Friday in each reporting period. As such, all references to March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016 relate to the periods ended March 31, 2017 and March 25, 2016, respectively. For convenience purposes, the Company continues to date its financial statements as of March 31. The fiscal year ended September 30, 2016 ended on September 30, 2016.

The Company has performed a review of all subsequent events through the date the financial statements were issued, and has determined that no additional disclosures are necessary.

At the end of each interim period, the Company makes its best estimate of the effective tax rate expected to be applicable for the full fiscal year and uses that rate to provide for income taxes on a current year-to-date basis before discrete items. If a reliable estimate of the annual effective tax rate cannot be made, which could be caused by the significant variability in rates when marginal earnings are expected for the year, a discrete tax rate is calculated for the period.

During the first quarter of fiscal 2017, the Company adopted ASU 2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs (“ASU 2015-03”). ASU 2015-03 requires that debt issuance costs are presented as a direct deduction to the related debt in the liability section of the balance sheet, rather than presented as an asset. The Company has elected to adopt this standard retrospectively, and thus the Company reclassified prior period balances. The application of ASU 2015-03 to the Company’s September 30, 2016 Consolidated Balance Sheets resulted in a decrease to other assets of $34 million and a decrease to long-term debt of $34 million.

In May 2014, the FASB issued guidance codified in ASC 606, Revenue Recognition – Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), which replaces the guidance in former ASC 605, Revenue Recognition and ASC 928, Entertainment – Music. The amendment was the result of a joint effort by the FASB and the International Accounting Standards Board to improve financial reporting by creating common revenue recognition guidance for U.S. GAAP and international financial reporting standards ("IFRS"). The joint project clarifies the principles for recognizing revenue and develops a common revenue standard for U.S. GAAP and IFRS. ASC 606 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those years. Early adoption is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. The update may be applied using one of two methods: retrospective application to each prior reporting period presented, or retrospective application with the cumulative effect of initially applying the update recognized at the date of initial application. The Company is currently evaluating the transition method that will be elected and the impact of the update on its financial statements and disclosures.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (“ASU 2016-01”). This ASU will require that equity investments are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. The Company may elect to measure equity investments that do not have a readily determinable fair value at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price. ASU 2016-01 will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those years. Earlier adoption is permitted. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements, other than disclosure.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (“ASU 2016-02”). This ASU establishes a right-of-use (“ROU”) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the statement of operations. ASU 2016-02 will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those years. Earlier adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard on its financial statements and disclosures.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation ("ASU 2016-09"). This ASU provides amended guidance which simplifies the accounting for share-based payment transactions involving multiple aspects of the accounting for share-based transactions, including income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard on its financial statements and disclosures.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows: Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments ("ASU 2016-15"). This ASU provides specific guidance of how certain cash receipts and cash payments should be presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those years. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements, other than presentation.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, Income Taxes: Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory ("ASU 2016-16"). This ASU requires the recognition of current and deferred income taxes for intra-entity asset transfers when the transaction occurs. ASU 2016-16 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those years. Early adoption is permitted using the modified retrospective approach with a cumulative-effect to opening retained earnings in the period of adoption. The Company does not plan to early adopt this standard and the impact upon the required adoption date is not known or reasonably estimable.

Comprehensive loss, which is reported in the accompanying consolidated statements of equity, consists of net income (loss) and other gains and losses affecting equity that, under U.S. GAAP, are excluded from net income (loss). For the Company, the components of other comprehensive loss primarily consist of foreign currency translation losses and minimum pension liabilities. The following summary sets forth the changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of related taxes of $7 million:

The following analysis details the changes in goodwill for each reportable segment:

The Company performs its annual goodwill impairment test in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and other (“ASC 350”) during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year as of July 1. The Company may conduct an earlier review if events or circumstances occur that would suggest the carrying value of the Company’s goodwill may not be recoverable. No indicators of impairment were identified during the current period that required the Company to perform an interim assessment or recoverability test.

On October 18, 2016, Acquisition Corp. issued €345 million in aggregate principal amount of its 4.125% Senior Secured Notes due 2024 and $250 million in aggregate principal amount of its 4.875% Senior Secured Notes due 2024. Acquisition Corp. used the net proceeds to pay the consideration in the tender offers and satisfy and discharge its 2021 Senior Secured Notes as described below.

On October 18, 2016, Acquisition Corp. accepted for purchase in connection with tender offers for its 6.000% Senior Secured Notes due 2021 (the “Existing Dollar Notes”) and 6.250% Senior Secured Notes due 2021 (the “Existing Euro Notes” and, together with the Existing Dollar Notes, the “2021 Senior Secured Notes”) the 2021 Senior Secured Notes that had been validly tendered and not validly withdrawn on October 17, 2016 (the “Expiration Time”). Acquisition Corp. then issued a notice of redemption on October 18, 2016 with respect to the remaining 2021 Senior Secured Notes not accepted for payment pursuant to the tender offers. Following payment of the 2021 Senior Secured Notes tendered at or prior to the Expiration Time, Acquisition Corp. deposited with the Trustee for the 2021 Senior Secured Notes not accepted for purchase in the tender offers funds sufficient to satisfy all obligations remaining to the date of redemption, which redemption date was January 15, 2017, under the applicable indenture governing the 2021 Senior Secured Notes. The Company recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of approximately $31 million, which represented the premium paid on early redemption and unamortized deferred financing costs. These transactions are collectively referred to as the “October 2016 Refinancing Transactions.”

On November 21, 2016, Acquisition Corp. received lender consent to an amendment (the “November 2016 Senior Term Loan Credit Agreement Amendment”) to the Senior Term Loan Credit Agreement governing Acquisition Corp.’s Senior Term Loan Facility, which extended the maturity date of the Senior Term Loan Credit Agreement to November 1, 2023, subject, in certain circumstances, to a springing maturity inside the maturity date of certain of Acquisition Corp.’s other outstanding indebtedness and increased the principal amount outstanding by $27.5 million to $1.006 billion and increased the original issue discount by $5 million to $8 million. Acquisition Corp. used the proceeds from the November 2016 Senior Term Loan Credit Agreement Amendment to redeem $27.5 million of the 5.625% Senior Secured Notes due 2022 and to pay fees, costs and expenses related to the transactions.

On November 21, 2016, Acquisition Corp. redeemed $27.5 million, or 10%, of its outstanding 5.625% Senior Secured Notes due 2022. The Company recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of approximately $1 million, which represents the premium paid on early redemption and unamortized deferred financing costs.

The loans under the Revolving Credit Facility bear interest at Acquisition Corp.’s election at a rate equal to (i) the rate for deposits in the borrowing currency in the London interbank market (adjusted for maximum reserves) for the applicable interest period (“Revolving LIBOR”), plus 2.00% per annum, or (ii) the base rate, which is the highest of (x) the corporate base rate established by the administrative agent from time to time, (y) 0.50% in excess of the overnight federal funds rate and (z) the three-month Revolving LIBOR plus 1.0% per annum, plus, in each case, 1.00% per annum. If there is a payment default at any time, then the interest rate applicable to overdue principal will be the rate otherwise applicable to such loan plus 2.0% per annum. Default interest will also be payable on other overdue amounts at a rate of 2.0% per annum above the amount that would apply to an alternative base rate loan.

The loans under the Senior Term Loan Facility bear interest at Acquisition Corp.’s election at a rate equal to (i) the rate for deposits in U.S. dollars in the London interbank market (adjusted for maximum reserves) for the applicable interest period (“Term Loan LIBOR”), plus 2.75% per annum, or (ii) the base rate, which is the highest of (x) the corporate base rate established by the administrative agent as its prime rate in effect at its principal office in New York City from time to time, (y) 0.50% in excess of the overnight federal funds rate and (z) three-month Term Loan LIBOR, plus 1.00% per annum, plus, in each case, 1.75% per annum. The loans under the Senior Term Loan Facility are subject to a Term Loan LIBOR “floor” of 1.00%. If there is a payment default at any time, then the interest rate applicable to overdue principal and interest will be the rate otherwise applicable to such loan plus 2.0% per annum. Default interest will also be payable on other overdue amounts at a rate of 2.0% per annum above the amount that would apply to an alternative base rate loan.

The loans outstanding under the Senior Term Loan Facility mature on November 1, 2023, subject, in certain circumstances, to a springing maturity inside the maturity of certain of Acquisition Corp.’s other indebtedness.

As of March 31, 2017, there are no scheduled maturities of notes until 2022, when $883 million is scheduled to mature. Thereafter, $919 million is scheduled to mature.

Total interest expense, net, was $36 million and $43 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016, respectively. Total interest expense, net, was $76 million and $88 million for the six months ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016, respectively. The weighted-average interest rate of the Company’s total debt was 4.9% at March 31, 2017, 5.3% at September 30, 2016, and 5.4% at March 31, 2016.

On December 20, 2005 and February 3, 2006, the Attorney General of the State of New York served the Company with requests for information in connection with an industry-wide investigation as to the pricing of digital music downloads. On February 28, 2006, the Antitrust Division of the U.S. Department of Justice served us with a Civil Investigative Demand, also seeking information relating to the pricing of digitally downloaded music. Both investigations were ultimately closed, but subsequent to the announcements of the investigations, more than thirty putative class action lawsuits were filed concerning the pricing of digital music downloads. The lawsuits were consolidated in the Southern District of New York. The consolidated amended complaint, filed on April 13, 2007, alleges conspiracy among record companies to delay the release of their content for digital distribution, inflate their pricing of CDs and fix prices for digital downloads. The complaint seeks unspecified compensatory, statutory and treble damages. On October 9, 2008, the District Court issued an order dismissing the case as to all defendants, including us. However, on January 12, 2010, the Second Circuit vacated the judgment of the District Court and remanded the case for further proceedings and on January 10, 2011, the U.S. Supreme Court denied the defendants’ petition for Certiorari.

Upon remand to the District Court, all defendants, including the Company, filed a renewed motion to dismiss challenging, among other things, plaintiffs’ state law claims and standing to bring certain claims. The renewed motion was based mainly on arguments made in defendants’ original motion to dismiss, but not addressed by the District Court. On July 18, 2011, the District Court granted defendants’ motion in part, and denied it in part. Notably, all claims on behalf of the CD-purchaser class were dismissed with prejudice. However, a wide variety of state and federal claims remain for the class of Internet download purchasers. On March 19, 2014, plaintiffs filed a motion for class certification, which has now been fully briefed. Plaintiffs filed an operative consolidated amended complaint on September 25, 2015. The Company filed its answer to the fourth amended complaint on October 9, 2015, and filed an amended answer on November 3, 2015. A mediation took place on February 22, 2016, but the parties were unable to reach a resolution. The Company intends to defend against these lawsuits vigorously, but is unable to predict the outcome of these suits. Regardless of the merits of the claims, this and any related litigation could continue to be costly, and divert the time and resources of management. The potential outcomes of these claims that are reasonably possible cannot be determined at this time and an estimate of the reasonably possible loss or range of loss cannot presently be made.

On September 11, 2013, the Company joined with Capitol Records, LLC, Sony Music Entertainment, UMG Recordings, Inc. and ABKCO Music & Records, Inc. in a lawsuit brought in California Superior Court against Sirius XM Radio Inc., alleging copyright infringement for Sirius XM’s use of pre-1972 sound recordings under California law. A nation-wide settlement was reached on June 17, 2015 pursuant to which Sirius XM paid the plaintiffs, in the aggregate, $210 million on July 29, 2015 and the plaintiffs dismissed their lawsuit with prejudice. The settlement resolves all past claims as to Sirius XM’s use of pre-1972 recordings owned or controlled by the plaintiffs and enables Sirius XM, without any additional payment, to reproduce, perform and broadcast such recordings in the United States through December 31, 2017. As part of the settlement, Sirius XM has the right, to be exercised before December 31, 2017, to enter into a license with each plaintiff to reproduce, perform and broadcast its pre-1972 recordings from January 1, 2018 through December 31, 2022. The royalty rate for each such license will be determined by negotiation or, if the parties are unable to agree, binding arbitration on a willing buyer/willing seller standard. The allocation of the settlement proceeds among the plaintiffs was determined and the settlement proceeds were distributed accordingly. This resulted in a cash distribution to the Company of $33 million of which $28 million was recognized in revenue during the 2016 fiscal year and $2 million was recognized in revenue during the 2017 fiscal year. The balance will be recognized in revenue ratably over the next three quarters. The Company is sharing its allocation of the settlement proceeds with its artists on the same basis as statutory revenue from Sirius XM is shared, i.e., the artist share of our allocation is being paid to artists by SoundExchange.

In addition to the matters discussed above, the Company is involved in various litigation and regulatory proceedings arising in the normal course of business. Where it is determined, in consultation with counsel based on litigation and settlement risks, that a loss is probable and estimable in a given matter, the Company establishes an accrual. In the currently pending proceedings, the amount of accrual is not material. An estimate of the reasonably possible loss or range of loss in excess of the amounts already accrued cannot be made at this time due to various factors typical in contested proceedings, including (1) the results of ongoing discovery; (2) uncertain damage theories and demands; (3) a less than complete factual record; (4) uncertainty concerning legal theories and their resolution by courts or regulators; and (5) the unpredictable nature of the opposing party and its demands. However, the Company cannot predict with certainty the outcome of any litigation or the potential for future litigation. As such, the Company continuously monitors these proceedings as they develop and adjusts any accrual or disclosure as needed. Regardless of the outcome, litigation could have an adverse impact on the Company, including the Company’s brand value, because of defense costs, diversion of management resources and other factors and it could have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations for a given reporting period.

For the three and six months ended March 31, 2017, the Company recorded an income tax expense of $3 million and $20 million, respectively. The tax expense for the three and six months ended March 31, 2017 is lower than the expected tax expense at the statutory tax rate of 35% primarily due to the U.S. tax benefit of a realized foreign currency loss on an intra-entity loan reduced by a related valuation allowance and further offset by income withholding taxes and foreign losses with no tax benefit.

For the three and six months ended March 31, 2016, the Company recorded an income tax expense of $15 million and $12 million, respectively. The tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2016 was higher than the expected tax expense at the statutory tax rate of 35% primarily due to income withholding taxes, foreign losses with no tax benefit and an increase in uncertain tax positions. The tax expense for the six months ended March 31, 2016 was lower than the expected tax expense at the statutory tax rate of 35% primarily due to a $10 million benefit for changes in statutory tax rates in foreign jurisdictions and reduction in valuation allowance, partially offset by income withholding taxes, foreign losses with no tax benefit and an increase in uncertain tax positions.

The Company’s gross unrecognized tax benefits decreased during the three months ended March 31, 2017 by $13 million due primarily to the finalization of an agreement with the United Kingdom (“U.K.”) tax authority. The Company has determined that it is reasonably possible that the gross unrecognized tax benefits as of March 31, 2017 could decrease by up to approximately $3 million related to various ongoing audits and settlement discussions in various foreign jurisdictions during the next twelve months.

The Company uses derivative financial instruments, primarily foreign currency forward exchange contracts, for the purpose of managing foreign currency exchange risk by reducing the effects of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.

The Company enters into foreign currency forward exchange contracts primarily to hedge the risk that unremitted or future royalties and license fees owed to its domestic companies for the sale, or anticipated sale, of U.S.-copyrighted products abroad may be adversely affected by changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The Company focuses on managing the level of exposure to the risk of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on its major currencies, which include the Euro, British pound sterling, Japanese yen, Canadian dollar, Swedish krona and Australian dollar. The foreign currency forward exchange contracts related to royalties are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges under the criteria prescribed in ASC 815. The Company records these contracts at fair value on its balance sheet and gains or losses on these contracts are deferred in equity (as a component of comprehensive loss). These deferred gains and losses are recognized in income in the period in which the related royalties and license fees being hedged are received and recognized in income. However, to the extent that any of these contracts are not considered to be perfectly effective in offsetting the change in the value of the royalties and license fees being hedged, any changes in fair value relating to the ineffective portion of these contracts are immediately recognized in the statement of operations.

The Company may at times choose to hedge foreign currency risk associated with financing transactions such as third-party debt and other balance sheet items. The foreign currency forward exchange contracts related to balance sheet items denominated in foreign currency are reviewed on a contract-by-contract basis and are designated accordingly. If these foreign currency forward exchange contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting, then the Company records these contracts at fair value on its balance sheet and the related gains and losses are immediately recognized in the statement of operations where there is an equal and offsetting entry related to the underlying exposure.

The fair value of foreign currency forward exchange contracts is determined by using observable market transactions of spot and forward rates (i.e., Level 2 inputs) which is discussed further in Note 11. Additionally, netting provisions are provided for in existing International Swap and Derivative Association Inc. agreements in situations where the Company executes multiple contracts with the same counterparty. As a result, net assets or liabilities resulting from foreign exchange derivatives subject to these netting agreements are classified within other current assets or other current liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

The Company monitors its positions with, and the credit quality of, the financial institutions that are party to any of its financial transactions.

As of March 31, 2017, the Company had outstanding hedge contracts for the sale of $214 million and the purchase of $125 million of foreign currencies at fixed rates that will be settled by September 2017. As of March 31, 2017, the Company had $1 million of unrealized deferred losses in comprehensive loss related to foreign exchange hedging. As of September 30, 2016, the Company had no outstanding hedge contracts and no deferred gains or losses in comprehensive loss related to foreign exchange hedging.

The following is a summary of amounts recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheet pertaining to the Company’s use of foreign currency derivatives at March 31, 2017 and September 30, 2016:

As discussed more fully in Note 1, based on the nature of its products and services, the Company classifies its business interests into two fundamental operations: Recorded Music and Music Publishing, which also represent reportable segments of the Company. Information as to each of these operations is set forth below. The Company evaluates performance based on several factors, of which the primary financial measure is operating income (loss) before non-cash depreciation of tangible assets and non-cash amortization of intangible assets (“OIBDA”). The Company has supplemented its analysis of OIBDA results by segment with an analysis of operating income (loss) by segment.

The accounting policies of the Company’s business segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies included elsewhere herein. The Company accounts for intersegment sales at fair value as if the sales were to third parties. While intercompany transactions are treated like third-party transactions to determine segment performance, the revenues (and corresponding expenses recognized by the segment that is counterparty to the transaction) are eliminated in consolidation, and therefore, do not themselves impact consolidated results.

The Company made interest payments of approximately $17 million and $34 million during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016, respectively. The Company made interest payments of approximately $64 million and $88 million during the six months ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016, respectively. The Company paid approximately $13 million of income and withholding taxes, partially offset by $3 million of refunds during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and paid approximately $7 million of income and withholding taxes with no offsetting refunds during the three months ended March 31, 2016. The Company paid approximately $22 million of income and withholding taxes, partially offset by $3 million of refunds during the six months ended March 31, 2017 and paid approximately $13 million of income and withholding taxes with no offsetting refunds during the six months ended March 31, 2016.

On December 2, 2016, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a special cash dividend of $54 million which was paid on January 3, 2017 to stockholders of record as of December 30, 2016.

ASC 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received upon sale of an asset or paid upon transfer of a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date and in the principal or most advantageous market for that asset or liability. The fair value should be calculated based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, not on assumptions specific to the entity.

In addition to defining fair value, ASC 820 expands the disclosure requirements around fair value and establishes a fair value hierarchy for valuation inputs. The hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three levels based on the extent to which inputs used in measuring fair value are observable in the market. Each fair value measurement is reported in one of the three levels which is determined by the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. These levels are:

In accordance with the fair value hierarchy, described above, the following table shows the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments that are required to be measured at fair value as of March 31, 2017 and September 30, 2016.

The following table reconciles the beginning and ending balances of net assets and liabilities classified as Level 3:

The majority of the Company’s non-financial instruments, which include goodwill, intangible assets, inventories, and property, plant, and equipment, are not required to be re-measured to fair value on a recurring basis. These assets are evaluated for impairment if certain triggering events occur. If such evaluation indicates that impairment exists, the asset is written down to its fair value. In addition, an impairment analysis is performed at least annually for goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets.

Based on the level of interest rates prevailing at March 31, 2017, the fair value of the Company’s debt was $2.865 billion. Based on the level of interest rates prevailing at September 30, 2016, the fair value of the Company’s debt was $2.896 billion. The fair value of the Company’s debt instruments are determined using quoted market prices from less active markets or by using quoted market prices for instruments with identical terms and maturities; both approaches are considered a Level 2 measurement.

The Company is the direct parent of Holdings, which is the direct parent of Acquisition Corp. Acquisition Corp. has issued and outstanding the 5.625% Senior Secured Notes due 2022, the 5.00% Senior Secured Notes due 2023, the 4.125% Senior Secured Notes due 2024, the 4.875% Senior Secured Notes due 2024 and the 6.75% Senior Notes due 2022 (together, the “Acquisition Corp. Notes”).

The Acquisition Corp. Notes are guaranteed by the Company and, in addition, are guaranteed by all of Acquisition Corp.’s domestic wholly-owned subsidiaries. The secured notes are guaranteed on a senior secured basis and the unsecured notes are guaranteed on an unsecured senior basis. The Company’s guarantee of the Acquisition Corp. Notes is full and unconditional. The guarantee of the Acquisition Corp. Notes by Acquisition Corp.’s domestic, wholly-owned subsidiaries are full, unconditional and joint and several. The following condensed consolidating financial statements are also presented for the information of the holders of the Acquisition Corp. Notes and present the results of operations, financial position and cash flows of (i) Acquisition Corp., which is the issuer of the Acquisition Corp. Notes, (ii) the guarantor subsidiaries of Acquisition Corp., (iii) the non-guarantor subsidiaries of Acquisition Corp. and (iv) the eliminations necessary to arrive at the information for Acquisition Corp. on a consolidated basis. Investments in consolidated subsidiaries are presented under the equity method of accounting. There are no restrictions on Acquisition Corp.’s ability to obtain funds from any of its wholly-owned subsidiaries through dividends, loans or advances.

The Company and Holdings are holding companies that conduct substantially all of their business operations through Acquisition Corp. Accordingly, the ability of the Company and Holdings to obtain funds from their subsidiaries is restricted by the indentures for the Acquisition Corp. Notes and the credit agreements for the Acquisition Corp. Senior Credit Facilities, including the Revolving Credit Facility and Senior Term Loan Facility.

	WMG											WMG				Warner					Warner
	Acquisition					Non-						Acquisition		WMG		Music					Music
	Corp.		Guarantor			Guarantor						Corp.		Holdings		Group					Group Corp.
	(issuer)		Subsidiaries			Subsidiaries			Eliminations			Consolidated		Corp.		Corp.		Eliminations			Consolidated
	(in millions)
Assets:
Current assets:
Cash and equivalents	$	—	$	230		$	246		$	—		$	476	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	476
Accounts receivable, net		—		175			186			—			361		—		—		—			361
Inventories		—		12			24			—			36		—		—		—			36
Royalty advances expected to be recouped within one year		—		80			45			—			125		—		—		—			125
Prepaid and other current assets		—		15			42			—			57		—		—		—			57
Total current assets		—		512			543			—			1,055		—		—		—			1,055
Due (to) from parent companies		721		(286	)		(435	)		—			—		—		—		—			—
Investments in and advances to consolidated subsidiaries		2,261		1,592			—			(3,853	)		—		224		224		(448	)		—
Royalty advances expected to be recouped after one year		—		123			71			—			194		—		—		—			194
Property, plant and equipment, net		—		132			65			—			197		—		—		—			197
Goodwill		—		1,372			242			—			1,614		—		—		—			1,614
Intangible assets subject to amortization, net		—		1,114			942			—			2,056		—		—		—			2,056
Intangible assets not subject to amortization		—		71			45			—			116		—		—		—			116
Other assets		3		50			19			—			72		—		—		—			72
Total assets	$	2,985	$	4,680		$	1,492		$	(3,853	)	$	5,304	$	224	$	224	$	(448	)	$	5,304
Liabilities and Deficit:
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	—	$	117		$	83		$	—		$	200	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	200
Accrued royalties		—		649			502			—			1,151		—		—		—			1,151
Accrued liabilities		—		91			169			—			260		—		—		—			260
Accrued interest		45		—			—			—			45		—		—		—			45
Deferred revenue		—		112			63			—			175		—		—		—			175
Other current liabilities		—		3			21			—			24		—		—		—			24
Total current liabilities		45		972			838			—			1,855		—		—		—			1,855
Long-term debt		2,767		—			—			—			2,767		—		—		—			2,767
Deferred tax liabilities, net		—		115			139			—			254		—		—		—			254
Other noncurrent liabilities		3		132			106			—			241		—		—		—			241
Total liabilities		2,815		1,219			1,083			—			5,117		—		—		—			5,117
Total Warner Music Group Corp. equity		170		3,459			394			(3,853	)		170		224		224		(448	)		170
Noncontrolling interest		—		2			15			—			17		—		—		—			17
Total equity		170		3,461			409			(3,853	)		187		224		224		(448	)		187
Total liabilities and equity	$	2,985	$	4,680		$	1,492		$	(3,853	)	$	5,304	$	224	$	224	$	(448	)	$	5,304

	WMG											WMG				Warner					Warner
	Acquisition					Non-						Acquisition		WMG		Music					Music
	Corp.		Guarantor			Guarantor						Corp.		Holdings		Group					Group Corp.
	(issuer)		Subsidiaries			Subsidiaries			Eliminations			Consolidated		Corp.		Corp.		Eliminations			Consolidated
	(in millions)
Assets:
Current assets:
Cash and equivalents	$	—	$	180		$	179		$	—		$	359	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	359
Accounts receivable, net		—		177			152			—			329		—		—		—			329
Inventories		—		16			25			—			41		—		—		—			41
Royalty advances expected to be recouped within one year		—		79			49			—			128		—		—		—			128
Prepaid and other current assets		1		13			37			—			51		—		—		—			51
Total current assets		1		465			442			—			908		—		—		—			908
Due (to) from parent companies		750		(312	)		(438	)		—			—		—		—		—			—
Investments in and advances to (from) consolidated subsidiaries		2,260		1,458			—			(3,718	)		—		195		195		(390	)		—
Royalty advances expected to be recouped after one year		—		120			76			—			196		—		—		—			196
Property, plant and equipment, net		—		138			65			—			203		—		—		—			203
Goodwill		—		1,372			255			—			1,627		—		—		—			1,627
Intangible assets subject to amortization, net		—		1,165			1,036			—			2,201		—		—		—			2,201
Intangible assets not subject to amortization		—		71			45			—			116		—		—		—			116
Other assets		3		62			19			—			84		—		—		—			84
Total assets	$	3,014	$	4,539		$	1,500		$	(3,718	)	$	5,335	$	195	$	195	$	(390	)	$	5,335
Liabilities and Deficit:
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	—	$	124		$	80		$	—		$	204	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	204
Accrued royalties		—		606			498			—			1,104		—		—		—			1,104
Accrued liabilities		—		112			185			—			297		—		—		—			297
Accrued interest		38		—			—			—			38		—		—		—			38
Deferred revenue		—		143			35			—			178		—		—		—			178
Current portion of long-term debt		—		—			—			—			—		—		—		—			-
Other current liabilities		—		3			18			—			21		—		—		—			21
Total current liabilities		38		988			816			—			1,842		—		—		—			1,842
Long-term debt		2,778		—			—			—			2,778		—		—		—			2,778
Deferred tax liabilities, net		—		109			160			—			269		—		—		—			269
Other noncurrent liabilities		3		126			107			—			236		—		—		—			236
Total liabilities		2,819		1,223			1,083			—			5,125		—		—		—			5,125
Total Warner Music Group Corp. equity (deficit)		195		3,314			404			(3,718	)		195		195		195		(390	)		195
Noncontrolling interest		—		2			13			—			15		—		—		—			15
Total equity (deficit)		195		3,316			417			(3,718	)		210		195		195		(390	)		210
Total liabilities and equity (deficit)	$	3,014	$	4,539		$	1,500		$	(3,718	)	$	5,335	$	195	$	195	$	(390	)	$	5,335

	WMG												WMG					Warner					Warner
	Acquisition						Non-						Acquisition			WMG		Music					Music
	Corp.			Guarantor			Guarantor						Corp.			Holdings		Group					Group Corp.
	(issuer)			Subsidiaries			Subsidiaries			Eliminations			Consolidated			Corp.		Corp.		Eliminations			Consolidated
	(in millions)
Revenues	$	—		$	470		$	439		$	(84	)	$	825		$	—	$	—	$	—		$	825
Costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue		—			(204	)		(268	)		57			(415	)		—		—		—			(415	)
Selling, general and administrative expenses		—			(199	)		(110	)		27			(282	)		—		—		—			(282	)
Amortization of intangible assets		—			(26	)		(24	)		—			(50	)		—		—		—			(50	)
Total costs and expenses		—			(429	)		(402	)		84			(747	)		—		—		—			(747	)
Operating income		—			41			37			—			78			—		—		—			78
Interest (expense) income, net		(21	)		1			(16	)		—			(36	)		—		—		—			(36	)
Equity gains (losses) from equity method investments		49			11			—			(60	)		—			19		19		(38	)		—
Other expense, net		(6	)		—			(13	)		—			(19	)		—		—		—			(19	)
Income before income taxes		22			53			8			(60	)		23			19		19		(38	)		23
Income tax (expense) benefit		(3	)		(4	)		(7	)		11			(3	)		—		—		—			(3	)
Net income		19			49			1			(49	)		20			19		19		(38	)		20
Less: income attributable to noncontrolling interest		—			—			(1	)		—			(1	)		—		—		—			(1	)
Net income attributable to Warner Music Group Corp.	$	19		$	49		$	—		$	(49	)	$	19		$	19	$	19	$	(38	)	$	19

	WMG												WMG						Warner					Warner
	Acquisition						Non-						Acquisition			WMG			Music					Music
	Corp.			Guarantor			Guarantor						Corp.			Holdings			Group					Group Corp.
	(issuer)			Subsidiaries			Subsidiaries			Eliminations			Consolidated			Corp.			Corp.		Eliminations			Consolidated
	(in millions)
Revenues	$	—		$	452		$	382		$	(89	)	$	745		$	—		$	—	$	—		$	745
Costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue		—			(221	)		(196	)		43			(374	)		—			—		—			(374	)
Selling, general and administrative expenses		—			(202	)		(101	)		47			(256	)		—			—		—			(256	)
Amortization of intangible assets		—			(30	)		(33	)		—			(63	)		—			—		—			(63	)
Total costs and expenses		—			(453	)		(330	)		90			(693	)		—			—		—			(693	)
Operating income (loss)		—			(1	)		52			1			52			—			—		—			52
Gain on sales of real estate		—			—			19			—			19			—			—		—			19
Interest (expense) income, net		(21	)		1			(18	)		—			(38	)		(5	)		—		—			(43	)
Equity gains (losses) from equity method investments		58			41			—			(99	)		—			21			11		(32	)		—
Other (expense) income, net		(1	)		(19	)		24			—			4			(5	)		—		—			(1	)
Income (loss) before income taxes		36			22			77			(98	)		37			11			11		(32	)		27
Income tax (expense) benefit		(15	)		(7	)		(12	)		19			(15	)		—			—		—			(15	)
Net income		21			15			65			(79	)		22			11			11		(32	)		12
Less: income attributable to noncontrolling interest		—			—			(1	)		—			(1	)		—			—		—			(1	)
Net income (loss) attributable to Warner Music Group Corp.	$	21		$	15		$	64		$	(79	)	$	21		$	11		$	11	$	(32	)	$	11

	WMG												WMG					Warner					Warner
	Acquisition						Non-						Acquisition			WMG		Music					Music
	Corp.			Guarantor			Guarantor						Corp.			Holdings		Group					Group Corp.
	(issuer)			Subsidiaries			Subsidiaries			Eliminations			Consolidated			Corp.		Corp.		Eliminations			Consolidated
	(in millions)
Revenues	$	—		$	960		$	960		$	(178	)	$	1,742		$	—	$	—	$	—		$	1,742
Costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue		—			(424	)		(609	)		122			(911	)		—		—		—			(911	)
Selling, general and administrative expenses		(1	)		(375	)		(238	)		56			(558	)		—		—		—			(558	)
Amortization of intangible assets		—			(51	)		(50	)		—			(101	)		—		—		—			(101	)
Total costs and expenses		(1	)		(850	)		(897	)		178			(1,570	)		—		—		—			(1,570	)
Operating (loss) income		(1	)		110			63			—			172			—		—		—			172
Loss on extinguishment of debt		(32	)		—			—			—			(32	)		—		—		—			(32	)
Interest (expense) income, net		(44	)		2			(34	)		—			(76	)		—		—		—			(76	)
Equity gains (losses) from equity method investments		132			51			—			(183	)		—			41		41		(82	)		—
Other income (expense), net		6			3			(9	)		—			—			—		—		—			—
Income before income taxes		61			166			20			(183	)		64			41		41		(82	)		64
Income tax (expense) benefit		(20	)		(22	)		(16	)		38			(20	)		—		—		—			(20	)
Net income		41			144			4			(145	)		44			41		41		(82	)		44
Less: income attributable to noncontrolling interest		—			—			(3	)		—			(3	)		—		—		—			(3	)
Net income attributable to Warner Music Group Corp.	$	41		$	144		$	1		$	(145	)	$	41		$	41	$	41	$	(82	)	$	41

	WMG												WMG						Warner					Warner
	Acquisition						Non-						Acquisition			WMG			Music					Music
	Corp.			Guarantor			Guarantor						Corp.			Holdings			Group					Group Corp.
	(issuer)			Subsidiaries			Subsidiaries			Eliminations			Consolidated			Corp.			Corp.		Eliminations			Consolidated
	(in millions)
Revenues	$	—		$	900		$	821		$	(127	)	$	1,594		$	—		$	—	$	—		$	1,594
Costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue		—			(442	)		(456	)		75			(823	)		—			—		—			(823	)
Selling, general and administrative expenses		—			(339	)		(245	)		52			(532	)		—			—		—			(532	)
Amortization of intangible assets		—			(61	)		(64	)		—			(125	)		—			—		—			(125	)
Total costs and expenses		—			(842	)		(765	)		127			(1,480	)		—			—		—			(1,480	)
Operating income		—			58			56			—			114			—			—		—			114
Gain on sale of real estate		—			—			19			—			19			—			—		—			19
Interest (expense) income, net		(41	)		2			(39	)		—			(78	)		(10	)		—		—			(88	)
Equity gains (losses) from equity method investments		105			60			—			(165	)		—			53			38		(91	)		—
Other income (expense), net		1			(20	)		31			—			12			(5	)		—		—			7
Income before income taxes		65			100			67			(165	)		67			38			38		(91	)		52
Income tax (expense) benefit		(12	)		(12	)		(8	)		20			(12	)		—			—		—			(12	)
Net income		53			88			59			(145	)		55			38			38		(91	)		40
Less: income attributable to noncontrolling interest		—			—			(2	)		—			(2	)		—			—		—			(2	)
Net income attributable to Warner Music Group Corp.	$	53		$	88		$	57		$	(145	)	$	53		$	38		$	38	$	(91	)	$	38

	WMG										WMG					Warner					Warner
	Acquisition				Non-						Acquisition			WMG		Music					Music
	Corp.		Guarantor		Guarantor						Corp.			Holdings		Group					Group Corp.
	(issuer)		Subsidiaries		Subsidiaries			Eliminations			Consolidated			Corp.		Corp.		Eliminations			Consolidated
	(in millions)
Net income	$	19	$	49	$	1		$	(49	)	$	20		$	19	$	19	$	(38	)	$	20
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Foreign currency adjustment		24		—		(50	)		50			24			24		24		(48	)		24
Deferred gains on derivative financial instruments		1		1		—			(1	)		1			1		1		(2	)		1
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:		25		1		(50	)		49			25			25		25		(50	)		25
Total comprehensive income		44		50		(49	)		—			45			44		44		(88	)		45
Less: income attributable to noncontrolling interest		—		—		(1	)		—			(1	)		—		—		—			(1	)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Warner Music Group Corp.	$	44	$	50	$	(50	)	$	—		$	44		$	44	$	44	$	(88	)	$	44

	WMG												WMG						Warner						Warner
	Acquisition						Non-						Acquisition			WMG			Music						Music
	Corp.			Guarantor			Guarantor						Corp.			Holdings			Group						Group Corp.
	(issuer)			Subsidiaries			Subsidiaries			Eliminations			Consolidated			Corp.			Corp.			Eliminations			Consolidated
	(in millions)
Net income	$	21		$	15		$	65		$	(79	)	$	22		$	11		$	11		$	(32	)	$	12
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:
Foreign currency adjustment		(12	)		—			(12	)		12			(12	)		(12	)		(12	)		24			(12	)
Deferred losses on derivative financial instruments		(1	)		(1	)		—			1			(1	)		(1	)		(1	)		2			(1	)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:		(13	)		(1	)		(12	)		13			(13	)		(13	)		(13	)		26			(13	)
Total comprehensive (loss) income		8			14			53			(66	)		9			(2	)		(2	)		(6	)		(1	)
Less: income attributable to noncontrolling interest		—			—			(1	)		—			(1	)		—			—			—			(1	)
Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to Warner Music Group Corp.	$	8		$	14		$	52		$	(66	)	$	8		$	(2	)	$	(2	)	$	(6	)	$	(2	)

	WMG												WMG						Warner						Warner
	Acquisition						Non-						Acquisition			WMG			Music						Music
	Corp.			Guarantor			Guarantor						Corp.			Holdings			Group						Group Corp.
	(issuer)			Subsidiaries			Subsidiaries			Eliminations			Consolidated			Corp.			Corp.			Eliminations			Consolidated
	(in millions)
Net income	$	41		$	144		$	4		$	(145	)	$	44		$	41		$	41		$	(82	)	$	44
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:
Foreign currency adjustment		(13	)		—			(13	)		13			(13	)		(13	)		(13	)		26			(13	)
Deferred losses on derivative financial instruments		(1	)		(1	)		—			1			(1	)		(1	)		(1	)		2			(1	)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:		(14	)		(1	)		(13	)		14			(14	)		(14	)		(14	)		28			(14	)
Total comprehensive income (loss)		27			143			(9	)		(131	)		30			27			27			(54	)		30
Less: income attributable to noncontrolling interest		—			—			(3	)		—			(3	)		—			—			—			(3	)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Warner Music Group Corp.	$	27		$	143		$	(12	)	$	(131	)	$	27		$	27		$	27		$	(54	)	$	27

	WMG												WMG						Warner						Warner
	Acquisition						Non-						Acquisition			WMG			Music						Music
	Corp.			Guarantor			Guarantor						Corp.			Holdings			Group						Group Corp.
	(issuer)			Subsidiaries			Subsidiaries			Eliminations			Consolidated			Corp.			Corp.			Eliminations			Consolidated
	(in millions)
Net income	$	53		$	88		$	59		$	(145	)	$	55		$	38		$	38		$	(91	)	$	40
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:
Foreign currency adjustment		(36	)		—			(36	)		36			(36	)		(36	)		(36	)		72			(36	)
Deferred losses on derivative financial instruments		(2	)		(2	)		—			2			(2	)		(2	)		(2	)		4			(2	)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:		(38	)		(2	)		(36	)		38			(38	)		(38	)		(38	)		76			(38	)
Total comprehensive income (loss)		15			86			23			(107	)		17			—			—			(15	)		2
Less: income attributable to noncontrolling interest		—			—			(2	)		—			(2	)		—			—			—			(2	)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Warner Music Group Corp.	$	15		$	86		$	21		$	(107	)	$	15		$	—		$	—		$	(15	)	$	—

	WMG												WMG						Warner						Warner
	Acquisition						Non-						Acquisition			WMG			Music						Music
	Corp.			Guarantor			Guarantor						Corp.			Holdings			Group						Group Corp.
	(issuer)			Subsidiaries			Subsidiaries			Eliminations			Consolidated			Corp.			Corp.			Eliminations			Consolidated
	(in millions)
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$	41		$	144		$	4		$	(145	)	$	44		$	41		$	41		$	(82	)	$	44
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		—			70			56			—			126			—			—			—			126
Unrealized (gains)/losses and remeasurement of foreign denominated loans		(11	)		(3	)		13			—			(1	)		—			—			—			(1	)
Deferred income taxes		2			2			(12	)		(4	)		(12	)		—			—			—			(12	)
Loss on extinguishment of debt		32			—			—			—			32			—			—			—			32
Net loss on divestiture and investments		—			5			1			—			6			—			—			—			6
Non-cash interest expense		5			—			—			—			5			—			—			—			5
Equity-based compensation expense		—			17			—			—			17			—			—			—			17
Equity (gains) losses, including distributions		(132	)		(51	)		—			183			—			(41	)		(41	)		82			—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		—			(2	)		(39	)		—			(41	)		—			—			—			(41	)
Inventories		—			2			1			—			3			—			—			—			3
Royalty advances		—			(4	)		5			—			1			—			—			—			1
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		—			(5	)		(4	)		(34	)		(43	)		—			—			—			(43	)
Royalty payables		—			54			21			—			75			—			—			—			75
Accrued interest		7			—			—			—			7			—			—			—			7
Deferred revenue		—			(34	)		30			—			(4	)		—			—			—			(4	)
Other balance sheet changes		7			10			(6	)		—			11			—			—			—			11
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities		(49	)		205			70			—			226			—			—			—			226
Cash flows from investing activities
Acquisition of music publishing rights, net		—			(3	)		(3	)		—			(6	)		—			—			—			(6	)
Capital expenditures		—			(13	)		(5	)		—			(18	)		—			—			—			(18	)
Investments and acquisitions of businesses, net		—			(5	)		(1	)		—			(6	)		—			—			—			(6	)
Divestitures, net		—			7			11			—			18			—			—			—			18
Advances to issuer		87			—			—			(87	)		—			—			—			—			—
Net cash provided (used in) by investing activities		87			(14	)		2			(87	)		(12	)		—			—			—			(12	)
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from issuance of Acquisition Corp. 4.125% Senior Secured Notes		380			—			—			—			380			—			—			—			380
Proceeds from issuance of Acquisition Corp. 4.875% Senior Secured Notes		250			—			—			—			250			—			—			—			250
Proceeds from issuance of Acquisition Corp. Senior Term Loan Facility		22			—			—			—			22			—			—			—			22
Repayment of Acquisition Corp. 6.00% Senior Secured Notes		(450	)		—			—			—			(450	)		—			—			—			(450	)
Repayment of Acquisition Corp. 6.25% Senior Secured Notes		(173	)		—			—			—			(173	)		—			—			—			(173	)
Repayment of Acquisition Corp. 5.625% Senior Secured Notes		(28	)		—			—			—			(28	)		—			—			—			(28	)
Call premiums paid on early redemption of debt		(27	)		—			—			—			(27	)		—			—			—			(27	)
Deferred financing costs paid		(12	)		—			—			—			(12	)		—			—			—			(12	)
Distribution to noncontrolling interest holder		—			—			(1	)		—			(1	)		—			—			—			(1	)
Dividends paid		—			(54	)		—			—			(54	)		—			—			—			(54	)
Change in due to (from) issuer		—			(87	)		—			87			—			—			—			—			—
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities		(38	)		(141	)		(1	)		87			(93	)		—			—			—			(93	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and equivalents		—			—			(4	)		—			(4	)		—			—			—			(4	)
Net increase in cash and equivalents		—			50			67			—			117			—			—			—			117
Cash and equivalents at beginning of period		—			180			179			—			359			—			—			—			359
Cash and equivalents at end of period	$	—		$	230		$	246		$	—		$	476		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	476

	WMG												WMG						Warner						Warner
	Acquisition						Non-						Acquisition			WMG			Music						Music
	Corp.			Guarantor			Guarantor						Corp.			Holdings			Group						Group Corp.
	(issuer)			Subsidiaries			Subsidiaries			Eliminations			Consolidated			Corp.			Corp.			Eliminations			Consolidated
	(in millions)
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$	53		$	88		$	59		$	(145	)	$	55		$	38		$	38		$	(91	)	$	40
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cashprovided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		—			80			70			—			150			—			—			—			150
Unrealized (gains)/losses and remeasurement of foreign denominated loans		(1	)		(1	)		—			—			(2	)		—			—			—			(2	)
Deferred income taxes		—			—			(10	)		—			(10	)		—			—			—			(10	)
Gain on sale of real estate		—			—			(19	)		—			(19	)		—			—			—			(19	)
(Gain) Loss on extinguishment of debt		(1	)		—			—			—			(1	)		5			—			—			4
Loss on divestiture of business		—			—			3			—			3			—			—			—			3
Non-cash interest expense		5			—			—			—			5			—			—			—			5
Equity-based compensation expense		—			4			—			—			4			—			—			—			4
Equity (gains) losses, including distributions		(105	)		(60	)		—			165			—			(53	)		(38	)		91			—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		—			18			7			—			25			—			—			—			25
Inventories		—			—			(1	)		—			(1	)		—			—			—			(1	)
Royalty advances		—			(18	)		(3	)		—			(21	)		—			—			—			(21	)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		—			52			(73	)		(20	)		(41	)		—			—			—			(41	)
Royalty payables		—			36			(1	)		—			35			—			—			—			35
Accrued interest		(1	)		—			—			—			(1	)		(4	)		—			—			(5	)
Deferred revenue		—			3			(1	)		—			2			—			—			—			2
Other balance sheet changes		—			—			3			—			3			—			—			—			3
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities		(50	)		202			34			—			186			(14	)		—			—			172
Cash flows from investing activities
Acquisition of music publishing rights, net		—			(9	)		(3	)		—			(12	)		—			—			—			(12	)
Capital expenditures		—			(15	)		(8	)		—			(23	)		—			—			—			(23	)
Investments and acquisitions of businesses, net		—			(5	)		(3	)		—			(8	)		—			—			—			(8	)
Divestiture of business, net of cash on hand		—			—			6			—			6			—			—			—			6
Proceeds from the sale of real estate		—			—			42			—			42			—			—			—			42
Advances to issuer		163			—			—			(163	)		—			—			—			—			—
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		163			(29	)		34			(163	)		5			—			—			—			5
Cash flows from financing activities
Dividend by Acquisition Corp. to Holdings Corp.		(83	)		—			—			—			(83	)		83			—			—			—
Repayment of Acquisition Corp. Senior Term Loan Facility		(6	)		—			—			—			(6	)		—			—			—			(6	)
Repayment of Holdings 13.75% Senior Notes		—			—			—			—			—			(50	)		—			—			(50	)
Call premiums paid on early redemption of debt		—			—			—			—			—			(3	)		—			—			(3	)
Repayment of Acquisition Corp. 6.75% Senior Notes		(24	)		—			—						(24	)		—			—			—			(24	)
Distribution to noncontrolling interest holder		—			—			(3	)		—			(3	)		—			—			—			(3	)
Repayment of capital lease obligations		—			—			(14	)		—			(14	)		—			—			—			(14	)
Change in due to (from) issuer		—			(163	)		—			163			—			—			—			—			—
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities		(113	)		(163	)		(17	)		163			(130	)		30			—			—			(100	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and equivalents		—			—			(7	)		—			(7	)		—			—			—			(7	)
Net increase in cash and equivalents		—			10			44			—			54			16			—			—			70
Cash and equivalents at beginning of period		—			73			173			—			246			—			—			—			246
Cash and equivalents at end of period	$	—		$	83		$	217		$	—		$	300		$	16		$	—		$	—		$	316

You should read the following discussion of our results of operations and financial condition with the unaudited interim financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2017 (the “Quarterly Report”).

“SAFE HARBOR” STATEMENT UNDER PRIVATE SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995

This Quarterly Report includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. All statements other than statements of historical facts included in this Quarterly Report, including, without limitation, statements regarding our future financial position, business strategy, cost savings, industry trends and plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. In addition, forward-looking statements generally can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “intend,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “believe” or “continue” or the negative thereof or variations thereon or similar terminology. Such statements include, among others, our ability to compete in the highly competitive markets in which we operate, statements regarding our ability to develop talent and attract future talent, our ability to reduce future capital expenditures, our ability to monetize our music-based content, including through new distribution channels and formats to capitalize on the growth areas of the music industry, our ability to effectively deploy our capital, the development of digital music and the effect of digital distribution channels on our business, including whether we will be able to achieve higher margins from digital sales, the success of strategic actions we are taking to accelerate our transformation as we redefine our role in the music industry, the effectiveness of our ongoing efforts to reduce overhead expenditures and manage our variable and fixed cost structure and our ability to generate expected cost savings from such efforts, our success in limiting piracy, the growth of the music industry and the effect of our and the music industry’s efforts to combat piracy on the industry, our intention to pay dividends or repurchase or retire our outstanding debt or notes in open market purchases, privately or otherwise, the impact on us of potential strategic transactions, our ability to fund our future capital needs and the effect of litigation on us. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, we can give no assurance that such expectations will prove to have been correct.

There are a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report. Additionally, important factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements we make in this Quarterly Report. As stated elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, such risks, uncertainties and other important factors include, among others:

There may be other factors not presently known to us or which we currently consider to be immaterial that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those projected in any forward-looking statements we make. You should read carefully the “Risk Factors” section of this Quarterly Report to better understand the risks and uncertainties inherent in our business and underlying any forward-looking statements.

All forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf apply only as of the date of this Quarterly Report and are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements included in this Quarterly Report. We disclaim any duty to update or revise forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

The Company and Holdings are holding companies that conduct substantially all of their business operations through their subsidiaries. The terms “we,” “us,” “our,” “ours,” and the “Company” refer collectively to Warner Music Group Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries, except where otherwise indicated.

Management’s discussion and analysis of results of operations and financial condition (“MD&A”) is provided as a supplement to the unaudited financial statements and footnotes included elsewhere herein to help provide an understanding of our financial condition, changes in financial condition and results of our operations. MD&A is organized as follows:

We evaluate our operating performance based on several factors, including our primary financial measure of operating income (loss) before non-cash depreciation of tangible assets and non-cash amortization of intangible assets (“OIBDA”). We consider OIBDA to be an important indicator of the operational strengths and performance of our businesses. However, a limitation of the use of OIBDA as a performance measure is that it does not reflect the periodic costs of certain capitalized tangible and intangible assets used in generating revenues in our businesses and other non-operating income (loss). Accordingly, OIBDA should be considered in addition to, not as a substitute for, operating income (loss), net income (loss) attributable to Warner Music Group Corp. and other measures of financial performance reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP. In addition, our definition of OIBDA may differ from similarly titled measures used by other companies. A reconciliation of consolidated OIBDA to operating income (loss) and net income (loss) attributable to Warner Music Group Corp. is provided in our “Results of Operations.”

As exchange rates are an important factor in understanding period to period comparisons, we believe the presentation of revenue on a constant-currency basis in addition to reported results helps improve the ability to understand our operating results and evaluate our performance in comparison to prior periods. Constant-currency information compares revenue between periods as if exchange rates had remained constant period over period. We use revenue on a constant-currency basis as one measure to evaluate our performance. We calculate constant currency by calculating prior-year revenue using current-year foreign currency exchange rates. We generally refer to such amounts calculated on a constant-currency basis as “excluding the impact of foreign currency exchange rates.” This revenue should be considered in addition to, not as a substitute for, revenue reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Revenue on a constant-currency basis, as we present them, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies and are not a measure of performance presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

We are one of the world’s major music-based content companies. We classify our business interests into two fundamental operations: Recorded Music and Music Publishing. A brief description of each of those operations is presented below.

Our Recorded Music business primarily consists of the discovery and development of artists and the related marketing, distribution and licensing of recorded music produced by such artists. We play an integral role in virtually all aspects of the recorded music value chain from discovering and developing talent to producing albums and marketing and promoting artists and their products.

In the United States, our Recorded Music operations are conducted principally through our major record labels—Atlantic Records and Warner Bros. Records. Our Recorded Music operations also include Rhino, a division that specializes in marketing our music catalog through compilations and reissuances of previously released music and video titles. We also conduct our Recorded Music operations through a collection of additional record labels, including Asylum, Big Beat, Canvasback, Eastwest, Elektra, Erato, FFRR, Fueled by Ramen, Nonesuch, Parlophone, Reprise, Roadrunner, Sire, Warner Classics and Warner Music Nashville.

Outside the United States, our Recorded Music activities are conducted in more than 50 countries through various subsidiaries, affiliates and non-affiliated licensees. Internationally, we engage in the same activities as in the United States: discovering and signing artists and distributing, marketing and selling their recorded music. In most cases, we also market and distribute the records of those artists for whom our domestic record labels have international rights. In certain smaller markets, we license the right to distribute our records to non-affiliated third-party record labels. Our international artist services operations include a network of concert promoters through which we provide resources to coordinate tours for our artists and other artists as well as management companies that guide artists with respect to their careers.

Our Recorded Music distribution operations include Warner-Elektra-Atlantic Corporation (“WEA Corp.”), which markets and sells music and video products to retailers and wholesale distributors; Alternative Distribution Alliance (“ADA”), which distributes the products of independent labels to retail and wholesale distributors; and various distribution centers and ventures operated internationally.

In addition to our Recorded Music products being sold in physical retail outlets, our Recorded Music products are also sold in physical form to online physical retailers such as Amazon.com, barnesandnoble.com and bestbuy.com and in digital form to digital download services such as Apple’s iTunes and Google Play, and are offered by digital streaming services such as Apple Music, Deezer, Napster, Spotify and YouTube, including digital radio services such as iHeart Radio, Pandora and Sirius XM.

We have integrated the exploitation of digital content into all aspects of our business, including artist and repertoire (“A&R”), marketing, promotion and distribution. Our business development executives work closely with A&R departments to ensure that while a record is being produced, digital assets are also created with all distribution channels in mind, including streaming services, social networking sites, online portals and music-centered destinations. We also work side-by-side with our online and mobile partners to test new concepts. We believe existing and new digital businesses will be a significant source of growth and will provide new opportunities to successfully monetize our assets and create new revenue streams. The proportion of digital revenues attributed to each distribution channel varies by region and proportions may change as the roll out of new technologies continues. As an owner of music content, we believe we are well positioned to take advantage of growth in digital distribution and emerging technologies to maximize the value of our assets.

We have diversified our revenues beyond our traditional businesses by entering into expanded-rights deals with recording artists in order to partner with artists in other aspects of their careers. Under these agreements, we provide services to and participate in artists’ activities outside the traditional recorded music business such as touring, merchandising and sponsorships. We have built artist services capabilities and platforms for exploiting this broader set of music-related rights and participating more widely in the monetization of the artist brands we help create.

We believe that entering into expanded-rights deals and enhancing our artist services capabilities in areas such as concert promotion and management has permitted us to diversify revenue streams and capitalize on other revenue opportunities. This provides for improved long-term relationships with artists and allows us to more effectively connect artists and fans.

The principal costs associated with our Recorded Music operations are as follows:

While recorded music is focused on exploiting a particular recording of a composition, music publishing is an intellectual property business focused on the exploitation of the composition itself. In return for promoting, placing, marketing and administering the creative output of a songwriter, or engaging in those activities for other rightsholders, our Music Publishing business garners a share of the revenues generated from use of the composition.

Our Music Publishing operations are conducted principally through Warner/Chappell, our global music publishing company headquartered in Los Angeles with operations in over 50 countries through various subsidiaries, affiliates and non-affiliated licensees. We own or control rights to more than one million musical compositions, including numerous pop hits, American standards, folk songs and motion picture and theatrical compositions. Assembled over decades, our award-winning catalog includes over 70,000 songwriters and composers and a diverse range of genres including pop, rock, jazz, classical, country, R&B, hip-hop, rap, reggae, Latin, folk, blues, symphonic, soul, Broadway, techno, alternative, gospel and other Christian music. Warner/Chappell also administers the music and soundtracks of several third-party television and film producers and studios, including Hallmark Entertainment and Disney Music Publishing. We have an extensive production music library collectively branded as Warner/Chappell Production Music.

The principal costs associated with our Music Publishing operations are as follows:

On April 17, 2014, we joined with UMG Recordings, Inc., Sony Music Entertainment, Capitol Records, LLC and ABKCO Music & Records, Inc. in a lawsuit brought against Pandora Media Inc. in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, alleging copyright infringement for Pandora’s use of pre-1972 sound recordings. A settlement was reached on October 23, 2015 pursuant to which Pandora paid the plaintiffs a total of $90 million and the plaintiffs dismissed their lawsuit with prejudice. Of the total $90 million, $60 million was paid upon settlement and the remaining amount was paid in four equal installments of $7.5 million from January 1, 2016 through October 1, 2016. The settlement resolves all past claims as to Pandora’s use of pre-1972 recordings owned or controlled by the plaintiffs and enabled Pandora, without any additional payment, to reproduce, perform and broadcast such recordings in the United States through December 31, 2016. The allocation of the settlement proceeds among the plaintiffs was determined in November 2016 and the settlement proceeds were distributed accordingly. This resulted in a cash distribution to the Company of $18 million, which was recognized in revenue during the first quarter of fiscal year 2017. We intend to share our allocation of the settlement proceeds with our artists on the same basis as statutory revenue from Pandora is shared, i.e., the artist share of our allocation will be paid to artists by SoundExchange.

On November 21, 2016, Acquisition Corp received lender consent to an amendment (the “November 2016 Senior Term Loan Credit Agreement Amendment”) to the Senior Term Loan Credit Agreement governing Acquisition Corp.’s Senior Term Loan Facility, which extended the maturity date of the Senior Term Loan Credit Agreement to November 1, 2023, subject, in certain circumstances, to a springing maturity inside the maturity date of certain of the Acquisition Corp.’s other outstanding indebtedness and increased the principal amount outstanding by $27.5 million to $1.006 billion and increased the original issue discount by $5 million to $8 million. Acquisition Corp. used the proceeds from the November 2016 Senior Term Loan Credit Agreement Amendment to redeem $27.5 million of the 5.625% Senior Secured Notes due 2022 and to pay fees, costs and expenses related to the transactions.

On November 21, 2016, Acquisition Corp. redeemed 10%, or $27.5 million, of its 5.625% Senior Secured Notes due 2022 (the “5.625% Secured Notes”). The redemption price was equal to 103% of the principal amount of the 5.625% Secured Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including the redemption date. Following the partial redemption by Acquisition Corp. of the 5.625% Secured Notes, $247.5 million of the 5.625% Secured Notes remain outstanding.

On October 18, 2016, Acquisition Corp. accepted for purchase in connection with tender offers for its 6.000% Senior Secured Notes due 2021 (the “Existing Dollar Notes”) and 6.250% Senior Secured Notes due 2021 (the “Existing Euro Notes” and, together with the Existing Dollar Notes, the “2021 Senior Secured Notes”) the 2021 Senior Secured Notes that had been validly tendered and not validly withdrawn on October 17, 2016 (the “Expiration Time”). Acquisition Corp. then issued a notice of redemption on October 18, 2016 with respect to the remaining 2021 Senior Secured Notes not accepted for payment pursuant to the tender offers. Following payment of the 2021 Senior Secured Notes tendered at or prior to the Expiration Time, Acquisition Corp. deposited with the Trustee for the 2021 Senior Secured Notes not accepted for purchase in the tender offers funds sufficient to satisfy all obligations remaining to the date of redemption, which redemption date was January 15, 2017, under the applicable indenture governing the 2021 Senior Secured Notes. These transactions are collectively referred to as the “October 2016 Refinancing Transactions.”

As another means to offset declines in physical revenues and download revenues in Recorded Music, for many years we have signed recording artists to expanded-rights deals. Under our expanded-rights deals, we participate in the recording artist’s revenue streams, other than from recorded music sales, such as touring, merchandising and sponsorships. Artist services and expanded-rights Recorded Music revenue, which includes revenue from expanded-rights deals as well as revenue from our artist services business, represented approximately 10% of our total revenue during the six months ended March 31, 2017. Artist services and expanded-rights revenue will fluctuate from period to period depending upon touring schedules, among other things. Margins for the various artist services and expanded-rights revenue streams can vary significantly. The overall impact on margins will, therefore, depend on the composition of the various revenue streams in any particular period. For instance, participation in revenue from touring under our expanded-rights deals typically flows straight through to operating income with little associated cost. Revenue from some of our artist services businesses such as our management business and revenue from participation in touring and sponsorships under our expanded-rights deals are all high margin, while merchandising revenue under our expanded-rights deals and revenue from some of our artist services businesses such as our concert promotion businesses tend to be lower margin than our traditional revenue streams in Recorded Music.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 Compared with Three Months Ended March 31, 2016

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,						2017 vs. 2016
	2017			2016			$ Change			% Change
Revenue by Type
Digital	$	400		$	328		$	72			22	%
Physical		142			151			(9	)		-6	%
Total Digital and Physical		542			479			63			13	%
Artist services and expanded-rights		81			79			2			3	%
Licensing		63			63			—			—	%
Total Recorded Music		686			621			65			10	%
Performance		50			44			6			14	%
Digital		43			33			10			30	%
Mechanical		17			17			—			—	%
Synchronization		32			30			2			7	%
Other		3			3			—			—	%
Total Music Publishing		145			127			18			14	%
Intersegment eliminations		(6	)		(3	)		(3	)		100	%
Total Revenue	$	825		$	745		$	80			11	%
Revenue by Geographical Location
U.S. Recorded Music	$	305		$	258		$	47			18	%
U.S. Music Publishing		76			64			12			19	%
Total U.S.		381			322			59			18	%
International Recorded Music		381			363			18			5	%
International Music Publishing		69			63			6			10	%
Total International		450			426			24			6	%
Intersegment eliminations		(6	)		(3	)		(3	)		100	%
Total Revenue	$	825		$	745		$	80			11	%

Total revenue increased by $80 million, or 11%, to $825 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 from $745 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. Excluding the unfavorable impact of foreign currency exchange rates, total revenue increased by $93 million, or 13%. Prior to intersegment eliminations, Recorded Music and Music Publishing revenues represented 83% and 17% of total revenue for both the three months ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016. Prior to intersegment eliminations, U.S. and international revenues represented 46% and 54% of total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 43% and 57% of total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2016, respectively.

Total digital revenue after intersegment eliminations increased by $79 million, or 22%, to $439 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 from $360 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. Excluding the unfavorable impact of foreign currency exchange rates, total digital revenue after intersegment eliminations increased by $83 million, or 23%. Total digital revenue represented 53% and 48% of consolidated revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016, respectively. Prior to intersegment eliminations, total digital revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2017 was comprised of U.S. revenue of $239 million and international revenue of $204 million, or 54% and 46% of total digital revenue, respectively. Prior to intersegment eliminations, total digital revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2016 was comprised of U.S. revenue of $194 million and international revenue of $167 million, or 54% and 46% of total digital revenue, respectively.

Recorded Music revenue increased by $65 million, or 10%, to $686 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 from $621 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. Excluding the unfavorable impact of foreign currency exchange rates, Recorded Music revenue increased by $76 million, or 13%. U.S. Recorded Music revenues were $305 million and $258 million, or 44% and 42%, of consolidated Recorded Music revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016, respectively. International Recorded Music revenues were $381 million and $363 million, or 56% and 58%, of consolidated Recorded Music revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016, respectively.

The overall increase in Recorded Music revenue was driven by increases in digital revenue and artist services and expanded-rights revenue, partially offset by a decrease in physical revenue. Digital revenue increased by $72 million as a result of the strong new release of Ed Sheeran’s album “÷”, the continued success of Bruno Mars, Twenty One Pilots, the Hamilton soundtrack and Ed Sheeran’s album “x” and the continued growth in streaming services. Revenue from streaming services grew by $93 million to $300 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 from $207 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and was partially offset by digital download and other declines of $21 million to $100 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 from $121 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. Artist services and expanded-rights revenue increased by $2 million primarily due to merchandise revenue generated from successful U.S. artists. Physical revenue decreased by $9 million primarily due to the continued shift from physical revenue to digital revenue. Licensing revenue remained flat at $63 million.

Music Publishing revenues increased by $18 million, or 14%, to $145 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 from $127 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. Excluding the unfavorable impact of foreign currency exchange rates, Music Publishing revenue increased by $20 million, or 16%. U.S. Music Publishing revenues were $76 million and $64 million, or 52% and 50% of Music Publishing revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016, respectively. International Music Publishing revenues were $69 million and $63 million, or 48% and 50%, of Music Publishing revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016, respectively.

The overall increase in Music Publishing revenue was mainly driven by increases in digital revenue of $10 million, performance revenue of $6 million and synchronization revenue of $2 million. The increase in digital revenue was due to an increase in streaming revenue of $8 million and digital download and other of $2 million. Performance revenue increased due to increased public broadcast distributions and timing of local collection society distributions. Synchronization revenue increased due to increased film and commercial income.

U.S. revenue increased by $59 million, or 18%, to $381 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 from $322 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. U.S. Recorded Music revenue increased by $47 million, or 18%. The primary driver was the increase in U.S. Recorded Music digital revenue, which increased by $37 million due to the release of Ed Sheeran’s album “÷”, the continued successes of Bruno Mars, Twenty One Pilots and the Hamilton soundtrack and the continued growth in streaming services. U.S. Recorded Music artist services and expanded-rights revenue increased by $13 million primarily due to merchandise revenue generated from successful U.S. artists. These increases were partially offset by a decline in U.S. physical revenue due to the shift from physical revenue to digital revenue. U.S. Music Publishing revenue increased by $12 million, or 19%, to $76 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 from $64 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. This was primarily driven by the increase in U.S. Music Publishing digital revenue of $8 million due to increases in streaming services of $6 million and digital download and other of $2 million.

International revenue increased by $24 million, or 6%, to $450 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 from $426 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. Excluding the unfavorable impact of foreign currency exchange rates, International revenue increased by $37 million or 9%. International Recorded Music revenue increased $18 million primarily due to increases in digital revenue of $35 million, partially offset by decreases in artist services and expanded rights revenue of $11 million, licensing revenue of $4 million and physical revenue of $2 million. International Recorded Music digital revenue increased due to a $37 million increase in streaming revenue, partially offset by a $2 million decline in digital download and other revenue. The increase in International Recorded Music streaming revenue was due to the release of Ed Sheeran’s album “÷”, the continued success from Bruno Mars, Charlie Puth and Ed Sheeran’s album “x” and the continued adoption of streaming models internationally. International artist services and expanded rights revenue decreased due to the success of the Johnny Hallyday tour in France and Superfly tour in Japan in the prior year with no comparative tours in the current year. International Recorded Music licensing revenue and physical revenue decreased due to the unfavorable impact of foreign currency exchange rates of $2 million and $3 million, respectively. International Music Publishing revenue increased by $6 million, or 10%, to $69 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 from $63 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. This was primarily driven by the increase in International Music Publishing performance revenue of $5 million due to increased public broadcast distributions and timing of local collection society distributions.

Total cost of revenues increased by $41 million to $415 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 from $374 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. Expressed as a percentage of revenues, cost of revenues remained flat at 50% for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016.

Artist and repertoire costs increased by $47 million, to $292 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 from $245 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. Artist and repertoire costs as a percentage of revenue increased to 35% for the three months ended March 31, 2017 from 33% for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The increase was due to the mix in revenue, specifically strong performance from lower margin repertoire and higher artist related costs.

Product costs decreased by $6 million, to $123 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 from $129 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. Product costs as a percentage of revenue decreased to 15% for the three months ended March 31, 2017 from 17% for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The decrease was primarily driven by the decline in concert promotion revenue, which has higher costs and yields lower margins.

Our selling, general and administrative expenses were composed of the following amounts (in millions):

Total selling, general and administrative expense increased by $26 million, or 10%, to $282 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 from $256 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. Expressed as a percentage of revenue, selling, general and administrative expense remained flat at 34% for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016.

General and administrative expense increased by $10 million, or 7%, to $154 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 from $144 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The increase in general and administrative expense was due to an increase in variable compensation expense of $15 million associated with improved operating performance, partially offset by a decrease in PLG Acquisition related costs compared to a loss on divestiture in the prior year. Expressed as a percentage of revenue, general and administrative expense remained flat at 19% for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016.

Selling and marketing expense increased by $13 million, or 13%, to $113 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 from $100 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The increase in selling and marketing expense was primarily due to increased variable marketing expense on higher revenue in the quarter. Expressed as a percentage of revenue, selling and marketing expense increased to 14% for the three months ended March 31, 2017 from 13% for the three months ended March 31, 2016.

Distribution expense increased by $3 million, or 25%, to $15 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 from $12 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. Expressed as a percentage of revenue, distribution expense remained flat at 2% for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016.

Reconciliation of Net Income Attributable to Warner Music Group Corp. and Operating Income to Consolidated OIBDA

As previously described, we use OIBDA as our primary measure of financial performance. The following table reconciles operating income to OIBDA, and further provides the components from net income attributable to Warner Music Group Corp. to operating income for purposes of the discussion that follows (in millions):

OIBDA increased by $14 million, or 11%, to $141 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 as compared to $127 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 as a result of higher Recorded Music and Music Publishing revenues. Expressed as a percentage of total revenue, OIBDA remained flat at 17% for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016.

Our depreciation expense increased by $1 million, or 8%, to $13 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 from $12 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016.

Our amortization expense decreased by $13 million, or 21%, to $50 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 from $63 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016, primarily due to intangible assets becoming fully amortized and the impact of foreign currency exchange rates.

Our operating income increased by $26 million to $78 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 from $52 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The increase in operating income was due to the factors that led to the increase in OIBDA and lower amortization expense, as noted above.

We recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt in the amount of $4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. There was no such activity or comparable charges in the three months ended March 31, 2017.

Our interest expense, net, decreased by $7 million, or 16%, to $36 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 from $43 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 due to the reduction in our debt and lower interest rates as a result of the October 2016 Refinancing Transactions and our debt redemptions and debt prepayments in the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016.

Other expense for the quarter includes foreign currency losses on our Euro denominated debt and derivative assets of $14 million, as well as a $7 million loss on investments, compared to other income in the prior quarter due to a gain on the sale of real estate and foreign currency movements.

Our income tax expense decreased by $12 million to a tax expense of $3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to $15 million of income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The change of $12 million in income tax expense primarily relates to a U.S. tax benefit of $9 million for a realized foreign currency loss on an intra-entity loan. As a reliable estimate of the annual effective tax rate could not be made, our income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2016 was calculated based on a discrete tax rate.

Net income increased by $8 million to $20 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 from $12 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 as a result of the factors described above.

Income attributable to noncontrolling interest was $1 million for both the three months ended March 31, 2017 and the three months ended March 31, 2016.

Revenue, operating income (loss) and OIBDA by business segment were as follows (in millions):

Recorded Music revenue increased by $65 million, or 10%, to $686 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 from $621 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. U.S. Recorded Music revenues were $305 million and $258 million, or 44% and 42%, of consolidated Recorded Music revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016, respectively. International Recorded Music revenues were $381 million and $363 million, or 56% and 58% of consolidated Recorded Music revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016, respectively.

The overall increase in Recorded Music revenue was mainly driven by strong releases and streaming revenue growth as described in the “Total Revenues” and “Revenue by Geographical Location” sections above.

Recorded Music cost of revenues was composed of the following amounts (in millions):

Recorded Music cost of revenues increased by $28 million, or 9%, to $350 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 from $322 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. Expressed as a percentage of Recorded Music revenue, Recorded Music artist and repertoire costs increased to 33% for the three months ended March 31, 2017 from 31% for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The increase in artist and repertoire costs was primarily due to higher royalty expense associated with higher revenues and the shift in repertoire mix towards lower margin deals and increased artist related costs. Expressed as a percentage of Recorded Music revenue, Recorded Music product costs decreased to 18% for the three months ended March 31, 2017 from 21% for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The decrease in product costs was primarily driven by lower costs associated with artist services and expanded-rights revenue, specifically the decline in concert promotion revenue, which tends to have higher costs and yield lower margins.

Recorded Music selling, general and administrative expenses were composed of the following amounts (in millions):

Recorded Music selling, general and administrative expense increased by $19 million, or 9%, to $233 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 from $214 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The increase in Recorded Music general and administrative expense was primarily due to an increase in variable compensation expense of $9 million associated with improved operating performance, partially offset by a decrease in PLG Acquisition related costs and a loss on divestiture of $3 million in the prior year. The increase in selling and marketing expense was primarily due to the increase in variable marketing expense and was in line with the increase in revenue. Expressed as a percentage of Recorded Music revenue, Recorded Music selling, general and administrative expense decreased to 34% for the three months ended March 31, 2017 from 35% for the three months ended March 31, 2016.

Recorded Music OIBDA increased by $19 million, or 20%, to $112 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 from $93 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 as a result of higher Recorded Music revenues. Expressed as a percentage of Recorded Music revenue, Recorded Music OIBDA increased to 16% for the three months ended March 31, 2017 from 15% for the three months ended March 31, 2016.

Recorded Music operating income increased by $31 million to $69 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 from $38 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 due to the factors that led to the increase in Recorded Music OIBDA noted above and a decrease in depreciation and amortization expense due to intangible assets becoming fully amortized.

Music Publishing revenues increased by $18 million, or 14%, to $145 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 from $127 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. U.S. Music Publishing revenues were $76 million and $64 million, or 52% and 50%, of Music Publishing revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016, respectively. International Music Publishing revenues were $69 million and $63 million, or 48% and 50%, of Music Publishing revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016, respectively.

The overall increase in Music Publishing revenue was mainly driven by the increase in digital revenue and performance revenue as described in the “Total Revenues” and “Revenue by Geographical Location” sections above.

Music Publishing cost of revenues were composed of the following amounts (in millions):

Music Publishing cost of revenues increased by $16 million, or 29%, to $71 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 from $55 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. Expressed as a percentage of Music Publishing revenue, Music Publishing cost of revenues increased to 49% for the three months ended March 31, 2017 from 43% for the three months ended March 31, 2016, primarily due to a shift in revenue mix to lower margin deals.

Music Publishing selling, general and administrative expenses were comprised of the following amounts (in millions):

Music Publishing selling, general and administrative expense decreased by $2 million, or 11%, to $17 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 from $19 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. General and administrative expense for the three months ended March 31, 2017 decreased due to severance charges and legal costs taken in the prior year. Expressed as a percentage of Music Publishing revenue, Music Publishing selling, general and administrative expense decreased to 12% for the three months ended March 31, 2017 from 15% for the three months ended March 31, 2016.

Music Publishing OIBDA increased by $4 million to $58 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 from $54 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 as a result of higher Music Publishing revenue and lower general and administrative expense, offset by higher artist and repertoire costs, as noted above. Expressed as a percentage of Music Publishing revenue, Music Publishing OIBDA decreased to 40% for the three months ended March 31, 2017 from 43% for the three months ended March 31, 2016.

Music Publishing operating income increased by $4 million to $41 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 from $37 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 due to the factors that led to the increase in Music Publishing OIBDA noted above.

Our operating loss from corporate expenses and eliminations increased by $9 million to $32 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 from $23 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 due to an increase in variable compensation expense of $6 million associated with improved operating performance and costs associated with our U.S. shared services relocations and other transformation initiatives totaling $3 million.

Our OIBDA loss from corporate expenses and eliminations increased by $9 million to $29 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 from $20 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 due to the factors that led to the increase in operating loss noted above.

	For the Six Months Ended March 31,						2017 vs. 2016
	2017			2016			$ Change			% Change
Revenue by Type
Digital	$	802		$	650		$	152			23	%
Physical		369			399			(30	)		-8	%
Total Digital and Physical		1,171			1,049			122			12	%
Artist services and expanded-rights		171			162			9			6	%
Licensing		141			147			(6	)		-4	%
Total Recorded Music		1,483			1,358			125			9	%
Performance		87			87			—			—	%
Digital		86			60			26			43	%
Mechanical		33			37			(4	)		-11	%
Synchronization		58			55			3			6	%
Other		5			4			1			25	%
Total Music Publishing		269			243			26			11	%
Intersegment eliminations		(10	)		(7	)		(3	)		43	%
Total Revenue	$	1,742		$	1,594		$	148			9	%
Revenue by Geographical Location
U.S. Recorded Music	$	650		$	551		$	99			18	%
U.S. Music Publishing		127			107			20			19	%
Total U.S.		777			658			119			18	%
International Recorded Music		833			807			26			3	%
International Music Publishing		142			136			6			4	%
Total International		975			943			32			3	%
Intersegment eliminations		(10	)		(7	)		(3	)		43	%
Total Revenue	$	1,742		$	1,594		$	148			9	%

Total revenue increased by $148 million, or 9%, to $1,742 million for the six months ended March 31, 2017 from $1,594 million for the six months ended March 31, 2016. Excluding the unfavorable impact of foreign currency exchange rates, total revenue increased by $181 million, or 12%. Prior to intersegment eliminations, Recorded Music and Music Publishing revenues represented 85% and 15% of total revenue for both the six months ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016. Prior to intersegment eliminations, U.S. and international revenues represented 44% and 56% of total revenue for the six months ended March 31, 2017 and 41% and 59% of total revenue for the six months ended March 31, 2016, respectively.

Total digital revenue after intersegment eliminations increased by $175 million, or 25%, to $883 million for the six months ended March 31, 2017 from $708 million for the six months ended March 31, 2016. Excluding the unfavorable impact of foreign currency exchange rates, total digital revenue after intersegment eliminations increased by $186 million, or 27%. Total digital revenue represented 51% and 44% of consolidated revenue for the six months ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016, respectively. Prior to intersegment eliminations, total digital revenue for the six months ended March 31, 2017 was comprised of U.S. revenue of $490 million and international revenue of $398 million, or 55% and 45% of total digital revenue, respectively. Prior to intersegment eliminations, total digital revenue for the six months ended March 31, 2016 was comprised of U.S. revenue of $376 million and international revenue of $334 million, or 53% and 47% of total digital revenue, respectively.

Recorded Music revenue increased by $125 million, or 9%, to $1,483 million for the six months ended March 31, 2017 from $1,358 million for the six months ended March 31, 2016. Excluding the unfavorable impact of foreign currency exchange rates, Recorded Music revenue increased by $152 million, or 11%. U.S. Recorded Music revenues were $650 million and $551 million, or 44% and 41%, of consolidated Recorded Music revenues for the six months ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016, respectively. International Recorded Music revenues were $833 million and $807 million, or 56% and 59%, of consolidated Recorded Music revenues for the six months ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016, respectively.

The overall increase in Recorded Music revenue was mainly driven by increases in digital revenue and artist services and expanded rights revenue, partially offset by decreases in physical revenue and licensing revenue. Digital revenue increased by $152 million as a result of strong new releases from Ed Sheeran and Bruno Mars, the continued success from Twenty One Pilots, the Hamilton soundtrack and Ed Sheeran’s album “x” and the continued growth in streaming services. Revenue from streaming services grew by $192 million to $611 million for the six months ended March 31, 2017 from $419 million for the six months ended March 31, 2016 and was partially offset by digital download and other declines of $40 million to $191 million for the six months ended March 31, 2017 from $231 million for the six months ended March 31, 2016. Artist services and expanded-rights revenue increased by $9 million primarily due to merchandise revenue generated from successful U.S. artists. Physical revenue decreased by $30 million primarily due to the shift from physical revenue to digital revenue. Licensing revenue decreased by $6 million due to the unfavorable impact of foreign currency exchange rates of $6 million.

Music Publishing revenues increased by $26 million, or 11%, to $269 million for the six months ended March 31, 2017 from $243 million for the six months ended March 31, 2016. Excluding the unfavorable impact of foreign currency exchange rates, Music Publishing revenue increased by $32 million, or 14%. U.S. Music Publishing revenues were $127 million and $107 million, or 47% and 44% of Music Publishing revenues for the six months ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016, respectively. International Music Publishing revenues were $142 million and $136 million, or 53% and 56%, of Music Publishing revenues for the six months ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016, respectively.

The overall increase in Music Publishing revenue was mainly driven by increases in digital revenue of $26 million and synchronization revenue of $3 million, partially offset by a decrease in mechanical revenue of $4 million. The increase in digital revenue was due to an increase in streaming revenue of $26 million. The increase in synchronization revenue was due to increased activity. The decrease in mechanical revenue was attributable to an ongoing industry shift towards digital product.

U.S. revenue increased by $119 million, or 18%, to $777 million for the six months ended March 31, 2017 from $658 million for the six months ended March 31, 2016. U.S. Recorded Music revenue increased by $99 million, or 18%. The primary driver was the increase in U.S. Recorded Music digital revenue, which increased by $96 million due to strong new releases from Bruno Mars and Ed Sheeran, the continued successes of Twenty One Pilots and the Hamilton soundtrack and the continued growth in streaming services. U.S. Recorded Music artist services and expanded-rights revenue increased by $20 million primarily due to merchandise revenue generated from successful U.S. artists. These increases were partially offset by a decline in U.S. physical revenue of $14 million due to the shift from physical revenue to digital revenue and strong physically-centric releases in the six months ended March 31, 2016. U.S. Music Publishing revenue increased by $20 million, or 19%, to $127 million for the six months ended March 31, 2017 from $107 million for the six months ended March 31, 2016. This was primarily driven by the increase in U.S. Music Publishing digital revenue of $18 million due to increases in streaming services of $17 million.

International revenue increased by $32 million, or 3%, to $975 million for the six months ended March 31, 2017 from $943 million for the six months ended March 31, 2016. Excluding the unfavorable impact of foreign currency exchange rates, International revenue increased by $65 million or 7%. International Recorded Music revenue increased $26 million primarily due an increase in digital revenue of $56 million, partially offset by decreases in physical revenue of $16 million and artist services and expanded-rights revenue of $11 million. International Recorded Music digital revenue increased due to a $67 million increase in streaming revenue, partially offset by an $11 million decline in digital download and other revenue. The increase in International Recorded Music streaming revenue was due to the continued adoption of streaming models internationally, new releases from Ed Sheeran and Bruno Mars and the continued success from Twenty One Pilots and Charlie Puth. International physical revenue decreased due to the unfavorable impact of foreign currency exchange rates of $9 million, the continued shift from physical revenue to digital revenue and fewer domestic releases in certain territories. International artist services and expanded-rights revenue decreased due to strong concert promotion revenue in France and Japan as result of the Johnny Hallyday and Superfly tour in the prior year period with no comparative tours in the current year period, partially offset by successful tours in Italy. International Music Publishing revenue increased $6 million primarily due to increase in digital revenue of $8 million, partially offset by a decrease in mechanical revenue of $3 million.

Total cost of revenues increased by $88 million to $911 million for the six months ended March 31, 2017 from $823 million for the six months ended March 31, 2016. Expressed as a percentage of revenues, cost of revenues remained flat at 52% for both the six months ended March 31, 2017 and the six months ended March 31, 2016.

Artist and repertoire costs increased by $70 million, to $615 million for the six months ended March 31, 2017 from $545 million for the six months ended March 31, 2016. Artist and repertoire costs as a percentage of revenue increased to 35% for the six months ended March 31, 2017 from 34% for the six months ended March 31, 2016 due to the mix of revenue, specifically strong performance from lower margin repertoire and higher artist related costs.

Product costs increased by $18 million, to $296 million for the six months ended March 31, 2017 from $278 million for the six months ended March 31, 2016. Product costs as a percentage of revenue remained flat at 17% for both the six months ended March 31, 2017 and the six months ended March 31, 2016.

Total selling, general and administrative expense increased by $26 million to $558 million for the six months ended March 31, 2017 from $532 million for the six months ended March 31, 2016. Expressed as a percentage of revenue, selling, general and administrative expense decreased to 32% for the six months ended March 31, 2017 from 33% for the six months ended March 31, 2016.

General and administrative expense increased by $13 million, or 5%, to $302 million for the six months ended March 31, 2017 from $289 million for the six months ended March 31, 2016. The increase in general and administrative expense was due to an increase in variable compensation expense of $28 million associated with improved operating performance, partially offset by a decline in PLG related costs compared to a loss on divestiture and costs related to the Happy Birthday settlement in the prior year. Expressed as a percentage of revenue, general and administrative expense decreased to 17% for the six months ended March 31, 2017 from 18% for the six months ended March 31, 2016.

Selling and marketing expense increased by $11 million, or 5%, to $224 million for the six months ended March 31, 2017 from $213 million for the six months ended March 31, 2016. The increase in selling and marketing expense was primarily due to increased variable marketing expense on higher revenue. Expressed as a percentage of revenue, selling and marketing expense remained flat at 13% for both the six months ended March 31, 2017 and the six months ended March 31, 2016.

Distribution expense increased by $2 million, or 7%, to $32 million for the six months ended March 31, 2017 from $30 million for the six months ended March 31, 2017. Expressed as a percentage of revenue, distribution expense remained flat at 2% for the six months ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016.

Reconciliation of Net Income Attributable to Warner Music Group Corp. and Operating Income to Consolidated OIBDA

OIBDA increased by $34 million, or 13%, to $298 million for the six months ended March 31, 2017 as compared to $264 million for the six months ended March 31, 2016 as a result of higher Recorded Music and Music Publishing revenues. Expressed as a percentage of total revenue, OIBDA remained flat at 17% for the six months ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016.

Our depreciation expense remained flat at $25 million for both the six months ended March 31, 2017 and the six months ended March 31, 2016.

Our amortization expense decreased by $24 million, or 19%, to $101 million for the six months ended March 31, 2017 from $125 million for the six months ended March 31, 2016, primarily due to intangible assets becoming fully amortized and the impact of foreign currency exchange rates.

Our operating income increased by $58 million to $172 million for the six months ended March 31, 2017 from $114 million for the six months ended March 31, 2016. The increase in operating income was due to the factors that led to the increase in OIBDA and lower amortization expense, as noted above.

We recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt in the amount of $32 million for the six months ended March 31, 2017 as compared to a loss on extinguishment of debt of $4 million for the six months ended March 31, 2016. The loss for the six months ended March 31, 2017 represents the premium paid on early redemption and unamortized deferred financing costs. See Note 5 of our Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.

Our interest expense, net, decreased by $12 million, or 14%, to $76 million for the six months ended March 31, 2017 from $88 million for the six months ended March 31, 2016 due to the reduction in our debt and lower interest rates as a result of the October 2016 Refinancing Transactions and refinancing transactions that occurred in the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016.

Other income for the year includes a gain on our Euro denominated debt and derivative assets of $18 million, offset by currency exchange losses of $13 million on our intercompany loans and a $7 million loss on investments, compared to other income in the prior year due to a gain on the sale of real estate and foreign currency movements.

Our income tax expense increased by $8 million to $20 million for the six months ended March 31, 2017 from $12 million for the six months ended March 31, 2016. The change of $8 million in the income tax expense primarily relates to an increase to current year pretax income, a prior year deferred tax benefit of $10 million related to statutory rate changes in foreign jurisdictions, offset by a current year U.S. tax benefit of $9 million for a realized foreign currency loss on an intra-entity loan. As a reliable estimate of the annual effective tax rate could not be made, our income tax expense for the six months ended March 31, 2016 was calculated based on a discrete tax rate.

In addition, we continue to maintain a valuation allowance on U.S. tax attributes due to significant negative evidence, including cumulative U.S. losses in the most recent three-year period.

In recent years, there have been several favorable developments, including positive earnings related to recent growth in music market and completion of the debt refinance transactions that have reduced interest expense. As a result of these favorable developments, our projections indicate that the continuance of recent positive earnings may result in the emergence from cumulative U.S. losses during the second half of the fiscal year ending September 30, 2017. The expectation of emergence from the cumulative three-year loss as well as projections of sufficient future taxable income in the U.S. would represent significant positive evidence. Accordingly, after considering all relevant factors, it is possible that a significant portion of the U.S. valuation allowance could be released during the fiscal year ending September 30, 2017, which would materially and favorably affect net income and shareholders’ equity in that period. At September 30, 2016, the valuation allowance for U.S. consolidated income tax group was approximately $241 million related to U.S. net operating losses of $94 million and foreign tax credits of $147 million.

Net income increased by $4 million to $44 million for the six months ended March 31, 2017 from $40 million for the six months ended March 31, 2016 as a result of the factors described above.

Income attributable to noncontrolling interest was $3 million for the six months ended March 31, 2017 and $2 million for the six months ended March 31, 2016.

Revenue, operating income and OIBDA by business segment were as follows (in millions):

Recorded Music revenue increased by $125 million, or 9%, to $1,483 million for the six months ended March 31, 2017 from $1,358 million for the six months ended March 31, 2016. U.S. Recorded Music revenues were $650 million and $551 million, or 44% and 41%, of consolidated Recorded Music revenues for the six months ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016, respectively. International Recorded Music revenues were $833 million and $807 million, or 56% and 59% of consolidated Recorded Music revenues for the six months ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016, respectively.

Recorded Music cost of revenues was composed of the following amounts (in millions):

Recorded Music cost of revenues increased by $71 million, or 10%, to $757 million for the six months ended March 31, 2017 from $686 million for the six months ended March 31, 2016. Artist and repertoire costs as a percentage of revenue increased to 31% for the six months ended March 31, 2017 from 30% for the six months ended March 31, 2016 due to revenue mix, specifically strong performance from lower margin repertoire and higher artist related costs. Product costs as a percentage of revenue decreased to 20% for the six months ended March 31, 2017 from 21% for the six months ended March 31, 2016 due to the decline in concert promotion revenue, which tends to have higher costs and yield lower margins. Expressed as a percentage of Recorded Music revenue, Recorded Music cost of revenues remained flat at 51% for both the six months ended March 31, 2017 and the six months ended March 31, 2016.

Recorded Music selling, general and administrative expenses were composed of the following amounts (in millions):

Recorded Music selling, general and administrative expense increased by $22 million, or 5%, to $465 million for the six months ended March 31, 2017 from $443 million for the six months ended March 31, 2016. The increase in Recorded Music selling, general and administrative expense was primarily due to an increase in variable compensation expense of $17 million associated with improved operating performance and an increase in variable marketing expense, partially offset by a decrease in PLG related costs and $3 million loss on divestiture of business in the prior year period. Expressed as a percentage of Recorded Music revenue, Recorded Music selling, general and administrative expense decreased to 31% for the six months ended March 31, 2017 from 33% for the six months ended March 31, 2016.

Recorded Music OIBDA increased by $32 million, or 13%, to $277 million for the six months ended March 31, 2017 from $245 million for the six months ended March 31, 2016 as a result of higher Recorded Music revenues, partially offset by increased selling, general and administrative expenses. Expressed as a percentage of Recorded Music revenue, Recorded Music OIBDA increased to 19% for the six months ended March 31, 2017 from 18% for the six months ended March 31, 2016.

Recorded Music operating income increased by $56 million to $192 million for the six months ended March 31, 2017 from $136 million for the six months ended March 31, 2016 due to the factors that led to the increase in Recorded Music OIBDA noted above and a decrease in amortization expense due to intangible assets becoming fully amortized.

Music Publishing revenues increased by $26 million, or 11%, to $269 million for the six months ended March 31, 2017 from $243 million for the six months ended March 31, 2016. U.S. Music Publishing revenues were $127 million and $107 million, or 47% and 44%, of Music Publishing revenues for the six months ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016, respectively. International Music Publishing revenues were $142 million and $136 million, or 53% and 56%, of Music Publishing revenues for the six months ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016, respectively.

The overall increase in Music Publishing revenue was mainly driven by the increase in digital revenue as described in the “Total Revenues” and “Revenue by Geographical Location” sections above.

Music Publishing cost of revenues were composed of the following amounts (in millions):

Music Publishing cost of revenues increased by $20 million, or 14%, to $164 million for the six months ended March 31, 2017 from $144 million for the six months ended March 31, 2016. Expressed as a percentage of Music Publishing revenue, Music Publishing cost of revenues increased to 61% for the three months ended March 31, 2017 from 59% for the three months ended March 31, 2016, primarily due to a shift in revenue mix.

Music Publishing selling, general and administrative expenses were comprised of the following amounts (in millions):

Music Publishing selling, general and administrative expense decreased by $9 million, or 21%, to $34 million for the six months ended March 31, 2017 from $43 million for the six months ended March 31, 2016. General and administrative expense for the six months ended March 31, 2017 decreased due to costs related to the Happy Birthday settlement and severance charges taken in the prior year. Expressed as a percentage of Music Publishing revenue, Music Publishing selling, general and administrative expense decreased to 13% for the six months ended March 31, 2017 from 18% for the six months ended March 31, 2016.

Music Publishing OIBDA increased by $15 million to $74 million for the six months ended March 31, 2017 from $59 million for the six months ended March 31, 2016 as a result of higher Music Publishing revenue and lower general and administrative expense offset by higher artist and repertoire costs, as noted above. Expressed as a percentage of Music Publishing revenue, Music Publishing OIBDA increased to 28% for the six months ended March 31, 2017 from 24% for the six months ended March 31, 2016.

Music Publishing operating income increased by $15 million to $39 million for the six months ended March 31, 2017 from $24 million for the six months ended March 31, 2016 due to the factors that led to the increase in Music Publishing OIBDA noted above.

Our operating loss from corporate expenses and eliminations increased by $13 million to $59 million for the six months ended March 31, 2017 from $46 million for the six months ended March 31, 2016 due mainly to an increase in variable compensation expense of $10 million associated with improved operating performance and costs associated with our U.S. shared services relocation and other transformation initiatives totaling $3 million.

Our OIBDA loss from corporate expenses and eliminations increased by $13 million to $53 million for the six months ended March 31, 2017 from $40 million for the six months ended March 31, 2016 due to the factors that led to the increase in operating loss noted above.

At March 31, 2017, we had $2.767 billion of debt (which is net of $34 million of deferred financing costs), $476 million of cash and equivalents (net debt of $2.291 billion, defined as total long-term debt, less cash and equivalents and deferred financing costs) and $170 million of Warner Music Group Corp. equity. This compares to $2.778 billion of debt (which is net of $34 million of deferred financing costs), $359 million of cash and equivalents (net debt of $2.419 billion) and $195 million of Warner Music Group Corp. equity at September 30, 2016.

The following table summarizes our historical cash flows. The financial data for the six months ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016 are unaudited and are derived from our interim financial statements included elsewhere herein. The cash flow is composed of the following (in millions):

Cash provided by operating activities was $226 million for the six months ended March 31, 2017 as compared with cash provided by operating activities of $172 million for the six months ended March 31, 2016. The primary drivers of the $54 million increase in cash provided by operating activities was an increase in comparative OIBDA of $34 million and the benefit of changes in working capital from operations including the timing of royalty advances and royalty payables and increased non-cash share-based compensation expense of $13 million, offset by the timing of collections.

Cash used in investing activities was $12 million for the six months ended March 31, 2017 as compared with cash provided by investing activities of $5 million for the six months ended March 31, 2016. The $12 million of cash used in investing activities in the six months ended March 31, 2017 consisted of $6 million of business investments and acquisitions, $6 million to acquire music publishing rights and $18 million of capital expenditures, partially offset by $18 million proceeds from divestitures. The $5 million of cash provided by investing activities for the six months ended March 31, 2016 consisted of $42 million of proceeds from the sale of real estate and $6 million proceeds from divestitures, partially offset by $8 million of business investments and acquisitions, $12 million to acquire music publishing rights, and $23 million of capital expenditures.

Cash used in financing activities was $93 million for the six months ended March 31, 2017 compared to $100 million for the six months ended March 31, 2016. The $93 million of cash used in financing activities for the six months ended March 31, 2017 consisted of the repayment of Acquisition Corp.’s 6.00% Senior Secured Notes of $450 million, repayment of Acquisition Corp.’s 6.25% Senior Secured Notes of $173 million, repayment of Acquisition Corp.’s 5.625% Senior Secured Notes of $28 million, call premiums paid on early redemption of $27 million, deferred financing costs paid of $12 million, special cash dividends paid of $54 million, and a distribution to our non-controlling interest holders of $1 million, partially offset by proceeds from issuance of Acquisition Corp.’s 4.125% Senior Secured Notes of €345 million, proceeds from issuance of Acquisition Corp.’s 4.875% Senior Secured Notes of $250 million and proceeds from the amendment of Acquisition Corp.’s Senior Term Loan Facility of $22 million. The $100 million of cash used in financing activities for the six months ended March 31, 2016 consisted of the repayment of $50 million of Holdings 13.75% Senior Notes, $3 million of call premiums on early redemptions of debt, open market repurchase of $24 million of Acquisition Corp. 6.75% Senior Notes, $6 million in amortization payments on the Senior Term Loan Facility, $14 million repayment of capital lease obligations and a $3 million distribution to our non-controlling interest holders.

There were no drawdowns on the Revolving Credit Facility during the six months ended March 31, 2017 or the six months ended March 31, 2016.

Our primary sources of liquidity are the cash flows generated from our subsidiaries’ operations, available cash and equivalents and funds available for drawing under our Revolving Credit Facility. These sources of liquidity are needed to fund our debt service requirements, working capital requirements, capital expenditure requirements, strategic acquisitions and investments, and any dividends, prepayments of debt or repurchases or retirement of our outstanding debt or notes in open market purchases, privately negotiated purchases or otherwise, we may elect to pay or make in the future. We believe that our existing sources of cash will be sufficient to support our existing operations over the next twelve months.

For further discussion of our debt agreements, see “Liquidity” in the “Financial Condition and Liquidity” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016.

The Company was in compliance with its covenants under its outstanding notes, Revolving Credit Facility and Senior Term Loan Facility as of March 31, 2017.

Our Revolving Credit Facility contains a springing leverage ratio that is tied to a ratio based on Consolidated EBITDA, which is defined under the Credit Agreement governing the Revolving Credit Facility. Our ability to borrow funds under our Revolving Credit Facility may depend upon our ability to meet the leverage ratio test at the end of a fiscal quarter to the extent we have drawn a certain amount of revolving loans. Consolidated EBITDA differs from the term “EBITDA” as it is commonly used. For example, the definition of Consolidated EBITDA, in addition to adjusting net income to exclude interest expense, income taxes, and depreciation and amortization, also adjusts net income by excluding items or expenses not typically excluded in the calculation of “EBITDA” such as, among other items, (1) the amount of any restructuring charges or reserves; (2) any non-cash charges (including any impairment charges); (3) any net loss resulting from hedging currency exchange risks; (4) the amount of management, monitoring, consulting and advisory fees paid to Access under the Management Agreement (as defined in the Credit Agreement); (5) business optimization expenses (including consolidation initiatives, severance costs and other costs relating to initiatives aimed at profitability improvement); (6) transaction expenses and (7) equity-based compensation expense. It also includes an adjustment for the pro forma impact of certain projected cost-savings and synergies. The indentures governing our notes and our Senior Term Loan Facility use financial measures called “Consolidated EBITDA” or “EBITDA” that have the same definition as Consolidated EBITDA as defined under the Credit Agreement governing the Revolving Credit Facility.

Consolidated EBITDA is presented herein because it is a material component of the leverage ratio contained in our Revolving Credit Agreement. Non-compliance with the leverage ratio could result in the inability to use our Revolving Credit Facility, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position and cash flow. Consolidated EBITDA does not represent net income or cash from operating activities as those terms are defined by U.S. GAAP and does not necessarily indicate whether cash flows will be sufficient to fund cash needs. While Consolidated EBITDA and similar measures are frequently used as measures of operations and the ability to meet debt service requirements, these terms are not necessarily comparable to other similarly titled captions of other companies due to the potential inconsistencies in the method of calculation. Consolidated EBITDA does not reflect the impact of earnings or charges resulting from matters that we may consider not to be indicative of our ongoing operations. In particular, the definition of Consolidated EBITDA in the Revolving Credit Agreement allows us to add back certain non-cash, extraordinary, unusual or non-recurring charges that are deducted in calculating net income. However, these are expenses that may recur, vary greatly and are difficult to predict.

Consolidated EBITDA as presented below is not a measure of the performance of our business and should not be used by investors as an indicator of performance for any future period. Further, our debt instruments require that it be calculated for the most recent four fiscal quarters. As a result, the measure can be disproportionately affected by a particularly strong or weak quarter. Further, it may not be comparable to the measure for any subsequent four quarter period or any complete fiscal year. In addition, our debt instruments require that the leverage ratio be calculated on a pro forma basis for certain transactions including acquisitions as if such transactions had occurred on the first date of the measurement period and may include expected cost savings and synergies resulting from or related to any such transaction. There can be no assurances that any such cost savings or synergies will be achieved in full.

The following is a reconciliation of net income, which is a U.S. GAAP measure of our operating results, to Consolidated EBITDA as defined, and the calculation of the Senior Secured Indebtedness to Consolidated EBITDA ratio, which we refer to as the Leverage Ratio, under our Revolving Credit Agreement for the most recently ended four fiscal quarters, or twelve months ended March 31, 2017. The terms and related calculations are defined in the Revolving Credit Agreement. All amounts in the reconciliation below reflect WMG Acquisition Corp. (in millions, except ratio):

Management believes that funds generated from our operations and borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility and available cash and equivalents will be sufficient to fund our debt service requirements, working capital requirements and capital expenditure requirements for the foreseeable future. We also have additional borrowing capacity under our indentures and Senior Term Loan Facility. However, our ability to continue to fund these items and to reduce debt may be affected by general economic, financial, competitive, legislative and regulatory factors, as well as other industry-specific factors such as the ability to control music piracy, the continued transition from physical to digital sales and continued growth in digital sales in the recorded music business. We or any of our affiliates continue to evaluate opportunities to, from time to time depending on market conditions and prices, contractual restrictions, our financial liquidity and other factors, seek to prepay outstanding debt or repurchase or retire Acquisition Corp.’s outstanding debt or debt securities in open market purchases, privately negotiated purchases or otherwise. The amounts involved in any such transactions, individually or in the aggregate, may be material and may be funded from available cash or from additional borrowings. In addition, we may from time to time, depending on market conditions and prices, contractual restrictions, our financial liquidity and other factors, seek to refinance our Senior Credit Facilities or our outstanding debt or debt securities with available cash and/or with funds provided from additional borrowings.

As discussed in Note 13 to our audited Consolidated Financial Statements for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016, the Company is exposed to market risk arising from changes in market rates and prices, including movements in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. As of March 31, 2017, other than as described below, there have been no material changes to the Company’s exposure to market risk since September 30, 2016.

Within our global business operations we have transactional exposures that may be adversely affected by changes in foreign currency exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar. We may at times choose to use foreign exchange currency derivatives, primarily forward contracts, to manage the risk associated with the volatility of future cash flows denominated in foreign currencies, such as unremitted or future royalties and license fees owed to our U.S. domestic companies for the sale, or anticipated sale, of U.S.-copyrighted products sold abroad, that may be adversely affected by changes in foreign currency exchange rates. We focus on managing the level of exposure to the risk of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on major currencies, which can include the British Pound, Euro, Japanese Yen, Canadian Dollar, Swedish Krona and Australian Dollar, and in many cases we have natural hedges where we have expenses associated with local operations that offset the revenue in local currency and our Euro-denominated debt, which can offset declines in the Euro. As of March 31, 2017, the Company had outstanding hedge contracts for the sale of $214 million and the purchase of $125 million of foreign currencies at fixed rates. Subsequent to March 31, 2017, certain of our foreign exchange contracts expired.

The fair value of foreign exchange contracts is subject to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. For the purpose of assessing the specific risks, we use a sensitivity analysis to determine the effects that market risk exposures may have on the fair value of our financial instruments. For foreign exchange forward contracts outstanding at March 31, 2017, assuming a hypothetical 10% depreciation of the U.S. dollar against foreign currencies from prevailing foreign currency exchange rates and assuming no change in interest rates, the fair value of the foreign exchange forward contracts would have decreased by $9 million. Because our foreign exchange contracts are entered into for hedging purposes, these losses would be largely offset by gains on the underlying transactions.

We had $2.808 billion of principal debt outstanding at March 31, 2017, of which $1.006 billion was variable rate debt and $1.802 billion was fixed rate debt. As such, we are exposed to changes in interest rates. At March 31, 2017, 64% of the Company’s debt was at a fixed rate. In addition, at March 31, 2017, all of our floating rate debt under our Senior Term Loan Facility was subject to a LIBOR floor of 1.0%, which is in excess of the current one month LIBOR rate. Under our Senior Term Loan Facility, we have the option to select a one, two, three or six month LIBOR rate. The LIBOR floor has effectively turned these LIBOR loans into fixed rate debt until such time as the LIBOR rates move higher than the floor.

Based on the level of interest rates prevailing at March 31, 2017, the fair value of the fixed rate and variable rate debt was approximately $2.865 billion. Further, based on the amount of its fixed rate debt, a 25 basis point increase or decrease in the level of interest rates would decrease the fair value of the fixed rate debt by approximately $14 million or increase the fair value of the fixed rate debt by approximately $10 million. This potential increase or decrease is based on the simplified assumption that the level of fixed-rate debt remains constant with an immediate across the board increase or decrease in the level of interest rates with no subsequent changes in rates for the remainder of the period.

Our variable-rate debt is subject to variable interest rates but includes a LIBOR floor of 1%, which is in excess of the current one month LIBOR rate. A 25 basis point increase in current interest rates will not have a material impact on our annual interest expense. The Revolving Credit Facility is subject to variable interest rates but is assumed to be undrawn for purposes of this calculation. Our Revolving Credit Facility remained undrawn as of the date of filing of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.

The certifications of the principal executive officer and the principal financial officer (or persons performing similar functions) required by Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Certifications”) are filed as exhibits to this report. This section of the report contains the information concerning the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) (“Disclosure Controls”) and changes to internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) (“Internal Controls”) referred to in the Certifications and this information should be read in conjunction with the Certifications for a more complete understanding of the topics presented.

The Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules define “disclosure controls and procedures” as controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by public companies in the reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by public companies in the reports that they file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to a company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

The Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules define “internal control over financial reporting” as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, a public company’s principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by our board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP, including those policies and procedures that: (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company, (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Our management, including the principal executive officer and principal financial officer, does not expect that our Disclosure Controls or Internal Controls will prevent or detect all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Because of the limitations in any and all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within our company have been detected. Further, the design of any control system is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Because of these inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected even when effective Disclosure Controls and Internal Controls are in place.

Based on our management’s evaluation (with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer), as of the end of the period covered by this report, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that our Disclosure Controls are effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act will be recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, including that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

There have been no changes in our Internal Controls over financial reporting or other factors during the quarter ended March 31, 2017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our Internal Controls.

In addition to the matter discussed above, the Company is involved in various litigation and regulatory proceedings arising in the normal course of business. Where it is determined, in consultation with counsel based on litigation and settlement risks, that a loss is probable and estimable in a given matter, the Company establishes an accrual. In the currently pending proceedings, the amount of accrual is not material. An estimate of the reasonably possible loss or range of loss in excess of the amounts already accrued cannot be made at this time due to various factors typical in contested proceedings, including (1) the results of ongoing discovery; (2) uncertain damage theories and demands; (3) a less than complete factual record; (4) uncertainty concerning legal theories and their resolution by courts or regulators; and (5) the unpredictable nature of the opposing party and its demands. However, the Company cannot predict with certainty the outcome of any litigation or the potential for future litigation. As such, the Company continuously monitors these proceedings as they develop and adjusts any accrual or disclosure as needed. Regardless of the outcome, litigation could have an adverse impact on the Company, including the Company’s brand value, because of defense costs, diversion of management resources and other factors and it could have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations for a given reporting period.

In addition to the other information contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, certain risk factors should be considered carefully in evaluating our business. A wide range of risks may affect our business and financial results, now and in the future. We consider the risks described in Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016, to be the most significant. There may be other currently unknown or unpredictable economic, business, competitive, regulatory or other factors that could have material adverse effects on our future results.

The agreements and other documents filed as exhibits to this report are not intended to provide factual information or other disclosure other than with respect to the terms of the agreements or other documents themselves, and you should not rely on them for that purpose. In particular, any representations and warranties made by us in these agreements or other documents were made solely within the specific context of the relevant agreement or document and may not describe the actual state of affairs as of the date they were made or at any other time.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

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		Page Number
Part I.	Financial Information
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)		3
	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2017 and September 30, 2016		3
	Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Six Months Ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016		4
	Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Three and Six Months Ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016		5
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016		6
	Consolidated Statement of Equity for the Six Months Ended March 31, 2017		7
	Notes to Consolidated Interim Financial Statements		8
	Supplementary Information—Consolidating Financial Statements		20
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		33
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk		61
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures		62
Part II.	Other Information		63
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings		63
Item 1A.	Risk Factors		63
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds		63
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities		64
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures		64
Item 5.	Other Information		64
Item 6.	Exhibits		64
Signatures			65

	Weighted
	Average	March 31,			September 30,
	Useful Life	2017			2016
		(in millions)
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
Recorded music catalog	10 years	$	893		$	923
Music publishing copyrights	27 years		1,484			1,504
Artist and songwriter contracts	13 years		860			883
Trademarks	7 years		7			7
Other intangible assets	8 years		5			5
Total gross intangible asset subject to amortization			3,249			3,322
Accumulated amortization			(1,193	)		(1,121	)
Total net intangible assets subject to amortization			2,056			2,201
Intangible assets not subject to amortization:
Trademarks and tradenames	Indefinite		116			116
Total net intangible assets		$	2,172		$	2,317

	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	March 31,						March 31,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
	(in millions)						(in millions)
Revenue	$	825		$	745		$	1,742		$	1,594
Costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue		(415	)		(374	)		(911	)		(823	)
Selling, general and administrative expenses (a)		(282	)		(256	)		(558	)		(532	)
Amortization expense		(50	)		(63	)		(101	)		(125	)
Total costs and expenses		(747	)		(693	)		(1,570	)		(1,480	)
Operating income		78			52			172			114
Loss on extinguishment of debt		—			(4	)		(32	)		(4	)
Interest expense, net		(36	)		(43	)		(76	)		(88	)
Other (expense) income		(19	)		22			—			30
Income before income taxes		23			27			64			52
Income tax expense		(3	)		(15	)		(20	)		(12	)
Net income		20			12			44			40
Less: Income attributable to noncontrolling interest		(1	)		(1	)		(3	)		(2	)
Net income attributable to Warner Music Group Corp.	$	19		$	11		$	41		$	38

(a) Includes depreciation expense of:	$	(13	)	$	(12	)	$	(25	)	$	(25	)

										Accumulated			Total
					Additional					Other			Warner Music
	Common Stock				Paid-in		Accumulated			Comprehensive			Group Corp.			Noncontrolling			Total
	Shares		Value		Capital		Deficit			Loss			Equity			Interest			Equity
	(in millions, except share amounts)
Balance at September 30, 2016		1,055	$	—	$	1,128	$	(715	)	$	(218	)	$	195		$	15		$	210
Net income		—		—		—		41			—			41			3			44
Dividends		—		—		—		(54	)		—			(54	)		—			(54	)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax		—		—		—		—			(14	)		(14	)		—			(14	)
Distribution to noncontrolling interest holders		—		—		—		—			—			—			(1	)		(1	)
Other		—		—		—		2			—			2			—			2
Balance at March 31, 2017		1,055	$	—	$	1,128	$	(726	)	$	(232	)	$	170		$	17		$	187

	Foreign			Minimum			Deferred Losses			Accumulated
	Currency			Pension			On Derivative			Other
	Translation			Liability			Financial			Comprehensive
	Loss (a)			Adjustment			Instruments			Loss, net
	(in millions)
Balance at September 30, 2016	$	(201	)	$	(17	)	$	—		$	(218	)
Other comprehensive loss		(13	)		—			(1	)		(14	)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income		—			—			—			—
Balance at March 31, 2017	$	(214	)	$	(17	)	$	(1	)	$	(232	)

	Recorded			Music
	Music			Publishing		Total
	(in millions)
Balance at September 30, 2016	$	1,163		$	464	$	1,627
Acquisitions		2			—		2
Divestitures		(2	)		—		(2	)
Other adjustments (a)		(13	)		—		(13	)
Balance at March 31, 2017	$	1,150		$	464	$	1,614

	March 31,		September 30,
	2017 (a)		2016
	(in millions)
Other current assets	$	2	$	—
Other current liabilities		—		—

					Corporate
	Recorded		Music		expenses and
	Music		Publishing		eliminations			Total
Three Months Ended	(in millions)
March 31, 2017
Revenues	$	686	$	145	$	(6	)	$	825
Operating income (loss)		69		41		(32	)		78
Amortization of intangible assets		34		16		—			50
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment		9		1		3			13
OIBDA		112		58		(29	)		141
March 31, 2016
Revenues	$	621	$	127	$	(3	)	$	745
Operating income (loss)		38		37		(23	)		52
Amortization of intangible assets		47		16		—			63
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment		8		1		3			12
OIBDA		93		54		(20	)		127

	Fair Value Measurements as of March 31, 2017
	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)			Total
	(in millions)
Other Current Assets:
Foreign Currency Forward Exchange Contracts (a)	$	—	$	2	$	—		$	2
Other Current Liabilities:
Foreign Currency Forward Exchange Contracts (a)		—		—		—			—
Other Current Liabilities:
Contractual Obligations (b)		—		—		—			—
Other Non-Current Liabilities:
Contractual Obligations (b)		—		—		(5	)		(5	)
Total	$	—	$	2	$	(5	)	$	(3	)

	Fair Value Measurements as of September 30, 2016
	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)			Total
	(in millions)
Other Current Liabilities:
Contractual Obligations (b)		—		—		—			—
Other Non-Current Liabilities:
Contractual Obligations (b)		—		—		(4	)		(4	)
Total	$	—	$	—	$	(4	)	$	(4	)

Revolving Credit Facility—Acquisition Corp. (a)	$	—
Senior Term Loan Facility due 2023—Acquisition Corp. (b)		987
5.625% Senior Secured Notes due 2022—Acquisition Corp. (c)		246
5.00% Senior Secured Notes due 2023—Acquisition Corp. (d)		296
4.125% Senior Secured Notes due 2024— Acquisition Corp. (e)		363
4.875% Senior Secured Notes due 2024— Acquisition Corp. (f)		246
6.75% Senior Notes due 2022—Acquisition Corp. (g)		629
Total debt (h)	$	2,767

	Twelve Months Ended March 31, 2017
Net Income	$	47
Income tax expense		19
Interest expense, net		156
Depreciation and amortization		270
Loss on extinguishment of debt (a)		36
Net gain on divestitures (b)		(14	)
Restructuring costs (c)		12
Net hedging gains and foreign exchange losses (d)		10
Management fees (e)		9
Transaction costs (f)		1
Business optimization expenses (g)		10
Equity based compensation expense (h)		34
Other non-cash charges (i)		—
Pro forma impact of certain transactions (j)		9
Pro Forma Consolidated EBITDA	$	599
Senior Secured Indebtedness (k)	$	2,022
Leverage Ratio (l)	3.38x

Exhibit Number		Description


10.1*		Amended and Restated Warner Music Group Corp. Senior Management Free Cash Flow Plan

10.2*		Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of WMG Management Holdings, LLC, dated as of March 10, 2017

31.1*		Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act, as amended

31.2*		Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act, as amended

32.1**		Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.2**		Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101.1*		Financial statements from the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Warner Music Group Corp. for the quarter ended March 31, 2017, filed on May 8, 2017, formatted in XBRL: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Loss, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (v) Consolidated Statements of Equity and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

Warner Music Group Corp.
By:		/S/ STEPHEN COOPER
Name:		Stephen Cooper
Title:		Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
By:		/S/ ERIC LEVIN
Name:		Eric Levin
Title:		Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)