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GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired plus liabilities assumed arising from business combinations. The balance of goodwill was approximately $737.8 million and $715.9 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We have the following reporting units: (i) Games; (ii) Financial Access Services; (iii) Kiosk Sales and Services; (iv) Central Credit Services; (v) Compliance Sales and Services; (vi) Loyalty Sales and Services; and (vii) Mobile Technologies.
In accordance with ASC 350 (“Intangibles—Goodwill and Other”), we test goodwill at the reporting unit level, which is identified as an operating segment or one level below, for impairment on an annual basis and between annual tests if events and circumstances indicate it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount.

We test our goodwill for impairment on October 1 each year, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. The annual impairment test is completed using either: a qualitative “Step 0” assessment based on reviewing relevant events and circumstances or a quantitative “Step 1” assessment, which determines the fair value of the reporting unit, using both an income approach that discounts future cash flows based on the estimated future results of our reporting units and a market approach that compares market multiples of comparable companies to determine whether or not any impairment exists. To the extent the carrying amount of a reporting unit is less than its estimated fair value, an impairment charge is recorded.

In connection with our annual goodwill impairment testing process for 2023 and 2022, we determined that no impairment adjustments were necessary for each of our reporting units.
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill are as follows (in thousands):
 GamesFinancial Access ServicesKiosk Sales and ServicesCentral Credit ServicesCompliance Sales and ServicesLoyalty Sales and ServicesMobile TechnologiesTotal
Goodwill      
Balance, December 31, 2021$449,041$157,090$5,745$17,127$12,265$41,395$—$682,663
Foreign currency translation —(41)(661)————(702)
Acquisition related adjustments12,402—10,776—(129)—10,86033,909
Balance, December 31, 2022$461,443$157,049$15,860$17,127$12,136$41,395$10,860$715,870
Foreign currency translation—14(819)————(805)
Acquisition related adjustments22,932—2,925———(1,245)24,612
Subsequent recognition of deferred tax assets
—(1,873)—————(1,873)
Balance, December 31, 2023$484,375$155,190$17,966$17,127$12,136$41,395$9,615$737,804
Other Intangible Assets
Other intangible assets consist of the following (in thousands): 
  At December 31, 2023At December 31, 2022
Useful Life (Years)CostAccumulated AmortizationNet Book ValueCostAccumulated AmortizationNet Book Value
Other intangible assets       
Contract rights under placement fee agreements
2-7
$57,821 $21,592 $36,229 $57,821 $12,252 $45,569 
Customer relationships
3-14
337,829 255,972 81,857 331,999 233,150 98,849 
Developed technology and software
1-7
453,453 340,286 113,167 401,087 309,285 91,802 
Patents, trademarks, and other
2-18
24,783 21,898 2,885 22,334 20,279 2,055 
Total $873,886 $639,748 $234,138 $813,241 $574,966 $238,275 
Amortization expense related to other intangible assets totaled approximately $60.0 million, $59.6 million, and $58.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. We capitalized $49.4 million, $46.3 million, and $30.2 million of internally-developed software costs for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.
Placement fees are allocated to intangible assets and are generally amortized over the term of the contract, which is recorded as a reduction of revenue generated from the facility. In the past we have, and in the future, we may, by mutual agreement, amend the agreements to reduce our floor space at these facilities.
We paid approximately $0.5 million and $31.5 million in placement fees for the years ended December 31, 2022, and 2021, respectively. In September 2021, we entered into a placement fee agreement with a customer for certain of its locations for approximately $28.9 million, which we settled in October 2021. There were no imputed interest amounts recorded in connection with these payments for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. There were no placement fees paid for the year ended December 31, 2023.
On a quarterly basis, we evaluate our other intangible assets for potential impairment as part of our review process. During the fourth quarter of 2023, we recorded a partial write-down of the definite-lived customer relationships intangible asset associated with our acquisition of Intuicode, reflected in the Games segment. The impairment loss of approximately $11.7 million was included within Operating Expenses of our Statements of Operations. We determined this asset was impaired by comparing its carrying value to our revised estimate of discounted future cash flows, which were negatively impacted by a certain large customer being acquired that generated lower than anticipated operating results. The customer relationships intangible asset was valued using Level 3 fair value inputs and had a revised cost basis of $0.5 million and a remaining life of five years at December 31, 2023.
There was no material impairment identified for any of our other intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.
The anticipated amortization expense related to other intangible assets, assuming no subsequent impairment of the underlying assets, is as follows (in thousands): 
Anticipated amortization expenseAmount
2024$61,061 
202544,143 
202632,446 
202713,755 
20284,897 
Thereafter16,545 
Total (1)
$172,847 
(1) For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company had $61.3 million in other intangible assets that had not yet been placed into service.