497K 1 fp0082389-8_497k.htm
epamlogo

EuroPac International Dividend Income Fund

Class A: EPDPX

Class I: EPDIX

Summary Prospectus March 1, 2023

 

Before you invest, you may want to review the Fund’s prospectus, which contains more information about the Fund and its risks. You can find the Fund’s Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information and other information about the Fund online at http://www.europacificfunds.com/funds/dividend-fund/. You may also obtain this information at no cost by calling 1-888-558-5851 or by sending an e-mail request to info@europacificfunds.com. The Fund’s Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information, both dated March 1, 2023, as each may be amended or supplemented, are incorporated by reference into this Summary Prospectus.

 

Investment Objectives

The investment objectives of the EuroPac International Dividend Income Fund (the “Fund”) are to seek income and maximize growth of income with capital appreciation as a secondary objective.

 

Fees and Expenses of the Fund

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and example below. You may qualify for sales charge discounts if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $50,000 in the Fund. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional and in the section titled “Sales Charge Schedule” on page 62 of the statutory prospectus and in “APPENDIX A – Waivers and Discounts Available from Intermediaries” of the statutory Prospectus.

 

     

Class A

Shares

     

Class I

Shares

 
Shareholder Fees
(fees paid directly from your investment)
               
Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on purchases (as a percentage of offering price)     4.50%       None  
Maximum deferred sales charge (load)     None       None  
Redemption fee if redeemed within 30 days of purchase (as a percentage of amount redeemed)     2.00%       2.00%  
Wire fee     $20       $20  
Overnight check delivery fee     $25       $25  
Retirement account fees (annual maintenance fee)     $15       $15  
                 
Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of your investment)
     
Management fees     0.85%       0.85%  
Distribution and service (Rule 12b-1) fees     0.25%       None  
Other expenses     0.39%       0.39%  
Shareholder service fees 0.09%       0.09%      
All other expenses 0.30%       0.30%      
Recoupment of fees waived and/or expenses reimbursed1     0.01%       0.01%  
Acquired fund fees and expenses     0.02%       0.02%  
Total annual fund operating expenses2     1.52%       1.27%  
                 

 

1The Fund’s advisor has contractually agreed to waive its fees and/or pay for operating expenses of the Fund to ensure that total annual fund operating expenses (excluding any taxes, leverage interest, brokerage commissions, dividend and interest expenses on short sales, acquired fund fees and expenses (as determined in accordance with SEC Form N-1A), professional fees related to services for the collection of foreign tax reclaims, expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization, and extraordinary expenses such as litigation expenses) do not exceed 1.50% and 1.25% of the average daily net assets of Class A and Class I shares of the Fund, respectively. This agreement is in effect until February 29, 2024, and it may be terminated before that date only by the Trust’s Board of Trustees. The Fund’s advisor is permitted to seek reimbursement from the Fund, subject to certain limitations, of fees waived or payments made to the Fund for a period ending three full fiscal years after the date of the waiver or payment. This reimbursement may be requested from the Fund if the reimbursement will not cause the Fund’s annual expense ratio to exceed the lesser of (a) the expense limitation in effect at the time such fees were waived or payments made, or (b) the expense limitation in effect at the time of the reimbursement.

 

1 

 

 

2The total annual fund operating expenses does not correlate to the ratio of expense to average net assets appearing in the financial highlights table, which reflects only the operating expenses of the Fund and does not include acquired fund fees and expenses.

 

Example

This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The example reflects the Fund’s contractual fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement only for the term of the contractual fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

 

  One Year Three Years Five Years Ten Years
Class A $598 $907 $1,238 $2,171
Class I $129 $401 $693 $1,523

 

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 24% of the average value of its portfolio.

 

Principal Investment Strategies

Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets (plus any borrowings for investment purposes) in equity securities of dividend paying companies located in Europe or the Pacific Rim. The Fund’s advisor considers a country to be part of Europe if it is included in one of the MSCI European indexes and part of the Pacific Rim if any of its borders touches the Pacific Ocean. The advisor considers a company to be located in Europe or the Pacific Rim if (1) the company is organized under the laws of a country that is part of Europe or the Pacific Rim or has its principal office in a country that is part of Europe or the Pacific Rim; (2) at the time of investment, the company derived a significant portion (i.e., 50% or more) of its total revenues during its most recent completed fiscal year from business activities in Europe or the Pacific Rim; or (3) the company’s equity securities are traded principally on stock exchanges or over-the-counter markets in Europe or the Pacific Rim. The Fund will invest primarily in non-U.S. companies. The advisor considers a company to be a non-U.S. company if (1) the company is organized under the laws of a country, or has its principal office in a country, other than the United States; (2) at the time of investment, the company derived at least 50% of its total revenues during its most recent completed fiscal year from business activities outside of the United States; or (3) the company’s equity securities are traded principally on stock exchanges or over-the-counter markets outside of the United States. The Fund may invest in companies in developed and emerging markets. In addition, the Fund may invest in companies of all capitalizations that the advisor considers to be attractive dividend paying companies. The Fund may also invest in preferred stock, convertible securities, warrants and options on equities, stock indices, and in securities of companies engaged in the gold industry. Investments related to gold are considered speculative and are affected by a variety of worldwide economic, financial and political factors. In addition, the Fund may invest in American and Global Depository Receipts (“ADRs” and “GDRs”), exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”) and real estate investment trusts (“REITs”).

 

The Fund employs a value-oriented approach to select securities the Fund’s advisor believes are trading below their intrinsic value, and will pay sustainably high dividends that grow over time. In selecting securities, the Fund’s advisor considers a number of qualitative and quantitative factors such as free cash flow and earnings yield and growth, operating leverage and balance sheet strength, as well as management quality and corporate governance. The Fund’s advisor also employs a top down approach to its security selection process, with the objective of selecting companies with business exposure or assets in countries or sectors that it believes will benefit from a long-term, positive trend.

 

2

 

 

Principal Risks of Investing

Risk is inherent in all investing and you could lose money by investing in the Fund. A summary description of certain principal risks of investing in the Fund is set forth below. Before you decide whether to invest in the Fund, carefully consider these risk factors associated with investing in the Fund, which may cause investors to lose money. There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objectives.

 

Management and Strategy Risk. The value of your investment depends on the judgment of the Fund’s advisor about the quality, relative yield, value or market trends affecting a particular security, industry, sector or region, which may prove to be incorrect.

 

Market Risk. The market price of a security or instrument may decline, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, due to general market conditions that are not specifically related to a particular company, such as real or perceived adverse economic or political conditions throughout the world, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates, or adverse investor sentiment generally. In addition, local, regional or global events such as war, acts of terrorism, the spread of infectious illness or other public health issues, or other events could have a significant impact on a security or instrument. The market value of a security or instrument also may decline because of factors that affect a particular industry or industries, such as labor shortages or increased production costs and competitive conditions within an industry.

 

The Euro Pacific Investment Philosophy. The Fund is structured to reflect the advisor’s general investment philosophy that due to a long-term build-up of debt in the United States accompanied by consistent current account deficits, and the future potential for a continued and long-term decline in the value of the U.S. Dollar against other currencies, investors should allocate a portion of their portfolios to high quality, long-term value-oriented investments in foreign securities. Thus, the advisor’s strategies are in general intended to perform well in an environment of U.S. Dollar weakness and can be expected to generally underperform in environments of Dollar strength.

 

Equity Risk. The value of the equity securities held by the Fund may fall due to general market and economic conditions, perceptions regarding the industries in which the issuers of securities held by the Fund participate, or factors relating to specific companies in which the Fund invests.

 

Foreign Investment Risk. The prices of foreign securities may be more volatile than the prices of securities of U.S. issuers because of economic and social conditions abroad, political developments, and changes in the regulatory environments of foreign countries. Changes in exchange rates and interest rates and the imposition of sanctions, confiscations, trade restrictions (including tariffs) and other government restrictions by the United States and/or other governments may adversely affect the values of the Fund’s foreign investments. Foreign companies are generally subject to different legal and accounting standards than U.S. companies, and foreign financial intermediaries may be subject to less supervision and regulation than U.S. financial firms. Foreign securities include American Depository Receipts (“ADRs”) and Global Depository Receipts (“GDRs”). Unsponsored ADRs and GDRs are organized independently and without the cooperation of the foreign issuer of the underlying securities, and involve additional risks because U.S. reporting requirements do not apply. In addition, the issuing bank may deduct shareholder distribution, custody, foreign currency exchange, and other fees from the payment of dividends.

 

Geographic Concentration Risk. A fund that is less diversified across countries or geographic regions is generally riskier than a more geographically diversified fund. Investments in a single region, even though representing a number of different countries within the region, may be affected by common economic forces and other factors. This vulnerability to factors affecting the value of investments is significantly greater for a fund that concentrates its investment in a particular region or regions than a more geographically diversified fund, and may result in greater losses and volatility. The economies and financial markets of certain regions, such as Latin America, Asia or Eastern Europe, can be interdependent and may decline all at the same time.

 

Geographic Risk Related to Europe. The Fund will be more susceptible to the economic, market, regulatory, political and local risks of the European region than a fund that is more geographically diversified. Europe includes both developed and emerging markets. Most Western European countries are members of the European Union, which imposes restrictions on inflation rates, deficits and debt levels both developed and emerging market countries in Europe will be significantly affected by the fiscal and monetary controls of the European Monetary Union. Changes in regulations on trade, decreasing imports or exports, changes in the exchange rate of the euro and recessions among European countries may have a significant adverse effect on the economies of other European countries including those of Eastern Europe. The markets in Eastern Europe remain relatively undeveloped and can be particularly sensitive to political and economic developments. The European financial markets have recently experienced volatility and adverse trends due to concerns about rising government debt levels of certain European countries, each of which may require external assistance to meet its obligations and run the risk of default on its debt, possible bail-out by the rest of the European Union or debt restructuring. Assistance given to a European Union member state may be dependent on a country’s implementation of reforms in order to curb the risk of default on its debt, and a failure to implement these reforms or increase revenues could result in a deep economic downturn. These events have adversely affected the exchange rate of the euro and therefore may adversely affect the Fund and its investments. On January 31, 2020, the United Kingdom formally withdrew from the EU, which withdrawal is commonly referred to as “Brexit.” The Fund faces risks associated with the uncertainty and consequences following Brexit. Brexit could adversely affect European or worldwide political, regulatory, economic or market conditions, and could contribute to instability in global political institutions, regulatory agencies and financial markets. Any effects of Brexit could adversely affect any of the companies to which the Fund has exposure and any other assets in which the Fund invests. In addition, Russia’s military invasion of Ukraine has resulted in the displacement of millions of Ukrainians from their homes, a substantial loss of life, and the widespread destruction of property and infrastructure throughout Ukraine, which in turn has led to the imposition of heavy economic sanctions on certain Russian individuals, corporate and banking entities, and other Russian industries and businesses, and, consequently, retaliatory measures imposed by Russia against Western nations supporting Ukraine. The extent and duration of the war in Ukraine and the longevity and severity of sanctions remain unknown, but they could have a significant adverse impact on the European economy as well as the price and availability of certain commodities, including oil and natural gas, throughout the world.

 

3

 

 

Geographic Risk Related to Pacific Rim. The Fund will be more susceptible to the economic, market, regulatory, political, natural disasters and local risks of the Pacific Rim region than a fund that is more geographically diversified. The Pacific Rim region includes countries in all stages of economic development; however, it has a higher prevalence of emerging market countries as compared to other regions of the world. The region has historically been highly dependent on global trade, with nations taking strong roles in both the importing and exporting of goods; such a relationship creates a risk with this dependency on global growth. The respective stock markets tend to have a larger prevalence of smaller capitalization companies. Varying levels of accounting and disclosure standards, restrictions on foreign ownership, minority ownership rights, and corporate governance standards are also common for the region.

 

Value-Oriented Investment Strategies Risk. Value stocks are those that are believed to be undervalued in comparison to their peers due to adverse business developments or other factors. Value investing is subject to the risk that the market will not recognize a security’s inherent value for a long time or at all, or that a stock judged to be undervalued may actually be appropriately priced or overvalued. In addition, during some periods (which may be extensive) value stocks generally may be out of favor in the markets.

 

Gold Industry Risk. Investments related to gold are considered speculative and are affected by a variety of worldwide economic, financial and political factors. The price of gold may fluctuate sharply over short periods of time, even during periods of rising prices, due to changes in inflation or expectations regarding inflation in various countries, the availability of supplies, changes in industrial and commercial demand, limited markets, fabricator demand, gold sales by governments, trade imbalances and restrictions, currency devaluation or revaluation, central banks or international agencies, investment speculation, inability to raise capital, increases in production costs, political unrest in nations where sources of gold are located, monetary and other economic policies of various governments and government restrictions on private ownership of gold and mining land.

 

Sector Risk. From time to time, the Fund may invest a significant amount of its total assets in each of certain sectors of the economy. Each of those sectors may be subject to specific risks. These risks include governmental regulation of the sector and governmental monetary and fiscal policies, which may impact interest rates and currencies and affect corporate funding and international trade. Certain sectors may be more vulnerable than others to these factors. In addition, market sentiment and expectations toward a particular sector could affect a company’s market valuation and access to equity funding.

 

4

 

 

Currency Risk. The values of investments in securities denominated in foreign currencies increase or decrease as the rates of exchange between those currencies and the U.S. Dollar change. Currency conversion costs and currency fluctuations could erase investment gains or add to investment losses. Currency exchange rates can be volatile and are affected by factors such as general economic conditions, the actions of the United States and foreign governments or central banks, the imposition of currency controls, and speculation.

 

Market Capitalization Risk. Larger, more established companies may be unable to attain the high growth rates of successful, smaller companies during periods of economic expansion. The securities of mid-capitalization companies may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements and may have lower trading volumes or more erratic trading than securities of larger, more established companies or market averages in general. In addition, such companies typically are more likely to be adversely affected than large capitalization companies by changes in earning results, business prospects, investor expectations or poor economic or market conditions.

 

Convertible Securities Risk. Convertible securities are subject to market and interest rate risk and credit risk. When the market price of the equity security underlying a convertible security decreases the convertible security tends to trade on the basis of its yield and other fixed income characteristics, and is more susceptible to credit and interest rate risks. When the market price of such equity security rises, the convertible security tends to trade on the basis of its equity conversion features and be more exposed to market risk. Convertible securities are typically issued by smaller capitalized companies with stock prices that may be more volatile than those of other companies.

 

Dividend-Paying Securities Risk. The Fund may have significant exposure to dividend-paying stocks. There is no guarantee that issuers of the securities held by such Underlying Investments will declare dividends in the future or that, if declared, they will either remain at current levels or increase over time.

 

Recent Market Events. Periods of market volatility may occur in response to market events and other economic, political, and global macro factors. For example, in recent years the COVID-19 pandemic, the large expansion of government deficits and debt as a result of government actions to mitigate the effects of the pandemic, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, and the rise of inflation have resulted in extreme volatility in the global economy and in global financial markets. These and other similar events could be prolonged and could adversely affect the value and liquidity of the Fund’s investments, impair the Fund’s ability to satisfy redemption requests, and negatively impact the Fund’s performance.

 

Cybersecurity Risk. Cybersecurity incidents may allow an unauthorized party to gain access to Fund assets, customer data (including private shareholder information), or proprietary information, or cause the Fund, the Advisor, and/or other service providers (including custodians, sub-custodians, transfer agents and financial intermediaries) to suffer data breaches, data corruption or loss of operational functionality. In an extreme case, a shareholder’s ability to exchange or redeem Fund shares may be affected. Issuers of securities in which the Fund invests are also subject to cybersecurity risks, and the value of those securities could decline if the issuers experience cybersecurity incidents.

 

Emerging Markets Risk. Many of the risks with respect to foreign investments are more pronounced for investments in issuers in developing or emerging market countries. Emerging market countries tend to have more government exchange controls, more volatile interest and currency exchange rates, less market regulation, and less developed and less stable economic, political and legal systems than those of more developed countries. There may be less publicly available and reliable information about issuers in emerging markets than is available about issuers in more developed markets. In addition, emerging market countries may experience high levels of inflation and may have less liquid securities markets and less efficient trading and settlement systems.

 

ETF Risk. Investing in an ETF will provide the Fund with exposure to the securities comprising the index on which the ETF is based and will expose the Fund to risks similar to those of investing directly in those securities. Shares of ETFs typically trade on securities exchanges and may at times trade at a premium or discount to their net asset values. In addition, an ETF may not replicate exactly the performance of the benchmark index it seeks to track for a number of reasons, including transaction costs incurred by the ETF, the temporary unavailability of certain index securities in the secondary market or discrepancies between the ETF and the index with respect to the weighting of securities or the number of securities held. Investing in ETFs, which are investment companies, involves duplication of advisory fees and certain other expenses. The Fund will pay brokerage commissions in connection with the purchase and sale of shares of ETFs.

 

5 

 

 

Liquidity Risk. The Fund may not be able to sell some or all of the investments that it holds due to a lack of demand in the marketplace or other factors such as market turmoil, or if the Fund is forced to sell an illiquid asset to meet redemption requests or other cash needs it may only be able to sell those investments at a loss. Illiquid assets may also be difficult to value.

 

Options Risk. Purchasing and writing put and call options are highly specialized activities and entail greater than ordinary investment risks. The Fund may not fully benefit from or may lose money on an option if changes in its value do not correspond as anticipated to changes in the value of the underlying securities. If the Fund is not able to sell an option held in its portfolio, it would have to exercise the option to realize any profit and would incur transaction costs upon the purchase or sale of the underlying securities. Ownership of options involves the payment of premiums, which may adversely affect the Fund’s performance. To the extent that the Fund invests in over-the-counter options, the Fund may be exposed to counterparty risk.

 

Preferred Stock Risk. Preferred stock represents an equity interest in a company that generally entitles the holder to receive, in preference to the holders of other stocks such as common stock, dividends and a fixed share of the proceeds resulting from a liquidation of the company. The market value of preferred stock is subject to company-specific and market risks applicable generally to equity securities and is also sensitive to changes in the company’s creditworthiness, the ability of the company to make payments on the preferred stock, and changes in interest rates, typically declining in value if interest rates rise.

 

Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) Risk. The Fund’s investment in REITs will subject the Fund to risks similar to those associated with direct ownership of real estate, including losses from casualty or condemnation, and changes in local and general economic conditions, supply and demand, interest rates, zoning laws, regulatory limitations on rents, property taxes and operating expenses.

 

Warrants Risk. Warrants may lack a liquid secondary market for resale. The prices of warrants may fluctuate as a result of speculation or other factors. Warrants can provide a greater potential for profit or loss than an equivalent investment in the underlying security. Prices of warrants do not necessarily move in tandem with the prices of their underlying securities and are highly volatile and speculative investments. If a warrant expires without being exercised, the Fund will lose any amount paid for the warrant.

 

Performance

The bar chart and table below provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund’s performance from year to year for Class A shares and by showing how the average annual total returns of each class of the Fund compare with the average annual total returns of a broad-based market index. Performance for classes other than those shown may vary from the performance shown to the extent the expenses for those classes differ. Updated performance information is available at the Fund’s website, www.europacificfunds.com, or by calling the Fund at 1-888-558-5851. The Fund’s past performance, before and after taxes, is not necessarily an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future. Sales loads are not reflected in the bar chart, and if those changes were included, returns would be less than those shown.

 

The Fund commenced operations on January 10, 2014, after the conversion of a limited liability company account, Spongebob Ventures II LLC, which commenced operations February 28, 2010 (the “Predecessor Account”), into Class I shares of the Fund. The bar chart and the performance table below for the period prior to the commencement of the Fund’s operations are for the Predecessor Account. The Fund’s objectives, policies, guidelines and restrictions are, in all material respects, equivalent to those of the Predecessor Account. The Predecessor Account was the only fund or account managed by the Fund’s advisor with an investment objective and investment policies and restrictions substantially similar to those of the Fund, and the Predecessor Account was managed by the Fund’s advisor in substantially the same way that the Fund’s advisor manages the Fund. The Predecessor Account was not registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (as amended, the “1940 Act”), and therefore was not subject to certain restrictions imposed by the 1940 Act on registered investment companies and by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 on regulated investment companies. If the Predecessor Account had been registered under the 1940 Act, the Predecessor Account’s performance may have been adversely affected. For the periods prior to the conversion, returns for Class I shares reflect all charges, expenses, and fees of the Predecessor Account. Returns for Class A shares have been adjusted to reflect the estimated gross annual operating expenses of Class A shares of the Fund as of the date of the conversion.

 

6

 

 

Calendar Year Total Return (before taxes) for Class A Shares

For each calendar year at NAV

 

 

Class A Shares    
Highest Calendar Quarter Return at NAV 26.86% Quarter Ended 06/30/2020
Lowest Calendar Quarter Return at NAV (20.55)% Quarter Ended 03/31/2020

 

Average Annual Total Returns
(for periods ended December 31, 2022)
One Year Five Years Ten Years
Class A - Return Before Taxes (3.29)% 2.67% 1.58%
Class A - Return After Taxes on Distributions1 (3.67)% 2.33% 1.16%
Class A - Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares1 (1.33)% 2.22% 1.31%
Class I - Return Before Taxes 1.54% 3.91% 2.31%
S&P International Dividend Opportunities Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) (12.76)% (0.24)% 1.52%

 

1After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold their Fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts. After-tax returns are shown for Class A shares only and after-tax returns for classes other than Class A will vary from returns shown for Class A.

 

Investment Advisor

Euro Pacific Asset Management, LLC (the “Advisor”)

 

Portfolio Managers

James Nelson, CFA, Portfolio Manager, and Patrick Rien, CFA, Co-Portfolio Manager and Senior Research Analyst, have been jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund’s portfolio since its inception on January 10, 2014.

 

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

To purchase shares of the Fund, you must invest at least the minimum amount.

 

7

 

 

Minimum Investments To Open Your Account To Add to Your Account
Class A shares    
Direct Regular Accounts $2,500 $250
Direct Retirement Accounts $2,500 $250
Automatic Investment Plan $2,500 $250
Gift Account For Minors $2,500 $250
Class I shares    
Direct Regular Accounts $5,000 $250
Direct Retirement Accounts $5,000 $250
Automatic Investment Plan $5,000 $250
Gift Account For Minors $5,000 $250

 

Fund shares are redeemable on any business day the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) is open for business, by written request or by telephone.

 

Tax Information

The Fund’s distributions are generally taxable, and will ordinarily be taxed as ordinary income, qualified dividend income or capital gains, unless you are investing through a tax-advantaged arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account. Shareholders investing through such tax-advantaged arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of monies from those arrangements.

 

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries

If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 

8