Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Feb. 01, 2020

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Fiscal Year

Fiscal Year—We use a fiscal calendar widely used by the retail industry that results in a fiscal year consisting of a 52- or 53-week period ending on the Saturday closest to January 31.  Each fiscal year consists of four 13-week quarters, with an extra week added to the fourth quarter every five or six years.  The fiscal years ended February 1, 2020 and February 2, 2019 were 52-week periods. The fiscal year ended February 3, 2018 was a 53-week period.

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation—The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).  The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Zumiez Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries.  All significant intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation.

Reclassification

Reclassification—Certain prior period restricted cash amounts have been reclassified to be consistent with current year presentation within our consolidated statement of cash flows.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates—The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.  These estimates can also affect supplemental information disclosed by us, including information about contingencies, risk and financial condition.  Actual results could differ from these estimates and assumptions.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments—We disclose the estimated fair value of our financial instruments.  Financial instruments are generally defined as cash, evidence of ownership interest in an entity or a contractual obligation that both conveys to one entity a right to receive cash or other financial instruments from another entity and imposes on the other entity the obligation to deliver cash or other financial instruments to the first entity.  Our financial instruments, other than those presented in Note 12, “Fair Value Measurements,” include cash and cash equivalents, receivables, payables and other liabilities.  The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, payables and other liabilities approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of these instruments. Our policy is to present transfers into and transfers out of hierarchy levels as of the actual date of the event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents—We consider all highly liquid investments with original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.

Concentration of Risk

Concentration of Risk—We maintain our cash and cash equivalents in accounts with major financial institutions in the form of demand deposits, money market accounts, and corporate debt securities. Deposits in these financial institutions may exceed the amount of federal deposit insurance provided on such deposits.

Restricted Cash

Restricted Cash— Cash and cash equivalents that are restricted as to withdrawal or use under the terms of certain contractual agreements are recorded as restricted cash in other long-term assets on our consolidated balance sheets.

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the consolidated statement of cash flows (in thousands):

	February 1, 2020		February 2, 2019		February 3, 2018
Cash and cash equivalents	$	52,428	$	52,422	$	24,041
Restricted cash included in other long-term assets		6,135		1,849		1,762
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows	$	58,563	$	54,271	$	25,803

Restricted cash included in other long-term assets represents amounts held as insurance collateral and collateral for bank guarantees on certain store operating leases.

Marketable Securities

Marketable Securities—Our marketable securities primarily consist of U.S treasury and government agency securities, corporate debt securities, state and local municipal securities and variable-rate demand notes. Variable-rate demand notes are considered highly liquid.  Although the variable-rate demand notes have long-term nominal maturity dates, the interest rates generally reset weekly.  Despite the long-term nature of the underlying securities of the variable-rate demand notes, we have the ability to quickly liquidate these securities, which have an embedded put option that allows the bondholder to sell the security at par plus accrued interest.

Investments are considered to be impaired when a decline in fair value is determined to be other-than-temporary.  If the cost of an investment exceeds its fair value, we evaluate information about the underlying investment that is publicly available such as analyst reports, applicable industry data and other pertinent information and assess our intent and ability to hold the security.  For fixed-income securities, we also evaluate whether we have plans to sell the security or it is more likely than not we will be required to sell the security before recovery.  The investment would be written down to its fair value at the time the impairment is deemed to have occurred and a new cost basis is established.  Future adverse changes in market conditions, poor operating results of underlying investments or other factors could result in losses that may not be reflected in an investment’s current carrying value, possibly requiring an impairment charge in the future.

Inventories

Inventories—Merchandise inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value.  The cost of merchandise inventories are based upon an average cost methodology.  Merchandise inventories may include items that have been written down to our best estimate of their net realizable value.  Our decisions to write-down our merchandise inventories are based on their current rate of sale, the age of the inventory, the profitability of the inventory and other factors.  The inventory related to this reserve is not marked up in subsequent periods.  The inventory reserve includes inventory whose net realizable value is below cost and an estimate for inventory shrinkage.  Shrinkage refers to a reduction in inventory due to shoplifting, employee theft and other matters.  We estimate an inventory shrinkage reserve for anticipated losses at February 1, 2020 and February 2, 2019 in the amounts of $4.4million and $4.6 million.  

Fixed Assets

Fixed Assets—Fixed assets primarily consist of leasehold improvements, fixtures, land, buildings, computer equipment, software and store equipment.  Fixed assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation utilizing the straight-line method over the assets’ estimated useful lives.  The useful lives of our major classes of fixed assets are as follows:

Leasehold improvements	Lesser of 10 years or the term of the lease
Fixtures	3 to 7 years
Buildings, land and building and land improvements	15 to 39 years
Computer equipment, software, store equipment & other	3 to 5 years

The cost and related accumulated depreciation of assets sold or otherwise disposed of is removed from fixed assets and the related gain or loss is recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of income.

Asset Retirement Obligations

Asset Retirement Obligations—An asset retirement obligation (“ARO”) represents a legal obligation associated with the retirement of a tangible long-lived asset that is incurred upon the acquisition, construction, development or normal operation of that long-lived asset. Our AROs are associated with leasehold improvements that, at the end of a lease, we are contractually obligated to remove in order to comply with certain lease agreements. The ARO balance at February 1, 2020 and February 2, 2019 is $3.1 million and $3.0 million and is recorded in other liabilities and other long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets and will be subsequently adjusted for changes in fair value. The associated estimated asset retirement costs are capitalized as part of the carrying amount of the long-lived asset and depreciated over its useful life.

Valuation of Long-Lived Assets

Valuation of Long-Lived Assets—We review the carrying value of long-lived assets or asset groups (defined as a store, corporate facility or distribution center) for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying values may not be recoverable.  Recoverability of assets to be held and used is determined by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset or asset group to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered impaired, the impairment recognized is measured by comparing the fair value of the assets or asset group to the carrying values.  The estimation of future cash flows from operating activities requires significant judgments of factors that include forecasting future sales, gross profit and operating expenses. In addition to historical results, current trends and initiatives, long-term macro-economic and industry factors are qualitatively considered.  Additionally, management seeks input from store operations related to local economic conditions. Impairment charges are included in selling, general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of income.

Goodwill

Goodwill—Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price over the fair value of acquired tangible and identifiable intangible net assets. We test goodwill for impairment on an annual basis or more frequently if indicators of impairment are present.  We perform our annual impairment measurement test on the first day of the fourth quarter.  Events that may trigger an early impairment review include significant changes in the current business climate, future expectations of economic conditions, declines in our operating results of our reporting units, or an expectation that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.

We have an option to test goodwill for impairment by first performing a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying amount. If we choose not to perform the qualitative test or we determine that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying amount, we perform a quantitative two-step impairment test. The first step compares the carrying value of the reporting unit to its estimated fair value, which is based on the perspective of a market-participant. If the fair value of the reporting unit is lower than the carrying value, then a second step is performed to quantify the amount of the impairment.  The second step includes estimating the fair value of the reporting unit by taking the net assets of the reporting unit as if the reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination. Then, the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill is compared to the carrying amount of that goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of the goodwill, we recognize an impairment loss in an amount equal to the excess, not to exceed the carrying amount.

We generally determine the fair value of each of our reporting units based on a combination of the income approach and the market valuation approaches.  Key assumptions in the income approach include estimating future cash flows, long-term growth rates and weighted average cost of capital. Our ability to realize the future cash flows used in our fair value calculations is affected by factors such as changes in economic conditions, operating performance and our business strategies. Key assumptions in the market approaches include identifying companies and transactions with comparable business factors, such as earnings growth, profitability, business and financial risk.

Intangible Assets

Intangible Assets—Our intangible assets consist of trade names and trademarks with indefinite lives and certain definite-lived intangible assets.  We test our indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently if indicators of impairment are present.  We test our indefinite-lived assets by estimating the fair value of the asset and comparing that to the carrying value, an impairment loss is recorded for the amount that carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value.  The fair value of the trade names and trademarks is determined using the relief from royalty method.  This method assumes that the trade name and trademarks have value to the extent that their owner is relieved of the obligation to pay royalties for the benefits received from them. The assumptions used in this method requires management judgment and estimates in forecasting future revenue growth, discount rates, and royalty rates.

Definite-lived intangible assets, which consist of developed technology, customer relationships and non-compete agreements, are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives.  Additionally, we test the definite-lived intangible assets when facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying values may not be recoverable.  We first assess the recoverability of our definite-lived intangible assets by comparing the undiscounted cash flows of the definite-lived asset less its carrying value.  If the undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying value, we then determine the estimated fair value of our definite-lived asset by taking the estimated future operating cash flows derived from the operation to which the asset relates over its remaining useful life, using a discounted cash flow analysis and comparing it to the carrying value.  Any impairment would be measured as the difference between the carrying amount and the estimated fair value.  Changes in any of these estimates, projections and assumptions could have a material effect of the fair value of these assets in future measurement periods and result in an impairment which could materially affect our results of operations.

Leases

Leases – We determine at inception if a contract is or contains a lease. The lease classification is determined at the commencement date in which a majority of our contracts are operating leases for retail store locations.  We do not have any material leases, individually or in the aggregate, classified as a finance leasing arrangement.  Upon modification of a contract, we reassess if a contract is or contains a lease.  For contracts that contain both lease and non-lease components, such as common area maintenance, we allocate the consideration to the components based on the relative standalone price.  At the commencement date of a lease, we recognize (1) a right-of-use asset representing our right to use the underlying asset during the lease term and (2) a lease liability for the present value of the lease payments not yet made.    

The lease term includes the options to extend the lease, only to the extent it is reasonably certain that we will exercise such extension options and not exercise such early termination options, respectively.  The majority of our store operating leases include ongoing co-tenancy requirements or early termination option that reduce lease payments, permit lease termination, or both, in the event that co-tenants cease to operate for specific periods or if stated sales levels are not met in specific periods. As the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable for our leases, we discount our lease payments using our incremental borrowing rate. Our incremental borrowing rate is based on information available at commencement date and represents the rate of interest we would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. The right-of-use asset is measured at the present value of fixed lease payments not yet made with adjustments for initial direct costs, lease prepayments and lease incentives received. The right-of-use asset is reduced over time by the recognition of straight-line expense less the accretion of the lease liability under the effective interest method. The lease liability is measured at the present value of fixed lease payments not yet made.  We evaluate the carrying value of right-of-use assets for indicators of impairment and perform an analysis of the recoverability of the related asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group is determined to be in excess of the estimated fair value, we record an impairment loss in our consolidated statements of income.  Additionally, we review the carrying value of the right-of-use assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying values may not be recoverable, require reassessment of the leases, and remeasurement if needed.

Our store operating leases may include fixed minimum lease payments, as contractually stated in the lease agreement or variable lease payments, which are generally based on a percentage of the store’s net sales in excess of a specified threshold or are dependent on changes in an index. Operating lease expense relating to fixed lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and lease expense relating to variable payments is expensed as incurred.  Operating lease expense is recorded in the cost of goods sold expenses on the consolidated statements of income.

Claims and Contingencies

Claims and Contingencies—We are subject to various claims and contingencies related to lawsuits, insurance, regulatory and other matters arising out of the normal course of business.  We accrue a liability if the likelihood of an adverse outcome is probable and the amount is estimable.  If the likelihood of an adverse outcome is only reasonably possible (as opposed to probable), or if an estimate is not determinable, we provide disclosure of a material claim or contingency.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition—Revenue is recognized upon purchase at our retail store locations.  For our ecommerce sales, revenue is recognized when control passes to the customer upon shipment.  Taxes collected from our customers are recorded on a net basis.  We accrue for estimated sales returns by customers based on historical return experience.  The allowance for sales returns at February 1, 2020 and February 2, 2019 was $3.1 million and $3.3 million, respectively.  We record the sale of gift cards as a current liability and recognize revenue when a customer redeems a gift card. The current liability for gift cards was $4.3 million at both February 1, 2020 and February 2, 2019. Additionally, the portion of gift cards that will not be redeemed (“gift card breakage”) is recognized in proportion of the patterns used by the customer based on our historical redemption patterns.  For the fiscal years ended February 1, 2020, February 2, 2019 and February 3, 2018, we recorded net sales related to gift card breakage income of $1.7 million, $1.5 million and $1.1 million, respectively.

Loyalty Program

Loyalty Program— We have a customer loyalty program, the Zumiez STASH, which allows members to earn points for purchases or performance of certain activities.  The points can be redeemed for a broad range of rewards, including product and experiential rewards.  Points earned for purchases are recorded as a current liability and a reduction of net sales based on the relative fair value of the points at the time the points are earned and estimated redemption rates.  Revenue is recognized upon redemption of points for rewards.  Points earned for the performance of activities are recorded as a current liability based on the estimated cost of the points and as marketing expense when redeemed.  The deferred revenue related to our customer loyalty program at February 1, 2020 and February 2, 2019 was $0.7 million and $2.1 million, respectively.

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of Goods Sold—Cost of goods sold consists of branded merchandise costs and our private label merchandise costs including design, sourcing, importing and inbound freight costs.  Our cost of goods sold also includes shrinkage, buying, occupancy, ecommerce fulfillment, distribution and warehousing costs (including associated depreciation) and freight costs for store merchandise transfers.  Cash consideration received from vendors is reported as a reduction of cost of goods sold if the inventory has sold, a reduction of the carrying value of the inventory if the inventory is still on hand, or a reduction of selling, general and administrative expense if the amounts are reimbursements of specific, incremental and identifiable costs of selling the vendors’ products.

Shipping Revenue and Costs

Shipping Revenue and Costs—We include shipping revenue related to ecommerce sales in net sales and the related freight cost is charged to cost of goods sold.  

Selling, General and Administrative Expense

Selling, General and Administrative Expense—Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of store personnel wages and benefits, administrative staff and infrastructure expenses, freight costs for merchandise shipments from the distribution centers to the stores, store supplies, depreciation on fixed assets at the home office and stores, facility expenses, training expenses, advertising and marketing costs.  Credit card fees, insurance, public company expenses, legal expenses, amortization of intangibles assets and other miscellaneous operating costs are also included in selling, general and administrative expenses.

Advertising

Advertising—We expense advertising costs as incurred, except for catalog costs, which are expensed once the catalog is mailed.  Advertising expenses are net of sponsorships and vendor reimbursements.  Advertising expense was $11.3 million, $12.2 million and $10.8 million for the fiscal years ended February 1, 2020, February 2, 2019 and February 3, 2018, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation—We account for stock-based compensation by recording the estimated fair value of stock-based awards granted as compensation expense over the vesting period, net of estimated forfeitures.  Stock-based compensation expense is attributed using the straight-line method.  We estimate forfeitures of stock-based awards based on historical experience and expected future activity.  The fair value of restricted stock awards and units is measured based on the closing price of our common stock on the date of grant.  The fair value of stock option grants is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.

Common Stock Share Repurchases

Common Stock Share Repurchases—We may repurchase shares of our common stock under authorizations made from time to time by our Board of Directors.  Under applicable Washington State law, shares repurchased are retired and not presented separately as treasury stock on the consolidated financial statements.  Instead, the value of repurchased shares is deducted from retained earnings.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes—We use the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Using this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded based on the differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities. The deferred tax assets and liabilities are calculated using the enacted tax rates and laws that we expect to be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. We routinely evaluate the likelihood of realizing the benefit of our deferred tax assets and may record a valuation allowance if, based on all available evidence, it is determined that it is more likely than not that all or some portion of the deferred tax benefit will not be realized.  The valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets was $6.8 million at February 1, 2020 and $5.2 million at February 2, 2019.

We regularly evaluate the likelihood of realizing the benefit of income tax positions that we have taken in various federal, state and foreign filings by considering all relevant facts, circumstances and information available. If we believe it is more likely than not that our position will be sustained, we recognize a benefit at the largest amount that we believe is cumulatively greater than 50% likely to be realized.  Interest and penalties related to income tax matters are classified as a component of income tax expense.  Unrecognized tax benefits are recorded in other long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

Our tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimate of our annual effective rate, adjusted for discrete items, if any, that are taken into account in the relevant period. As the fiscal year progresses, we periodically refine our estimate based on actual events and earnings by jurisdiction. This ongoing estimation process can result in changes to our expected effective tax rate for the full fiscal year. When this occurs, we adjust the income tax provision during the quarter in which the change in estimate occurs so that our year-to-date provision equals our expected annual rate.

Earnings per Share

Earnings per Share—Basic earnings per share is based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period.  Diluted earnings per share is based on the weighted average number of common shares and common share equivalents outstanding during the period.  The dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock is applicable only in periods of net income.  Common share equivalents included in the computation represent shares issuable upon assumed exercise of outstanding stock options, employee stock purchase plan funds held to acquire stock and non-vested restricted stock.  Potentially anti-dilutive securities not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share are options to purchase common stock where the option exercise price is greater than the average market price of our common stock during the period reported.

Foreign Currency Translation

Foreign Currency Translation—Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars, the reporting currency, at the exchange rate prevailing at the balance sheet date.  Revenue and expenses denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars at the monthly average exchange rate for the period and the translation adjustments are reported as an element of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income on the consolidated balance sheets.

Segment Reporting

Segment Reporting—We identify our operating segments according to how our business activities are managed and evaluated.  Our operating segments have been aggregated and are reported as one reportable segment based on the similar nature of products sold, production, merchandising and distribution processes involved, target customers and economic characteristics.

Recent Accounting Standards

Recent Accounting Standards— In December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued an update simplifying the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740. The standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. We expect to early adopt this update for the fiscal year, and interim periods, beginning February 2, 2020. We do not expect this update to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued a new standard over customer’s accounting for implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract.  The standard requires implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract be accounted for in accordance with ASC 350-40.  The new standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted.  We adopted this standard prospectively for the fiscal year beginning February 3, 2019 and the impact on our consolidated financial statements was not material.

In January 2017, the FASB issued a new standard simplifying the test for goodwill impairment.  The standard eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. The standard requires entities perform the goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying amount and recognize the impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, not to exceed the total goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The new standard is effective for annual or interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted.  We do not expect this standard to have any impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued a comprehensive standard related to lease accounting to increase transparency and comparability among organizations in Topic 842 (“ASC 842”).  The standard requires the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements.  In July 2018, the FASB issued an update that allows companies an optional transition method to recognize a cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings recorded at the beginning of the period of adoption.  The new standard was effective for the fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2018.

We adopted this standard for the fiscal year beginning February 3, 2019, using the optional transition method.  We elected the package of practical expedients available upon adoption that allows us (1) to not reassess whether expired or existing contracts contain leases, (2) to not reassess lease classification for existing leases, and (3) to not reassess initial direct costs for existing leases.  Comparative financial information for prior periods have not been restated and continues to be reported under Topic 840, the leasing standard in effect for those periods.  

The adoption of this standard resulted in a material change to our consolidated balance sheet, primarily related to the (1) recognition of $297.3million of operating lease right-of-use assets and $342.7million of operating lease liabilities, (2) de-recognition of $44.6 million of deferred rent and tenant allowances, and (3) a cumulative adjustment to retained earnings of $6.3 million related to impairment of operating lease right-of-use assets that were impaired upon adoption of this standard. This standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated statement of income or cash flows. See Note 10, “Leases” for additional information regarding leases.

The following table summarizes the changes made to our consolidated balance sheet at February 3, 2019 (in thousands):

	As Reported February 2, 2019		Adjustment for ASC 842				As Adjusted February 3, 2019
Assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	14,797	$	(5,739	)	$		9,058
Operating lease right-of-use assets		—		297,326				297,326
Deferred tax assets, net		5,259		2,345				7,604
Other long-term assets		7,180		(2,094	)			5,086
Liabilities
Deferred rent and tenant allowances		7,489		(7,489	)			—
Operating lease liabilities		—		52,958				52,958
Long-term deferred rent and tenant allowances		37,076		(37,076	)			—
Long-term operating lease liabilities		—		289,721				289,721
Equity
Retained Earnings		256,614		(6,276	)			250,338