497 1 sandalwood497.htm 497

 

 

 

Class A shares: SANAX

Class C Shares: SANCX

Class I shares: SANIX

 

PROSPECTUS

January 30, 2017

 

 

 

Adviser:

Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC

1580 Lincoln Street, Suite 680
Denver, CO 80203

 

Primary Sub-Adviser:

Sandalwood Securities, Inc.

101 Eisenhower Parkway, 3rd Floor

Roseland, NJ 07068

 

 

 

www.sandalwoodfund.com                                                                                            1-888-868-9501

 

This Prospectus provides important information about the Fund that you should know before investing. Please read it carefully and keep it for future reference.

 

These securities have not been approved or disapproved by the Securities and Exchange Commission nor has the Securities and Exchange Commission passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 
 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FUND SUMMARY 1
Investment Objective 1
Fees and Expenses of the Fund 1
Principal Investment Strategies 2
Principal Investment Risks 3
Performance 4
Investment Adviser 5
Primary Sub-Adviser 5
Investment Adviser Portfolio Managers 5
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares 5
Tax Information 5
Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries 5
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RELATED RISKS 6
Investment Objective 6
Principal Investment Strategies 6
Principal Investment Risks 7
Temporary Investments 10
Portfolio Holdings Disclosure 10
Cybersecurity 10
MANAGEMENT 10
Investment Adviser 10
Investment Adviser Portfolio Managers 11
Primary Sub-Adviser Portfolio Managers 11
HOW SHARES ARE PRICED 13
HOW TO PURCHASE SHARES 14
HOW TO REDEEM SHARES 17
FREQUENT PURCHASES AND REDEMPTIONS OF FUND SHARES 19
TAX STATUS, DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS 20
DISTRIBUTION OF SHARES 21
Distributor 21
Distribution Fees 21
Additional Compensation to Financial Intermediaries 21
Householding 21
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS 22
Privacy Notice 25
 
 

FUND SUMMARY

 

Investment Objective: The Fund seeks income and capital appreciation.

 

Fees and Expenses of the Fund: This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund. You may qualify for sales charge discounts on purchases of Class A shares if you and/or your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $25,000 in the Fund. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional and in How to Purchase Shares on page 14 of the Fund's Prospectus and in Purchase, Redemption and Pricing of Shares on page 51 of the Statement of Additional Information.

 

Shareholder Fees

(fees paid directly from your investment)

Class A Class C Class I

Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases

(as a % of offering price)

5.75% None None

Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load)

(as a % of the of the original purchase price)

None None None

Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed

on Reinvested Dividends and other Distributions

None None None

Redemption Fee

(as a % of amount redeemed)

None None None

Annual Fund Operating Expenses

(expenses that you pay each year as a

percentage of the value of your investment)

     
Management Fees 2.55% 2.55% 2.55%
Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees 0.25% 1.00% None
Other Expenses 1.18% 1.18% 1.18%
Interest Expense 0.56% 0.56% 0.56%
Remaining Other Expenses 0.62% 0.62% 0.62%
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses (1) 0.04% 0.04% 0.04%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses 4.02% 4.77% 3.77%
Fee Waiver (2) (0.47)% (0.47)% (0.47)%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver 3.55% 4.30% 3.30%
(1)Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses are the estimated average indirect costs of investing in other investment companies (the "Underlying Funds"). The operating expenses in this fee table will not correlate to the expense ratio in the Fund's financial highlights because the financial statements include only the direct operating expenses incurred by the Fund.

(2)    Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC has contractually agreed to waive management fees and to make payments to limit Fund expenses, until January 31, 2018 so that the total annual operating expenses (excluding any front-end or contingent deferred loads, brokerage fees and commissions, acquired fund fees and expenses, fees and expenses associated with instruments in other collective investment vehicles or derivative instruments (including for example options and swap fees and expenses), borrowing costs (such as interest and dividend expense on securities sold short), taxes and extraordinary expenses, such as litigation expenses (which may include indemnification of Fund officers and Trustees and contractual indemnification of Fund service providers (other than the adviser)) do not exceed 2.95%, 3.70% and 2.70% of average daily net assets attributable to Class A, Class C and Class I shares, respectively. These fee waivers and expense reimbursements are subject to possible recoupment from the Fund in future years on a rolling three-year basis (within the three years after the fiscal year end in which the fees have been waived or reimbursed) if such recoupment can be achieved within the foregoing expense limits. This agreement may be terminated only by the Fund's Board of Trustees, on 60 day’s written notice to Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC.

 

Example: This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds.

The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund's operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based upon these assumptions your costs would be:

 

Class 1 Year 3 Years 5 Years 10 Years
Class A $912 $1,688 $2,480 $4,528
Class C $432 $1,394 $2,362 $4,800
Class  I $333 $1,109 $1,905 $3,981

 

1 
 

Portfolio Turnover: The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund's performance. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 75% of the average value of its portfolio.

 

Principal Investment Strategies: The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing primarily in fixed income securities rated below investment grade using, credit analysis-based, long/short credit, distressed debt, relative value and global strategies. Credit analysis-based strategies seek to profit from pricing differences or inefficiencies among debt securities of issuers that are in some sort of financial distress−credit quality downgrade, delinquency, default, restructuring, bankruptcy or relatively low financial performance. Distressed debt strategies seek returns from price improvement or recovery proceeds on debt securities of troubled issuers by anticipating improved fundamentals, acquisition by a stronger issuer, or liquidation proceeds in a reorganization, bankruptcy or foreclosure. Relative value strategies seek returns by long/short investments that seek to exploit disparities in pricing relationships between instruments with similar characteristics. Global strategies seek investment opportunities, long or short, throughout the world by focusing on economic trends and opportunities in securities markets. Each type of strategy may employ risk-reducing hedging techniques using short selling, futures contracts, options or credit-default swaps and total return swaps.

 

The Fund defines fixed income securities as bills, notes, debentures, bonds, loans or loan participations, asset-backed securities ("ABS"), residential mortgage-backed securities ("RMBS") and commercial mortgage-backed securities ("CMBS"). The Fund defines equity securities as common stock, preferred stock, or debt that is convertible into common stock. The Fund invests without restriction as to issuer capitalization, country, credit quality and without restriction as to the maturity of fixed income securities. The Fund plans to invest in fixed income securities rated below investment grade.

 

The Fund's adviser and primary sub-adviser manage the Fund's portfolio and determine which specific strategies to utilize at any given time and the Fund’s adviser delegates management of portions of the Fund's portfolio to a sub-adviser, each of which has a specific strategy expertise. The adviser and the primary sub-adviser work together to identify prospective sub-advisers. The adviser also retains final authority with respect to the selection of a specific strategy or sub-adviser and any sub-adviser's selection of specific securities if it believes an investment or allocation is not consistent with the Fund's investment guidelines. The adviser and the primary sub-adviser are responsible for ongoing performance evaluation and monitoring of all sub-advisers.

 

Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC’s Investment Process

 

The adviser's investment process combines risk management, due diligence, experienced portfolio construction, and portfolio monitoring. The adviser has overall supervisory responsibilities for the general management and investment of the Fund's securities portfolio. A summary of the adviser's process is as follows:

·Setting the Fund's overall investment objective
·Assisting the primary sub-adviser in the identification of existing and potential sub-advisers
·Monitoring and evaluating the performance of the sub-advisers, including their compliance with the investment objectives, policies, and restrictions of the Fund
·Implementing procedures to ensure that the sub-advisers comply with the Fund's investment objective, polices and restrictions

 

The adviser monitors all sub-advisers to assure that investments that are made are consistent with the Fund's strategy and to manage portfolio-level risk and would implement any investment in Underlying Funds recommended by Sandalwood Securities, Inc. (“Sandalwood”).

 

Sandalwood Securities, Inc.’s Investment Process

 

Sandalwood serves as the Fund’s primary sub-adviser. Sandalwood engages in a due diligence process to review the quality of each potential sub-adviser prior to its initial investment and will conduct "follow-up" due diligence on an ongoing basis. Sandalwood will make a detailed evaluation of each sub-adviser's past performance, current investment strategy, assets under management, research capabilities, management experience and other factors. A strong performance record is usually a prerequisite to the selection of any sub-adviser.

 

Sandalwood recommends sub-advisers to execute specific event-driven, credit analysis-based, long/short credit, distressed debt, convertible arbitrage, relative value, global strategies or equity long/short.

2 
 

Sandalwood may recommend the termination of a sub-adviser when performance is lower than expected, it believes the sub-adviser is no longer satisfactory because of a change in management or risk controls, or it finds another sub-adviser it believes to be more attractive.

 

Sub-Advisers’ Investment Processes

 

Deer Park Road Management Company, LP (“Deer Park”). Deer Park invests primarily in Senior Alt-A and Subprime RMBS. In addition it may also invest in CMBS or other asset-backed securities. Most, if not all of these investments are non-rated or non-investment grade. Its investments include deep value, high cash flow, short duration RMBS.

 

MidOcean Credit Fund Management, L.P. (“MidOcean”). MidOcean’s investment team sources new investment opportunities by utilizing a relative value strategy to identify investment opportunities in the crossover credit space (generally, credits rated B- to BBB+). The investment team monitors secondary market activity, creates asset screens to identify attractive investment opportunities, and invites reverse inquiries from its trading partners. Preliminary due diligence is conducted by individual members of MidOcean’s investment team and includes a review of the company’s fundamental credit risk profile, the structure of the investment instrument (i.e., security analysis), the instrument’s liquidity, and present market technicals for best price execution.

 

Principal Investment Risks: As with all mutual funds, there is the risk that you could lose money through your investment in the Fund. The Fund is not intended to be a complete investment program. Many factors affect the Fund's net asset value and performance.

 

The following risks may apply to the Fund's direct investments, as well any investments that may be made through Underlying Funds.

 

  • ABS, RMBS and CMBS Risk: ABS, RMBS and CMBS are subject to credit risk because underlying loan borrowers may default. Additionally, these securities are subject to prepayment risk because the underlying loans held by the issuers may be paid off prior to maturity. The value of these securities may go down as a result of changes in prepayment rates on the underlying mortgages or loans. During periods of declining interest rates, prepayment rates usually increase and the Fund may have to reinvest prepayment proceeds at a lower interest rate. CMBS are less susceptible to this risk because underlying loans may have prepayment penalties or prepayment lock out periods.
  • Convertible Bond Risk: Convertible bonds are hybrid securities that have characteristics of both bonds and common stocks and are subject to debt security risks and conversion value-related equity risk.
  • Credit Risk: There is a risk that issuers and counterparties will not make payments on securities and other investments held by the Fund, resulting in losses to the Fund. In addition, the credit quality of securities held by the Fund may be lowered if an issuer's financial condition changes.
  • Derivatives Risk: Futures, options and swaps involve risks possibly greater than the risks associated with investing directly in securities including leverage risk, tracking risk (the derivatives may not track the underlying securities) and counterparty default risk. Option positions may expire worthless exposing the Fund to potentially significant losses.
  • Fixed Income Risk: The value of the Fund's investments in fixed income securities will fluctuate with changes in interest rates. Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of fixed income securities.
  • Foreign Investment Risk: Foreign investing involves risks not typically associated with U.S. investments, including adverse fluctuations in foreign currency values, adverse political, social and economic developments, less liquidity, greater volatility, less developed or less efficient trading markets, political instability and differing auditing and legal standards. Investing in emerging markets imposes risks different from, or greater than, risks of investing in foreign developed countries.
  • High Yield (Junk) Bond Risk: Lower-quality fixed income securities, known as "high yield" or "junk" bonds, present greater risk than bonds of higher quality, including an increased risk of default. An economic downturn or period of rising interest rates could adversely affect the market for these bonds and reduce the Fund's ability to sell its bonds. The lack of a liquid market for these bonds could decrease the Fund's share price.
oDefaulted Securities Risk: Repayment of defaulted securities and obligations of distressed issuers (including insolvent issuers or issuers in payment or covenant default, in workout or restructuring or in bankruptcy or in solvency proceedings) is subject to significant uncertainties. Investments in defaulted securities and obligations of distressed issuers are considered speculative as are junk bonds in general.
3 
 
  • Issuer-Specific Risk: The value of a specific security can be more volatile than the market as a whole and can perform differently from the value of the market as a whole. The value of securities of smaller issuers can be more volatile than those of larger issuers. The value of certain types of securities can be more volatile due to increased sensitivity to adverse issuer, political, regulatory, market, or economic developments.
  • Liquidity Risk: Liquidity risk exists when particular investments of the Fund would be difficult to purchase or sell, possibly preventing the Fund from selling such illiquid securities at an advantageous time or price, or possibly requiring the Fund to dispose of other investments at unfavorable times or prices in order to satisfy its obligations.
  • Management Risk: The adviser's and sub-advisers' judgments about the attractiveness, value and potential appreciation of particular asset classes and securities in which the Fund invests (long or short) may prove to be incorrect and may not produce the desired results. Additionally, the adviser's judgments about the potential performance of the sub-advisers may also prove incorrect and may not produce the desired results.

As a result of certain strategies designed to mitigate market risk, the Fund may not participate as fully in positive markets because of these strategies and each strategy could negatively impact the Fund.

  • Market Risk: Overall equity and fixed income securities and derivatives market risks may affect the value of individual instruments in which the Fund invests. Factors such as domestic and foreign economic growth and market conditions, interest rate levels, and political events affect the securities and derivatives markets. When the value of the Fund's investments goes down, your investment in the Fund decreases in value and you could lose money.
  • Short Position Risk: The Fund will incur a loss as a result of a short position if the price of the short position instrument increases in value between the date of the short position sale and the date on which the Fund purchases an offsetting position. Short positions may be considered speculative transactions and involve special risks, including greater reliance on the ability to accurately anticipate the future value of a security or instrument. The Fund's losses are potentially unlimited in a short equity position transaction.
  • Smaller Company Risk: Smaller companies may have limited product lines, markets or financial resources, and they may be dependent on a limited management group. Securities of smaller companies may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than those of larger, more established companies or the market averages in general.
  • Underlying Funds Risk: The Fund may also invest in Underlying Funds, which are subject to investment advisory and other expenses that would be indirectly paid by the Fund. As a result, the cost of investing in the Fund would be higher than the cost of investing directly in an Underlying Fund and therefore may be higher than other mutual funds that invest directly in stocks and bonds. Underlying Funds are subject to specific risks, depending on the nature of the fund.

 

Performance: The bar chart and performance table below show the variability of the Fund’s returns, which is some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows performance of the Class I shares of the Fund for each full calendar year since the Fund's inception. Returns for Class A and Class C shares, which are not presented in the bar chart, would vary from the returns for Class I shares. The performance table compares the performance of the shares of the Fund over time to the performance of a broad-based securities market index. You should be aware that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) may not be an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information will be available at no cost by visiting www.sandalwoodfund.com or by calling 1-888-868-9501.

 

Class I Annual Total Return for Calendar Years Ended December 31

 

Best Quarter: 1st Quarter 2013 5.35%
Worst Quarter: 2nd  Quarter 2016 (9.55)%

 

4 
 

Performance Table

Average Annual Total Returns

(For periods ended December 31, 2016)

 

One

Year

Life of Fund

(inception 11-29-12)

Class I shares    
Return before taxes (13.11)% (2.42)%
Return after taxes on distributions (13.11)% (3.35)%
Return after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares (7.42)% (2.17)%
Class A shares    
Return before taxes (net of maximum sales charges) (18.27)% (4.06)%
Class C shares*    
Return before taxes (13.89)% (8.22)%

HFRX Fixed Income Index

(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)

4.97% 1.65%

* Commenced operations on February 11, 2014.

 

After-tax returns were calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown, and after-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold shares of the Fund through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs).

 

After-tax returns for Class A shares are not shown and would differ from those of Class I shares. Returns for Class A shares include the maximum sales charge of 5.75%.

 

HFRX Fixed Income - Credit Index includes strategies with exposure to credit across a broad continuum of credit sub-strategies, including Corporate, Sovereign, Distressed, Convertible, Asset Backed, Capital Structure Arbitrage, Multi-Strategy and other Relative Value and Event Driven sub-strategies. Investment thesis across all strategies is predicated on realization of a valuation discrepancy between the related credit instruments. Strategies may also include and utilize equity securities, credit derivatives, government fixed income, commodities, currencies or other hybrid securities.

 

Investment Adviser: Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC

 

Primary Sub-Adviser: Sandalwood Securities, Inc.

 

Sub-Advisers: Deer Park Road Management Company, LP and MidOcean Credit Fund Management, L.P.

 

Investment Adviser Portfolio Managers: Greg Anderson, Managing Member of the adviser and John L. Sabre, Managing Member of the adviser. Each has served as a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception.

 

Sub-Adviser Portfolio Managers: Martin J. Gross, Founder & President of Sandalwood, serves as the portfolio manager for the Primary Sub-Adviser. Additional Sub-Adviser Portfolio Managers are: Michael Craig-Scheckman, Chief Executive Officer and Scott Burg, Chief Investment Officer, of Deer Park Road Management Company LP; Bryan Dunn, Managing Director, and Andrew Quan, Portfolio Manager, of MidOcean Credit Fund Management, L.P. The Sub-Adviser portfolio managers have served since the Fund’s inception.

 

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares: You may purchase and redeem shares of the Fund on any day that the New York Stock Exchange is open for trading. The minimum initial investment in Class A, Class C and Class I shares is $2,500, $2,500 and $100,000, respectively. There is a minimum amount of $100 for subsequent investment in any share class. These minimums may be waived at the discretion of the adviser.

 

Tax Information: Dividends and capital gain distributions you receive from the Fund, whether you reinvest your distributions in additional Fund shares or receive them in cash, are taxable to you at either ordinary income or capital gains tax rates unless you are investing through a tax-deferred plan such as an IRA or 401(k) plan. However, these dividend and capital gain distributions may be taxable upon their eventual withdrawal from tax-deferred plans.

 

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries: If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund, the adviser or their related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary's website for more information.

5 
 

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RELATED RISKS

 

Investment Objective:

 

The Fund seeks income and capital appreciation. The Fund's investment objective may be changed by the Fund's Board of Trustees upon 60 days written notice to shareholders.

 

Principal Investment Strategies:

 

The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing primarily in fixed income securities rated below investment grade, using multiple event-driven, credit analysis-based, long/short credit, distressed debt, convertible arbitrage, relative value and global strategies based upon the expenses, consistency of historical returns and stability of management.

 

Credit Analysis. Credit-based strategies seek to profit from pricing differences or inefficiencies among debt securities of issuers that are in some sort of financial distress−credit quality downgrade, delinquency, default, restructuring, bankruptcy or relatively low financial performance.

 

Distressed Debt. Distressed debt strategies seek returns from price improvement or recovery proceeds on debt securities of troubled issuers by anticipating improved fundamentals, acquisition by a stronger issuer, liquidation proceeds in a reorganization or bankruptcy or foreclosure.

 

Long/Short Credit. These strategies seek returns by investing in debt securities of any type of issuer of any credit quality, such as "high yield" securities (also known as "junk" bonds), while employing selected risk reducing strategies such as interest rate risk hedging via futures and short selling or credit risk hedging via credit default swaps.

 

Relative Value. These strategies are long/short investment strategies that seek to exploit disparities in pricing relationships between instruments with similar characteristics. Relative value strategies are not dependent on market direction and often involve arbitrage techniques. A relative value investment strategy seeks to take advantage of perceived price differentials between related financial instruments, such as stocks and bonds, by simultaneously buying and selling the different securities, thereby seeking profit from the "relative value" of the two securities. Acting on the assumption that prices will revert to true value, as defined by the manager using a valuation measure such as dividend yield or price to earnings ratio, over time, the manager will sell short the overpriced security and buy the underpriced security. Once prices revert to true value, the trade can be liquidated at a profit. Relative value strategies can be used to buy and sell two stocks, two commodities, two bonds or a combination of the preceding. Relative value also is referred to as "pairs" trading because an investor invests in a pair of related securities that typically have high correlations, meaning they will tend to move in the same direction at the same time.

 

Global. These strategies seek investment opportunities, long or short, throughout the world by focusing on economic trends and opportunities in equity, fixed income, currency, precious metal or commodity markets. A global macro strategy seeks positive returns by making leveraged and or hedged investments on expected price movements in security, currency and commodity markets. Macroeconomic principles are used to identify what the manager believes to be temporary disruptions and dislocations in absolute or relative asset prices throughout the globe. A global macro strategy has a wide mandate and is generally unrestricted as to country, currency, issuer capitalization, security type or derivative instrument. Derivatives are used for hedging and as substitutes for securities. Individual trades may be directional, where a manager seeks returns from discrete price movements; or relative value, where two similar assets, such as shares in a domestic oil company and shares in an international oil company, are paired long and short to capture returns from a perceived relative mispricing.

 

The Fund's adviser and primary sub-adviser manage the Fund's portfolio and the Fund’s adviser delegates management of portions of the Fund's portfolio to sub-advisers, each of which has a specific strategy expertise. The adviser and the primary sub-adviser work together to identify prospective sub-advisers. The adviser also retains the final authority with respect to selection of specific strategy or sub-adviser’s and each sub-adviser's selection of specific securities if it believes an investment or allocation is not consistent with the Fund's investment guidelines, or Internal Revenue Code rules and regulations that apply to the Fund. The adviser and the primary sub-adviser are responsible for ongoing performance evaluation and monitoring of all sub-advisers.

 

Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC’s Investment Process

 

The adviser's investment process combines risk management, due diligence, experienced portfolio construction, and portfolio monitoring. Portfolio design begins with the establishment of objectives for precise, quantifiable measures of risk, such as standard deviation of monthly returns. The adviser's research team combines quantitative and qualitative research in its evaluation of the strategies to be executed by the sub-advisers. The adviser then monitors strategies, as-executed, for investment performance and achievement of risk objectives. The adviser has overall supervisory responsibilities for the general management and investment of the Fund's securities portfolio. A summary of the adviser's process is as follows:

·Setting the Fund's overall investment objective and allocation among various strategies
6 
 
·Assisting the primary sub-adviser in the identification of existing and potential sub-advisers
·Monitoring and evaluating the performance of the sub-advisers, including their compliance with the investment objectives, policies, and restrictions of the Fund
·Implementing procedures to ensure that the sub-advisers comply with the Fund's investment objective, polices and restrictions

 

The adviser monitors all sub-advisers to assure that investments that are made are consistent with the Fund's strategy. The adviser will monitor each sub-adviser's buying and selling of securities to manage portfolio-level risk.

 

Sandalwood Securities, Inc.’s Investment Process

 

Sub-Adviser Selection

 

Sandalwood engages in a due diligence process to review the quality of each potential sub-adviser prior to its initial investment and will conduct "follow-up" due diligence on a periodic basis. The due diligence process includes (i) performing background investigations of the principals; (ii) consulting with references; (iii) conducting in-person or telephonic meetings with managers; (iv) reviewing periodic performance and holdings updates (which may be either sector or security specific); and (v) reviewing such other information as Sandalwood may request. Sandalwood generally requests that each sub-adviser provide (i) monthly valuation analysis; (ii) periodic exposure reports; and (iii) quarterly investor letters. Sandalwood will make a detailed evaluation of each sub-adviser's past performance, current investment strategy, assets under management, research capabilities, management experience and other factors.

 

Sandalwood may recommend the replacement of a sub-adviser when performance is lower than expected or it believes the sub-adviser is no longer satisfactory because of a change in management or risk controls, or it identifies another sub-adviser it believes to be more attractive.

 

Sub-Advisers’ Investment Processes

 

Deer Park Road Management Company, L.P. (“Deer Park”). Deer Park invests primarily in Senior Alt-A and Subprime RMBS and also invests in CMBS or other asset-backed securities. Deer Park believes that the short duration, high cash flow nature of the bonds makes them less susceptible to volatility and they expect them to generate returns which are uncorrelated with equities or high yield bonds. Most, if not all of these investments are non-rated or non-investment grade. Its investments focus on deep value, high cash flow, short duration RMBS, CMBS, and other asset-backed securities.

 

MidOcean Credit Fund Management, L.P. (“MidOcean”). MidOcean’s investment team sources new investment opportunities by utilizing a relative value strategy to identify investment opportunities in the crossover credit space (generally, credits rated B- to BBB+). The investment team monitors secondary market activity, creates asset screens to identify attractive investment opportunities, and invites reverse inquiries from its trading partners. Preliminary due diligence is conducted by individual members of MidOcean’s investment team and includes a review of the company’s fundamental credit risk profile, the structure of the investment instrument (i.e., security analysis), the instrument’s liquidity, and present market technicals for best price execution.

 

Principal Investment Risks:

 

The following risks may apply to the Fund's direct investments as well the Fund's indirect risks through investing in Underlying Funds.

 

  • ABS, RMBS and CMBS Risk: ABS, RMBS and CMBS are subject to credit risk because underlying loan borrowers may default. Because ABS are typically backed by consumer loans, their default rates tend to be sensitive to the unemployment rate and overall economic conditions. RMBS default rates tend to be sensitive to these conditions and to home prices. CMBS default rates tend to be sensitive to overall economic conditions and to localized commercial property vacancy rates and prices. Certain individual securities may be more sensitive to default rates because payments may be subordinated to other securities of the same issuer. Additionally, ABS, RMBS and CMBS are subject to prepayment risk because the underlying loans held by the issuers may be paid off prior to maturity. The value of these securities may go down as a result of changes in prepayment rates on the underlying mortgages or loans. During periods of declining interest rates, prepayment rates usually increases and the Fund may have to reinvest prepayment proceeds at a lower interest rate. CMBS are less susceptible to this risk because underlying loans may have prepayment penalties or prepayment lock out periods.
  • 7 
     
  • Convertible Bond Risk: Convertible bonds are hybrid securities that have characteristics of both bonds and common stocks and are subject to debt security risk and conversion value-related equity risk. Convertible bonds are similar to other fixed-income securities because they usually pay a fixed interest rate and are obligated to repay principal on a given date in the future. The market value of fixed-income securities tends to decline as interest rates increase. Convertible bonds are particularly sensitive to changes in interest rates when their conversion to equity feature is small relative to the interest and principal value of the bond. Convertible issuers may not be able to make principal and interest payments on the bond as they become due. Convertible bonds may also be subject to prepayment or redemption risk. If a convertible bond held by the Fund is called for redemption, the Fund will be required to surrender the security for redemption, convert it into the issuing company's common stock or cash at a time that may be unfavorable to the Fund. Convertible securities have characteristics similar to common stocks especially when their conversion value is greater than the interest and principal value of the bond. The price of equity securities may rise or fall because of economic or political changes. Stock prices in general may decline over short or even extended periods of time. Market prices of equity securities in broad market segments may be adversely affected by a prominent issuer having experienced losses or by the lack of earnings or such an issuer's failure to meet the market's expectations with respect to new products or services, or even by factors wholly unrelated to the value or condition of the issuer, such as changes in interest rates. When a convertible bond's value is more closely tied to its conversion to stock feature, it is sensitive to the underlying stock's price.
  • Credit Risk: There is a risk that issuers and counterparties will not make payments on securities and other investments held by the Fund, resulting in losses to the Fund. In addition, the credit quality of securities held by the Fund may be lowered if an issuer's financial condition changes. Lower credit quality may lead to greater volatility in the price of a security and in shares of the Fund. Lower credit quality also may affect liquidity and make it difficult for the Fund to sell the security. Default, or the market's perception that an issuer is likely to default, could reduce the value and liquidity of securities held by the Fund, thereby reducing the value of your investment in Fund shares. In addition, default may cause the Fund to incur expenses in seeking recovery of principal or interest on its portfolio holdings. Credit risk also exists whenever the Fund enters into a foreign exchange or derivative contract, because the counterparty may not be able or may choose not to perform under the contract. When the Fund invests in foreign currency contracts, or other over-the-counter derivative instruments (including options), it is assuming a credit risk with regard to the party with which it trades and also bears the risk of settlement default. These risks may differ materially from risks associated with transactions effected on an exchange, which generally are backed by clearing organization guarantees, daily mark-to-market and settlement, segregation and minimum capital requirements applicable to intermediaries. Transactions entered into directly between two counterparties generally do not benefit from such protections. Relying on a counterparty exposes the Fund to the risk that a counterparty will not settle a transaction in accordance with its terms and conditions because of a dispute over the terms of the contract (whether or not bona fide) or because of a credit or liquidity problem, thus causing the Fund to suffer a loss. If a counterparty defaults on its payment obligations to the Fund, this default will cause the value of an investment in the Fund to decrease. In addition, to the extent the Fund deals with a limited number of counterparties, it will be more susceptible to the credit risks associated with those counterparties. The Fund is neither restricted from dealing with any particular counterparty nor from concentrating any or all of its transactions with one counterparty. The ability of the Fund to transact business with any one or number of counterparties and the absence of a regulated market to facilitate settlement may increase the potential for losses by the Fund.
  • Defaulted Securities Risk: Defaulted securities risk refers to the uncertainty of repayment of defaulted securities and obligations of distressed issuers. Repayment of defaulted securities and obligations of distressed issuers (including insolvent issuers or issuers in payment or covenant default, in workout or restructuring or in bankruptcy or in solvency proceedings) is subject to significant uncertainties. Investments in defaulted securities and obligations of distressed issuers are considered speculative.
  • Derivatives Risk: The Fund may use futures, options, credit default swaps and total return swaps to increase the Fund’s returns or hedge against market or security-specific declines. The Fund's use of derivative instruments involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. These risks include (i) the risk that the counterparty to a derivative transaction may not fulfill its contractual obligations; (ii) risk of mispricing or improper valuation; and (iii) the risk that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying asset. Derivative prices are highly volatile and may fluctuate substantially during a short period of time. Such prices are influenced by numerous factors that affect the markets, including, but not limited to: changing supply and demand relationships; government programs and policies; national and international political and economic events; changes in interest rates; inflation and deflation; and changes in supply and demand relationships. Trading derivative instruments involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities. Derivative contracts ordinarily have leverage inherent in their terms. The low margin deposits normally required in trading derivatives, including futures contracts, permit a high degree of leverage. Accordingly, a relatively small price movement may result in an immediate and substantial loss to the Fund. The use of leverage may also cause the Fund to
8 
 

liquidate portfolio positions when it would not be advantageous to do so in order to satisfy its obligations or to meet collateral segregation requirements. The use of leveraged derivatives can magnify the Fund's potential for gain or loss and, therefore, amplify the effects of market volatility on the Fund's share price. Because option premiums paid or received are small in relation to the market value of the investments underlying the options, buying and selling put and call options can be more speculative than investing directly in securities.

  • Fixed Income Risk: When the Fund invests in fixed income securities, the value of your investment in the Fund will fluctuate with changes in interest rates. Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of fixed income securities owned by the Fund. In general, the market price of debt securities with longer maturities will increase or decrease more in response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. Other risk factors include credit risk (the debtor may default) and prepayment risk (the debtor may pay its obligation early, reducing the amount of interest payments; or the debtor may pay its obligation later than expected, reducing the returns earned by an investment). These risks could affect the value of a particular investment by the Fund possibly causing the Fund's share price and returns to be reduced and fluctuate more than other types of investments.
  • Foreign Investment Risk: Foreign investing involves risks not typically associated with U.S. investments, including adverse fluctuations in foreign currency values, adverse political, social and economic developments, less liquidity, greater volatility, less developed or less efficient trading markets, political instability and differing auditing and legal standards. Investing in emerging markets imposes risks different from, or greater than, risks of investing in foreign developed countries.
  • High Yield (Junk) Bond Risk: Lower-quality fixed income securities, known as "high yield" or "junk" bonds, present a significant risk for loss of principal and interest. These bonds offer the potential for higher return, but also involve greater risk than bonds of higher quality, including an increased possibility that the bond's issuer, obligor or guarantor may not be able to make its payments of interest and principal (credit quality risk). If that happens, the value of the bond may decrease, and the Fund's share price may decrease and its income distribution may be reduced. An economic downturn or period of rising interest rates (interest rate risk) could adversely affect the market for these bonds and reduce the Fund's ability to sell its bonds (liquidity risk). Such securities may also include "Rule 144A" securities, which are subject to resale restrictions. The lack of a liquid market for these bonds could decrease the Fund's share price and junk bonds are considered speculative.
  • Issuer-Specific Risk: The value of a specific security can be more volatile than the market as a whole and can perform differently from the value of the market as a whole. The value of securities of smaller issuers can be more volatile than those of larger issuers. The value of certain types of securities can be more volatile due to increased sensitivity to adverse issuer, political, regulatory, market, or economic developments.
  • Liquidity Risk: The Fund is subject to liquidity risk. Liquidity risk exists when particular investments of the Fund would be difficult to purchase or sell, possibly preventing the Fund from selling such illiquid securities at an advantageous time or price, or possibly requiring the Fund to dispose of other investments at unfavorable times or prices in order to satisfy its obligations. Funds with principal investment strategies that involve securities of companies with smaller market capitalizations, non-U.S. securities, Rule 144A securities, derivatives or securities with substantial market and/or credit risk tend to have the greatest exposure to liquidity risk.
  • Management Risk: The net asset value of the Fund changes daily based on the performance of the securities and derivatives in which it invests. The adviser's and sub-advisers' judgments about the attractiveness, value and potential appreciation of particular asset classes and securities in which the Fund invests (long or short) may prove to be incorrect and may not produce the desired results. Additionally, the adviser's judgments about the potential performance of the sub-advisers may also prove incorrect and may not produce the desired results.
  • Market Risk: The net asset value of the Fund will fluctuate based on changes in the value of the equity and fixed income securities and derivatives in which the Fund invests. The Fund invests in securities and derivatives, which may be more volatile and carry more risk than some other forms of investment. The price of securities and derivatives may rise or fall because of economic or political changes. Security and derivative prices in general may decline over short or even extended periods of time. Market prices of securities and derivatives in broad market segments may be adversely affected by price trends in commodities, interest rates, exchange rates or other factors wholly unrelated to the value or condition of an issuer.
  • Short Position Risk: The Fund's long positions could decline in value at the same time that the value of the short positions increase, thereby increasing the Fund's overall potential for loss. The Fund's short positions may result in a loss if the price of the short position instruments rise and it costs more to replace the short positions. In contrast to the Fund's long positions, for which the risk of loss is typically limited to the amount invested, the potential loss on the Fund's short equity positions is unlimited. Market factors may prevent the Fund from closing out a short position at the most desirable time or at a favorable price.
  • 9 
     
  • Smaller Company Risk: Smaller companies may have limited product lines, markets or financial resources, and they may be dependent on a limited management group. Securities of smaller companies may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than those of larger, more established companies or the market averages in general.

 

Temporary Investments: To respond to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions, the Fund may invest 100% of its total assets, without limitation, in high-quality short-term debt securities and money market instruments. These short-term debt securities and money market instruments include: shares of money market mutual funds, commercial paper, certificates of deposit, bankers' acceptances, U.S. Government securities and repurchase agreements. While the Fund is in a defensive position, the opportunity to achieve its investment objective will be limited. Furthermore, to the extent that the Fund invests in money market mutual funds for cash positions, there will be some duplication of expenses because the Fund pays its pro-rata portion of such money market funds' advisory fees and operational fees. The Fund may also invest a substantial portion of its assets in such instruments at any time to maintain liquidity or pending selection of investments in accordance with its policies. The Fund has also secured a line of credit to utilize as necessary for liquidity needs due to shareholder redemptions.

 

Portfolio Holdings Disclosure: A description of the Fund's policies regarding the release of portfolio holdings information is available in the Fund's Statement of Additional Information. The Fund may, from time to time, make available month-end portfolio holdings information on the website www.sandalwoodfund.com. If month-end portfolio holdings are posted to the website, they are expected to be at least 60 days old and remain available until new information for the next month is posted. Shareholders may request portfolio holdings schedules at no charge by calling 1-888-868-9501.

 

Cybersecurity: The computer systems, networks and devices used by the Fund and its service providers to carry out routine business operations employ a variety of protections designed to prevent damage or interruption from computer viruses, network failures, computer and telecommunication failures, infiltration by unauthorized persons and security breaches. Despite the various protections utilized by the Fund and its service providers, systems, networks, or devices potentially can be breached. The Fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result of a cybersecurity breach.

 

Cybersecurity breaches can include unauthorized access to systems, networks, or devices; infection from computer viruses or other malicious software code; and attacks that shut down, disable, slow, or otherwise disrupt operations, business processes, or website access or functionality. Cybersecurity breaches may cause disruptions and impact the Fund’s business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses; interference with the Fund’s ability to calculate its NAV; impediments to trading; the inability of the Fund, the adviser, the sub-adviser and other service providers to transact business; violations of applicable privacy and other laws; regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, or additional compliance costs; as well as the inadvertent release of confidential information.

 

Similar adverse consequences could result from cybersecurity breaches affecting issuers of securities in which the Fund invests; counterparties with which the Fund engages in transactions; governmental and other regulatory authorities; exchange and other financial market operators, banks, brokers, dealers, insurance companies, and other financial institutions (including financial intermediaries and service providers for the Fund’s shareholders); and other parties. In addition, substantial costs may be incurred by these entities in order to prevent any cybersecurity breaches in the future.

 

 

MANAGEMENT

 

Investment Adviser: Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC ("Princeton"), 1580 Lincoln Street, Suite 680 Denver, CO 80203, serves as investment adviser to the Fund. Subject to the authority of the Board of Trustees, the adviser is responsible for management of the Fund's investment portfolio through the primary sub-adviser and other sub-advisers. The adviser is responsible for selecting the Fund's primary sub-adviser and working with the primary sub-adviser and monitoring the selection of sub-advisers, managing any Underlying Fund investments, and assuring that investments are made according to the Fund's investment objective, policies and restrictions. Additionally, the adviser is responsible for conducting initial and ongoing independent evaluation of the Fund’s asset allocation. The adviser was established in 2011 for the purpose of advising individuals and institutions. As of December 31, 2016, Princeton had approximately $1.008 billion in assets under management.

 

Pursuant to an advisory agreement between the Fund and Princeton, the adviser is entitled to receive, on a monthly basis, an annual advisory fee equal to 2.55% of the Fund's average daily net assets. The adviser pays the Fund's primary sub-adviser and sub-advisers out of the fee it receives from the Fund. The Fund's adviser has contractually agreed to reduce its fees and/or absorb expenses of the Fund, until at least January 31, 2018, to ensure that Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver and/or Reimbursement (excluding any front-end or contingent deferred loads, brokerage fees and commissions, acquired fund fees and expenses, fees and expenses associated with instruments in other collective investment vehicles or derivative instruments (including for example options and swap fees and expenses), borrowing costs

10 
 

(such as interest and dividend expense on securities sold short), taxes and extraordinary expenses, such as litigation expenses (which may include indemnification of Fund officers and Trustees and contractual indemnification of Fund service providers (other than the adviser)) do not exceed 2.95%, 3.70% and 2.70% for Class A, Class C and Class I shares, respectively; subject to possible recoupment from the Fund in future years on a rolling three year basis (within the three years after the fees have been waived or reimbursed) if such recoupment can be achieved within the foregoing expense limits. Fee waiver and reimbursement arrangements can decrease the Fund's expenses and boost its performance. A discussion regarding the basis for the Board of Trustees' approval of the advisory and sub-advisory agreements is available in the Fund's annual report to shareholders dated September 30, 2016. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016, the adviser received an annual advisory fee equal to 2.08% of the Fund’s average daily net assets.

 

Investment Adviser Portfolio Managers:

 

Greg Anderson

Manager and President

 

Prior to founding Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC in 2011 and certain affiliates, including Mount Yale Capital Group, LLC in 2003 and Mount Yale Asset Management in 1999, Mr. Anderson was a Senior Vice President and Managing Director of Investment Manager Search, Evaluation, and Due Diligence at Portfolio Management Consultants, Inc. Mr. Anderson was previously employed with Deloitte & Touche where he specialized in the areas of estate planning, health care and non-profit organizations, and tax and personal finance planning for high net worth individuals. Mr. Anderson holds a B.A. degree from Hamline University in Minnesota and a J.D. from the University of Minnesota School of Law. Mr. Anderson is a Certified Public Accountant (inactive).

 

John L. Sabre

Manager and Chief Executive Officer

 

Prior to founding Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC in 2011 and certain affiliates, including Mount Yale Capital Group, LLC in 2003 and Mount Yale Asset Management in 1999, Mr. Sabre was a Senior Managing Director at Bear Stearns & Co. and Head of the Mezzanine Capital Group. Mr. Sabre previously served as President of First Dominion Capital, which managed $3.0 billion of assets and is now owned by Credit Suisse First Boston. Prior to his position at First Dominion Capital, Mr. Sabre was a Managing Director and founding partner of Indosuez Capital, the merchant banking division of Credit Agricole Indosuez. Mr. Sabre holds a B.S. degree from the Carlson School at the University of Minnesota and an M.B.A. degree from the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania.

 

Primary Sub-Adviser & Portfolio Manager

 

Primary Sub-Adviser: Sandalwood, 101 Eisenhower Parkway, 3rd Floor, Roseland, NJ 07068, serves as the primary sub-adviser to the Fund. Subject to the authority of the Board of Trustees and oversight by the adviser, Sandalwood is responsible for management of the Fund's investment portfolio directly and through other sub-advisers. Sandalwood is responsible for making recommendations regarding the Fund’s asset allocations and providing input into the selection process for choosing the Fund's other sub-advisers and assuring that investments are made according to the Fund's investment objective, policies and restrictions. Pursuant to a sub-advisory agreement between Princeton and Sandalwood, the primary sub-adviser is entitled to receive, on a monthly basis, an advisory fee equal to two-thirds of the advisory fee received by Princeton less certain expenses including monthly average fees paid to sub-advisers. Sandalwood is paid by the adviser not the Fund. Sandalwood was established in 1990 for the purpose of advising individuals and institutions. As of December 31, 2016, it had approximately $946 million in assets under management.

 

Primary Sub-Adviser Portfolio Manager:

 

Martin J. Gross

Founder & President

 

Mr. Gross founded Sandalwood in 1990 and directs investment strategy and oversees its funds of funds. His career in fund management began in 1983, when he tracked and evaluated the performance of investment managers on behalf of high net worth individuals. Before he began his career in investment management, Mr. Gross practiced tax and corporate law in New York City, working in the corporate finance division of L.F. Rothschild, Unterberg, Towbin. Mr. Gross is a member of the New Jersey and New York Bars, has written numerous articles for The Wall Street Journal, Barron's, Foreign Affairs and other renowned financial publications. He frequently lectures on fund of fund investment strategies at industry conferences.

 

11 
 

Mr. Gross is a member of the Board of Trustees of Brandeis University and the Board of Overseers for the Brandeis International Business School, and serves on the University's Investment Committee. He is the President of the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, a member of The Council on Foreign Relations, and he serves on the Board of Trustees of the New York Historical Society. Mr. Gross earned his BA, Summa Cum Laude, from Brandeis University in 1972, received a BA and MA from Brasenose College, Oxford University in 1974, and a JD from The University of Chicago Law School in 1977. Subsequently, Mr. Gross studied at New York University Law School, where he earned an LLM in 1981.

 

Sub-Advisers & Portfolio Managers

 

Princeton, in consultation with Sandalwood, has engaged the following sub-advisers to provide investment sub-advisory services to a portion of the assets of the Fund, as allocated to each sub-adviser. Princeton and Sandalwood compensate each sub-adviser for its services from the management fees received from the Fund.

 

Deer Park Road Management Company, LP, 1195 Bangtail Way, Suite 102, Steamboat Springs, CO 80487, is a Colorado corporation which provides fixed income investment services the Fund and other pooled investment vehicles, had approximately $1.8 billion in regulatory assets under management as December 31, 2016. This sub-adviser will focus on investments in RMBS, CMBS and other asset-backed securities or similar securities.

 

Deer Park Portfolio Managers

 

Mr. Craig-Scheckman has been in the investment business for over 30 years and has over 20 years’ experience in the distressed MBS/ABS field. Mr. Craig-Scheckman worked for Millennium Partners from 1993 through 2010. He has run Deer Park Road Management Company, LP and its predecessor firm (Deer Park Corporation) from July 2003 until the present. Mr. Craig-Scheckman earned a BA in Physics at Queens College, New York, in 1975 and a MA in Physics at Columbia University, New York, in 1977.

 

Mr. Burg has over 8 years' experience valuing and analyzing mortgage and asset-backed securities. Prior to joining the sub-adviser’s predecessor firm in 2010, he was a Principal at General Capital Partners, focused on advising middle market companies in distressed situations. Previously, he was at Pursuit Partners, a $500 million fixed income hedge fund where his focus was on analyzing ABS opportunities. Mr. Burg received his MBA from Daniels School of Business at the University of Denver in 2007, and a B.S. in Finance from the University of Colorado in 2001.

 

MidOcean Credit Fund Management, L.P., doing business as MidOcean Credit Partners, 320 Park Avenue, 16th Floor, New York, NY 10022, is a Delaware limited partnership which provides fixed income investment services for pooled investment vehicles, such as the Fund, and had approximately $4.7 billion in assets under management as of December 31, 2016. This sub-adviser will focus on cross-over credit-related fixed income strategies.

 

MidOcean Portfolio Managers

 

Bryan Dunn: Mr. Dunn has over 20 years of portfolio management experience and has actively managed several multi-billion dollar corporate credit portfolios employing various strategies including extensive long/short strategies. Prior to joining MidOcean, Mr. Dunn was a Senior Portfolio Manager at Primus Asset Management where he was responsible for launching the Primus Absolute Return Credit Fund and overseeing the investment grade businesses. Mr. Dunn has broad product experience and has been an end-user in the credit default swap market since its inception. Prior to working at Primus, Mr. Dunn headed the Credit Portfolio Management Division at Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi where he was responsible for the Bank’s North American proprietary credit investment portfolio. Prior to that, Mr. Dunn founded Dresdner Bank’s credit asset management team and oversaw its investment portfolio. His additional experience includes portfolio management roles in CIBC’s Loan Portfolio Management Group and JPMorgan’s Cash Management Group. Mr. Dunn received an M.B.A. from New York University’s Stern School of Business and B.A. in Economics from Ithaca College.

 

Andrew Kuan: Mr. Kuan has over 10 years of experience in fixed income trading and analytics. Prior to joining MidOcean, Mr. Kuan was a Senior Trader at Primus Asset Management, where he helped manage a credit investment portfolio and launch the Primus Absolute Return Credit Fund. At Primus, Mr. Kuan was responsible for trading and market risk strategy in the proprietary and hedge fund portfolios. Mr. Kuan began working with Primus in the Quantitative Research group. In that role, Mr. Kuan selected investments for Primus’ proprietary portfolios and for 3rd party asset management clients. Mr. Kuan also contributed on the risk management front by analyzing various sources of portfolio market risks including spread, interest rate and currency risk. Mr. Kuan has broad product experience working in the corporate credit markets and with various structured products. Mr. Kuan holds a B.S. in Business Administration from California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, M.S. in Financial Engineering and M.A. in Economics from Claremont Graduate University.

 

 

12 
 

HOW SHARES ARE PRICED

 

The net asset value ("NAV") and offering price (NAV plus any applicable sales charges) of each class of shares is determined as of the close of the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), normally 4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time) on each day the NYSE is open for business. NAV is computed by determining, on a per class basis, the aggregate market value of all assets of the Fund, less its liabilities, divided by the total number of shares outstanding ((assets-liabilities)/number of shares = NAV). The NYSE is closed on weekends and New Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. The NAV takes into account, on a per class basis, the expenses and fees of the Fund, including management, administration, and distribution fees, which are accrued daily. The determination of NAV for a share class for a particular day is applicable to all applications for the purchase of shares, as well as all requests for the redemption of shares, received by the Fund (or an authorized broker or agent, or its authorized designee) before the close of trading on the NYSE on that day.

 

Generally, the Fund's securities are valued each day at the last quoted sales price on each security's primary exchange. Securities traded or dealt in upon one or more securities exchanges (whether domestic or foreign) for which market quotations are readily available and not subject to restrictions against resale shall be valued at last quoted sales price on the primary exchange or, in the absence of a sale on the primary exchange, at the mean between the current bid and ask prices on such exchange. Securities primarily traded in the National Association of Securities Dealers' Automated Quotation System ("NASDAQ") National Market System for which market quotations are readily available shall be valued using the NASDAQ Official Closing Price (“NOCP”). If market quotations are not readily available, securities will be valued at their fair market value as determined using the “fair value” procedures approved by the Board. Fair value pricing involves subjective judgments and it is possible that the fair value determined for a security is materially different than the value that could be realized upon the sale of that security. The fair value prices can differ from market prices when they become available. The Board has delegated execution of these procedures to a fair value team composed of one or more representatives from each of the (i) Trust, (ii) administrator, and (iii) adviser and/or sub-adviser. The team may also enlist third party consultants such as an audit firm or financial officer of a security issuer on an as-needed basis to assist in determining a security-specific fair value. The Board reviews and ratifies the execution of this process and the resultant fair value prices at least quarterly to assure the process produces reliable results.

 

The Fund may use independent pricing services to assist in calculating the value of the Fund's securities. In addition, market prices for foreign securities are not determined at the same time of day as the NAV for the Fund. Because the Fund may invest in underlying ETFs which hold portfolio securities primarily listed on foreign exchanges, and these exchanges may trade on weekends or other days when the underlying ETFs do not price their shares, the value of some of the Fund's portfolio securities may change on days when you may not be able to buy or sell Fund shares. In computing the NAV, the Fund values foreign securities held by the Fund at the latest closing price on the exchange in which they are traded immediately prior to closing of the NYSE. Prices of foreign securities quoted in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars at current rates. If events materially affecting the value of a security in the Fund's portfolio, particularly foreign securities, occur after the close of trading on a foreign market but before the Fund prices its shares, the security will be valued at fair value. For example, if trading in a portfolio security is halted and does not resume before the Fund calculates its NAV, the Fund may need to price the security using the fair value pricing guidelines. Without a fair value price, short-term traders could take advantage of the arbitrage opportunity and dilute the NAV of long-term investors. Fair valuation of the Fund's portfolio securities can serve to reduce arbitrage opportunities available to short-term traders, but there is no assurance that fair value pricing policies will prevent dilution of the Fund's NAV by short term traders. The determination of fair value involves subjective judgments. As a result, using fair value to price a security may result in a price materially different from the prices used by other mutual funds to determine net asset value, or from the price that may be realized upon the actual sale of the security.

 

With respect to any portion of the Fund's assets that are invested in one or more open-end management investment companies registered under the 1940 Act, the Fund's net asset value is calculated based upon the net asset values of those open-end management investment companies, and the prospectuses for these companies explain the circumstances under which those companies will use fair value pricing and the effects of using fair value pricing.

 

 

13 
 

HOW TO PURCHASE SHARES

 

Share Classes

 

This Prospectus describes three classes of shares offered by the Fund. The main differences between the shares classes are the minimum investment, ongoing fees and sales charges. Class A and Class C shares pay an annual fee of 0.25% and 1.00%, respectively, for distribution expenses pursuant to a plan under Rule 12b-1. Class I shares do not pay such fees. For information on ongoing distribution fees, see Distribution (12b-1) and Shareholder Servicing Fees on page 21 of this Prospectus. In choosing which class of shares to purchase, you should consider which will be most beneficial to you, given the amount of your purchase. All classes of shares in the Fund represent interest in the same portfolio of investments in the Fund. All share classes may not be available for purchase in all states.

 

Class A Shares

 

Class A shares are offered at their public offering price, which is NAV plus the applicable sales charge and are subject to 12b-1 distribution fees of up to 0.25% of the average daily net assets of Class A shares. The performance information presented above was calculated using a deduction of the maximum sales load of 5.75%. The minimum initial investment in Class A shares of the Fund is $2,500 for retirement plan accounts and $2,500 for all other accounts. The minimum subsequent investment in Class A shares of the Fund is $100 for retirement plan accounts and $100 for all other accounts. However, the adviser may waive investment minimums. The sales charge varies, depending on how much you invest. There are no sales charges on reinvested distributions. The following sales charges, which may be waived in the adviser's discretion, apply to your purchases of Class A shares of the Fund:

 

Amount Invested Sales Charge as a% of Offering Price(1) Sales Charge as a% of Amount Invested Dealer Reallowance
Under $25,000 5.75% 6.10% 5.00%
$25,000 to $49,999 5.00% 5.26% 4.25%
$50,000 to $99,999 4.75% 4.99% 4.00%
$100,000 to $249,999 3.75% 3.83% 3.25%
$250,000 to $499,999 2.50% 2.56% 2.00%
$500,000 to $999,999 2.00% 2.04% 1.75%
$1,000,000 and above 1.00% 1.01% 1.00%.
(1)Offering price includes the front-end sales load. The sales charge you pay may differ slightly form the amount set forth above because of rounding that occurs in the calculation used to determine your sales charge.

 

How to Reduce Your Sales Charge

 

You may be eligible to purchase Class A shares at a reduced sales charge. To qualify for these reductions, you must notify the Fund's distributor, Northern Lights Distributors, LLC (the "distributor"), in writing and supply your account number at the time of purchase. You may combine your purchase with those of your "immediate family" (your spouse and your children under the age of 21) for purposes of determining eligibility. If applicable, you will need to provide the account numbers of your spouse and your minor children as well as the ages of your minor children.

 

Rights of Accumulation: To qualify for the lower sales charge rates that apply to larger purchases of Class A shares, you may combine your new purchases of Class A shares with Class A shares of the Fund that you already own. The applicable initial sales charge for the new purchase is based on the total of your current purchase and the current value of all other Class A shares that you own. The reduced sales charge will apply only to current purchases and must be requested in writing when you buy your shares.

 

Shares of the Fund held as follows cannot be combined with your current purchase for purposes of reduced sales charges:

  • Shares held indirectly through financial intermediaries other than your current purchase broker-dealer
    (for example, a different broker-dealer, a bank, a separate insurance company account or an investment adviser);
  • Shares held through an administrator or trustee/custodian of an Employer Sponsored Retirement Plan
    (for example, a 401(k) plan) other than employer-sponsored IRAs; and
  • Shares held directly in a Fund account on which the broker-dealer (financial adviser) of record is different than your current purchase broker-dealer.

 

14 
 

Letters of Intent: Under a Letter of Intent ("LOI"), you commit to purchase a specified dollar amount of Class A shares of the Fund, with a minimum of $25,000, during a 13-month period. At your written request, Class A shares purchases made during the previous 90 days may be included. The amount you agree to purchase determines the initial sales charge you pay. If the full-face amount of the LOI is not invested by the end of the 13-month period, your account will be adjusted to the higher initial sales charge level for the amount actually invested. You are not legally bound by the terms of your LOI to purchase the amount of your shares stated in the LOI. The LOI does, however, authorize the Fund to hold in escrow 5% of the total amount you intend to purchase. If you do not complete the total intended purchase at the end of the 13 month period, the Fund's transfer agent will redeem the necessary portion of the escrowed shares to make up the difference between the reduced rate sales charge (based on the amount you intended to purchase) and the sales charge that would normally apply (based on the actual amount you purchased).

 

Repurchase of Class A Shares: If you have redeemed Class A shares of the Fund within the past 120 days, you may repurchase an equivalent amount of Class A shares of the Fund at NAV, without the normal front-end sales charge. In effect, this allows you to reacquire shares that you may have had to redeem, without repaying the front-end sales charge. You may exercise this privilege only once and must notify the Fund that you intend to do so in writing. The Fund must receive your purchase order within 120 days of your redemption. Note that if you reacquire shares through separate installments (e.g., through monthly or quarterly repurchases), the sales charge waiver will only apply to those portions of your repurchase order received within 120 days of your redemption.

 

Sales Charge Waivers

 

The sales charge on purchases of Class A shares is waived for certain types of investors, including:

  • Current and retired directors and officers of the Fund the adviser, sub-adviser or any of their subsidiaries, their families (e.g., spouse, children, mother or father) and any purchases referred through the adviser.
  • Employees of the adviser, any Sub-Adviser and their families, or any full-time employee or registered representative of the distributor or of broker-dealers having dealer agreements with the distributor (a "Selling Broker") and their immediate families (or any trust, pension, profit sharing or other benefit plan for the benefit of such persons).
  • Any full-time employee of a bank, savings and loan, credit union or other financial institution that utilizes a Selling Broker to clear purchases of the Fund's shares and their immediate families.
  • Participants in certain "wrap-fee" or asset allocation programs or other fee-based arrangements sponsored by broker-dealers and other financial institutions that have entered into agreements with the distributor.
  • Clients of financial intermediaries that have entered into arrangements with the distributor providing for the shares to be used in particular investment products made available to such clients and for which such registered investment advisers may charge a separate fee.
  • Institutional investors (which may include bank trust departments and registered investment advisers).
  • Any accounts established on behalf of registered investment advisers or their clients by broker-dealers that charge a transaction fee and that have entered into agreements with the distributor.
  • Separate accounts used to fund certain unregistered variable annuity contracts or Section 403(b) or 401(a) or (k) accounts.
  • Employer-sponsored retirement or benefit plans with total plan assets in excess of $5 million where the plan's investments in the Fund are part of an omnibus account. A minimum initial investment of $1 million in the Fund is required. The distributor in its sole discretion may waive these minimum dollar requirements.

 

The Fund does not waive sales charges for the reinvestment of proceeds from the sale of shares of a different fund where those shares were subject to a front-end sales charge (sometimes called an "NAV transfer").

 

Whether a sales charge waiver is available for your retirement plan or charitable account depends upon the policies and procedures of your intermediary. Please consult your financial adviser for further information.

 

Class C Shares: Class C shares of the Fund are sold at NAV without an initial sales charge. This means that 100% of your initial investment is placed into shares of the Fund. Class C shares pay up to 1.00% on an annualized basis of the average daily net assets as reimbursement or compensation for service and distribution-related activities with respect to the Fund and/or shareholder services. Over time, fees paid under the 12b-1 Plan will increase the cost of a Class C shareholder's investment and may cost more than other types of sales charges. The minimum initial investment in Class C shares of the Fund is $2,500 for retirement plan accounts and $2,500 for all other accounts. The minimum subsequent investment in Class C shares of the Fund is $100 for retirement plan accounts and $100 for all other accounts. However, the adviser may waive investment minimums.

15 
 

Class I Shares: Class I shares of the Fund are sold at NAV without an initial sales charge and are not subject to 12b-1 distribution fees, but have a higher minimum initial investment than Class A shares. This means that 100% of your initial investment is placed into shares of the Fund. Class I shares require a minimum initial investment of $100,000 and minimum subsequent investment of $100. However, the adviser may waive investment minimums.

 

Purchasing Shares: You may purchase shares of the Fund by sending a completed application form to:

 

Via Regular Mail

SANDALWOOD OPPORTUNITY FUND

c/o Gemini Fund Services, LLC

P.O. Box 541150

Omaha, Nebraska 68154

Via Overnight Mail

SANDALWOOD OPPORTUNITY FUND

c/o Gemini Fund Services, LLC

17605 Wright Street, Suite 2

Omaha, Nebraska 68130

 

The USA PATRIOT Act requires financial institutions, including the Fund, to adopt certain policies and programs to prevent money-laundering activities, including procedures to verify the identity of customers opening new accounts. As requested on the Application, you should supply your full name, date of birth, social security number and permanent street address. Mailing addresses containing a P.O. Box will not be accepted. This information will assist the Fund in verifying your identity. Until such verification is made, the Fund may temporarily limit additional share purchases. In addition, the Fund may limit additional share purchases or close an account if it is unable to verify a shareholder's identity. As required by law, the Fund may employ various procedures, such as comparing the information to fraud databases or requesting additional information or documentation from you, to ensure that the information supplied by you is correct.

 

Purchase through Brokers: You may invest in the Fund through brokers or agents who have entered into selling agreements with the Fund's distributor. The brokers and agents are authorized to receive purchase and redemption orders on behalf of the Fund. Such brokers are authorized to designate other intermediaries to receive purchase and redemption orders on the Fund’s behalf. The Fund will be deemed to have received a purchase or redemption order when an authorized broker or its designee receives the order. The broker or agent may set their own initial and subsequent investment minimums. You may be charged a fee if you use a broker or agent to buy or redeem shares of the Fund. Finally, various servicing agents use procedures and impose restrictions that may be in addition to, or different from those applicable to investors purchasing shares directly from the Fund. You should carefully read the program materials provided to you by your servicing agent.

 

Purchase by Wire: If you wish to wire money to make an investment in the Fund, please call the Fund at 1-888-868-9501 for wiring instructions and to notify the Fund that a wire transfer is coming. Any commercial bank can transfer same-day funds via wire. The Fund will normally accept wired funds for investment on the day received if they are received by the Fund's designated bank before the close of regular trading on the NYSE. Your bank may charge you a fee for wiring same-day funds.

 

Automatic Investment Plan: You may participate in the Fund's Automatic Investment Plan, an investment plan that automatically moves money from your bank account and invests it in the Fund through the use of electronic funds transfers or automatic bank drafts. You may elect to make subsequent investments by transfers of a minimum of $100 on specified days of each month into your established Fund account. Please contact the Fund at 1-888-868-9501 for more information about the Fund's Automatic Investment Plan.

 

The Fund, however, reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to reject any application to purchase shares. Applications will not be accepted unless they are accompanied by a wire transfer or a check drawn on a U.S. bank, thrift institutions, or credit union in U.S. funds for the full amount of the shares to be purchased. After you open an account, you may purchase additional shares by sending a check together with written instructions stating the name(s) on the account and the account number, to the above address. Make all checks payable to "Sandalwood Opportunity Fund". The Fund will not accept payment in cash, including cashier's checks or money orders. Also, to prevent check fraud, the Fund will not accept third party checks, U.S. Treasury checks, credit card checks or starter checks for the purchase of shares.

 

Note: Gemini Fund Services, LLC, the Fund's transfer agent, will charge a $25 fee against a shareholder's account, in addition to any loss sustained by the Fund, for any check returned to the transfer agent for insufficient funds.

 

When Order is Processed: All shares will be purchased at the NAV per share (plus applicable sales charges, if any) next determined after the Fund receives your application or request in good order. All requests received in good order by the Fund before 4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time) will be processed on that same day. Requests received after 4:00 p.m. will be processed on the next business day.

 

16 
 

 

Good Order: When making a purchase request, make sure your request is in good order. "Good order" means your purchase request includes:

·         the name of the Fund and share class,

·         the dollar amount of shares to be purchased, and

·         a completed purchase application or investment stub check payable to the "Sandalwood Opportunity Fund."

 

Retirement Plans: You may purchase shares of the Fund for your individual retirement plans. Please call the Fund at 1-888-868-9501 for the most current listing and appropriate disclosure documentation on how to open a retirement account.

 

 

HOW TO REDEEM SHARES

 

Redeeming Shares: You may redeem all or any portion of the shares credited to your account by submitting a written request for redemption to:

 

Via Overnight Mail

SANDALWOOD OPPORTUNITY FUND

c/o Gemini Fund Services, LLC

17605 Wright Street, Suite 2

Omaha, Nebraska 68130

Via Regular Mail

SANDALWOOD OPPORTUNITY FUND

c/o Gemini Fund Services, LLC

P.O. Box 541150

Omaha, Nebraska 68154

 

Redemptions by Telephone: The telephone redemption privilege is automatically available to all new accounts except retirement accounts. If you do not want the telephone redemption privilege, you must indicate this in the appropriate area on your account application or you must write to the Fund and instruct it to remove this privilege from your account.

 

The proceeds will be sent by mail to the address designated on your account or wired directly to your existing account in a bank or brokerage firm in the United States as designated on your application. To redeem by telephone, call 1-888-868-9501. The redemption proceeds normally will be sent by mail or by wire within three business days after receipt of your telephone instructions. IRA accounts are not redeemable by telephone.

 

The Fund reserves the right to suspend the telephone redemption privileges with respect to your account if the name(s) or the address on the account has been changed within the previous 30 days. Neither the Fund, the transfer agent, nor their respective affiliates will be liable for complying with telephone instructions they reasonably believe to be genuine or for any loss, damage, cost or expenses in acting on such telephone instructions and you will be required to bear the risk of any such loss. The Fund or the transfer agent, or both, will employ reasonable procedures to determine that telephone instructions are genuine. If the Fund and/or the transfer agent do not employ these procedures, they may be liable to you for losses due to unauthorized or fraudulent instructions. These procedures may include, among others, requiring forms of personal identification prior to acting upon telephone instructions, providing written confirmation of the transactions and/or tape recording telephone instructions.

 

Redemptions through Broker: If shares of the Fund are held by a broker-dealer, financial institution or other servicing agent, you must contact that servicing agent to redeem shares of the Fund. The servicing agent may charge a fee for this service.

 

Redemptions by Wire: You may request that your redemption proceeds be wired directly to your bank account. The Fund's transfer agent imposes a $15 fee for each wire redemption and deducts the fee directly from your account. Your bank may also impose a fee for the incoming wire.

 

Automatic Withdrawal Plan: If your individual accounts, IRA or other qualified plan account have a current account value of at least $10,000, you may participate in the Fund's Automatic Withdrawal Plan, an investment plan that automatically moves money to your bank account from the Fund through the use of electronic funds transfers. You may elect to make subsequent withdrawals by transfers of a minimum of $100 on specified days of each month into your established bank account. Please contact the Fund at 1-888-868-9501 for more information about the Fund's Automatic Withdrawal Plan.

 

17 
 

Redemptions in Kind: The Fund reserves the right to honor requests for redemption or repurchase orders by making payment in whole or in part in readily marketable securities ("redemption in kind") if the amount is greater than the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the Fund's assets. The securities will be chosen by the Fund and valued under the Fund's net asset value procedures. A shareholder will be exposed to market risk until these securities are converted to cash and may incur transaction expenses in converting these securities to cash.

 

When Redemptions are Sent: Once the Fund receives your redemption request in "good order" as described below, it will issue a check based on the next determined NAV following your redemption request. The redemption proceeds normally will be sent by mail or by wire within three business days after receipt of a request in "good order." If you purchase shares using a check and soon after request a redemption, your redemption proceeds will not be sent until the check used for your purchase has cleared your bank.

 

Good Order: Your redemption request will be processed if it is in "good order."
To be in good order, the following conditions must be satisfied:

·         The request should be in writing, unless redeeming by telephone, indicating the number of shares or dollar amount to be redeemed;

·         the request must identify your account number;

·         the request should be signed by you and any other person listed on the account, exactly as the shares are registered; and

·         if you request that the redemption proceeds be sent to a person, bank or an address other than that of record or paid to someone other than the record owner(s), or if the address was changed within the last 30 days, or if the proceeds of a requested redemption exceed $50,000, the signature(s) on the request must be medallion signature guaranteed by an eligible signature guarantor.

 

When You Need Medallion Signature Guarantees: If you wish to change the bank or brokerage account that you have designated on your account, you may do so at any time by writing to the Fund with your signature guaranteed. A medallion signature guarantee assures that a signature is genuine and protects you from unauthorized account transfers. You will need your signature guaranteed if:

·you request a redemption to be made payable to a person not on record with the Fund,
·you request that a redemption be mailed to an address other than that on record with the Fund,
·the proceeds of a requested redemption exceed $50,000,
·any redemption is transmitted by federal wire transfer to a bank other than the bank of record, or
·your address was changed within 30 days of your redemption request.

 

Signatures may be guaranteed by any eligible guarantor institution (including banks, brokers and dealers, credit unions, national securities exchanges, registered securities associations, clearing agencies and savings associations). Further documentation will be required to change the designated account if shares are held by a corporation, fiduciary or other organization. A notary public cannot guarantee signatures.

 

Retirement Plans: If you own an IRA or other retirement plan, you must indicate on your redemption request whether the Fund should withhold federal income tax. Unless you elect in your redemption request that you do not want to have federal tax withheld, the redemption will be subject to withholding.

 

Low Balances: If at any time your account balance in the Fund falls below $2,500, the Fund may notify you that, unless the account is brought up to at least $2,500 within 60 days of the notice; your account could be closed. After the notice period, the Fund may redeem all of your shares and close your account by sending you a check to the address of record. Your account will not be closed if the account balance drops below $2,500 due to a decline in NAV.

 

 

18 
 

FREQUENT PURCHASES AND REDEMPTIONS OF FUND SHARES

 

The Fund discourages and does not accommodate market timing. Frequent trading into and out of the Fund can harm all Fund shareholders by disrupting the Fund's investment strategies, increasing Fund expenses, decreasing tax efficiency and diluting the value of shares held by long-term shareholders. The Fund is designed for long-term investors and is not intended for market timing or other disruptive trading activities. Accordingly, the Fund's Board has approved policies that seek to curb these disruptive activities while recognizing that shareholders may have a legitimate need to adjust their Fund investments as their financial needs or circumstances change. The Fund currently uses several methods to reduce the risk of market timing, including committing staff to review, on a continuing basis, recent trading activity in order to identify trading activity that may be contrary to the Fund's "Market Timing Trading Policy."

 

Though these methods involve judgments that are inherently subjective and involve some selectivity in their application, the Fund seeks to make judgments and applications that are consistent with the interests of the Fund's shareholders. Generally exchange activity is considered excessive if shares of the Fund are exchanged or redeemed within seven calendar days of purchase or exchange activity exceeds 1% of the net asset value of the Fund.

 

Based on the frequency of redemptions in your account, the adviser or transfer agent may in its sole discretion determine that your trading activity is detrimental to the Fund as described in the Fund's Market Timing Trading Policy and elect to reject or limit the amount, number, frequency or method for requesting future purchases or exchanges into the Fund.

 

The Fund reserves the right to reject or restrict purchase requests for any reason, particularly when the shareholder's trading activity suggests that the shareholder may be engaged in market timing or other disruptive trading activities. Neither the Fund nor the adviser will be liable for any losses resulting from rejected purchase orders. The adviser may also bar an investor who has violated these policies (and the investor's financial adviser) from opening new accounts with the Fund.

 

Although the Fund attempts to limit disruptive trading activities, some investors use a variety of strategies to hide their identities and their trading practices. There can be no guarantee that the Fund will be able to identify or limit these activities. Omnibus account arrangements are common forms of holding shares of the Fund. While the Fund will encourage financial intermediaries to apply the Fund's Market Timing Trading Policy to their customers who invest indirectly in the Fund, the Fund is limited in its ability to monitor the trading activity or enforce the Fund's Market Timing Trading Policy with respect to customers of financial intermediaries. For example, should it occur, the Fund may not be able to detect market timing that may be facilitated by financial intermediaries or made difficult to identify in the omnibus accounts used by those intermediaries for aggregated purchases, exchanges and redemptions on behalf of all their customers. More specifically, unless the financial intermediaries have the ability to apply the Fund's Market Timing Trading Policy to their customers through such methods as implementing short-term trading limitations or restrictions and monitoring trading activity for what might be market timing, the Fund may not be able to determine whether trading by customers of financial intermediaries is contrary to the Fund's Market Timing Trading Policy. Brokers maintaining omnibus accounts with the Fund have agreed to provide shareholder transaction information to the extent known to the broker to the Fund upon request. If the Fund or its transfer agent or shareholder servicing agent suspects there is market timing activity in the account, the Fund will seek full cooperation from the service provider maintaining the account to identify the underlying participant. At the request of the adviser, the service providers may take immediate action to stop any further short-term trading by such participants.

 

 

19 
 

TAX STATUS, DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS

 

Any sale or exchange of the Fund's shares may generate tax liability (unless you are a tax-exempt investor or your investment is in a qualified retirement account). When you redeem your shares you may realize a taxable gain or loss. This is measured by the difference between the proceeds of the sale and the tax basis for the shares you sold. (To aid in computing your tax basis, you generally should retain your account statements for the period that you hold shares in the Fund.)

 

The Fund intends to distribute substantially all of its net investment income and net capital gains at least annually. Certain distributions may be deemed a return of capital. All distributions will be reinvested in shares of the Fund unless you elect to receive cash. Dividends from net investment income (including any excess of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss) are taxable to investors as ordinary income, while distributions of net capital gain (the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) are generally taxable as long-term capital gain, regardless of your holding period for the shares. Any dividends or capital gain distributions you receive from the Fund will normally be taxable to you when made, regardless of whether you reinvest dividends or capital gain distributions or receive them in cash. Certain dividends or distributions declared in October, November or December will be taxed to shareholders as if received in December if they are paid during the following January. Each year the Fund will inform you of the amount and type of your distributions. IRAs and other qualified retirement plans are exempt from federal income taxation until retirement proceeds are paid out to the participant.

 

Distribution Policy and Goals

 

Except during periods of substantial asset growth, the level of distributions (including any return of capital) is not fixed but is expected to be in a range equivalent to 4% to 7% of the Fund's current net asset value per share, expressed as an annual rate. Additionally, the Fund's distribution policy is not designed to generate or guarantee distributions that equal a fixed percentage of the Fund's current net asset value per share.

 

The Fund generally distributes to shareholders substantially all of its net income (which includes, for example, interest and dividends) as well as substantially all of its net capital gains (that is, long-term capital gains from the sale of portfolio securities and short-term capital gains from both the sale of portfolio securities). In addition, pursuant to its distribution policy, the Fund may make distributions that are treated as a return of capital. Return of capital is the portion of a distribution that is the return of your original investment dollars in the Fund. A return of capital is not taxable to a shareholder unless it exceeds a shareholder's tax basis in the shares.

 

Returns of capital reduce a shareholder's tax cost (or "tax basis"). Once a shareholder's tax basis is reduced to zero, any further return of capital would be taxable. Shareholders receiving periodic payments from the Fund may be under the impression that they are receiving net profits. However, all or a portion of a distribution may consist of a return of capital (i.e. from your original investment). Shareholders should not assume that the source of a distribution from the Fund is net profit. Shareholders should note that return of capital will reduce the tax basis of their shares and potentially increase the taxable gain, if any, upon disposition of their shares. As required under the 1940 Act, the Fund will provide a notice to shareholders at the time of distribution when such distribution does not consist solely of net income. Additionally, each distribution payment will be accompanied by a written statement which discloses the source or sources of each distribution. The IRS requires you to report these amounts, excluding returns of capital, on your income tax return for the year declared. The Fund will provide disclosures, with each distribution, that estimate the percentages of the current and year-to-date distributions that represent (1) net investment income, (2) qualified dividends, (3) capital gains and (4) return of capital. At the end of the year, the Fund may be required under applicable law to re-characterize distributions made previously during that year among (1) ordinary income, (2) capital gains and (3) return of capital for tax purposes. An additional distribution may be made in December, and other additional distributions may be made with respect to a particular fiscal year in order to comply with applicable law. Distributions declared in December, if paid to shareholders by the end of January, are treated for federal income tax purposes as if received in December.

 

Your redemptions, including exchanges, may result in a capital gain or loss for federal tax purposes. A capital gain or loss on your investment is the difference between the cost of your shares, including any sales charges, and the amount you receive when you sell them.

 

On the account application, you will be asked to certify that your social security number or taxpayer identification number is correct and that you are not subject to backup withholding for failing to report income to the IRS. If you are subject to backup withholding or you did not certify your taxpayer identification number, the IRS requires the Fund to withhold a percentage of any dividend, redemption or exchange proceeds. The Fund reserves the right to reject any application that does not include a certified social security or taxpayer identification number. If you do not have a social security number, you should indicate on the purchase form that your application to obtain a number is pending. The Fund is required to withhold taxes if a number is not delivered to the Fund within seven days.

 

This summary is not intended to be and should not be construed to be legal or tax advice. You should consult your own tax advisers to determine the tax consequences of owning the Fund's shares.

20 
 

DISTRIBUTION OF SHARES

 

Distributor: Northern Lights Distributors, LLC, (the “Distributor”) located at 17605 Wright Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68130, is the distributor for the shares of the Fund. Distributors is a registered broker-dealer and member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. ("FINRA"). Shares of the Fund are offered on a continuous basis.

 

Distribution (12b-1) and Shareholder Servicing Fees: The Trust, with respect to the Fund, has adopted the Trust’s Master Distribution and Shareholder Servicing Plans ("12b-1 Plans" or "Plans"), for each of Class A and Class C shares pursuant to Rule 12b-1 of the 1940 Act which allows the Fund to pay the Fund's Distributor an annual fee for distribution and shareholder servicing expenses of up to 0.25% of the Fund's average daily net assets attributable to Class A shares and 1.00% of the Fund’s average daily net asset attributable to Class C shares. Because these fees are paid out of the Fund’s assets on an on-going basis, overtime these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges.

 

The Distributor and other entities are paid pursuant to the Plans for distribution and shareholders servicing provided and the expenses borne by the Distributor and others in the distribution of Fund shares, including the payment of commissions for sales of the shares and incentive compensation to and expenses of dealers and others who engage in or support distribution of shares or who service shareholder accounts, including overhead and telephone expenses; printing and distribution of prospectuses and reports used in connection with the offering of the Fund's shares to other than current shareholders; and preparation, printing and distribution of sales literature and advertising materials. In addition, the Distributor or other entities may utilize fees paid pursuant to the Plans to compensate dealers or other entities for their opportunity costs in advancing such amounts, which compensation would be in the form of a carrying charge on any un-reimbursed expenses.

 

Additional Compensation to Financial Intermediaries: The Distributor, the Fund’s affiliates, and the adviser and its affiliates may each, at its own expense and out of its own assets including their legitimate profits from Fund-related activities, provide additional cash payments, travel or other expense reimbursements to financial intermediaries who sell shares of the Fund or assist in the marketing of the Fund, including placement agents and marketing specialists. Financial intermediaries include brokers, financial planners, banks, insurance companies, retirement or 401(k) plan administrators and others. These payments may be in addition to the Rule 12b-1 fees and any sales charges that are disclosed elsewhere in this Prospectus. These payments are generally made to financial intermediaries that provide shareholder or administrative services, or marketing support. Marketing support may include access to sales meetings, conference sponsorships, costs or expenses of attending adviser-sponsored due diligence conferences, sales representatives and financial intermediary management representatives, inclusion of the Fund on a sales list, including a preferred or select sales list, or other sales programs. These payments also may be made as an expense reimbursement in cases where the financial intermediary provides shareholder services to Fund shareholders. The Distributor may, from time to time, provide promotional incentives to certain investment firms. Such incentives may, at the distributor's discretion, be limited to investment firms who allow their individual selling representatives to participate in such additional compensation.

 

Householding: To reduce expenses, the Fund mails only one copy of a Prospectus and each annual and semi-annual report to those addresses shared by two or more accounts. If you wish to receive individual copies of these documents, please call the Fund at 1-888-868-9501 on days the Fund is open for business or contact your financial institution. The Fund will begin sending you individual copies thirty days after receiving your request.

 

21 
 

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

 

The financial highlights table is intended to help you understand the Sandalwood Opportunity Fund’s financial performance for the period of the Fund’s operations. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have earned (or lost) on an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). This information for the Fund has been derived from the financial statements audited by RSM US LLP, whose report, along with the Fund’s financial statements, are included in the Fund’s September 30, 2016 annual report, which is available upon request.

 

The tables below sets forth financial data for one share of beneficial interest outstanding throughout the period presented.

 

Per Share Data and Ratios for a Share of Beneficial Interest Outstanding Throughout Each Period    

 

    Year Ended     Year Ended     Year Ended     Period Ended  
    September 30,     September 30,     September 30,     September 30,  
Class A   2016     2015     2014     2013 (1)  
Net asset value, beginning of period   $ 9.44     $ 10.75     $ 10.70     $ 10.00  
Activity from investment operations:                                
Net investment income (2)     0.43       0.28       0.28       0.22  
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments     (1.96 )     (0.96 )     0.43       0.70  
Total from investment operations     (1.53 )     (0.68 )     0.71       0.92  
Less distributions from:                                
Net investment income           (0.15 )     (0.38 )     (0.22 )
Net realized gains                 (0.07 )      
Return of capital     (0.62 )     (0.48 )     (0.21 )      
Total distributions     (0.62 )     (0.63 )     (0.66 )     (0.22 )
Net asset value, end of period   $ 7.29     $ 9.44     $ 10.75     $ 10.70  
Total return (3)     (16.67 )%     (6.51 )%     6.76 %     9.17 % (6)
Net assets, at end of period (000s)   $ 1,582     $ 14,017     $ 49,485     $ 25,607  
                                 
Ratio of gross expenses to average net assets (4)     3.98 % (9)     3.35 % (8)     3.18 % (7)     3.57 % (5)
Ratio of net expenses to average net assets     3.51 % (9)     3.15 % (8)     2.99 % (7)     2.95 % (5)
Ratio of net investment income to average net assets     5.04 % (9)     2.74 % (8)     2.58 % (7)     2.39 % (5)
Portfolio Turnover Rate     75 %     177 %     197 %     87 % (6)

 

 

  (1) The Sandalwood Opportunity Fund Class A shares commenced operations on November 29, 2012.
  (2) Per share amounts calculated using the average shares method, which more appropriately presents the per share data for the period.
  (3) Total returns shown are historical in nature and assume changes in share price, reinvestment of dividends and distributions, if any, and exclude the effect of applicable sales charges and redemption fees.  Had the Adviser not absorbed a portion of Fund expenses, total returns would have been lower.
  (4) Represents the ratio of expenses to average net assets absent fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements by the Adviser.
  (5) Annualized.
  (6) Not annualized.
  (7) Includes 0.04% for the year ended September 30, 2014 attributed to margin expense on short sales, which is not subject to waiver by the Adviser.
  (8) Includes 0.20% for the year ended September 30, 2015 attributed to line of credit fees and margin expense on short sales, which are not subject to waiver by the Adviser.
  (9) Includes 0.56% for the year ended September 30, 2016 attributed to line of credit fees and margin expense on short sales, which are not subject to waiver by the Adviser.
       
22 
 

 

Per Share Data and Ratios for a Share of Beneficial Interest Outstanding Throughout Each Period

 

      Year Ended     Year Ended     Period Ended  
      September 30,     September 30,     September 30,  
Class C     2016     2015     2014 (1)  
Net asset value, beginning of period     $ 9.57     $ 10.90     $ 10.84  
Activity from investment operations:                          
Net investment income (2)       0.08       0.23       0.18  
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments       (1.69 )     (1.00 )     0.24  
Total from investment operations       (1.61 )     (0.77 )     0.42  
Less distributions from:                          
Net investment income             (0.13 )     (0.08 )
Net realized gains                   (0.07 )
Return of capital       (0.56 )     (0.43 )     (0.21 )
Total distributions       (0.56 )     (0.56 )     (0.36 )
Net asset value, end of period     $ 7.40     $ 9.57     $ 10.90  
Total return (3)       (17.29 )%     (7.15 )%     3.21 % (6)
Net assets, at end of period (000s)     $ 2,242     $ 5,666     $ 2,373  
                           
Ratio of gross expenses to average net assets (4)       4.73 % (9)     4.21 % (8)     3.96 % (5)(7)
Ratio of net expenses to average net assets       4.26 % (9)     3.90 % (8)     3.74 % (5)(7)
Ratio of net investment income to average net assets       0.97 % (9)     2.24 % (8)     2.95 % (5)(7)
Portfolio Turnover Rate       75 %     177 %     197 % (6)

 

 

  (1) The Sandalwood Opportunity Fund Class C shares commenced operations on February 11, 2014.
  (2) Per share amounts calculated using the average shares method, which more appropriately presents the per share data for the period.
  (3) Total returns shown are historical in nature and assume changes in share price, reinvestment of dividends and distributions, if any, and exclude the effect of applicable sales charges and redemption fees.  Had the Adviser not absorbed a portion of Fund expenses, total returns would have been lower.
  (4) Represents the ratio of expenses to average net assets absent fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements by the Adviser.
  (5) Annualized.
  (6) Not annualized.
  (7) Includes 0.04% for the year ended September 30, 2014 attributed to margin expense on short sales, which is not subject to waiver by the Adviser.
  (8) Includes 0.20% for the year ended September 30, 2015 attributed to line of credit fees and margin expense on short sales, which are not subject to waiver by the Adviser.
  (9) Includes 0.56% for the year ended September 30, 2016 attributed to line of credit fees and margin expense on short sales, which are not subject to waiver by the Adviser.
       

 

23 
 

 

Per Share Data and Ratios for a Share of Beneficial Interest Outstanding Throughout Each Period

 

    Year Ended     Year Ended     Year Ended     Period Ended  
    September 30,     September 30,     September 30,     September 30,  
Class I   2016     2015     2014     2013 (1)  
Net asset value, beginning of period   $ 9.45     $ 10.76     $ 10.71     $ 10.00  
Activity from investment operations:                                
Net investment income (2)     0.29       0.31       0.31       0.24  
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments     (1.80 )     (0.96 )     0.42       0.70  
Total from investment operations     (1.51 )     (0.65 )     0.73       0.94  
Less distributions from:                                
Net investment income           (0.16 )     (0.40 )     (0.23 )
Net realized gains                 (0.07 )      
Return of capital     (0.65 )     (0.50 )     (0.21 )      
Total distributions     (0.65 )     (0.66 )     (0.68 )     (0.23 )
Net asset value, end of period   $ 7.29     $ 9.45     $ 10.76     $ 10.71  
Total return (3)     (16.47 )%     (6.20 )%     7.00 %     9.41 % (6)
Net assets, at end of period (000s)   $ 13,297     $ 135,027     $ 204,020     $ 33,657  
                                 
Ratio of gross expenses to average net assets (4)     3.73 % (9)     3.13 % (8)     2.96 % (7)     3.32 % (5)
Ratio of net expenses to average net assets     3.26 % (9)     2.90 % (8)     2.74 % (7)     2.70 % (5)
Ratio of net investment income to average net assets     3.23 % (9)     3.05 % (8)     2.85 % (7)     2.66 % (5)
Portfolio Turnover Rate     75 %     177 %     197 %     87 % (6)

 

 

  (1) The Sandalwood Opportunity Fund Class I shares commenced operations on November 29, 2012.
  (2) Per share amounts calculated using the average shares method, which more appropriately presents the per share data for the period.
  (3) Total returns shown are historical in nature and assume changes in share price, reinvestment of dividends and distributions, if any, and exclude the effect of applicable sales charges and redemption fees.  Had the Adviser not absorbed a portion of Fund expenses, total returns would have been lower.
  (4) Represents the ratio of expenses to average net assets absent fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements by the Adviser.
  (5) Annualized.
  (6) Not annualized.
  (7) Includes 0.04% for the year ended September 30, 2014 attributed to margin expense on short sales, which is not subject to waiver by the Adviser.
  (8) Includes 0.20% for the year ended September 30, 2015 attributed to line of credit fees and margin expense on short sales, which are not subject to waiver by the Adviser.
  (9) Includes 0.56% for the year ended September 30, 2016 attributed to line of credit fees and margin expense on short sales, which are not subject to waiver by the Adviser.

 

24 
 

 

PRIVACY notice

Rev. February 2014

FACTS

WHAT DOES NORTHERN LIGHTS FUND TRUST DO WITH YOUR PERSONAL

INFORMATION?

   
Why? Financial companies choose how they share your personal information.  Federal law gives consumers the right to limit some but not all sharing.  Federal law also requires us to tell you how we collect, share, and protect your personal information.  Please read this notice carefully to understand what we do.
   
What? The types of personal information we collect and share depend on the product or service you have with us.  This information can include: § Social Security number § Purchase History § Assets § Account Balances § Retirement Assets § Account Transactions § Transaction History § Wire Transfer Instructions § Checking Account Information   When you are no longer our customer, we continue to share your information as described in this notice.
   
How? All financial companies need to share customers' personal information to run their everyday business.  In the section below, we list the reasons financial companies can share their customers' personal information; the reasons Northern Lights Fund Trust chooses to share; and whether you can limit this sharing.
       
Reasons we can share your personal information Does Northern Lights Fund Trust share? Can you limit this sharing?

For our everyday business purposes –

such as to process your transactions, maintain your account(s), respond to court orders and legal investigations, or report to credit bureaus

Yes No

For our marketing purposes –

to offer our products and services to you

No We don't share
For joint marketing with other financial companies No We don't share

For our affiliates' everyday business purposes –

information about your transactions and experiences

No We don't share

For our affiliates' everyday business purposes –

information about your creditworthiness

No We don't share
For nonaffiliates to market to you No We don't share
   
Questions? Call (402) 493-4603
         
25 
 

 

   
 Who we are
Who is providing this notice?

Northern Lights Fund Trust

 

What we do
How does Northern Lights Fund Trust protect my personal information?

To protect your personal information from unauthorized access and use, we use security measures that comply with federal law. These measures include computer safeguards and secured files and buildings.

 

Our service providers are held accountable for adhering to strict policies and procedures to prevent any misuse of your nonpublic personal information.

How does Northern Lights Fund Trust collect my personal information?

We collect your personal information, for example, when you

§ Open an account

§ Provide account information

§ Give us your contact information

§ Make deposits or withdrawals from your account

§ Make a wire transfer

§ Tell us where to send the money

§ Tells us who receives the money

§ Show your government-issued ID

§ Show your driver's license

We also collect your personal information from other companies.

Why can't I limit all sharing?

Federal law gives you the right to limit only

Sharing for affiliates' everyday business purposes – information about your creditworthiness

Affiliates from using your information to market to you

Sharing for nonaffiliates to market to you

State laws and individual companies may give you additional rights to limit sharing.

Definitions
Affiliates

Companies related by common ownership or control. They can be financial and nonfinancial companies.

§ Northern Lights Fund Trust doesn’t share with our affiliates.

Nonaffiliates

Companies not related by common ownership or control. They can be financial and nonfinancial companies

§ Northern Lights Fund Trust does not share with nonaffiliates so they can market to you.

Joint marketing

A formal agreement between nonaffiliated financial companies that together market financial products or services to you.

§ Northern Lights Fund Trust doesn’t jointly market.

     
26 
 

SANDALWOOD OPPORTUNITY FUND

Adviser

Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC

1580 Lincoln Street, Suite 680

Denver, CO 80203

Distributor

Northern Lights Distributors, LLC

17605 Wright Street

Omaha, NE 68130

Independent

Registered Public

Accountant

RSM US LLP

555 Seventeenth Street, Suite 1000

Denver, CO 80202

Legal

Counsel

Thompson Hine LLP

41 S. High Street, Suite 1700

Columbus, OH 43215

Custodian

MUFG Union Bank, N.A.

400 California Street

San Francisco, CA 94104

Transfer

Agent

Gemini Fund Services, LLC
17605 Wright Street, Suite 2

Omaha, NE 68130

 

Additional information about the Fund is included in the Fund's Statement of Additional Information dated January 30, 2017. The SAI is incorporated into this Prospectus by reference (i.e., legally made a part of this Prospectus). The SAI provides more details about the Fund's policies and management. Additional information about the Fund's investments will also be available in the Fund's Annual and Semi-Annual Reports to Shareholders. In the Fund's Annual Report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund's performance during its last fiscal year or fiscal period.

 

To obtain a free copy of the SAI, the Annual and Semi-Annual Reports to Shareholders, or other information about the Fund, or to make shareholder inquiries, please call 1-888-868-9501 or visit www.sandalwoodfund.com. You may also write to:

 

SANDALWOOD OPPORTUNITY FUND

c/o Gemini Fund Services, LLC

P.O. Box 541150

Omaha, Nebraska 68154

 

You may review and obtain copies of the Fund's information at the SEC Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. Please call 1-202-551-8090 for information relating to the operation of the Public Reference Room. Reports and other information about the Fund are available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC's Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. Copies of the information may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following E-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the Public Reference Section, Securities and Exchange Commission, Washington, D.C. 20549-1520.

 

 

Investment Company Act File # 811-21720

 

 
 

Sandalwood Opportunity Fund

A Series of Northern Lights Fund Trust

Class A shares: SANAX

Class C shares: SANCX

Class I shares: SANIX

STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

January 30, 2017

 

This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) is not a prospectus and should be read in conjunction with the prospectus of the Sandalwood Opportunity Fund (the “Fund”) dated January 30, 2017. The Fund’s Prospectus is hereby incorporated by reference, which means it is legally part of this SAI. You can obtain copies of the Fund’s prospectus, annual or semiannual report without charge by contacting the Fund’s Transfer Agent, Gemini Fund Services, LLC, 17605 Wright Street, Suite 2, Omaha, Nebraska 68130 or by calling 1-888-868-9501. You may also obtain a prospectus by visiting the Fund’s website at www.sandalwoodfund.com.

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

THE FUND 1
TYPES OF INVESTMENTS 2
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS 26
POLICIES AND PROCEDURES FOR DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS 27
MANAGEMENT 29
CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS 35
INVESTMENT ADVISER AND SUB-ADVISERS 36
DISTRIBUTION OF SHARES 40
PORTFOLIO MANAGERS 43
ALLOCATION OF PORTFOLIO BROKERAGE 47
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER 48
OTHER SERVICE PROVIDERS 48
DESCRIPTION OF SHARES 50
ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING PROGRAM 51
PURCHASE, REDEMPTION AND PRICING OF SHARES 51
TAX STATUS 55
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM 61
LEGAL COUNSEL 61
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 61
APPENDIX A – DESCRIPTION OF BOND RATINGS A-1
APPENDIX B –ADVISER’S PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES B-1
PRIMARY SUB-ADVISER’S PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES B-10
SUB-ADVISERS’ PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES B-13
 
 

THE FUND

 

The Sandalwood Opportunity Fund is a diversified series of Northern Lights Fund Trust, a Delaware statutory trust organized on January 19, 2005 (the “Trust”). The Trust is registered as an open-end management investment company. The Trust is governed by its Board of Trustees (the “Board” or “Trustees” or “Board of Trustees”).

 

The Fund may issue an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest. All shares of the Fund have equal rights and privileges. Each share of the Fund is entitled to one vote on all matters as to which shares are entitled to vote. In addition, each share of the Fund is entitled to participate equally with other shares on a class-specific basis (i) in dividends and distributions declared by the Fund and (ii) on liquidation to its proportionate share of the assets remaining after satisfaction of outstanding liabilities. Shares of the Fund are fully paid, non-assessable and fully transferable when issued and have no pre-emptive, conversion or exchange rights. Fractional shares have proportionately the same rights, including voting rights, as are provided for a full share.

 

The Fund currently offers three classes of shares: Class A, Class C and Class I shares. Each share class represents an interest in the same assets of the Fund, has the same rights and is identical in all material respects except that (i) each class of shares may be subject to different (or no) sales loads, (ii) each class of shares may bear different distribution fees; (iii) certain other class specific expenses will be borne solely by the class to which such expenses are attributable, including transfer agent fees attributable to a specific class of shares, printing and postage expenses related to preparing and distributing materials to current shareholders of a specific class, registration fees incurred by a specific class of shares, the expenses of administrative personnel and services required to support the shareholders of a specific class, litigation or other legal expenses relating to a class of shares, Trustees’ fees or expenses incurred as a result of issues relating to a specific class of shares and accounting fees and expenses relating to a specific class of shares and (iv) each class has exclusive voting rights with respect to matters relating to its own distribution arrangements. The Board of Trustees may classify and reclassify the shares of the Fund into additional classes of shares at a future date.

 

Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC (“Princeton” or the “Adviser”) is the Fund’s investment adviser. The Fund’s investment objective, restrictions and policies are more fully described here and in the Prospectus. The Board may start other series and offer shares of a new fund under the Trust at any time. The Board of Trustees may classify and reclassify the shares of the Fund into additional classes at a future date.

 

Under the Trust’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust, each Trustee will continue in office until the termination of the Trust or his/her earlier death, incapacity, resignation or removal. Shareholders can remove a Trustee to the extent provided by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. Vacancies may be filled by a majority of the remaining Trustees, except insofar as the 1940 Act may require the election by shareholders. As a result, normally no annual or regular meetings of shareholders will be held unless matters arise requiring a vote of shareholders under the Agreement and Declaration of Trust or the 1940 Act.

 

1 
 

TYPES OF INVESTMENTS

 

The investment objective of the Fund and a description of its principal investment strategies are set forth under “Risk/Return Summary” in the Prospectus. The Fund’s investment objective is not “fundamental” and may be changed without the approval of a majority of its outstanding voting securities.

 

The following information describes securities in which the Fund may invest.

 

Equity Securities

 

The Fund may also invest in long/short equity strategies which seek returns by investing in equities that are undervalued and short selling equities that are considered overvalued. This strategy also may attempt to neutralize exposure to general market risk by investing in equities that are undervalued and taking a short position in an equity market index. Equity long/short strategies seek returns by investing long in equities that are undervalued and short selling equities that are considered overvalued.

 

Equity securities include common stocks, preferred stocks and securities convertible into common stocks, such as convertible bonds, warrants, rights and options. The value of equity securities varies in response to many factors, including the activities and financial condition of individual companies, the business market in which individual companies compete and general market and economic conditions. Equity securities fluctuate in value, often based on factors unrelated to the value of the issuer of the securities, and such fluctuations can be significant.

 

Common Stock

 

Common stock represents an equity (ownership) interest in a company, and usually possesses voting rights and earns dividends. Dividends on common stock are not fixed but are declared at the discretion of the issuer. Common stock generally represents the riskiest investment in a company. In addition, common stock generally has the greatest appreciation and depreciation potential because increases and decreases in earnings are usually reflected in a company’s stock price.

 

The Fund may invest in preferred stock with a minimum credit rating of investment grade. Preferred stock is a class of stock having a preference over common stock as to the payment of dividends and the recovery of investment should a company be liquidated, although preferred stock is usually junior to the debt securities of the issuer. Preferred stock typically does not possess voting rights and its market value may change based on changes in interest rates.

 

The fundamental risk of investing in common and preferred stock is the risk that the value of the stock might decrease. Stock values fluctuate in response to the activities of an individual company or in response to general market and/or economic conditions. Historically, common stocks have provided greater long-term returns and have entailed greater short-term risks than preferred stocks, fixed-income securities and money market investments. The market value of all securities, including common and preferred stocks, is based upon the market’s perception of value and not necessarily the book value of an issuer or other objective measures of a company’s worth.

 

2 
 

Convertible Securities

 

The Fund may invest in convertible securities and non-investment grade convertible securities. Convertible securities include fixed income securities that may be exchanged or converted into a predetermined number of shares of the issuer’s underlying common stock at the option of the holder during a specified period. Convertible securities may take the form of convertible preferred stock, convertible bonds or debentures, units consisting of “usable” bonds and warrants or a combination of the features of several of these securities. Convertible securities are senior to common stocks in an issuer’s capital structure, but are usually subordinated to similar non-convertible securities. While providing a fixed-income stream (generally higher in yield than the income derivable from common stock but lower than that afforded by a similar nonconvertible security), a convertible security also gives an investor the opportunity, through its conversion feature, to participate in the capital appreciation of the issuing company depending upon a market price advance in the convertible security’s underlying common stock.

 

Warrants

 

The Fund may invest in warrants. Warrants are options to purchase common stock at a specific price (usually at a premium above the market value of the optioned common stock at issuance) valid for a specific period of time. Warrants may have a life ranging from less than one year to twenty years, or they may be perpetual. However, most warrants have expiration dates after which they are worthless. In addition, a warrant is worthless if the market price of the common stock does not exceed the warrant’s exercise price during the life of the warrant. Warrants have no voting rights, pay no dividends, and have no rights with respect to the assets of the corporation issuing them. The percentage increase or decrease in the market price of the warrant may tend to be greater than the percentage increase or decrease in the market price of the optioned common stock.

 

Fixed Income Securities

 

Yields on fixed income securities are dependent on a variety of factors, including the general conditions of the money market and other fixed income securities markets, the size of a particular offering, the maturity of the obligation and the rating of the issue. An investment in the Fund will be subjected to risk even if all fixed income securities in the Fund’s portfolio are paid in full at maturity. All fixed income securities, including U.S. Government securities, can change in value when there is a change in interest rates or the issuer’s actual or perceived creditworthiness or ability to meet its obligations.

 

There is normally an inverse relationship between the market value of securities sensitive to prevailing interest rates and actual changes in interest rates. In other words, an increase in interest rates produces a decrease in market value. The longer the remaining maturity (and duration) of a security, the greater will be the effect of interest rate changes on the market value of that security. Changes in the ability of an issuer to make payments of interest and principal and in the markets’ perception of an issuer’s creditworthiness will also affect the market value of the debt securities of that issuer. Obligations of issuers of fixed income securities (including municipal securities) are subject to the provisions of bankruptcy, insolvency, and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors, such as the Federal Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. In addition, the obligations of municipal issuers may become subject to laws enacted in the future by Congress, state legislatures, or referenda extending the time for payment of principal and/or interest, or imposing other constraints upon enforcement of such obligations or upon the ability of municipalities to levy taxes. Changes in

3 
 

the ability of an issuer to make payments of interest and principal and in the market’s perception of an issuer’s creditworthiness will also affect the market value of the debt securities of that issuer. The possibility exists, therefore, that, the ability of any issuer to pay, when due, the principal of and interest on its debt securities may become impaired.

 

The corporate debt securities in which the Fund may invest include corporate bonds and notes and short-term investments such as commercial paper and variable rate demand notes. Commercial paper (short-term promissory notes) is issued by companies to finance their or their affiliate’s current obligations and is frequently unsecured. Variable and floating rate demand notes are unsecured obligations redeemable upon not more than 30 days’ notice. These obligations include master demand notes that permit investment of fluctuating amounts at varying rates of interest pursuant to a direct arrangement with the issuer of the instrument. The issuer of these obligations often has the right, after a given period, to prepay the outstanding principal amount of the obligations upon a specified number of days’ notice. These obligations generally are not traded, nor generally is there an established secondary market for these obligations. To the extent a demand note does not have a 7-day or shorter demand feature and there is no readily available market for the obligation, it is treated as an illiquid security.

 

Foreign Securities

 

General. The Fund may invest in foreign securities and exchange traded funds (“ETFs”) and other investment companies that hold a portfolio of foreign securities. Investing in securities of foreign companies and countries involves certain considerations and risks that are not typically associated with investing in U.S. government securities and securities of domestic companies. There may be less publicly available information about a foreign issuer than a domestic one, and foreign companies are not generally subject to uniform accounting, auditing and financial standards and requirements comparable to those applicable to U.S. companies. There may also be less government supervision and regulation of foreign securities exchanges, brokers and listed companies than exists in the United States. Interest and dividends paid by foreign issuers may be subject to withholding and other foreign taxes, which may decrease the net return on such investments as compared to dividends and interest paid to the Fund by domestic companies or the U.S. government. There may be the possibility of expropriations, seizure or nationalization of foreign deposits, confiscatory taxation, political, economic or social instability or diplomatic developments that could affect assets of the Fund held in foreign countries. Finally, the establishment of exchange controls or other foreign governmental laws or restrictions could adversely affect the payment of obligations.

 

To the extent the Fund’s currency exchange transactions do not fully protect the Fund against adverse changes in currency exchange rates, decreases in the value of currencies of the foreign countries in which the Fund will invest relative to the U.S. dollar will result in a corresponding decrease in the U.S. dollar value of the Fund’s assets denominated in those currencies (and possibly a corresponding increase in the amount of securities required to be liquidated to meet distribution requirements). Conversely, increases in the value of currencies of the foreign countries in which the Fund invests relative to the U.S. dollar will result in a corresponding increase in the U.S. dollar value of the Fund’s assets (and possibly a corresponding decrease in the amount of securities to be liquidated).

 

Emerging Markets Securities. The Fund may purchase emerging market securities and ETFs and closed end funds that invest in emerging market securities. Investing in emerging market securities imposes risks different from, or greater than, risks of investing in foreign developed countries. These risks include: smaller market capitalization of securities markets, which may suffer

4 
 

periods of relative illiquidity; significant price volatility; restrictions on foreign investment; possible repatriation of investment income and capital. In addition, foreign investors may be required to register the proceeds of sales; future economic or political crises could lead to price controls, forced mergers, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, seizure, nationalization, or creation of government monopolies. The currencies of emerging market countries may experience significant declines against the U.S. dollar, and devaluation may occur subsequent to investments in these currencies by the Fund. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had, and may continue to have, negative effects on the economies and securities markets of certain emerging market countries.

 

Additional risks of emerging markets securities may include: greater social, economic and political uncertainty and instability; more substantial governmental involvement in the economy; less governmental supervision and regulation; unavailability of currency hedging techniques; companies that are newly organized and small; differences in auditing and financial reporting standards, which may result in unavailability of material information about issuers; and less developed legal systems. In addition, emerging securities markets may have different clearance and settlement procedures, which may be unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions or otherwise make it difficult to engage in such transactions. Settlement problems may cause the Fund to miss attractive investment opportunities, hold a portion of its assets in cash pending investment, or be delayed in disposing of a portfolio security. Such a delay could result in possible liability to a purchaser of the security.

 

Depositary Receipts

 

The Fund may invest in sponsored and unsponsored American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), which are receipts issued by an American bank or trust company evidencing ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign issuer. ADRs, in registered form, are designed for use in U.S. securities markets. Unsponsored ADRs may be created without the participation of the foreign issuer. Holders of these ADRs generally bear all the costs of the ADR facility, whereas foreign issuers typically bear certain costs in a sponsored ADR. The bank or trust company depositary of an unsponsored ADR may be under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications received from the foreign issuer or to pass through voting rights. Many of the risks described above regarding foreign securities apply to investments in ADRs.

 

Debt Securities

 

The Fund may invest in debt securities, including non-investment grade debt securities. The following describes some of the risks associated with fixed income debt securities:

 

Interest Rate Risk. Debt securities have varying levels of sensitivity to changes in interest rates. In general, the price of a debt security can fall when interest rates rise and can rise when interest rates fall. Securities with longer maturities and mortgage securities can be more sensitive to interest rate changes although they usually offer higher yields to compensate investors for the greater risks. The longer the maturity of the security, the greater the impact a change in interest rates could have on the security’s price. In addition, short-term and long-term interest rates do not necessarily move in the same amount or the same direction. Short-term securities tend to react to changes in short-term interest rates and long-term securities tend to react to changes in long-term interest rates.

 

Credit Risk. Fixed income securities have speculative characteristics and changes in economic conditions or other circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of those issuers to make principal or interest payments, as compared to issuers of more highly rated securities.

 

5 
 

Extension Risk. The Fund is subject to the risk that an issuer will exercise its right to pay principal on an obligation held by the Fund (such as mortgage-backed securities) later than expected. This may happen when there is a rise in interest rates. These events may lengthen the duration (i.e. interest rate sensitivity) and potentially reduce the value of these securities.

 

Prepayment Risk. Certain types of debt securities, such as mortgage-backed securities, have yield and maturity characteristics corresponding to underlying assets. Unlike traditional debt securities, which may pay a fixed rate of interest until maturity when the entire principal amount comes due, payments on certain mortgage-backed securities may include both interest and a partial payment of principal. Besides the scheduled repayment of principal, payments of principal may result from the voluntary prepayment, refinancing, or foreclosure of the underlying mortgage loans.

 

Securities subject to prepayment are less effective than other types of securities as a means of “locking in” attractive long-term interest rates. One reason is the need to reinvest prepayments of principal; another is the possibility of significant unscheduled prepayments resulting from declines in interest rates. These prepayments would have to be reinvested at lower rates. As a result, these securities may have less potential for capital appreciation during periods of declining interest rates than other securities of comparable maturities, although they may have a similar risk of decline in market value during periods of rising interest rates. Prepayments may also significantly shorten the effective maturities of these securities, especially during periods of declining interest rates. Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates, a reduction in prepayments may increase the effective maturities of these securities, subjecting them to a greater risk of decline in market value in response to rising interest rates than traditional debt securities, and, therefore, potentially increasing the volatility of the Fund.

 

At times, some of the mortgage-backed securities or other fixed income securities in which the Fund may invest will have higher than market interest rates and therefore will be purchased at a premium above their par value. Prepayments may cause losses in securities purchased at a premium, as unscheduled prepayments, which are made at par, will cause the Fund to experience a loss equal to any unamortized premium.

 

Certificates of Deposit and Bankers’ Acceptances

 

The Fund may invest in certificates of deposit and bankers’ acceptances, which are considered to be short-term money market instruments.

 

Certificates of deposit are receipts issued by a depository institution in exchange for the deposit of funds. The issuer agrees to pay the amount deposited plus interest to the bearer of the receipt on the date specified on the certificate. The certificate usually can be traded in the secondary market prior to maturity. Bankers’ acceptances typically arise from short-term credit arrangements designed to enable businesses to obtain funds to finance commercial transactions. Generally, an acceptance is a time draft drawn on a bank by an exporter or an importer to obtain a stated amount of funds to pay for specific merchandise. The draft is then “accepted” by a bank that, in effect, unconditionally guarantees to pay the face value of the instrument on its maturity date. The acceptance may then be held by the accepting bank as an earning asset or it may be sold in the secondary market at the going rate of discount for a specific maturity. Although maturities for acceptances can be as long as 270 days, most acceptances have maturities of six months or less.

 

6 
 

Commercial Paper

 

The Fund may purchase commercial paper. Commercial paper consists of short-term (usually from 1 to 270 days) unsecured promissory notes issued by corporations in order to finance their current operations.

 

Time Deposits and Variable Rate Notes

 

The Fund may invest in fixed time deposits, whether or not subject to withdrawal penalties.

 

The commercial paper obligations, which the Fund may buy are unsecured and may include variable rate notes. The nature and terms of a variable rate note (i.e., a “Master Note”) permit the Fund to invest fluctuating amounts at varying rates of interest pursuant to a direct arrangement between the Fund as Lender, and the issuer, as borrower. It permits daily changes in the amounts borrowed. The Fund has the right at any time to increase, up to the full amount stated in the note agreement, or to decrease the amount outstanding under the note. The issuer may prepay at any time and without penalty any part of or the full amount of the note. The note may or may not be backed by one or more bank letters of credit. Because these notes are direct lending arrangements between the Fund and the issuer, it is not generally contemplated that they will be traded; moreover, there is currently no secondary market for them. Except as specifically provided in the Prospectus, there is no limitation on the type of issuer from whom these notes may be purchased; however, in connection with such purchase and on an ongoing basis, the Fund’s advisor will consider the earning power, cash flow and other liquidity ratios of the issuer, and its ability to pay principal and interest on demand, including a situation in which all holders of such notes made demand simultaneously. Variable rate notes are subject to the Fund’s investment restriction on illiquid securities unless such notes can be put back to the issuer on demand within seven days.

 

Insured Bank Obligations

 

The Fund may invest in insured bank obligations. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insures the deposits of federally insured banks and savings and loan associations (collectively referred to as “banks”) up to $250,000. The Fund may purchase bank obligations that are fully insured as to principal by the FDIC. Currently, to remain fully insured as to principal, these investments must be limited to $250,000 per bank; if the principal amount and accrued interest together exceed $250,000, the excess principal and accrued interest will not be insured. Insured bank obligations may have limited marketability.

 

United States Government Obligations

 

These consist of various types of marketable securities issued by the United States Treasury, i.e., bills, notes and bonds. Such securities are direct obligations of the United States government and differ mainly in the length of their maturity. Treasury bills, the most frequently issued marketable government security, have a maturity of up to one year and are issued on a discount basis. The Fund may also invest in Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (“TIPS”). TIPS are special types of treasury bonds that were created in order to offer bond investors protection from inflation. The values of the TIPS are automatically adjusted to the inflation rate as measured by the Consumer Price Index (“CPI”). If the CPI goes up by half a percent, the value of the bond (the TIPS) would also go up by half a percent. If the CPI falls, the value of the bond does not fall because the government guarantees that the original investment will stay the same. TIPS decline in value when real interest rates rise.

7 
 

However, in certain interest rate environments, such as when real interest rates are rising faster than nominal interest rates, TIPS may experience greater losses than other fixed income securities with similar duration.

 

United States Government Agency

 

These consist of debt securities issued by agencies and instrumentalities of the United States government, including the various types of instruments currently outstanding or which may be offered in the future. Agencies include, among others, the Federal Housing Administration, government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”), Farmer’s Home Administration, Export-Import Bank of the United States, Maritime Administration, and General Services Administration. Instrumentalities include, for example, each of the Federal Home Loan Banks, the National Bank for Cooperatives, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”), the Farm Credit Banks, the Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”), and the United States Postal Service. These securities are either: (i) backed by the full faith and credit of the United States government (e.g., United States Treasury Bills); (ii) guaranteed by the United States Treasury (e.g., GNMA mortgage-backed securities); (iii) supported by the issuing agency’s or instrumentality’s right to borrow from the United States Treasury (e.g., FNMA Discount Notes); or (iv) supported only by the issuing agency’s or instrumentality’s own credit (e.g., Tennessee Valley Association). On September 7, 2008, the U.S. Treasury Department and the Federal Housing Finance Authority (the “FHFA”) announced that FNMA and FHLMC had been placed into conservatorship, a statutory process designed to stabilize a troubled institution with the objective of returning the entity to normal business operations. The U.S. Treasury Department and the FHFA at the same time established a secured lending facility and a Secured Stock Purchase Agreement with both FNMA and FHLMC to ensure that each entity had the ability to fulfill its financial obligations. The FHFA announced that it does not anticipate any disruption in pattern of payments or ongoing business operations of FNMA or FHLMC.

 

Government-related guarantors (i.e. not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government) include FNMA and FHLMC. FNMA is a government-sponsored corporation owned entirely by private stockholders. It is subject to general regulation by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. FNMA purchases conventional (i.e., not insured or guaranteed by any government agency) residential mortgages from a list of approved seller/servicers which include state and federally chartered savings and loan associations, mutual savings banks, commercial banks and credit unions and mortgage bankers. Pass-through securities issued by FNMA are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest by FNMA but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government.

 

FHLMC was created by Congress in 1970 for the purpose of increasing the availability of mortgage credit for residential housing. It is a government-sponsored corporation formerly owned by the twelve Federal Home Loan Banks and now owned entirely by private stockholders. FHLMC issues Participation Certificates (“PCs”), which represent interests in conventional mortgages from FHLMC’s national portfolio. FHLMC guarantees the timely payment of interest and ultimate collection of principal, but PCs are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government. Commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, private mortgage insurance companies, mortgage bankers and other secondary market issuers also create pass-through pools of conventional residential mortgage loans. Such issuers may, in addition, be the originators and/or servicers of the underlying mortgage loans as well as the guarantors of the mortgage-related securities. Pools created by such nongovernmental issuers generally offer a higher rate of interest than government and government-related pools because there are no direct or indirect government or agency

8 
 

guarantees of payments in the former pools. However, timely payment of interest and principal of these pools may be supported by various forms of insurance or guarantees, including individual loan, title, pool and hazard insurance and letters of credit. The insurance and guarantees are issued by governmental entities, private insurers and the mortgage poolers.

 

Mortgage Pass-Through Securities

 

Interests in pools of mortgage pass-through securities differ from other forms of debt securities (which normally provide periodic payments of interest in fixed amounts and the payment of principal in a lump sum at maturity or on specified call dates). Instead, mortgage pass-through securities provide monthly payments consisting of both interest and principal payments. In effect, these payments are a “pass-through” of the monthly payments made by the individual borrowers on the underlying residential mortgage loans, net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of such securities. Unscheduled payments of principal may be made if the underlying mortgage loans are repaid or refinanced or the underlying properties are foreclosed, thereby shortening the securities’ weighted average life. Some mortgage pass-through securities (such as securities guaranteed by GNMA) are described as “modified pass-through securities.” These securities entitle the holder to receive all interest and principal payments owed on the mortgage pool, net of certain fees, on the scheduled payment dates regardless of whether the mortgagor actually makes the payment.

 

The principal governmental guarantor of mortgage pass-through securities is GNMA. GNMA is authorized to guarantee, with the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury, the timely payment of principal and interest on securities issued by lending institutions approved by GNMA (such as savings and loan institutions, commercial banks and mortgage bankers) and backed by pools of mortgage loans. These mortgage loans are either insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the Veterans Administration. A “pool” or group of such mortgage loans is assembled and after being approved by GNMA, is offered to investors through securities dealers.

 

Government-related guarantors of mortgage pass-through securities (i.e., not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury) include FNMA and FHLMC. FNMA is a government-sponsored corporation owned entirely by private stockholders. It is subject to general regulation by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. FNMA purchases conventional (i.e., not insured or guaranteed by any government agency) residential mortgages from a list of approved sellers/servicers which include state and federally chartered savings and loan associations, mutual savings banks, commercial banks and credit unions and mortgage bankers. Mortgage pass-through securities issued by FNMA are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest by FNMA but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury.

 

FHLMC was created by Congress in 1970 for the purpose of increasing the availability of mortgage credit for residential housing. It is a U.S. government-sponsored corporation formerly owned by the twelve Federal Home Loan Banks and now owned entirely by private stockholders. FHLMC issues Participation Certificates (“PCs”), which represent interests in conventional mortgages from FHLMC’s national portfolio. FHLMC guarantees the timely payment of interest and ultimate collection of principal, but PCs are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury.

 

Commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, private mortgage insurance companies, mortgage bankers and other secondary market issuers also create pass-through pools of conventional residential mortgage loans. Such issuers may, in addition, be the originators and/or

9 
 

servicers of the underlying mortgage loans as well as the guarantors of the mortgage pass-through securities.

 

Asset-Backed Debt Obligations and Mortgage-Backed Securities. Asset-backed debt obligations represent direct or indirect participation in, or are secured by and payable from, assets such as motor vehicle installment sales contracts, other installment loan contracts, home equity loans, leases of various types of property and receivables from credit card or other revolving credit arrangements.  The credit quality of most asset-backed securities depends primarily on the credit quality of the assets underlying such securities, how well the entity issuing the security is insulated from the credit risk and bankruptcy of the originator or any other affiliated entities and the amount and quality of any credit enhancement of the securities.  Payments or distributions of principal and interest on asset-backed debt obligations may be supported by non-governmental credit enhancements including letters of credit, reserve funds, over-collateralization and guarantees by third parties.  The market for privately issued asset-backed debt obligations is smaller and less liquid than the market for government sponsored mortgage-backed securities.

 

Mortgage-backed securities represent direct or indirect participations in, or are secured by and payable from, mortgage loans secured by real property, and include single- and multi-class pass-through securities and Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (“CMOs”).  Such securities may be issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or instrumentalities, such as the Government National Mortgage Association and the Federal National Mortgage Association, or by private issuers, generally originators and investors in mortgage loans, including savings associations, mortgage bankers, commercial banks, investment bankers and special purpose entities (collectively, “private lenders”).  Mortgage-backed securities issued by private lenders may be supported by pools of mortgage loans or other mortgage-backed securities that are guaranteed, directly or indirectly, by the U.S. Government or one of its agencies or instrumentalities, or they may be issued without any governmental guarantee of the underlying mortgage assets but with some form of non-governmental credit enhancement.

 

The rate of principal payment on mortgage- and asset-backed securities generally depends on the rate of principal payments received on the underlying assets, which in turn may be affected by a variety of economic and other factors.  As a result, the yield on any mortgage- or asset-backed security is difficult to predict with precision and actual yield to maturity may be more or less than the anticipated yield to maturity.  The yield characteristics of mortgage- and asset-backed debt obligations differ from those of traditional debt obligations.  Among the principal differences are that interest and principal payments are made more frequently on mortgage- and asset-backed debt obligations, usually monthly, and that principal may be prepaid at any time because the underlying assets generally may be prepaid at any time.  As a result, if these debt obligations or securities are purchased at a premium, a prepayment rate that is faster than expected will reduce yield to maturity, while a prepayment rate that is slower than expected will have the opposite effect of increasing the yield to maturity.  Conversely, if these debt obligations or securities are purchased at a discount, a prepayment rate that is faster than expected will increase yield to maturity, while a prepayment rate that is slower than expected will reduce yield to maturity.  Mortgage-backed securities available for reinvestment by the Fund are likely to be greater during a period of declining interest rates and, as a result, are likely to be reinvested at lower interest rates than during a period of rising interest rates.  Accelerated prepayments on debt obligations or securities purchased at a premium also impose a risk of loss of principal because the premium may not have been fully amortized at the time the principal is prepaid in full.  The market for privately issued mortgage-backed securities is smaller and less liquid than the market for government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities.

10 
 

 

While asset-backed securities may be issued with only one class of security, many asset-backed securities are issued in more than one class, each with different payment terms.  Mortgage-backed securities may be issued with either a single class of security or multiple classes, which are commonly referred to as a CMO.  Multiple class mortgage- and asset-backed securities are issued for two main reasons.  First, multiple classes may be used as a method of providing selective credit support.  This is accomplished typically through creation of one or more classes whose right to payments on the asset-backed security is made subordinate to the right to such payments of the remaining class or classes.  Second, multiple classes may permit the issuance of securities with payment terms, interest rates or other characteristics differing both from those of each other and from those of the underlying assets.  Examples include separate trading of registered interest and principal of securities (“STRIPS”) (mortgage- and asset-backed securities entitling the holder to disproportionate interests with respect to the allocation of interest and principal of the assets backing the security), and securities with class or classes having characteristics that mimic the characteristics of non-asset-backed securities, such as floating interest rates (i.e., interest rates that adjust as a specified benchmark changes) or scheduled amortization of principal.

 

The Fund may invest in stripped mortgage-backed securities, which receive differing proportions of the interest and principal payments from the underlying assets, including interest-only (“IO”) and principal-only (“PO”) securities.  IO and PO mortgage-backed securities may be illiquid.  The market value of such securities generally is more sensitive to changes in prepayment and interest rates than is the case with traditional mortgage-backed securities, and in some cases such market value may be extremely volatile.

 

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities backed by assets, other than as described above, or in which the payment streams on the underlying assets are allocated in a manner different than those described above may be issued in the future. The Fund may invest in such mortgage- and asset-backed securities if such investment is otherwise consistent with its investment objectives and policies and with the investment restrictions of the Fund.

 

If the Fund purchases mortgage- or asset-backed securities that are “subordinated” to other interests in the same mortgage pool, the Fund as a holder of those securities may only receive payments after the pool’s obligations to other investors have been satisfied.  An unexpectedly high rate of defaults on the mortgages held by a mortgage pool may substantially limit the pool’s ability to make payments of principal or interest to the Fund as a holder of such subordinated securities, reducing the values of those securities or in some cases rendering them worthless; the risk of such defaults is generally higher in the case of mortgage pools that include so called “subprime” mortgages.  An unexpectedly high or low rate of prepayments on a pool’s underlying mortgages may have a similar effect on subordinated securities.  A mortgage pool may issue securities subject to various levels of subordination; the risk of non-payment affects securities at each level, although the risk is greater in the case of more highly subordinated securities.

 

Resets. The interest rates paid on the Adjustable Rate Mortgage Securities (“ARMs”) in which the Fund may invest generally are readjusted or reset at intervals of one year or less to an increment over some predetermined interest rate index. There are two main categories of indices: those based on U.S. Treasury securities and those derived from a calculated measure, such as a cost of funds index or a moving average of mortgage rates. Commonly utilized indices include the one-year and five-year constant maturity Treasury Note rates, the three-month Treasury Bill rate, the 180-day Treasury Bill rate, rates on longer-term Treasury securities, the National Median Cost of Funds, the

11 
 

one-month or three-month London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), the prime rate of a specific bank, or commercial paper rates. Some indices, such as the one-year constant maturity Treasury Note rate, closely mirror changes in market interest rate levels. Others tend to lag changes in market rate levels and tend to be somewhat less volatile.

 

Caps and Floors. The underlying mortgages which collateralize the ARMs in which the Fund invests will frequently have caps and floors which limit the maximum amount by which the loan rate to the residential borrower may change up or down: (1) per reset or adjustment interval, and (2) over the life of the loan. Some residential mortgage loans restrict periodic adjustments by limiting changes in the borrower’s monthly principal and interest payments rather than limiting interest rate changes. These payment caps may result in negative amortization. The value of mortgage securities in which the Fund invests may be affected if market interest rates rise or fall faster and farther than the allowable caps or floors on the underlying residential mortgage loans. Additionally, even though the interest rates on the underlying residential mortgages are adjustable, amortization and prepayments may occur, thereby causing the effective maturities of the mortgage securities in which the Fund invests to be shorter than the maturities stated in the underlying mortgages.

 

High Yield Securities

 

The Fund may invest in high yield securities. High yield, high risk bonds are securities that are generally rated below investment grade by the primary rating agencies (BB+ or lower by S&P and Ba1 or lower by Moody’s). Other terms used to describe such securities include “lower rated bonds,” “non-investment grade bonds,” “below investment grade bonds,” and “junk bonds.” These securities are considered to be high-risk investments. The risks include the following:

 

Greater Risk of Loss. These securities are regarded as predominately speculative. There is a greater risk that issuers of lower rated securities will default than issuers of higher rated securities. Issuers of lower rated securities generally are less creditworthy and may be highly indebted, financially distressed, or bankrupt. These issuers are more vulnerable to real or perceived economic changes, political changes or adverse industry developments. In addition, high yield securities are frequently subordinated to the prior payment of senior indebtedness. If an issuer fails to pay principal or interest, the Fund would experience a decrease in income and a decline in the market value of its investments.

 

Sensitivity to Interest Rate and Economic Changes. The income and market value of lower-rated securities may fluctuate more than higher rated securities. Although non-investment grade securities tend to be less sensitive to interest rate changes than investment grade securities, non-investment grade securities are more sensitive to short-term corporate, economic and market developments. During periods of economic uncertainty and change, the market price of the investments in lower-rated securities may be volatile. The default rate for high yield bonds tends to be cyclical, with defaults rising in periods of economic downturn. For example, in 2000, 2001 and 2002, the default rate for high yield securities was significantly higher than in the prior or subsequent years.

Valuation Difficulties. It is often more difficult to value lower rated securities than higher rated securities. If an issuer’s financial condition deteriorates, accurate financial and business information may be limited or unavailable. In addition, the lower rated investments may be thinly traded and there may be no established secondary market. Because of the lack of market pricing and current information for investments in lower rated securities, valuation of such investments is much more dependent on judgment than is the case with higher rated securities.

12 
 

Liquidity. There may be no established secondary or public market for investments in lower rated securities. Such securities are frequently traded in markets that may be relatively less liquid than the market for higher rated securities. In addition, relatively few institutional purchasers may hold a major portion of an issue of lower-rated securities at times. As a result, the Fund may be required to sell investments at substantial losses or retain them indefinitely when an issuer’s financial condition is deteriorating.

Credit Quality. Credit quality of non-investment grade securities can change suddenly and unexpectedly, and even recently-issued credit ratings may not fully reflect the actual risks posed by a particular high-yield security.

New Legislation. Future legislation may have a possible negative impact on the market for high yield, high risk bonds. As an example, in the late 1980’s, legislation required federally-insured savings and loan associations to divest their investments in high yield, high risk bonds. New legislation, if enacted, could have a material negative effect on the Fund’s investments in lower rated securities.

High yield, high risk investments may include the following:

Straight fixed-income debt securities. These include bonds and other debt obligations that bear a fixed or variable rate of interest payable at regular intervals and have a fixed or resettable maturity date. The particular terms of such securities vary and may include features such as call provisions and sinking funds.

Zero-coupon debt securities. These bear no interest obligation but are issued at a discount from their value at maturity. When held to maturity, their entire return equals the difference between their issue price and their maturity value.

Zero-fixed-coupon debt securities. These are zero-coupon debt securities that convert on a specified date to interest-bearing debt securities.

Pay-in-kind bonds. These are bonds which allow the issuer, at its option, to make current interest payments on the bonds either in cash or in additional bonds. These are bonds sold without registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), usually to a relatively small number of institutional investors.

Convertible Securities. These are bonds or preferred stock that may be converted to common stock.

Preferred Stock. These are stocks that generally pay a dividend at a specified rate and have preference over common stock in the payment of dividends and in liquidation.

Loan Participations and Assignments. These are participations in, or assignments of all or a portion of loans to corporations or to governments, including governments of less developed countries (“LDCs”).

Securities issued in connection with Reorganizations and Corporate Restructurings. In connection with reorganizing or restructuring of an issuer, an issuer may issue common stock or other securities to holders of its debt securities. The Fund may hold such common stock and other securities even if it does not invest in such securities.

13 
 

Investment Companies

The Fund may invest in investment companies such as open-end funds (mutual funds), closed-end funds, and exchange traded funds (also referred to as “Underlying Funds”). The 1940 Act provides that the mutual funds may not: (1) purchase more than 3% of an investment company’s outstanding shares; (2) invest more than 5% of its assets in any single such investment company (the “5% Limit”), and (3) invest more than 10% of its assets in investment companies overall (the “10% Limit”), unless: (i) the underlying investment company and/or the Fund has received an order for exemptive relief from such limitations from the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”); and (ii) the underlying investment company and the Fund take appropriate steps to comply with any conditions in such order.

 

In addition, Section 12(d)(1)(F) of the 1940 Act provides that the provisions of paragraph 12(d)(1) shall not apply to securities purchased or otherwise acquired by the Fund if (i) immediately after such purchase or acquisition not more than 3% of the total outstanding stock of such registered investment company is owned by the Fund and all affiliated persons of the Fund; and (ii) the Fund has not, and is not proposing to offer or sell any security issued by it through a principal underwriter or otherwise at a public or offering price which includes a sales load of more than 1 ½% percent. An investment company that issues shares to the Fund pursuant to paragraph 12(d)(1)(F) shall not be required to redeem its shares in an amount exceeding 1% of such investment company’s total outstanding shares in any period of less than thirty days. The Fund (or the Adviser acting on behalf of the Fund) must comply with the following voting restrictions: when the Fund exercises voting rights, by proxy or otherwise, with respect to investment companies owned by the Fund, the Fund will either seek instruction from the Fund’s shareholders with regard to the voting of all proxies and vote in accordance with such instructions, or vote the shares held by the Fund in the same proportion as the vote of all other holders of such security.

Further, the Fund may rely on Rule 12d1-3, which allows unaffiliated mutual funds to exceed the 5% Limitation and the 10% Limitation, provided the aggregate sales loads any investor pays (i.e., the combined distribution expenses of both the acquiring fund and the acquired funds) does not exceed the limits on sales loads established by the NASD for funds of funds.

 

The Fund and any “affiliated persons,” as defined by the 1940 Act, may purchase in the aggregate only up to 3% of the total outstanding securities of any Underlying Fund. Accordingly, when affiliated persons hold shares of any of the Underlying Funds, the Fund’s ability to invest fully in shares of those funds is restricted, and the Adviser must then, in some instances, select alternative investments that would not have been its first preference. The 1940 Act also provides that an Underlying Fund whose shares are purchased by the Fund will be obligated to redeem shares held by the Fund only in an amount up to 1% of the Underlying Fund’s outstanding securities during any period of less than 30 days. Shares held by the Fund in excess of 1% of an Underlying Fund’s outstanding securities therefore, will be considered not readily marketable securities, which, together with other such securities, may not exceed 15% of the Fund’s total assets.

 

Under certain circumstances an Underlying Fund may determine to make payment of a redemption by the Fund wholly or partly by a distribution in kind of securities from its portfolio, in lieu of cash, in conformity with the rules of the SEC. In such cases, the Fund may hold securities distributed by an Underlying Fund until the Adviser determines that it is appropriate to dispose of such securities.

 

14 
 

Investment decisions by the investment advisors of the Underlying Funds are made independently of the Fund and the Adviser. Therefore, the investment advisor of one Underlying Fund may be purchasing shares of the same issuer whose shares are being sold by the investment advisor of another such fund. The result would be an indirect expense to the Fund without accomplishing any investment purpose. Because other investment companies employ an investment adviser, such investments by the Fund may cause shareholders to bear duplicate fees.

Closed-End Investment Companies. The Fund may invest its assets in “closed-end” investment companies (or “closed-end funds”), subject to the investment restrictions set forth above. Shares of closed-end funds are typically offered to the public in a one-time initial public offering by a group of underwriters who retain a spread or underwriting commission of between 4% or 6% of the initial public offering price. Such securities are then listed for trading on the New York Stock Exchange, the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System (commonly known as “NASDAQ”) and, in some cases, may be traded in other over-the-counter markets. Because the shares of closed-end funds cannot be redeemed upon demand to the issuer like the shares of an open-end investment company (such as the Fund), investors seek to buy and sell shares of closed-end funds in the secondary market.

 

The Fund generally will purchase shares of closed-end funds only in the secondary market. The Fund will incur normal brokerage costs on such purchases similar to the expenses the Fund would incur for the purchase of securities of any other type of issuer in the secondary market. The Fund may, however, also purchase securities of a closed-end fund in an initial public offering when, in the opinion of the Adviser, based on a consideration of the nature of the closed-end fund’s proposed investments, the prevailing market conditions and the level of demand for such securities, they represent an attractive opportunity for growth of capital. The initial offering price typically will include a dealer spread, which may be higher than the applicable brokerage cost if the Fund purchased such securities in the secondary market.

 

The shares of many closed-end funds, after their initial public offering, frequently trade at a price per share that is less than the net asset value per share, the difference representing the “market discount” of such shares. This market discount may be due in part to the investment objective of long-term appreciation, which is sought by many closed-end funds, as well as to the fact that the shares of closed-end funds are not redeemable by the holder upon demand to the issuer at the next determined net asset value but rather are subject to the principles of supply and demand in the secondary market. A relative lack of secondary market purchasers of closed-end fund shares also may contribute to such shares trading at a discount to their net asset value.

 

The Fund may invest in shares of closed-end funds that are trading at a discount to net asset value or at a premium to net asset value. There can be no assurance that the market discount on shares of any closed-end fund purchased by the Fund will ever decrease. In fact, it is possible that this market discount may increase and the Fund may suffer realized or unrealized capital losses due to further decline in the market price of the securities of such closed-end funds, thereby adversely affecting the net asset value of the Fund’s shares. Similarly, there can be no assurance that any shares of a closed-end fund purchased by the Fund at a premium will continue to trade at a premium or that the premium will not decrease subsequent to a purchase of such shares by the Fund.

 

Closed-end funds may issue senior securities (including preferred stock and debt obligations) for the purpose of leveraging the closed-end fund’s common shares in an attempt to enhance the current return to such closed-end fund’s common shareholders. The Fund’s investment in the common shares of closed-end funds that are financially leveraged may create an opportunity for

15 
 

greater total return on its investment, but at the same time may be expected to exhibit more volatility in market price and net asset value than an investment in shares of investment companies without a leveraged capital structure.

 

Exchange Traded Funds. ETFs are passive funds that track their related index and have the flexibility of trading like a security. They are managed by professionals and provide the investor with diversification, cost and tax efficiency, liquidity, marginability, are useful for hedging, have the ability to go long and short, and some provide quarterly dividends. Additionally, some ETFs are unit investment trusts (“UITs”), which are unmanaged portfolios overseen by trustees. ETFs generally have two markets. The primary market is where institutions swap “creation units” in block-multiples of 50,000 shares for in-kind securities and cash in the form of dividends. The secondary market is where individual investors can trade as little as a single share during trading hours on the exchange. This is different from open-ended mutual funds that are traded after hours once the net asset value (“NAV”) is calculated. ETFs share many similar risks with open-end and closed-end funds.

 

There is a risk that any ETFs in which the Fund invests may terminate due to extraordinary events that may cause any of the service providers to the ETFs, such as the trustee or sponsor, to close or otherwise fail to perform their obligations to the ETF. Also, because the ETFs in which the Fund intends to principally invest may be granted licenses by agreement to use the indices as a basis for determining their compositions and/or otherwise to use certain trade names, the ETFs may terminate if such license agreements are terminated. In addition, an ETF may terminate if its entire net asset value falls below a certain amount. Although the Fund believes that, in the event of the termination of an underlying ETF, it will be able to invest instead in shares of an alternate ETF tracking the same market index or another market index with the same general market, there is no guarantee that shares of an alternate ETF would be available for investment at that time. To the extent the Fund invests in a sector product, the Fund is subject to the risks associated with that sector.

 

Securities Options

 

The Fund may purchase and write (i.e., sell) put and call options. Such options may relate to particular securities or stock indices, and may or may not be listed on a domestic or foreign securities exchange and may or may not be issued by the Options Clearing Corporation. Options trading is a highly specialized activity that entails greater than ordinary investment risk. Options may be more volatile than the underlying instruments, and therefore, on a percentage basis, an investment in options may be subject to greater fluctuation than an investment in the underlying instruments themselves.

 

A call option for a particular security gives the purchaser of the option the right to buy, and the writer (seller) the obligation to sell, the underlying security at the stated exercise price at any time prior to the expiration of the option, regardless of the market price of the security. The premium paid to the writer is in consideration for undertaking the obligation under the option contract. A put option for a particular security gives the purchaser the right to sell the security at the stated exercise price at any time prior to the expiration date of the option, regardless of the market price of the security.

Stock index options are put options and call options on various stock indices. In most respects, they are identical to listed options on common stocks. The primary difference between stock options and index options occurs when index options are exercised. In the case of stock options, the underlying security, common stock, is delivered. However, upon the exercise of an index option, settlement does not occur by delivery of the securities comprising the index. The option holder who

16 
 

exercises the index option receives an amount of cash if the closing level of the stock index upon which the option is based is greater than, in the case of a call, or less than, in the case of a put, the exercise price of the option. This amount of cash is equal to the difference between the closing price of the stock index and the exercise price of the option expressed in dollars times a specified multiple. A stock index fluctuates with changes in the market value of the stocks included in the index. For example, some stock index options are based on a broad market index, such as the Standard & Poor’s 500® Index or the Value Line Composite Index or a narrower market index, such as the Standard & Poor’s 100®. Indices may also be based on an industry or market segment, such as the AMEX Oil and Gas Index or the Computer and Business Equipment Index. Options on stock indices are currently traded on the Chicago Board Options Exchange, the New York Stock Exchange, and the NASDAQ PHLX.

The Fund’s obligation to sell an instrument subject to a call option written by it, or to purchase an instrument subject to a put option written by it, may be terminated prior to the expiration date of the option by the Fund’s execution of a closing purchase transaction, which is effected by purchasing on an exchange an option of the same series (i.e., same underlying instrument, exercise price and expiration date) as the option previously written. A closing purchase transaction will ordinarily be effected to realize a profit on an outstanding option, to prevent an underlying instrument from being called, to permit the sale of the underlying instrument or to permit the writing of a new option containing different terms on such underlying instrument. The cost of such a liquidation purchase plus transactions costs may be greater than the premium received upon the original option, in which event the Fund will have incurred a loss in the transaction. There is no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for any particular option. An option writer unable to effect a closing purchase transaction will not be able to sell the underlying instrument or liquidate the assets held in a segregated account, as described below, until the option expires or the optioned instrument is delivered upon exercise. In such circumstances, the writer will be subject to the risk of market decline or appreciation in the instrument during such period.

If an option purchased by the Fund expires unexercised, the Fund realizes a loss equal to the premium paid. If the Fund enters into a closing sale transaction on an option purchased by it, the Fund will realize a gain if the premium received by the Fund on the closing transaction is more than the premium paid to purchase the option or a loss if it is less. If an option written by the Fund expires on the stipulated expiration date or if the Fund enters into a closing purchase transaction, it will realize a gain (or loss if the cost of a closing purchase transaction exceeds the net premium received when the option is sold). If an option written by the Fund is exercised, the proceeds of the sale will be increased by the net premium originally received and the Fund will realize a gain or loss.

Certain Risks Regarding Options. There are several risks associated with transactions in options. For example, there are significant differences between the securities and options markets that could result in an imperfect correlation between these markets, causing a given transaction not to achieve its objectives. In addition, a liquid secondary market for particular options, whether traded over-the-counter or on an exchange, may be absent for reasons which include the following: there may be insufficient trading interest in certain options; restrictions may be imposed by an exchange on opening transactions or closing transactions or both; trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series of options or underlying securities or currencies; unusual or unforeseen circumstances may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; the facilities of an exchange or the Options Clearing Corporation may not at all times be adequate to handle current trading value; or one or more exchanges could, for economic or other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading of options (or a particular class or series of options), in which event the secondary market on that exchange (or in that class or series of

17 
 

options) would cease to exist, although outstanding options that had been issued by the Options Clearing Corporation as a result of trades on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.

Successful use by the Fund of options on stock indices will be subject to the ability of the advisor to correctly predict movements in the directions of the stock market. This requires different skills and techniques than predicting changes in the prices of individual securities. In addition, the Fund’s ability to effectively hedge all or a portion of the securities in its portfolio, in anticipation of or during a market decline, through transactions in put options on stock indices, depends on the degree to which price movements in the underlying index correlate with the price movements of the securities held by the Fund. Inasmuch as the Fund’s securities will not duplicate the components of an index, the correlation will not be perfect. Consequently, the Fund bears the risk that the prices of its securities being hedged will not move in the same amount as the prices of its put options on the stock indices. It is also possible that there may be a negative correlation between the index and the Fund’s securities that would result in a loss on both such securities and the options on stock indices acquired by the Fund.

The hours of trading for options may not conform to the hours during which the underlying securities are traded. To the extent that the options markets close before the markets for the underlying securities, significant price and rate movements can take place in the underlying markets that cannot be reflected in the options markets. The purchase of options is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The purchase of stock index options involves the risk that the premium and transaction costs paid by the Fund in purchasing an option will be lost as a result of unanticipated movements in prices of the securities comprising the stock index on which the option is based.

There is no assurance that a liquid secondary market on an options exchange will exist for any particular option, or at any particular time, and for some options no secondary market on an exchange or elsewhere may exist. If the Fund is unable to close out a call option on securities that it has written before the option is exercised, the Fund may be required to purchase the optioned securities in order to satisfy its obligation under the option to deliver such securities. If the Fund was unable to effect a closing sale transaction with respect to options on securities that it has purchased, it would have to exercise the option in order to realize any profit and would incur transaction costs upon the purchase and sale of the underlying securities.

Cover for Options Positions. Transactions using options (other than options that an Fund has purchased) expose the Fund to an obligation to another party. The Fund will not enter into any such transactions unless it owns either (i) an offsetting (“covered”) position in securities or other options or (ii) cash or liquid securities with a value sufficient at all times to cover its potential obligations not covered as provided in (i) above. The Fund will comply with SEC guidelines regarding cover for these instruments and, if the guidelines so require, set aside cash or liquid securities in a segregated account with the Custodian in the prescribed amount. Under current SEC guidelines, the Fund will segregate assets to cover transactions in which the Fund writes or sells options.

Assets used as cover or held in a segregated account cannot be sold while the position in the corresponding option is open, unless they are replaced with similar assets. As a result, the commitment of a large portion of the Fund’s assets to cover or segregated accounts could impede portfolio management or the Fund’s ability to meet redemption requests or other current obligations.

18 
 

Options on Futures Contracts. The Fund may purchase and sell options on the same types of futures in which it may invest. Options on futures are similar to options on underlying instruments except that options on futures give the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a position in a futures contract (a long position if the option is a call and a short position if the option is a put), rather than to purchase or sell the futures contract, at a specified exercise price at any time during the period of the option. Upon exercise of the option, the delivery of the futures position by the writer of the option to the holder of the option will be accompanied by the delivery of the accumulated balance in the writer’s futures margin account which represents the amount by which the market price of the futures contract, at exercise, exceeds (in the case of a call) or is less than (in the case of a put) the exercise price of the option on the futures contract. Purchasers of options who fail to exercise their options prior to the exercise date suffer a loss of the premium paid.

 

Dealer Options

 

The Fund may engage in transactions involving dealer options as well as exchange-traded options. Certain additional risks are specific to dealer options. While the Fund might look to a clearing corporation to exercise exchange-traded options, if the Fund were to purchase a dealer option it would need to rely on the dealer from which it purchased the option to perform if the option were exercised. Failure by the dealer to do so would result in the loss of the premium paid by the Fund as well as loss of the expected benefit of the transaction.

 

Exchange-traded options generally have a continuous liquid market while dealer options may not. Consequently, the Fund may generally be able to realize the value of a dealer option it has purchased only by exercising or reselling the option to the dealer who issued it. Similarly, when the Fund writes a dealer option, the Fund may generally be able to close out the option prior to its expiration only by entering into a closing purchase transaction with the dealer to whom the Fund originally wrote the option. While the Fund will seek to enter into dealer options only with dealers who will agree to and which are expected to be capable of entering into closing transactions with the Fund, there can be no assurance that the Fund will at any time be able to liquidate a dealer option at a favorable price at any time prior to expiration. Unless the Fund, as a covered dealer call option writer, is able to effect a closing purchase transaction, it will not be able to liquidate securities (or other assets) used as cover until the option expires or is exercised. In the event of insolvency of the other party, the Fund may be unable to liquidate a dealer option. With respect to options written by the Fund, the inability to enter into a closing transaction may result in material losses to the Fund. For example, because the Fund must maintain a secured position with respect to any call option on a security it writes, the Fund may not sell the assets that it has segregated to secure the position while it is obligated under the option. This requirement may impair the Fund’s ability to sell portfolio securities at a time when such sale might be advantageous.

 

The Staff of the SEC has taken the position that purchased dealer options are illiquid securities. The Fund may treat the cover used for written dealer options as liquid if the dealer agrees that the Fund may repurchase the dealer option it has written for a maximum price to be calculated by a predetermined formula. In such cases, the dealer option would be considered illiquid only to the extent the maximum purchase price under the formula exceeds the intrinsic value of the option. Accordingly, the Fund will treat dealer options as subject to the Fund’s limitation on illiquid securities. If the SEC changes its position on the liquidity of dealer options, an Fund will change its treatment of such instruments accordingly.

 

 

19 
 

Spread Transactions

 

The Fund may purchase covered spread options from securities dealers. These covered spread options are not presently exchange-listed or exchange-traded. The purchase of a spread option gives the Fund the right to put securities that it owns at a fixed dollar spread or fixed yield spread in relationship to another security that the Fund does not own, but which is used as a benchmark. The risk to the Fund, in addition to the risks of dealer options described above, is the cost of the premium paid as well as any transaction costs. The purchase of spread options will be used to protect the Fund against adverse changes in prevailing credit quality spreads, i.e., the yield spread between high quality and lower quality securities. This protection is provided only during the life of the spread options.

 

Repurchase Agreements

 

The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements. In a repurchase agreement, an investor (such as the Fund) purchases a security (known as the “underlying security”) from a securities dealer or bank. Any such dealer or bank must be deemed creditworthy by the Adviser. At that time, the bank or securities dealer agrees to repurchase the underlying security at a mutually agreed upon price on a designated future date. The repurchase price may be higher than the purchase price, the difference being income to the Fund, or the purchase and repurchase prices may be the same, with interest at an agreed upon rate due to the Fund on repurchase. In either case, the income to the Fund generally will be unrelated to the interest rate on the underlying securities. Repurchase agreements must be “fully collateralized,” in that the market value of the underlying securities (including accrued interest) must at all times be equal to or greater than the repurchase price. Therefore, a repurchase agreement can be considered a loan collateralized by the underlying securities.

 

Repurchase agreements are generally for a short period of time, often less than a week, and will generally be used by the Fund to invest excess cash or as part of a temporary defensive strategy. Repurchase agreements that do not provide for payment within seven days will be treated as illiquid securities. In the event of a bankruptcy or other default by the seller of a repurchase agreement, the Fund could experience both delays in liquidating the underlying security and losses. These losses could result from: (a) possible decline in the value of the underlying security while the Fund is seeking to enforce its rights under the repurchase agreement; (b) possible reduced levels of income or lack of access to income during this period; and (c) expenses of enforcing its rights.

 

Futures Contracts

 

A futures contract provides for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a specific financial instrument (e.g., units of a stock index) for a specified price, date, time and place designated at the time the contract is made. Brokerage fees are incurred when a futures contract is bought or sold and margin deposits must be maintained. Entering into a contract to buy is commonly referred to as buying or purchasing a contract or holding a long position. Entering into a contract to sell is commonly referred to as selling a contract or holding a short position.

 

Unlike when the Fund purchases or sells a security, no price would be paid or received by the Fund upon the purchase or sale of a futures contract. Upon entering into a futures contract, and to maintain the Fund’s open positions in futures contracts, the Fund would be required to deposit with its custodian or futures broker in a segregated account in the name of the futures broker an amount of cash, U.S. government securities, suitable money market instruments, or other liquid securities,

20 
 

known as “initial margin.” The margin required for a particular futures contract is set by the exchange on which the contract is traded, and may be significantly modified from time to time by the exchange during the term of the contract. Futures contracts are customarily purchased and sold on margins that may range upward from less than 5% of the value of the contract being traded.

 

If the price of an open futures contract changes (by increase in underlying instrument or index in the case of a sale or by decrease in the case of a purchase) so that the loss on the futures contract reaches a point at which the margin on deposit does not satisfy margin requirements, the broker will require an increase in the margin. However, if the value of a position increases because of favorable price changes in the futures contract so that the margin deposit exceeds the required margin, the broker will pay the excess to the Fund.

 

These subsequent payments, called “variation margin,” to and from the futures broker, are made on a daily basis as the price of the underlying assets fluctuate making the long and short positions in the futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as “marking to the market.” The Fund expects to earn interest income on its margin deposits.

 

Although certain futures contracts, by their terms, require actual future delivery of and payment for the underlying instruments, in practice most futures contracts are usually closed out before the delivery date. Closing out an open futures contract purchase or sale is effected by entering into an offsetting futures contract sale or purchase, respectively, for the same aggregate amount of the identical underlying instrument or index and the same delivery date. If the offsetting purchase price is less than the original sale price, the Fund realizes a gain; if it is more, the Fund realizes a loss. Conversely, if the offsetting sale price is more than the original purchase price, the Fund realizes a gain; if it is less, the Fund realizes a loss. The transaction costs must also be included in these calculations. There can be no assurance, however, that the Fund will be able to enter into an offsetting transaction with respect to a particular futures contract at a particular time. If the Fund is not able to enter into an offsetting transaction, the Fund will continue to be required to maintain the margin deposits on the futures contract.

 

For example, one contract in the Financial Times Stock Exchange 100 Index future is a contract to buy 25 pounds sterling multiplied by the level of the UK Financial Times 100 Share Index on a given future date. Settlement of a stock index futures contract may or may not be in the underlying instrument or index. If not in the underlying instrument or index, then settlement will be made in cash, equivalent over time to the difference between the contract price and the actual price of the underlying asset at the time the stock index futures contract expires.

 

Regulation as a Commodity Pool Operator

The Trust, on behalf of the Fund, has filed with the National Futures Association, a notice claiming an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the Commodity Exchange Act, as amended, and the rules of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission promulgated thereunder, with respect to the Fund’s operations. Accordingly, the Fund is not subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool operator.

 

When-Issued, Forward Commitments and Delayed Settlements

 

The Fund may purchase and sell securities on a when-issued, forward commitment or delayed settlement basis. In this event, the Custodian (as defined under the section entitled “Custodian”) will segregate liquid assets equal to the amount of the commitment in a separate account. Normally, the Custodian will set aside portfolio securities to satisfy a purchase commitment. In such a case, the

21 
 

Fund may be required subsequently to segregate additional assets in order to assure that the value of the account remains equal to the amount of the Fund’s commitment. It may be expected that the Fund’s net assets will fluctuate to a greater degree when it sets aside portfolio securities to cover such purchase commitments than when it sets aside cash.

 

The Fund does not intend to engage in these transactions for speculative purposes but only in furtherance of its investment objectives. Because the Fund will segregate liquid assets to satisfy its purchase commitments in the manner described, the Fund’s liquidity and the ability of the Fund’s adviser to manage them may be affected in the event the Fund’s forward commitments, commitments to purchase when-issued securities and delayed settlements ever exceeded 15% of the value of its net assets.

 

The Fund will purchase securities on a when-issued, forward commitment or delayed settlement basis only with the intention of completing the transaction. If deemed advisable as a matter of investment strategy, however, the Fund may dispose of or renegotiate a commitment after it is entered into, and may sell securities it has committed to purchase before those securities are delivered to the Fund on the settlement date. In these cases the Fund may realize a taxable capital gain or loss. When the Fund engages in when-issued, forward commitment and delayed settlement transactions, it relies on the other party to consummate the trade. Failure of such party to do so may result in the Fund incurring a loss or missing an opportunity to obtain a price credited to be advantageous.

 

The market value of the securities underlying a when-issued purchase, forward commitment to purchase securities, or a delayed settlement and any subsequent fluctuations in their market value is taken into account when determining the market value of the Fund starting on the day the Fund agrees to purchase the securities. The Fund does not earn interest on the securities it has committed to purchase until it has paid for and delivered on the settlement date.

 

Illiquid and Restricted Securities

 

The Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities. Illiquid securities include securities subject to contractual or legal restrictions on resale (e.g., because they have not been registered under the Securities Act) and securities that are otherwise not readily marketable (e.g., because trading in the security is suspended or because market makers do not exist or will not entertain bids or offers). Securities that have not been registered under the Securities Act are referred to as private placements or restricted securities and are purchased directly from the issuer or in the secondary market. Foreign securities that are freely tradable in their principal markets are not considered to be illiquid.

 

Restricted and other illiquid securities may be subject to the potential for delays on resale and uncertainty in valuation. The Fund might be unable to dispose of illiquid securities promptly or at reasonable prices and might thereby experience difficulty in satisfying redemption requests from shareholders. The Underlying Fund might have to register restricted securities in order to dispose of them, resulting in additional expense and delay. Adverse market conditions could impede such a public offering of securities.

 

A large institutional market exists for certain securities that are not registered under the Securities Act, including foreign securities. The fact that there are contractual or legal restrictions on resale to the general public or to certain institutions may not be indicative of the liquidity of such investments. Rule 144A under the Securities Act allows such a broader institutional trading market for

22 
 

securities otherwise subject to restrictions on resale to the general public. Rule 144A establishes a “safe harbor” from the registration requirements of the Securities Act for resale of certain securities to qualified institutional buyers. Rule 144A has produced enhanced liquidity for many restricted securities, and market liquidity for such securities may continue to expand as a result of this regulation and the consequent existence of the PORTAL system, which is an automated system for the trading, clearance and settlement of unregistered securities of domestic and foreign issuers sponsored by NASDAQ.

 

(i)Under guidelines adopted by the Board, the adviser of the Fund may determine that particular Rule 144A securities, and commercial paper issued in reliance on the private placement exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act, are liquid even though they are not registered. A determination of whether such a security is liquid or not is a question of fact. In making this determination, the adviser will consider, as it deems appropriate under the circumstances and among other factors: (1) the frequency of trades and quotes for the security; (2) the number of dealers willing to purchase or sell the security; (3) the number of other potential purchasers of the security; (4) dealer undertakings to make a market in the security; (5) the nature of the security (e.g., debt or equity, date of maturity, terms of dividend or interest payments, and other material terms) and the nature of the marketplace trades (e.g., the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers, and the mechanics of transfer); and (6) the rating of the security and the financial condition and prospects of the issuer. In the case of commercial paper, the adviser will also determine that the paper (1) is not traded flat or in default as to principal and interest, and (2) is rated in one of the two highest rating categories by at least two National Statistical Rating Organization (“NRSRO”) or, if only one NRSRO rates the security, by that NRSRO, or, if the security is unrated, the adviser determines that it is of equivalent quality; and (3) the Adviser/sub-adviser’s decision takes into account all relevant factors of the trading market for the specific security.

 

Rule 144A securities and Section 4(a)(2) commercial paper that have been deemed liquid as described above will continue to be monitored by the Fund adviser to determine if the security is no longer liquid as the result of changed conditions. Investing in Rule 144A securities or Section 4(a)(2) commercial paper could have the effect of increasing the amount of the Fund’s assets invested in illiquid securities if institutional buyers are unwilling to purchase such securities.

 

Lending Portfolio Securities

 

For the purpose of achieving income, the Fund may lend its portfolio securities, provided (1) the loan is secured continuously by collateral consisting of U.S. Government securities or cash or cash equivalents (cash, U.S. Government securities, negotiable certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances or letters of credit) maintained on a daily mark-to-market basis in an amount at least equal to the current market value of the securities loaned, (2) the Fund may at any time call the loan and obtain the return of securities loaned, (3) the Fund will receive any interest or dividends received on the loaned securities, and (4) the aggregate value of the securities loaned will not at any time exceed one-third of the total assets of the Fund.

 

 

 

 

 

23 
 

Short Sales

 

The Fund may sell securities short. A short sale is a transaction in which the Fund sells a security it does not own or have the right to acquire (or that it owns but does not wish to deliver) in anticipation that the market price of that security will decline.

 

When the Fund makes a short sale, the broker-dealer through which the short sale is made must borrow the security sold short and deliver it to the party purchasing the security. The Fund is required to make a margin deposit in connection with such short sales; the Fund may have to pay a fee to borrow particular securities and will often be obligated to pay over any dividends and accrued interest on borrowed securities.

 

If the price of the security sold short increases between the time of the short sale and the time the Fund covers its short position, the Fund will incur a loss; conversely, if the price declines, the Fund will realize a capital gain. Any gain will be decreased, and any loss increased, by the transaction costs described above. The successful use of short selling may be adversely affected by imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the security sold short and the securities being hedged.

 

To the extent the Fund sells securities short, it will provide collateral to the broker-dealer and (except in the case of short sales “against the box”) will maintain additional asset coverage in the form of cash, U.S. government securities or other liquid securities with its custodian in a segregated account in an amount at least equal to the difference between the current market value of the securities sold short and any amounts required to be deposited as collateral with the selling broker (not including the proceeds of the short sale). The Fund does not intend to enter into short sales (other than short sales “against the box”) if immediately after such sales the aggregate of the value of all collateral plus the amount in such segregated account exceeds 50% of the value of the Fund’s net assets. This percentage may be varied by action of the Board of Trustees. A short sale is “against the box” to the extent the Fund contemporaneously owns, or has the right to obtain at no added cost, securities identical to those sold short.

 

Swap Agreements

 

The Fund may enter into interest rate, index and currency exchange rate swap agreements in an attempt to obtain a particular desired return at a lower cost to the Fund than if it had invested directly in an instrument that yielded that desired return. Swap agreements are two-party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors for periods ranging from a few weeks to more than one year. In a standard “swap” transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of returns) earned or realized on particular predetermined investments or instruments. The gross returns to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties are calculated with respect to a “notional amount,” i.e., the return on or increase in value of a particular dollar amount invested at a particular interest rate, in a particular foreign currency, or in a “basket” of securities representing a particular index. The “notional amount” of the swap agreement is only a fictive basis on which to calculate the obligations the parties to a swap agreement have agreed to exchange. The Fund’s obligations (or rights) under a swap agreement will generally be equal only to the amount to be paid or received under the agreement based on the relative values of the positions held by each party to the agreement (the “net amount”). The Fund’s obligations under a swap agreement will be accrued daily (offset against any amounts owing to the Fund) and any accrued but unpaid net amounts owed

24 
 

to a swap counterparty will be covered by the maintenance of a segregated account consisting of cash, U.S. government securities, or other liquid securities, to avoid leveraging of the Fund’s portfolio.

 

Whether the Fund’s use of swap agreements enhance the Fund’s total return will depend on the adviser’s ability correctly to predict whether certain types of investments are likely to produce greater returns than other investments. Because they are two-party contracts and may have terms of greater than seven days, swap agreements may be considered to be illiquid. Moreover, the Fund bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a swap agreement in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a swap agreement counterparty. The Fund’s adviser will cause the Fund to enter into swap agreements only with counterparties that would be eligible for consideration as repurchase agreement counterparties under the Fund’s repurchase agreement guidelines. The swap market is a relatively new market and is largely unregulated. It is possible that developments in the swaps market, including potential government regulation, could adversely affect the Fund’s ability to terminate existing swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such agreements.

 

Certain swap agreements are exempt from most provisions of the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”) and, therefore, are not regulated as futures or commodity option transactions under the CEA, pursuant to regulations of the CFTC. To qualify for this exemption, a swap agreement must be entered into by “eligible participants,” which include the following, provided the participants’ total assets exceed established levels: a bank or trust company, savings association or credit union, insurance company, investment company subject to regulation under the 1940 Act, commodity pool, corporation, partnership, proprietorship, organization, trust or other entity, employee benefit plan, governmental entity, broker-dealer, futures commission merchant, natural person, or regulated foreign person. To be eligible, natural persons and most other entities must have total assets exceeding $10 million; commodity pools and employees benefit plans must have assets exceeding $5 million. In addition, an eligible swap transaction must meet three conditions. First, the swap agreement may not be part of a fungible class of agreements that are standardized as to their material economic terms. Second, the creditworthiness of parties with actual or potential obligations under the swap agreement must be a material consideration in entering into or determining the terms of the swap agreement, including pricing, cost or credit enhancement terms. Third, swap agreements may not be entered into and traded on or through a multilateral transaction execution facility.

 

Certain Investment Techniques and Derivatives Risk

 

When the Adviser or a sub-adviser uses investment techniques such as margin, leverage and short sales, and forms of financial derivatives, such as options and futures, an investment in the Fund may be more volatile than investments in other mutual funds. Although the intention is to use such investment techniques and derivatives to minimize risk to the Fund, as well as for speculative purposes, there is the possibility that improper implementation of such techniques and derivative strategies or unusual market conditions could result in significant losses to the Fund. Derivatives are used to limit risk in the Fund or to enhance investment return and have a return tied to a formula based upon an interest rate, index, price of a security, or other measurement. Derivatives involve special risks, including: (1) the risk that interest rates, securities prices and currency markets will not move in the direction that a portfolio manager anticipates; (2) imperfect correlation between the price of derivative instruments and movements in the prices of the securities, interest rates or currencies being hedged; (3) the fact that skills needed to use these strategies are different than those needed to select portfolio securities; (4) the possible absence of a liquid secondary market for any particular instrument and possible exchange imposed price fluctuation limits, either of which may make it difficult or impossible to close out a position when desired; (5) the risk that adverse price movements in an instrument can result in a loss substantially greater than the Fund’s initial investment in that

25 
 

instrument (in some cases, the potential loss in unlimited); (6) particularly in the case of privately-negotiated instruments, the risk that the counterparty will not perform its obligations, or that penalties could be incurred for positions held less than the required minimum holding period, which could leave the Fund worse off than if it had not entered into the position; and (7) the inability to close out certain hedged positions to avoid adverse tax consequences. In addition, the use of derivatives for non-hedging purposes (that is, to seek to increase total return) is considered a speculative practice and may present an even greater risk of loss than when used for hedging purposes.

 

INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS

 

The Fund has adopted the following investment restrictions that may not be changed without approval by a “majority of the outstanding shares” of the Fund which, as used in this SAI, means the vote of the lesser of (a) 67% or more of the shares of the Fund represented at a meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund are present or represented by proxy, or (b) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund.

 

1. Borrowing Money. The Fund will not borrow money, except: (a) from a bank, provided that immediately after such borrowing there is an asset coverage of 300% for all borrowings of the Fund; or (b) from a bank or other persons for temporary purposes only, provided that such temporary borrowings are in an amount not exceeding 5% of the Fund’s total assets at the time when the borrowing is made.

 

2. Senior Securities. The Fund will not issue senior securities. This limitation is not applicable to activities that may be deemed to involve the issuance or sale of a senior security by the Fund, provided that the Fund’s engagement in such activities is consistent with or permitted by the 1940 Act, as amended, the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder or interpretations of the SEC or its staff.

 

3. Underwriting. The Fund will not act as underwriter of securities issued by other persons. This limitation is not applicable to the extent that, in connection with the disposition of portfolio securities (including restricted securities), the Fund may be deemed an underwriter under certain federal securities laws.

 

4. Real Estate. The Fund will not purchase or sell real estate. This limitation is not applicable to investments in marketable securities that are secured by or represent interests in real estate. This limitation does not preclude the Fund from investing in mortgage-related securities or investing in companies engaged in the real estate business or that have a significant portion of their assets in real estate (including real estate investment trusts).

 

5. Commodities. The Fund will not purchase or sell commodities unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other investments. This limitation does not preclude the Fund from purchasing or selling options or futures contracts, from investing in securities or other instruments backed by commodities or from investing in companies which are engaged in a commodities business or have a significant portion of their assets in commodities.

 

6. Loans. The Fund will not make loans to other persons, except: (a) by loaning portfolio securities; (b) by engaging in repurchase agreements; or (c) by purchasing nonpublicly offered debt securities. For purposes of this limitation, the term “loans” shall not include the purchase of a portion of an issue of publicly distributed bonds, debentures or other securities.

 

26 
 

7. Concentration. The Fund will not invest 25% or more of its total assets in a particular industry or group of industries. This limitation is not applicable to investments in obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies and instrumentalities or repurchase agreements with respect thereto.

 

THE FOLLOWING ARE ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS OF THE FUND. THE FOLLOWING RESTRICTIONS ARE DESIGNATED AS NON-FUNDAMENTAL AND MAY BE CHANGED BY THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE TRUST WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF SHAREHOLDERS.

 

1. Pledging. The Fund will not mortgage, pledge, hypothecate or in any manner transfer, as security for indebtedness, any assets of the Fund except as may be necessary in connection with borrowings described in limitation (1) above. Margin deposits, security interests, liens and collateral arrangements with respect to transactions involving options, futures contracts, short sales and other permitted investments and techniques are not deemed to be a mortgage, pledge or hypothecation of assets for purposes of this limitation.

 

2. Borrowing. The Fund will not purchase any security while borrowings representing more than one third of its total assets are outstanding.

 

3. Margin Purchases. The Fund will not purchase securities or evidences of interest thereon on “margin.” This limitation is not applicable to short-term credit obtained by a Fund for the clearance of purchases and sales or redemption of securities, or to arrangements with respect to transactions involving options, futures contracts, short sales and other permitted investment techniques.

 

4. Illiquid Investments. The Fund will not hold 15% or more of its net assets in securities for which there are legal or contractual restrictions on resale and other illiquid securities.

 

If a restriction on the Fund’s investments is adhered to at the time an investment is made, a subsequent change in the percentage of Fund assets invested in certain securities or other instruments, or change in average duration of the Fund’s investment portfolio, resulting from changes in the value of the Fund’s total assets, will not be considered a violation of the restriction; provided, however, that the asset coverage requirement applicable to borrowings shall be maintained in the manner contemplated by applicable law.

 

POLICIES AND PROCEDURES FOR DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS

 

The Trust has adopted policies and procedures that govern the disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings. These policies and procedures are designed to ensure that such disclosure is in the best interests of Fund shareholders.

 

It is the Trust’s policy to: (1) ensure that any disclosure of portfolio holdings information is in the best interest of Trust shareholders; (2) protect the confidentiality of portfolio holdings information; (3) have procedures in place to guard against personal trading based on the information; and (4) ensure that the disclosure of portfolio holdings information does not create conflicts between the interests of the Trust’s shareholders and those of the Trust’s affiliates.

 

The Fund discloses its portfolio holdings by mailing the annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders approximately two months after the end of the fiscal year and semi-annual period. In

27 
 

addition, the Fund discloses its portfolio holdings reports on Forms N-CSR and Form N-Q two months after the end of each quarter/semi-annual period.

 

The Fund may choose to make portfolio holdings information available to rating agencies such as Lipper, Morningstar or Bloomberg earlier and more frequently on a confidential basis.

 

Under limited circumstances, as described below, the Fund’s portfolio holdings may be disclosed to, or known by, certain third parties in advance of their filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission on Form N-CSR or Form N-Q. In each case, a determination has been made that such advance disclosure is supported by a legitimate business purpose and that the recipient is subject to a duty to keep the information confidential.

 

The Adviser and Sub-Advisers. Personnel of the Adviser and sub-advisers, including personnel responsible for managing the Fund’s portfolio, may have full daily access to Fund portfolio holdings since that information is necessary in order for the Adviser and sub-advisers to provide their management, administrative, and investment services to the Fund. As required for purposes of analyzing the impact of existing and future market changes on the prices, availability, demand and liquidity of such securities, as well as for the assistance of portfolio managers in the trading of such securities, Adviser and sub-adviser personnel may also release and discuss certain portfolio holdings with various broker-dealers. A sub-adviser may also release portfolio information to certain service providers for risk assessment, so long as a non-disclosure agreement has been executed.

 

Gemini Fund Services, LLC. Gemini Fund Services, LLC is the transfer agent, fund accountant, administrator and custody administrator for the Fund; therefore, its personnel have full daily access to the Fund’s portfolio holdings because that information is necessary in order for them to provide the agreed-upon services for the Trust.

 

MUFG Union Bank, N.A. MUFG Union Bank, N.A. is custodian for the Fund; therefore, its personnel have full daily access to the Fund’s portfolio holdings because that information is necessary in order for them to provide the agreed-upon services for the Trust.

 

RSM US LLP. RSM US LLP is the Fund’s registered independent public accounting firm; therefore, its personnel have access to the Fund’s portfolio holdings in connection with auditing of the Fund’s annual financial statements and providing other audit, tax and related services to the Fund.

 

Thompson Hine LLP. Thompson Hine LLP is counsel to the Fund; therefore, its personnel have access to the Fund’s portfolio holdings in connection with review of the Fund’s annual and semi-annual shareholder reports and SEC filings.

 

Counsel to the Trust and Counsel to the Independent Trustees. Counsel to the Independent Trustees and its respective personnel have access to the Fund's portfolio holdings in connection with the review of the Fund's annual and semi-annual shareholder reports and SEC filings.

 

Additions to List of Approved Recipients. The Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer is the person responsible, and whose prior approval is required, for any disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio securities at any time or to any persons other than those described above. In such cases, the recipient must have a legitimate business need for the information and must be subject to a duty to keep the information confidential. There is currently one such arrangement in place with respect to the disclosure of portfolio holdings, to a sub-adviser service provider that provides portfolio risk

28 
 

analysis, and a non-disclosure agreement has been executed with respect to the portfolio holdings. In no event shall the Fund, the Adviser, or any other party receive any direct or indirect compensation in connection with the disclosure of information about the Fund’s portfolio holdings.

 

Compliance With Portfolio Holdings Disclosure Procedures. The Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer will report periodically to the Board with respect to compliance with the Fund’s portfolio holdings disclosure procedures, and from time to time will provide the Board any updates to the portfolio holdings disclosure policies and procedures.

 

There is no assurance that the Trust’s policies on disclosure of portfolio holdings will protect the Fund from the potential misuse of holdings information by individuals or firms in possession of that information.

 

MANAGEMENT

 

The business of the Trust is managed under the direction of the Board in accordance with the Agreement and Declaration of Trust and the Trust’s By-laws (the “Governing Documents”), which have been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and are available upon request. The Board consists of seven (7) individuals, at least six (6) of whom are not “interested persons” (as defined under the 1940 Act) of the Trust, the Adviser and sub-advisers (“Independent Trustees”). Pursuant to the Governing Documents of the Trust, the Trustees shall elect officers including a President, a Secretary, a Treasurer, a Principal Executive Officer and a Principal Accounting Officer. The Board retains the power to conduct, operate and carry on the business of the Trust and has the power to incur and pay any expenses, which, in the opinion of the Board, are necessary or incidental to carry out any of the Trust’s purposes. The Trustees, officers, employees and agents of the Trust, when acting in such capacities, shall not be subject to any personal liability except for his or her own bad faith, willful misfeasance, gross negligence or reckless disregard of his or her duties.

 

Board Leadership Structure

 

The Trust is led by Anthony Hertl, an Independent Trustee, who has served as the Chairman of the Board since July 2013. The Board of Trustees is comprised of Mr. Hertl, five (5) additional Independent Trustees, and one (1) Interested Trustee. Andrew Rogers, the Interested Trustee, is the Chief Executive Officer of Gemini Fund Services, LLC, and President of the Trust. Additionally, under certain 1940 Act governance guidelines that apply to the Trust, the Independent Trustees will meet in executive session, at least quarterly. Under the Trust’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust and By-Laws, the Chairman of the Board is responsible for (a) presiding at board meetings, (b) calling special meetings on an as-needed basis, and (c) execution and administration of Trust policies including (i) setting the agendas for board meetings and (ii) providing information to board members in advance of each board meeting and between board meetings. Generally, the Trust believes it best to have a non-executive Chairman of the Board, who together with the President (principal executive officer), are seen by our shareholders, business partners and other stakeholders as providing strong leadership. The Trust believes that its Chairman, the independent chair of the Audit Committee, and, as an entity, the full Board of Trustees, provide effective leadership that is in the best interests of the Trust, its Funds and each shareholder.

 

 

 

 

29 
 

Board Risk Oversight

 

The Board of Trustees has a standing independent Audit Committee with a separate chair, Mark H. Taylor. The Board is responsible for overseeing risk management, and the full Board regularly engages in discussions of risk management and receives compliance reports that inform its oversight of risk management from its Chief Compliance Officer at quarterly meetings and on an ad hoc basis, when and if necessary. The Audit Committee considers financial and reporting risk within its area of responsibilities. Generally, the Board believes that its oversight of material risks is adequately maintained through the compliance-reporting chain where the Chief Compliance Officer is the primary recipient and communicator of such risk-related information.

 

Trustee Qualifications

 

Generally, the Trust believes that each Trustee is competent to serve because of their individual overall merits including: (i) experience, (ii) qualifications, (iii) attributes and (iv) skills. Mr. Hertl has over 20 years of business experience in financial services industry and related fields including serving as chair of the finance committee for the Borough of Interlaken, New Jersey and Vice President-Finance and Administration of Marymount College, holds a Certified Public Accountant designation, serves or has served as a member of other mutual fund boards outside of the Fund Complex and possesses a strong understanding of the regulatory framework under which investment companies must operate based on his years of service to this Board and other fund boards. Gary W. Lanzen has over 20 years of business experience in the financial services industry, holds a Master’s degree in Education Administration, is a Certified Financial Planner ("CFP"), serves as a member of two other mutual fund boards outside of the Fund Complex and possesses a strong understanding of the regulatory framework under which investment companies must operate based on his years of service to this Board and other mutual fund boards. Mark H. Taylor, has over two decades of academic and professional experience in the accounting and auditing areas, has Doctor of Philosophy, a Master’s and Bachelor degrees in Accounting, is a Certified Public Accountant and is Professor of Accountancy at the Weatherhead School of Management at Case Western Reserve University. He serves as a member of two other mutual fund boards outside of the Fund Complex, has served a fellowship in the Office of the Chief Accountant at the headquarters of the United States Securities Exchange Commission, served a three-year term on the AICPA Auditing Standards Board (2008-2011), and like the other Board members, possesses a strong understanding of the regulatory framework under which investment companies must operate based on his years of service to this Board and other mutual fund boards. John V. Palancia has over 30 years of business experience in financial services industry including serving as the Director of Futures Operations for Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc. Mr. Palancia holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Economics. He also possesses a strong understanding of risk management, balance sheet analysis and the regulatory framework under which regulated financial entities must operate based on service to Merrill Lynch. Additionally, he is well versed in the regulatory framework under which investment companies must operate and serves as a member of three other fund boards. Andrew Rogers has more than 20 years of experience in the financial services industry and has served as the President of the Trust since 2006. Mr. Rogers is also currently the Chief Executive Officer of Gemini Fund Services, LLC. Prior to joining Gemini Fund Services, LLC, he served in executive roles at J.P. Morgan Chase and Co. and Alliance Capital Management Holdings L.P. as Financial Reporting Manager. Mr. Rogers holds a Bachelor of Science in Accounting. Mark D. Gersten has more than 30 years of experience in the financial services industry, having served in executive roles at AllianceBernstein LP and holding key industry positions at Prudential-Bache Securities and PriceWaterhouseCoopers. He also serves as a member of two other mutual fund boards outside of the Fund Complex. Mr. Gersten is a certified

30 
 

public accountant and holds an MBA in accounting. Like other trustees, his experience has given him a strong understanding of the regulatory framework under which investment companies operate. Mark S. Garbin has more than 30 years of experience in corporate balance sheet and income statement risk management for large asset managers, serving as Managing Principal of Coherent Capital Management LLC since 2007. Mr. Garbin has extensive derivatives experience and has provided consulting services to alternative asset managers. He is both a Chartered Financial Analyst and Professional Risk Manager charterholder and holds advanced degrees in international business. The Trust does not believe any one factor is determinative in assessing a Trustee's qualifications, but that the collective experience of each Trustee makes them each highly qualified.

 

The following is a list of the Trustees and executive officers of the Trust and each person’s principal occupation over the last five years. Unless otherwise noted, the address of each Trustee and Officer is 17605 Wright Street, Suite 2, Omaha, Nebraska 68130.

 

Independent Trustees

Name, Address and Year of Birth Position/Term of Office* Principal Occupation During the Past Five Years Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex** Overseen by Trustee Other Directorships held by Trustee During the Past Five Years

Mark Garbin

Born in 1951

Trustee

Since 2013

Managing Principal, Coherent Capital Management LLC (since 2007).

7

 

 

Northern Lights Fund Trust (for series not affiliated with the Funds since 2013); Two Roads Shared Trust

(since 2012); Forethought Variable Insurance Trust (since 2013); Northern Lights Variable Trust (since 2013); OHA Mortgage Strategies Fund (offshore), Ltd. (since 2014); Altegris KKR Commitments Master Fund and Altegris KKR Commitments Fund (since 2014)

Mark D. Gersten
Born in 1950

Trustee

Since 2013

Independent Consultant (since 2012); Senior Vice President – Global Fund Administration Mutual Funds & Alternative Funds, AllianceBernstein LP (1985 – 2011). 7 Northern Lights Fund Trust (for series not affiliated with the Funds since 2013); Schroder Global Series Trust (since 2012); Two Roads Shared Trust (since 2012); Northern Lights Variable Trust (since 2013); Altegris KKR Commitments Master Fund;  Altegris KKR Commitments Fund (since 2014) and Ramius Archview Credit and Distressed Fund (since 2015)

Anthony J. Hertl

Born in 1950

Trustee

Since 2005; Chairman of the Board since 2013

Consultant to small and emerging businesses (since 2000).

 

7 Northern Lights Fund Trust (for series not affiliated with the Funds since 2005); AdvisorOne Funds (2004-2013); Alternative Strategies Fund (since 2010); Satuit Capital Management Trust (since 2007); Greenwich Advisers Trust (2007- February 2011); Global Real
31 
 

 

 

Estate Fund (2008-2011); The World Funds Trust (2010-2013); Northern Lights Variable Trust (since 2006)

Gary W. Lanzen

Born in 1954

Trustee

Since 2005

Retired since 2012.  Formerly, Founder, President, and Chief Investment Officer, Orizon Investment Counsel, Inc. (2000-2012). 7 Northern Lights Fund Trust (for series not affiliated with the Funds since 2005); AdvisorOne Funds (since 2003); Alternative Strategies Fund (since 2010); Northern Lights Variable Trust (since 2006); CLA Strategic Allocation Fund (2014-2015)

John V. Palancia

Born in 1954

Trustee

Since 2011

Retired (since 2011). Formerly, Director of Futures Operations, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Inc. (1975-2011). 7

Northern Lights Fund Trust (for series not affiliated with the Funds since 2011); Northern Lights Variable Trust (since 2011); Northern Lights Fund Trust III (since February 2012); Alternative Strategies Fund (since 2012)

 

Mark H. Taylor

Born in 1964

Trustee

Since 2007; Chairman of the Audit Committee since 2013

Andrew D. Braden Professor of Accounting and Auditing, Weatherhead School of Management, Case Western Reserve University (since 2009); President, Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association (2012-2015); Former member of the AICPA Auditing Standards Board, AICPA (2008-2011). 7 Northern Lights Fund Trust (for series not affiliated with the Funds since 2007); Alternative Strategies Fund (since 2010); Lifetime Achievement Mutual Fund, Inc. (2007-2012); Northern Lights Fund Trust III (since 2012); Northern Lights Variable Trust (since 2007)



Interested Trustees and Officers

Name, Address and Year of Birth Position/Term of Office* Principal Occupation During the Past Five Years Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex** Overseen by Trustee Other Directorships held by Trustee During the Past Five Years
Andrew Rogers***
80 Arkay Drive
Hauppauge, NY  11788
Born in 1969

Trustee Since 2013;
President
Since 2006

 

Chief Executive Officer, Gemini Alternative Funds, LLC (since 2013); Chief Executive Officer, Gemini Hedge Fund Services, LLC (since 2013); Chief Executive Officer, Gemini Fund Services, LLC (since 2012); President and Manager, Gemini Fund Services, LLC (2006 - 2012); Formerly President and Manager, Blu Giant, LLC (2004 - 2011). 7 Northern Lights Fund Trust (for series not affiliated with the Funds since 2013); Northern Lights Variable Trust (since 2013)
32 
 

 

Kevin E. Wolf
80 Arkay Drive
Hauppauge, NY  11788
Born in 1969

Treasurer
Since 2006

 

President, Gemini Fund Services, LLC (since 2012); Director of Fund Administration, Gemini Fund Services, LLC (2006 - 2012); and Vice-President, Blu Giant, (2004 - 2013). N/A N/A
James P. Ash
80 Arkay Drive
Hauppauge, NY  11788
Born in 1976
Secretary
Since 2011
Senior Vice President, Gemini Fund Services, LLC (since 2012); Vice President, Gemini Fund Services, LLC (2011 - 2012); Director of Legal Administration, Gemini Fund Services, LLC (2009 - 2011); Assistant Vice President of Legal Administration, Gemini Fund Services, LLC (2008 - 2011). N/A N/A
Lynn Bowley
17605 Wright Street Suite 2, Omaha, NE 68130
Born in 1958

Chief Compliance Officer
Since 2007

 

Senior Compliance Officer of Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC (since 2007).

 

N/A N/A

* The term of office for each Trustee and officer listed above will continue indefinitely until the individual resigns or is removed.

** As of December 31, 2016, the Trust was comprised of 87 active portfolios managed by unaffiliated investment advisers. The term “Fund Complex” applies only to the Funds. The Funds do not hold themselves out as related to any other series within the Trust for investment purposes, nor do they share the same investment adviser with any other series.

*** Andrew Rogers is an “Interested Trustee” of the Trust as that term is defined under the 1940 Act, because of his affiliation with Gemini Fund Services, LLC, (the Trust’s Administrator, Fund Accountant and Transfer Agent).

 

Board Committees

 

Audit Committee

 

The Board has an Audit Committee that consists of all the Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Trust within the meaning of the 1940 Act. The Audit Committee’s responsibilities include: (i) recommending to the Board the selection, retention or termination of the Trust’s independent auditors; (ii) reviewing with the independent auditors the scope, performance and anticipated cost of their audit; (iii) discussing with the independent auditors certain matters relating to the Trust’s financial statements, including any adjustment to such financial statements recommended by such independent auditors, or any other results of any audit; (iv) reviewing on a periodic basis a formal written statement from the independent auditors with respect to their independence, discussing with the independent auditors any relationships or services disclosed in the statement that may impact the objectivity and independence of the Trust’s independent auditors and recommending that the Board take appropriate action in response thereto to satisfy itself of the auditor’s independence; and (v) considering the comments of the independent auditors and management’s responses thereto with respect to the quality and adequacy of the Trust’s accounting and financial reporting policies and practices and internal controls. The Audit committee operates pursuant to an Audit Committee Charter. The Audit Committee is responsible for seeking and reviewing nominee candidates for consideration as Independent Trustees as is from time to time considered necessary or appropriate.

33 
 

The Audit Committee generally will not consider shareholder nominees. The Audit Committee is also responsible for reviewing and setting Independent Trustee compensation from time to time when considered necessary or appropriate. During the past fiscal year, the Audit Committee held twelve meetings.

 

Compensation

 

Effective January 1, 2017, each Trustee who is not affiliated with the Trust or an investment adviser to any series of the Trust will receive a quarterly fee of $35,875, allocated among each of the various portfolios comprising the Trust, for his attendance at the regularly scheduled meetings of the Board of Trustees, to be paid in advance of each calendar quarter, as well as reimbursement for any reasonable expenses incurred. Previously, each Trustee who is not affiliated with the Trust or an investment adviser to any series of the Trust received a quarterly fee of $32,162.50. In addition to the quarterly fees and reimbursements, the Chairman of the Board receives a quarterly fee of $8,200 and the Audit Committee Chairman receives a quarterly fee of $6,150.

 

Additionally, in the event a meeting of the Board of Trustees other than its regularly scheduled meetings (a “Special Meeting”) is required, each Independent Trustee will receive a fee of $2,500 per Special Meeting, as well as reimbursement for any reasonable expenses incurred, to be paid by the relevant series of the Trust or its investment adviser depending on the circumstances necessitating the Special Meeting.

 

The “interested persons” who serve as Trustees of the Trust receive no compensation for their services as Trustees. None of the executive officers receive compensation from the Trust.

 

The table below details the amount of compensation the Trustees received from the Sandalwood Opportunity Fund during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016. Each Independent Trustee attended all quarterly meetings during the period. The Trust does not have a bonus, profit sharing, pension or retirement plan.

 

Name and Position Sandalwood Opportunity Fund Deer Park Total Return Credit Fund Pension or Retirement Benefits Accrued as Part of Funds Expenses Estimated Annual Benefits Upon Retirement Total Compensation From Trust and Fund Complex*** Paid to Directors
Anthony J. Hertl $1,276 $3,503 None None $35,300
Gary Lanzen $1,074 $2,950 None None $19,955
Mark H. Taylor $1,142 $3,134 None None $34,797
John V. Palancia $1,074 $3,134 None None $34,729
Andrew Rogers* None None None None None
Mark D. Gersten** $1,074 $3,134 None None $34,729
Mark Garbin** $1,074 $3,134 None None $34,729

* This Trustee is deemed to be an “interested person” as defined in the 1940 Act as a result of his affiliation with Gemini Fund Services, LLC (the Trust’s Administrator, Transfer Agent and Fund Accountant).

**Elected as a Trustee in September 2013.

*** There are currently numerous series comprising the Trust. The term ”Fund Complex” refers only to the Princeton Family of Funds comprising of Athena Value Fund, Deer Park Total Return Fund, Eagle MLP Strategy Fund, Princeton Futures Strategy Fund, Princeton Long/Short Treasury Fund, Princeton Premium Fund and Sandalwood Opportunity Fund and not to any other series of the Trust. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016, the aggregate independent Trustees’ fees paid by the entire Trust were $805,800.

 

34 
 

Trustee Ownership

 

The following table indicates the dollar range of equity securities that each Trustee beneficially owned in the Fund as of December 31, 2016.

 

Name of Trustee Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Fund Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in All Registered Investment Companies Overseen by Trustee in Family of Investment Companies
Anthony J. Hertl None None
Gary Lanzen None None
John V. Palancia None None
Andrew Rogers* None None
Mark Taylor None None
Mark D. Gersten None None
Mark Garbin None None

* This Trustee is deemed to be an “interested person” as defined in the 1940 Act as a result of his affiliation with Gemini Fund Services, LLC (the Trust’s Administrator, Transfer Agent and Fund Accountant),

 

Management Ownership

 

As of January 3, 2017, the Trustees and officers, as a group, owned no shares of the Fund and less than 1.00% of the Fund Complex’s outstanding shares.

 

CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS

 

A principal shareholder is any person who owns of record or beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding shares of a Fund. A control person is one who owns beneficially or through controlled companies more than 25% of the voting securities of a company or acknowledged the existence of control.

 

As of the January 3, 2017, the following shareholders of record owned 5% or more of the each class of outstanding shares of the Fund.

 

Name & Address Shares Percentage of Fund
Class A Shares    

RBC Attn. Mutual Fund Ops

60 South Sixth Street

Minneapolis, MN 55402

68,732 36.02%

LPL Financial/A/C 1000-0005

4707 Executive Drive

San Diego, CA 92121

15,645 8.20%
     
Class C Shares    

RBC Attn. Mutual Funds Ops

60 South Sixth Street

Minneapolis, MN 55402

158,186 66.34%

NFS LLC FEBO/NFS/FMTC ROLLOVER IRA

FBO ROBERT SWANSON

5507 PEGASUS CT

MEBANE NC 27302

15,483 6.49%
     
35 
 

 

Class I Shares    

RBC Attn. Mutual Funds Ops

60 South Sixth Street

Minneapolis, MN 55402

358,296 32.55%

Pershing LLC

1 Pershing Plaza

Jersey City, NJ 07399

196,213 17.83%

CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC/SPECIAL CUSTODY A/C FBO CUSTOMERS

ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS

211 MAIN STREET

SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94105

89,584 8.14%

UBS FINANCIAL SERVICES INC. FBO/RCB INVESTMENTS LLC

3251 106TH SE

BELLEVUE WA 98004-7428

62,349 5.66%

 

 

INVESTMENT ADVISER, PRIMARY SUB-ADVISER AND SUB-ADVISERS

 

Investment Adviser

 

Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC, 1580 Lincoln St., Suite 680 Denver, CO 80203, serves as investment adviser to the Fund. Princeton is deemed to be controlled by Greg D. Anderson, Roger C. Bowden and John L. Sabre, each of whom is a Manager. Mr. Sabre also controls an entity which owns more than 50% of the voting interests in Princeton, and Mr. Anderson and Mr. Bowden each own approximately 30% of voting interests in Princeton. Subject to the authority of the Board of Trustees, the Adviser is responsible for management of the Fund’s investment portfolio through the primary sub-adviser and other sub-advisers. The Adviser is responsible for selecting the Fund’s primary sub-adviser and monitoring the primary sub-adviser’s selection of sub-advisers, Underlying Funds and assuring that investments are made according to the Fund’s investment objective, policies and restrictions. Additionally, the Adviser is responsible for conducting initial and ongoing independent evaluation of asset allocation, Underlying Funds and their managers and Underlying Fund investments. The Adviser was established in 2010 for the purpose of advising individuals and institutions. As of December 31, 2016, the Adviser has approximately $1.008 billion in assets under management.

 

Pursuant to an advisory agreement between the Fund and the Adviser, the Adviser is entitled to receive, on a monthly basis, an annual advisory fee equal to 2.55% of the Fund’s average daily net assets. The Adviser pays the Fund’s primary sub-adviser and sub-advisers out of the fee it receives from the Fund. The Adviser contractually agreed to waive management fees and to make payments to limit Fund expenses, until January 31, 2018 so that the total annual operating expenses (excluding any front-end or contingent deferred loads, brokerage fees and commissions, acquired fund fees and expenses, fees and expenses associated with instruments in other collective investment vehicles or derivative instruments (including for example options and swap fees and expenses), borrowing costs (such as interest and dividend expense on securities sold short), taxes and extraordinary expenses, such as litigation expenses (which may include indemnification of Fund officers and Trustees and contractual indemnification of Fund service providers (other than the adviser)), do not exceed 2.95%, 3.70% and 2.70% of average daily net assets attributable to Class A, Class C and I shares, respectively. These fee waivers and expense reimbursements are subject to possible recoupment

36 
 

from the Fund in future years on a rolling three-year basis (within the three years after the fiscal year end in which the fees have been waived or reimbursed) if such recoupment can be achieved within the foregoing expense limits. Fee waiver and reimbursement arrangements can decrease the Fund’s expenses and boost its performance.

 

During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016, the Fund incurred $1,830,782 in advisory fees, of which $338,804 was waived by the Adviser. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2015, the Fund incurred $5,646,868 in advisory fees, of which $496,594 was waived by the Adviser. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2014, the Fund incurred $3,852,261 in advisory fees, of which $320,862 was waived by the Adviser. Expenses not expressly assumed by the adviser under the advisory agreement are paid by the Fund. Under the terms of the advisory agreement, the Fund is responsible for the payment of the following expenses among others: (a) the fees payable to the Adviser, (b) the fees and expenses of Trustees who are not affiliated persons of the Adviser, sub-advisers or Distributor (as defined under the section entitled (“The Distributor”) (c) the fees and certain expenses of the Custodian (as defined under the section entitled “Custodian”), transfer and dividend disbursing agent, fund accountant, fund administrator and fund independent registered public accounting firm (auditor), including the cost of maintaining certain required records of the Fund and of pricing the Fund’s shares, (d) the charges and expenses of legal counsel and independent accountants for the Fund, (e) brokerage commissions and any issue or transfer taxes chargeable to the Fund in connection with its securities transactions, (f) all taxes and corporate fees payable by the Fund to governmental agencies, (g) the fees of any trade association of which the Fund may be a member, (h) the cost of share certificates representing shares of the Fund, (i) the cost of fidelity and liability insurance, (j) the fees and expenses involved in registering and maintaining registration of the Fund and of shares with the SEC, qualifying its shares under state securities laws, including the preparation and printing of the Fund’s registration statements and prospectuses for such purposes, (k) all expenses of shareholders and Trustees’ meetings (including travel expenses of trustees and officers of the Trust who are directors, officers or employees of the adviser or a sub-adviser) and of preparing, printing and mailing reports, proxy statements and prospectuses to shareholders in the amount necessary for distribution to the shareholders and (l) litigation and indemnification expenses and other extraordinary expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the Fund’s business.

 

The advisory agreement and each sub-advisory agreement will continue in effect for two (2) years and thereafter shall continue from year to year provided such continuance is approved at least annually by (a) a vote of the majority of the Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting specifically called for the purpose of voting on such approval and by (b) the majority vote of either all of the Trustees or the vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund. The advisory agreement and each sub-advisory agreement may be terminated without penalty on no more than 60 days written notice by a vote of a majority of the Trustees, by the adviser or by a sub-adviser, or by holders of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding shares. The advisory agreement and each sub-advisory agreement shall terminate automatically in the event of its assignment.

 

A discussion regarding the basis for the Board of Trustees’ approval of the advisory and sub-advisory agreements is available in the Fund’s annual report to shareholders dated September 30, 2016.

 

Primary Sub-Adviser

 

Sandalwood Securities, Inc. (“Sandalwood”), 101 Eisenhower Parkway, 3rd Floor, Roseland, NJ 07068, serves as the primary sub-adviser to the Fund. Martin J. Gross is deemed to control

37 
 

Sandalwood by virtue of ownership of a majority its shares. Subject to the authority of the Board of Trustees and oversight by the adviser, Sandalwood is responsible for management of the Fund’s investment portfolio directly and through other sub-advisers. Sandalwood is responsible for selecting investments and providing input into the selection process for choosing the Fund’s other sub-advisers and assuring that investments are made according to the Fund’s investment objective, policies and restrictions. Pursuant to a sub-advisory agreement between Princeton and Sandalwood, the primary sub-adviser is entitled to receive, on a monthly basis, an advisory fee equal to two-thirds of the advisory fee received by Princeton less certain expenses including monthly average fees paid to sub-advisers. Sandalwood is paid by the Adviser not the Fund. Sandalwood was established in 1990 for the purpose of advising individuals and institutions. As of December 31, 2016, it had approximately $946 million in assets under management. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2014, the Adviser paid $986,594 in sub-advisory fees to Sandalwood. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2015, the Adviser paid $1.647 million in sub-advisory fees to Sandalwood. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016, the Adviser paid $481,864 million in sub-advisory fees to Sandalwood.

 

Secondary Sub-Advisers

 

Princeton, in consultation with Sandalwood, has engaged the following sub-advisers to provide investment sub-advisory services to a portion of the assets of the Fund, as allocated to each such sub-adviser. Princeton compensates each sub-adviser for its services.

 

Deer Park Road Management Company, LP (“Deer Park”), 1865 Ski Time Square, Suite 102, Steamboat Springs, CO 80477, is a Delaware limited partnership which is beneficially owned and controlled by Michael Craig-Scheckman, the Senior Portfolio Manager, who has over 35 years investment experience, including more than 20 years in MBS/ABS investing. Mr. Craig-Scheckman beneficially holds a majority ownership in Deer Park and serves as Chief Executive Officer. Subject to the authority of the Board of Trustees and Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC, Deer Park is responsible for management of a portion of the Fund’s investment portfolio and making investments according to the Fund’s investment objective, policies and restrictions. Deer Park is a multi-fund investment manager formed in 2015 for the purpose of advising individuals and institutions. Its predecessor firm, Deer Park Road Corporation, was established in 2003. Deer Park is focused exclusively on investing in real estate securities and asset backed fixed income securities for both high net worth individuals, institutional investors, and registered funds. As of December 31, 2016, Deer Park had approximately $1.8 billion in regulatory assets under management. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2014, the Adviser paid $519,526 in sub-advisory fees to Deer Park’s predecessor firm. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2015, the Adviser paid $766,422 in sub-advisory fees to Deer Park and its predecessor firm. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016, the Adviser paid $272,216 in sub-advisory fees to Deer Park and its predecessor firm.

 

MidOcean Credit Fund Management, L.P. (“MidOcean”), doing business as MidOcean Credit Partners, 320 Park Avenue, 16th Floor, New York, NY 10022, is a Delaware limited partnership which is indirectly controlled by Steven Shenfeld, through an indirect majority ownership interest in the general partner of this sub-adviser. Subject to the authority of the Board of Trustees and Princeton, MidOcean is responsible for management of a portion of the Fund’s investment portfolio and making investments according to the Fund’s investment objective, policies and restrictions. Mid-Ocean was established in 2009 for the purpose of advising individuals and institutions. As of December 31, 2016, Mid-Ocean had approximately $4.7 billion in assets under management. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2014, the Adviser paid $477,992 in sub-advisory fees to MidOcean. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2015, the Adviser paid $650,444 in sub-

38 
 

advisory fees to MidOcean. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016, the Adviser paid $263,221 in sub-advisory fees to MidOcean.

 

Codes of Ethics

 

The Trust, the Adviser, the primary sub-adviser, each sub-adviser, and the Distributor each have adopted respective codes of ethics (each a “Code”) under Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act that govern the personal securities transactions of their board members, officers and employees who may have access to current trading information of the Trust. Under these codes of ethics, the Trustees are permitted to invest in securities that may also be purchased by the Fund.

 

In addition, the Trust has adopted a separate Code that applies only to the Trust’s executive officers to ensure that these officers promote professional conduct in the practice of corporate governance and management. The purpose behind these guidelines is to promote (i) honest and ethical conduct, including the ethical handling of actual or apparent conflicts of interest between personal and professional relationships; (ii) full, fair, accurate, timely, and understandable disclosure in reports and documents that a the Trust files with, or submits to, the SEC and in other public communications made by the Fund; (iii) compliance with applicable governmental laws, rule and regulations; (iv) the prompt internal reporting of violations of that Code to an appropriate person or persons identified in the Code; and (v) accountability for adherence to the Code.

 

Proxy Voting Policies

 

The Board has adopted Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures (“Policies”) on behalf of the Trust, which delegate the responsibility for voting proxies to the adviser or its designee, subject to the Board’s continuing oversight. The Policies require that the adviser or its designee vote proxies received in a manner consistent with the best interests of the Fund and shareholders. The Policies also require the adviser or its designee to present to the Board, at least annually, its proxy policies, and a record of each proxy voted by the adviser or its designee on behalf of the Fund, including a report on the resolution of all proxies identified by the adviser or its designee as involving a conflict of interest. It is anticipated that the adviser and each sub-adviser will vote any proxies related to the portion of the portfolio which it manages that are received on the Fund's behalf.

 

Where a proxy proposal raises a material conflict between the adviser’s or its designee’s interests and the Fund’s interests, the voting entity will resolve the conflict by voting in accordance with the policy guidelines or at the client’s directive using the recommendation of an independent third party. If the third party’s recommendations are not received in a timely fashion, the voting entity will abstain from voting the securities held by the Fund. A copy of Princeton’s and Sandalwood’s proxy voting policies is attached hereto as Appendix B.

 

More information. Information regarding how the Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities held by the Fund during the most recent 12-month period ending June 30 will be available (1) without charge, upon request, by calling the Fund at 1-888-868-9501; and (2) on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. In addition, a copy of the Fund’s proxy voting policies and procedures are also available by calling 1-888-868-9501 and will be sent within three business days of receipt of a request.

 

 

 

39 
 

DISTRIBUTION OF SHARES

 

Northern Lights Distributors, LLC, located at 17605 Wright Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68130 (the “Distributor”) serves as the principal underwriter and national distributor for the shares of the Fund pursuant to an Underwriting Agreement with the Trust (the “Underwriting Agreement”). The Distributor is registered as a broker-dealer under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and each state’s securities laws and is a member of FINRA. The offering of the Fund’s shares is continuous. The Underwriting Agreement provides that the Distributor, as agent in connection with the distribution of Fund shares, will use reasonable efforts to facilitate the sale of the Fund’s shares.

 

The Underwriting Agreement provides that, unless sooner terminated, it will continue in effect for two years and thereafter shall continue from year to year, subject to annual approval by (a) the Board or a vote of a majority of the outstanding shares, and (b) by a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons of the Trust or of the Distributor by vote cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.

 

The Underwriting Agreement may be terminated by the Fund at any time, without the payment of any penalty, by vote of a majority of the entire Board of the Trust or by vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund on 60 days’ written notice to the Distributor, or by the Distributor at any time, without the payment of any penalty, on 60 days’ written notice to the Fund. The Underwriting Agreement will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment.

 

The following table sets forth the total compensation received by the Distributor from the Fund during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2014:

 


Fund
Net Underwriting Discounts and Commissions Compensation on Redemptions and Repurchases Brokerage Commissions Other Compensation  
Sandalwood Opportunity Fund $2,754 $0 $0 $0  
  The Distributor also receives 12b-1 fees from the Funds as described under the following section entitled “Rule 12b-1 Plans”.
             

 

The following table sets forth the total compensation received by the Distributor from the Fund during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2015:

 

Fund Net Underwriting Discounts and Commissions Compensation on Redemptions and Repurchases Brokerage Commissions Other Compensation
Sandalwood Opportunity Fund - Class A $15,263 $0 $0 $0
Sandalwood Opportunity Fund - Class C $0 $0 $0 $0
The Distributor also receives 12b-1 fees from the Funds as described under the following section entitled “Rule 12b-1 Plans”.

 

The following table sets forth the total compensation received by the Distributor from the Fund during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016:

 

40 
 

 

Fund Net Underwriting Discounts and Commissions Compensation on Redemptions and Repurchases Brokerage Commissions Other Compensation
Sandalwood Opportunity Fund - Class A $238 $0 $0 $0
Sandalwood Opportunity Fund - Class C $0 $0 $0 $0
The Distributor also receives 12b-1 fees from the Funds as described under the following section entitled “Rule 12b-1 Plans”.

 

The Distributor may enter into selling agreements with broker-dealers that solicit orders for the sale of shares of the Fund and may allow concessions to dealers that sell shares of the Fund. The Distributor receives the portion of the sales charge on all direct initial investments in the Fund and on all investments in accounts with no designed dealer of record.

 

Rule 12b-1 Plans

 

The Trust, with respect to the Fund, has adopted the Trust’s Master Distribution and Shareholder Servicing Plans pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act for the Fund’s Class A and Class C shares (the “Plans”) pursuant to which the Fund is authorized to pay the Distributor, as compensation for Distributor’s account maintenance services under the Plans, a distribution and shareholder servicing fee at the rate of up to 0.25% for Class A shares and 1.00% for Class C shares of the Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to the relevant class. Such fees are to be paid by the funds monthly, or at such other intervals as the Board shall determine. There is no Plan for the Class I shares. Such fees shall be based upon the Fund's average daily net assets during the preceding month, and shall be calculated and accrued daily. The Fund may pay fees to the Distributor at a lesser rate, as agreed upon by the Board of Trustees of the Trust and the Distributor. The Plans authorize payments to the Distributor as compensation for providing account maintenance services to the Class A and Class C Fund shareholders, including arranging for certain securities dealers or brokers, administrators and others ("Recipients") to provide these services and paying compensation for these services.

The services to be provided under the Plan by Recipients may include, but are not limited to, the following: assistance in the offering and sale of the Class A and Class C shares and in other aspects of the marketing of the shares to clients or prospective clients of the respective Recipients; answering routine inquiries concerning the Fund; assisting in the establishment and maintenance of accounts or sub-accounts in the Fund and in processing purchase and redemption transactions; making the Fund's investment plan and shareholder services available; and providing such other information and services to investors in shares of the Fund as the Distributor or the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, may reasonably request. The distribution services shall also include any advertising and marketing services provided by or arranged by the Distributor with respect to the Fund.

The Distributor is required to provide a written report, at least quarterly to the Board of Trustees of the Trust, specifying in reasonable detail the amounts expended pursuant to each of the Plans and the purposes for which such expenditures were made. Further, the Distributor will inform the Board of any Rule 12b-1 fees to be paid by the Distributor to Recipients.

During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2014 the Fund paid $131,974 and $5,868 for the Fund’s Class A and Class C shares, respectively, in distribution related fees pursuant to the Plans. The Fund allocated such distribution fees as follows:

 

41 
 

 

Actual 12b-1 Expenditures Paid by Fund Shares During the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2014
 

Total Dollars Allocated

Class A

Total Dollars Allocated

Class C

Advertising/Marketing None None
Printing/Postage None None
Payment to Distributor $10,279 $200
Payment to dealers $97,690 $5,143
Compensation to sales personnel None None
Other $24,005 $525
Total $131,974 $5,868

 

During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2015 the Fund paid $94,584 and $46,097 for the Fund’s Class A and Class C shares, respectively, in distribution related fees pursuant to the Plans. The Fund allocated such distribution fees as follows:

 

Actual 12b-1 Expenditures Paid by Fund Shares During the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2015
 

Total Dollars Allocated

Class A

Total Dollars Allocated

Class C

Advertising/Marketing None None
Printing/Postage None None
Payment to Distributor $11,228 $2,868
Payment to dealers $39,795 $26,393
Compensation to sales personnel None None
Other $43,561 $16,836
Total $94,584 $46,097

 

During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016 the Fund paid $15,867 and $38,579 for the Fund’s Class A and Class C shares, respectively, in distribution related fees pursuant to the Plans. The Fund allocated such distribution fees as follows:

 

Actual 12b-1 Expenditures Paid by Fund Shares During the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2016
 

Total Dollars Allocated

Class A

Total Dollars Allocated

Class C

Advertising/Marketing None None
Printing/Postage None None
Payment to Distributor $693 $1,753
Payment to dealers $9,069 $17,969
Compensation to sales personnel None None
Other $6,105 $18,857
Total $15,867 $38,579

 

The Distributor is required to provide a written report, at least quarterly to the Board of Trustees of the Trust, specifying in reasonable detail the amounts expended pursuant to the each of

42 
 

the Plans and the purposes for which such expenditures were made. Further, the Distributor will inform the Board of any Rule 12b-1 fees to be paid by the Distributor to Recipients.

 

The Plans may not be amended to increase materially the amount of the Distributor’s compensation to be paid by the Fund, unless such amendment is approved by the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the affected class of the Fund (as defined in the 1940 Act). All material amendments must be approved by a majority of the Board of Trustees of the Trust and a majority of the Rule 12b-1 Trustees by votes cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on a Rule 12b-1 Plan. During the term of each Plan, the selection and nomination of non-interested Trustees of the Trust will be committed to the discretion of current non-interested Trustees. The Distributor will preserve copies of the Plans, any related agreements, and all reports, for a period of not less than six years from the date of such document and for at least the first two years in an easily accessible place.

 

Any agreement related to the Plans will be in writing and provide that: (a) it may be terminated by the Trust or the Fund at any time upon sixty days written notice, without the payment of any penalty, by vote of a majority of the respective Rule 12b-1 Trustees, or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Trust or the Fund; (b) it will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act); and (c) it will continue in effect for a period of more than one year from the date of its execution or adoption only so long as such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by a majority of the Board and a majority of the Rule 12b-1 Trustees by votes cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such agreement.

 

PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

 

The following table lists the number and types of accounts managed by each adviser and primary sub-adviser portfolio manager in addition to those of the Fund and regulatory assets under management in those accounts as of December 31, 2016.

 

Adviser Portfolio Managers

 

Greg D. Anderson


Other Accounts By Type

Total Number of Accounts by Account Type Total Assets By Account Type Number of Accounts by Type  Subject to a Performance Fee Total Assets By Account Type Subject to a Performance Fee
Registered Investment Companies 6 $996 million 0 N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles 4 $92 million 1 $88 million
Other Accounts 900 $1,136 million 0 N/A

 

John L. Sabre


Other Accounts By Type

Total Number of Accounts by Account Type Total Assets By Account Type Number of Accounts by Type  Subject to a Performance Fee Total Assets By Account Type Subject to a Performance Fee
Registered Investment Companies 6 $996 million 0 N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles 4 $92 million 1 $88 million
Other Accounts 900 $1,136 million 0 N/A
43 
 

 

Primary Sub-Adviser Portfolio Manager

 

Martin J. Gross


Other Accounts By Type

Total Number of Accounts by Account Type Total Assets By Account Type Number of Accounts by Type  Subject to a Performance Fee Total Assets By Account Type Subject to a Performance Fee
Registered Investment Companies 1 $13 million 0 N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles 12 $921 million 0 N/A
Other Accounts 1 $12 million 0 N/A

 

Sub-Adviser Portfolio Managers

 

Scott Burg


Other Accounts By Type

Total Number of Accounts by Account Type Total Assets By Account Type Number of Accounts by Type  Subject to a Performance Fee Total Assets By Account Type Subject to a Performance Fee
Registered Investment Companies 2 $108.206 million 0 N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles 2 $1.643 billion 2 $1.643 billion
Other Accounts 0 N/A 0 N/A

 

Michael Craig-Scheckman
Other Accounts By Type
Total Number of Accounts by Account Type Total Assets By Account Type Number of Accounts by Type  Subject to a Performance Fee Total Assets By Account Type Subject to a Performance Fee
Registered Investment Companies 2 $108.206 million 0 N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles 2 $1.643 billion 2 $1.643 billion
Other Accounts 0 N/A 0 N/A

 

 

Bryan Dunn


Other Accounts By Type

Total Number of Accounts by Account Type Total Assets By Account Type Number of Accounts by Type  Subject to a Performance Fee Total Assets By Account Type Subject to a Performance Fee
Registered Investment Companies 1 $53 million 0 N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles 2 $1.081 billion 2 $956 billion
Other Accounts 8 $2.002 billion 8 $2.002 billion

 

 

Andrew Kuan


Other Accounts By Type

Total Number of Accounts by Account Type Total Assets By Account Type Number of Accounts by Type  Subject to a Performance Fee Total Assets By Account Type Subject to a Performance Fee
Registered Investment 1 $53 million 0 N/A
44 
 

 

Companies
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles 2 $1.081 billion 2 $956 billion
Other Accounts 8 $2.002 billion 8 $2.002 billion

 

 

Conflicts of Interest

 

In general, when a portfolio manager has responsibility for managing more than one account, potential conflicts of interest may arise. Those conflicts could include preferential treatment of one account over others in terms of allocation of resources or of investment opportunities. For instance, the adviser, primary sub-adviser or a sub-adviser may receive fees from certain accounts that are higher than the fee it receives from the Fund, or it may receive a performance-based fee on certain accounts. The procedures to address conflicts of interest, if any, are described below for each portfolio manager.

 

Princeton has responsibility for managing multiple client accounts and, as such, potential conflicts of interest may arise. Those conflicts could include preferential treatment of one account over others in terms of allocation of resources or of investment opportunities. For instance, Princeton may receive fees from certain client accounts that are higher than the fee it receives from the Fund, or it may receive a performance-based fee on certain accounts.

 

Princeton and its associates attempt to avoid conflicts of interest that may arise as a result of the management of multiple client accounts. From time to time, Princeton may recommend or cause a client to invest in a security in which another client of Princeton has an ownership position. Princeton has adopted certain procedures intended to treat all client accounts in a fair and equitable manner. To the extent that Princeton seeks to purchase or sell the same security for multiple client accounts, Princeton may aggregate, or bunch, these orders where it deems this to be appropriate and consistent with applicable regulatory requirements. When a bunched order is filled in its entirety, each participating client account will participate at the average share prices for the bunched order. When a bunched order is only partially filled, the securities purchased will be allocated on a pro-rata basis to each account participating in the bunched order based upon the initial amount requested for the account, subject to certain exceptions. Each participating account will receive the average share price for the bunched order on the same business day.

 

Martin Gross serves as the Fund's principal portfolio manager.  Mr. Gross is also the controlling shareholder, sole director and president of Sandalwood Securities Inc. (“Sandalwood”).  Mr. Gross does not receive a salary for his services, but as the firm's controlling shareholder, receives distributions of the firm's profits.  Other members of the portfolio management team receive an annual base salary and a discretionary bonus for their activities in managing the Fund and other Sandalwood advised funds.

 

Sandalwood Securities, Inc. has responsibility for managing multiple client accounts and, as such, potential conflicts of interest may arise.  Those conflicts could include preferential treatment of one account over others in terms of allocation of resources or of investment opportunities. For instance, Sandalwood Securities, Inc. may receive fees from certain client accounts that are higher than the fee it receives from the Fund, or it may receive a performance-based fee on certain accounts.  The Underlying sub-advisors utilized by the Fund face similar conflicts with respect to their responsibilities to the Fund and other funds and client accounts advised by them.

 

45 
 

Sandalwood and its affiliates attempt to avoid conflicts of interest that may arise as a result of the management of multiple client accounts.  These conflicts are mitigated to a certain extent by differences between the strategy of the Fund and strategies employed by other funds managed by Sandalwood. In particular, the sub-advisers employed by the Fund must managed the Fund to provide daily liquidity, while the other funds advised by Sandalwood afford annual withdrawal rights to investors. In addition, the assets of the Fund are managed by underlying sub-advisers in separate accounts. In the case of Sandalwood’s other advised funds, the Fund generally invests in an underlying commingled Fund managed by an unaffiliated manager. As a result, the opportunity for Sandalwood’s clients to invest in a particular commingled fund would not be a suitable investment opportunity for the Fund. In those cases where there is a potential conflict in allocating an investment opportunity to the Fund and other Sandalwood advised funds, Sandalwood will generally allocate the opportunity on a pro rata basis, or in another manner in which all clients are treated in a fair and equitable manner over time.

 

Deer Park and MidOcean all have the responsibility for managing multiple client accounts and, as such, potential conflicts of interest may arise. Those conflicts could include preferential treatment of one account over others in terms of allocation of resources or of investment opportunities. For instance, Deer Park and MidOcean may receive fees from certain client accounts that are higher than the fee it receives from the Fund, or it may receive a performance-based fee on certain accounts.

 

Deer Park and MidOcean and their associates attempt to avoid conflicts of interest that may arise as a result of the management of multiple client accounts. From time to time, Deer Park MidOcean may recommend or cause a client to invest in a security in which another client of Deer Park or MidOcean has an ownership position. Deer Park and MidOcean have adopted certain procedures intended to treat all client accounts in a fair and equitable manner. To the extent that Deer Park and MidOcean seek to purchase or sell the same security for multiple client accounts, Deer Park and MidOcean may aggregate, or bunch, these orders where it deems this to be appropriate and consistent with applicable regulatory requirements. When a bunched order is filled in its entirety, each participating client account will participate at the average share prices for the bunched order. When a bunched order is only partially filled, the securities purchased will be allocated on a pro-rata basis to each account participating in the bunched order based upon the initial amount requested for the account, subject to certain exceptions. Each participating account will receive the average share price for the bunched order on the same business day.

 

Compensation

 

For their services as portfolio managers to the Fund, Greg D. Anderson and John L. Sabre receive a fixed salary and also share in the profits of Princeton, if any.  For his service as portfolio manager to the Fund, Martin J. Gross receives a salary from Sandalwood and profits, if any, as the controlling sole shareholder of the firm.

 

For his services as portfolio manager to the Fund, Michael Craig-Scheckman, a Partner of Deer Park, shares in profits of the firm, if any.

 

For his services as portfolio manager to the Fund, Scott Burg, a portfolio manager of Deer Park, receives a fixed salary, discretionary bonus, and also shares in profits of the firm, if any.

 

For their services as portfolio managers to the Fund, Bryan Dunn and Andrew kuan, each of MidOcean, receive a base salary and a discretionary bonus determined based upon the profitability of the business.

46 
 

 

Ownership of Securities

 

The following table shows the dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned by the portfolio managers in the Fund as of September 30, 2016.

 

Name of Portfolio Manger Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Fund
Greg D. Anderson $1- $10,000
John L. Sabre None
Martin J. Gross None
Michael Craig-Scheckman None
Scott Burg None
David Harris None
Andrew Kuan None

 

ALLOCATION OF PORTFOLIO BROKERAGE

 

Specific decisions to purchase or sell securities for the Fund are made by the portfolio managers, who are employees of the adviser and the primary and other sub-advisers. Each is authorized by the Trustees to allocate the orders placed by them on behalf of the Fund to brokers or dealers who may, but need not, provide research or statistical material or other services to the Fund or the adviser, primary or other sub-advisers for the Fund’s use. Such allocation is to be in such amounts and proportions as the respective adviser or primary or other sub-adviser may determine.

 

In selecting a broker or dealer to execute each particular transaction, the adviser and the primary and other sub-advisers will take some or all of the following the following into consideration:

 

·the best net price available;
·the reliability, integrity and financial condition of the broker or dealer;
·the size of and difficulty in executing the order; and
·the value of the expected contribution of the broker or dealer to the investment performance of the Fund on a continuing basis.

 

Brokers or dealers executing a portfolio transaction on behalf of the Fund may receive a commission in excess of the amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for executing the transaction if the adviser or the primary or other sub-adviser determines in good faith that such commission is reasonable in relation to the value of brokerage, research and other services provided to the Fund. In allocating portfolio brokerage, the adviser or the primary or other sub-adviser may select brokers or dealers who also provide brokerage, research and other services to other accounts over which the adviser or the primary or other sub-adviser exercises investment discretion. Some of the services received as the result of Fund transactions may primarily benefit accounts other than the Fund’s, while services received as the result of portfolio transactions effected on behalf of those other accounts may primarily benefit the Fund. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2014, the Fund paid brokerage commissions of $0. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2015, the Fund paid brokerage commissions of $3,558. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016, the Fund paid brokerage commissions of $0.

 

 

 

47 
 

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER

 

The Fund’s portfolio turnover rate is calculated by dividing the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the fiscal year by the monthly average of the value of the portfolio securities owned by the Fund during the fiscal year. The calculation excludes from both the numerator and the denominator securities with maturities at the time of acquisition of one year or less. High portfolio turnover involves correspondingly greater brokerage commissions and other transaction costs, which will be borne directly by the Fund. A 100% turnover rate would occur if all of the Fund’s portfolio securities were replaced once within a one-year period. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2014, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 197%. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2015, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 177%. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 75%.

 

OTHER SERVICE PROVIDERS

 

Fund Administration, Fund Accounting and Transfer Agent Services

 

Gemini Fund Services, LLC (“GFS”), which has its principal office at 80 Arkay Drive, Suite 110, Hauppauge, New York 11788, serves as administrator, fund accountant and transfer agent for the Fund pursuant to a Fund Services Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the Fund and subject to the supervision of the Board. GFS is primarily in the business of providing administrative, fund accounting and transfer agent services to retail and institutional mutual funds. GFS is an affiliate of the Distributor. GFS may also provide persons to serve as officers of the Fund. Such officers may be directors, officers or employees of GFS or its affiliates.

 

The Agreement with the Trust became effective on June 22, 2011 and will remain in effect for two years from the applicable effective date for the Fund, and will continue in effect for successive twelve-month periods provided that such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by a majority of the Board. The Agreement is terminable by the Board or GFS on 90 days’ written notice and may be assigned by either party, provided that the Trust may not assign this agreement without the prior written consent of GFS. The Agreement provides that GFS shall be without liability for any action reasonably taken or omitted pursuant to the Agreement.

 

Under the Agreement, GFS performs administrative services, including: (1) monitoring the performance of administrative and professional services rendered to the Trust by others service providers; (2) monitoring Fund holdings and operations for post-trade compliance with the Fund’s registration statement and applicable laws and rules; (3) preparing and coordinating the printing of semi-annual and annual financial statements; (4) preparing selected management reports for performance and compliance analyses; (5) preparing and disseminating materials for and attending and participating in meetings of the Board; (6) determining income and capital gains available for distribution and calculating distributions required to meet regulatory, income, and excise tax requirements; (7) reviewing the Trust's federal, state, and local tax returns as prepared and signed by the Trust's independent public accountants; (8) preparing and maintaining the Trust's operating expense budget to determine proper expense accruals to be charged to each Fund to calculate its daily net asset value; (9) assisting in and monitoring the preparation, filing, printing and where applicable, dissemination to shareholders of amendments to the Trust’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, periodic reports to the Trustees, shareholders and the SEC, notices pursuant to Rule 24f-2, proxy materials and reports to the SEC on Forms N-SAR, N-CSR, N-Q and N-PX; (10) coordinating the Trust's audits and examinations by assisting each Fund’s independent public

48 
 

accountants; (11) determining, in consultation with others, the jurisdictions in which shares of the Trust shall be registered or qualified for sale and facilitating such registration or qualification; (12) monitoring sales of shares and ensure that the shares are properly and duly registered with the SEC; (13) monitoring the calculation of performance data for the Fund; (14) preparing, or cause to be prepared, expense and financial reports; (15) preparing authorizations for the payment of Trust expenses and pay, from Trust assets, all bills of the Trust; (16) providing information typically supplied in the investment company industry to companies that track or report price, performance or other information with respect to investment companies; (17) upon request, assisting each Fund in the evaluation and selection of other service providers, such as independent public accountants, printers, EDGAR providers and proxy solicitors (such parties may be affiliates of GFS) and (18) performing other services, recordkeeping and assistance relating to the affairs of the Trust as the Trust may, from time to time, reasonably request.

 

For the administrative services rendered to the family of funds for which Princeton is an adviser, the Princeton family of funds pays GFS an asset based fee, which scales downward based upon net assets. The Fund also pays GFS for any blue sky state registration fees and out-of-pocket expenses. The Fund also pays GFS for any out-of-pocket expenses. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2014, the Fund incurred $126,883 for administrative fees. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2015, the Fund incurred $194,008 for administrative fees. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016, the Fund incurred $51,090 for administrative fees.

 

GFS also provides the Fund with accounting services, including: (i) daily computation of net asset value; (ii) maintenance of security ledgers and books and records as required by the 1940 Act; (iii) production of the Fund’s listing of portfolio securities and general ledger reports; (iv) reconciliation of accounting records; (v) calculation of yield and total return for the Fund; (vi) maintaining certain books and records described in Rule 31a-1 under the 1940 Act, and reconciling account information and balances among the Fund’s custodian and Adviser; and (vii) monitoring and evaluating daily income and expense accruals, and sales and redemptions of shares of the Fund.

 

For the fund accounting services rendered under the Agreement to the family of funds for which Princeton is an adviser, the family of funds pays GFS an annual fee of $27,000 or an asset based fee, which scales downward upon net assets. The Fund also pays GFS for any out-of-pocket expenses. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2014, the Fund incurred $52,949 for fund accounting fees. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2015, the Fund incurred $67,983 for fund accounting fees. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016, the Fund incurred $45,750 for fund accounting fees.

 

GFS also acts as transfer, dividend disbursing, and shareholder servicing agent for the Fund pursuant to the Agreement. Under the Agreement, GFS is responsible for administering and performing transfer agent functions, dividend distribution, shareholder administration, and maintaining necessary records in accordance with applicable rules and regulations. 

 

For such services rendered to the Fund under the Agreement, the Fund pays GFS an annual fee per shareholder account. The Fund also pays GFS for any out-of-pocket expenses.  For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2014, the Fund incurred $79,439 for transfer agency fees. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2015, the Fund incurred $123,741 for transfer agency fees. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016, the Fund incurred $41,039 for transfer agency fees.

 

 

49 
 

Custodian

 

MUFG Union Bank, N.A., (the “Custodian”), 400 California Street, San Francisco, California 94104 serves as the custodian of the Fund’s assets pursuant to a custody agreement (the “Custody Agreement”) by and between the Custodian and the Trust on behalf of the Fund. The Custodian’s responsibilities include safeguarding and controlling the Fund’s cash and securities, handling the receipt and delivery of securities, and collecting interest and dividends on the Fund’s investments. Pursuant to the Custody Agreement, the Custodian also maintains original entry documents and books of record and general ledgers; posts cash receipts and disbursements; and records purchases and sales based upon communications from the Co-Advisers. The Fund may employ foreign sub-custodians that are approved by the Board to hold foreign assets.

 

Compliance Officer

 

Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC (“NLCS”), 17605 Wright Street, Suite 2, Omaha, NE 68130, an affiliate of GFS and the Distributor, provides a Chief Compliance Officer to the Trust as well as related compliance services pursuant to a consulting agreement between NLCS and the Trust. NLCS’s compliance services consist primarily of reviewing and assessing the policies and procedures of the Trust and its service providers pertaining to compliance with applicable federal securities laws, including Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act. For the compliance services rendered to the Fund, the Fund pays NLCS a one-time fee of $2,500, plus an annual fee, based on Fund assets, ranging from $13,500 (net assets of $50 million or less) to $31,500 (net assets from $1 billion- $2 billion), or as otherwise negotiated. The Fund also pays NLCS for any out-of-pocket expenses. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2014, the Fund incurred $13,679 for compliance service fees. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2015, the Fund incurred $17,950 for compliance service fees. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016, the Fund incurred $28,389 for compliance service fees.

 

DESCRIPTION OF SHARES

 

Each share of beneficial interest of the Trust has one vote in the election of Trustees. Cumulative voting is not authorized for the Trust. This means that the holders of more than 50% of the shares voting for the election of Trustees can elect 100% of the Trustees if they choose to do so, and, in that event, the holders of the remaining shares will be unable to elect any Trustees.

 

Shareholders of the Trust and any other future series of the Trust will vote in the aggregate and not by series except as otherwise required by law or when the Board determines that the matter to be voted upon affects only the interest of the shareholders of a particular series. Matters such as ratification of the independent public accountants and election of Trustees are not subject to separate voting requirements and may be acted upon by shareholders of the Trust voting without regard to series.

 

The Trust is authorized to issue an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest. Each share has equal dividend, distribution and liquidation rights. There are no conversion or preemptive rights applicable to any shares of the Fund. All shares issued are fully paid and non-assessable.

 

 

 

 

50 
 

ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING PROGRAM

 

The Trust has established an Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Program (the “Program”) as required by Section 352 the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (“USA Patriot Act”). To ensure compliance with this law, the Trust’s Program is written and has been approved by the Board of Trustees. The Program provides for the development of policies, procedures and internal controls reasonably designed to prevent money laundering, the designation of an anti-money laundering compliance officer who is responsible for implementing and monitoring the Program, ongoing anti-money laundering training program for appropriate persons and an independent audit function to determine the effectiveness of the Program. The Trust’s secretary serves as its Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer.

 

Procedures to implement the Program include, but are not limited to, determining that the Fund’s Distributor, and Transfer Agent have established reasonable anti-money laundering procedures, have reported suspicious and/or fraudulent activity and have completed thorough reviews of all new opening account applications. The Trust will not transact business with any person or entity whose identity cannot be adequately verified under the provisions of the USA Patriot Act.

 

As a result of the Program, the Trust may be required to “freeze” the account of a shareholder if the shareholder appears to be involved in suspicious activity or if certain account information matches information on government lists of known terrorists or other suspicious persons, or the Trust may be required to transfer the account or proceeds of the account to a governmental agency.

 

PURCHASE, REDEMPTION AND PRICING OF SHARES

 

Calculation of Share Price

 

As indicated in the Prospectus under the heading “How Shares Are Priced,” the net asset value (“NAV”) of the Fund’s shares is determined by dividing the total value of the Fund’s portfolio investments and other assets, less any liabilities, by the total number of shares outstanding of the Fund.

 

For purposes of calculating the NAV, portfolio securities and other assets for which market quotes are available are stated at market value. Market value is generally determined on the basis of last reported sales prices, or if no sales are reported, based on quotes obtained from a quotation reporting system, established market makers, or pricing services. Securities primarily traded in the NASDAQ National Market System for which market quotations are readily available shall be valued using the NASDAQ Official Closing Price (“NOCP”). If the NOCP is not available, such securities shall be valued at the last sale price on the day of valuation, on the primary exchange or if there has been no sale on such day, at the mean between the current bid and ask process on such exchange. Certain securities or investments for which daily market quotes are not readily available may be valued, pursuant to guidelines established by the Board, with reference to other securities or indices. Short-term investments having a maturity of 60 days or less may be valued at amortized cost. Exchange traded options; futures and options on futures are valued at the settlement price determined by the exchange. Other securities for which market quotes are not readily available are valued at fair value as determined in good faith by the Board or persons acting at their direction.

 

51 
 

Investments initially valued in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are converted to U.S. dollars using exchange rates obtained from pricing services. As a result, the NAV of the Fund’s shares may be affected by changes in the value of currencies in relation to the U.S. dollar. The value of securities traded in markets outside the United States or denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar may be affected significantly on a day that the New York Stock Exchange is closed and an investor is not able to purchase, redeem or exchange shares.

 

Fund shares are valued at the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (normally 4:00 p.m., Eastern time) (the “NYSE Close”) on each day that the New York Stock Exchange is open. For purposes of calculating the NAV, the Fund normally use pricing data for domestic equity securities received shortly after the NYSE Close and does not normally take into account trading, clearances or settlements that take place after the NYSE Close. Domestic fixed income and foreign securities are normally priced using data reflecting the earlier closing of the principal markets for those securities. Information that becomes known to the Fund or its agents after the NAV has been calculated on a particular day will not generally be used to retroactively adjust the price of the security or the NAV determined earlier that day.

 

When market quotations are insufficient or not readily available the Fund may value securities at fair value or estimate their value as determined in good faith by the Board or its designees, pursuant to procedures approved by the Board. Fair valuation may also be used by the Board if extraordinary events occur after the close of the relevant market but prior to the NYSE Close.

 

The Fund may hold securities, such as private placements, interests in commodity pools, other non-traded securities or temporarily illiquid securities, for which market quotations are not readily available or are determined to be unreliable. These securities will be valued at their fair market value as determined using the “fair value” procedures approved by the Board. The Board has delegated execution of these procedures to a fair value team composed of one of more representatives from each of the (i) Trust, (ii) administrator, and (iii) Adviser and/or sub-adviser. The team may also enlist third party consultants such as an audit firm or financial officer of a security issuer on an as-needed basis to assist in determining a security-specific fair value. The Board reviews and ratifies the execution of this process and the resultant fair value prices at least quarterly to assure the process produces reliable results.

 

Fair Value Team and Valuation Process. This team is composed of one of more representatives from each of the (i) Trust, (ii) administrator, and (iii) Adviser and/or sub-adviser. The applicable investments are valued collectively via inputs from each of these groups. For example, fair value determinations are required for the following securities: (i) securities for which market quotations are insufficient or not readily available on a particular business day (including securities for which there is a short and temporary lapse in the provision of a price by the regular pricing source), (ii) securities for which, in the judgment of the adviser or sub-adviser, the prices or values available do not represent the fair value of the instrument. Factors which may cause the adviser or sub-adviser to make such a judgment include, but are not limited to, the following: only a bid price or an asked price is available; the spread between bid and asked prices is substantial; the frequency of sales; the thinness of the market; the size of reported trades; and actions of the securities markets, such as the suspension or limitation of trading; (iii) securities determined to be illiquid; (iv) securities with respect to which an event that will affect the value thereof has occurred (a “significant event”) since the closing prices were established on the principal exchange on which they are traded, but prior to the Fund’s calculation of its net asset value. Specifically, interests in commodity pools or managed futures pools are valued on a daily basis by reference to the closing market prices of each futures

52 
 

contract or other asset held by a pool, as adjusted for pool expenses. Restricted or illiquid securities, such as private placements or non-traded securities are valued via inputs from the adviser or sub-adviser valuation based upon the current bid for the security from two or more independent dealers or other parties reasonably familiar with the facts and circumstances of the security (who should take into consideration all relevant factors as may be appropriate under the circumstances). If the Adviser or sub-adviser is unable to obtain a current bid from such independent dealers or other independent parties, the fair value team shall determine the fair value of such security using the following factors: (i) the type of security; (ii) the cost at date of purchase; (iii) the size and nature of the Fund's holdings; (iv) the discount from market value of unrestricted securities of the same class at the time of purchase and subsequent thereto; (v) information as to any transactions or offers with respect to the security; (vi) the nature and duration of restrictions on disposition of the security and the existence of any registration rights; (vii) how the yield of the security compares to similar securities of companies of similar or equal creditworthiness; (viii) the level of recent trades of similar or comparable securities; (ix) the liquidity characteristics of the security; (x) current market conditions; and (xi) the market value of any securities into which the security is convertible or exchangeable.

 

Standards For Fair Value Determinations. As a general principle, the fair value of a security is the amount that a Fund might reasonably expect to realize upon its current sale. The Trust has adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement of Financial Accounting Standards Codification Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures ("ASC 820"). In accordance with ASC 820, fair value is defined as the price that the Fund would receive upon selling an investment in a timely transaction to an independent buyer in the principal or most advantageous market of the investment. ASC 820 establishes a three-tier hierarchy to maximize the use of observable market data and minimize the use of unobservable inputs and to establish classification of fair value measurements for disclosure purposes. Inputs refer broadly to the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk, for example, the risk inherent in a particular valuation technique used to measure fair value including such a pricing model and/or the risk inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique. Inputs may be observable or unobservable. Observable inputs are inputs that reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the reporting entity's own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, developed based on the best information available under the circumstances.

 

Various inputs are used in determining the value of the Fund's investments relating to ASC 820. These inputs are summarized in the three broad levels listed below.

 

Level 1 – quoted prices in active markets for identical securities.

 

Level 2 – other significant observable inputs (including quoted prices for similar securities, interest rates, prepayment speeds, credit risk, etc.)

 

Level 3 – significant unobservable inputs (including the Fund’s own assumptions in determining the fair value of investments).

 

The fair value team takes into account the relevant factors and surrounding circumstances, which may include: (i) the nature and pricing history (if any) of the security; (ii) whether any dealer quotations for the security are available; (iii) possible valuation methodologies that could be used to determine the fair value of the security; (iv) the recommendation of a portfolio manager of the Fund

53 
 

with respect to the valuation of the security; (v) whether the same or similar securities are held by other funds managed by the Adviser (or sub-adviser) or other funds and the method used to price the security in those funds; (vi) the extent to which the fair value to be determined for the security will result from the use of data or formulae produced by independent third parties and (vii) the liquidity or illiquidity of the market for the security.

 

Board of Trustees Determination. The Board of Trustees meets at least quarterly to consider the valuations provided by fair value team and ratify valuations for the applicable securities. The Board of Trustees considers the reports provided by the fair value team, including follow up studies of subsequent market-provided prices when available, in reviewing and determining in good faith the fair value of the applicable portfolio securities.

 

The Trust expects that the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) will be closed on the following holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day.

 

Purchase of Shares

 

Orders for shares received by the Fund in good order prior to the close of business on the NYSE on each day during such periods that the NYSE is open for trading are priced at NAV per share or offering price (NAV plus a sales charge, if applicable) computed as of the close of the regular session of trading on the NYSE. Orders received in good order after the close of the NYSE, or on a day it is not open for trading, are priced at the close of such NYSE on the next day on which it is open for trading at the next determined NAV or offering price per share.

 

Redemption of Shares

 

The Fund will redeem all or any portion of a shareholder’s shares in the Fund when requested in accordance with the procedures set forth in the “How To Redeem Shares” section of the Prospectus. Under the 1940 Act, a shareholder’s right to redeem shares and to receive payment therefore may be suspended at times:

 

a)    when the NYSE is closed, other than customary weekend and holiday closings;

b)when trading on that exchange is restricted for any reason;
c)when an emergency exists as a result of which disposal by the Fund of securities owned by it is not reasonably practicable or it is not reasonably practicable for the Fund fairly to determine the value of its net assets, provided that applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (or any succeeding governmental authority) will govern as to whether the conditions prescribed in (b) or (c) exist; or
d)when the Securities and Exchange Commission by order permits a suspension of the right to redemption or a postponement of the date of payment on redemption.

 

In case of suspension of the right of redemption, payment of a redemption request will be made based on the NAV next determined after the termination of the suspension.

 

The Fund may purchase shares of Underlying Funds which charge a redemption fee to shareholders (such as the Fund) that redeem shares of the Underlying Fund within a certain period of time (such as one year). The fee is payable to the Underlying Fund. Accordingly, if the Fund were to invest in an Underlying Fund and incur a redemption fee as a result of redeeming shares in such

54 
 

Underlying Fund, the Fund would bear such redemption fee. The Fund will not, however, invest in shares of an Underlying Fund that is sold with a contingent deferred sales load.

 

Supporting documents in addition to those listed under “How To Redeem Shares” in the Prospectus will be required from executors, administrators, Trustees, or if redemption is requested by someone other than the shareholder of record. Such documents include, but are not restricted to, stock powers, Trust instruments, certificates of death, appointments as executor, certificates of corporate authority and waiver of tax required in some states when settling estates.

 

TAX STATUS

 

The following discussion is general in nature and should not be regarded as an exhaustive presentation of all possible tax ramifications. All shareholders should consult a qualified tax advisor regarding their investment in the Fund.

 

The Fund intends to qualify as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), which requires compliance with certain requirements concerning the sources of its income, diversification of its assets, and the amount and timing of its distributions to shareholders. Such qualification does not involve supervision of management or investment practices or policies by any government agency or bureau. By so qualifying, the Fund should not be subject to federal income or excise tax on its net investment income or net capital gain, which are distributed to shareholders in accordance with the applicable timing requirements. Net investment income and net capital gain of the Fund will be computed in accordance with Section 852 of the Code.

 

Net investment income is made up of dividends and interest less expenses. Net capital gain for a fiscal year is computed by taking into account any capital loss carryforward of the Fund. Capital losses incurred in tax years beginning December 22, 2010 may now be carried forward indefinitely and retain the character of the original loss. Under previously enacted laws, capital losses could be carried forward to offset any capital gains for eight years, and carried forward as short-term capital, irrespective of the character of the original loss. Capital loss carry forwards are available to offset future realized capital gains. To the extent that these carry forwards are used to offset future capital gains it is probable that the amount offset will not be distributed to shareholders.

 

At September 30, 2016, the Fund had capital loss carry forwards for federal income tax purposes available to offset future capital gains as follows:

 

Non-Expiring              Non-Expiring

Short-Term                  Long-Term                 Total

$1,882,945                  $366,032               $2,248,977

 

The Fund intends to distribute all of its net investment income, any excess of net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses, and any excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses in accordance with the timing requirements imposed by the Code and therefore should not be required to pay any federal income or excise taxes. Distributions of net investment income and net capital gain will be made at least annually, no later than December 31 of each year. Both types of distributions will be in shares of the Fund unless a shareholder elects to receive cash.

 

55 
 

To be treated as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code, the Fund must also (a) derive at least 90% of its gross income from dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans, net income from certain publicly traded partnerships and gains from the sale or other disposition of securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to the business of investing in such securities or currencies, and (b) diversify its holding so that, at the end of each fiscal quarter, (i) at least 50% of the market value of the Fund’s assets is represented by cash, U.S. government securities and securities of other regulated investment companies, and other securities (for purposes of this calculation, generally limited in respect of any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the market value of the Fund’s assets and 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer) and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of its assets is invested in the securities of (other than U.S. government securities or the securities of other regulated investment companies) any one issuer, two or more issuers which the Fund controls and which are determined to be engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses, or the securities of certain publicly traded partnerships.

 

If the Fund fails to qualify as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M in any fiscal year, it will be treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes. As such the Fund would be required to pay income taxes on its net investment income and net realized capital gains, if any, at the rates generally applicable to corporations. Shareholders of the Fund generally would not be liable for income tax on the Fund’s net investment income or net realized capital gains in their individual capacities. Distributions to shareholders, whether from the Fund’s net investment income or net realized capital gains, would be treated as taxable dividends to the extent of current or accumulated earnings and profits of the Fund.

 

The Fund is subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on certain undistributed amounts of ordinary income and capital gain under a prescribed formula contained in Section 4982 of the Code. The formula requires payment to shareholders during a calendar year of distributions representing at least 98% of the Fund’s ordinary income for the calendar year and at least 98.2% of its capital gain net income (i.e., the excess of its capital gains over capital losses) realized during the one-year period ending October 31 during such year plus 100% of any income that was neither distributed nor taxed to the Fund during the preceding calendar year. Under ordinary circumstances, the Fund expects to time its distributions so as to avoid liability for this tax.

 

The following discussion of tax consequences is for the general information of shareholders that are subject to tax. Shareholders that are IRAs or other qualified retirement plans are exempt from income taxation under the Code.

 

Distributions of taxable net investment income and the excess of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. In most cases the Fund will hold shares in Underlying Funds for less than 12 months, such that its sales of such shares from time to time will not qualify as long-term capital gains for those investors who hold shares of the Fund in taxable accounts.

 

Distributions of net capital gain (“capital gain dividends”) generally are taxable to shareholders as short-term capital gain; regardless of the length of time the shares of the Trust have been held by such shareholders.

 

For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2012, certain U.S. shareholders, including individuals and estates and trusts, will be subject to an additional 3.8% Medicare tax on all or a

56 
 

portion of their “net investment income,” which should include dividends from the Fund and net gains from the disposition of shares of the Fund. U.S. shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisers regarding the implications of the additional Medicare tax resulting from an investment in the Fund.

 

Redemption of Fund shares by a shareholder will result in the recognition of taxable gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized and the shareholder’s tax basis in his or her Fund shares. Such gain or loss is treated as a capital gain or loss if the shares are held as capital assets. However, any loss realized upon the redemption of shares within six months from the date of their purchase will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any amounts treated as capital gain dividends during such six-month period. All or a portion of any loss realized upon the redemption of shares may be disallowed to the extent shares are purchased (including shares acquired by means of reinvested dividends) within 30 days before or after such redemption.

 

Distributions of taxable net investment income and net capital gain will be taxable as described above, whether received in additional cash or shares. Shareholders electing to reinvest distributions in the form of additional shares will have a cost basis for federal income tax purposes in each share so received equal to the net asset value of a share on the reinvestment date.

 

All distributions of taxable net investment income and net capital gain, whether received in shares or in cash, must be reported by each taxable shareholder on his or her federal income tax return. Dividends or distributions declared in October, November or December as of a record date in such a month, if any, will be deemed to have been received by shareholders on December 31, if paid during January of the following year. Redemptions of shares may result in tax consequences (gain or loss) to the shareholder and are also subject to these reporting requirements.

 

Under the Code, the Fund will be required to report to the Internal Revenue Service all distributions of taxable income and capital gains as well as gross proceeds from the redemption or exchange of Fund shares, except in the case of certain exempt shareholders. Under the backup withholding provisions of Section 3406 of the Code, distributions of taxable net investment income and net capital gain and proceeds from the redemption or exchange of the shares of a regulated investment company may be subject to withholding of federal income tax in the case of non-exempt shareholders who fail to furnish the investment company with their taxpayer identification numbers and with required certifications regarding their status under the federal income tax law, or if the Fund is notified by the IRS or a broker that withholding is required due to an incorrect TIN or a previous failure to report taxable interest or dividends. If the withholding provisions are applicable, any such distributions and proceeds, whether taken in cash or reinvested in additional shares, will be reduced by the amounts required to be withheld.

 

Other Reporting and Withholding Requirements

 

Payments to a shareholder that is either a foreign financial institution (“FFI”) or a non-financial foreign entity (“NFFE”) within the meaning of the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”) may be subject to a generally nonrefundable 30% withholding tax on: (a) income dividends paid by a Fund after June 30, 2014 and (b) certain capital gain distributions and the proceeds arising from the sale of Fund shares paid by the Fund after December 31, 2016. FATCA withholding tax generally can be avoided: (a) by an FFI, subject to any applicable intergovernmental agreement or other exemption, if it enters into a valid agreement with the IRS to, among other requirements, report required information about certain direct and indirect ownership of foreign financial accounts held by

57 
 

U.S. persons with the FFI and (b) by an NFFE, if it: (i) certifies that it has no substantial U.S. persons as owners or (ii) if it does have such owners, reports information relating to them. A Fund may disclose the information that it receives from its shareholders to the IRS, non-U.S. taxing authorities or other parties as necessary to comply with FATCA. Withholding also may be required if a foreign entity that is a shareholder of a Fund fails to provide the Fund with appropriate certifications or other documentation concerning its status under FATCA.

 

Options, Futures, Forward Contracts and Swap Agreements

 

To the extent such investments are permissible for the Fund, the Fund’s transactions in options, futures contracts, hedging transactions, forward contracts, straddles and foreign currencies will be subject to special tax rules (including mark-to-market, constructive sale, straddle, wash sale and short sale rules), the effect of which may be to accelerate income to the Fund, defer losses to the Fund, cause adjustments in the holding periods of the Fund’s securities, convert long-term capital gains into short-term capital gains and convert short-term capital losses into long-term capital losses. These rules could therefore affect the amount, timing and character of distributions to shareholders.

 

To the extent such investments are permissible, certain of the Fund’s hedging activities (including its transactions, if any, in foreign currencies or foreign currency-denominated instruments) are likely to produce a difference between its book income and its taxable income. If the Fund’s book income exceeds its taxable income, the distribution (if any) of such excess book income will be treated as (i) a dividend to the extent of the Fund’s remaining earnings and profits (including earnings and profits arising from tax-exempt income), (ii) thereafter, as a return of capital to the extent of the recipient’s basis in the shares, and (iii) thereafter, as gain from the sale or exchange of a capital asset. If the Fund’s book income is less than taxable income, the Fund could be required to make distributions exceeding book income to qualify as a regulated investment company that is accorded special tax treatment.

 

Passive Foreign Investment Companies

 

Investment by the Fund in certain “passive foreign investment companies” (“PFICs”) could subject the Fund to a U.S. federal income tax (including interest charges) on distributions received from the company or on proceeds received from the disposition of shares in the company, which tax cannot be eliminated by making distributions to Fund shareholders. However, the Fund may elect to treat a PFIC as a “qualified electing fund” (“QEF election”), in which case the Fund will be required to include its share of the company’s income and net capital gains annually, regardless of whether it receives any distribution from the company.

 

The Fund also may make an election to mark the gains (and to a limited extent losses) in such holdings “to the market” as though it had sold and repurchased its holdings in those PFICs on the last day of the Fund’s taxable year. Such gains and losses are treated as ordinary income and loss. The QEF and mark-to-market elections may accelerate the recognition of income (without the receipt of cash) and increase the amount required to be distributed for the Fund to avoid taxation. Making either of these elections therefore may require the Fund to liquidate other investments (including when it is not advantageous to do so) to meet its distribution requirement, which also may accelerate the recognition of gain and affect the Fund’s total return.

 

 

 

58 
 

Foreign Currency Transactions

 

The Fund’s transactions in foreign currencies, foreign currency-denominated debt securities and certain foreign currency options, futures contracts and forward contracts (and similar instruments) may give rise to ordinary income or loss to the extent such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency concerned.

 

Foreign Taxation

 

Income received by the Fund from sources within foreign countries may be subject to withholding and other taxes imposed by such countries. Tax treaties and conventions between certain countries and the U.S. may reduce or eliminate such taxes. If more than 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets at the close of its taxable year consists of securities of foreign corporations, the Fund may be able to elect to “pass through” to its shareholders the amount of eligible foreign income and similar taxes paid by the Fund. If this election is made, a shareholder generally subject to tax will be required to include in gross income (in addition to taxable dividends actually received) his or her pro rata share of the foreign taxes paid by the Fund, and may be entitled either to deduct (as an itemized deduction) his or her pro rata share of foreign taxes in computing his or her taxable income or to use it as a foreign tax credit against his or her U.S. federal income tax liability, subject to certain limitations. In particular, a shareholder must hold his or her shares (without protection from risk of loss) on the ex-dividend date and for at least 15 more days during the 30-day period surrounding the ex-dividend date to be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to a gain dividend. No deduction for foreign taxes may be claimed by a shareholder who does not itemize deductions. Each shareholder will be notified within 60 days after the close of the Fund’s taxable year whether the foreign taxes paid by the Fund will “pass through” for that year.

 

Generally, a credit for foreign taxes is subject to the limitation that it may not exceed the shareholder’s U.S. tax attributable to his or her total foreign source taxable income. For this purpose, if the pass-through election is made, the source of the Fund’s income will flow through to shareholders of the Fund. With respect to the Fund, gains from the sale of securities will be treated as derived from U.S. sources and certain currency fluctuation gains, including fluctuation gains from foreign currency-denominated debt securities, receivables and payables will be treated as ordinary income derived from U.S. sources. The limitation on the foreign tax credit is applied separately to foreign source passive income, and to certain other types of income. A shareholder may be unable to claim a credit for the full amount of his or her proportionate share of the foreign taxes paid by the Fund. The foreign tax credit can be used to offset only 90% of the revised alternative minimum tax imposed on corporations and individuals and foreign taxes generally are not deductible in computing alternative minimum taxable income.

 

Original Issue Discount and Pay-In-Kind Securities

 

Current federal tax law requires the holder of a U.S. Treasury or other fixed income zero coupon security to accrue as income each year a portion of the discount at which the security was purchased, even though the holder receives no interest payment in cash on the security during the year. In addition, pay-in-kind securities will give rise to income, which is required to be distributed and is taxable even though the Fund holding the security receives no interest payment in cash on the security during the year.

 

59 
 

Some of the debt securities (with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance) that may be acquired by the Fund may be treated as debt securities that are issued originally at a discount. Generally, the amount of the original issue discount (“OID”) is treated as interest income and is included in income over the term of the debt security, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, usually when the debt security matures. A portion of the OID includable in income with respect to certain high-yield corporate debt securities (including certain pay-in-kind securities) may be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

 

Some of the debt securities (with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance) that may be acquired by the Fund in the secondary market may be treated as having market discount. Generally, any gain recognized on the disposition of, and any partial payment of principal on, a debt security having market discount is treated as ordinary income to the extent the gain, or principal payment, does not exceed the “accrued market discount” on such debt security. Market discount generally accrues in equal daily installments. The Fund may make one or more of the elections applicable to debt securities having market discount, which could affect the character and timing of recognition of income.

 

Some debt securities (with a fixed maturity date of one year or less from the date of issuance) that may be acquired by the Fund may be treated as having acquisition discount, or OID in the case of certain types of debt securities. Generally, the Fund will be required to include the acquisition discount, or OID, in income over the term of the debt security, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, usually when the debt security matures. The Fund may make one or more of the elections applicable to debt securities having acquisition discount, or OID, which could affect the character and timing of recognition of income.

 

If the Fund holds the foregoing kinds of securities, it may be required to pay out as an income distribution each year an amount that is greater than the total amount of cash interest the Fund actually received. Such distributions may be made from the cash assets of the Fund or by liquidation of portfolio securities, if necessary (including when it is not advantageous to do so). The Fund may realize gains or losses from such liquidations. In the event the Fund realizes net capital gains from such transactions, its shareholders may receive a larger capital gain distribution, if any, than they would in the absence of such transactions.

 

Shareholders of the Fund may be subject to state and local taxes on distributions received from the Fund and on redemptions of the Fund’s shares.

 

A brief explanation of the form and character of the distribution accompany each distribution. In January of each year the Fund issues to each shareholder a statement of the federal income tax status of all distributions.

 

Shareholders should consult their tax advisors about the application of federal, state and local and foreign tax law in light of their particular situation.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

60 
 

INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

RSM US LLP, located at 555 Seventeenth Street, Suite 1000, Denver, Colorado 80202, serves as independent registered public accounting firm for the Fund. RSM US LLP performs annual audits of the Fund’s financial statements and provides other audit, tax and related services for the fund.

 

LEGAL COUNSEL

 

Thompson Hine LLP, 41 South High Street, Suite 1700, Columbus, Ohio 43215 serves as the Trust’s legal counsel.

 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

The financial statements and report of the independent registered public accounting firm required to be included in this SAI are hereby incorporated by reference to the Annual Report for the Fund for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016. You can obtain a copy of the Annual Report without charge by calling the Fund at 1-888-868-9501.

 

61 
 

APPENDIX A

DESCRIPTION OF BOND RATINGS

 

Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group. A Standard & Poor’s corporate bond rating is a current assessment of the credit worthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific obligation. This assessment of credit worthiness may take into consideration obligors, such as guarantors, insurers or lessees. The debt rating is not a recommendation to purchase, sell or hold a security, inasmuch as it does not comment as to market price or suitability for a particular investor.

 

The ratings are based on current information furnished to Standard & Poor’s by the issuer or obtained by Standard & Poor’s from other sources it considers reliable. Standard & Poor’s does not perform any audit in connection with the ratings and may, on occasion, rely on unaudited financial information. The ratings may be changed, suspended or withdrawn as a result of changes in, unavailability of such information, or for other circumstances.

 

The ratings are based, in varying degrees, on the following considerations:

 

1. Likelihood of default-capacity and willingness of the obligor as to the timely payment of interest and repayment of principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation.

 

2. Nature of and provisions of the obligation.

 

3. Protection afforded by, and relative position of, the obligation in the event of bankruptcy, reorganization or their arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors’ rights.

 

AAA - This is the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor’s to a debt obligation and indicates an extremely strong capacity to pay interest and repay any principal.

 

AA - Debt rated AA also qualifies as high quality debt obligations. Capacity to pay interest and repay principal is very strong and in the majority of instances they differ from AAA issues only in small degree.

 

A - Debt rated A has a strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal although it is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than debt in higher rated categories.

 

BBB - Debt rated BBB is regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay interest and repay principal. Whereas they normally exhibit protection parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay interest and repay principal for debt in this category than in higher rated categories.

 

BB, B, CCC, CC, C - Debt rated BB, B, CCC, CC and C is regarded, on a balance, as predominantly speculative with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation.

 

BB indicates the lowest degree of speculation and C the highest degree of speculation. While such debt will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these are outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse conditions.

A-1 
 

BB - Debt rated BB has less near-term vulnerability to default than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, which could lead to inadequate capacity to meet timely interest and principal payments. The BB rating category is also used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied BBB rating.

 

B - Debt rated B has greater vulnerability to default but currently has the capacity to meet interest payments and principal repayments. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair capacity or willingness to pay interest and repay principal. The B rating category is also used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied BB or BB- rating.

 

CCC - Debt rated CCC has a currently indefinable vulnerability to default, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial and economic conditions to meet timely payment of interest and repayment of principal. In the event of adverse business, financial or economic conditions, it is not likely to have the capacity to pay interest and repay principal. The CCC rating category is also used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied B or B- rating.

 

CC - The rating CC is typically applied to debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied CCC rating.

 

C - The rating C is typically applied to debt subordinated to senior debt, which is assigned an actual or implied CCC- debt rating. The C rating may be used to cover a situation where a bankruptcy petition has been filed, but debt service payments are continued.

 

C1 - The rating C1 is reserved for income bonds on which no interest is being paid.

 

D - Debt rated D is in payment default. It is used when interest payments or principal payments are not made on a due date even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that such payments will be made during such grace periods; it will also be used upon a filing of a bankruptcy petition if debt service payments are jeopardized. Plus (+) or Minus (-) - To provide more detailed indications of credit quality, the ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus or minus sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.

 

NR - indicates that no public rating has been requested, that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that Standard & Poor’s does not rate a particular type of obligation as a matter of policy. Debt obligations of issuers outside the United States and its territories are rated on the same basis as domestic corporate issues. The ratings measure the credit worthiness of the obligor but do not take into account currency exchange and related uncertainties.

 

Bond Investment Quality Standards: Under present commercial bank regulations issued by the Comptroller of the Currency, bonds rated in the top four categories (AAA, AA, A, BBB, commonly known as “Investment Grade” ratings) are generally regarded as eligible for bank investment. In addition, the Legal Investment Laws of various states may impose certain rating or other standards for obligations eligible for investment by savings banks, trust companies, insurance companies and fiduciaries generally.

 

Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. A brief description of the applicable Moody’s rating symbols and their meanings follows:

A-2 
 

Aaa - Bonds which are rated Aaa are judged to be of the best quality. They carry the smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as “gilt edge”. Interest payments are protected by a large or by an exceptionally stable margin and principal is secure. While the various protective elements are likely to change such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of such issues.

 

Aa - Bonds which are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by all standards. Together with the Aaa group they comprise what are generally known as high grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of protection may not be as large as in Aaa securities or fluctuations of protective elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present which make the long-term risks appear somewhat larger than in Aaa securities.

 

A - Bonds which are rated A possess many favorable investment attributes and are to be considered as upper medium grade obligations. Factors giving security to principal and interest are considered adequate, but elements may be present which suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future.

 

Baa - Bonds which are rated Baa are considered as medium grade obligations, i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured. Interest payments and principal security appear adequate for the present but certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great length of time. Some bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in fact have speculative characteristics as well.

 

NOTE: Bonds within the above categories which possess the strongest investment attributes are designated by the symbol “1” following the rating.

 

Ba - Bonds which are rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements; their future cannot be considered as well assured. Often the protection of interest and principal payments may be very moderate and thereby not well safeguarded during good and bad times over the future. Uncertainty of position characterizes bonds in this class.

 

B - Bonds which are rated B generally lack characteristics of the desirable investment. Assurance of interest and principal payments or of maintenance of other terms of the contract over any long period of time may be small.

 

Caa - Bonds which are rated Caa are of poor standing. Such issues may be in default or there may be present elements of danger with respect to principal or interest.

 

Ca - Bonds which are rated Ca represent obligations which are speculative in a high degree. Such issues are often in default or have other marked shortcomings.

 

C - Bonds which are rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds and issue so rated can be regarded as having extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment standing.

 

Duff & Phelps, Inc.: AAA-- highest credit quality, with negligible risk factors; AA -- high credit quality, with strong protection factors and modest risk, which may vary very slightly from time to time because of economic conditions; A-- average credit quality with adequate protection factors, but with greater and more variable risk factors in periods of economic stress. The indicators “+” and “-” to the AA and A categories indicate the relative position of a credit within those rating categories.

A-3 
 

Fitch Investors Service LLP.: AAA -- highest credit quality, with an exceptionally strong ability to pay interest and repay principal; AA -- very high credit quality, with very strong ability to pay interest and repay principal; A -- high credit quality, considered strong as regards principal and interest protection, but may be more vulnerable to adverse changes in economic conditions and circumstances. The indicators “+” and “-” to the AA, A and BBB categories indicate the relative position of credit within those rating categories.

 

DESCRIPTION OF NOTE RATINGS

 

A Standard & Poor’s note rating reflects the liquidity concerns and market access risks unique to notes. Notes due in three years or less will likely receive a note rating. Notes maturing beyond three years will most likely receive a long-term debt rating. The following criteria will be used in making that assessment.

 

Amortization schedule (the larger the final maturity relative to other maturities the more likely it will be treated as a note).

 

Source of Payment (the more dependent the issue is on the market for its refinancing, the more likely it will be treated as a note.) Note rating symbols are as

follows:

 

SP-1 Very strong or strong capacity to pay principal and interest. Those issues determined to possess overwhelming safety characteristics will be given a plus (+) designation.

 

SP-2 Satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest.

 

SP-3 Speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.

Moody’s Short-Term Loan Ratings - Moody’s ratings for state and municipal short-term obligations will be designated Moody’s Investment Grade (MIG). This distinction is in recognition of the differences between short-term credit risk and long-term risk. Factors affecting the liquidity of the borrower are uppermost in importance in short-term borrowing, while various factors of major importance in bond risk are of lesser importance over the short run.

 

Rating symbols and their meanings follow:

 

MIG 1 - This designation denotes best quality. There is present strong protection by established cash flows, superior liquidity support or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.

 

MIG 2 - This designation denotes high quality. Margins of protection are ample although not so large as in the preceding group.

 

MIG 3 - This designation denotes favorable quality. All security elements are accounted for but this is lacking the undeniable strength of the preceding grades. Liquidity and cash flow protection may be narrow and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well established.

 

MIG 4 - This designation denotes adequate quality. Protection commonly regarded as required of an investment security is present and although not distinctly or predominantly speculative, there is specific risk.

A-4 
 

COMMERCIAL PAPER RATINGS

 

Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.: Commercial paper rated “Prime” carries the smallest degree of investment risk. The modifiers 1, 2, and 3 are used to denote relative strength within this highest classification.

 

Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group: “A” is the highest commercial paper rating category utilized by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group which uses the numbers 1+, 1, 2 and 3 to denote relative strength within its “A” classification.

 

Duff & Phelps Inc.: Duff 1 is the highest commercial paper rating category utilized by Duff & Phelps which uses + or - to denote relative strength within this classification. Duff 2 represents good certainty of timely payment, with minimal risk factors. Duff 3 represents satisfactory protection factors, with risk factors larger and subject to more variation.

 

Fitch Investors Service LLP.: F-1+ -- denotes exceptionally strong credit quality given to issues regarded as having strongest degree of assurance for timely payment; F-1 -- very strong, with only slightly less degree of assurance for timely payment than F-1+; F-2 -- good credit quality, carrying a satisfactory degree of assurance for timely payment.

 

A-5 
 

 

APPENDIX B

 

Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC

Policy

Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC (ADVISER), as a matter of policy and as a fiduciary, has responsibility for voting proxies for portfolio securities consistent with the best economic interests of the Funds, Portfolios and clients. Our firm maintains written policies and procedures as to the handling, research, voting and reporting of proxy voting and makes appropriate disclosures about our firm’s proxy policies and practices. Our policy and practice includes the responsibility to monitor corporate actions, receive and vote client proxies and disclose any potential conflicts of interest as well as making information available to clients about the voting of proxies for their portfolio securities and maintaining relevant and required records.

Background

Proxy voting is an important right of shareholders and reasonable care and diligence must be undertaken to ensure that such rights are properly and timely exercised.

Investment advisers registered with the SEC, and which exercise voting authority with respect to client securities, are required by Rule 206(4)-6 of the Advisers Act to (a) adopt and implement written policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to ensure that client securities are voted in the best interests of clients, which must include how an adviser addresses material conflicts that may arise between an adviser’s interests and those of its Funds, Portfolios and clients; (b) to disclose to Funds, Portfolios and clients how they may obtain information from the adviser with respect to the voting of proxies for their securities; (c) to describe to clients a summary of its proxy voting policies and procedures and, upon request, furnish a copy to its clients; and (d) maintain certain records relating to the adviser’s proxy voting activities when the adviser does have proxy voting authority.

Responsibility

The ADVISER’s Chief Compliance Officer has the responsibility for the implementation and monitoring of our proxy voting policy, practices, disclosures and record keeping, including outlining our voting guidelines in our procedures.

Procedure

ADVISER has adopted procedures to implement the firm’s policy and reviews to monitor and insure the firm’s policy is observed, implemented properly and amended or updated, as appropriate, which include the following:

 

B-1 
 

Voting Procedures

I.              INTRODUCTION

ADVISER has adopted proxy voting policies and procedures as required by Rule 206(4)-6 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. These policies and procedures are effective 2010.

II.            GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Non-Routine Proxy Proposals shall mean:

·                     Proxy proposals that are to be considered on a case-by-case basis,

·                     Proxy proposals that Advisor generally abstains from voting on, and

·                     Proxy proposals that are not addressed by the Principles and Guidelines section of the Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures.

Proxy Manager shall be Michael Sabre, Chief Compliance Officer.

Proxy Committee shall be comprised of the following person(s):

1)       Greg Anderson, Managing Partner

2)       John Sabre, Managing Partner

A quorum of the Proxy Committee shall be comprised of at least one member.

Routine Proxy Proposals shall mean proxy proposals that the Proxy Manager shall cast either yes or no votes in accordance with the Principles and Guidelines noted below.

III.       PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINE

A.           Principles

ADVISER’s primary purpose and fiduciary responsibility is to maximize shareholder value, which is defined as share price and dividend appreciation. ADVISER will vote proxies in the best interests of our Funds, Portfolios and clients and will generally vote for, against, consider on a case-by-case basis, or abstain from voting as indicated below. Because of the extenuating circumstances associated with specific proxy issues, ADVISER’s votes may differ from time to time from the indications noted. In addition, the list may not include all proxies on which ADVISER votes. ADVISER will also act, in our best judgment, on behalf of our Funds, Portfolios and clients on certain corporate actions that impact shareholder value, such as tender offers and bankruptcy proceedings.

B-2 
 

Voting Guidelines

1. Routine Business Decisions and Director Related Proposals

Advisor votes for:

a)             Name changes

b)             Directors in uncontested elections

c)              Elimination/limitation of directors’ liability

d)             Indemnification of directors

e)             Reincorporation that is not a takeover defense

Advisor considers on a case-by-case basis:

f)              Directors in contested elections

g)             Approval of auditors.

2.       Corporate Governance

Advisor votes for:

Majority independent board

Audit, compensation & nominating committees that are comprised exclusively of independent directors Minimum director share ownership

Separate offices of chairperson and CEO

Limitation on number of other board seats

Confidential voting

Shareholders ‘ ability to remove directors

Shareholder right to call special meetings

 

Advisor votes against:

a)            Supermajority vote requirements

b)            Limiting directors‘ tenure

c)            Restrictions on shareholders to act by written consent

ADVISER considers on a case-by-case basis:

d)            Shareholder proposals

e)            Dissident proxy battle

 

3.       Director and Executive Compensation

ADVISER votes for:

a)             Disclosure of executive compensation Advisor votes against:

b)             Golden and tin parachutes

B-3 
 

ADVISER considers on a case-by-case basis:

c)              Restricting executive compensation

d)             Executive compensation plans

e)             Establish/Increase share option plans for directors and executives

 

4.         Take-Over Defense

ADVISER votes against:

a)      Reincorporation to prevent takeover

b)      Issue new class of common stock with unequal voting rights

c)      Adoption of fair price amendments

d)      Establish a classified (or “staggered”) board of directors

e)      Eliminating cumulative voting

f)      Poison pills

g)      Blank check preferred stock

5.         Capital Structure

ADVISER votes for:

a)          Increase authorized common stock (unless additional stock is a takeover defense, i.e., poison pill).

b)          Share repurchase programs (when all shareholders may participate on equal terms)

ADVISER votes against:

c)          Unequal voting rights, such as dual class of stock

d)          Pre-emptive rights

ADVISER considers on a case-by-case basis:

e)          Increase preferred stock

f)          Blank check preferred stock (not for takeover defense)

g)          Restructuring plans

6.         Other Shareholder Value Issues Advisor votes for:

a)          Employee stock ownership plans (ESOPs)

b)          Employee stock purchase plans

c)          401(k) plans

ADVISER votes against:

d)          Greenmail

ADVISER considers on a case-by-case basis:

e)          Mergers and acquisitions

d)       Spin-offs and asset sales

7.         Corporate, Social and Environmental Policy Proposals

As noted above, ADVISER’s fiduciary responsibility is the maintenance and growth of our clients’ assets. Accordingly, ADVISER will typically vote in accordance with management’s recommendations or abstain from voting on proposals concerning corporate policy and social and environmental issues. When such proposals impact shareholder value, Advisor may vote on a case-by-case basis.

 

B-4 
 

8.       Specific to Mutual Funds

ADVISER serves as investment adviser to certain investment companies under the Northern Lights Fund Trust. These funds invest in other investment companies that are not affiliated (“Underlying Funds”) and are required by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”) Act to handle proxies received from Underlying Funds in a certain manner. Notwithstanding the guidelines provided in these procedures, it is the policy of ADVISER to vote all proxies received from the Underlying Funds in the same proportion that all shares of the Underlying Funds are voted, or in accordance with instructions received from fund shareholders, pursuant to Section 12(d)(1)(F) of the 1940 Act. After properly voted, the proxy materials are placed in a file maintained by the Chief Compliance Officer for future reference.

 

IV.               Conflicts of Interest

On occasion, a conflict of interest may exist between ADVISER and Funds, Portfolios and clients regarding the outcome of certain proxy votes. In such cases, ADVISER is committed to resolving the conflict in the best interest of our Funds, Portfolios and clients before we vote the proxy in question.

If the proxy proposal is a Routine Proxy Proposal, ADVISER will typically adhere to the standard procedure of referring to the principles and guidelines described herein in deciding how to vote. Alternatively, ADVISER may disclose the conflict to our clients and obtain their consent before voting or seek the recommendation of an independent third party in deciding how to vote.

If the proxy proposal is a Non-Routine Proxy Proposal, ADVISER will take any of the following courses of action to resolve the conflict:

1)        Disclose the conflict to our Funds, Portfolios and clients and obtain consent before voting;

2)        Suggest that our Funds, Portfolios and clients engage another party to determine how the proxy should be voted; or

3)        Vote according to the recommendation of an independent third party, such as a:

·                     proxy consultant;

·                     research analyst;

·                     proxy voting department of a mutual fund or pension fund; or

·                     compliance consultant.

V.        Obtaining More Information

Funds, Portfolios and clients may obtain a record of ADVISER’S proxy voting, free of charge, by calling (888) 868-9501.

These policies and procedures may also be found in ADVISER’s Compliance Program Manual and supporting schedules.

B-5 
 

Procedures

When the mail arrives, the person responsible for separating the mail gives any proxy materials to the person who handles compliance issues. The proxy materials are then opened by the Compliance person. The ticker symbol for the security noted on the proxy is located. A Security Cross Reference report is run in Axys as of the record date, as stated on the proxy. This report tells how many shares were owned by Funds, Portfolios and clients as of the record date, and can be printed in detail so that the exact clients who held the security on the record date are listed. An email is sent to the Receptionist about the arrival of the proxy. In the email is listed the name of the security, ticker symbol, arrival date, custodian and number of shares.

Once the Security Cross Reference report has been run, the number of shares on the report is compared to the number of shares to be voted on the proxy.

If the number of shares between the two reports matches, then the Security Cross Reference report is attached to the proxy materials and forwarded to the Portfolio Manager to be voted according to ADVISER’s proxy voting policies.

If the number of shares does not match, then reasonable efforts will be made to resolve the difference, such as:

·Rerunning the Security Cross Reference report for other dates around the record date of the proxy to see if the security transferred into ADVISER after the record date, even though the client owned it as of the record date.
·Calling the custodian to confirm the clients per their records that are included in the proxy count, and then verifying that information to the Security Cross Reference report. There may be differences due to clients having made the decision to vote their proxies, in which case, the proxies would go directly to the clients.

 

If the difference still cannot be resolved, the matter is reviewed with the Portfolio Manager as to the next action to be taken. If the difference is determined to be immaterial and is approved by the Portfolio Manager, then the proxy will stand as is.

 

Once the shares have been reconciled, then the proxy materials and the Security Cross Reference report are then given to the Portfolio Manager to vote.

 

The Portfolio Manager will generally vote the routine proxies in accordance with the principles and guidelines described in ADVISER’s Proxy Voting Policy and sign the proxy. For Non-Routine Proxy Proposals, the Portfolio Manager will vote them on a case-by-case basis. The vote and the rationale will be noted as documentation for the vote.

Once the Portfolio Manager has voted the proxies, they will be given to the Receptionist for processing. If the proxy is to be mailed, then a copy of the proxy is made, attached to the proxy materials that support the vote and Security Cross Reference report and filed in chronological order. This file is maintained by year.

If the proxy was voted electronically, the original proxy with the notes on it is as to how the proxy was voted, are maintained and attached to the proxy materials that support the vote and Security Cross Reference report, and filed in chronological order, just like proxies that are mailed.

B-6 
 

The Receptionist then enters the necessary information in the Proxy Voting Database. The following information is entered:

 

  • Name of Company
  • Proxy Proposal
  • Management’s recommendation
  • ADVISER’s Action
  • Rationale for the vote
  • List of clients to whom the proxy vote applies.

Should ADVISER receive any requests from clients regarding proxy voting, the Receptionist will maintain a record of the requests from the specific clients, which will include:

 

  • Name of the Client
  • Date that the request was received
  • Whether the request was for a complete or partial record of proxy votes
  • The documents provided
  • Date that the information was sent to the client

A copy of the information sent to the client will be retained in a chronological file, maintained by year.

Disclosure

The ADVISER will provide conspicuously displayed information in its Compliance Program Manual in the Supporting Schedules, summarizing this proxy voting policy and procedures. Clients may request information regarding how ADVISER voted a client’s proxies, and that clients may request a copy of these policies and procedures.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

B-7 
 

Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures Sandalwood Securities, Inc.

Sandalwood has adopted written Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures (“Proxy Procedures”), as required by Rule206(4)-6, governing conflict of interest resolution, disclosure, reporting and recordkeeping relating to voting proxies.

As a manager of funds of funds, Sandalwood typically does not have discretion to vote proxies solicited by issuers held indirectly through an underlying hedge fund or portfolio manager. Sandalwood’s Proxy Procedures provide that in unusual circumstance where Sandalwood has proxy voting authority for securities held by the Funds, Sandalwood will vote such securities for the exclusive benefit, and in the best interest, of those Funds and their investors, as determined by Sandalwood in good faith. Such voting responsibilities will be exercised in a manner that is consistent with the general antifraud provisions of the Advisers Act, as well as with Sandalwood’s fiduciary duties under federal and state law to act in the best interests of the Funds. Moreover, Sandalwood’s procedures have been reasonably designed to address situations where a material conflict may exist between Sandalwood’s interests and those of the Funds.

To the extent that the Firm has discretion to vote the proxies of its advisory clients, the Firm will vote any such proxies in the best interests of the Funds. Sandalwood defines “Best Interest of the Funds” as that which is reasonably believed by Sandalwood to be the Fund’s best economic interest over the long-term (i.e., the common interest that all Funds, as shareholders in the soliciting issuer, share in seeing the value of a common investment increase over time). Because the Funds invest almost exclusively in Underlying Funds, Sandalwood expects that proxies it receives will address matters related to the operative terms and business details of the Underlying Funds. Sandalwood is not responsible for, and these procedures are not applicable to, proxies received by the investment managers of the Underlying Funds.

Sandalwood will generally vote against proposals that (i) reduce Sandalwood’s ability to replace members of the Underlying Fund’s managers, directors, trustees, or general partners, as the case may be, or (ii) introduce unequal voting rights (although there may be regulatory reasons that would make such a proposal favorable to certain advisory clients of Sandalwood).

For proxies addressing any other issues (which may include proposals related to fees paid to investment managers of underlying investment funds, redemption rights provided by underlying investment funds, investment objective modifications, etc.), Sandalwood shall determine (with the advice of counsel or independent accounts, if deemed appropriate by the President) whether a proposal is in the best interest of affected advisory clients. In doing so, Sandalwood will evaluate, among other things, (i) the performance of the relevant Underlying Fund, and (ii) a comparison of the proposal with terms customary in the private fund industry that address the same or a similar issue.

Sandalwood acknowledges its responsibility for identifying material conflicts of interest related to voting proxies. In order to ensure that Sandalwood is aware of the facts necessary to identify conflicts, Advisory Persons are required to disclose to the CCO any personal conflicts such as officer or director positions held by them, their spouses or close relatives, in any portfolio company. Conflicts based on business relationships with Sandalwood or any affiliate will be considered only to the extent that Sandalwood has actual knowledge of such relationships. Portfolio managers may consult with the CCO or senior management as necessary to identify conflicts.

B-8 
 

Sandalwood takes appropriate steps to address identified conflicts including: (i) voting in accordance with the Proxy Procedures and Guidelines if it involves a routine matter with little or no discretion; (ii) erecting information barriers around the person(s) charged with making a voting decision sufficient to insulate the decision from the conflict; (iii) notifying affected Fund investors of the conflict of interest and seeking a waiver of the conflict or the consent of the investors before voting the proxy; (iv) if agreed upon in writing with the client, forwarding the proxies to affected clients allowing them to vote their own proxies; and (v) convening an ad hoc committee of no fewer than two senior executives and the portfolio manager to debate the conflict and to give ruling on the preferred course of action. In all instances, Sandalwood will seek to resolve the conflict in a manner that is acceptable to all affected parties and in the best interest of clients.

A description of the Proxy Procedures appears in Sandalwood’s Brochure and will be provided to investors in the Funds upon request.

13.1. RECORDKEEPING REQUIREMENTS

Sandalwood will be responsible for maintaining files relating to its proxy voting procedures. Records will be maintained and preserved for five years from the end of the fiscal year during which the last entry was made on a record, with records for the first two years kept in Sandalwood’s offices. Records of the following will be included in the files: (a) copies of those proxy voting policies and procedures, and any amendments thereto; (b) a copy of each proxy statement that Sandalwood actually receives, provided, however that Sandalwood may rely on obtaining a copy of proxy statements from the SEC’s EDGAR system for those proxy statements that are so available; (c) a record of each vote that Sandalwood casts; and (d) a copy of any document relating to the proxies (e.g., documents created by Sandalwood with regard to its voting decision).

13.2. PROXY VOTING FOR ACCOUNTS SUBJECT TO ERISA

The U.S. Department of Labor (“DOL”) provided investment managers the following guidance about their ERISA responsibilities, when voting proxies:

Where the authority to manage plan assets has been delegated to an investment manager, only the investment manager has authority to vote proxies, except when the named fiduciary has reserved to itself or to another named fiduciary (as authorized by the plan document) the right to direct a plan trustee regarding the voting of proxies.

DOL has also indicated that an adviser with a duty to vote proxies has an obligation to take reasonable steps under the circumstances to ensure that it receives the proxies. Appropriate steps include informing the plan sponsor and its trustees, bank custodian or broker-dealer custodian of the requirement that all proxies be forwarded to the adviser, and making periodic reviews during the proxy season, including follow-up letters and phone calls if necessary. When voting proxies, an investment manager must consider proxies as a plan asset and vote only in the best economic interests of the plan participants.

DOL has also indicated that the adviser must properly document votes and that the named fiduciary has a duty to monitor the proxy voting process of the adviser. Advisers should be prepared to issue proxy voting reports to clients. Records of “solicitation” activities by issuers (or others) should be maintained. Records should reflect a verification of each

B-9 
 

proxy to each share in each account. Records should be maintained in such a manner that it is easy to backtrack. Copies of each executed ballot should be maintained.

 

Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures for Deer Park Road Management Company, LP

 

Proxy Voting

 

Policy

 

Deer Park Road Management Co., will vote all proxies received consistent with the best economic interests of the Funds, Portfolios and clients. Our firm maintains written policies and procedures as to the handling, research, voting and reporting of proxy voting and makes appropriate disclosures about our firm’s proxy policies and practices. Our policy and practice includes the responsibility to monitor corporate actions, receive and vote client proxies and disclose any potential conflicts of interest as well as making information available to clients about the voting of proxies for their portfolio securities and maintaining relevant and required records.

 

On occasion, a conflict of interest may exist between Deer Park Road Management Co. and Funds, Portfolios and clients regarding the outcome of certain proxy votes. In such cases, Deer Park Road Management Co. is committed to resolving the conflict in the best interest of our Funds, Portfolios and clients before we vote the proxy in question.

 

 If the proxy proposal is a Routine Proxy Proposal, Deer Park Road will typically adhere to the standard procedure of referring to the principles and guidelines described herein in deciding how to vote. Alternatively, Deer Park Road may disclose the conflict to our clients and obtain their consent before voting or seek the recommendation of an independent third party in deciding how to vote.

 

If the proxy proposal is a Non-Routine Proxy Proposal, Deer Park Road will take any of the following courses of action to resolve the conflict:

1) Disclose the conflict to our Funds, Portfolios and clients and obtain consent before voting;

2) Suggest that our Funds, Portfolios and clients engage another party to determine how the proxy should be voted; or

3) Vote according to the recommendation of an independent third party, such as a:

• proxy consultant;

• research analyst;

• proxy voting department of a mutual fund or pension fund; or

• compliance consultant.

 

Background

 

Proxy voting is an important right of shareholders and reasonable care and diligence must be undertaken to ensure that such rights are properly and timely exercised.

B-10 
 

 

Investment advisers registered with the SEC, and which exercise voting authority with respect to client securities, are required by Rule 206(4)-6 of the Advisers Act to (a) adopt and implement written policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to ensure that client securities are voted in the best interests of clients, which must include how an adviser addresses material conflicts that may arise between an adviser's interests and those of its clients; (b) to disclose to clients how they may obtain information from the adviser with respect to the voting of proxies for their securities; (c) to describe to clients a summary of its proxy voting policies and procedures and, upon request, furnish a copy to its clients; and (d) maintain certain records relating to the adviser's proxy voting activities when the adviser does have proxy voting authority.

 

Responsibility

 

Compliance has the responsibility for the implementation and monitoring of our proxy voting policy, practices, disclosures and record keeping, including outlining our voting guidelines in our procedures.

 

Procedure

 

Deer Park Road Management Co. has adopted procedures to implement the firm’s policy and reviews to monitor and insure the firm’s policy is observed, implemented properly and amended or updated, as appropriate.

 

When the mail arrives, the person responsible for separating the mail gives any proxy materials to compliance who handles compliance issues. The proxy materials are then opened by the Compliance person. The ticker symbol for the security noted on the proxy is located. A cross reference report is run as of the record date, as stated on the proxy. This report tells how many shares were owned by Funds, Portfolios and clients as of the record date, and can be printed in detail so that the exact clients who held the security on the record date are listed. Once the cross reference report has been run, the number of shares on the report is compared to the number of shares to be voted on the proxy. If the number of shares between the two reports matches, then the cross reference report is attached to the proxy materials and forwarded to the Portfolio Manager to be voted according to DPRMC's proxy voting policies. If the number of shares does not match, then

reasonable efforts will be made to resolve the difference, such as:

• Rerunning the cross reference report for other dates around the record date of the proxy to see if the security transferred into DPRMC after the record date, even though the client owned it as of the record date.

• Calling the custodian to confirm the clients per their records that are included in the proxy count, and then verifying that information to the cross reference report. There may be differences due to clients having made the decision to vote their proxies, in which case, the proxies would go directly to the clients.

 

B-11 
 

If the difference still cannot be resolved, the matter is reviewed with the Portfolio Manager as to the next action to be taken. If the difference is determined to be immaterial and is approved by the Portfolio Manager, then the proxy will stand as is.

 

Once the shares have been reconciled, then the proxy materials and the cross reference report are then given to the Portfolio Manager to vote.

 

The Portfolio Manager will generally vote the routine proxies in accordance with the principles and guidelines described in DPRMC’s Proxy Voting Policy and sign the proxy. For Non-Routine Proxy Proposals, the Portfolio Manager will vote them on a case-by-case basis. The vote and the rationale will be noted as documentation for the vote.

 

Once the Portfolio Manager has voted the proxies, they will be processed by the Compliance staff. If the proxy is to be mailed, then a copy of the proxy is made, attached to the proxy materials that support the vote and cross reference report and filed in chronological order. This file is maintained by year. If the proxy was voted electronically, the original proxy with the notes on it is as to how the proxy was voted, are maintained and attached to the proxy materials that support the vote and cross reference report, and filed in chronological order, just like proxies that are mailed.

 

 

The Compliance staff then enters the necessary information in the Proxy Voting Database. The following information is entered:

• Name of Company

• Proxy Proposal

• Management’s recommendation

• DPRMC’s Action

• Rationale for the vote

• List of clients to whom the proxy vote applies.

 

Should Deer Park Road Management Co. receive any requests from clients regarding proxy voting, the Compliance staff will maintain a record of the requests from the specific clients, which will include:

• Name of the Client

• Date that the request was received

• Whether the request was for a complete or partial record of proxy votes

• The documents provided

• Date that the information was sent to the client

 

A copy of the information sent to the client will be retained in a chronological file, maintained by year.

 

 

 

 

B-12 
 

PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES FOR

MIDOCEAN CREDIT FUND MANAGEMENT, LP

We are adopting these proxy voting policies and procedures (“Proxy Policy”) to comply with our obligations under Rule 206(4)-6 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. This Proxy Policy covers each of the general partners and/or management entities listed above (each an “Adviser,” and collectively the “Advisers”). This Proxy Policy consists of the policies, procedures and requirements set forth below and will be periodically reviewed and amended as needed.

 

Definitions

 

“Client” means all private equity funds (“PE Funds”) and any credit funds or separately managed accounts (together “Credit Funds”) for which an Adviser exercises investment discretion. “Client” does not include any investment advisory client if the person retains proxy voting authority.

 

“Proxy” as used in this Proxy Policy includes the submission of a security holder vote by proxy instrument, in person at a meeting of security holders or by written consent. “Proxy” does not include any action taken by an Adviser representative serving on the board of directors or similar body of a portfolio company or entity.

 

“Proxy Voting Administrator” means Andrew L. Spring.

 

Introduction

 

Each Adviser’s policy is to vote any Proxy in the best interest of its Clients. Accordingly, an Adviser will vote any Proxy in a manner intended to promote the Client’s investment objective, usually to maximize investment returns, following the investment restrictions and policies of the Client.

 

These are guidelines only and there may be instances when an Adviser does not vote in accordance with the Proxy Policy due to the specific circumstances of or conflicts with the company in question. An Adviser cannot anticipate every situation and certain issues are better handled on a case-by-case basis. The guidelines included in this Proxy Policy are subject to change as the Advisers periodically reassess these policies and procedures to reflect developments in Proxy voting and the best interest of Clients.

 

Administration

 

The Proxy Voting Administrator will be responsible for the following:

 

·Overall compliance with the Proxy Policy;
·Disclosure of information to Clients;
·Retention of required records relating to Proxies and this Proxy Policy; and
·Reviewing and updating the Proxy Policy as appropriate.
B-13 
 

Proxy Voting Generally

 

The Proxy Voting Administrator will handle intake of all Proxies, record them and then deliver them to J. Edward Virtue, MidOcean’s CEO. Mr. Virtue will discuss the proxy situation with the investment professionals affiliated with the Advisers who oversee the company to which the proxy relates and direct them to vote, the proxy in accordance with this Proxy Policy. With respect to any particular proxy, voting decisions are based, in part, on the Advisers’ knowledge of each company and company management, independent third party research, and information presented by company management. If a specific guideline for a proxy issue is not contemplated in this Proxy Policy, then the proxy will be voted in the best interest of Clients as determined by Mr. Virtue and the investment professionals responsible for the investment.

 

In certain cases, the Adviser may agree, as part of a decision to invest in a particular portfolio company, to vote for certain nominees to a Board or to vote in favor of certain corporate actions (e.g., agreeing to vote in favor of a sale as part of a “drag-along” provision) and may, in the future, as part of the negotiation of an investment, agree, or be required to agree, to similar arrangements. Also, as part of an investment, Adviser may be required to grant a proxy to a third party, such as a lead investor in a syndicate in which Adviser’s Fund participates.

 

If a material conflict of interest arises in voting a Proxy, the Advisers shall follow one of the procedures set forth in the “Material Conflicts of Interest” section of this Proxy Policy. All employees are responsible for notifying the Proxy Voting Administrator with respect to any material conflict of interest related to proxy voting of which they become aware.

 

General Voting Policies – Private Companies

 

Proxy Issue Voting Policies
Board of Directors ·         Advisers generally vote in favor of proposals supported by and against proposals opposed by any member of the board of directors or similar governing body (the “Board”) that was nominated or designated by the Advisers or one of their affiliates, if there is such a director, unless the Advisers believe that the particular rights of the Clients clearly would be better served by voting differently.
Compensation and Capitalization

·         Advisers generally support:

o   Proposals that link reasonable executive compensation to performance, but will review all proposals for creating new classes of stock, authorizing additional shares, issuing stock, issuing options or other rights to acquire stock, creating or making grants under stock appreciation rights or similar equity based compensation plans, redeeming stock or otherwise affecting the Company’s capital structure on a case-by- case basis; and

 

o   Board approved proposals relating to stock splits and reverse stock splits.

B-14 
 

 

Shareholder Action ·         Advisers generally support Board approved proposals relating  to permitting shareholder actions by written consent.
Routine Matters

·         Advisers generally vote in favor of Board Approved proposals

o    Relating to routine business matters, such as changing the company’s name, ratifying auditor appointments, and shareholder meeting procedural matters; and

 

o    Relating to mergers, reorganizations and conversions designed solely to reincorporate, reorganize or convert a company into a Delaware entity.

 

 

 

 

General Voting Policies – Public Companies

 

Proxy Issue Voting Policies
Board of Directors

·         Advisers generally support:

o    decisions reached by independent members of the Board; and

 

o    The company’s nominees for directorships and Board- approved proposals on other matters relating to the Board provided that such nominees and other matters were approved by and independent nominating committee.

 

·         Advisers vote on a case-by-case basis when:

o    Evaluating a Board-approved proposal and such Board does not meet the requisite independence standards (a majority of directors are not independent and/or key committees are not composed solely of independent directors, etc.);

 

o    Director elections are contested;

o    Directors appear over-committed and may be unable to discharge their duties because of other commitments; and

 

o    Reviewing Board-approved proposals regarding acquisitions, mergers, reincorporation, reorganization and other transactions.

Director Elections

·         Advisers will vote a case-by-case basis:

o   For inside directors serving on committees;

o   If within the most recent year and without shareholder approval, a company’s board or its compensation committee has re-priced outstanding options held by

 

B-15 
 

 

 

officers or directors exceeding certain percentages depending on the size of the company

 

o   If without shareholder approval, the board instituted a new poison pill plan, extended an existing plan, or adopted new plan upon the expiration of an existing plan during the last year;

 

o   For the entire board if the nominating, audit, and compensation committees are not composed solely of independent directors;

 

o   For any director who the company considers independent, but who has accepted compensation from the company for services other than being a director; and

 

o   For the entire board if the board has more than 15 or fewer than 5 members.

Majority Independent Board ·         Advisers generally support slates with a substantial majority  of independent directors.
Independent Key Committees ·         Advisers generally support electing independent directors to serve on key committees.
Stock Ownership ·         Advisers will vote on a case-by-case basis whether stock ownership should be.
Requirements for Directors ·         A criterion for Board membership, but in most cases will support such stock.
D&O Indemnity and Liability Protection ·         Advisers generally support.
Separate CEO and Chair Positions ·         Advisers will vote on a case-by-case basis when deciding if the  positions of CEO and Board chairman should be held by different people.
Term Limits ·         Advisers generally oppose term limits.
Classified Board ·         Advisers will decide on case-by-case basis proposals to stagger to classify Board member terms.
Executive Compensation and Equity Based Pay

·         While Advisers evaluate most plans on a case-by-case basis, Adviser’s goal is to ensure that a company’s equity-based compensation plan is aligned with shareholders’ long-term interests. We generally oppose proposals that would allow the Board or its compensation committee to materially amend a plan without shareholder approval.

 

·         Advisers encourage the use of stock-related compensation plans reasonably designed to align corporate management’s interests with the interests of shareholder approval.

Option Re-Pricing ·         Advisers generally oppose plans that support re-pricing of stock options (including cancellation and exchange of options) without shareholder approval.
Equity Plan Dilution ·         Advisers generally oppose excessively dilutive stock option plans.

 

B-16 
 

 

ESOPs ·         Advisers generally support as long as the ESOP is not used as an anti- takeover device.
Golden or Tin Parachutes ·         Advisers generally oppose unless ratified by the shareholders.
Compensation Levels- Caps ·         Advisers generally oppose compensation packages that are excessive or overly generous (as determined by Advisers).
Compensation Level-Disclosure ·         Advisers generally support disclosure of compensation levels for top management for public companies.
Exercise Price ·         Advisers generally oppose plans that grant options with an unspecified exercise price or that allow options to be granted with an exercise price less than 90% of FMV on the date of grant.
Other Stock Awards ·         Advisers generally support stock awards other than stock options  and SARs identified as being granted to officers/directors in lieu of salary or cash bonus, so long as the number of shares awarded should be reasonable.
Restricted Stock ·         Advisers generally support restriction periods of two years or more for restricted stock awards, although restriction periods of at least one year might be sufficient in cases where the award is performance based.
Option Expensing ·         Advisers generally support treating the granting of options as an expense.
Non-discretionary Stock Awards ·         Advisers generally support non-discretionary grants of awards to non- employee directors as opposed to grants subject to management discretion.
Permit Shareholder Nominees in Proxy Statements ·         Advisers generally oppose.
Shareholder Rights Plans

·         Advisers recognize the pros and cons of shareholder rights plans and evaluate them on a case-by-case basis; however,

 

·         Advisers may support shareholder rights plans with sunset provisions if the plan is linked to a business strategy that we believe will result in greater value for shareholders, have a term of less than five years, and require shareholder approval to be reinstated once it expires.

Supermajority Voting Requirements ·         Advisers generally support supermajority voting requirements, but may oppose if there is no business justification for it.
Confidential Voting ·         Advisers generally support.
Cumulative Voting ·         Advisers generally oppose.
Unequal Voting Rights ·         Advisers will review on a case-by-case basis.
Other ·         Advisers generally support shareholders’ ability to act by written consent and call special meetings.
Antitakeover Devices ·         Advisers generally oppose anti-takeover measures and other proposals designed to limit the ability of shareholders to act on possible transactions.
Capital Structure ·         Advisers will assess capitalization proposals on a case-by-case basis since cash flow, financing needs, and market conditions vary from company to company.
Dual or Multiple Class Capitalization Structures ·         Advisers generally oppose.

 

B-17 
 

 

Reverse Stock Splits ·         Advisers will review on a case-by-case basis.
Blank Check Preferred Stock ·         Advisers will review on a case-by-case basis whether to support blank- check preferred, but will have a bias to generally oppose blank-check preferred if it is issued in anti-takeover situations.
Common Stock Issuances ·         Advisers will review, on a case-by-case basis, proposals to issue common stock in connection with a proposed transaction.
Preferred Stock ·         Advisers will review on a case-by-case basis.
Preemptive Rights ·         Advisers generally oppose.
Share Repurchases ·         Advisers generally support.
Stock Splits ·         Advisers generally support, excluding reverse stock splits.
Auditors and Audit Committee ·         Advisers generally support.
Fees ·         Advisers generally oppose reappointment of auditors if their non-audit fees exceed amounts that the Advisers determine to be excessive.
Independence ·         Advisers review on a case-by-case basis when the auditor has a substantial non-audit relationship with the company
Shareholder Proposals

·         In general, Advisers will follow company management’s recommendation when voting on shareholder proposals. Advisers will generally support the following:

o   proposals to declassify boards absent special circumstances that would lead us to believe that a classified board would be in the shareholders’ best interest;

 

o   proposals to require shareholder approval of shareholder rights plans; and

 

o   proposals that are consistent with proxy voting guidelines for board-approved proposals.

 

·         Advisers will generally support Board recommendations when the Board meets the basic independence and governance standards established in these guidelines. Where a Board fails to meet these standards, Advisers will vote on shareholder proposals on a case-by-case basis. The rationale for this approach is the belief that many shareholder proposals are motivated by political or social concerns rather than investment-based concerns.

·         Advisers will vote on a case-by-case basis on other shareholder proposals.

Social Responsibility ·         Advisers believe that management’s primary responsibility is to focus on ordinary business matters, and as such votes with management on such issues rather than imposing its own judgment on such matters. However, third party analyses are considered. The Advisers will generally oppose proposals that the Advisers believe will negatively impact the company.
Voting Shares of Foreign Issuers ·         Because of the laws of jurisdictions outside the United States may afford less protection for shareholders, we may find that it is in the Client’s best interest to take a different approach for voting a proxy of a foreign issuer than it would for a United States company. When  voting  proxies of foreign issuers, Advisers will vote in accordance with its policy for

 

B-18 
 

 

 

domestic issuers except.

o   Will vote for shareholder proposals calling for the majority of directors to be independent of management;

 

o   Will vote for shareholder proposals seeking to increase the independence of the audit, nominating, and compensation committees;

 

o   Will vote for shareholder proposals that implement corporate governance standards similar to those established under U.S. federal law and the listing requirements of U.S. stock exchanges, and that do not otherwise violate the laws of the jurisdiction under which the company is incorporated; and

 

o   Will vote on a case-by-case basis on proposals relating to (1) the issuance of common stock in excess of 20% of a company’s outstanding common stock where shareholders do not have preemptive rights, or (2) the issuance of common stock in excess of 100% of a company’s outstanding common stock where shareholders have preemptive rights.

Routine Matters

·         Advisers generally will generally support Board-approved proposals relating to routine business matters such as changing the company’s name, ratifying the auditors’ appointment, and shareholder meeting procedural matters; and

·         Advisers will generally support mergers and reorganizations involving business combinations designed solely to reincorporate a company in Delaware.

·         Advisers will vote on a case-by-case basis when

o   The proposal would amend a company’s charter or bylaws except for amendments necessary to effect a stock split, change the company’s name, or authorize additional shares of common stock; and

 

o   The Advisers are otherwise withholding votes for the entire board.

 

 

Material Conflicts of Interest

 

Each Adviser believes that its interests are generally aligned with its Client’s interests through ownership and or the investment by the Adviser (or its affiliates) in the Funds. In the event an Adviser determines there is or may be a material conflict of interest using one of the following procedures:

 

B-19 
 
1)The Adviser may refer the matter to the appropriate Fund’s advisory board, if applicable, with the proposed manner of voting and obtain the approval or concurrence of such advisory board on the proposed Proxy vote; or

 

2)The Adviser may vote the Proxy using the established objective policies described under “General Voting Policies-Private Companies” or “General Voting Policies-Public Companies,” above (other than those policies permitting the Advisers to vote on a case- by-case basis or granting it discretion on how to vote); or

 

3)The Adviser may have a committee (“Conflict Committee”) formed to address material conflicts of interest in voting Client Proxies. The Conflict Committee may determine how to vote any Proxy if an Adviser has a material conflict of interest in voting. Any such vote must be consistent with the best interest of the Client. In making the Proxy voting determination, the Conflict Committee will take reasonable steps under the circumstances to attempt to insulate the Proxy voting determination from the material conflict. The Conflict Committee will keep a report of any Proxies voted under this procedure detailing the nature of the material conflict and the Conflict Committee’s manner of resolving the material conflict in the best interest of the Client. This report will be made available to Clients.

 

Each Adviser does not consider service by Adviser personnel on portfolio company boards or the Adviser’s receipt of management or other fees from portfolio companies to create a material conflict of interest for voting Proxies generally with respect to such companies.

 

Disclosures

 

Each Adviser will make the following disclosures to Clients:

 

oa summary of the Proxy Policy;
oupon request by a Client, a copy of the Proxy Policy; and
oupon request by a Client, the Proxy voting record for Proxies voted on behalf of the Client.

 

Recordkeeping

 

The following records will be kept by each Adviser:

 

oA copy of the Proxy Policy;
oA copy of each proxy statement received with respect to Client portfolio securities;

 

oA record of each Proxy vote cast by the Adviser on behalf of a Client;
oA copy of any document prepared by the Adviser that was material to the Proxy voting decision, including any Conflict Committee reports; and
B-20 
 
oA copy of each written Client request for information regarding how the Adviser voted Proxies on behalf of Clients and any written response by the Adviser to any Client requests.

 

Amendments

 

This Proxy Policy may be amended from time to time by the Proxy Voting Administrator.

 

 

B-1