Recent Accounting Developments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

New Accounting Pronouncements And Changes In Accounting Principles [Abstract]

Recent Accounting Developments

3. RECENT ACCOUNTING DEVELOPMENTS

Revenue from Contracts with Customers—In May 2014, the FASB issued comprehensive new revenue recognition guidance. The guidance requires a company to recognize revenue when it transfers promised services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those services and requires enhanced disclosures. The guidance also changes the accounting for certain contract costs, including whether they may be offset against revenue in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company adopted the revenue recognition guidance upon its effective date of January 1, 2018 using the modified cumulative effect approach.  

The Company evaluated the impact of the new guidance, including (i) the timing of revenue recognition for Financial Advisory and Asset Management fees and (ii) the presentation of certain contract costs. With respect to revenue recognition, the Company assessed the impact of the new guidance on the recognition of fees for Financial Advisory (e.g., transaction completion, transaction announcement and retainers) and Asset Management (e.g., management and incentive fees), including the requirement under the new guidance to recognize certain transaction completion fees in periods prior to the periods in which the applicable transactions close. The Company’s assessment included an analysis of whether the Company’s fulfillment of its performance obligations would be deemed to occur over time, or at specific points in time, under the new guidance. Specifically, recognition would be deemed to occur over time if the client receives and consumes benefits from the services as the Company performs the services. The Company concluded that Financial Advisory and Asset Management fees would typically be recognized over time as performance occurs, subject to constraints, using an appropriate measure of progress, based on resources consumed, which is consistent with when the client receives benefits. There was no material impact to the Company’s recognition of revenue upon adoption of the new guidance.

The new guidance requires the Company to prospectively present certain contract costs on a gross basis. The most significant changes with respect to presentation relate to (a) certain distribution costs within our Asset Management business and (b) certain reimbursable deal costs within our Financial Advisory business, both of which were previously presented net against revenues and are now presented as expenses on a gross basis under the new guidance because the Company is primarily responsible for fulfilling the promise of the arrangement. For the year ended December 31, 2018, the presentation of such costs on a gross basis resulted in an increase to net revenue of $93,831, primarily comprised of increases to asset management fees and investment banking and other advisory fees. In addition, there was a corresponding increase to operating expenses of $93,831, primarily comprised of an increase to distribution costs presented within fund administration and outsourced services and an increase to reimbursable deal costs presented within marketing and business development. These amounts would have been presented on a net basis prior to the adoption of the new guidance, and there was no material impact to net income as a result of the gross basis of presentation under the new guidance.

See Note 4 for further information on contracts within the scope of the new guidance.

Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments—In August and November 2016, the FASB issued updated guidance which clarifies how a company should classify certain cash receipts and cash payments on the statement of cash flows and clarifies that restricted cash should be included in the total of cash and cash equivalents on the statement of cash flows. The Company adopted this new guidance on January 1, 2018, which resulted in the reclassification of “cash deposited with clearing organizations and other segregated cash” and “deposits with banks and short-term investments” from operating activities to components of “cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash” on the consolidated statement of cash flows. In addition, the Company reclassified cash flows related to customer deposits from operating activities to financing activities. This resulted in changes in deposits with banks and short-term investments and customer deposits no longer being reflected in cash flows from operating activities. Except for the reclassification of these items on the consolidated statement of cash flows for all years presented, the new guidance had no impact on the Company’s financial statements.

Clarifying the Definition of a Business—In January 2017, the FASB issued updated guidance to clarify the definition of a business within the context of business combinations.  The updated guidance requires that when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired (or disposed of) is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets, such asset or group of assets is not a business.  This updated guidance is expected to reduce the number of transactions that need to be further evaluated as business combinations.  If further evaluation is necessary, the updated guidance requires that a business set include, at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create output.  The updated guidance removes the evaluation of whether a market participant could replace missing elements.  The Company adopted the new guidance on January 1, 2018 and it did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

Compensation—Retirement Benefits—Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost—In March 2016, the FASB issued updated guidance on the presentation of net benefit cost in the statement of operations and the components eligible for capitalization. The new guidance requires that only the service cost component of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost be presented with other employee compensation costs in operating expenses, applied on a retrospective basis. The other components of net benefit cost, including amortization of prior service cost, and gains and losses from settlements and curtailments, are included in other operating expenses. The new guidance also stipulates that only the service cost component of net benefit cost is eligible for capitalization, applied on a prospective basis. The Company adopted the new guidance on January 1, 2018 and there was no material impact to the Company’s financial statements.

Compensation—Stock Compensation: Scope of Modification Accounting—In May 2017, the FASB issued updated guidance on modifications to share-based payment awards. The updated guidance requires entities to account for the effects of a modification to a share-based payment award unless the following are all the same immediately before and after the modification: (i) the fair value of the award, (ii) the vesting conditions of the award, and (iii) the classification of the award as an equity instrument or a liability instrument. The Company adopted the new guidance on January 1, 2018, and there was no material impact to the Company’s financial statements.

Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income—In February 2018, the FASB issued updated guidance on the tax effects of items in AOCI. Specifically, the new guidance will permit, but not require, a reclassification from AOCI to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the newly enacted federal corporate income tax rate under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (see Note 17). The amount of the reclassification would be the difference between the historical corporate income tax rate and the newly enacted 21% corporate income tax rate. The new guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with an option to apply it in the period of adoption or on a retrospective basis for each period in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate is recognized. The Company will adopt the new guidance on January 1, 2019 and does not expect a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

Leases—In February 2016, the FASB issued updated guidance for leases. The guidance requires a lessee to (i) recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability that is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, in the consolidated statement of financial condition, (ii) recognize a single lease cost, calculated so that the cost of the lease is allocated over the lease term on a straight-line basis and (iii) classify operating lease related cash payments within operating activities and finance lease related principal cash payments within financing activities (with interest included in interest paid) in the consolidated statement of cash flows.

The new guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company will adopt the new guidance on January 1, 2019 using the optional transition method, which allows the new standard to be applied initially at the adoption date with a cumulative-effect adjustment without restating comparative periods. Lazard plans to elect the practical expedients, which allows the carry-forward of the prior conclusions on lease definition, classification and initial direct costs related to the expired and existing leases as of the adoption date. The Company expects to apply the exemption of balance sheet recognition requirements of short-term leases.

The Company continues to evaluate its processes and internal controls over financial reporting relating to its leasing activities. The Company currently estimates the recognition of the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities to be approximately $500,000 to $600,000 on its consolidated statements of financial condition upon adoption and does not expect a material impact on its consolidated statement of operations.

Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting—In June 2018, the FASB issued updated guidance to simplify the accounting for nonemployee share-based payment transactions. The new guidance generally requires equity-classified nonemployee share-based payment awards to be measured at the grant date, which is the date at which a grantor and grantee reach a mutual understanding of the key terms and conditions of a share-based payment award.  This update generally aligns the accounting for equity-classified share-based payment awards to nonemployees with the measurement date required for employees.  The new guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018.  Upon adoption, the new guidance would be applied on a modified retrospective basis. The Company will adopt the new guidance on January 1, 2019 and does not expect it to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

Financial Instruments—Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments—In June 2016, the FASB issued new guidance regarding the measurement of credit losses on financial instruments. The new guidance replaces the incurred loss impairment methodology in the current guidance with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to determine credit loss estimates. The new guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the new guidance.

Intangibles—Goodwill and Other: Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment—In January 2017, the FASB issued updated guidance which eliminated Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Step 2 is the process of measuring a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. The new guidancerequires entities to measure a goodwill impairment loss as the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, limited to thecarrying amount ofgoodwill. The FASB also eliminated the requirements for entities that have reporting units with zero or negative carrying amounts to perform a qualitative assessment for the goodwill impairment test. Instead, those entities would be required to disclose the amount of goodwill allocated to each reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount. The new guidance is effective for interim or annualgoodwill impairment tests performed in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currentlyevaluating the newguidance.

Intangibles—Internal-Use Software: Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement that is a Service Contract—In August 2018, the FASB issued updated guidance on the accounting for implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement. The new guidance requires the capitalization of the implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement to be aligned with the requirements for capitalizing costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The new guidance is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. Upon adoption, the Company may elect to apply the new guidance on either a prospective or retrospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating the new guidance.

Related Party Guidance for Variable Interest Entities—In October 2018, the FASB issued updated guidance that requires consideration of indirect interest held through related parties under common control for determining whether fees paid to decision makers and service providers are variable interests. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The amendments are required to be applied retrospectively with a cumulative-effect adjustment. The Company is currently evaluating the new guidance.

Fair Value Measurement: Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement—In August 2018, the FASB issued updated guidance which modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurement. The updated guidance eliminates or modifies various required disclosures under the current guidance and includes additional requirements. The new guidance is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the new guidance.

Compensation–Retirement Benefits: Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans—In August 2018, the FASB issued updated guidance which modifies the disclosure requirements regarding defined benefit plans and other postretirement plans. The updated guidance eliminates or clarifies certain currently required disclosures and includes additional requirements. The new guidance is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the new guidance.