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SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY | 12.SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY Common Stock Dividends On April 25, 2019, we announced the elimination of the payment of quarterly dividends on our stock beginning in the second quarter of 2019. Future dividend payments, if any, are at the discretion of our Board of Directors. Changes in our dividend program will depend on our earnings, capital requirements, financial condition, debt covenant compliance, expected cash needs and other factors considered relevant by our Board of Directors. Share-based Compensation Our Board of Directors may grant share-based awards from our shareholder approved Consolidated Communications Holdings, Inc. Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended and restated (the “Plan”). The Plan permits the issuance of awards in the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, stock grants and stock unit grants to eligible directors and employees at the discretion of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. On April 26, 2021, the shareholders approved an amendment to the Plan to increase by 5,400,000 shares the number of shares of our common stock authorized for issuance under the Plan and extend the term of the Plan through April 30, 2028. With the amendment, approximately 10,050,000 shares of our common stock are authorized for issuance under the Plan, provided that no more than 300,000 shares may be granted in the form of stock options or stock appreciation rights to any eligible employee or director in any calendar year. Unless terminated sooner, the Plan will continue in effect until April 30, 2028. We measure the fair value of RSAs based on the market price of the underlying common stock on the date of grant. We recognize the expense associated with RSAs on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which generally ranges from immediate vesting to a four-year vesting period. We implemented an ongoing performance-based incentive program under the Plan. The performance-based incentive program provides for annual grants of PSAs. PSAs are restricted stock that are issued, to the extent earned, at the end of each annual performance cycle. Under the performance-based incentive program, each participant is given a target award expressed as a number of shares, with a payout opportunity ranging from 0% to 120% of the target, depending on performance relative to predetermined goals. An estimate of the number of PSAs that are expected to vest is made, and the fair value of the PSAs is expensed utilizing the fair value on the date of grant over the requisite service period. The awards generally vest ratably over a four-year vesting period. Pursuant to the performance-based incentive program, PSAs issued to certain senior executives entitle the executives to earn shares depending on the level of attainment of the predetermined performance goals over a three-year performance period, with payouts ranging from 0% to 150% of the target for PSAs issued in 2022 and from 0% to 120% for PSAs issued in 2021 and 2020. The earned PSAs are then subject to possible adjustment based on our total shareholder return relative to our peer group over the same performance period, which may increase or decrease the number of shares actually awarded by up to 25%. The fair value of these awards are initially measured on the grant date using estimated payout levels derived from a Monte Carlo simulation model. The awards vest in the month following the end of the of the three-year performance period. The following table summarizes grants of RSAs and PSAs under the Plan during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:
The following table summarizes the RSA and PSA activity during the year ended December 31, 2022:
The total fair value of the RSAs and PSAs that vested during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 was $8.1 million, $7.3 million and $6.4 million, respectively. Share-based Compensation Expense The following table summarizes total compensation costs recognized for share-based payments during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:
Income tax benefits related to share-based compensation of approximately $2.8 million, $2.6 million and $2.0 million were recorded for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Share-based compensation expense is included in “selling, general and administrative expenses” in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. As of December 31, 2022, total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested RSAs and PSAs was $12.4 million and will be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.6 years. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) The following table summarizes the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, by component during 2022 and 2021:
The following table summarizes reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive loss during 2022 and 2021:
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