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Property and Equipment (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]  
Schedule of Property and Equipment
Property and equipment, net consists of the following:
As of
Estimated useful lives (Years)September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Owned Assets:
Network equipment and computers
3-5
$143,357 $130,218 
Software
2-5
99,614 88,487 
Leasehold improvements
3-8
39,470 42,890 
Office furniture and equipment
3-8
19,407 20,211 
Motor vehicles
2-5
727 605 
Buildings30958 961 
Land627 629 
Capital work in progress15,674 14,459 
319,834 298,460 
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization(223,760)(216,132)
96,074 82,328 
Right-of-use assets under finance leases:
Network equipment and computers58 82 
Leasehold improvements605 1,013 
Office furniture and equipment431 662 
Motor vehicles891 742 
1,985 2,499 
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization(1,330)(1,999)
655 500 
Property and equipment, net$96,729 $82,828 
The depreciation and amortization expense, excluding amortization of acquisition-related intangibles, recognized in the unaudited consolidated statements of income was as follows:
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
2023202220232022
Depreciation and amortization expense$8,426 $10,137 $26,682 $29,182 

The effect of foreign exchange loss upon settlement of cash flow hedges recorded under depreciation and amortization expense, was as follows:
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
2023202220232022
Effect of foreign exchange loss$(37)$(126)$(182)$(64)
Internally developed software costs, included under Software, was as follows:
As of
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Cost$42,585 $31,544 
Less : Accumulated amortization(22,843)(16,134)
Internally developed software, net$19,742 $15,410 

The amortization expense on internally developed software recognized in the unaudited consolidated statements of income was as follows:
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
2023202220232022
Amortization expense$2,311 $1,832 $6,711 $4,414