10-K 1 reach_10k-123111.htm FORM 10-K reach_10k-123111.htm
 UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

x
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011
 
OR
 
¨
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the transition period from              to             
 
Commission file number: 001-34749
 

REACHLOCAL, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 
Delaware
20-0498783
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
   
21700 Oxnard Street, Suite 1600
Woodland Hills, California
91367
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)
 
(818) 274-0260
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 
None
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
 

 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
 
Title of each class
Name of each
exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.00001 par value per share
The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
 
(Title of Class)
 
 
(Title of Class)
 

 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  ¨    No  x
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.    Yes  ¨    No  x
 
 
 

 
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x    No  ¨
 
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  x
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
 
Large accelerated filer
¨
Accelerated filer
x
       
Non-accelerated filer
¨  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company
¨
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x
 
As of June 30, 2011, the aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $218,070,957 based on a closing price of $20.83 on the NASDAQ Global Market on such date.
 
Class
Outstanding at March 9, 2012
Common Stock, $0.00001 par value per share
28,370,996 shares
 
Documents Incorporated by Reference
 
Portions of the registrant’s Proxy Statement relating to the registrant’s 2012 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K where indicated.
 
 
 

 
 
REACHLOCAL, INC.
 
INDEX TO FORM 10-K
 
   
Page
Part I
   
Item 1.
1
Item 1A.
9
Item 1B.
23
Item 2.
23
Item 3.
23
Item 4.
23
     
Part II
   
Item 5.
24
Item 6.
26
Item 7.
29
Item 7A.
47
Item 8.
47
Item 9.
47
Item 9A.
47
Item 9B.
48
     
Part III
   
Item 10.
49
Item 11.
49
Item 12.
49
Item 13.
49
Item 14.
49
     
Part IV
   
Item 15.
F-1
   
Signatures
 
Exhibit Index
 

 
 

 
 
PART I
 
CAUTIONARY NOTICE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
 
In this document, ReachLocal, Inc. and its subsidiaries are referred to as “we,” “our,” “us,” the “Company” or “ReachLocal.”
 
This annual report on Form 10-K contains “forward-looking statements” that involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions that, if they never materialize or prove incorrect, could cause our results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. The statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K that are not purely historical are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Forward-looking statements are often identified by the use of words such as, but not limited to, “anticipate,” “believe,” “can,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “will,” “plan,” “project,” “seek,” “should,” “target,” “will,” “would,” and similar expressions or variations intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements are based on the beliefs and assumptions of our management based on information currently available to management. Such forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other important factors that could cause actual results and the timing of certain events to differ materially from future results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those identified below, and those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors” included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Furthermore, such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements.
 
 
Business Overview
 
Our mission is to help small and medium-sized businesses, or SMBs, acquire, maintain and retain customers via the Internet. We offer a comprehensive suite of online marketing and reporting solutions, including ReachSearch™ (search engine marketing), ReachCast™ (Web presence and social media marketing), ReachDisplay™ (display advertising and remarketing), online marketing analytics, and other related products and solutions, each targeted to the SMB market. We deliver these solutions to SMBs through a combination of our proprietary platform, the ReachLocal (“RL”) Platform, and our direct, “feet-on-the-street” sales force of Internet Marketing Consultants, or IMCs, and select third-party agencies and resellers.
 
We use our RL Platform to create advertising campaigns for SMBs to target potential customers in their geographic area, optimize those campaigns in real time and track tangible results. Through a single internet advertising budget, we enable our clients to reach local customers across the Internet, including through all of the major search engines and leading general interest and vertically focused online publishers. In 2010, we expanded the RL Platform to include ReachCast, our full-service Web presence and social media solution to our suite of products available to our SMB clients. We continue to expand the RL Platform to include additional advertising products designed specifically for the needs of our SMB clients. Empowered by the RL Platform, our IMCs, which are based in or near the cities in which our clients operate, establish a direct consultative relationship with our clients and provide our solutions to achieve their marketing objectives.
 
At December 31, 2011, we managed 27,500 Active Campaigns across 19,100 Active Advertisers, a substantial majority of which spend from $500 to $4,000 per month with us (see Part II, Item 6, “Selected Financial Data” for an explanation of how we define Active Campaigns and Active Advertisers). Our clients include SMBs in a number of industry verticals, such as home repair and improvement, automobile sales and repair, medical and health services, legal services and retail and personal services. Since inception, we have delivered to our SMB clients over 600 million geographically targeted clicks and over 50 million phone calls. At December 31, 2011, we employed 796 IMCs in North America, Australia, the United Kingdom, Germany and the Netherlands, and worked with over 360 third-party agencies and resellers that use the RL Platform to serve their SMB clients. We continue to expand our IMC sales force both in existing and new markets. We have business development and account management resources to develop and support our third-party agencies and resellers and National Brands advertisers.
 
We generate revenue by providing online advertising solutions for our clients through our ReachSearch, ReachDisplay, ReachCast and remarketing products, and our other products and services. We reported revenues of $375.2 million in 2011 and $291.7 million in 2010, representing an increase of 28.6%, Adjusted EBITDA of $15.9 million in 2011 and $3.1 million in 2010, a $4.0 million loss from continuing operations in 2011 and an $8.3 million loss from continuing operations in 2010, and a $10.2 million net loss in 2011 and a $11.1 million in net loss in 2010.  For more financial information, see our Consolidated Financial Statements, beginning on page F-1, and see Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for our definition of Adjusted EBITDA, why we present it and a reconciliation of our Adjusted EBITDA to loss from operations for each of the periods presented.
 
 
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Industry Overview
 
The Local SMB Advertising Market
 
SMBs serving local markets represent significant economic activity, control substantial purchasing power and address the needs of hundreds of millions of consumers. These SMBs include businesses such as lawyers, physicians, car dealers, dentists, plumbers, florists and local operations of national chains. To generate and sustain their businesses, SMBs spend money marketing their services to acquire, maintain and retain customers. These expenditures are a critical component of the operating budget for many SMBs, particularly given the potential value of each customer over the lifetime of the relationship. For example, a new dental patient may generate several hundred dollars in revenue during the first visit, thousands of dollars in subsequent visits and make referrals to friends and family that generate significant additional revenue.
 
An SMB’s owner and operator is also typically its chief marketing officer because the business is too small to justify hiring dedicated marketing personnel. Companies that operate traditional offline media formats, such as the yellow pages, newspapers, radio stations and direct mail publishers, adapted to the limited amount of time and effort that SMB owners and operators are normally able to devote to advertising and marketing by developing products, distribution and service delivery models that greatly simplified the marketing process for SMBs. The products sold by these offline media companies—namely, space in their directories and periodicals or time on the radio and television—were easy to understand (e.g., a flat $1,500 a month for a quarter page ad in the yellow pages). Because of their scale, these traditional offline media companies were able to deploy direct local sales forces that walked into the SMB’s place of business, presented a media package that gave the SMB broad customer reach through a single advertising purchase, assisted in the creation of the media advertisement for the SMB and ultimately asked the SMB to do little more than write a check. The SMB owner and operator was able to focus his or her efforts on running the business with little attention to these marketing efforts.
 
Marketing in the offline world for an SMB was therefore relatively straightforward. There were a limited number of advertising channels, the channel owners sent dedicated personnel to visit and serve the SMB, and the SMB did not need to invest resources in managing the process.
 
The Digitization of Local Advertising
 
Over the past decade, the local advertising market for SMBs and other local businesses has undergone rapid and fundamental changes. The delivery and consumption of local advertising, like all media, is becoming increasingly fragmented and digitized. Many consumers who used to search for a local business in the yellow pages are now going online and searching on Google, checking reviews on Yelp and Citysearch, buying coupons on Groupon and LivingSocial, and asking their friends for their opinions through Facebook and Twitter. Similarly, many consumers who used to read the newspaper are now accessing the news through news sites, portals and blogs. This consumer-led digital transformation has profoundly disrupted the ways that businesses of all sizes need to acquire, maintain and retain their customers. As the Internet continues to grow and evolve, we believe that these trends will accelerate. To keep pace with this transformation, we believe that SMBs need to follow their customers and move an increasing portion of their marketing efforts and spend online.
 
The Local Challenge
 
The growth of local online advertising spend has, however, significantly lagged the increase in online media consumption. We believe that this lag is the result of two significant challenges:
 
 
The Product Challenge: Re-create with online media the ease of purchasing and breadth of customer reach to which SMBs are accustomed with offline media. For owners and operators of SMBs, building an efficient and effective online marketing presence is a significant challenge, especially given the highly fragmented landscape of digital media publishers. While it is possible for an SMB to purchase search and display media online through various self-service advertising platforms, we believe that these online advertising products do not address the fundamental needs and business realities of the SMB advertiser, which include a lack of time and resources, lack of expertise, lack of economic incentive relative to the time required and their typical levels of advertising spend, and lack of transparency into performance.
 
 
The Distribution Challenge: Re-create the ability to sell local online advertising products to SMBs in the manner to which they are accustomed purchasing offline advertising products. Selling advertising to SMBs is difficult, and creating and sustaining a local sales force to address the SMB market requires substantial investment. The SMB market is fragmented, and SMB owners and operators are busy running their businesses and have little time to consider new marketing options. Accordingly, SMBs require a third party to work with them in developing their marketing strategy.
 
 
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The ReachLocal Solution
 
We combine advanced, publisher-agnostic technology and an experienced, digitally sophisticated direct sales force to provide SMBs with a single, easy to use and cost-effective solution to acquire, maintain and retain customers using digital media. Our target market is SMBs that spend at least $5,000 per year on advertising.
 
The Product Solution
 
Our RL Platform addresses the needs of the SMB and re-creates the simplicity and effectiveness with which SMBs have traditionally purchased offline advertising. Our product solutions include the following key features:
 
 
One Check: The Internet Budget. Through the simplicity of a single Internet advertising budget, the RL Platform allows us to connect SMBs to multiple online publishers. We connect the SMB to a broad range of destinations on the Internet, including:
 
 
major search engines such as Google, Yahoo!, Bing, AOL and Ask.com;
 
 
an extensive network of local search and directory sites such as Superpages, Citysearch, Local.com, MagicYellow and others;
 
 
leading display advertising networks such as Yahoo!/Right Media and the Google display network; and
 
 
leading social media sites, such as Facebook and Twitter.
 
The RL Platform automates connections to publicly available, self-service advertising and social media platforms through application programming interfaces, or APIs, specific to those platforms. The RL Platform also allows us to provide SMBs with access to a greater breadth of media because we are able to leverage our significant customer base to gain access to advertising inventory typically unavailable to an SMB with a modest advertising budget. By combining these features, the RL Platform allows us to offer SMBs the simplicity of a single Internet advertising budget that connects them to a diverse array of online publishers.
 
 
Do It for Me: End-to-End Execution. The RL Platform is a proprietary, end-to-end technology platform that enables us to execute an online marketing campaign on behalf of an SMB. The RL Platform is a software-based solution that combines back-end automation and optimization technologies to manage advertising spend across a broad array of online publishers and media outlets. For advertisers interested in search engine marketing, the RL Platform automates the build-up of keyword search criteria for the leading search engines using a library of more than 12 million keywords. The RL Platform matches, sets and optimizes the bids for these keywords based on the SMB’s products and services as well as the SMB’s targeted geographic areas. For advertisers interested in display advertising, the RL Platform places display advertisements on websites selected in accordance with an SMB’s target geographic, demographic and behavioral profiles. For advertisers seeking social media and web presence solutions, the RL Platform integrates with leading social media sites, such as Facebook and Twitter.
 
 
Do It Better Than I Can: Efficient and Optimized Buying. The RL Platform runs a set of proprietary algorithms multiple times a day to evaluate each publisher and each keyword and dynamically shifts spend to continuously optimize and improve the performance of our SMBs’ campaigns. We have run tens of thousands of online marketing campaigns for SMBs, and this scale and experience in purchasing online advertising from publishers allows us to make more efficient and effective purchasing decisions on behalf of our clients.
 
 
Prove It: Calls, not Just Clicks. We employ a proprietary reverse proxy technology that automatically tracks campaign-generated activity, such as phone calls, e-mails and site navigation, without requiring the SMB to alter its website or maintain a separate website. SMBs can log in to the RL Platform to monitor their advertising spend on a daily basis and determine, for example, which online campaign generated which phone call. In addition, the RL Platform allows the SMB to use reverse lookup technology to see who called and provides a recording of each phone call. The ability of our RL Platform to allow SMBs to track accurately offline activity — principally phone calls — is a critical source of differentiation from available self-service online advertising platforms, which currently provide SMBs no data regarding offline activity.
 
Each of our products includes, through a single budget, access to multiple publishers, some of which are not available to SMBs, as well as access to our proprietary optimization and tracking technologies that dynamically adjust the publishers to which we allocate clients’ media spend in order to meet their performance objectives. In addition, powered by our RL Platform, we also offer non-media based digital marketing solutions, such as ReachCast, TotalLiveChat, and a number of other products and services necessary to support the internet advertising needs of our SMB clients. For these reasons, while we rely on third-party publishers for the substantial majority of the media we purchase on behalf of our clients, we are not simply a reseller of media; rather, we market our products as a complete package of media optimized for the client using our RL Platform.
 
 
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The Distribution Solution
 
Our distribution solution is built around a direct, locally based sales force of IMCs who, empowered by the RL Platform, engage with our clients to help them achieve their marketing objectives in the consultative manner to which SMBs are accustomed.
 
The key characteristics of our IMC sales force are as follows:
 
 
Internet-Focused and Trained. Our IMCs are 100% focused on selling Internet-based advertising products. This exclusive focus is unlike the sales forces of existing offline media companies that cross-sell online and offline advertising, often with an inherent bias towards their own offline products.
 
 
Locally Based. Our 796 IMCs are located in 55 markets in North America, Australia, the United Kingdom, Germany, and the Netherlands where their clients are based, enabling them to provide the personal connection that is necessary for the IMC to develop and maintain a relationship with our clients. In our experience, our Direct Local clients, a substantial majority of which we calculate spend from $500 to $4,000 per month, require face-to-face interaction that is consistent with the way the SMB has historically purchased offline media.
 
 
Consultative. Our IMCs are trained to consult with, educate and guide SMBs through the opportunities arising from and mechanics of purchasing online advertising.
 
In addition, we have a separate sales channel targeting national brands with operations in multiple local markets and select third-party agencies and resellers.
 
We believe that the ReachLocal solution, a combination of technology and human capital, gives our SMB clients access to technology and media that they could not access by themselves, and we prove that it works in ways they understand. We allow SMBs to write a single check while we do the rest.
 
The ReachLocal Advantage
 
We have been a pioneer in addressing the needs of SMBs seeking local Internet advertising solutions and have focused solely on this market for more than seven years.
 
Scale and Experience
 
We have run tens of thousands of online marketing campaigns for SMBs. Our scale and experience in purchasing online advertising from publishers allows us to make more efficient and effective purchasing decisions on behalf of our clients. In addition, the RL Platform enables us to connect our SMB clients to a wide array of online publishers. Our platform not only allows us to expand the reach of our publisher network, but also allows us quickly to test and identify better performing advertising options for our clients. In addition, our leadership position in the local Internet advertising market provides us with the ability to attract and retain as IMCs experienced local salespeople who understand the transformative power of the Internet.
 
Client Relationships
 
Our IMCs establish a direct relationship with SMB clients. In 2011 and 2010, we generated 78% and 75%, respectively, of our revenue through our Direct Local channel. As new online advertising opportunities emerge, such as mobile, video and social media, we believe that having a direct client relationship will enable us to offer additional products and services to our clients. We are able to leverage both our sales force and the collective purchasing power of our SMB clients for the mutual benefit of our clients and third-party publishers. We provide publishers with no or a limited sales force access to SMB clients, which, in turn, enables us to offer our SMB clients advertising opportunities that they would not be able to obtain on their own. We believe that adding more publishers will attract additional advertisers which, in turn, will attract still more publishers.
 
Technology
 
Running thousands of SMB online advertising campaigns simultaneously across multiple publishers poses significant technical challenges. While technologies exist to help larger companies manage and optimize their online marketing spend, we believe that such solutions are too expensive and too complex to scale down to the typical SMB’s monthly advertising budget. We have built our services, systems and networks for maximum scalability and flexibility to manage these types of campaigns, and we have invested heavily in automation technologies that reduce the level of human intervention required to support these campaigns. This automation is critical to our ability to scale our business and deliver moderately budgeted campaigns in a cost-effective manner. We continually strive to develop technologies that allow us to improve the match of our solutions to the demands of our SMB clients. For example, our development of our reverse proxy technology has opened up a new way for SMBs to track and understand the tangible results of their online advertising, enabling us to incorporate offline conversion events, such as phone calls, into the optimization of the client’s online marketing campaign. As we continue to gather online and offline conversion data from marketing campaigns conducted through our RL Platform, we will continue to refine our operations to increase efficiencies and generate better results for our SMB clients.
 
 
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Our Strategy
 
We believe that we are in the early stages of a large and long-term business opportunity presented by the shift of local marketing budgets from traditional media formats to digital media formats. Our strategy for pursuing this opportunity includes the following key components:
 
 
Continue Investment in Growing our IMC Sales Force. We intend to continue to increase the size of our IMC sales force.
 
 
Expand Internationally. The local challenge is a global one, and we have found our product and distribution solutions to be well received in our international markets. Generally, our international IMCs are more productive than our domestic IMCs and we therefore intend to accelerate the growth of our international sales force and make other investments in service of those markets.
 
 
Increase IMC Productivity. We intend to continue to invest in our service delivery model to provide our IMCs with additional capacity to manage and acquire more advertisers. For example, we have invested in expanding our existing customer support team to include campaign performance personnel, who have assumed many of the day-to-day campaign management obligations of our IMCs, and are providing account managers to help our more successful Upperclassmen continue to focus on new client acquisition.
 
 
Expand Media Offerings. We have developed a platform that enables us more easily to connect our SMB advertisers to a broader array of online publishers and, in the future, to reach customers through new formats such as mobile and video. Our plan has been, and continues to be, to fulfill, track and optimize an SMB’s entire digital media plan, regardless of media property or format.
 
 
Develop Complementary Products in Adjacent Digital Marketing Segments. Our current products target our clients’ needs to acquire customers through online media buying. We believe that there will be continued movement towards digital platforms in the other segments of an SMB’s marketing activities, such as digital presence, reputation management, lead optimization. To address these and other needs, we plan to continue investing in the internal development or potential acquisition of products and services in these adjacent segments. For example, with the technology acquired through the SMB:LIVE Corporation (“SMB:LIVE”) acquisition in 2010, we have launched ReachCast, our digital presence and reputation management solution, and we continue to focus on expanding our relationship and utility to our clients through product innovation and marketing local commerce solutions.
 
Products and Services
 
We offer a comprehensive suite of SMB-focused online marketing and reporting solutions, including search engine marketing, display advertising, remarketing, digital presence and online marketing analytics, all of which run on our RL Platform.
 
 
ReachSearch. Our ReachSearch product is focused on assuring that our clients’ advertisements appear prominently among the search results when local consumers enter certain keywords on leading local search sites such as Google, Yahoo! and Bing. The RL Platform is directly integrated into the advertising platforms of these and other leading search engines via APIs. In addition, as part of the ReachSearch product, our SMB clients also receive placement in the search results of our extensive network of online publishers and directory sites called the ReachLocal Search Network. This network provides additional qualified local traffic to the SMB and allows the SMB to reach potential customers across a broader range of sites.
 
The RL Platform automatically matches keywords for a business’ products or services through its extensive category taxonomy and keyword library, and its optimization engine dynamically adjusts keyword-level bids based on which keywords at which publishers are driving the most online leads and phone calls at the lowest price. Based on the SMB’s business and targeted geographic area, the RL Platform automatically paces the SMB’s target monthly budget and allocates and optimizes that budget across search publishers. Our ReachSearch product was introduced in 2004.
 
 
ReachDisplay. Our ReachDisplay product is primarily focused on maximizing the exposure for an SMB that wants to broadcast a message to a specific target online audience. There are various ReachDisplay products that allow an SMB to target different demographic, vertical and behavioral customer segments. For general exposure in a specific geographic area, the ReachDisplay Awareness package provides the SMB with reach across a network of sites. For advertisers wishing to target by vertical or by specific customer behavior, we offer additional display packages. For example, the ReachDisplay Automotive package provides SMBs in the automotive vertical access to audiences visiting automotive sites as well as customers whose previous behavior indicates that they may be in the market to purchase a car. We offer more than 20 different display advertising products across a wide variety of publishing partners, including Yahoo!/Right Media, Google Display Network, Facebook and other display networks and demand-side platforms. Our ReachDisplay product was introduced in 2009 and we continue to add new publishers and options as display advertising on the Internet evolves.
 
 
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ReachCast. ReachCast was introduced in 2010 and combines a proprietary technology platform with an expert service team to help SMBs build and optimize their Web presence for the purpose of driving online search discovery, powering reputation management, and managing social media marketing. As part of the ReachCast service, each SMB is partnered with an expert Web Presence Professional, or WPP, who works directly with the business to develop a strategy to meet their specific goals, starting with a consultation and initial setup of ReachCast and presence creation across Google, Facebook, Twitter and local directories. Then in consultation with the business, the WPP regularly creates and publishes custom content, posts to social media sites, engages with fans and followers, and monitors online reputation.
 
 
Remarketing and Retargeting. Our remarketing and search retargeting products allow us to target consumers who have previously visited a specific client’s website, either through a ReachSearch campaign or a ReachDisplay campaign, or who have previously searched for a client’s keywords.. When the potential customer visits any other site within our remarketing network, we can remarket to the target customer on behalf of that SMB. Because many purchases from local merchants involve an extended research process, providing the SMB with the ability to stay in front of a potential customer who has expressed an initial interest can lead to sales that might not have resulted from a single advertising impression. Our remarketing product, which we introduced in 2009, can be purchased on a standalone basis or can be bundled into the ReachSearch and ReachDisplay product lines.
 
 
TotalTrack®, TotalLiveChat™, TotalVideoNow™, TotalBannerNow™. As part of our mission to provide a comprehensive suite of digital marketing solutions to SMBs, we have developed various products to address specific marketing needs, such as lead optimization, online analytics and digital creative solutions.
 
Distribution
 
We distribute our products and services directly though our sales force of IMCs, who are focused on serving SMBs in their local markets, as well as a separate sales force targeting national brands with operations in multiple local markets and select third-party agencies and resellers.
 
Internet Marketing Consultants
 
Our IMCs sell our services directly to our SMB clients through an in-person, consultative sales process. Over time, an individual IMC can build a valuable relationship with his or her clients by delivering measurable results via the RL Platform. Our IMCs are trained to explain the benefits of a digitally focused marketing strategy to SMBs which are generally preoccupied with operating and managing their businesses. As an IMC develops a portfolio of SMB clients, the IMC is responsible for calling on and maintaining contact with each client, working with each client to evaluate the performance of its digital campaigns and discussing available options and opportunities to extend or expand each client’s digital spend strategy.
 
Our IMCs are located in 55 markets in North America, Australia, the United Kingdom, Germany and the Netherlands.
 
We make a significant investment in the hiring, training and ongoing support of our IMCs while they develop a portfolio of SMB clients. Our IMC development program divides IMCs into two groups: Underclassmen, which consists of IMCs during their first 12 months of employment; and Upperclassmen, which consists of IMCs with more than 12 months of employment. Increasing the number of our IMCs has been the principal engine for our growth. In particular, our growth is driven by the increase in the number of Upperclassmen, who are significantly more productive than our Underclassmen. Our recruitment, training and performance system is designed with the objective of increasing the number of our Upperclassmen over time and increasing the percentage of Underclassmen who become Upperclassmen.
 
At December 31, 2011, we had 424 Underclassmen and 372 Upperclassmen. We have created a system to identify and develop our Underclassmen into Upperclassmen, key elements of which include:
 
 
Recruitment. We invest heavily in recruiting our sales force and have developed an in-house team of specialized recruiters. Typically, each month we hire 40–60 IMCs worldwide, with the hiring weighted towards the first 10 months of the year. IMC recruits are generally required to have at least three to five years of sales experience, preferably serving the SMB market. We generally seek experience selling online advertising and require that all IMC hires be technically proficient. Although many recruits come from traditional media companies where they have sold to the SMB market, we seek IMCs who understand the transformative power of the Internet and who have seen, first hand, the flow of advertising dollars online.
 
 
Training. Each IMC attends a mandatory one week boot camp training session at our sales headquarters in Plano, Texas or, for international IMCs, a similar boot camp closer to their principal office locations. During the week, IMCs learn our business model and their responsibilities in it, learn the fundamentals of search engine and display marketing and social media and reputation management, and are trained on the RL Platform and our suite of products. Once an IMC returns to his or her specific office, the IMC engages in a standard onboarding process that includes hands-on instruction in prospecting SMB clients, scheduling and tracking appointments, and developing presentations for prospective clients. During the remainder of their first 12 months, Underclassmen are required to participate in ongoing training sessions that include general industry updates, RL Platform updates and presentations from Upperclassmen who provide guidance on how to sell to and serve specific SMB verticals.
 
 
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Focus on Performance. In order to track performance and underscore expectations, Underclassmen are provided a roadmap of expected performance milestones and receive constant support and counseling during this period to assist them in meeting the milestones and otherwise building a portfolio of SMB clients. We also use this support system to identify and try to remediate any problems if an IMC’s performance deviates too far from expected revenue contributions.
 
With each new class of IMCs, we track how the IMCs are performing relative to a standard level of revenue growth and other performance metrics for each month after their training. We do not expect all Underclassmen to become Upperclassmen, and our investment decisions anticipate the cost of attrition. We maintain data on the past and current performance of our IMCs, which we use as a basis for our hiring decisions. The performance of past and current IMCs allows us to adjust our investment model in the event there are significant changes in macroeconomic or competitive conditions.
 
National Brands, Agencies and Resellers
 
We have a separate sales force targeting national brands with operations in multiple local markets (e.g., franchise organizations) as well as a number of third-party agencies and resellers. The sales process for national brands can differ from the process employed by our IMCs and often requires an endorsement by, and potentially a direct financial contribution from, the parent entity such as a franchisor. If a local operation of one of our national brands requires face-to-face contact with a local sales representative, we are able to offer one of our IMCs to service that local operation.
 
In addition, we sell and provide access to our RL Platform to select third-party agencies and resellers in customer segments where they have a sales force with established relationships with their SMB client base. We currently have over 360 agencies and resellers actively selling on our RL Platform. We have a team that is responsible for identifying potential agencies and resellers, training their sales forces to sell our products and services and supporting the relationships on an ongoing basis.
 
Customer Service
 
Our customer service organization is responsible for providing ongoing support to our sales forces, advertisers and resellers, including technical assistance with the use of the RL Platform, as well as providing product- and campaign-specific technical assistance and recommendations to our SMB clients.
 
We also field an advanced campaign management team that is responsible for supporting and optimizing the overall performance of the products on a category-by-category level. Our RL Platform has a set of administrator-only tools that is used by the campaign management team to efficiently evaluate the success of ongoing campaigns and to recommend ways for our clients to improve their performance.
 
With a combination of employees in the United States and India, we have a dedicated team focused on the provisioning and review of campaigns before they are deployed. This team is responsible for reviewing the keywords that are automatically generated by the RL Platform, ensuring that the creative aspects of the campaign and editorial standards conform to best practices and overseeing the reverse proxy services for our clients. This team employs automated tools to increase the number of campaigns that can be provisioned per person, per day.
 
Our team of Web Presence Professionals is responsible for the delivery of the ReachCast service, which includes creating and publishing custom content, posting to social media sites, engaging with fans and followers, and monitoring online reputation.
 
Technology Operations
 
Our RL Platform is hosted in various data centers. Our primary data center hardware is co-located in El Segundo, California. We also maintain smaller regional data centers at various locations to support our domestic and international operations. We also have a business continuity and disaster recovery data center hosted in Chandler, Arizona. All facilities employ around-the-clock security personnel, video surveillance and monitoring and are serviced by onsite electrical generators and fire detection and suppression systems. All facilities also have multiple Tier 1 connections to the Internet. We continuously monitor the performance and availability of our products and have well documented procedures to respond to incidents. In addition, we utilize cloud computing providers for certain of our products and services.
 
We architect our applications to enable us to scale our operations quickly while reducing deployment costs. We have a highly-available, scalable infrastructure that employs hardware load-balancers, redundant interconnected network switches and firewalls, replicated databases and fault-tolerant storage devices.
 
 
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Product and Technology Development
 
We devote a substantial portion of our resources to developing new solutions and enhancing existing solutions, conducting product testing and quality assurance testing and improving core technology. We have teams of product and engineering professionals located in various locations in the United States and India.
 
Intellectual Property
 
Our success and ability to compete is dependent in part on our ability to develop and maintain the proprietary aspects of our technology and operate without infringing upon the proprietary rights of others. We have patent applications pending on some of our technology, but rely primarily on a combination of copyright, trade secret and trademark laws, confidentiality procedures, contractual provisions and other similar measures to protect our proprietary technology and information. Among other practices, we enter into confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants and business partners, and we control access to and distribution of our proprietary information.
 
On an ongoing basis, we consider trademark registration for some of our product names, slogans and logos in the United States and in some foreign countries. ReachLocal and TotalTrack are registered U.S. trademarks. We have registered ReachLocal as a trademark in Australia, Canada, the European Union, India and Japan. Other trademarks we use are ReachSearch, ReachDisplay, and ReachCast.
 
We are the registrant of the Internet domain name for our websites as well as for our proxy services, in addition to the international extensions of those domains. The information on, or accessible through, our websites does not constitute part of, and is not incorporated into, this Annual Report.
 
Customers
 
We currently primarily sell to SMB advertisers, national brands, and agencies and resellers. No single advertiser, national brands, or agency or reseller represents more than 10% of our total consolidated revenue.
 
Competition
 
The market for local online advertising solutions is intensely competitive and rapidly changing, and with the introduction of new technologies and market entrants, we expect competition to intensify in the future. Many of our current and potential competitors enjoy substantial competitive advantages, such as greater name recognition, longer operating histories and larger marketing budgets, as well as substantially greater financial, technical and other resources. In addition, many of our current and potential competitors have established marketing relationships and access to larger customer bases.
 
Our competitors include:
 
 
Internet Marketing Providers. We compete with large Internet marketing providers such as Google, Yahoo! and Microsoft. These providers typically offer their products and services through disparate, online-only, self-service platforms. We compete with these companies on the basis of our IMC sales force, our product offerings and our publisher-agnostic services to our clients. Although we compete against the self-service offerings of these large providers, we also have business relationships with them and we believe we are an important customer for their locally-targeted search inventory. We also believe that we provide a valuable service to these companies by connecting them to a large number of SMBs, which are generally disinclined to purchase online advertising via self-service platforms.
 
 
Traditional, Offline Media Companies. We compete with traditional yellow page and newspaper companies with large, direct sales forces. While these traditional media companies have made investments to address the migration of advertising expenditures away from their existing print products, we believe that they face the prospect of cannibalizing their existing higher margin products that they own and the challenge of re-training and restructuring their sales forces, most of whom have only sold print products and many of whom still receive the majority of their income from selling those products. We compete with these companies on the basis of the strength and breadth of our technology platform and product offering and our focus exclusively on Internet advertising.
 
 
Other SMB Marketing Providers. We also compete with technology companies providing online marketing platforms focused on the SMB market such as Angie’s List and Yelp, as well as newer market entrants, such as Groupon and LivingSocial, which are actively focused on new forms of online marketing solutions for SMBs and in some cases building significant direct sales forces. We compete with these companies based on our scale, technological platform, breadth of product suite, size and geographic scope of our IMCs and established publisher relationships.
 
 
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Government Regulation
 
We are subject to general business regulations and laws as well as regulations and laws specifically governing the Internet. Existing and future laws and regulations may impede the growth of the Internet or other online services. These regulations and laws may cover taxation, tariffs, user privacy, data protection, pricing, content, copyrights, distribution, electronic contracts and other communications, consumer protection, broadband residential Internet access and the characteristics and quality of services. It is not clear how existing laws governing issues such as property ownership, sales and other taxes, libel and personal privacy apply to the Internet. Unfavorable resolution of these issues may substantially harm our business and operating results.
 
Employees
 
At December 31, 2011 we had 1,668 employees worldwide. None of our employees are represented by labor unions. We believe that relations with our employees are good.
 
Available Information
 
We file reports with the Securities and Exchange commission (the “SEC”), including annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and any other filings required by the SEC. We make available free of charge in the investor relations section of our corporate website (http://investors.reachlocal.com) our annual report on form 10-K, quarterly reports on form 10-Q, current reports on form 8-K, and all amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. References to the Company’s corporate website address in this report are intended to be inactive textual references only, and none of the information contained on our website is part of this report or incorporated in this report by reference.
 
 
You should carefully consider the risks described below and the other information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
 
Risks Related to Our Business
 
We have experienced rapid growth in an emerging market and have a limited operating history, which may make it difficult to evaluate our current business and future prospects.
 
We commenced operations in late 2004 and have only a limited operating history, which may make our current business and future prospects difficult to evaluate. We developed a strategy for taking advantage of what we believe is a shift of local marketing budgets from traditional media formats to digital media formats and our strategy allowed us to grow rapidly. Recently, however, our growth rate has slowed and although we have plans to increase our growth, we cannot assure you that our strategy will be successful and that we will be able to increase or stabilize our growth rate. You must consider our business and prospects in light of the risks and difficulties we encounter as an early stage company in the new and rapidly evolving online marketing industry. These risks and difficulties include:
 
 
maintaining the effectiveness of our RL Platform, and adapting our technology to new market opportunities and challenges;
 
 
competition from existing and new competitors;
 
 
reaching and maintaining profitability;
 
 
our limited number of product offerings and risks associated with developing and selling new product offerings;
 
 
continuing to attract new SMB clients, many of whom have not previously advertised online and may not understand the value to their businesses of our products and services;
 
 
successfully entering new markets, domestically and internationally; and
 
 
effectively managing rapid growth in our sales force, personnel and operations.
 
Failing to successfully address these challenges or others could significantly harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.
 
We have incurred significant operating losses in the past and may incur significant operating losses in the future.
 
As of December 31, 2011 we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $26.2 million, and we expect to incur net operating losses for the foreseeable future. We expect our operating expenses to increase in the future as we expand our operations. Our business strategy contemplates hiring significant numbers of additional IMCs, both in new and existing markets, as well as making substantial investments in new and existing products, which will require significant expenditures. If our revenue does not grow to offset these increased expenses, we will not be profitable. We also expect that a variety of factors, including increased competition and the maturation of our business, may cause our revenue growth rate to decline in the future, and we cannot assure you that our revenue will continue to grow or will not decline. As a result, you should not consider our historical revenue growth as indicative of our future performance. Furthermore, if our operating expenses exceed our expectations, our financial performance will be adversely affected.
 
 
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We purchase most of our media from Google, and our business could be adversely affected if Google takes actions that are adverse to our interests. Similar actions from Yahoo!, Microsoft and other media providers could adversely affect our business, though to a lesser degree.
 
Nearly all of our cost of revenue is for the purchase of media, and a substantial majority of the media we purchase is from Google. Google accounts for a large majority of all U.S. searches, and Google’s share in foreign markets is often even greater. As a result, we expect that our business will depend upon media purchases from Google for the foreseeable future. This dependence makes us vulnerable to actions that Google may take to change the manner in which it sells AdWords, as described below, or conducts its business on a number of levels:
 
 
• 
Google Can Choose to Change the Terms and Conditions Upon Which it Does Business with Us and our Advertisers. Google can act unilaterally to change the terms and conditions for our purchase of media or the purchase of Google products, and Google has done so in the past. For instance, in May 2011 Google announced that it would require all advertisers purchasing AdWords to adopt and post a privacy policy if they collect any personal information and to follow certain security protocols if they are collecting  payment data or other sensitive data.  Recently, Google began enforcing that policy by not allowing advertisers to initiate campaigns if they are not in compliance with the policy. This has resulted in a delay for a small number of our advertisers?? campaigns.  If the delay starts affecting a material number of our advertisers and we’re unable to help them find a solution, this could adversely affect our business.  Future changes by Google to the terms and conditions upon which we purchase media could materially and adversely affect our business.
 
 
Competitive Risk. Google offers its products directly to SMBs through an online self-service option. Google enjoys substantial competitive advantages over us, such as substantially greater financial, technical and other resources. In addition, Google continues to launch products that are targeted directly at SMBs, which Google does not always make available to third parties. While we cannot assess at this time the effect of Google’s offering such products directly to SMBs, the prices charged by Google for direct service are lower than the prices we charge for the same media.
 
 
Technology Risk. Our RL Platform interacts with Google through publicly available application programming interfaces, or APIs. If Google were to discontinue the availability of all or a portion of these APIs to us, we may have to change our technology, incur additional costs or discontinue certain products or services that we currently offer our clients. Any of these changes could adversely affect our ability to provide effective online marketing and reporting solutions to our clients. In addition, Google may decide to alter the amount it charges us for the right to use its APIs, which would decrease our gross margin absent any change in our pricing to our customers.
 
 
Editorial Control. Google closely monitors the experience of end-users, and from time-to-time its editorial personnel request that companies alter their services based on Google’s determination that aspects of such services could adversely affect the end-user experience. For example, each of our media products includes TotalTrack, a tracking service powered by our proprietary reverse proxy technology. If Google were to determine that the tracking URLs utilized by our TotalTrack service adversely affects the end-user’s experience, Google could require us to alter or suspend the way we implement our tracking solutions. Such a change would significantly decrease our ability to optimize our clients’ advertising campaigns and limit our ability to provide the level of campaign performance reporting that we currently provide to our clients.
 
 
Rebate/Incentive Risk. Google retains broad authority with respect to its rebate programs and has, from time to time, canceled rebate programs. For example, effective December 31, 2008, Google terminated a publisher rebate provided as part of its North American Authorized AdWords Reseller program, which was the primary reason that our cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue increased from 52.8% in 2008 to 54.5% in 2010. In the second quarter of 2011, we entered into reseller agreements with Google that, among other things, provide us with certain performance bonuses if certain advertiser targets, including share of retail requirements, are met. Our reseller agreements with Google are subject to broad mutual termination rights and termination of those agreements would negatively affect our cost of revenue.
 
In addition, any new developments or rumors of developments regarding Google’s business practices that affect the local online advertising industry may create perceptions with our customers or investors that our ability to compete has been impaired.
 
The above risks also apply to other publishers from whom we purchase media, including Yahoo! and Microsoft.
 
 
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We purchase a significant majority of our media from Google, Microsoft and Yahoo! in an auction marketplace. If we are unable to purchase media from any one of these companies, if prices for media significantly increase or if the manner in which the media is sold changes, our business could be adversely affected.
 
Our success depends on our ability to purchase media from Google, Microsoft and Yahoo! at reasonable prices so that we can provide our clients with a reasonable return on the advertising expenditures they make through us. We generally purchase this media in an auction marketplace. Increased competition or other factors may cause the cost of the media that we purchase from Google, Yahoo! and Microsoft to rise. In particular, if our expectation that local SMB advertising will increasingly migrate to the Internet is correct, the marketing budget available to bid in these auctions will increase and the price of media may increase substantially. An increase in the cost of media in these marketplaces without a corresponding increase in our media buying efficiency could result in an increase in our cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue even if our business expands. In addition, such an increase could result in an increase in the prices we must charge our clients or a decrease in our ability to fulfill our clients’ service expectations. Furthermore, the Internet search companies that operate these media marketplaces may change the operating rules or bidding procedures in ways that decrease the effectiveness of the technology that we use to optimize our purchases or otherwise prevent us from purchasing media at reasonable prices or at all. Any change in our ability to provide effective online marketing campaigns to our clients may adversely affect our ability to attract and retain clients.
 
The market in which we participate is intensely competitive, and if we do not compete effectively, our operating results could be harmed.
 
The market for online marketing solutions is intensely competitive and rapidly changing, and with the emergence of new technologies and market entrants, we expect competition to intensify in the future.
 
Our competitors include:
 
 
Internet Marketing Providers. We compete with large Internet marketing providers such as Google, Yahoo! and Microsoft. These providers typically offer their products and services through disparate, online-only, self-service platforms.
 
 
Traditional, Offline Media Companies. We compete with traditional yellow page, newspaper, television and radio companies that, in many cases, have large, direct sales forces.
 
 
Other SMB Marketing Providers. We also compete with technology companies providing online marketing platforms focused on the SMB market such as Angie’s List and Yelp, as well as new market entrants, such as Groupon and LivingSocial, which are actively focused on new forms of online marketing solutions for SMBs and, in some cases, building significant direct sales forces.
 
Many of our current and potential competitors enjoy substantial competitive advantages, such as greater name recognition, longer operating histories, substantially greater financial, technical and other resources and, in some cases, the ability to combine their online marketing products with traditional offline media such as newspapers or yellow pages. These companies may use these advantages to offer products similar to ours at a lower price, develop different products to compete with our current solutions and respond more quickly and effectively than we can to new or changing opportunities, technologies, standards or client requirements. In particular, if major Internet search companies such as Google, Yahoo! and Microsoft decide to devote greater resources to develop and market online advertising offerings directly to SMBs, greater numbers of our clients and potential clients may choose to purchase online advertising services directly from these competitors, particularly if and as the ease of their self-service models increases. In addition, many of our current and potential competitors have established marketing relationships with and access to larger client bases and are heavily investing in recruiting sales personnel, which might affect our ability to achieve our IMC hiring targets.
 
As the market for local online advertising increases, we expect new competitors, business models and solutions to emerge, some of which may be superior to ours. We also believe that the marketplace for online media is more transparent than other media marketplaces. Our competitors may use information available to them to price their products at a discount to the prices that we currently offer. Clients and potential clients might adopt competitive products and services in lieu of purchasing our solutions, even if our online marketing and reporting solutions are more effective than those offered by our competitors, if we are not able to differentiate our products and convince clients that our products are more effective that our competitors’ offerings. For all of these reasons, we may not be able to compete successfully against our current and potential competitors.
 
We may be unsuccessful in managing or growing our international operations, which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
 
We currently have international sales operations in Australia, the United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, the Netherlands and Japan, and campaign support services in India. Revenue from international operations outside North America accounted for 22.9% and 17.1% of total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2011 and in 2010, respectively. Over the long term, we intend to expand our international operations to new markets and countries. We may incur losses or otherwise fail to enter new markets successfully.
 
Our ability to operate internationally involves various risks, including the need to invest significant resources, the possibility that returns on such investments will not be achieved in the near future and competitive environments with which we are unfamiliar. Our international operations may not prove to be successful in certain or any markets. In addition, we have incurred and expect to continue to incur significant expenses as we attempt to establish our presence in particular international markets. Our current and any future international expansion plans will require management attention and resources and may be unsuccessful. While we began entering non English-speaking countries with our entrance into Germany in the fourth quarter of 2010, prior to that our primary focus in international operations had been in English-speaking countries. We, therefore, are still gaining experience in modifying our technology and selling our solutions in non-English speaking international markets. Furthermore, in many international markets, we would not be the first entrant, and there may exist greater competition with stronger brand recognition than we have faced in our current markets. Different privacy, censorship and liability standards and regulations and different intellectual property laws in foreign countries may cause our business and operating results to suffer.
 
 
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Our international operations may also fail to succeed due to other risks inherent in foreign operations, including:
 
 
difficulties or delays in developing a network of clients in one or more international markets;
 
 
legal, political or systemic restrictions on the ability of U.S. companies to market products and services or otherwise do business in foreign countries;
 
 
different regulatory requirements, including regulation of internet services, privacy and data protection, banking and money transmitting, and selling, that may limit or prevent the offering of our products in some jurisdictions;
 
 
international intellectual property laws that may be insufficient to protect our intellectual property or permit us to successfully defend ourselves or our intellectual property in international lawsuits;
 
 
different employee/employer relationships and the existence of workers’ councils and labor unions, which could make it more difficult to terminate underperforming IMCs;
 
 
difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations;
 
 
greater difficulty in accounts receivable collection;
 
 
currency fluctuations or a weakening U.S. dollar, which can increase costs of international expansion;
 
 
potential adverse tax consequences, including the difficulty of repatriating money;
 
 
lack of infrastructure to adequately conduct electronic commerce transactions; and
 
 
price controls or other restrictions on foreign currency.
 
As a result of these obstacles, we may find it impossible or prohibitively expensive to continue or expand our international operations and replicate our business model, which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
 
Our future success depends in part on our ability to effectively develop and sell additional products, services and features.
 
We invest in the development of new products and services with the expectation that we will be able to effectively offer them to our clients. We plan to develop or potentially acquire other products and services that address new segments of an SMB’s marketing activities. Our future revenue depends in part on our ability to stay competitive with our product and service offerings. Our ability to develop and launch new products on our expected timelines, or at all, is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, such as the difficulties of designing complex software products, achieving desired functionality and integrating the new products with our existing technology.
 
The sale of new or additional features, products and services, the value or utility of which may be different from our current products and services or less easily understood by our clients, may require increasingly sophisticated and costly sales efforts and increased operating expenses, as well as additional training of our IMCs and education for our SMB clients. New product launches require the investment of resources in advance of any revenue generation. If new products fail to achieve market acceptance, we may never realize a return on this investment. If these efforts are not successful, our business may suffer. Further, many SMBs have modest advertising budgets. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that the successful introduction of new products or services will not adversely affect sales of our current products and services or that our SMB clients will increase their aggregate spending as a result of the introduction of new products and services.
 
Failure to adequately recruit, train and retain our Internet Marketing Consultants would impede our growth and could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
 
Our ability to maintain or grow revenue and achieve profitability will depend, in large part, on increasing the size of our direct sales force of IMCs. We divide our IMCs into two groups: Underclassmen, who are IMCs during their first 12 months of employment, and Upperclassmen, who are IMCs with more than 12 months of employment. Generally, Upperclassmen are more productive than Underclassmen and generate revenue in excess of direct and allocable costs, while Underclassmen do not. Accordingly, we rely on the success of our Upperclassmen to fund our investment in Underclassmen. As we attempt to achieve larger scale in our business, if our Upperclassmen are not as successful as we anticipate, or if our Underclassmen do not successfully develop into productive Upperclassmen, our ability to grow revenue will suffer, our costs may increase and we may not ever become profitable. We assume a certain level of attrition when we hire new Underclassmen. We base that assumption on our historical experience and future expectations, and our assumptions may prove wrong. If our IMC attrition is greater than anticipated, our business will be harmed. In addition, as more companies seek to capitalize on the shift to online media, competition for knowledgeable and qualified online media sales personnel will increase. Moreover, employees that we hire from our competitors have in the past and may in the future be subject to claims of breach of noncompetition and non-solicitation obligations owed to their former employers, which could impact our ability to attract and hire high-quality candidates and potentially subject us to litigation. If we are unable to effectively recruit, train and retain IMCs, we may not be able to grow our sales force, our revenue may suffer or our costs may increase.
 
 
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We depend on key personnel to operate our business, and if we are unable to retain our current personnel or hire additional personnel, our ability to develop and successfully market our business could be harmed.
 
We believe that our future success is highly dependent on the contributions of our executive officers, as well as our ability to attract and retain highly skilled managerial, sales, technical and finance personnel. Qualified individuals are in high demand, and we may incur significant costs to attract them. All of our U.S. officers and other U.S. employees are at-will employees, which means they may terminate their employment relationship with us at any time, and their knowledge of our business and industry would be extremely difficult to replace. If we are unable to attract and retain our executive officers and key employees, our business, operating results and financial condition will be harmed. In addition, our management team has a long history of working together, and we believe that our key executives have developed highly successful and effective working relationships. If one or more of these individuals leave, we may not be able to fully integrate new executives or replicate the current dynamic, and our operations could suffer.
 
Volatility or lack of performance in our stock price may also affect our ability to attract and retain our key employees. Our executive officers have become vested in a substantial amount of stock or stock options. Employees may be more likely to leave us if the shares they own or the shares underlying their options have significantly appreciated in value relative to the original purchase prices of the shares or the exercise prices of the options, or if the exercise prices of the options that they hold are significantly above the market price of our common stock. As of March 2, 2012, approximately 92% of outstanding stock options held by our employees were underwater.
 
During 2011, we realigned the roles of some of our executive management team. Those changes may not prove effective or may be disruptive to our business and could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
 
The impact of worldwide economic conditions, including the resulting effect on advertising budgets, may adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.
 
Our performance is subject to worldwide economic conditions and their impact on levels of advertising. In addition, as we increase our international footprint, we will become more sensitive to economic conditions outside of North America. We believe that the economic conditions remain challenging in North America and internationally, which  have adversely affected our business.
 
To the extent that economic difficulties continue, or worldwide economic conditions materially deteriorate, our existing and potential clients may no longer consider investment in our online marketing solutions a necessity, or may elect to reduce advertising budgets. Historically, economic downturns have resulted in overall reductions in advertising spending. In particular, online marketing advertising solutions may be viewed by some of our existing and potential clients as a lower priority and may be among the first expenditures reduced as a result of unfavorable economic conditions. These developments could cause us to respond by temporarily reducing hiring or taking other measures and could have an adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.
 
We are exposed to fluctuations in currency exchange rates.
 
Because we conduct a significant and growing portion of our business outside the United States but report our financial results in U.S. dollars, we face exposure to adverse movements in currency exchange rates. Our foreign operations are exposed to foreign exchange rate fluctuations as the financial results are translated from the local currency into U.S. dollars upon consolidation. If the U.S. dollar weakens against foreign currencies, the translation of these foreign currency denominated transactions will result in increased revenue, operating expenses and net income. Similarly, if the U.S. dollar strengthens against foreign currencies, the translation of these foreign currency denominated transaction will result in decreased revenue, operating expenses and net income. As exchange rates vary, sales and other operating results, when translated, may differ materially from expectations. In addition, approximately 33% of our cash balances are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, and the value of such holdings will increase or decrease along with the weakness or strength of the U.S. dollar, respectively.
 
If we fail to increase the number of our clients or retain existing clients, our revenue and our business will be harmed.
 
Our ability to grow our business depends in large part on maintaining and expanding our client base. To do so, we must convince prospective clients of the benefits of our RL Platform and existing clients of the continuing value of our products and services. The online marketing industry is new and rapidly evolving, and many prospective clients may not be familiar with the benefits of online marketing. These businesses may generally favor using more traditional methods of local advertising, such as newspapers or print yellow pages directories. In addition, as the online media options for SMBs proliferate and our clients become more familiar with such options, we cannot assure you that we will be successful in maintaining or expanding our client base.
 
 
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SMB marketing and advertising campaigns are often sporadic and difficult to predict, as they may be driven by seasonal promotions or business dynamics, evolving product and service offerings, available budgets and other factors. Some SMBs advertise only periodically, such as to promote sales or special offers. Because we need to address these business considerations of our clients, we do not require clients to enter into long-term obligations to purchase our products and services. Many do not renew their campaigns, and some cancel. We must continually add new clients both to replace clients who choose not to renew their advertising campaigns and to grow our business beyond our current client base. A client’s decision not to renew may be based on a number of factors, including dissatisfaction with our products and services, inability to continue operations and spending levels or because their campaigns were event-driven or otherwise intentionally limited in scope or duration. If our clients increasingly fail to fulfill their contracts or increasingly do not renew their advertising campaigns with us, or if we are unable to attract new clients in numbers greater than the number of clients that we lose, our client base will decrease and our business, financial condition and operating results will be adversely affected.
 
A significant portion of our revenue is generated by our national brands, agencies and resellers. If we are not able to maintain relationships with one or more of them, our sales may suffer and our revenue may decline.
 
We distribute our products and services through a separate sales force for national brands with operations in multiple local markets, as well as select third-party agencies and resellers. Recently, revenue from our domestic agencies and resellers has declined and although we are increasing investment in this channel, we may not be able to stabilize or grow our revenue from agencies and resellers. More generally, because national brands, agencies and resellers typically represent an aggregated group of SMB clients, if our relationship with one or more of these persons or companies were restricted or terminated, our sales would decrease and our revenue would be adversely affected, potentially materially. In addition, our strategy of distributing our products and services to our clients through our Direct Local channel and through our National Brands, Agencies and Resellers channel may result in distribution channel conflicts. Our Direct Local sales efforts may compete with our third-party agency and resellers and, to the extent different third-party agencies and resellers target the same clients, they may also come into conflict with each other. While we have certain policies in place to address these potential conflicts, there can be no assurance that these channel conflicts will not materially adversely affect our relationship with existing third-party agencies and resellers or adversely affect our ability to attract new third-party agencies and resellers. In the event that any of our relationships with existing third-party agencies and resellers are terminated or we are unable to attract new third-party agencies and resellers as a result of these distribution channel conflicts, our sales may suffer and our revenue may decline.
 
If SMBs increasingly opt to perform advertising tasks on their own, their demand for our products and services would decrease, negatively affecting our revenue.

Large Internet marketing providers such as Google, Yahoo! and Microsoft offer online advertising products and services through self-service platforms. As SMBs become more familiar with and experienced in interacting online, they may prefer to actively manage their own Internet presence and their demand for our products and services may decrease. We cannot predict the evolving experiences and preferences of SMBs, which may become more fully integrated into digitized modes of commerce and communication, and cannot assure you that we can develop our products and services in a manner that will suit their needs and expectations faster or more effectively than our competitors, or at all. If we are not able to do so, our results of operations would suffer.
 
We expect a number of factors to cause our operating results to fluctuate on a quarterly and annual basis, which may make it difficult to predict our future performance.
 
Our revenue and operating results could vary significantly from quarter-to-quarter and year-to-year because of a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control. As a result, comparing our operating results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful. In addition to other risk factors discussed in this section, factors that may contribute to the variability of our quarterly and annual results include:
 
 
unilateral actions taken by Google or other media providers;
 
 
seasonal variations in advertising budgets and media pricing;
 
 
seasonal variations in IMC hiring; the rate at which SMBs migrate their advertising spending online;
 
 
the timing and stage of product and technology development;
 
 
our ability to develop, introduce and manage consumer-facing products;
 
 
the impact of fluctuations in currency exchange rates, particularly the relative strength of the US Dollar to the currencies in the countries in which we do business and its impact on our consolidated revenues and results of operations;
 
 
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the impact of worldwide economic conditions on our revenue and expenses;
 
 
the timing of and our ability to enter new markets and manage expansion in new markets;
 
 
our ability to appropriately set the price of non-media products;
 
 
our ability to accurately forecast revenue and appropriately plan our expenses;
 
 
the attraction and retention of qualified employees and key personnel;
 
 
the effectiveness of our internal controls;
 
 
our ability to effectively manage our growth;
 
 
our ability to successfully manage any future acquisitions of businesses, solutions or technologies;
 
 
interruptions in service and any related impact on our reputation;
 
 
the effects of natural or man-made catastrophic events; and
 
 
changes in government regulation affecting our business.
 
As a result of these and other factors, the results of any prior quarterly or annual periods should not be relied upon as indications of our future operating performance. In addition, our operating results may not meet the expectations of investors.
 
 Growth may place significant demands on our management and our infrastructure.
 
We have experienced substantial growth in our business. This growth has placed and may continue to place significant demands on our management and our operational and financial infrastructure. As our operations grow in size, scope and complexity, we will need to improve and upgrade our systems and infrastructure to offer an increasing number of clients enhanced solutions, features and functionality. The expansion of our systems and infrastructure will require us to commit substantial financial, operational and technical resources in advance of an increase in the volume of business, with no assurance that the volume of business will increase. Continued growth could also strain our ability to maintain reliable service levels for our clients, develop and improve our operational, financial and management controls, enhance our reporting systems and procedures and recruit, train and retain highly skilled personnel. Managing our growth will require significant expenditures and allocation of valuable management resources. If we fail to maintain the necessary level of discipline and efficiency in our organization as it grows, our business, operating results and financial condition would be harmed.
 
Our ability to deliver reporting and tracking solutions to our clients depends upon the quality, availability, policies and prices of third-party call tracking providers, website hosting companies and domain registrars.
 
We rely on third parties to provide our call tracking and recording services. In certain geographies, we rely on a single call tracking provider. In the event the provider were to terminate our relationship or stop providing these services, our ability to provide our tracking services could be impaired. We may not be able to find an alternative provider in time to avoid a disruption of our services or at all, and we cannot be certain that such provider’s services would be compatible with our products without significant modifications or cost, if at all. Our proxy servers, which underlie key elements of our tracking services, require the use of various domains and IP address blocks. If domain registrars, website hosting companies or Internet service providers determined that our use of such domains and IP blocks were in violation of their terms of service or internet policies, such companies could elect to block our traffic. For example, several website hosting companies have blocked traffic from our reverse proxy servers for a group of our SMB clients, resulting in our inability to provide our full tracking services to those clients. Our ability to address or mitigate these risks may be limited. The failure of all or part of our tracking services could result in a loss of clients and associated revenue and could harm our results of operations.
 
We rely on bandwidth providers, data centers and other third parties for key aspects of the process of providing online marketing solutions to our clients, and any failure or interruption in the services provided by these third parties could harm our ability to operate our business and damage our reputation.
 
We rely on third-party vendors, including data center, software as a service, cloud computing Internet infrastructure and bandwidth providers. Any disruption in the services provided by these third-party providers or any failure of these third-party providers to handle current or higher volumes of use could significantly harm our business. Any financial or other difficulties our providers face may have negative effects on our business, the nature and extent of which we cannot predict. We exercise little control over these third-party vendors, which increases our vulnerability to problems with the services they provide. We have experienced and expect to continue to experience interruptions and delays in service and availability for such elements. Any errors, failures, interruptions or delays experienced in connection with these third-party technologies and information services could negatively impact our relationship with our clients and adversely affect our brand and our business and could expose us to liabilities to third parties.
 
 
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Client complaints or negative publicity about our customer service or other business practices could adversely affect our reputation and brand.
 
Client complaints or negative publicity about our technology, personnel or customer service could severely diminish confidence in and the use of our products and services. Effective customer service requires significant personnel expense, and this expense, if not managed properly, could significantly impact our operating results. Moreover, failure to provide our clients with high-quality customer experiences for any reason could substantially harm our reputation and our brand and adversely affect our efforts to develop as a trusted provider of online marketing and reporting solutions for the SMB market.
 
Rapid technological changes may render our online marketing and reporting solutions obsolete or decrease the attractiveness of our solutions to our clients.
 
To remain competitive, we must continue to enhance and improve the functionality and features of our RL Platform. The Internet, access to the Internet and the online marketing and advertising industry are rapidly changing. Our competitors are constantly developing new products and services in online marketing and advertising. As a result, we must continue to invest significant resources in order to enhance our existing products and services and introduce new products and services that clients can easily and effectively use. If competitors introduce new solutions embodying new technologies, or if new industry practices emerge, our existing technology may become obsolete. Our future success will depend on our ability to:
 
 
enhance our existing solutions;
 
 
develop new solutions and technologies that address the increasingly sophisticated and varied needs of our prospective clients; and
 
 
respond to technological advances and emerging industry practices on a cost-effective and timely basis.
 
Developing our online marketing and reporting solutions and the underlying technology entail significant technical and business risks. We may use new technologies ineffectively, or we may fail to adapt our RL Platform and network infrastructure to client requirements or emerging industry practices. If we face material delays in introducing new or enhanced solutions, our clients may forego the use of our solutions in favor of those of our competitors.
 
Future acquisitions could disrupt our business and harm our financial condition and operating results.
 
Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to expand our offerings and markets and grow our business in response to changing technologies, client demands and competitive pressures. In some circumstances, such as our acquisitions of SMB:LIVE and DealOn, we may determine to do so through the acquisition of complementary businesses, solutions or technologies rather than through internal development. The identification of suitable acquisition candidates can be difficult, time-consuming and costly, and we may not be able to successfully complete identified acquisitions. Furthermore, even if we successfully complete an acquisition, we may not be able to successfully assimilate and integrate the business, technologies, solutions, personnel or operations of the company that we acquired, particularly if key personnel of an acquired company decide not to work for us. We may also inherit liability for activities of the acquired company before the acquisition, including violations of laws, rules and regulations, intellectual property disputes, commercial disputes, tax liabilities and other known and unknown liabilities. In addition, we may borrow to complete an acquisition, which would increase our costs, or issue equity securities, which would dilute our stockholders’ ownership and could adversely affect the price of our common stock. Historically, we have primarily grown organically, rather than through acquisitions. As a result, we have somewhat limited experience in identifying and executing acquisition opportunities. Acquisitions may also involve the entry into geographic or business markets in which we have little or no prior experience. Consequently, we may not achieve anticipated benefits of the acquisitions which could harm our operating results.
 
We may require additional capital to respond to business opportunities, challenges, acquisitions or unforeseen circumstances. If capital is not available to us, our business, operating results and financial condition may be harmed.
 
We may require additional capital to operate or expand our business. In addition, some of the product development initiatives we have in the early stages of development may require substantial additional capital resources before they begin to generate material revenue. Additional funds may not be available when we need them, on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all. Any debt financing secured by us in the future could involve restrictive covenants relating to our capital raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities, including potential acquisitions. If we do not have funds available to enhance our solutions, maintain the competitiveness of our technology or pursue business opportunities, we may not be able to service our existing clients or acquire new clients, which could have an adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.
 
 
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Our business is subject to the risks of earthquakes, fires, floods and other natural catastrophic events and to interruption by man-made problems such as computer viruses or terrorism.
 
Our systems and operations are vulnerable to damage or interruption from earthquakes, fires, floods, power losses, telecommunications failures, terrorist attacks, acts of war, human errors, break-ins and similar events. For example, a significant natural disaster, such as an earthquake, fire or flood, could have a material adverse impact on our business, operating results and financial condition, and our insurance coverage will likely be insufficient to compensate us for losses that may occur. Our servers may also be vulnerable to computer viruses, break-ins and similar disruptions from unauthorized tampering with our computer systems, which could lead to interruptions, delays, loss of critical data or the unauthorized disclosure of confidential intellectual property or client data. We may not have sufficient protection or recovery plans in certain circumstances, such as natural disasters affecting the Los Angeles area, and our business interruption insurance may be insufficient to compensate us for losses that may occur. As we rely heavily on our servers, computer and communications systems and the Internet to conduct our business and provide high quality customer service, such disruptions could negatively impact our ability to run our business, which could have an adverse affect on our operating results and financial condition.
 
If our security measures are breached and unauthorized access is obtained to a client’s data, our service may be perceived as not being secure and clients may curtail or stop using our service.
 
Our service involves the storage and transmission of clients’ proprietary information, such as credit card and bank account numbers, and security breaches could expose us to a risk of loss of this information, litigation and possible liability. Our payment services may be susceptible to credit card and other payment fraud schemes, including unauthorized use of credit cards, debit cards or bank account information, identity theft or merchant fraud.
 
If our security measures are breached in the future as a result of third-party action, employee error, malfeasance or otherwise, and as a result, someone obtains unauthorized access to our clients’ data, our reputation will be damaged, our business may suffer and we could incur significant liability. Because techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or to sabotage systems change frequently and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. If an actual or perceived breach of our security occurs, the market perception of the effectiveness of our security measures could be harmed and we could lose sales and clients.
 
We are subject to a number of risks related to credit card payments we accept. If we fail to be in compliance with applicable credit card rules and regulations, we may incur additional fees, fines and ultimately the revocation of the right to use the credit card company, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
 
A majority of our clients’ campaigns were paid for using a credit card or debit card. For credit and debit card payments, we pay interchange and other fees, which may increase over time and raise our operating expenses and adversely affect our net income. We are also subject to payment card association operating rules, certification requirements and rules governing electronic funds transfers, which could change or be reinterpreted to make it difficult or impossible for us to comply. We believe we are compliant with the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard, which incorporates Visa’s Cardholder Information Security Program and MasterCard’s Site Data Protection standard. However, there is no guarantee that we will maintain such compliance or that compliance will prevent illegal or improper use of our payment system. If we fail to comply with these rules or requirements, we may be subject to fines and higher transaction fees and lose our ability to accept credit and debit card payments from our clients. A failure to adequately control fraudulent credit card transactions would result in significantly higher credit card-related costs and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
 
Our revenue may be negatively affected if we are required to charge sales tax or other transaction taxes on all or a portion of our past and future sales to customers located in jurisdictions where we are currently not collecting and reporting tax.
 
We generally do not charge, collect or have imposed upon us sales or other transaction taxes related to the products and services we sell, except for certain corporate level taxes and transaction level taxes outside of the United States. However, many states, local jurisdictions or one or more countries may seek to impose sales or other transaction tax obligations on us in the future. A successful assertion by any state, local jurisdiction or country in which we do business that we should be collecting sales or other transaction taxes on the sale of our products or services could result in substantial tax liabilities related to past sales, create increased administrative burdens or costs, discourage clients from purchasing products or services from us, decrease our ability to compete or otherwise substantially harm our business and results of operations. The imposition of new laws requiring the collection of sales or other transaction taxes on the sale of our products or services (or the introduction of new products or services that are subject to existing transaction taxes) could create increased administrative burdens or costs, discourage clients from purchasing products or services from us, decrease our ability to compete or otherwise substantially harm our business and results of operations.
 
The intended tax benefits of our corporate structure and intercompany arrangements depend on the application of the tax laws of various jurisdictions and on how we operate our business.
 
Our corporate structure and intercompany arrangements, including the manner in which we develop and use our intellectual property and the transfer pricing of our intercompany transactions, are intended to reduce our worldwide effective tax rate. The application of the tax laws of various jurisdictions, including the United States, to our international business activities is subject to interpretation and depends on our ability to operate our business in a manner consistent with our corporate structure and intercompany arrangements. The taxing authorities of the jurisdictions in which we operate may challenge our methodologies for valuing developed technology or intercompany arrangements, including our transfer pricing, or determine that the manner in which we operate our business does not achieve the intended tax consequences, which could increase our worldwide effective tax rate and harm our financial position and results of operations.
 
 
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Our corporate structure includes legal entities located in jurisdictions with income tax rates lower than the U.S. statutory tax rate. Our intercompany arrangements allocate income to such entities in accordance with arm’s-length principles and commensurate with functions performed, risks assumed and ownership of valuable corporate assets. We believe that income taxed in certain foreign jurisdictions at a lower rate relative to the U.S. statutory rate will have a beneficial impact on our worldwide effective tax rate.
 
Significant judgment is required in evaluating our tax positions and determining our provision for income taxes. During the ordinary course of business, there are many transactions and calculations for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. For example, our effective tax rates could be adversely affected by earnings being lower than anticipated in countries where we have lower statutory rates and higher than anticipated in countries where we have higher statutory rates, by changes in foreign currency exchange rates or by changes in the relevant tax, accounting and other laws, regulations, principles and interpretations. As we operate in numerous taxing jurisdictions, the application of tax laws can be subject to diverging and sometimes conflicting interpretations by tax authorities of these jurisdictions. It is not uncommon for taxing authorities in different countries to have conflicting views, for instance, with respect to, among other things, the manner in which the arm’s length standard is applied for transfer pricing purposes, or with respect to the valuation of intellectual property. In addition, tax laws are dynamic and subject to change as new laws are passed and new interpretations of the law are issued or applied. In particular, there is uncertainty in relation to the U.S. tax legislation in terms of the future corporate tax rate but also in terms of the U.S. tax consequences of income derived from intellectual property related income earned overseas in low tax jurisdictions.
 
Our existing corporate structure and intercompany arrangements have been implemented in a manner we believe is in compliance with current prevailing tax laws. However, the tax benefits which we intend to eventually derive could be undermined if we are unable to adapt the manner in which we operate our business and due to changing tax laws.
 
Failure to adequately protect our intellectual property could substantially harm our business and operating results.
 
Because our business is heavily dependent on our intellectual property, including our proprietary technology, the protection of our intellectual property rights is crucial to the success of our business. We rely on a combination of intellectual property rights, including trade secrets, patent applications, copyrights and trademarks, as well as contractual restrictions, to safeguard our intellectual property. These afford only limited protection. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy aspects of our online marketing and reporting solutions, technology, software and functionality or obtain and use information that we consider proprietary. Moreover, policing our proprietary rights is difficult and may not always be effective. In particular, because we sell our solutions internationally, we may need to enforce our rights under the laws of countries that do not protect proprietary rights to as great an extent as do the laws of the United States.
 
Our proprietary technology is not currently protected by any issued patents, and policing our rights to such technology may be hindered if we are unable to obtain any patents. In addition, the type and extent of patent claims that may be issued to us in the future is uncertain, and any patents that are issued may not contain claims that permit us to stop competitors from using similar technology. In light of the costs of obtaining patent protection, at times we may choose not to protect certain innovations that later on prove to be highly important. To the extent that the various technologies underlying any patent applications are determined to be business methods, the law around these types of patents is rapidly developing, and pending changes may impact our ability to protect our technology and proprietary use thereof through patents.
 
We have registered ReachLocal and other trademarks as trademarks in the United States and in certain other countries. Some of our trade names are not eligible to receive trademark protection. Also, trademark protection may not be available, or sought by us, in every country in which our technology and products are available online. Competitors may adopt service names similar to ours, or purchase our trademarks and confusingly similar terms as keywords in Internet search engine advertising programs, thereby impeding our ability to build brand identity and possibly leading to client confusion. In addition, there could be potential trade name or trademark infringement claims brought by owners of other registered trademarks or trademarks that incorporate variations of the term ReachLocal or our other trademarks.
 
Litigation or proceedings before the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office or other governmental authorities and administrative bodies in the United States and abroad may be necessary in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights, to protect our patent rights, trade secrets and domain names and to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. Our efforts to enforce or protect our proprietary rights may be ineffective and could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and could substantially harm our operating results.
 
 
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Confidentiality agreements with employees and others may not adequately prevent disclosure of trade secrets and other proprietary information.
 
In order to protect our proprietary technology and processes, we rely in part on confidentiality agreements with our employees, licensees, independent contractors and other advisors. These agreements may not effectively prevent disclosure of confidential information and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized disclosure of confidential information. In addition, others may independently discover trade secrets and proprietary information, and in such cases we could not assert any trade secret rights against such parties. Costly and time-consuming litigation could be necessary to enforce and determine the scope of our proprietary rights, and failure to obtain or maintain trade secret protection could adversely affect our competitive business position.
 
Assertions by third parties of infringement by us of their intellectual property rights could result in significant costs and substantially harm our business and operating results.
 
Companies in the Internet, technology and media industries own large numbers of patents, copyrights, trademarks and trade secrets and frequently litigate or threaten litigation based on allegations of infringement or other violations of intellectual property rights. Other parties have asserted, and may in the future assert, that we have infringed their intellectual property rights. These types of litigations may involve patent holding companies or other adverse patent owners who have no relevant product revenue, and therefore our own issued and pending patents, if any, may provide little or no deterrence. In addition, we have been and could in the future become involved in disputes over the use of keywords by our clients, to the extent such clients’ competitors allege the use of such keywords on our RL platform violates such competitors’ trademark rights. We cannot predict whether assertions of third-party intellectual property rights or claims arising from such assertions will substantially harm our business and operating results. If we are forced to defend against any infringement claims, whether they are with or without merit or are determined in our favor, we may face costly litigation and diversion of technical and management personnel. Furthermore, an adverse outcome of a dispute may require us to pay damages, potentially including treble damages and attorneys’ fees, if we are found to have willfully infringed a party’s patent or copyright rights; cease making, licensing or using solutions that are alleged to incorporate the intellectual property of others; expend additional development resources to redesign our solutions; and enter into potentially unfavorable royalty or license agreements in order to obtain the right to use necessary technologies. Royalty or licensing agreements, if required, may be unavailable on terms acceptable to us, or at all. Over time, we expect that we will increasingly be subject to infringement claims as the number of competitors in our industry segment grows or as our presence and visibility within the industry increases.
 
We could lose clients if we or our media partners fail to detect click-through or other fraud on advertisements in a manner that is acceptable to our clients.
 
We are exposed to the risk of fraudulent clicks or actions on our third-party publishers’ websites. We may lose clients, or in the future we may have to refund revenue that our clients have paid to us and that was later attributed to, or suspected to be caused by, click-through fraud. Click-through fraud occurs when an individual clicks on an ad displayed on a website or an automated system is used to create such clicks with little to no intent of viewing the underlying content. If fraudulent clicks are not detected, the affected clients may become dissatisfied with our campaigns, which in turn may lead to loss of clients and the related revenue.
 
Our business is subject to complex and evolving U.S. and foreign laws and regulations regarding privacy, data protection, and other matters. Many of these laws and regulations are subject to change and uncertain interpretation, and could result in claims, changes to our business practices, increased cost of operations, or otherwise harm our business.
 
We are subject to a variety of laws and regulations in the United States and abroad that involve matters central to our business, including user privacy, rights of publicity, data protection, content, intellectual property, distribution, electronic contracts and other communications, competition, protection of minors, consumer protection, taxation, and online payment services. Foreign data protection, privacy, and other laws and regulations are often more restrictive than those in the United States. These U.S. federal and state and foreign laws and regulations are constantly evolving and can be subject to significant change. In addition, the application and interpretation of these laws and regulations are often uncertain. These laws and regulations could have a significant impact on online advertising services depending on how these laws and regulations are interpreted and enforced.  It is also clear that the laws and regulations are intending to regulate behavioral targeting, the availability of which could become highly limited are eliminated entirely.  Our product suite does not rely heavily on the use of behavioral targeting, but we do offer a display remarketing product, which involves showing a consumer an ad for the website of an advertiser that the consumer has previously visited.

In addition, a number of proposals are pending before federal, state, and foreign legislative and regulatory bodies that could significantly affect our business. For example, a revision to the 1995 European Union Data Protection Directive is currently being considered by European legislative bodies that may include more stringent operational requirements for data processors and significant penalties for non-compliance. Similarly, there have been a number of recent legislative proposals in the United States, at both the federal and state level, that would impose new obligations in areas such as privacy, data protection and data breach notifications.  Some of the proposed changes to U.S. and European law could require that we obtain prior consent before using cookies or other tracking technologies or provide a “do not track” mechanism  in certain circumstances. These existing and proposed laws and regulations can be costly to comply with and can delay or impede the development of new products, result in negative publicity, increase our operating costs, require significant management time and attention, and subject us to claims or other remedies, including fines or demands that we modify or cease existing business practices.
 
 
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We process, store and use personal information and other data, which subjects us to governmental regulation and other legal obligations related to privacy. Our actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations could harm our business.
 
    We receive, store and process personal information and other user data, including credit card information for certain users. There are numerous federal, state and local laws around the world regarding privacy and the storing, sharing, use, processing, disclosure and protection of personal information and other user data, the scope of which are changing, subject to differing interpretations, and may be inconsistent between countries or conflict with other rules. It is possible that these obligations may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent from one jurisdiction to another and may conflict with other rules or our practices. Any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with our privacy policies, our privacy-related obligations to users or other third parties, or our privacy-related legal obligations, or any compromise of security that results in the unauthorized release or transfer of personally identifiable information or other user data, may result in governmental enforcement actions, litigation or negative publicity and could cause our advertisers to lose trust in us, which could have an adverse effect on our business. Additionally, if third parties with whom we work, such as our publishers or our providers of telephony services, violate applicable laws or our policies, such violations may also put our users’ information at risk and could have an adverse effect on our business.
 
Some of our services may utilize “open source” software, and any failure to comply with the terms of one or more of these open source licenses could negatively affect our business.
 
Some of our services may utilize software licensed by its authors or other third parties under so-called “open source” licenses, including, but not limited to, the GNU General Public License and the GNU Lesser General Public License. Some of those licenses may require that we make available source code for modifications or derivative works we create using the open source software, that we provide notices with our products and that we license any modifications or derivative works under an open source license or rights of further use to third parties. If we combine our proprietary software with open source software, we could be required to release the source code of our proprietary software. Although we take steps to ensure that our software engineers properly isolate our proprietary software they design from open source software components, we may not control the product development efforts of our engineers and we cannot be certain that they have not inappropriately incorporated open source software into our proprietary technologies. If an author or other third party that distributes open source software were to obtain a judgment against us based on allegations that we had not complied with the terms of any applicable open source license, we could be subject to liability for copyright infringement damages and breach of contract. In addition, we could be enjoined from selling our services that contained the open source software and required to make the source code for the open source software available, to grant third parties certain rights of further use of our software or to remove the open source software from our services, which could disrupt our distribution and sale of some of our services.
 
Government regulation of the Internet is evolving, and unfavorable changes could substantially harm our business and operating results.
 
We are subject to general business regulations and laws as well as regulations and laws specifically governing the Internet. Existing and future laws and regulations may impede the growth in use of the Internet and online services. The application of existing laws to the Internet and online services governing issues such as property ownership, sales and other taxes, libel and personal privacy has not yet been settled. Unfavorable resolution of these issues may substantially harm our business and operating results. Other laws and regulations that have been adopted, or may be adopted in the future, that may affect our business include those covering user privacy, data protection, spyware, “do not email” lists, access to high speed and broadband service, pricing, taxation, tariffs, patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets, export of encryption technology, electronic contracting, click-fraud, acceptable content, search terms, lead generation, behavioral targeting, consumer protection, and quality of products and services. Any changes in regulations or laws that hinder growth of the Internet generally or that decrease the acceptance of the Internet as a communications, commercial and advertising medium could adversely affect our business. See also Part 1, Item 1A, “Risk Factors— If the technology that we currently use to target the delivery of online advertisements is restricted or becomes subject to regulation, our expenses could increase and we could lose clients.”
 
 
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Risks Related to Owning Our Common Stock
 
Our stock price may be volatile, and the value of an investment in our common stock may decline.
 
Shares of our common stock were sold in our initial public offering in May 19, 2010 at a price of $13.00 per share, and our common stock has subsequently traded as high as $28.39 and as low as $6.08 through March 2, 2012. An active, liquid and orderly market for our common stock may not be sustained, which could depress the trading price of our common stock. The trading price of our common stock may be subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors, some of which are beyond our control, including:
 
 
our operating performance and the operating performance of similar companies;
 
 
the overall performance of the equity markets;
 
 
the number of shares of our common stock publicly owned and available for trading;
 
 
changes in the amounts and frequency of share repurchases;
 
 
threatened or actual litigation;
 
 
changes in laws or regulations relating to our solutions;
 
 
any major change in our board of directors or management;
 
 
publication of research reports about us or our industry or changes in recommendations or withdrawal of research coverage by securities analysts;
 
 
large volumes of sales of our shares of common stock by existing stockholders; and
 
 
general political and economic conditions.
 
In addition, the stock market in general, and the market for Internet-related companies in particular, has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. Securities class action litigation has often been instituted against companies following periods of volatility in the overall market and in the market price of a company’s securities. This litigation, if instituted against us, could result in very substantial costs, divert our management’s attention and resources and harm our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, the recent distress in the financial markets has also resulted in extreme volatility in security prices.
 
Future sales of shares of our common stock by stockholders could depress the price of our common stock.
 
As of December 31, 2011, approximately 65% of our common stock is held by our directors, officers and entities affiliated with our directors. This percentage may increase as the Company is purchasing up to $20 million (including repurchases in 2011) of its common stock under a share repurchase program (see Part II, Item 5, “Common Stock Repurchases”). Such shares have not been subject to lock-up agreements since November 2010. A number of members of our management team have adopted 10(b)5-1 trading plans covering approximately 0.7 million shares of common stock. In addition, insiders may seek to sell shares without the adoption of trading plans. If there are substantial sales of our common stock in the public market, the trading price of our common stock could decline significantly. In addition, as of December 31, 2011 approximately 6.5 million shares subject to outstanding options under our 2004 Stock Plan and our Amended and Restated 2008 Stock Incentive Plan, are eligible for sale in the public market in the future, subject to certain legal and contractual limitations. If these additional shares are sold, or if it is perceived that they will be sold, in the public market, the price of our common stock could decline substantially.
 
 
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If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price and trading volume could decline.
 
The trading market for our common stock depends in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. if one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our stock or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our stock could decrease, which might cause our stock price and trading volume to decline.
 
Our management continues to have broad discretion over the use of the proceeds we received in our initial public offering and might not apply the proceeds in ways that increase the value of your investment.
 
Our management generally has broad discretion to use the net proceeds to us from our initial public offering, and our stockholders will be relying on the judgment of our management regarding the application of these proceeds. We have used and will continue to use the net proceeds for the acquisition of businesses, solutions and technologies that we believe are complementary to our own. If we do not invest or apply the net proceeds from the offering in ways that enhance stockholder value, we may fail to achieve expected financial results, which could cause our stock price to decline.
 
Investment funds managed by VantagePoint Capital Partners own a substantial amount of our stock and have significant influence over our business. In the aggregate, insiders own a majority of our outstanding stock.
 
As of December 31, 2011, VantagePoint Capital Partners, one of our early venture capital investors, beneficially owned approximately 44% of our outstanding common stock (subject to increase from the aforementioned stock buy-back program). As a result, VantagePoint has significant influence over the outcome of matters submitted to our stockholders for approval, including the election of directors. VantagePoint’s significant ownership also could affect the market price of our common stock by, for example, delaying, deferring or preventing a change in corporate control, impeding a merger, consolidation, takeover or other business combination involving us, or discouraging a potential acquiror from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us. Alan Salzman, the Chief Executive Officer of Vantage Point, serves as Chairman of our board of directors.
 
As of December 31, 2011, our current directors and executive officers as a group beneficially own approximately 65% of our outstanding common stock.

Certain provisions in our charter documents and Delaware law could discourage takeover attempts and lead to management entrenchment.
 
Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions that could have the effect of delaying or preventing changes in control or changes in our management without the consent of our board of directors, including, among other things:
 
 
a classified board of directors with three-year staggered terms, which may delay the ability of stockholders to change the membership of a majority of our board of directors;
 
 
no cumulative voting in the election of directors, which limits the ability of minority stockholders to elect director candidates;
 
 
the ability of our board of directors to determine to issue shares of preferred stock and to determine the price and other terms of those shares, including preferences and voting rights, without stockholder approval, which could be used to significantly dilute the ownership of a hostile acquirer;
 
 
the exclusive right of our board of directors to elect a director to fill a vacancy created by the expansion of our board of directors or the resignation, death or removal of a director, which prevents stockholders from being able to fill vacancies on our board of directors;
 
 
a prohibition on stockholder action by written consent, which forces stockholder action to be taken at an annual or special meeting of our stockholders;
 
 
the requirement that a special meeting of stockholders may be called only by the chairman of our board of directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the president (in absence of a Chief Executive Officer) or our board of directors, which may delay the ability of our stockholders to force consideration of a proposal or to take action, including the removal of directors;
 
 
the requirement for the affirmative vote of holders of at least 66 2/3% of the voting power of all of the then outstanding shares of the voting stock, voting together as a single class, to amend the provisions of our certificate of incorporation relating to the issuance of preferred stock and management of our business or our bylaws, which may inhibit the ability of an acquiror from amending our certificate of incorporation or bylaws to facilitate a hostile acquisition;
 
 
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the ability of our board of directors, by majority vote, to amend the bylaws, which may allow our board of directors to take additional actions to prevent a hostile acquisition and inhibit the ability of an acquiror from amending the bylaws to facilitate a hostile acquisition; and
 
 
advance notice procedures that stockholders must comply with in order to nominate candidates to our board of directors or to propose matters to be acted upon at a stockholders’ meeting, which may discourage or deter a potential acquiror from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquiror’s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us.
 
We are also subject to certain anti-takeover provisions under Delaware law. Under Delaware law, a corporation may not, in general, engage in a business combination with any holder of 15% or more of its capital stock unless the holder has held the stock for three years or, among other things, our board of directors has approved the transaction.
 
 
None.
 
 
We do not own any real estate. We lease 38,592 square-feet for our corporate office in Woodland Hills, California, and 66,785 square-feet for our corporate and sales offices in Plano, Texas. We also have over 50 leases for sales offices, support facilities and data centers in other locations in North America and overseas.
 
 
From time to time we are involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business. We believe that there is no litigation pending that is likely to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

On March 1, 2010, a class action lawsuit was filed by two of our former employees in California Superior Court in Los Angeles, California. The complaint alleged wage and hour violations in a Fair Labor Standards Act collective action and a California class action. On December 9, 2011, the Court granted final approval of a settlement of the class action for $0.8 million, which together with legal costs resulted in a charge of $0.8 million recorded in fiscal 2010.
 
 
Not applicable.
 
 
PAGE 23

 
 
PART II
 
 
Our common stock has been traded on The Nasdaq Global Select Market since May 20, 2010 under the symbol “RLOC.” The following table sets forth the high and low sales price for our common stock as reported by The Nasdaq Global Select Market for the period indicated.
 
    2010     2011  
    High     Low     High     Low  
First quarter
  $     $     $ 28.39     $ 16.54  
Second quarter
  $ 16.99     $ 11.80     $ 26.00     $ 15.57  
Third quarter
  $ 15.25     $ 12.25     $ 21.73     $ 10.49  
Fourth quarter
  $ 21.14     $ 13.43     $ 11.10     $ 6.08  
 
As of March 9, 2012, we had approximately 45 stockholders of record of our common stock. We have never declared or paid, and do not anticipate declaring or paying, any cash dividends on our common stock. Any future determination as to the declaration and payment of dividends, if any, will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on then existing conditions, including our financial condition, operating results, contractual restrictions, capital requirements, business prospects and other factors our board of directors may deem relevant.
 
Stock Price Performance Graph
 
This performance graph shall not be deemed “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the Securities and Exchange Commission for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or otherwise subject to the liabilities under that Section, and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing of ReachLocal, Inc. under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.
 
 
PAGE 24

 
 
The following graph compares, for the period from May 20, 2010 through December 31, 2011, the total cumulative stockholder return on our common stock with the total cumulative return of the NASDAQ Composite Index and the RDG Internet Composite Index. The graph assumes a $100 investment at the beginning of the period in our common stock, the stocks represented in the NASDAQ Composite Index and the stocks represented in the RDG Internet Composite Index, and reinvestment of any dividends. Historical stock price performance should not be relied upon as an indication of future stock price performance:
 
   
5/20/10
    5/10     6/10     9/10     12/10     3/11     6/11     9/11     12/11  
                                                                       
ReachLocal Inc.
    100.00       98.00       86.58       91.99       132.91       133.51       139.05       72.56       41.26  
NASDAQ Composite
    100.00       91.71       86.24       97.07       108.71       114.21       114.05       99.25       107.46  
RDG Internet Composite
    100.00       93.18       86.98       103.36       113.65       119.27       114.95       109.33       117.15  
 
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
 
On February 22, 2010, we agreed to issue up to 364,632 shares of common stock as partial deferred consideration for the acquisition of SMB:LIVE Corporation, and on February 22, 2011, August 22, 2011, and February 22, 2012, we issued 90,062, 93,346 and 181,224 of such shares of our common stock, respectively.
 
On February 8, 2011, we agreed to issue up to 21,297 shares of common stock as partial deferred consideration for the acquisition of DealOn, LLC, and on February 8, 2012 we issued 10,649 of such shares of our common stock.
 
Use of Proceeds from Registered Securities
 
On May 19, 2010, our registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-163905) was declared effective for our initial public offering, pursuant to which we registered the offering and sale of 3,941,103 shares of common stock, including shares from the exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase 625,000 shares, and the associated sale of 850,564 shares of common stock by selling stockholders at a public offering price of $13.00 per share. J.P. Morgan and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated were the joint book running managers and representatives of the underwriters.
 
As a result of the offering, we received net proceeds of approximately $42.0 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of approximately $3.6 million and offering expenses payable by us of approximately $5.6 million. No offering expenses were paid directly or indirectly to any of our directors or officers or their associates or to persons owning ten percent or more of our common stock or to any other affiliates. The net offering proceeds have been invested into cash and money market accounts.
 
 
PAGE 25

 
 
There has been no material change in the planned use of proceeds from our initial public offering as described in our final prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b).
 
Common Stock Repurchases

On November 4, 2011, we announced that our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $20.0 million of our outstanding common stock. At December 31, 2011, we had executed repurchases of $6.7 million of our common stock under the program. From January 1, 2012 to March 9, 2012, we executed repurchases of an additional $2.6 million of our common stock under the program. Purchases may be made from time-to-time in open market or privately negotiated transactions as determined by our management. The amount and timing of the share repurchase will depend on business and market conditions, stock price, trading restrictions, acquisition activity, and other factors. The share repurchase program does not obligate us to acquire any particular amount of common stock, and the repurchase program may be suspended or discontinued at any time at our discretion.

Common stock repurchases during the quarter ended December 31, 2011 were as follows:
 
 
Period
  Total Number of Shares Purchased     Average Price Paid Per Share     Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of a Publicly Announced Program     Maximum Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under a Publicly Announced Program  
October 2011
    --       --       --       --  
November 2011
    304,584     $ 8.77       304,584     $ 17,328,147  
December 2011
    564,781     $ 7.07       564,781     $ 13,337,355  
 
 
The data set forth below are qualified in their entirety by reference to, and should be read in conjunction with Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the consolidated financial statements, related notes and other financial information included elsewhere in this report. The consolidated statements of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 and the consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2011 and 2010 are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report. The consolidated statements of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 and the consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements not included in this report. In addition, as a result of the winding down of the operations of Bizzy, the local recommendation engine we developed, we have reclassified and presented all Bizzy related historical financial information as “discontinued operations” in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets, Consolidated Statements of Operations and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected in the future.
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
   
2008
   
2007
 
(in thousands, except per share data)
                   
Consolidated Statements of Operations:                              
Revenue
  $ 375,241     $ 291,689     $ 203,117     $ 146,687     $ 68,356  
Cost of revenue (1)
    190,559       159,018       112,218       77,496       39,262  
Operating expenses:
                                       
Selling and marketing (1)
    139,929       108,529       76,089       61,054       24,435  
Product and technology (1)
    15,602       9,957       4,657       2,938       1,911  
General and administrative (1)
    33,313       23,629       15,529       12,128       5,804  
Total operating expenses
    188,844       142,115       96,275       76,120       32,150  
Loss from operations
    (4,162 )     (9,444 )     (5,376 )     (6,929 )     (3,056 )
Gain on acquisition of ReachLocal Australia
                16,223              
Equity in losses of ReachLocal Australia
                      (813 )     (250 )
Other income (expense), net
    928       601       (7 )     889       669  
 
 
PAGE 26

 
 
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2011     2010     2009     2008     2007  
Income (loss) before provision (benefit) for income taxes
    (3,234 )     (8,843 )     10,840       (6,853 )     (2,637 )
Provision (benefit) for income taxes
    735       (540 )     217       145       11  
Income (loss) from continuing operations, net of income taxes
    (3,969 )     (8,303 )     10,623       (6,998 )     (2,648 )
Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes
    (6,215 )     (2,844 )     (601 )            
Net income (loss)
    (10,184 )     (11,147 )     10,022       (6,998 )     (2,648 )
Undistributed income attributable to preferred stockholders…….
                8,638              
Net income (loss) available to common stockholders…………
  $ (10,184 )   $ (11,147 )   $ 1,384     $ (6,998 )   $ (2,648 )
                                         
Pro forma net income (loss) per share (unaudited)(2):
                                       
Net income (loss) per share from continuing operations, basic
  $ (0.14 )   $ (0.32 )   $ 0.46     $ (0.31 )        
Net loss per share from discontinued operations, basic
    (0.21 )     (0.11 )     (0.03 )              
Net income(loss) per share, basic
  $ (0.35 )   $ (0.42 )   $ 0.44     $ (0.31 )        
                                         
                                         
Pro forma net income (loss) per share (unaudited)(2):
                                       
Net income (loss) per share from continuing operations, diluted
  $ (0.14 )   $ (0.32 )   $ 0.43     $ (0.31 )        
Net loss per share from discontinued operations, diluted
    (0.21 )     (0.11 )     (0.02 )              
Net income(loss) per share, diluted
  $ (0.35 )   $ (0.42 )   $ 0.41     $ (0.31 )        
                                         
Pro forma weighted average shares outstanding used in calculating net income (loss) per share (unaudited)(2):
                                       
Basic
    28,974       26,286       22,995       22,389          
Diluted
    28,974       26,286       24,613       22,389          
 

(1)
Stock-based compensation, net of capitalization, and depreciation and amortization included in the above line items (in thousands):
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
   
2008
   
2007
 
Stock-based compensation:
                             
Cost of revenue
  $ 200     $ 244     $ 86     $ 34     $ 18  
Selling and marketing
    1,402       1,202       566       338       94  
Product and technology
    1,387       1,104       117       73       16  
General and administrative
    5,392       3,123       2,145       1,366       278  
    $ 8,381     $ 5,673     $ 2,914     $ 1,811     $ 406  

   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
   
2008
   
2007
 
Depreciation and amortization:
                 
Cost of revenue
  $ 645     $ 364     $ 261     $ 186     $ 83  
Selling and marketing
    1,443       1,038       889       596       205  
Product and technology
    6,764       3,822       1,741       916       603  
General and administrative
    1,422       1,078       430       154       49  
    $ 10,274     $ 6,302     $ 3,321     $ 1,852     $ 940  
 
(2)
See Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements for an explanation of the method used to calculate pro forma basic and diluted net income per share of common stock.
 
 
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December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
   
2008
   
2007
 
(in thousands)                              
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
                             
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments
  $ 85,169     $ 88,114     $ 43,416     $ 39,127     $ 31,912  
Working capital
  $ 17,524     $ 27,082     $ (6,606 )   $ 15,256     $ 22,913  
Total assets
  $ 166,437     $ 151,399     $ 97,761     $ 51,124     $ 38,881  
Total liabilities
  $ 84,150     $ 69,383     $ 55,643     $ 28,610     $ 12,590  
Total stockholders’ equity
  $ 82,287     $ 82,016     $ 42,118     $ 22,514     $ 26,291  
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
   
2008
   
2007
 
(in thousands)                              
Other Financial Data:
                             
Net cash provided by operating activities
  $ 18,989     $ 17,675     $ 14,308     $ 12,062     $ 7,421  
Capital Expenditures (unaudited) (3)
  $ 12,441     $ 8,526     $ 4,613     $ 5,152     $ 2,479  
Non-GAAP Financial Measures (unaudited):
                                       
Adjusted EBITDA (4)
  $ 15,915     $ 3,133     $ 1,920     $ (3,266 )   $ (1,710 )
Underclassmen Expense (5)
  $ 44,488     $ 36,073     $ 26,824     $ 27,886     $ 10,044  
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
   
2008
   
2007
 
                               
Other Operational Data:
                             
Number of IMCs:
                             
Upperclassmen
    372       286       235       80       16  
Underclassmen
    424       379       280       337       152  
Total
    796       665       515       417       168  
Active Advertisers (6)
    19,100       16,900       14,700       11,600       7,400  
Active Campaigns (7)
    27,500       22,700       18,600       13,500       8,900  
 

(3)
Represents purchases of property and equipment and the amount of software development costs capitalized, in aggregate, excluding stock-based compensation and the acquisition of ReachLocal Australia in September 2009 (see Note 4 to our consolidated financial statements), and excluding capital expenditures related to the discontinued operations of Bizzy.
(4)
See Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for our definition of Adjusted EBITDA, why we present it and for a reconciliation of our Adjusted EBITDA to loss from operations for each of the periods presented.
(5)
See Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for our definition of Underclassmen Expense.
(6)
Active Advertisers is a number we calculate to approximate the number of clients directly served through our Direct Local channel as well as clients served through our National Brands, Agencies and Resellers channel. We calculate Active Advertisers by adjusting the number of Active Campaigns to combine clients with more than one Active Campaign as a single Active Advertiser. Clients with more than one location are generally reflected as multiple Active Advertisers. Because this number includes clients served through the National Brands, Agencies and Resellers channel, Active Advertisers includes entities with which we do not have a direct client relationship. Numbers are rounded to the nearest hundred.
(7)
Active Campaigns is a number we calculate to approximate the number of individual products or services we are managing under contract for Active Advertisers. For example, if we were performing both ReachSearch and ReachDisplay campaigns for a client, we consider that two Active Campaigns. Similarly, if a client purchased ReachSearch campaigns for two different products or purposes, we consider that two Active Campaigns. Numbers are rounded to the nearest hundred.
 
 
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You should read the following discussion together with Part II, Item 6, “Selected Financial Data” and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements about our business and operations. Our actual results may differ materially from those we currently anticipate as a result of many factors, including those we describe in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Annual Report. See Part I, “Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”
 
Overview
 
Our mission is to help small and medium-sized businesses, or SMBs, acquire, maintain and retain customers via the Internet. We offer a comprehensive suite of online marketing and reporting solutions, including search engine marketing, Web presence and social media marketing, display advertising, remarketing, online marketing analytics and other related products and services, each targeted to the SMB market. We deliver these solutions to SMBs through a combination of our proprietary platform, the RL Platform, and our direct, “feet-on-the-street” sales force of Internet Marketing Consultants, or IMCs, and select third-party agencies and resellers.
 
We use our RL Platform to create advertising campaigns for SMBs to target potential customers in their geographic area, optimize those campaigns in real time and track tangible results. Through a single Internet advertising budget, we enable our clients to reach local customers across the Internet, including through all of the major search engines and leading general interest and vertically focused online publishers. In 2010, we expanded the RL Platform to include ReachCast, our full-service Web presence and social media solution. Empowered by the RL Platform, our IMCs, which are based in or near the cities in which our clients operate, establish a direct consultative relationship with our clients and provide our solutions to achieve their marketing objectives.
 
We generate revenue by providing online advertising solutions for our clients through our portfolio of online marketing and advertising solutions. We sell our search engine marketing product, ReachSearch, our display advertising product, ReachDisplay, and our remarketing product, based on a package pricing model in which our clients commit to a fixed fee that includes the media; the optimization, reporting and tracking technologies of the RL Platform; and the personnel dedicated to support and manage their campaigns. While we do not commit to a specific set of results, we work with our clients to meet their marketing objectives. For our ReachSearch product, we believe clients evaluate performance based on the number and quality of leads (phone, email and other) received. For our ReachDisplay and remarketing products, we believe clients focus on the numbers of customers reached and the accuracy of targeting achieved through the campaign. Each of these products includes access to multiple publishers, some of which are not directly available to SMBs, as well as access to our proprietary optimization and tracking technologies that dynamically adjust the publishers to which we allocate clients’ media spend in order to meet their performance objectives. For these reasons, while we rely on third-party publishers for the substantial majority of the media we purchase on behalf of our clients, we are not simply a reseller of media; rather, we market our products as a complete package of media optimized for the client. We also generate revenue from digital marketing solutions for our clients that do not include the purchase of third-party media, including our campaign performance tracking product, TotalTrack, our assisted chat product, TotalLiveChat and ReachCast. Generally our products are sold to our clients in a single budget to simplify the purchasing process.
 
Nearly all of our cost of revenue is for the purchase of media and nearly all of the media we purchase is from Google, Bing and Yahoo!. A substantial majority of the media we purchase is from Google. We generally purchase this media in an auction marketplace. We believe that our technology enables us to purchase this media efficiently and, as a result, allows us to fulfill our clients’ expected level of performance. However, an increase in the cost of media in these marketplaces without a corresponding increase in our media buying efficiency could result in an increase in our cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue even if our business expands. In addition, such an increase could result in an increase in the prices we must charge our clients or a decrease in our ability to fulfill our clients’ service expectations at the existing package price. While we enter into rebate and incentive programs with some publishers, these incentive programs are subject to change or cancellation with little notice, and, on occasion, these incentives have been cancelled, reduced or have required us to comply with rules that reduce the benefit of the incentives from what we previously received. For further information, see the section titled “Risk Factors—We purchase most of our media from Google, and our business could be adversely affected if Google takes actions that are adverse to our interests.”
 
We first offered our products and services solely through third-party agencies and resellers that, in turn, offered them to their end advertiser clients. In 2007, we began to allocate resources to focus on sales to national or regional businesses with multiple locations, such as franchisors, which we refer to as national brands. Because the sale to agencies, resellers and national brands involves negotiations with businesses that generally represent an aggregated group of SMB advertisers, we group them together as our National Brands, Agencies and Resellers channel. In 2006, we made the strategic decision to invest in creating a direct local sales force and began selling our products and services through our IMCs. We refer to sales through our IMCs as our Direct Local channel. Sales in the Direct Local channel accounted for 78% of our revenue in 2011 and 75% of our revenue in 2010. Our ongoing investment in increasing the number of our IMCs has been the principal engine for our growth, and it is our largest operating expense.
 
 
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In December 2006, we entered our first market outside of North America through a joint venture in Australia. On September 11, 2009, we acquired the remaining interest in our Australian joint venture. In connection with the ReachLocal Australia acquisition, we recognized a non-cash gain of $16.2 million in 2009. We now own all our international operations and currently have sales operations in Australia, Germany, the United Kingdom,Canada, and Netherlands. At December 31, 2011, 197 of our 796 total IMCs were located outside of North America.
 
On February 22, 2010, we acquired SMB:LIVE, which included the team and core technology for our ReachCast solution launched later that year, for consideration of up to approximately $8.5 million in cash and stock.
 
We were formed in 2003 and remained a development-stage company until the end of 2004. Prior to 2007, we financed our operations and capital expenditures through private sales of preferred stock. Since 2007, we have financed our operations, our expansion of our IMC sales force and the extension of our Direct Local channel into new territories through cash provided by operations. Deferred revenue arising from prepayment by the majority of our Direct Local clients and vendor trade financing are major components of our cash flow from operations. Although we expect that cash flow from operations, existing cash balances and proceeds from our 2010 initial public offering will be sufficient to continue funding our expansion activities, these investments, including investments in developing new products and services for our clients and potential additional acquisitions, could require us to seek additional equity or debt financing, and that financing may not be available on terms favorable to us or at all. In addition, expansion in the number of IMCs and rapid expansion of new products and services for our clients could require significant capital and entail non-capitalized expenses that could diminish our income from operations.
 
Business Model and Operating Metrics
 
Our Direct Local channel has grown more rapidly than our other channels. As a percentage of total revenue, Direct Local revenue increased to 78% in 2011 from 75% in 2010. Growth in Direct Local revenue is primarily driven by increases in the quality, tenure and productivity of IMCs employed by the Company.
 
Typically, each month we hire 40-60 IMCs worldwide, with the hiring weighted towards the first ten months of the year. We refer to IMCs with 12 months or less of experience as Underclassmen. With each new class of Underclassmen, we track how they are performing relative to a standard level of revenue growth and other performance metrics for each month after their training. Understanding the performance of past and current Underclassmen allows us to adjust our investment in additional Underclassmen in the event we detect significant changes in their productivity.
 
We believe the key factors that affect the productivity of our IMCs are:
 
 
IMC Tenure. As IMCs mature, they, on average, grow their advertiser base or sell additional products to existing advertisers, resulting in greater revenue productivity. In particular, Upperclassmen, those IMCs with more than 12 months of employment, are more productive than Underclassmen. As more and more IMCs mature and become Upperclassmen, as Upperclassmen become a higher percent of total IMCs, and as existing Upperclassmen mature, we expect overall IMC productivity to increase.
 
 
Macroeconomic and Business Conditions. Macroeconomic conditions directly impact the amount of money SMBs allocate to market their business. Commencing in mid-2008, IMC productivity was significantly impacted by the economic recession as some of our SMB clients were forced to close or temporarily suspend their operations, while others curtailed their marketing expenditures in light of a contraction in consumer spending. At the end of 2009 and throughout 2011, our IMC productivity remained higher than those levels experienced at the end of 2008. However, we believe the economic conditions remain challenging, particularly in North America. This has impacted new advertiser acquisition more than sales to existing advertisers. In addition, our IMCs’ productivity is affected by the amount of competition and online advertising consumption by SMBs. For example, our international IMCs have on average been more productive, which we attribute to lower levels of competition and online advertising consumption by SMBs in those markets.
 
 
Number of Products. We believe that expanding our comprehensive suite of online marketing and reporting products and services will allow us to generate more revenue from each SMB relationship. Prior to 2009, we primarily offered a single product, ReachSearch. Since then, we launched our ReachDisplay and remarketing products in 2009, our TotalLiveChat and ReachCast products in 2010, and our search retargeting and international ReachCast products in 2011.
 
 
IMC Capacity. We continually endeavor to enhance the productivity of our IMCs. Our business model therefore contemplates additional investments in technology and support personnel to assist our IMCs in managing and maintaining existing clients in order to increase their capacity to acquire new clients. For example, we have invested in expanding our existing customer support team to include campaign performance personnel, who have assumed many of the day-to-day campaign management obligations of our IMCs, and are providing account managers to help our more successful Upperclassmen continue to focus on new client acquisition.
 
 
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Client Tenure. One of the most time-consuming activities for our IMCs is the process of prospecting, arranging a time to visit and obtaining the first order for our products and services from a new client. A key factor in IMC productivity is therefore the success of our efforts to continue to sell our products and services to existing clients, which requires significantly less of an IMC’s time. We believe that a measure of the success of these efforts is the percentage of our revenue generated by sales to clients with different tenures. For this purpose, on an annual basis, we divide our clients into three groups to measure their revenue contribution:
 
 
Trial Period Clients. We characterize a client’s initial four months as the “trial period” because that is generally the minimum term for a new client’s first agreement, and we believe that four months is the shortest period in which performance of an advertising campaign can be fully assessed.
 
 
First-Year Post-Trial Clients. We characterize a client that continues to advertise through us after its four-month trial period and for up to one year after its trial period as a First-Year Post-Trial Client.
 
 
Long-Term Clients. We characterize clients that continue to advertise through us for more than one year after their trial period as Long-Term Clients.
 
The chart below presents the percentage of total revenues represented by our trial period, first-year post-trial, and long-term clients for the years ended December 31, 2009 to 2011.
 
 
We regularly review a number of other financial and operating metrics to evaluate our business, determine the allocation of resources and make decisions regarding business strategies. The following table shows certain key operating metrics for the three years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009.
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
 
Number of IMCs (at period end):
                 
Upperclassmen
    372       286       235  
Underclassmen
    424       379       280  
Total
    796       665       515  
                         
Underclassmen Expense (in thousands) (1)
  $ 44,488     $ 36,073     $ 26,824  
                         
Active Advertisers (at period end) (2)
    19,100       16,900       14,700  
                         
Active Campaigns (at period end) (3)
    27,500       22,700       18,600  
 
(1)
See Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for our definition of Underclassmen Expense.
(2)
See Part II, Item 6, “Selected Financial Data” for our definition of Active Advertisers.
(3)
See Part II, Item 6, “Selected Financial Data” for our definition of Active Campaigns.
 
 
PAGE 31

 
 
Number of IMCs
 
Our ongoing investment in increasing the number of our IMCs has been the principal engine for our growth. Typically, each month we hire 40-60 IMCs worldwide, with the hiring weighted towards the first ten months of the year. We refer to IMCs with 12 months or less of experience as Underclassmen. In particular, our revenue growth is driven by the increase in the number of our Upperclassmen, who are significantly more productive than our Underclassmen. As such, we believe that our ability to grow our business is highly dependent on our ability to grow the number of our Upperclassmen. Beyond our hiring practices, which determine the number of IMCs to be hired as well as the rate at which we hire them, the increase in the number of Upperclassmen depends primarily on the productivity of Underclassmen, as the majority of Underclassmen attrition has been involuntary and is based on performance relative to a standard level of revenue growth and other performance metrics determined by us. We do not expect all Underclassmen to become Upperclassmen, and our investment decisions anticipate the cost of attrition. Our revenue growth is also driven by the increase in the number of our international IMCs as our international IMCs are on average more productive than our IMCs in North America, which we attribute to lower levels of competition and online advertising consumption by SMBs in those markets. The increase in the number of international IMCs was a result of our international expansion.
 
Underclassmen Expense
 
Underclassmen do not in the aggregate make a positive contribution to operating income. Our largest operating expenses include the hiring, training and retention of Underclassmen in support of our goal of developing more Upperclassmen.
 
Underclassmen Expense is a number we calculate to approximate our investment in Underclassmen and is comprised of the selling and marketing expenses we allocate to Underclassmen during a reporting period. The amount includes the direct salaries and allocated benefits of the Underclassmen (excluding commissions), training and sales organization expenses, including depreciation, allocated based on relative headcount and marketing expenses allocated based on relative revenue. While we believe that Underclassmen Expense provides useful information regarding our approximate investment in Underclassmen, the methodology we use to arrive at our estimated Underclassmen Expense was developed internally by management, is not a concept or method recognized by GAAP and other companies may use different methodologies to calculate or approximate measures similar to Underclassmen Expense. Accordingly, our calculation of Underclassmen Expense may not be comparable to similar measures used by other companies.
 
We determine the amount to invest in Underclassmen Expense based on our objectives for development of the business and the key factors affecting IMC productivity described above. The increase in Underclassmen Expense in 2011 as compared to the preceding year was primarily attributable to our international expansion.
 
Active Advertisers and Active Campaigns
 
We track the number of Active Advertisers and Active Campaigns to evaluate the growth, scale and diversification of our business. We also use these metrics to determine the needs and capacity of our sales forces, our support organization and other personnel and resources. Active Advertisers and Active Campaigns increased in 2011 due to an increase in the number of IMCs selling our products.
 
Basis of Presentation
 
Sources of Revenue
 
We derive our revenue principally from the provision and sale of online advertising to our clients. Revenue includes the sale of our ReachSearch, ReachDisplay, remarketing and other products based on a package pricing model in which our clients commit to a fixed fee that includes the media, the optimization, reporting and tracking technologies of the RL Platform, and the personnel dedicated to support and manage their campaigns; the sale of our ReachCast, TotalTrack, TotalLiveChat, and other products and services; and set-up, management and service fees associated with these products and other services. We distribute our products and services directly through our sales force of IMCs, who are focused on serving SMBs in their local markets through an in-person, consultative process, which we refer to as our Direct Local channel, as well as a separate sales force targeting our National Brands, Agencies and Resellers channel. The sales cycle for sales to SMBs ranges from one day to over a month. Sales to our National Brands, Agencies and Resellers clients generally require several months.
 
We typically enter into multi-month agreements for the delivery of our ReachSearch, ReachDisplay and ReachCast products. Under our agreements, our SMB clients typically pay, in advance, a fixed fee on a monthly basis, which includes all charges for the included technology and media services, management, third-party content and other costs and fees. We record these prepayments as deferred revenue and only record revenue for income statement purposes as we purchase media and perform other services on behalf of clients. Generally, when at least 85% of requisite purchases and other services have occurred and an additional campaign cycle remains under the agreement, we make an additional billing or automatic collection for the next campaign cycle.
 
Our National Brands, Agencies and Resellers clients enter into agreements of various lengths or that are indefinite. Our National Brands, Agencies and Resellers clients either pay in a manner similar to Direct Local clients or are extended credit privileges with payment generally due in 30 to 60 days. There were $3.3 million of accounts receivables related to our National Brands, Agencies and Resellers at December 31, 2011.
 
 
PAGE 32

 
 
Cost of Revenue
 
Cost of revenue consists primarily of the costs of online media acquired from third-party publishers. Media cost is classified as cost of revenue in the corresponding period in which revenue is recognized. From time to time, publishers offer the Company rebates based upon various factors and operating rules, including the amount of media purchased. We record these rebates in the period in which they are earned as a reduction to cost of revenue and the corresponding payable to the applicable publisher, or as an other receivable, as appropriate. Cost of revenue also includes third-party telephone and information services costs, data center and third-party hosting costs, credit card processing fees, third-party content and other direct costs.
 
In addition, cost of revenue includes costs to initiate, operate and manage clients’ campaigns, other than costs associated with the Company’s sales force, which are reflected as selling and marketing expenses. Cost of revenue includes salaries, benefits, bonuses and stock-based compensation for the related staff, including the cost of Web Presence Professionals who are the principal service providers for the Company’s ReachCast product, and allocated overhead such as depreciation expense, rent and utilities, as well as an allocable portion of our technical operations costs.
 
Operating Expenses
 
Selling and Marketing. Selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel and related expenses for our selling and marketing staff, including salaries and wages, commissions, benefits, bonuses and stock-based compensation; travel and business costs; training, recruitment, marketing and promotional events; advertising; other brand building and product marketing expenses; and occupancy, technology and other direct overhead costs. A portion of the compensation for IMCs, sales management and other employees in the sales organization is based on commissions. In addition, the cost of agency commissions is included in selling and marketing expenses.
 
Product and Technology. Product and technology expenses consist primarily of personnel and related expenses for our product development and technology staff, including salaries, benefits, bonuses and stock-based compensation, and the cost of certain third-party service providers and other expenses, including occupancy, technology and other direct overhead costs. Technology operations costs, including related personnel and third-party costs, are included in product and technology expenses. We capitalize a portion of costs for software development and, accordingly, include amortization of those costs as product and technology expenses as the RL Platform addresses all aspects of our activities, including supporting the IMC selling and consultation process, online publisher integration, efficiencies and optimization, providing insight to our clients into the results and effects of their online advertising campaigns and supporting all of the financial and other back-office functions of our business.
 
Product and technology expenses also include the amortization of the technology obtained in acquisitions and expenses of the deferred payment obligations related to product and technology personnel.
 
General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel and related expenses for executive, legal, finance, human resources and corporate communications, including wages, benefits, bonuses and stock-based compensation, professional fees, insurance premiums and other expenses, including occupancy, technology and other direct overhead, public company costs and other corporate expenses.
 
Discontinued Operations. As a result of the winding down of the operations of Bizzy, we have reclassified and presented all related historical financial information as “discontinued operations” in the Consolidated Balances Sheets, Consolidated Statements of Operations and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. In addition, all Bizzy related activities have been excluded from the following discussions, unless specifically referenced.
 
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
 
The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses. We continually evaluate our estimates, judgments and assumptions based on available information and experience. Because the use of estimates is inherent in the financial reporting process, actual results could differ from those estimates.
 
Revenue Recognition
 
We recognize revenue for our services when all of the following criteria are satisfied:
 
 
persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists;
 
 
services have been performed;
 
 
PAGE 33

 
 
 
the selling price is fixed or determinable; and
 
 
collectability is reasonably assured.
 
Generally, we recognize revenue as the cost for the third-party media is incurred, which is upon delivery of the advertising on behalf of our clients. We recognize revenue for our ReachSearch product as clicks are recorded on sponsored links on the various search engines and for our ReachDisplay product when the display advertisements record impressions or as otherwise provided in our agreement with the applicable publisher. The Company recognizes revenue for its ReachCast product on a straight line basis over the applicable service period for each campaign. We recognize revenue when we charge set-up, management or other fees on a straight line basis over the term of the related campaign contract or the completion of any obligation for services, if shorter. When we receive advance payments from our clients, we record these amounts as deferred revenue until the revenue is recognized. When we extend credit, we record a receivable when the revenue is recognized.
 
Our Direct Local clients, which represented 78% of revenue for 2011, generally prepay for services either by credit card, electronic debit, or check prior to the commencement of each approximately 30-day cycle of a campaign.
 
When we sell through agencies, we either receive payment in advance of services or in some cases we extend credit. We pay each agency an agreed-upon commission based on the revenue we earn or cash we receive. Some agency clients who have been extended credit may offset the amount otherwise due to us by any commissions they have earned. We evaluate whether it is appropriate to record the gross amount of campaign revenue or the net amount earned after commissions. As we are the primary party obligated in the arrangement, subject to the credit risk and with discretion over both price and media, we recognize the gross amount of such sales as revenue and any commissions are recognized as a selling and marketing expense.
 
We also have a small number of resellers that integrate our product offerings and services, including ReachSearch, ReachDisplay, remarketing and TotalTrack, into their product offerings. In each case, the resellers integrate with our RL Platform through a custom API. Resellers are responsible for the price and specifications of the integrated product offered to their clients. Resellers pay us in arrears, net of commissions and other adjustments. We recognize revenue generated under reseller agreements net of the agreed-upon commissions and other adjustments earned or retained by the reseller, as we believe that the reseller has retained sufficient control and bears sufficient risks to be considered the primary obligor in those arrangements.
 
When we offer future incentives to our clients in exchange for minimum commitments, we estimate the amount of the future incentives that will be earned by our clients and defer a portion of the otherwise recognizable revenue. Our estimate is based upon a statistical analysis of previous campaigns for which such incentives were offered. Should a client not meet its minimum commitment and therefore no longer qualify for the incentive, we recognize the revenue previously deferred related to the estimated incentive. Our estimates are based upon historical actual results and unexpected changes in client purchasing patterns could render our estimates inaccurate.
 
Stock-based Compensation
 
We account for stock-based compensation based on fair value. We follow the attribution method that requires companies to reduce current stock-based compensation expenses by the effect of anticipated forfeitures. We estimate forfeitures based upon our historical experience, which has resulted in a small expected forfeiture rate.
 
The fair value of each award is estimated on the date of the grant and amortized over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period.
 
We use the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock-based payment awards on the date of grant. Determining the fair value of stock-based awards at the grant date under this model requires judgment, including estimating our value per share of common stock, volatility, expected term and risk-free interest rate. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of stock-based awards represent our best estimates based on management judgment and subjective future expectations. These estimates involve inherent uncertainties. If any of the assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model significantly changes, stock-based compensation for future awards may differ materially from the awards granted previously.
 
Prior to our initial public offering in May 2010, the fair values of the common stock underlying stock options granted were estimated by our board of directors, which intended all options granted to be exercisable at a price per share not less than the per share fair market value of our common stock underlying those options on the date of grant. In the absence of a public trading market, our board of directors considered numerous objective and subjective factors to determine its best estimate of the fair market value of our common stock as of the date of each option grant, including but not limited to, the following factors:
 
 
transactions in our common stock;
 
 
third-party valuations of our common stock;
 
 
the rights, preferences and privileges of our preferred stock relative to the common stock;
 
 
PAGE 34

 
 
 
our performance and stage of development; and
 
 
the likelihood of achieving a liquidity event for the shares of common stock underlying these stock options, such as an initial public offering or sale of our company, given prevailing market conditions.
 
After our initial public offering, the fair values of our common stock underlying stock options granted have been based on the market price of our common stock.
 
We granted stock options with the following exercise prices during 2011:
 
Grant Dates
 
Number of Shares
Underlying
Options
   
Exercise Price
Per Share
   
Estimated Fair
Value Per
Underlying
Share as of
Grant Date
   
Intrinsic Value
Per Share at Date
of Grant
 
February 2011
    244,650     $ 20.98     $ 20.98     $  
February 2011
    700,000     $ 22.46     $ 20.98     $  
April 2011
    236,100     $ 25.51     $ 25.51     $  
June 2011
    56,045     $ 17.32     $ 17.32     $  
August 2011
    229,650     $ 16.70     $ 16.70     $  
November 2011
    246,800     $ 7.56     $ 7.56     $  
 
We estimate the fair value of each option award on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. We determined weighted average valuation assumptions as follows:
 
 
Volatility. As we have a limited trading history for our common stock, the expected stock price volatility for our common stock was estimated by taking the median historic price volatility for industry peers based on daily price observations over a period equivalent to the expected term of the stock option grants. Industry peers consist of several public companies in the technology industry similar in size, stage of life cycle and financial leverage. We did not rely on implied volatilities of traded options in our industry peers’ common stock because the volume of activity was relatively low.
 
 
Expected term. The expected term was estimated using the simplified method allowed under SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107, Share-Based Payment. We use this method because we have limited historical data to estimate future terms and we are unable to obtain objective, measurable and comparative historical data of comparable companies.
 
 
Risk free interest rate. The risk free interest rate is based on the yields of U.S. Treasury securities with maturities similar to the expected term of the options for each option group.
 
 
Dividend yield. We have never declared or paid any cash dividends and do not presently plan to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Consequently, we used an expected dividend yield of zero.
 
The following table summarizes the assumptions relating to our stock options granted during 2011:
 
Expected dividend yield
    0 %
Risk free interest rate
    1.88 %
Expected life, in years
    4.75  
Expected volatility
    57 %
 
In addition, we estimate the forfeiture rate using our historical experience with forfeitures. We review the estimated forfeiture rates each period end and make changes as factors affecting the forfeiture rate calculations and assumptions change.
 
Using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, we recorded non-cash stock-based compensation expenses related to employee stock options granted of approximately $7.7 million and $5.1 million during 2011 and 2010, respectively, which includes $1.1 million and $1.2 million of SMB:LIVE deferred stock compensation during 2011 and 2010, respectively. At December 31, 2011, we had unrecorded compensation costs of $18.3 million related to unvested stock options and deferred stock consideration. The unrecognized compensation expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.4 years.
 
During 2011, we also issued 94,000 restricted stock units with a vesting period of 4 years. During 2011 and 2010, we recorded non-cash stock-based compensation expense of approximately $0.7 million and $0.6 million related to restricted stock units, respectively. At December 31, 2011, we had $2.0 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested restricted stock units. Changes in assumptions could impact the amount of restricted stock compensation expense.
 
 
PAGE 35

 
 
Software Development Costs
 
We capitalize our costs to develop internal-use software when management has determined the development efforts will result in new or additional functionality or results in new products. Costs incurred prior to meeting these criteria and costs associated with ongoing maintenance are expensed as incurred. We track our costs by project and by each release and objectively determine which projects resulted in additional functionality or new products for which we can improve our offerings and market presence. Our developers, engineers and quality assurance staff currently record their time spent on various projects on a weekly basis so we may determine the approximate amount of costs that should be capitalized. Our senior management team reviews these estimates to determine the appropriate level of capitalization. We monitor our existing capitalized software and reduce its carrying value as the result of releases that render previous features or functions obsolete or otherwise reduce the value of previously capitalized costs.
 
Costs capitalized as software development costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the software of three years. Amortization of those costs is included in product and technology expenses as the RL Platform addresses all aspects of our activities, including supporting the IMC selling and consultation process, online publisher integration, efficiencies and optimization, providing insight to our clients into the results and effects of their online advertising campaigns and supporting all of the financial and other back office functions of our business.
 
Income Taxes
 
We use the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Significant judgment is required in determining the consolidated provision for income taxes and evaluating our tax positions. In the ordinary course of business, there are many transactions and calculations for which the ultimate tax settlement is uncertain. As a result, we recognize tax liabilities based on estimates of whether additional taxes and interest will be due. These tax liabilities are recognized when, despite our belief that our tax return positions are supportable, we believe that it is more likely than not that those positions may not be fully sustained upon review by tax authorities.
 
For the periods presented, income tax expense represents minimum income taxes imposed by state, foreign and local tax jurisdictions applicable to our activities. We are otherwise generating net operating losses in the various tax jurisdictions in which we operate. We believe that it is likely that taxes imposed by state, local and foreign jurisdictions will increase in magnitude, particularly to the extent we become profitable in certain foreign jurisdictions before the time we obtain profitability on a consolidated basis.
 
Due to a history of losses, we have provided a valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets as more fully described in Note 10 of the consolidated financial statements. The ability to utilize these losses, any future losses and any other tax credits or attributes may be restricted or eliminated by changes in our ownership, including potentially as a result of our public offering, changes in legislation and other rules affecting the ability to offset future taxable income with losses from prior periods. Future determinations on the need for a valuation allowance on our net deferred tax assets will be made on a quarterly basis, and our assessment at December 31, 2011 reflects a continued need for a valuation allowance.

U.S. income and foreign withholding taxes have not been recognized on the excess of the amount for financial reporting over the tax basis of investments in foreign subsidiaries that are essentially permanent in duration. This amount becomes taxable upon a repatriation of assets from the subsidiary or a sale or liquidation of the subsidiary. The amount of such temporary differences totaled $18.7 million as of December 31, 2011, which included $16.2 million of non-cash gain discussed below. Determination of the amount of any unrecognized deferred income tax liability on this temporary difference is not practicable because of the complexities of the hypothetical calculation.

As a result of the acquisition of the portion of ReachLocal Australia that we did not previously own, in 2010 we recognized a non-cash gain of $16.2 million. We did not record an income tax provision on the gain since management intends to hold its investment in ReachLocal Australia indefinitely.

As a result of the acquisition of SMB:LIVE on February 22, 2010, we recorded a one-time discrete deferred tax benefit of $0.7 million from intangible assets recorded on the date of acquisition.
 
We are required to file income tax returns in the United States and various foreign jurisdictions, which requires us to interpret the applicable tax laws and regulations in effect in such jurisdictions. Such returns are, and from time to time, have been subject to audit by the various federal, state and foreign taxing authorities, which may disagree with our tax positions. We believe that our accruals for tax liabilities are adequate for all open audit years based on our assessment of many factors, including past experience and interpretations of tax law. We review and update our estimates in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the closing of a tax audit, the lapse of a statute of limitations or a material change in estimate. To the extent that the final tax outcome of these matters differs from our expectations, such differences will impact income tax expense in the period in which such determination is made.
 
 
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Goodwill
 
Total goodwill of $41.8 million as of December 31, 2011 and $34.1 million as of December 31, 2010 is related to our acquired businesses. We operate in one reportable segment, in accordance with ASC 280, Segment Reporting, and have identified two reporting units—North America and Australia—for purposes of evaluating goodwill. These reporting units each constitute a business or group of businesses for which discrete financial information is available and is regularly reviewed by segment management. North America assigned goodwill is $9.4 million in 2011 and $1.7 million in 2010.  Australia assigned goodwill is $32.4 million for 2011 and 2010.  We review the carrying amounts of goodwill for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstance indicate that the related carrying amount may not be recoverable. We perform our annual assessment of goodwill impairment as of the first day of each fourth quarter.
 
For the year ended December 31, 2011, we adopted the amended guidance for assessing qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, in accordance with ASC 350-20, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other. Entities are provided with the option of first performing a qualitative assessment on any of its reporting units to determine whether further quantitative impairment testing is necessary. An entity may also bypass the qualitative assessment for any reporting unit in any period and proceed directly to the quantitative impairment test.If an entity determines that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then performing a two-step impairment test is necessary. The first step of the impairment test involves comparing the estimated fair values of each of our reporting units with their respective carrying amounts, including goodwill. If the estimated fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, including goodwill, goodwill is considered not to be impaired and no additional steps are necessary. If, however, the estimated fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill, then the second step is performed to compare the carrying amount of the goodwill with its implied fair value. If the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of that goodwill, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the excess. We estimate fair value utilizing the projected discounted cash flow method and discount rate determined by management to commensurate the risk inherent in our business model.
 
 We performed our annual assessment of goodwill impairment as of the first day of the fourth quarter of 2011 and 2010, and determined that it was more likely than not that there was no impairment of goodwill. Accordingly, no impairment of goodwill was recorded as of December 31, 2011 and 2010.
 
Long-Lived Assets and Intangible Assets      
 
We report finite-lived, acquisition-related intangible assets at fair value, net of accumulated amortization. Identifiable intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of three years. Straight-line amortization is used because no other pattern over which the economic benefits will be consumed can be reliably determined.
 
Management reviews the carrying values of long-lived assets, including intangible assets, for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstance indicate that the related carrying amount may not be recoverable. In our analysis of other finite lived amortizable intangible assets, we apply the guidance of ASC 350-20, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other, in determining whether any impairment conditions exist. An impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds the asset’s fair value. Intangible assets are attributable to the various developed technologies and client relationships of the businesses we have acquired.  Long-lived assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of carrying amount or estimated fair value less cost to sell.
 
At December 31, 2011 and 2010, we had $2.0 million and $1.7 million, respectively, of intangible assets resulting from acquisitions. In accounting for the 2009 ReachLocal Australia acquisition, we recorded other intangible assets related to pre-existing client relationships of $2.3 million. At December 31, 2011 and 2010, we had $0.5 million and $1.3 million, respectively, of intangible assets resulting from the ReachLocal Australia acquisition. In accounting for the 2010 acquisition of SMB:LIVE, we recorded other intangible assets related to purchased technology of $2.3 million. At December 31, 2011 and 2010, we had $0.9 million and $1.7 million, respectively, of intangible assets resulting from the SMB: LIVE acquisition.
 
During 2011, we recorded a $0.8 million impairment charge to intangible assets related to customer relationships acquired in the DealOn acquistion. This impairment is recorded in Cost of Revenue and results from a diminution in value attributable to an adjustment in our business strategy for ReachDeals and the elimination of our dedicated deal sales force. Management had determined that there was no impairment of long-lived assets as of December 31, 2010.
 
 
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Results of Operations
 
Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
 
(in thousands, except per share data)
                 
Revenue
  $ 375,241     $ 291,689     $ 203,117  
Cost of revenue (1)
    190,559       159,018       112,218  
Operating expenses:
                       
Selling and marketing (1)
    139,929       108,529       76,089  
Product and technology (1)
    15,602       9,957       4,657  
General and administrative (1)
    33,313       23,629       15,529  
Total operating expenses
    188,844       142,115       96,275  
Loss from operations
    (4,162 )     (9,444 )     (5,376 )
Gain on acquisitions of ReachLocal Australia
                16,223  
Other income (expense), net
    928       601       (7 )
Income (loss) before provision (benefit) for income taxes
    (3,234 )     (8,843 )     10,840  
Provision (benefit) for income taxes
    735       (540 )     217  
Income (loss) from continuing operations, net of income taxes
    (3,969 )     (8,303 )     10,623  
Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes
    (6,215 )     (2,844 )     (601 )
Net income (loss)
    (10,184 )     (11,147 )     10,022  
Undistributed income attributable to preferred stockholders
                8,638  
Net income (loss) available to common stockholders
  $ (10,184 )   $ (11,147 )   $ 1,384  
                         
Net income (loss) available to common stockholders:
                       
Net income (loss) from continuing operations, net of income taxes
  $ (3,969 )   $ (8,303 )   $ 1,985  
Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes
    (6,215 )     (2,844 )     (601 )
Net income (loss)
  $ (10,184 )   $ (11,147 )   $ 1,384  
                         
Net income (loss) per share available to common stockholders, basic:
                       
Net income (loss) per share from continuing operations, basic
  $ (0.14 )   $ (0.42 )   $ 0.32  
Net loss per share from discontinued operations, basic
    (0.21 )     (0.14 )     (0.10 )
Net income (loss) per share, basic
  $ (0.35 )   $ (0.56 )   $ 0.22  
                         
Net income (loss) per share available to common stockholders, diluted:
                       
Net income (loss) per share from continuing operations, diluted
  $ (0.14 )   $ (0.42 )   $ 0.25  
Net loss per share from discontinued operations, diluted
    (0.21 )     (0.14 )     (0.07 )
Net income (loss) per share, diluted
  $ (0.35 )   $ (0.56 )   $ 0.18  
                         
Weighted average common shares used in the computation of net income (loss) per share available to common stockholders:
                       
Basic
    28,974       19,867       6,283  
Diluted
    28,974       19,867       7,901  
                         
The following earnings per share information is presented as if all preferred shares were converted into common stock as of the beginning of the period presented.
                       
Pro-forma net income (loss) per share, as if converted:
                       
Net income (loss) per share from continuing operations, basic
  $ (0.14 )   $ (0.32 )   $ 0.46  
Net loss per share from discontinued operations, basic
    (0.21 )     (0.11 )     (0.03 )
Net income (loss) per share, basic
  $ (0.35 )   $ (0.42 )   $ 0.44  
 
 
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    Year Ended December 31,  
    2011     2010     2009  
                         
Net income (loss) per share from continuing operations, diluted
  $ (0.14 )   $ (0.32 )   $ 0.43  
Net loss per share from discontinued operations, diluted
    (0.21 )     (0.11 )     (0.02 )
Net income (loss) per share, diluted
  $ (0.35 )   $ (0.42 )   $ 0.41  
                         
Pro-forma weighted average common shares used in computation of net income (loss) per share, as if converted:
                       
Basic
    28,974       26,286       22,995  
Diluted
    28,974       26,286       24,613  
 

(1)
Stock-based compensation, net of capitalization, and depreciation and amortization included in the above line-items (in thousands):
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
 
Stock-based compensation:
                 
Cost of revenue
  $ 200     $ 244     $ 86  
Selling and marketing
    1,402       1,202       566  
Product and technology
    1,387       1,104       117  
General and administrative
    5,392       3,123       2,145  
    $ 8,381     $ 5,673     $ 2,914  
                         
                         
Depreciation and amortization:
                       
Cost of revenue
  $ 645     $ 364     $ 261  
Selling and marketing
    1,443       1,038       889  
Product and technology
    6,764       3,822       1,741  
General and administrative
    1,422       1,078       430  
    $ 10,274     $ 6,302     $ 3,321  
 
Revenue
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
             
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
   
2011-2010
% Change
   
2010-2009
% Change
 
(in thousands)
                             
Direct Local
  $ 291,444     $ 217,846     $ 141,492       33.8 %     54.0 %
National Brands, Agencies and Resellers
    83,797       73,843       61,625       13.5 %     19.8  
Total revenue
  $ 375,241     $ 291,689     $ 203,117       28.6 %     43.6 %
                                         
                                         
At period end:
                                       
Number of IMCs:
                                       
Upperclassmen
    372       286       235       30.1 %     21.7 %
Underclassmen
    424       379       280       11.9 %     35.4  
Total
    796       665       515       19.7 %     29.1 %
Active Advertisers (at period end)
    19,100       16,900       14,700       13.0 %     15.0 %
Active Campaigns (at period end)
    27,500       22,700       18,600       21.1 %     22.0 %

The increase in Direct Local revenue of $73.6 million in 2011 compared to 2010 was largely attributable to the increase in productivity of our IMCs as a result of the increases in the number of Upperclassmen, the tenure of our Upperclassmen, and the number of international IMCs as a percentage of our total IMCs as our international IMCs are on average more productive, which we attribute to lower levels of competition and online advertising consumption by SMBs in those markets.
 
 
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The increase in National Brands, Agencies and Resellers revenue of $10.0 million in 2011 compared to 2010 was primarily due to $10.4 million in higher revenue from our domestic and international National Brands clients during 2011, and $1.2 million from our international Agencies and Resellers, which we attribute to greater success in these portions of the channel. This increase was offset in part by a decrease of $1.7 million in revenue from North American Agencies and Resellers during 2011, which was due to a decrease in spending from advertisers who advertised with us in both 2010 and 2011, and a decrease in the number of agencies advertising with us, partially offset by an increase in revenue from new agencies.
 
The increase in Direct Local revenue of $76.4 million in 2010 compared to 2009 reflected an incremental $24.4 million of Direct Local revenue attributable to ReachLocal Australia, which we began to consolidate after our September 2009 acquisition of the portion of ReachLocal Australia that we did not already own. Excluding the impact of the ReachLocal Australia acquisition, the incremental revenue contributed by our Upperclassmen IMCs who were already Upperclassmen at the end of 2009 contributed the largest portion of the revenue growth in 2010. The increased contribution of our new Upperclassmen—that is, IMCs who were Underclassmen at the end of 2009 and subsequently became Upperclassmen in 2010—represented the next largest portion of revenue growth, followed by the revenue contributed by our new Underclassmen hired in 2010.
 
The increase in National Brands, Agencies and Resellers revenue of $12.2 million in 2010 compared to 2009 was primarily due to an $8.5 million increase in revenue from our National Brands clients. The increase in National Brands client revenue was primarily due to the growth in the number of National Brands clients, both domestically and internationally, and to a lesser extent increased revenues from National Brands clients which were already clients in 2009. The growth in Agencies and Resellers revenues resulted from the addition of new Agencies during 2010.
 
Cost of Revenue
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
               
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
   
2011-2010
% Change
   
2010-2009
% Change
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
 
(in thousands)                                             (as a percentage of revenue)  
Cost of revenue
  $ 190,559     $ 159,018     $ 112,218       19.8 %     41.7 %     50.8 %     54.5 %     55.2 %

The decrease in our cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue in 2011 compared to 2010 was primarily due to changes in geographic, product and service mix, including increased international sales and sales of ReachCast and ReachDisplay, improved media buying efficiencies introduced in late 2010 related to our core products, an increase in publisher and vendor rebates, and economies of scale in our operations and service infrastructure.  Publisher rebates as a percentage of revenue increased to 3.2% of revenue in 2011 from 1.9% in 2010, due to more favorable rebate terms, primarily from our reseller agreements with Google.
 
The decrease in our cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue in 2010 compared to 2009 was primarily due to an increase in publisher rebates, the effect of changes in geographic, product and service mix and increased media buying efficiency. These decreases were partially offset by higher costs associated with the expansion of the campaign performance group as part of our strategy to enhance the productivity of our IMCs and improve customer satisfaction and the initial build-out of our Web Presence Professionals group in advance of the launch of our ReachCast product in the fourth quarter of 2010. Publisher rebates as a percentage of revenue increased to 1.9% of revenue in 2010, from 1.2% in 2009, due to an increase in rebates from existing and new publishers in North America, other than Google, and the full year inclusion of publisher rebates, predominantly from Google related to ReachLocal Australia.

Our cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue will be affected in the future by the mix and relative amount of media we purchase to fulfill service requirements, the availability and amount of publisher rebates, the mix of products and services we offer, our media buying efficiency, and the costs of support and delivery.

Operating Expenses
 
We have significantly increased the scale of our operations. We intend to continue to increase our operating scale by increasing our sales force, product offerings and the infrastructure to support them. In managing our business for increased scale, we expect each category of operating expenses to increase. We are not a mature business where operating expense expansion can be tied to current revenue and revenue growth with a goal of meeting a particular immediate operating income target. Rather, we are intentionally incurring expenses to support our long-term growth plans, acknowledging that these investments may put pressure on near term periodic operating results and increase our operating expenses as a percentage of revenue.
 
 
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Selling and Marketing
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
               
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
   
2011-2010
% Change
   
2010-2009
% Change
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
 
(in thousands)                                           (as a percentage of revenue)  
Salaries, benefits and other costs
  $ 98,784     $ 74,195     $ 50,380       33.1 %     47.3 %     26.3 %     25.4 %     24.8 %
Commission expense
    41,145       34,334       25,709       19.8 %     33.6 %     11.0       11.8       12.7  
                                                                 
Total selling and marketing
  $ 139,929     $ 108,529     $ 76,089       28.9 %     42.6 %     37.3 %     37.2 %     37.5 %
                                                                 
Underclassmen Expense included above, excluding commissions
  $ 44,488     $ 36,073     $ 26,824       23.3 %     34.5 %                        

The increase in selling and marketing salaries, benefits and other costs in absolute dollars in 2011 compared to 2010 was primarily due to an increase in our IMC headcount and related recruiting, training and facilities costs.  The increase as a percentage of revenue in 2011 compared to 2010 was due primarily to the entrance into new international markets, partially offset by economies of scale in our established markets.

The increase in commission expense in absolute dollars for 2011 compared to 2010 was due to increased sales. As a percentage of revenue, commission expense decreased due to a higher percentage of revenue from our Direct Local channel, for which we pay lower commission rates. We do not expect continued decreases in commission expense as a percentage of revenue due to an expected higher percentage of Upperclassmen, who generally earn higher commission rates based on increased productivity.

The increase in Underclassmen Expense in 2011 compared to 2010 was primarily due to increased IMC hiring, particularly in international markets. As we continue to invest in additional Underclassmen and retain additional Upperclassmen, selling and marketing expenses will continue to increase in absolute dollars.
 
The increase in absolute dollars of salaries, benefits and other costs in selling and marketing expenses in 2010 compared to 2009 was primarily due to an increase in our IMC headcount and related recruiting, training, and facilities costs.
 
The increase in commission expense in absolute dollars in 2010 compared to 2009 was due to increases in our revenue. As a percentage of revenue, commission expense decreased due to a higher percentage of Direct Local channel revenue, including the additional Direct Local revenue from ReachLocal Australia, for which we pay lower commission rates.
 
The increase in Underclassmen Expense in absolute dollars in 2010 compared to 2009 was primarily due to increased IMC hiring in 2010, as well as the inclusion of Australia’s Underclassmen starting on September 11, 2009.
 
Product and Technology
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
               
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
   
2011-2010
% Change
   
2010-2009
% Change
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
 
(in thousands)
                               
(as a percentage of revenue)
 
Product and technology expenses
  $ 15,602     $ 9,957     $ 4,657       56.7 %     113.8 %     4.2 %     3.4 %     2.3 %
Capitalized software development costs from product and technology resources
    6,776       6,884       3,276       (1.6 )%     110.1 %     1.8       2.4       1.6  
                                                                 
Total product and technology costs expensed and capitalized
  $ 22,378     $ 16,841     $ 7,933       32.9 %     112.3 %     6.0 %     5.8 %     3.9 %
 
 
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The increase in product and technology expenses in both absolute dollars and as a percentage of revenue in 2011 compared to 2010 was primarily attributable to $3.5 million of increased salaries and compensation expense as a result of increased headcount related to the ongoing development of the RL Platform, including ReachCast, and $2.1 million of increased amortization expense related to previously capitalized software development costs.

Capitalized software development costs were essentially flat between 2011 and 2010.
 
The increase in product and technology expenses in both absolute dollars and as a percentage of revenue in 2010 compared to 2009 was primarily attributable to a $2.7 million increase in compensation for additional headcount, which includes $1.7 million of compensation expense related to SMB:LIVE, for which no comparative amounts existed in 2009. The remaining increase was due to a $1.8 million increase in amortization of capitalized software and intangibles; and $0.8 million increase in facilities and software maintenance costs and consulting fees primarily related to the acquisition of SMB:LIVE for which no comparative amounts existed in 2009.
 
The increase in the amount of software development costs capitalized both in absolute dollars and as a percentage of revenue in 2010 compared to 2009 was a result of investment in the development of ReachCast, which commenced in the first quarter of 2010 with the acquisition of SMB:LIVE, and additional product enhancements to the RL Platform.
 
General and Administrative
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
               
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
   
2011-2010
% Change
   
2010-2009
% Change
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
 
(in thousands)
                   
(as a percentage of revenue)
       
General and administrative
  $ 33,313     $ 23,629     $ 15,529       41.0 %     52.2 %     8.9 %     8.1 %     7.6 %

The increase in general and administrative expenses in absolute dollars and as a percentage of revenue in 2011 compared to 2010 was primarily due to  $2.9 million of increased employee costs to support the growth of the business, $2.3 million of increased tax, consulting and legal professional fees, including costs to support our Sarbanes-Oxley compliance efforts and our international expansion initiatives, $2.3 million of increased stock-based compensation expense, and $1.8 million of increased facilities and related costs supporting the growth of the business and the requirements associated with being a public company.
 
The increase in general and administrative expenses in both absolute dollars and percentage of revenue in 2010 compared to 2009 was primarily due to an increase of $3.9 million in expense for additional administrative headcount and professional service fees necessary for our transition to being a public company. In addition, the incremental general and administrative expenses of ReachLocal Australia and SMB:LIVE added $2.5 million of general and administrative expenses. We also accrued $0.8 million of incremental expenses in connection with the settlement of a class action lawsuit.
 
We expect general and administrative expenses to increase in absolute dollars as we continue to add administrative personnel and incur additional professional fees and other expenses resulting from continued growth and the compliance requirements associated with being a public company.
 
Gain on Acquisition of ReachLocal Australia
 
Our purchase of the equity interests in ReachLocal Australia that we did not previously own on September 11, 2009 required that we recognize a gain associated with the proportionate fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed to the carrying value of the shares we already owned. Prior to the acquisition, our interest in ReachLocal Australia had a carrying value of zero as a result of our share of the losses recognized under the equity method of accounting. On the date of the acquisition, our investment was adjusted to fair value, resulting in the one-time non-cash gain of $16.2 million.
 
Other Income (Expense), Net

The increases in other income in both absolute dollars and as a percentage of revenue in 2011 and 2010 as compared to the prior-year periods were attributable to an increase in interest income resulting from higher invested balances.
 
 
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Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes

The income tax provision of $0.7 million for 2011 relates to federal, state, local and foreign income taxes. The income tax benefit of $0.5 million for 2010 was primarily attributable to the acquisition of SMB:LIVE, in which we recorded a one-time discrete deferred tax benefit of $0.7 million, which was partially offset by state, local and foreign income taxes of $0.2 million.
 
Loss from Discontinued Operations

On November 1, 2011, we announced that we would wind down the operations of Bizzy due to insufficient consumer adoption of the Bizzy recommendation engine and determined that Bizzy would be considered a discontinued operation as of the third quarter of 2011. In connection with this decision, we recorded a charge of $4.0 million in 2011 to reflect the impairment of capitalized software development costs, personnel and severance costs, operating losses, facilities and other costs.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures
 
In addition to our GAAP results discussed above, we believe Adjusted EBITDA and Underclassmen Expense are useful to investors in evaluating our operating performance. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 our Adjusted EBITDA and Underclassmen Expense were as follows:
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
 
(in thousands)
                 
Non-GAAP Financial Measures (unaudited):
                 
Adjusted EBITDA (1)
  $ 15,915     $ 3,133     $ 1,920  
Underclassmen Expense (2)
  $ 44,488     $ 36,073     $ 26,824  

(1)
Adjusted EBITDA. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) from continuing operations before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization expenses, excluding, when applicable, stock-based compensation, the effects of accounting for business combinations (including any impairment of acquired intangibles and, in the case of the acquisition of SMB:LIVE, the deferred cash consideration), and amounts included in other non-operating income or expense.
(2)
Underclassmen Expense. We define Underclassmen Expense as our investment in Underclassmen, which is comprised of the selling and marketing expenses we allocate to Underclassmen during a reporting period. The amount includes the direct salaries and allocated benefits of the Underclassmen (excluding commissions), training and sales organization expenses including depreciation allocated based on relative headcount and marketing expenses allocated based on relative revenue. While we believe that Underclassmen Expense provides useful information regarding our approximated investment in Underclassmen, the methodology we use to arrive at our estimated Underclassmen Expense was developed internally by the company, is not a concept or method recognized by GAAP and other companies may use different methodologies to calculate or approximate measures similar to Underclassmen Expense. Accordingly, our calculation of Underclassmen Expense may not be comparable to similar measures used by other companies.

Our management uses Adjusted EBITDA because (i) it is a key basis upon which our management assesses our operating performance; (ii) it may be a factor in the evaluation of the performance of our management in determining compensation; (iii) we use it, in conjunction with GAAP measures such as revenue and income (loss) from operations, for operational decision-making purposes; and (iv) we believe it is one of the primary metrics investors use in evaluating Internet marketing companies.

Our management believes that Adjusted EBITDA permits an assessment of our operating performance, in addition to our performance based on our GAAP results that is useful in assessing the progress of the business. By excluding (i) the effects of accounting for business combinations and associated acquisition and integration costs, which obscure the measurable performance of the business operations; (ii) depreciation and amortization and other non-operating income and expense, each of which may vary from period to period without any correlation to underlying operating performance; and (iii) stock-based compensation, which is a non-cash expense, we believe that we are able to gain a fuller view of the operating performance of the business. We provide information relating to our Adjusted EBITDA so that investors have the same data that we employ in assessing our overall operations. We believe that trends in our Adjusted EBITDA are a valuable indicator of operating performance on a consolidated basis and of our ability to produce operating cash flow to fund working capital needs, capital expenditures and investments in Underclassmen.
 
 
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In addition, our management believes that Adjusted EBITDA and similar measures are widely used by investors, securities analysts, ratings agencies and other interested parties in our industry as a measure of financial performance and debt-service capabilities. Our use of Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider it in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations are:

 
Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect our cash expenditures for capital equipment or other contractual commitments;
 
Although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized may have to be replaced in the future, and Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect capital expenditure requirements for such replacements;
 
Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs;
 
Adjusted EBITDA does not consider the potentially dilutive impact of issuing equity-based compensation to our management team and employees;
 
Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the potentially significant interest expense or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments on indebtedness we may incur in the future;
 
Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect income and expense items that relate to our financing and investing activities, any of which could significantly affect our results of operations or be a significant use of cash;
 
Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect certain tax payments that may represent a reduction in cash available to us; and
 
Other companies, including companies in our industry, calculate Adjusted EBITDA measures differently, which reduces its usefulness as a comparative measure.

            Adjusted EBITDA is not intended to replace operating income (loss), net income (loss) and other measures of financial performance reported in accordance with GAAP. Rather, Adjusted EBITDA is a measure of operating performance that you may consider in addition to those measures. Because of these limitations, Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as a measure of discretionary cash available to us to invest in the growth of our business. We compensate for these limitations by relying primarily on our GAAP results, including cash flows provided by operating activities, and using total Adjusted EBITDA as a supplemental financial measure.
 
The following table presents a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to our loss from operations for each of the periods indicated:
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
 
(in thousands)
                 
Loss from operations
  $ (4,162 )   $ (9,444 ))   $ (5,376 )
Add:
                       
Stock-based compensation, net
    8,381       5,673       2,914  
Depreciation and amortization
    10,274       6,302       3,321  
Acquisition and integration costs
    1,422       602       389  
Amortization of step-down in deferred revenue on acquisition of ReachLocal Australia, net of tax
                672  
Adjusted EBITDA
  $ 15,915     $ 3,133     $ 1,920  
 
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources        
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
 
                   
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow Data:
                 
(in thousands)
                 
Net cash provided by operating activities, continuing operations
  $ 20,861     $ 19,805     $ 14,718  
Net cash used in investing activities, continuing operations
  $ (11,708 )   $ (16,924 )   $ (15,882 )
Net cash used by discontinued operations
  $ (3,012 )   $ (3,533 )   $ (1,390 )
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
  $ (973 )   $ 44,097     $ (979 )

At December 31, 2011, we had cash and cash equivalents of $84.5 million and short-term investments of $0.6 million. Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash, money market accounts and certificates of deposit. Short term investments consist of certificates of deposit with original maturities in excess of three months but less than 12 months. To date, we have experienced no loss of our invested cash, cash equivalents or short-term investments. We cannot, however, provide any assurances that access to our invested cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments will not be impacted by adverse conditions in the financial markets. At December 31, 2011, we had no long-term indebtedness for borrowed money and are not subject to any restrictive bank covenants. At December 31, 2011, we had $1.3 million in restricted certificates of deposit to secure letters of credit issued to landlords and others.
 
 
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At December 31, 2011, we did not have contractual or purchase commitments for capital expenditures that were not reflected on our balance sheet as a liability. At December 31, 2010, our contractual or purchase commitments for capital expenditures that were not reflected on our balance sheet as a liability were less than $0.4 million, such amounts representing unfilled purchase orders of computer equipment. In addition, at December 31, 2011, we had significant internal product and technology resources working on projects that met the criteria for capitalization as software development costs and others that did not, although none of the projects in process were long-term projects (greater than one year). The amount capitalized for such projects in future periods will be evaluated by management and will impact the portion of costs for those internal resources that reduces net cash provided by operating activities and the portion of such costs that reduces net cash provided by investing activities. Funding for the committed capital expenditures, including software development costs, is expected to be provided by operating cash flow.
 
We have financed our operations, our expansion of our IMC salesforce and the extension of our Direct Local channel into new territories through cash provided by operations. Deferred revenue arising from prepayment by the great majority of our clients and vendor trade financing, principally for the purchase of media, are major components of our cash flow from operations, and the cash provided by deferred revenue and accounts payable has increased as our business has continued to grow. In general, to the extent our revenue from our Direct Local channel continues to grow, we would expect both the amount of deferred revenue from customer prepayments and the amount of vendor financing for purchased media to increase, which, subject to offset from changes in other operating costs, cash demands or vendor terms, would result in an increase in net cash provided by operations. Should revenue from the Direct Local channel decrease, the amount of deferred revenue and vendor financing would likely decrease, which, subject to changes in other accounts, would cause net cash provided by operations to be reduced.
 
Although we expect that cash flow from operations, existing cash balances and proceeds from our initial public offering will be sufficient to continue funding our expansion activities, these investments, including investments in developing new products and services for our clients, could require us to seek additional equity or debt financing, and that financing may not be available on terms favorable to us or at all. In addition, expansion in the number of IMCs and rapid expansion of new products and services for our clients could require significant capital and entail non-capitalized expenses that could diminish our income from operations. Further, in light of the additional capital provided by our initial public offering and assuming a stable macroeconomic climate and continued favorable operating cash flow, we intend to continue to invest in additional Underclassmen, retain additional Upperclassmen, and develop new products.
 
Operating Activities
 
Our cash flow from operating activities for 2011 resulted primarily from adjustments for non-cash expenses. Our loss from continuing operations of $4.0 million was offset by non-cash depreciation and amortization of $10.3 million, and non-cash stock-based compensation of $8.4 million. The loss was also offset by increases in accounts payable and accrued expenses of $7.1 million, reflecting a return to more normalized accounts payable levels as compared to 2010 due to the change in timing of payments to certain vendors, and $5.4 million of increases in deferred revenue and deferred payment obligations, both due to the growth of our business. The increases were partially offset by an increase in other receivables and prepaid expenses of $5.7 million, primarily related to an increase in vendor rebates of $6.3 million. 
 
Our cash flow from operating activities for 2010 resulted primarily from changes in our operating assets and liabilities, with accounts payable and accrued liabilities increasing $11.2 million and deferred revenue and rent increasing $8.0 million, both due to the growth of our business. We had a net loss in 2010 of $8.3 million, which included non-cash depreciation and amortization of $6.3 million and non-cash stock-based compensation of $5.7 million.
 
Our cash flow from operating activities for 2009  resulted primarily from changes in our operating assets and liabilities, with accounts payable and accrued liabilities increasing $8.3 million and deferred revenue increasing $6.2 million. Accounts payable at December 31, 2009 includes approximately $2.1 million in deferred expenses relating to our initial public offering. Net income of $10.6 million included a non-cash gain of $16.2 million from our purchase of the remaining interest in ReachLocal Australia.
 
Investing Activities
 
Our primary investing activities have consisted of purchases of property and equipment, capitalized software development costs, short-term investments, and business acquisitions. Our purchases of property and equipment and capitalized software have increased year-over-year as the business has grown, but may vary from period to period due to the timing of the expansion of our operations and our software development efforts.
 
On February 8, 2011, we acquired DealOn for up to approximately $9.7 million in cash and stock. On the closing date, we paid $5.8 million in cash and issued 82,878 shares of our common stock. The balance of the purchase price is estimated to total up to $1.5 million, payable in cash, and 22,095 common shares of our stock, payable in three installments, with 50% (10,649 shares of common stock), paid in February 2012, 25% payable August 2012 and 25% payable February 2013.
 
 
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In 2010, we invested $2.8 million, net of cash acquired, in the purchase of SMB:LIVE. The terms of our purchase agreement required us to make additional payments in 2011 of $0.4 million and in 2012 of $0.6 million. In 2009, we acquired the remaining interest of ReachLocal Australia and invested $8.9 million in net cash. Of this investment, $3.1 million was paid, net of cash acquired, in 2009 and the balance of $5.8 million was paid in conjunction with our initial public offering in 2010. We expect to continue to use capital for acquisitions, purchases of property and equipment and development of software.
 
Financing Activities
 
Our cash flow used in financing activities for 2011 resulted primarily from settlements of repurchases of our common stock of $6.5 million. This was partially offset by $5.5 million in proceeds from the exercise of stock options. In May 2010, we received $43.0 million in proceeds, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering costs payable by us, from the sale of shares of common stock in connection with our initial public offering.
 
Future cash flows from financing activities may also be affected by our repurchases of our common stock. On November 4, 2011, we announced that our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $20.0 million of our outstanding common stock. At December 31, 2011, we had executed repurchases of $6.7 million of our common stock under the program. From January 1, 2012 to March 9, 2012, we  executed repurchases of an additional $2.6 million of our common stock under the program. Purchases may be made from time-to-time in open market or privately negotiated transactions as determined by our management. The amount and timing of the share repurchase will depend on business and market conditions, stock price, trading restrictions, acquisition activity, and other factors. The share repurchase program does not obligate us to acquire any particular amount of common stock, and the repurchase program may be suspended or discontinued at any time at our discretion.
 
Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
At December 31, 2011, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.
 
Contractual Obligations
 
At December 31, 2011, the remaining deferred payment obligations under the SMB:LIVE acquisition agreement included $0.6 million of deferred cash consideration and 181,224 shares of our common stock and are also based on achieving certain milestones tied to employee retention objectives through February 22, 2012, which were met and the remaining cash and stock consideration was paid. At December 31, 2011, the deferred payment obligation under the DealOn acquisition agreement included approximately $1.5 million in cash and 21,297 shares of our common stock. On February 8, 2012, we made a deferred payment in the amount of $0.5 million and issued 10,649 shares of common stock in accordance with the DealOn acquisition agreement.
 
We lease our primary office space in Woodland Hills, California; Plano, Texas; and other locations under various cancelable and  non-cancelable operating leases that will expire between 2012 and 2021. We have no debt obligations. All property and equipment have been purchased for cash, and we have no capital lease obligations recorded in the financial statements. We have no material long-term purchase obligations outstanding with any vendors or third parties other than the SMB deferred payment obligations.
 
As of December 31, 2011, future minimum payments under non-cancelable operating leases are as follows (in thousands):
 
   
Payments Under
Operating Leases
 
Less than 1 year
  $ 9,168  
1-3 years
    16,092  
3-5 years
    9,358  
More than 5 years
    8,028  
Total future minimum payments
  $ 42,646  
 
 
PAGE 46

 
 
Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 220-10, Comprehensive Income - Presentation of Comprehensive Income, provides that an entity has the option to present the total of comprehensive income, the components of net income, and the components of other comprehensive income either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. Under both options, an entity will be required to present each component of net income along with total net income, each component of other comprehensive income along with a total for other comprehensive income, and a total amount for comprehensive income. The amendments do not affect how earnings per share is calculated or presented. ASC Topic 220-10 is effective for us as of January 1, 2012, however certain provisions of the standard relating to the presentation of reclassification adjustments out of accumulated other comprehensive income have been deferred . Although adopting the guidance will not impact our accounting for comprehensive income, it will affect our presentation of components of comprehensive income by eliminating our practice of showing these items within the Consolidated Statements of Shareowners’ Equity.

ASC Topic 820-10, Fair Value Measurement - Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRSs (International Financial Reporting Standards), clarifies existing fair value measurement and disclosure requirements, amends certain fair value measurement principles and requires additional disclosures about fair value measurements.  Adoption of this provision, which is effective for us as of January 1, 2012, is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
 
 
We are exposed to market risk in the ordinary course of our business. These risks primarily include interest rate, foreign exchange and inflation risks.
 
Interest Rate Fluctuation Risk
 
We do not have any long-term indebtedness for borrowed money. Our investments include cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments. Cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments consist of cash, money market accounts and certificates of deposit. The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal while maximizing income without significantly increasing risk. We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes. Our investments are exposed to market risk due to a fluctuation in interest rates, which may affect our interest income and the fair market value of our investments. Due to the short-term nature of our investment portfolio, we do not believe an immediate 10% increase in interest rates would have a material effect on the fair market value of our portfolio, and therefore we do not expect our operating results or cash flows to be materially affected to any degree by a sudden change in market interest rates.

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
 
We have foreign currency risks related to our investments, revenue and operating expenses denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, principally the Australian dollar, the British pound sterling, the Canadian dollar, the Indian rupee, the European euro, and the Japanese yen. An unfavorable change in these exchange rates relative to the dollar would result in an unfavorable impact on the value of our investments, our revenue and operating losses. For 2011, an unfavorable 10 percent change in exchange rates would result in a decrease in annual revenue of $9.6 million and an increase in our annual operating loss for the period of $0.4 million. We currently do not hedge or otherwise manage our currency exposure. As our international operations expand to more countries and mature, our risks associated with fluctuations in currency rates will become greater, and we will continue to reassess our approach to managing this risk. In addition, currency fluctuations or a weakening U.S. dollar can increase the costs of our international expansion.
 
Inflation Risk
 
We do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. If our costs were to become subject to significant inflationary pressures, we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs through price increases. Our inability or failure to do so could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
 
Please refer to Item 15—Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.
 
 
None.
 
 
(a)
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) as of December 31, 2011. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (1) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and (2) is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
 
 
PAGE 47

 
 
(b)
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
 
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on criteria established in the framework in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2011.
 
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect all misstatements. A control system no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
 
Grant Thornton LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011, as stated in their report, which is included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
 
(c)
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
 
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2011 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
 
 
None.
 
 
PAGE 48

 
 
PART III
 
 
The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement for our 2012 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
 
We have adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers (including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer) and employees. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is available on the investor relations section of our website at www.reachlocal.com under “Corporate Governance.”
 
We intend to satisfy the disclosure requirement under Item 5.05 of Form 8-K regarding an amendment to, or waiver from , a provision of this Code of Business Conduct and Ethics by posting such information on our website, at the address and location specified above and, to the extent required by the listing standards of The NASDAQ Stock Market, by filing a Current Report on Form 8-K with the SEC, disclosing such information.
 
 
The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement for our 2012 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
 
 
The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement for our 2012 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
 
 
The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement for our 2012 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
 
 
The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement for our 2012 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

 
PAGE 49

 
 
PART IV
 
 
We have filed the following documents as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:
 
   
Page
     
(1)
ReachLocal, Inc. Consolidated Financial Statements
 
     
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, Grant Thornton LLP
F-2
 
Consolidated Balance Sheets
F-4
 
Consolidated Statements of Operations
F-5
 
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity and Comprehensive Income (Loss)
F-7
 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
F-9
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
F-10

 
F-1

 
 
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
 
Board of Directors and Stockholders
ReachLocal, Inc.,

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of ReachLocal, Inc. (a Delaware corporation) as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and comprehensive income (loss), and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2011. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of ReachLocal, Inc. as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2011, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), ReachLocal, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) and our report dated March 15, 2012 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP

Los Angeles, California
March 15, 2012
 
 
F-2

 
 
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Board of Directors and Stockholders
ReachLocal, Inc.,

We have audited ReachLocal, Inc.’s (a Delaware Corporation) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). ReachLocal, Inc.’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on ReachLocal, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In our opinion, ReachLocal, Inc. maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by COSO.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of ReachLocal, Inc. as of December 31, 2011, and 2010, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and comprehensive income (loss), and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2011, and our report dated March 15, 2012 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.

/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP

Los Angeles, California
March 15, 2012
 
 
F-3

 
 
REACHLOCAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except per share data)
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
Assets
           
             
Current assets:
           
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 84,525     $ 79,906  
Short-term investments
    644       8,208  
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $363 and $373 at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively
    4,240       3,295  
Other receivables and prepaid expenses
    9,226       3,383  
Total current assets
    98,635       94,792  
                 
Property and equipment, net
    9,885       6,531  
Capitalized software development costs, net
    10,942       8,829  
Restricted certificates of deposit
    1,286       801  
Intangible assets, net
    1,957       2,963  
Other assets
    1,966       1,339  
Goodwill
    41,766       34,118  
Assets of discontinued operations
          2,026  
Total assets
  $ 166,437     $ 151,399  
                 
                 
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
               
                 
Current Liabilities:
               
Accounts payable
  $ 29,831     $ 28,482  
Accrued expenses
    19,537       14,042  
Deferred payment obligations
    1,924       530  
Deferred revenue and other current liabilities
    28,823       24,656  
Liabilities of discontinued operations
    996        
Total current liabilities
    81,111       67,710  
Deferred rent and other liabilities
    3,039       1,673  
Total liabilities
    84,150       69,383  
                 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7)
               
                 
Stockholders’ Equity:
               
Common stock, $0.00001 par value—140,000 shares authorized; 28,552 and 28,165 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively
           
Receivable from stockholder
    (87 )     (87 )
Additional paid-in capital
    108,883       98,140  
Accumulated deficit
    (26,234 )     (16,044 )
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
    (275 )     7  
Total stockholders’ equity
    82,287       82,016  
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
 
$ 166,437`
    $ 151,399  
 
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
 
F-4

 
 
REACHLOCAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except per share data)
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
 
                   
Revenue
  $ 375,241     $ 291,689     $ 203,117  
Cost of revenue
    190,559       159,018       112,218  
Operating expenses:
                       
Selling and marketing
    139,929       108,529       76,089  
Product and technology
    15,602       9,957       4,657  
General and administrative
    33,313       23,629       15,529  
Total operating expenses
    188,844       142,115       96,275  
Loss from operations
    (4,162 )     (9,444 )     (5,376 )
Gain on acquisitions of ReachLocal Australia
                16,223  
Other income (expense), net
    928       601       (7 )
Income (loss) before provision (benefit) for income taxes
    (3,234 )     (8,843 )     10,840  
Provision (benefit) for income taxes
    735       (540 )     217  
Income (loss) from continuing operations, net of income taxes
    (3,969 )     (8,303 )     10,623  
Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes
    (6,215 )     (2,844 )     (601 )
Net income (loss)
    (10,184 )     (11,147 )     10,022  
Undistributed income attributable to preferred stockholders
                8,638  
                         
Net income (loss) available to common stockholders
  $ (10,184 )   $ (11,147 )   $ 1,384  
                         
Net income (loss) available to common stockholders:
                       
Net income (loss) from continuing operations, net of income taxes
  $ (3,969 )   $ (8,303 )   $ 1,985  
Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes
    (6,215 )     (2,844 )     (601 )
Net income (loss)
  $ (10,184 )   $ (11,147 )   $ 1,384  
Net income (loss) per share available to common stockholders, basic:
                       
Net income (loss) per share from continuing operations, basic
  $ (0.14 )   $ (0.42 )   $ 0.32  
Net loss per share from discontinued operations, basic
    (0.21 )     (0.14 )     (0.10 )
Net income (loss) per share, basic
  $ (0.35 )   $ (0.56 )   $ 0.22  
                         
Net income (loss) per share available to common stockholders, diluted:
                       
Net income (loss) per share from continuing operations, diluted
  $ (0.14 )   $ (0.42 )   $ 0.25  
Net loss per share from discontinued operations, diluted
    (0.21 )     (0.14 )     (0.07 )
Net income (loss) per share, diluted
  $ (0.35 )   $ (0.56 )   $ 0.18  
                         
Weighted average common shares used in the computation of net income (loss) per share available to common stockholders:
                       
Basic
    28,974       19,867       6,283  
Diluted
    28,974       19,867       7,901  
                         
The following earnings per share information is presented as if all preferred shares were converted into common stock as of the beginning of the period presented.
                       
 
 
F-5

 
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
 
                         
Pro-forma net income (loss) per share, as if converted:
                       
Net income (loss) per share from continuing operations, basic
  $ (0.14 )   $ (0.32 )   $ 0.46  
Net loss per share from discontinued operations, basic
    (0.21 )     (0.11 )     (0.03 )
Net income (loss) per share, basic
  $ (0.35 )   $ (0.42 )   $ 0.44  
                         
                         
Net income (loss) per share from continuing operations, diluted
  $ (0.14 )   $ (0.32 )   $ 0.43  
Net loss per share from discontinued operations, diluted
    (0.21 )     (0.11 )     (0.02 )
Net income (loss) per share, diluted
  $ (0.35 )   $ (0.42 )   $ 0.41  
                         
Pro-forma weighted average common shares used in computation of net income (loss) per share, as if converted:
                       
Basic
    28,974       26,286       22,995  
Diluted
    28,974       26,286       24,613  

See notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
 
F-6

 
 
REACHLOCAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(in thousands)

   
Series A
Convertible
Preferred
Stock
 
Series B-1
Convertible
Preferred
Stock
 
Series B-2
Convertible
Preferred
Stock
 
Series C
Convertible
Preferred
Stock
 
Series D
Convertible
Preferred
Stock
 
Common
Stock
 
Receivable
from
 
Additional
Paid-in
 
Accumulated
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income
 
Total
Stockholders’
 
   
Shares
 
Amount
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
Stockholder
 
Capital
 
Deficit
 
(Loss)
 
Equity
 
Balance as of December 31, 2008
  1,221   $ 1   3,615   $ 1   5,272   $ 1   371   $   5,974   $ 1   6,257   $ 1   $ (227 ) $ 37,696   $ (14,919 ) $ (41 ) $ 22,514  
Exercise of stock options
                                76             54             54  
Common and restricted stock issued in business combination
                                599             6,244             6,244  
Stock-based compensation
                                            3,253             3,253  
Receivable from stockholder (1)
                                        128                 128  
Foreign currency translation adjustments
                                                    (97 )   (97 )
Net income
                                                10,022         10,022  
Comprehensive loss
                                                        9,925  
                                                                                             
Balance as of December 31, 2009
  1,221     1   3,615     1   5,272     1   371       5,974     1   6,932     1     (99 )   47,247     (4,897 )   (138 )   42,118  
Preferred stock conversion
  (1,221 )   (1 ) (3,615 )   (1 ) (5,272 )   (1 ) (371 )     (5,974 )   (1 ) 16,712             4              
Issuance of common stock, net of costs
                                3,941             41,996             41,996  
Par value adjustment
                                      (1 )       1              
Exercise of stock options
                                536             1,068             1,068  
Stock-based compensation
                                            7,746             7,746  
Issuance of common stock in connection with vesting of restricted stock, exercise of warrant and BOD share plan compensation
                                44             78             78  
Foreign currency translation adjustments
                                        12             145     157  
Net loss
                                                (11,147 )       (11,147 )
                                                                                             
Comprehensive loss
                                                        (10,990 )
 
 
F-7

 
 
   
Series A
Convertible
Preferred
Stock
 
Series B-1
Convertible
Preferred
Stock
 
Series B-2
Convertible
Preferred
Stock
 
Series C
Convertible
Preferred
Stock
 
Series D
Convertible
Preferred
Stock
 
Common
Stock
 
Receivable
from
 
Additional
Paid-in
 
Accumulated
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income
 
Total
Stockholders’
 
   
Shares
 
Amount
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
Stockholder
 
Capital
 
Deficit
 
(Loss)
 
Equity
 
                                                                       
Balance as of December 31,
2010
 
     
     
     
   
 
     
28,165
        (87 )  
98,140
    (16,044 )  
7
   
82,016
 
Exercise of stock options
                                976             5,521             5,521  
Stock-based compensation
                                            9,855             9,855  
Common and restricted stock issued in business combination
                                266             1,895             1,895  
Issuance of common stock in connection with vesting of restricted stock, and BOD share plan compensation
                                14                          
Common stock repurchase
                                (869 )           (6,468 )           (6,468 )
Investment in subsidiary
                                            (60 )           (60 )
Foreign currency translation adjustments
                                                (6 )   (282 )   (288 )
Net loss
                                                (10,184 )       (10,184 )
                                                                                             
Comprehensive loss
                                                        (10,472 )
                                                                                             
Balance as of December 31,
2011
    $     $     $     $     $   28,552   $   $ (87 ) $ 108,883   $ (26,234 ) $ (275 ) $ 82,287  
 

 
(1)
Amount reflects the write-off of the receivable from stockholder of $0.2 million net of the assumption of loans of $0.1 million in connection with the acquisition of ReachLocal Australia (Note 12).
 
See notes to consolidated financial statements.

 
F-8

 
 
REACHLOCAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
 
Cash flow from operating activities:
                 
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
  $ (3,969 )   $ (8,303 )   $ 10,623  
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
                       
Depreciation and amortization
    10,274       6,302       3,321  
Stock-based compensation, net
    8,381       5,673       2,914  
Provision for doubtful accounts
    172       252       12  
Impairment of intangible assets
    764              
Provision for deferred income taxes
    185       (702 )      
Interest and foreign currency gain on payment obligations, net
    25       (102 )      
Write-off of stockholder loan
                227  
Gain on purchase of ReachLocal Australia
                (16,223 )
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
                       
Accounts receivable
    (1,077 )     (171 )     49  
Other receivables and prepaid expenses
    (5,740 )     (1,785 )     (598 )
Other assets
    (673 )     (585 )     (96 )
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
    7,076       11,228       8,274  
Deferred revenue, rent and other liabilities
    5,443       7,998       6,215  
Net cash provided by operating activities, continuing operations
    20,861       19,805       14,718  
Net cash used for operating activities, discontinued operations
    (1,872 )     (2,130 )     (410 )
Net cash provided by operating activities
    18,989       17,675       14,308  
Cash flow from investing activities:
                       
Additions to property, equipment and software
    (12,441 )     (8,526 )     (4,613 )
Acquisitions, net of acquired cash
    (6,342 )     (8,612 )     (3,083 )
Purchases of restricted certificates of deposit
    (489 )     (204 )     (456 )
Proceeds from maturity of certificates of deposit
    7,649       589        
Purchases of short-term investments
    (85 )     (171 )     (7,730 )
Net cash used in investing activities, continuing operations
    (11,708 )     (16,924 )     (15,882 )
Net cash used in investing activities, discontinued operations
    (1,140 )     (1,403 )     (980 )
Net cash used in investing activities
    (12,848 )     (18,327 )     (16,862 )
                         
Cash flow from financing activities:
                       
Proceeds from exercise of stock options
    5,495       1,068       54  
Common stock repurchases
    (6,468 )            
Proceeds from initial public offering
          47,649        
Deferred offering costs
          (4,620 )     (1,033 )
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
    (973 )     44,097       (979 )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash
    (549 )     1,082       92  
Net change in cash and cash equivalents
    4,619       44,527       (3,441 )
Cash and cash equivalents—beginning of period
    79,906       35,379       38,820  
Cash and cash equivalents—end of period
  $ 84,525     $ 79,906     $ 35,379  
Supplemental disclosure of other cash flow information:
                       
Cash paid for interest
  $     $ 184     $  
Cash paid for income taxes
  $ 151     $ 214     $ 277  
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
                       
Capitalized software development costs resulting from stock-based compensation and deferred payment obligations
  $ 1,144     $ 2,461     $ 292  
Accrued offering costs
  $     $     $ 2,066  
Deferred payment obligation
  $ 1,850     $ 530     $ 5,955  
 
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
 
F-9

 
 
REACHLOCAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
1. Organization and Description of Business
 
ReachLocal, Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated in the state of Delaware in August 2003. The Company’s operations are located in the United States, Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, India, the Netherlands, Germany and Japan. The Company’s mission is to help small- and medium-sized businesses (“SMBs”) acquire, maintain and retain customers via the Internet. The Company offers a comprehensive suite of online marketing solutions, including search engine marketing (ReachSearch™), Web presence (ReachCast™), display advertising (ReachDisplay™) and remarketing, online marketing analytics (TotalTrack®), and an out-of-the-box assisted chat service (TotalLiveChat™), each targeted to the SMB market. The Company delivers this suite of services to SMBs through a combination of its proprietary technology platform, its direct, “feet-on-the-street” sales force of Internet Marketing Consultants, or IMCs, and select third party agencies and resellers. 
 
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 
Principles of Consolidation
 
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of ReachLocal, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
 
Discontinued Operations
 
As a result of winding down the operations of Bizzy, the Company has reclassified and presented all related historical financial information as “discontinued operations” in the accompanying Consolidated Balances Sheets, Consolidated Statements of Operations and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. In addition, all Bizzy related activities have been excluded from the notes unless specifically referenced.
 
Use of Estimates
 
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates are based on information available as of the date of the financial statements. Therefore, actual results could differ from those estimates.
 
Conversion of Preferred Stock
 
All of the outstanding shares of convertible preferred stock converted into shares of common stock upon the consummation of the Company’s initial public offering in May 2010.
 
Foreign Currency Translation
 
The Company’s operations are conducted in several countries around the world, and the financial statements of its foreign subsidiaries are reported in the applicable foreign currencies (functional currencies). Financial information is translated from the applicable functional currency to the U.S. dollar, the reporting currency, for inclusion in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Income, expenses, and cash flows are translated at average exchange rates prevailing during the period, and assets and liabilities are translated at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Resulting translation adjustments are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net in stockholders’ equity. Foreign currency translation adjustments are generally not adjusted for income taxes as they are primarily related to indefinite investments in foreign subsidiaries. Foreign exchange transaction gains and losses are included in other income (expense), net in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Exchange gains and losses on intercompany balances that are considered permanently invested are also included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in stockholders’ equity.
 
Foreign currency translation adjustments included in other comprehensive income (loss), were $(0.3) million, $0.1 million and $(0.1) million for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2011and 2009, the Company recorded immaterial amounts of other income (loss) from foreign exchange transactions; and, for the year ended December 31, 2010, the Company recorded a $0.2 million foreign currency exchange gain in connection with the payment obligation related to the acquisition of ReachLocal Australia.
 
 
F-10

 
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents
 
The Company reports all highly liquid short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase as cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, cash equivalents consist of demand deposits and money market accounts. Cash equivalents are stated at cost, which approximates fair value.
 
Short-Term Investments
 
The Company classifies short-term investments when the original maturity is less than one year, or when the Company intends to sell the investment within one year. As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, short-term investments consisted of certificates of deposit. All of the short-term investments are classified as available-for-sale.
 
Financial Instruments
 
For certain of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and other accrued liabilities, the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to their short maturities.
 
Restricted Cash
 
Restricted cash represents certificates of deposit held at financial institutions, which are pledged as collateral for letters of credit related to lease commitments. The restrictions will lapse when the letters of credit expire at the end of the respective lease terms in 2021. As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Company had restricted certificates of deposit in the amounts of $1.3 million and $0.8 million, respectively. Restricted certificates of deposit are classified as non-current assets.
 
Concentrations of Credit Risk
 
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, short-term investments and accounts receivable. The Company holds its cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and restricted cash with major financial institutions around the world.
 
Cash and cash equivalents and certificates of deposit are deposited with a limited number of financial institutions in the United States, Canada, Australia, United Kingdom, India, the Netherlands, Germany and Japan. The balances held at any one financial institution are generally in excess of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limits or, in foreign territories, local insurance limits. To date, the Company has not experienced any loss or lack of access to cash in its operating accounts. However, the Company can provide no assurances that access to its cash and cash equivalents will not be impacted by adverse conditions in the financial markets. As of December 31, 2011, domestic bank balances in excess of insured limits were $61.2 million. The Company had $20.1 million in excess of insured limits in foreign bank accounts as of December 31, 2011.
 
The Company’s customers are dispersed both geographically and across a broad range of industries. Receivables are generated primarily through agencies and resellers. Management performs ongoing evaluation of trade receivables for collectibility and provides an allowance for potentially uncollectible accounts. The following table summarizes the change in the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts for each of the three years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 (in thousands):
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
 
Allowance for doubtful accounts as of the beginning of the period
  $ 373     $ 142     $ 314  
Additions charged to expense
    172       252       12  
Write-offs
    (182 )     (21 )     (184 )
Allowance for doubtful accounts as of the end of the period
  $ 363     $ 373     $ 142  
 
As of December 31, 2011, one client accounted for 20% of the total accounts receivable balance. As of December 31, 2010, the same client accounted for 13% of the total accounts receivable balance.
 
In 2011, 2010, and 2009, no client accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s total revenue.
 
During 2011, 2010, and 2009, nearly all of the Company’s cost of revenue was for the purchase of media and nearly all of the media the Company purchased was from Google, Yahoo! and Bing. During each of the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010, and 2009, a substantial majority of the media the Company purchased was from Google.
 
Other receivables and prepaid expenses included $7.3 million and $1.0 million of non-trade receivables from media vendors at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
 
 
F-11

 
 
Property and Equipment
 
Property and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the assets or, where applicable and if shorter, over the lease term. Upon retirement or sale, the cost of assets disposed of and the related accumulated depreciation are eliminated from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is credited or charged to operations. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.
 
Estimated useful lives of assets are as follows:
 
Computer hardware and software
                                             3 years
Office equipment
                                             5 years
Furniture and fixtures
                                             7 years
Leasehold improvements
The lesser of their expected useful lives or the remaining lease term.
 
 
Software Development Costs
 
The Company capitalizes costs to develop software when management has determined that the development efforts will result in new or additional functionality or new products. Costs capitalized as internal use software are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the software of three years. Costs incurred prior to meeting these criteria and costs associated with ongoing maintenance are expensed as incurred and are recorded along with amortization of capitalized software development costs as product and technology expenses within the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
 
Goodwill 
 
          Total goodwill of $41.8 million as of December 31, 2011 and $34.1 million as of December 31, 2010 is related to our acquired businesses.   The Company operates in one reportable segment, in accordance with ASC 280, Segment Reporting, and has identified two reporting units—North America and Australia—for purposes of evaluating goodwill. These reporting units each constitute a business or group of businesses for which discrete financial information is available and is regularly reviewed by segment management. North America assigned goodwill is $9.4 million in 2011 and $1.7 million in 2010.  Australia assigned goodwill is $32.4 million for 2011 and 2010.  The Company reviews the carrying amounts of goodwill for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstance indicate that the related carrying amount may not be recoverable. The Company performs its annual assessment of goodwill impairment as of the first day of each fourth quarter.
 
For the year ended December 31, 2011, the Company adopted the amended guidance for assessing qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, in accordance with ASC 350-20, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other. Entities are provided with the option of first performing a qualitative assessment on any of its reporting units to determine whether further quantitative impairment testing is necessary. An entity may also bypass the qualitative assessment for any reporting unit in any period and proceed directly to the quantitative impairment test. If an entity determines that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then performing a two-step impairment test is necessary. The first step of the impairment test involves comparing the estimated fair values of each of our reporting units with their respective carrying amounts, including goodwill. If the estimated fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, including goodwill, goodwill is considered not to be impaired and no additional steps are necessary. If, however, the estimated fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill, then the second step is performed to compare the carrying amount of the goodwill with its implied fair value. If the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of that goodwill, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the excess. The Company estimates fair value utilizing the projected discounted cash flow method and a discount rate determined by the Company to commensurate with the risk inherent in its business model.
 
 The Company performed its annual assessment of goodwill impairment as of the first day of the fourth quarter.of 2011 and 2010, and determined that it was more likely than not that there was no impairment of goodwill and accordingly, no impairment of goodwill was recorded.
 
Long-Lived Assets and Intangible Assets      
 
At December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Company had $2.0 million and $1.7 million, respectively, of intangible assets resulting from acquisitions. The Company reports finite-lived, acquisition-related intangible assets at fair value, net of accumulated amortization. Identifiable intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of three years. Straight-line amortization is used because no other pattern over which the economic benefits will be consumed can be reliably determined.
 
 
F-12

 
 
The Company reviews the carrying values of long-lived assets, including intangible assets, for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstance indicate that the related carrying amount may not be recoverable. In its analysis of other finite lived amortizable intangible assets, the Company applies the guidance of ASC 350-20, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other, in determining whether any impairment conditions exist. An impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds the asset’s fair value. Intangible assets are attributable to the various developed technologies and client relationships of the businesses the Company has acquired. Long-lived assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of carrying amount or estimated fair value less cost to sell. During 2011, the Company recorded a $0.8 million impairment charge to intangible assets related to customer relationships acquired in the DealOn acquisition. The impairment is recorded in Cost of Revenue and results from a diminution in value attributable to an adjustment in the Company’s business strategy for ReachDeals and the elimination of its dedicated deal sales force. Management determined that there was no impairment of long-lived assets as of December 31, 2010.
 
Leases
 
The Company leases various facilities under agreements accounted for as operating leases. For leases that contain escalation or rent concessions provisions, management recognizes rent expense during the lease term on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. The difference between rent paid and straight-line rent expense is recorded as a deferred rent liability in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
 
Revenue Recognition
 
The Company recognizes revenue for its services when all of the following criteria are satisfied:
 
 
persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists;
 
 
services have been performed;
 
 
the selling price is fixed or determinable; and
 
 
collectability is reasonably assured.
 
The Company recognizes revenue as the cost for the third-party media is incurred, which is upon delivery of the advertising on behalf of its clients. The Company recognizes revenue for its ReachSearch product as clicks are recorded on sponsored links on the various search engines and for its ReachDisplay product when the display advertisements record impressions or as otherwise provided in its agreement with the applicable publisher. The Company recognizes revenue for its ReachCast product on a straight line basis over the applicable service period for each campaign. The Company recognizes revenue when it charges set-up, management service or other fees on a straight line basis over the term of the related campaign contract or the completion of any obligation for services, if shorter. When the Company receives advance payments from clients, management records these amounts as deferred revenue until the revenue is recognized. When the Company extends credit, management records a receivable when the revenue is recognized.
 
When the Company sells through agencies, it either receives payment in advance of services or in some cases extends credit. The Company pays each agency an agreed-upon commission based on the revenue it earns or cash it receives. Some agency clients who have been extended credit may offset the amount otherwise due to the Company by any commissions they have earned. Management evaluates whether it is appropriate to record the gross amount of campaign revenue or the net amount earned after commissions. As the Company is the primary party obligated in the arrangement, subject to the credit risk, with discretion over both price and media, management recognizes the gross amount of such sales as revenue and any commissions are recognized as a selling and marketing expense.
 
The Company also has a small number of resellers. Resellers integrate the Company’s services, including ReachSearch, ReachDisplay, remarketing and TotalTrack, into their product offerings. In each case, the resellers integrate with the Company’s RL Platform through a custom Application Programming Interface (API). Resellers are responsible for the price and specifications of the integrated product offered to their clients. Resellers pay the Company in arrears, net of commissions and other adjustments. Management recognizes revenue generated under reseller agreements net of the agreed-upon commissions and other adjustments earned or retained by the reseller, as management believes that the reseller has retained sufficient control and bears sufficient risks to be considered the primary obligor in those arrangements.
 
The Company offers future incentives to clients in exchange for minimum commitments. In these circumstances, management estimates the amount of the future incentives that will be earned by clients and defers a portion of the otherwise recognizable revenue. Estimates are based upon a statistical analysis of previous campaigns for which such incentives were offered. Should a client not meet its minimum commitment and no longer qualify for the incentive, management recognizes the revenue previously deferred related to the estimated incentive.
 
Cost of Revenue
 
Cost of revenue consists primarily of the cost of media acquired from third-party publishers. Media cost is classified as cost of revenue in the corresponding period in which revenue is recognized. From time to time, publishers offer the Company rebates based upon various factors and operating rules, including the amount of media purchased. Management records these rebates in the period in which they are earned as a reduction to cost of revenue and the corresponding payable to the applicable publisher, or as an other receivable, as appropriate. Cost of revenue also includes third-party telephone and information services costs, data center and third-party hosting costs, credit card processing fees, third-party content and other direct costs. In addition, cost of revenue includes costs to initiate, operate and manage clients’ campaigns, other than costs associated with the Company’s sales force, which are reflected as selling and marketing expenses. Cost of revenue includes salaries, benefits, bonuses and stock-based compensation for the related staff, including the cost of Web Presence Professionals who are the principal service providers for the Company’s ReachCast product, and allocated overhead such as depreciation expense, rent and utilities, as well as an allocable portion of the Company’s technical operations costs.
 
 
F-13

 
 
Selling and Marketing Expenses
 
Selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel and related expenses for selling and marketing staff, including salaries and wages, commissions, benefits, bonuses and stock-based compensation; travel and business costs; training, recruitment, marketing and promotional events; advertising; other brand building and product marketing expenses; and occupancy, technology and other direct overhead costs. A portion of the compensation for IMCs, sales management and other employees in the sales organization is based on commissions. In addition, the cost of agency commissions is included in selling and marketing expenses.
 
Product and Technology Expenses
 
Product and technology expenses consist primarily of personnel and related expenses for product development and technology staff, including salaries, benefits, bonuses and stock-based compensation, and the cost of certain third-party service providers and other expenses, including occupancy, technology and other direct overhead costs. Technology operations costs, including related personnel and third-party costs, are included in product and technology expenses. The Company capitalizes a portion of its software development costs (Note 6) and, accordingly, includes amortization of those costs as costs of product and technology, as the RL Platform and the Company’s other systems address all aspects of the Company’s activities, including supporting the IMC selling and consultation process, online publisher integration, efficiencies and optimization, providing insight to clients into the results and effects of their online advertising campaigns and supporting all of the financial and other back-office functions of the business. Product and technology expenses also include the amortization of the technology obtained in acquisitions and the expenses of deferred payment obligations related to product and technology personnel.
 
General and Administrative Expenses
 
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel and related expenses for executive, legal, finance, human resources and corporate communications, including wages, benefits, bonuses and stock-based compensation, professional fees, insurance premiums and other expenses, including occupancy, technology and other direct overhead, public company costs and other corporate expenses.
 
Advertising Expenses
 
The Company expenses advertising as incurred. Advertising expense was $1.3 million, $1.6 million and $0.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
 
Stock-Based Compensation
 
The Company accounts for stock-based compensation based on fair value. The Company follows the attribution method, which reduces current stock-based compensation expenses recorded by the effect of anticipated forfeitures. Management estimates forfeitures based upon its historical experience, which has resulted in a small expected forfeiture rate.
 
The fair value of each award is estimated on the date of the grant and amortized over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock-based awards on the date of grant. Determining the fair value of stock-based awards at the grant date under this model requires judgment, including estimating volatility, expected term and risk-free interest rate. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of stock-based awards represent management’s estimate based on judgment and subjective future expectations. These estimates involve inherent uncertainties. If any of the assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model significantly changes, stock-based compensation for future awards may differ materially from the awards granted previously.
 
Net Income (Loss) Per Share
 
Basic net income (loss) per share available to common stockholders is computed by dividing the net income (loss) available to common stockholders for the period by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share available to common stockholders is computed by dividing the net income (loss) for the period by the weighted average number of common and potential dilutive shares outstanding during the period, to the extent such shares are dilutive. Potential dilutive shares are composed of incremental common shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options, warrants and unvested restricted shares using the treasury stock method and convertible preferred stock under the if-converted method, where such conversions are dilutive.
 
 
F-14

 
 
The following potentially dilutive securities have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net income (loss) per common share as they would be anti-dilutive (in thousands):
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
 
Weighted average convertible preferred stock
          6,419       16,712  
Deferred stock consideration— SMB:LIVE acquisition
    106       312        
Restricted stock—DealOn acquisition and restricted stock subject to repurchase
    79       94        
Stock options and warrant
    1,757       2,645       1,610  
      1,942       9,470       18,322  
 
The following table sets forth a reconciliation of the number of the numerator and denominator used in the calculation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share for the periods indicated (in thousands, except per share data):
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
 
Net income (loss) available to common stockholders:
                 
Net income (loss) from continuing operations, net of income taxes
  $ (3,969 )   $ (8,303 )   $ 1,985  
Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes
    (6,215 )     (2,844 )     (601 )
Net income (loss)
  $ (10,184 )   $ (11,147 )   $ 1,384  
                         
Diluted shares:
                       
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding
    28,974       19,867       6,283  
Add restricted stock subject to repurchase
                196  
Add options and warrants to purchase common shares
                1,422  
Weighted average shares used to compute diluted net income (loss) per share available to common shareholders
    28,974       19,867       7,901  
                         
                         
Net income (loss) per share available to common stockholders, basic:
                       
Net income (loss) per share from continuing operations, basic
  $ (0.14 )   $ (0.42 )   $ 0.32  
Net loss per share from discontinued operations, basic
    (0.21 )     (0.14 )     (0.10 )
Net income (loss) per share, basic
  $ (0.35 )   $ (0.56 )   $ 0.22  
Net income (loss) per share available to common stockholders, diluted:
                       
Net income (loss) per share from continuing operations, diluted
  $ (0.14 )   $ (0.42 )   $ 0.25  
Net loss per share from discontinued operations, diluted
    (0.21 )     (0.14 )     (0.07 )
Net income (loss) per share, diluted
  $ (0.35 )   $ (0.56 )   $ 0.18  
 
Unaudited Pro Forma Net Income (Loss) Per Share
 
Pro forma basic and diluted net income (loss) per share has been computed to give effect to the conversion of the Company’s preferred stock (using the “if converted” method) into common stock as though the conversion had occurred at the beginning of the periods (in thousands, except per share data):
 
 
F-15

 
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
 
Net income (loss) available to common stockholders:
                 
Income (loss) from continuing operations, net of income taxes
  $ (3,969 )   $ (8,303 )   $ 10,623  
Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes
    (6,215 )     (2,844 )     (601 )
Net income (loss)
  $ (10,184 )   $ (11,147 )   $ 10,022  
Basic shares:
                       
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding
    28,974       19,867       6,283  
Add conversion of preferred stock
          6,419       16,712  
      28,974       , 26,286       22,995  
                         
Diluted shares:
                       
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding
    28,974       19,867       6,283  
Add restricted stock subject to repurchase
                196  
Add options and warrants to purchase common shares
                1,422  
Add conversion of preferred stock
            6,419       16,712  
Weighted average shares used to compute diluted net income (loss) per share available to common shareholders
    28,974       26,286       24,613  
Net income (loss) per share:
                       
Net income (loss) per share from continuing operations, basic
  $ (0.14 )   $ (0.32 )   $ 0.46  
Loss per share from discontinued operations, basic
    (0.21 )     (0.11 )     (0.03 )
Net income (loss) per share, basic
  $ (0.35 )   $ (0.42 )   $ 0.44  
                         
Net income (loss) per share from continuing operations, diluted
  $ (0.14 )   $ (0.32 )   $ 0.43  
Net loss per share from discontinued operations, diluted
    (0.21 )     (0.11 )     (0.02 )
Net income (loss) per share, diluted
  $ (0.35 )   $ (0.42 )   $ 0.41  
 
Income Taxes
 
The Company records income taxes using the asset and liability method which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in its financial statements or tax returns. In estimating future tax consequences, all expected future events other than enactments or changes in the tax law or rates are considered. Valuation allowances are provided when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.
 
The Company records tax benefits for income tax positions only if it is “more-likely-than-not” to be sustained based solely on its technical merits as of the reporting date. Management considers many factors when evaluating and estimating tax positions and tax benefits, which may require periodic adjustments and which may differ from actual outcomes. The Company follows a comprehensive model for the financial statement recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in income tax returns. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to tax in income tax expense.
 
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
 
Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 350-20-35-3, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other, provides an entity with the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount.  If an entity determines that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then performing the two-step impairment test is necessary. The Company adopted the amended guidance as of the fourth quarter of 2011. The adoption of the amended guidance did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
 
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
 
ASC Topic 220-10, Comprehensive Income - Presentation of Comprehensive Income, specifies an entity has the option to present the total of comprehensive income, the components of net income, and the components of other comprehensive income either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. Under both options, an entity will be required to present each component of net income along with total net income, each component of other comprehensive income along with a total for other comprehensive income, and a total amount for comprehensive income. The amendments do not affect how earnings per share is calculated or presented. ASC Topic 220-10 is effective for the Company as of January 1, 2012, however certain provisions of the standard relating to the presentation of reclassification adjustments out of accumulated other comprehensive income have been deferred . Although adopting the guidance will not impact the Company’s accounting for comprehensive income, it will affect its presentation of components of comprehensive income by eliminating the Company’s practice of showing these items within the Consolidated Statements of Shareowners’ Equity.
 
ASC Topic 820-10, Fair Value Measurement - Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRSs (International Financial Reporting Standards), clarifies existing fair value measurement and disclosure requirements, amends certain fair value measurement principles and requires additional disclosures about fair value measurements.  Adoption of this provision, which is effective for the Company on January 1, 2012, is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
 
 
F-16

 
 
3. Fair Value of Financial Instruments
 
The Company applies the fair value hierarchy for financial instruments. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The fair value hierarchy is based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last is considered unobservable, that are used to measure fair value:
 
 
Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
 
 
Level 2—Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
 
 
Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. The following table summarizes the basis used to measure certain of the Company’s financial assets that are carried at fair value (in thousands):
 
          Basis of Fair Value Measurement  
   
Balance at December 31, 2011
   
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Items (Level 1)
   
Significant  Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
   
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
 
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 84,525     $ 84,525     $     $  
Restricted certificates of deposit
  $ 1,930     $ 1,930     $     $  
 
         
Basis of Fair Value Measurement
 
   
Balance at December 31, 2010
   
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Items
(Level 1)
   
Significant  Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
   
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
 
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 79,906     $ 79,906     $     $  
Restricted certificates of deposit
  $ 9,009     $ 9,009     $     $  
 
4. Acquisitions
 
Acquisition of ReachLocal Australia
 
On December 21, 2006, the Company and NetUs Pty. Ltd. (“NetUs”) established ReachLocal Australia Pty Ltd. (“ReachLocal Australia”), a 50/50 joint venture, to provide the Company’s online marketing services to the defined territories of Australia and New Zealand. In exchange for its ownership interest and concurrent with the formation of the joint venture, the Company entered into a software license agreement with ReachLocal Australia. Under the terms of the joint venture agreement, the Company was not contractually obligated to provide any funding to ReachLocal Australia. Under the software license agreement, the Company developed and supported proprietary software, similar to its current proprietary software used in the United States, for the exclusive use of ReachLocal Australia for Internet advertising campaigns in the defined territories of Australia and New Zealand (the “Australian Platform”). The Company granted ReachLocal Australia an exclusive perpetual right and license to use the Australian Platform and agreed to provide services required under the agreement within the defined territories.
 
On December 22, 2006, ReachLocal Australia entered into an Executive Equity Participation Agreement with Elysium Corporation Pty Ltd. (“Elysium”). Elysium is the trustee of The Power Family Discretionary Trust, and the agreement was in exchange for the service and employment of Steven Power, Managing Director of ReachLocal Australia. Pursuant to the agreement, Elysium was issued 5% of the outstanding capital stock of ReachLocal Australia and both the Company’s and NetUs’ fully diluted ownership was reduced to 47.5%.
 
On March 13, 2007, the Company and NetUs entered into a first amendment to the software license agreement and a first amendment to the joint venture agreement. Pursuant to the agreement, the Company agreed to provide a credit of $0.3 million towards future upgrades and modifications of the Australian Platform to offset charges otherwise allowed under the software license agreement. In addition, NetUs increased its funding obligation to ReachLocal Australia by an additional $0.8 million up to a maximum of $2.8 million.
 
 
F-17

 
 
ReachLocal Australia had minimal operations in 2006. During 2007, the Company’s proportionate loss in ReachLocal Australia exceeded the carrying value of its investment. Accordingly, the Company recorded a loss in the amount of $0.3 million to reduce the carrying value of the investment in ReachLocal Australia to zero. No additional loss accruals were recorded in 2007 as the Company had no obligation for additional contributions to ReachLocal Australia at that time.
 
On March 25, 2008, the Company and NetUs entered into the second amendment to the joint venture agreement providing that each party would provide additional funding up to Australian $0.9 million for a combined total of Australian $1.8 million to meet the working capital requirements of the business. During 2008, the Company made the required funding payments of Australian $0.9 million and due to continued losses of ReachLocal Australia, the entire commitment was recognized as equity in losses of unconsolidated joint venture in the accompanying 2008 consolidated statement of operations.
 
On September 11, 2009, the Company acquired the remaining interest in ReachLocal Australia for approximately $17.9 million which consisted of the issuance of 598,665 shares of common stock (including 22,000 shares of restricted stock—see Note 9) valued at $10.43 per share (which represented the latest quarterly valuation of the Company’s common stock performed prior to the acquisition date), a cash payment in the amount of $5.8 million and a non-interest bearing deferred payment obligation of $6.1 million, due upon the closing of the Company’s initial public offering. For purposes of determining the Company’s acquisition consideration, management discounted the note to its estimated net present value of $5.9 million. The deferred payment obligation was satisfied upon the closing of the Company’s initial public offering; and the Company recognized both interest expense and an exchange gain related to the obligation. There was no contingent consideration issued in conjunction with the purchase. The assets acquired by the Company include cash, accounts receivable, intangible assets, property, plant and equipment, and other current assets. As a result of this transaction, ReachLocal Australia became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. In conjunction with the acquisition, the Company incurred approximately $0.3 million in costs that are reflected in general and administrative expense in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for 2009.
 
The Company recorded the assets and liabilities acquired at their respective fair values, and the Company recorded a gain of $16.2 million, which represents its share of the excess of fair value over the carrying value of the investment in ReachLocal Australia. The Company did not record a deferred income tax liability associated with the gain since the excess of the amount for financial reporting over the corresponding tax basis is permanent in duration. The following table summarizes the fair value of assets and liabilities acquired (in thousands):
 
Assets acquired:
     
Cash
  $ 2,727  
Property and equipment
    334  
Other current assets (including accounts receivable)
    190  
Intangible assets
    2,300  
Goodwill
    32,388  
Total assets acquired
    37,939  
Liabilities assumed:
       
Accounts payable
    (3,170 )
Deferred revenue
    (615 )
Total fair value of assets and liabilities acquired
  $ 34,154  
 
The acquisition of ReachLocal Australia allows the Company to provide services directly to the Australia and New Zealand markets. This factor contributed to a purchase price in excess of the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired, and, as a result, the Company recorded goodwill in connection with this transaction.
 
The intangible assets acquired consist of customer relationships, which are being amortized over their estimated useful life of three years using the straight line amortization method. At December 31, 2011, the remaining amortization of intangibles is as follows (in thousands):
 
Year ending December 31,
     
2012
  $ 535  
 
Amortization expense for the intangible assets was $0.8 million, $0.8 million, and $0.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009,  respectively. Accumulated amortization for the intangible asset was $1.8 million and $1.0 million as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
 
 
F-18

 
 
Acquisition of SMB:LIVE
 
On February 22, 2010, the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding common stock of SMB:LIVE Corporation (“SMB:LIVE”) for consideration of approximately $8.5 million in cash and stock. SMB:LIVE is a provider of data syndication and social media monitoring products and services to SMBs. With the technology acquired through the SMB:LIVE acquisition, the Company is developing a digital presence and reputation management solution designed to enable an SMB to publish multi-media content from a single interface to a business profile page hosted by the Company as well as to local directory sites, search engines and social media sites, including Twitter and Facebook. In addition, the Company will provide automated monitoring of local review sites, social media sites, and local blogs for references to the SMB or comments related to the SMB’s business to provide an SMB with feedback, alerts and analytics to assist it in managing its online reputation.
 
On the closing date, the Company paid $2.8 million in cash as part of the purchase price. The balance of the consideration (the “Deferred Consideration”) of $5.7 million was payable in cash and stock of the Company and was paid as summarized in the table below  (in thousands):
 
   
Deferred
Cash
Consideration
   
Deferred
Stock
Consideration
   
Total
 
Total Deferred Consideration paid in 2011
  $ 417     $ 2,385     $ 2,802  
Paid on February 22, 2012
    575       2,356       2,931  
Total   992     4,741     5,733  
 
In connection with the acquisition, the Company incurred approximately $0.3 million in costs that are reflected in general and administrative expense in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2010.
 
The Company recorded the assets and liabilities acquired at their respective fair values. The following table summarizes the fair value of assets and liabilities acquired (in thousands):
 
Assets acquired:
     
Cash
  $ 5  
Accounts receivable
    142  
Property and equipment
    39  
Other current assets
    13  
Intangible assets
    2,300  
Goodwill
    1,730  
Total assets acquired
    4,229  
Liabilities assumed:
       
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
    (732 )
Other current liabilities
    (38 )
Deferred tax liability
    (702 )
Total fair value of net assets acquired
  $ 2,759  
 
The intangible assets acquired consist of SMB:LIVE’s developed technology, which is being amortized over its estimated useful life of three years using the straight line method. At December 31, 2011, the remaining amortization of intangibles is as follows (in thousands):
 
Year Ending December 31,
     
2012
  $ 767  
2013
    128  
Total
  $ 895  
 
For the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, amortization expense related to the acquired developed technology was $0.8 million and $0.6 million, respectively.
 
The results of SMB:LIVE’s operations for the period post-acquisition have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Revenue from the acquired legacy products and services are immaterial for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
 
Acquisition of DealOn
 
On February 8, 2011, the Company acquired all of the outstanding member interests of DealOn, LLC (“DealOn”) for consideration of up to approximately $9.6 million in cash and stock. DealOn was a deal commerce company that operated in the United States and provided the Company with a deal commerce platform.
 
 
F-19

 
 
On the closing date, the Company paid $5.8 million in cash and issued 82,878 shares of its common stock, valued at $1.9 million based on fair value of the Company’s stock on the acquisition date. The balance of the purchase price of $2.0 million (the “DealOn Deferred Consideration”) was payable in cash of $1.5 million and in 21,297 shares of the Company’s common stock, and was subject to adjustment under the terms of the acquisition agreement. The following table summarizes the DealOn Deferred Consideration milestone payments as of December 31, 2011, subject to adjustment under the acquisition agreement (in thousands):

   
Deferred Cash Consideration
   
Deferred Stock Consideration
   
Total
 
February 2012
  $ 734     $ 243     $ 977  
August 2012
    367       122       489  
February 2013
    367       122       489  
Total Deferred Consideration
  $ 1,468     $ 487     $ 1,955  

On February 8, 2012, the Company made a deferred payment in the amount of $0.5 million, net of the working capital adjustment and certain other adjustments, and issued 10,649 shares of its common stock.

For purposes of determining the Company’s acquisition consideration, management discounted the DealOn Deferred Consideration to its then present value, or $1.9 million, and recorded this amount at the time of acquisition. The Company has accrued interest on the deferred consideration originally recorded. The Company recorded the acquired assets and liabilities at their respective fair values. The following table summarizes the fair value of assets and liabilities acquired (in thousands):

Assets acquired:
     
Accounts receivable
  $ 41  
Property and equipment
    3  
Other current assets
    15  
Intangible assets
    2,080  
Goodwill
    7,648  
Total assets acquired
    9,787  
Liabilities assumed:
       
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
    (221 )
Total fair value of net assets acquired
  $ 9,566  
 
As of December 31, 2011, the Company had a total deferred payment obligation of $1.8 million, after certain purchase price adjustments, of which $1.4 million is classified as a current liability.  At December 31, 2011, the remaining amortization of DealOn’s intangibles is as follows (in thousands):

Year Ending December 31,
     
2012
  $ 274  
2013
    229  
2014
    24  
Total
  $ 527  
 
As of December 31, 2011, intangible assets included customer relationships and developed technology of $0.5 million (net of accumulated amortization of $0.8 million).  For the year ended December 31, 2011, amortization expense related to the acquired intangibles was $0.8 million. During 2011, the Company recorded a $0.8 million impairment charge to intangible assets related to customer relationships acquired in the DealOn acquistion.  This impairment is recorded in Cost of Revenue and results from a diminution in value attributable to an adjustment in the Company’s business strategy for ReachDeals and the elimination of its dedicated deal  sales force.

In connection with the DealOn acquisition, the Company incurred approximately $0.4 million in costs that are reflected in “general and administrative expense” in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2011.
 
 
F-20

 
 
5. Property and Equipment
 
Property and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands):
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
Computer hardware and software
  $ 9,388     $ 6,873  
Office equipment
    1,383       1,065  
Furniture and fixtures
    3,741       2,632  
Leasehold improvements
    2,865       1,265  
Assets not placed in service
    1,292       309  
      18,669       12,144  
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization
    (8,784 )     (5,613 )
    $ 9,885     $ 6,531  
 
Depreciation expense for property and equipment was $3.2 million, $2.3 million and $1.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
 
6. Software Development Costs
 
Capitalized software development costs consisted of the following (in thousands):
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
Capitalized software development costs
  $ 21,686     $ 14,839  
Accumulated amortization
    (10,744 )     (6,010 )
Capitalized software development costs, net
  $ 10,942     $ 8,829  
 
The Company recorded amortization expense of $4.7 million, $2.6 million and $1.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, $1.2 million and $1.5 million of capitalized software development costs, respectively, are related to projects still in development and are not being amortized.
 
7. Commitments and Contingencies
 
The Company leases office facilities under operating lease agreements that expire at various dates through 2021. The terms of the majority of the Company’s lease agreements provide for rental payments on a graduated basis. The Company recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
 
Rental expense, principally for leased office space under operating lease commitments, was $9.7 million, $6.4 million and $4.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
 
As of December 31, 2011, future minimum payments under cancelable and non-cancelable operating leases are as follows (in thousands):
 
Year Ended December 31,
     
2012
  $ 9,168  
2013
    9,030  
2014
    7,062  
2015
    5,808  
2016
    3,550  
Thereafter
    8,028  
    $ 42,646  
 
Letters of Credit and Restricted Certificates of Deposit
 
As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Company maintained letters of credit totaling $1.3 million and $0.8 million, respectively, to secure its obligations under facility operating lease agreements. The letters of credit are collateralized by restricted certificates of deposit and automatically renew for successive one-year periods over the duration of the lease term. As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Company was required to maintain cash reserve balances of at least $1.3 million and $0.8 million, respectively, to secure these letters of credit. These amounts were classified as restricted certificates of deposit in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
 
 
F-21

 
 
Litigation
 
The Company is subject to various legal proceedings and claims arising in the ordinary course of business. Although occasional adverse decisions or settlements may occur, management believes that the final disposition of such matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

On March 1, 2010, a class action lawsuit was filed by two of the Company’s former employees in California Superior Court in Los Angeles, California. The complaint alleged wage and hour violations in a Fair Labor Standards Act collective action and a California class action. On December 9, 2011, the Court granted final approval of a settlement of the class action for $0.8 million, which together with legal costs resulted in a charge of $0.8 million recorded in fiscal 2010.
 
Deferred Payment Obligations
 
As part of the consideration paid to acquire SMB:LIVE, on February 22, 2011 the Company paid $0.2 million in cash and issued 90,062 shares of its common stock, on August 22, 2011 paid $0.3 million in cash and issued 93,346 shares of its common stock, and on February 22, 2012 paid $0.6 million in cash and issued 181,224 shares of its common stock (see Notes 4 and 9). The February 22, 2012 payment represented the final payment of deferred consideration in connection with the SMB:LIVE acquisition.
 
 As part of the February 8, 2011 acquisition of DealOn, on February 8, 2012, the Company paid $0.5 million in cash and issued 10,649 shares of its common stock. The Company remains obligated to pay up to approximately $0.7 million in cash and issue 10,649 shares of its common stock, subject to adjustment under the terms of the acquisition agreement (see Note 4).

See Note 8 “Stockholder’s Equity” for information on the Company’s stock repurchase program.
 
8. Stockholder’s Equity
 
Common Stock
 
At December 31, 2011, there were 140,000,000 shares of common stock authorized. At December 31, 2011 and 2010, there were 28,551,925 and 28,165,023 shares, respectively, issued and outstanding. Holders of common stock are entitled to dividends if and when declared by the board of directors.
 
Initial Public Offering
 
On May 19, 2010, the Company issued 3,941,103 shares of common stock, including shares from the exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase 625,000 shares, at a price of $13.00 per share, raising proceeds to the Company of $42.0 million, net of underwriting discounts and commissions and offering costs.
 
Upon the completion of the initial public offering, the Company amended and restated its certificate of incorporation to authorize the Company to issue up to 140,000,000 shares of common stock, at $0.00001 par value per share.
 
Convertible Preferred Stock
 
Upon the completion of the initial public offering, all of the then outstanding shares of convertible preferred stock were converted to 16,712,120 shares of common stock with a par value of $0.00001 per share.
 
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
 
In February 2004, the Company issued 813,955 shares of Series A convertible preferred stock (“Series A preferred stock”) at $0.61 per share, resulting in gross proceeds of approximately $500,000. In May 2004, the Company amended its certificate of incorporation to increase the authorized shares of the Series A preferred stock to 1,221,120 shares. This issuance resulted in an additional 407,165 shares of Series A preferred stock for gross proceeds of approximately $250,000.
 
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock
 
In June 2004, the Company issued 3,615,330 shares of Series B-1 convertible preferred stock (“Series B-1 preferred stock”) at $0.55 per share and 5,271,980 shares of Series B-2 convertible preferred stock (“Series B-2 preferred stock”) at $0.95 per share. The gross proceeds approximated $2,000,000 and $4,984,000 for the Series B-1 preferred stock and B-2 preferred stock.
 
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock
 
In June 2006, the Company issued 2,221,890 shares of Series C convertible preferred stock (“Series C preferred stock”) at $1.35 per share, resulting in gross proceeds of approximately $3,000,000. In September 2006, the Company issued an additional 1,481,260 shares of Series C preferred stock at $1.35 per share, resulting in gross proceeds for approximately $2,000,000.
 
 
F-22

 
 
Series D Convertible Preferred Stock
 
In September 2007, the Company issued 5,974,612 shares of Company’s Series D convertible preferred stock (“Series D preferred stock”) at $9.23 per share, resulting in gross proceeds of approximately $55,122,000. In conjunction with the Series D financing, the Company repurchased 1,978,000 shares of common stock and 1,666,418 shares of Series C convertible preferred stock for a net of $32,416,000. Immediately following the close of the Series D financing, 1,666,417 shares of Series C convertible preferred stock converted into 1,666,417 shares of common stock, leaving 370,315 shares of Series C outstanding.
 
Reserved shares
 
In conjunction with the acquisition of SMB:LIVE, the Company issued 181,224 shares of its common stock on February 22, 2012.
 
In conjunction with the acquisition of DealOn, the Company is obligated to issue up to 21,297 shares of its common stock, subject to adjustment under the terms of the acquisition agreement (see Note 4).
 
Warrants
 
In 2007, the Company issued a warrant to purchase 76,137 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $9.23 per share which contained a net exercise provision. In connection with the public offering, in May 2010, the holder exercised the warrant on a net exercise basis and received 22,102 shares of the Company’s common stock.
 
In November 2009, the Company issued a warrant to a consultant to purchase up to 15,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $10.91 per share, which expires in November 2014. Because the warrant has a performance condition that had not been satisfied as of December 31, 2009, no cost was recorded in the financial statements in 2009. As of December 31, 2011, there was $33,000 of unrecognized stock-based compensation related to the warrant.
 
Common Stock Repurchases
 
On November 4, 2011, the Company announced that its Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $20.0 million of the Company’s outstanding common stock. At December 31, 2011, the Company had executed repurchases of $6.7 million of its common stock under the program. From January 1, 2012 to March 9, 2012, the Company executed repurchases of an additional $2.6 million of its common stock under the program. Purchases may be made from time-to-time in open market or privately negotiated transactions as determined by the Company’s management. The amount and timing of the share repurchase will depend on business and market conditions, stock price, trading restrictions, acquisition activity, and other factors. The share repurchase program does not obligate the Company to acquire any particular amount of common stock, and the repurchase program may be suspended or discontinued at any time at the Company’s discretion.
 
9. Stock-Based Compensation
 
Stock Option Plans
 
On April 21, 2004, the Company adopted the 2004 Stock Plan (the “2004 Plan”), as amended. Grants under the 2004 Plan may be incentive stock options or nonqualified stock options or awards. The 2004 Plan is administered by the Company’s board of directors, which has the authority to designate participants and determine the number and type of awards to be granted, the time at which awards are exercisable, the method of payment and any other terms or conditions of the awards. The vesting of these awards vary subject to the participant’s period of future service, or otherwise at the discretion of the Company’s board of directors. The majority of awards vest over four years and have a term of 10 years. There were no shares available for grant under the 2004 Plan as of December 31, 2011 and 2010.
 
On July 1, 2008, the Company adopted the 2008 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2008 Plan”) and retired the 2004 Plan. Options outstanding under the 2004 Plan are unaffected by the retirement of the 2004 Plan. The aggregate number of shares of the Company’s common stock available for issuance pursuant to awards granted under the 2008 Plan is equal to the sum of (x) 5,471,350 plus (y) any shares of the Company’s common stock subject to awards under the 2004 Plan that terminate, expire or lapse for any reason or are settled in cash after the date the 2008 Plan originally became effective, and (z) an annual increase in shares on the first day of each year beginning in 2011 and ending in 2018. The annual increase will be equal to the lesser of (A) 2,500,000 shares (as adjusted for stock splits, stock combinations, stock dividends and similar matters), (B) 4.5% of the Company’s common stock outstanding on the last day of the prior year or (C) such smaller number of shares as may be determined by the Board. The 2008 Plan is administered by the Company’s Compensation Committee, which has the authority to designate participants and determine the number and type of awards to be granted, the time at which awards are exercisable, the method of payment and any other terms or conditions of the awards. The vesting of these awards vary subject to the participant’s period of future service, or otherwise at the discretion of the Compensation Committee. The majority of awards issued under the 2008 Plan vest over four years and have a term of seven years. There were 686,103 and 735,620 shares available for grant under the 2008 Plan as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. On January 1, 2012, an additional 1,284,837 shares were added to the pool under the evergreen provision.
 
 
F-23

 
 
The following table summarizes vested and unvested options activity as follows (number of shares in thousands):
 
   
All Options
   
Vested Options
   
Unvested Options
 
   
Shares
   
Weighted Average Exercise Price
   
Shares
   
Weighted Average Exercise Price
   
Shares
   
Weighted Average Exercise Price
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2008
    4,308     $ 7.03       1,326     $ 2.41       2,982     $ 9.09  
Granted
    1,323       11.21       66       10.91       1,257       11.22  
Options vesting
                1,189       8.43       (1,189 )     8.43  
Exercised
    (76 )     0.65       (76 )     0.65              
Forfeited
    (159 )     9.89       (32 )     10.14       (127 )     9.83  
                                                 
Outstanding at December 31, 2009
    5,396       8.04       2,473       5.55       2,923       10.19  
Granted
    1,631       13.56       10       13.00       1,621       13.56  
Options vesting
                1,324       9.50       (1,324 )     9.50  
Exercised
    (536 )     2.07       (536 )     2.07              
Forfeited
    (256 )     11.43       (24 )     10.67       (232 )     11.51  
                                                 
Outstanding at December 31, 2010
    6,235       9.88       3,247       7.58       2,988       12.45  
Granted
    1,713       19.58       1       20.98       1,712       19.58  
Options vesting
                1,322       11.87       (1,322 )     11.87  
Exercised
    (938 )     5.83       (938 )     5.83              
Forfeited
    (495 )     18.07       (161 )     10.46       (334 )     22.88  
                                                 
Outstanding at December 31, 2011
    6,515     $ 12.63       3,471     $ 9.72       3,044     $ 15.96  
 
The assumptions utilized for purposes of the Black-Scholes pricing model are summarized as follows:
 
 
Volatility—As the Company has limited trading history for its common stock, the expected stock price volatility was estimated by taking the median historic price volatility for industry peers based on daily price observations over a period equivalent to the expected term of the stock option grants. Industry peers consist of several public companies in the technology industry similar in size, stage of life cycle and financial leverage. Management did not rely on implied volatilities of traded options in its industry peers’ common stock because the volume of activity was relatively low.
 
 
Expected term—The expected term was estimated using the simplified method allowed under Securities and Exchange Commission Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107, Share-Based Payment. Management uses this method because it has limited historical data to estimate future terms and it is unable to obtain objective, measurable and comparative historical data of comparable companies.
 
 
Risk free rate—The risk free interest rate is based on the yields of U.S. Treasury securities with maturities similar to the expected term of the options for each option group.
 
 
Dividend yield—The Company has never declared or paid any cash dividends and does not presently plan to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Consequently, management used an expected dividend yield of zero.
 
In addition, management estimates the forfeiture rate based on its historical experience with forfeitures and reviews estimated forfeiture rates each period-end, and makes changes as factors affecting the forfeiture rate calculations and assumptions change.
 
The following table summarizes the weighted average assumptions used to estimate the fair value of stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009.
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
 
Expected dividend yield
    0 %     0 %     0 %
Risk-free interest rate
    1.88 %     1.91 %     2.16 %
Expected life (in years)
    4.75       4.75       4.73  
Expected volatility
    57 %     56 %     55 %
Weighted average fair value per share
  $ 9.65     $ 6.55     $ 3.66  
 
 
F-24

 
 
The weighted average remaining contractual life of all options outstanding as of December 31, 2011 and 2010 was 4.99 years and 5.45 years, respectively. Furthermore, the aggregate intrinsic value of all options outstanding as of December 31, 2011 and 2010 was $3.0 million and $62.5 million, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value of options vested and exercisable at December 31, 2011 and 2010 was $2.9 million and $40.6 million, respectively, based on the fair value of the Company’s common stock. The remaining contractual life for options vested and exercisable at December 31, 2011 was 4.36 years. The per share weighted average grant date fair value of unvested options as of December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 was $7.50, $5.12 and $3.66, respectively. The per-share weighted average grant date fair value of options vested during 2011 and 2010 was $4.59 and $2.81, respectively. The total fair value of shares vested during the year ended 2011 and 2010 was $6.1 million and $3.7 million, respectively. The per-share weighted average grant date fair value of options forfeited during 2011 and 2010 was $8.10 and $4.61, respectively.
 
Prior to the initial public offering, the Company computed the aggregate intrinsic value amounts based on the difference between the original exercise price of the options and the fair value of common stock, which was $13.04 at December 31, 2009. Since the initial public offering, the Company has computed the aggregate intrinsic value amounts based on the difference between the original exercise price and the closing market price on the day of the exercise. The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the year ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 was $14.2 million, $6.7 million and $0.5 million, respectively.
 
The options outstanding and vested and exercisable as of December 31, 2011 have been segregated into ranges for additional disclosure as follows (number of options in thousands):
 
     
Options Outstanding
     
Options Vested and Exercisable
 
 
Range of Exercise Prices (in dollars)
   
Number
   
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life
(in years)
    Weighted Average Exercise Price     Number     Weighted Average Exercise Price  
$0.00 - $5.00
    524       4.67     $ 0.66       478     $ 0.66  
$5.01 - $10.00
    693       5.35       9.23       442       9.23  
$10.01 - $15.00
    3,786       4.44       11.41       2,507       11.41  
$15.01 - $20.00
    459       6.64       17.04       44       17.04  
$20.01 - $25.00
    833       6.13       20.98             20.98  
$25.01 - $30.00
    220       6.33       25.51             25.51  
      6,515       4.99     $ 12.63       3,471     $ 9.72  
 
Restricted Stock Units
 
The Company may issue restricted stock units in conjunction with acquisitions and long-term employee incentive programs.  In 2011 and 2010, we issued 94,000 and 135,000 restricted stock units, respectively, with vesting periods of 4 years. In conjunction with the purchase of ReachLocal Australia in 2009 (Note 4), the Company issued 22,000 shares of restricted stock units to employees of ReachLocal Australia. These restricted stock units vest ratably over service periods ranging from two to three years. Stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock units was not significant for 2011, 2010, and 2009.
 
The following table summarizes the activity of restricted stock agreements (in thousands):
 
   
Restricted
Stock Units
   
Vested
   
Unvested
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2008
    2,506       2,191       315  
Vested
          230       (230 )
Repurchase of restricted stock
    22             22  
Outstanding at December 31, 2009
    2,528       2,421       107  
Vested
          114       (114 )
Cancellations
    (1 )           (1 )
Issuance of restricted stock
    135             135  
Outstanding at December 31, 2010
    2,662       2,535       127  
Vested
          47       (47 )
Cancellations
    (43 )           (43 )
Issuance of restricted stock
    94       8       86  
Outstanding at December 31, 2011
    2,713       2,590       123  
 
 
F-25

 
 
Deferred Stock Consideration
 
As part of the consideration paid to acquire SMB:LIVE, on February 22, 2011 the Company paid $0.2 million in cash and issued 90,062 shares of its common stock, on August 22, 2011 paid $0.3 million in cash and issued 93,346 shares of its common stock, and on February 22, 2012 paid $0.6 million in cash and issued 181,224 shares of its common stock (see Notes 4, 9 and 15). The February 22, 2012 payment represented the final payment of deferred consideration in connection with the SMB:LIVE acquisition.
 
 As part of the February 8, 2011 acquisition of DealOn, on February 8, 2012, the Company paid $0.5 million in cash and issued 10,649 shares of its common stock. The Company remains obligated to pay up to approximately $0.7 million in cash and issue 10,648 shares of its common stock, subject to adjustment under the terms of the acquisition agreement (see Note 4).
 
Stock-based compensation expense
 
In conjunction with the Company’s stock option plan, restricted shares and reserved shares issuable in connection with SMB:LIVE, the Company records stock-based compensation expense net of capitalized stock-based compensation in association with software development costs. The following table summarizes stock-based compensation (in thousands):
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
 
Stock-based compensation
  $ 9,525     $ 7,579     $ 3,109  
Less: Capitalized stock-based compensation
    1,144       1,906       195  
Stock-based compensation expense, net
  $ 8,381     $ 5,673     $ 2,914  
 
Stock-based compensation, net of capitalization, is included in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations, within the following captions (in thousands):
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
 
Stock compensation, net of capitalization
                 
Cost of revenue
  $ 200     $ 244     $ 86  
Selling and marketing
    1,402       1,202       566  
Product and technology
    1,387       1,104       117  
General and administrative
    5,392       3,123       2,145  
    $ 8,381     $ 5,673     $ 2,914  
 
As of December 31, 2011, there was $20.3 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation related to restricted stock, outstanding stock options, and SMB:LIVE deferred stock consideration, net of estimated forfeitures. This amount is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.4 years. Future stock-based compensation for these awards may differ in the event actual forfeitures deviate from management’s estimates.
 
10. Income Taxes
 
The components of income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes were (in thousands):
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
 
                   
United States
  $ (1,532 )   $ (6,238 )   $ 12,632  
Foreign
    (1,702 )     (2,605 )     (1,792 )
    $ (3,234 )   $ (8,843 )   $ 10,840  
 
The provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, consists primarily of minimum state and foreign income taxes payable in the various jurisdictions in which the Company operates. In 2010, the Company recorded a one-time $0.7 million discrete deferred tax benefit related to the acquisition of SMB:LIVE. 
 
 
F-26

 
 
Significant components of the provision (benefit) for income taxes are as follows (in thousands):

   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
 
Current:
                 
Federal
  $     $     $  
State
    205       64       217  
Foreign
    345       96        
      550       160       217  
Deferred:
                       
Federal
    509       (1,968 )     759  
State
    769       (193 )     118  
Foreign
    (1,618 )     (101 )     (2,018 )
      (340 )     (2,262 )     (1,141 )
Valuation allowance
    525       1,562       1,141  
    $ 735     $ (540 )   $ 217  
 
The provision for income taxes differs from the amount computed by applying the federal statutory income tax rate to income before income taxes as follows (in thousands):
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
 
Income tax benefit at the federal statutory rate (34%)
  $ (1,100 )   $ (3,007 )   $ 3,686  
State income tax benefit, net of federal tax benefit
    643       (225 )     334  
Foreign income taxes, net
    (43 )     (372 )     (809 )
Non-deductible stock-based compensation
    345       2,169       1,019  
Gain on acquisition of ReachLocal Australia
                (5,516 )
Acquisition of SMB:LIVE
          (702 )      
Change in valuation allowance
    525       1,562       1,141  
Other
    365       35       362  
    $ 735     $ (540 )   $ 217  

The components of deferred income tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in thousands):
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
Deferred tax assets:
           
Vacation accrual
  $ 527     $ 700  
Allowance for doubtful accounts
    148       151  
Accrued expenses
    850       1,071  
Deferred rent
    928       692  
State taxes
    70       22  
Intangible assets
    965        
Other
          76  
Net operating loss carryforward
    12,495       8,944  
Gross deferred tax assets
    15,983       11,656  
Less: valuation allowance
    (10,427 )     (7,386 )
Net deferred tax assets
    5,556       4,270  
Deferred tax liabilities:
               
Intangible assets
          (1,064 )
Capitalized software
    (2,671 )     (1,186 )
Depreciation
    (3,070 )     (2,020 )
Net deferred tax liability
  $ (185 )   $  
 
 
F-27

 
 
In accounting for the acquisition of ReachLocal Australia, the Company recorded intangible assets and adjustments to deferred revenue that resulted in additional temporary differences and the recorded deferred tax liability of $0.8 million. As a result, the Company also reflects a net deferred tax asset of the same amount to recognize a portion of the tax attributes acquired. Absent additional evidence of future realizability, the Company will increase the valuation allowance against such deferred tax assets as the temporary differences and related deferred tax liability are reduced through the amortization of the amounts recorded in the purchase accounting.
 
The following table summarizes the Company’s net operating loss carry-forwards as of December 31, 2011:
 
Net operating loss:
 
Balance at
December 31, 2011
(in thousands)
   
Beginning Expiration Year
 
Federal
  $ 20,862     2024  
State
    15,951    
Various jurisdictions from 2013 to 2029
 
Foreign
    11,841    
Generally do not expire, but are subject to certain limitations
 
 
Due to the Company’s history of operating losses, there is substantial uncertainty surrounding whether the Company will ultimately realize its deferred tax assets. Accordingly, these tax assets have been fully reserved as of December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009.

U.S. income and foreign withholding taxes have not been recognized on the excess of the amount for financial reporting over the tax basis of investments in foreign subsidiaries that are essentially permanent in duration. This amount becomes taxable upon a repatriation of assets from the subsidiary or a sale or liquidation of the subsidiary. The amount of such temporary differences totaled $18.7 million as of December 31, 2011, which included $16.2 million of non-cash gain discussed below. Determination of the amount of any unrecognized deferred income tax liability on this temporary difference is not practicable because of the complexities of the hypothetical calculation.
 
In 2009, the Company recorded a non-cash gain of $16.2 million in conjunction with the acquisition of ReachLocal Australia (see Note 4). As the Company intends to hold its investment in ReachLocal Australia permanently, the Company did not recognize a provision for income taxes on the gain or the resulting temporary difference. However, should the Company later sell or liquidate its interest in ReachLocal Australia, it would recognize an estimated tax provision of $6.1 million on the untaxed amount.At December 31, 2011, the Company had gross unrecognized tax benefits of approximately $2.1 million. Of this total, approximately $0.1 million would affect the Company’s effective tax rate if recognized. The Company classifies liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits for which it does not anticipate payment or receipt of cash within one year in non-current other liabilities.
 
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of gross unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in thousands):
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
 
Unrecognized tax benefits – beginning balance
  $ 2,000     $ 2,000     $ 2,000  
Gross increases – tax positions taken in prior period
    100              
Unrecognized tax benefits – ending balance
  $ 2,100     $ 2,000     $ 2,000  
 
The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. During the year ended December 31, 2011, the Company recognized and accrued approximately $0.1 million of interest at December 31, 2011.
 
The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and in various state and foreign jurisdictions. The Company’s income tax returns since inception are open to examination by federal, state, and foreign tax authorities.
 
In August of 2010, the Internal Revenue Service initiated an examination of the Company’s U.S. consolidated 2008 income tax return that was finalized in March 2011 with no proposed adjustments.
 
The Company does not expect significant changes to the unrecognized tax benefits in the next 12 months.
 
11. 401(k) Plan
 
In February 2007, the Company established a defined contribution savings plan under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. The plan is available to all full-time employees and allows participants to defer a portion of their annual compensation on a pre-tax basis. The Company may contribute to the plan at the discretion of its board of directors. No contributions have been made to the plan during the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009.
 
 
F-28

 
 
12. Related Party Transactions
 
On May 18, 2009, the Company was a party to stock purchase agreements pursuant to which certain holders of more than 5% of the Company’s capital stock purchased additional shares of the Company’s common stock from certain of the Company’s directors and executive officers and other stockholders. The Company’s participation in these transactions was limited to the approval of these transfers by the disinterested members of the board of directors, waiver of certain rights of first refusal with respect to the shares being sold, making certain representations and warranties relating to the Company’s approval of these transactions and valid issuance of the shares being sold as well as to perform various administrative functions associated with these transfers. In 2009, a loan receivable of $0.2 million related to an earlier purchase of shares from one of the Company’s officers, which together with accrued interest totaled approximately $0.2 million, was forgiven in full. In addition to forgiving his loan, the Company agreed to pay the officer approximately $0.1 million to defray the costs associated with the taxation on the forgiveness of his debt.
 
In September 2009, as part of the ReachLocal Australia acquisition, the Company assumed $0.1 million of loan receivables from Company stockholders. The balance of these loans was $0.1 million and $0.1 million at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively and is classified as a component of stockholders equity on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
 
13. Segment Information
 
Management has determined that it operates in one segment in accordance with ASC 280, Segment Reporting, as it only reports profit and loss information on an aggregate basis to its chief executive officer, who is the Company’s chief operating decision maker.
 
Revenue by geographic region with respect to the Direct Local channel and National Brands is based on the physical location of the sales office, and with respect to Agencies and Resellers, is based on the physical location of the agency or reseller. The following summarizes revenue by geographic region (in thousands):
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
 
Revenue:
                 
North America
  $ 289,249     $ 241,696     $ 189,467  
International
    85,992       49,993       13,650  
    $ 375,241     $ 291,689     $ 203,117  
Long Lived Assets:
                       
North America
  $ 8,159     $ 6,800          
International
    4,757       1,649          
    $ 12,916     $ 8,449          
 
The results of the Australia geographic region for the post-acquisition period beginning September 11, 2009 have been included in the Company’s consolidated  financial statements and include revenues of $56.2 million, $32.7 million, and $6.1 million in 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Long-lived assets of the Australia geographic region were $2.4 million and $1.1 million at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
 
14. Discontinued Operations

On November 1, 2011, the Company announced that it would wind down the operations of Bizzy due to insufficient consumer adoption of the Bizzy recommendation engine and determined that Bizzy would be considered a discontinued operation as of the third quarter of 2011. In connection with this decision, the Company recorded a charge of $4.0 million in 2011 to reflect the impairment of capitalized software development costs, personnel and severance costs, operating losses, facilities and other costs.
 
 
F-29

 
 
15. Quarterly Information (Unaudited)
 
The following table sets forth unaudited quarterly financial data for the four quarters of each of 2011 and 2010. As a result of the winding down of the operations of Bizzy, management has reclassified and presented all related historical financial information as “discontinued operations” in the accompanying Consolidated Balances Sheets, Consolidated Statements of Operations and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
 
   
Dec 31,
2011
   
Sept 30,
2011
   
June 30,
2011
   
Mar 31,
2011
   
Dec 31,
2010
   
Sept 30,
2010
   
June 30,
2010
   
Mar 31,
2010
 
Revenue
  $ 99,802     $ 98,629     $ 92,752     $ 84,058     $ 80,580     $ 77,121     $ 70,362     $ 63,626  
Cost of revenue
  $ 49,196     $ 50,265     $ 46,598     $ 44,500     $ 43,560     $ 42,172     $ 38,447     $ 34,839  
Income (loss) from continuing operations, net of income taxes
  $ 308     $ (1,329 )   $ (276 )   $ (2,672 )   $ (2,806 )   $ (1,915 )   $ (1,833 )   $ (1,749 )
Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes
  $ (1,495 )   $ (3,272 )   $ (673 )   $ (775 )   $ (822 )   $ (956 )   $ (561 )   $ (505 )
Net loss available to common stockholders
  $ (1,187 )   $ (4,601 )   $ (949 )   $ (3,447 )   $ (3,628 )   $ (2,871 )   $ (2,394 )   $ (2,254 )
                                                                 
Net income (loss) per share from continuing operations, basic
  $ 0.01     $ (0.05 )   $ (0.01 )   $ (0.09 )   $ (0.10 )   $ (0.07 )   $ (0.07 )   $ (0.07 )
Loss per share from discontinued operations, basic
    (0.05 )     (0.11 )     (0.02 )     (0.03 )     (0.03 )     (0.03 )     (0.02 )     (0.02 )
Net loss per share, basic
  $ (0.04 )   $ (0.16 )   $ (0.03 )   $ (0.12 )   $ (0.13 )   $ (0.10 )   $ (0.09 )   $ (0.10 )
                                                                 
Net income (loss) per share from continuing operations, diluted
  $ 0.01     $ (0.05 )   $ (0.01 )   $ (0.09 )   $ (0.10 )   $ (0.07 )   $ (0.07 )   $ (0.07 )
Loss per share from discontinued operations, diluted
    (0.05 )     (0.11 )     (0.02 )     (0.03 )     (0.03 )     (0.03 )     (0.02 )     (0.02 )
Net loss per share, diluted
  $ (0.04 )   $ (0.16 )   $ (0.03 )   $ (0.12 )   $ (0.13 )   $ (0.10 )   $ (0.09 )   $ (0.10 )
 
 
F-30

 
 
 (3) Exhibits
 
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit
No.
  
 
Description of Document
   
  3.01
  
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of ReachLocal, Inc., dated May 19, 2010 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.01 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 (File No. 001-34749) filed with the SEC on March 28, 2011)
   
  3.02
  
Amended and Restated Bylaws of ReachLocal, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.02 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 (File No. 001-34749) filed with the SEC on March 28, 2011)
   
  4.01
  
Form of ReachLocal, Inc. Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.01 of the Company’s Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-163905) filed with the SEC on April 27, 2010)
   
  4.02
  
Second Amended and Restated Investors’ Rights Agreement, by and among ReachLocal, Inc., the Investors listed on Exhibit A, Exhibit B, Exhibit C and Exhibit D thereto, and the Founders listed on Exhibit E thereto, dated as of September 17, 2007 and as amended as of July 1, 2008, May 14, 2009, and May 18, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.02 of the Company’s Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-163905) filed with the SEC on February 2, 2010)
   
  4.03
  
Stockholders Agreement, by and between ReachLocal, Inc. and NetUs Pty Limited ACN 117 674 030, dated as of September 11, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.03 of the Company’s Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-163905) filed with the SEC on February 2, 2010)
     
10.01*
  
Indemnification Agreement entered into by and between ReachLocal, Inc. and Zorik Gordon (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.01 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 ((File No. 001-34749) filed with the SEC on March 28, 2011)
     
10.02*
  
Indemnification Agreement entered into by and between ReachLocal, Inc. and David Carlick (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.02 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 ((File No. 001-34749) filed with the SEC on March 28, 2011)
     
10.03*
  
Indemnification Agreement entered into by and between ReachLocal, Inc. and Robert Dykes (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.03 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 ((File No. 001-34749) filed with the SEC on March 28, 2011)
     
10.04*
  
Indemnification Agreement entered into by and between ReachLocal, Inc. and James Geiger (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.04 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 ((File No. 001-34749) filed with the SEC on March 28, 2011)
     
10.05*
  
Indemnification Agreement entered into by and between ReachLocal, Inc. and Habib Kairouz (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.05 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 ((File No. 001-34749) filed with the SEC on March 28, 2011)
     
10.06*
  
Indemnification Agreement entered into by and between ReachLocal, Inc. and Alan Salzman (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.06 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 ((File No. 001-34749) filed with the SEC on March 28, 2011)
     
10.07*
  
Indemnification Agreement entered into by and between ReachLocal, Inc. and Nathan Hanks (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.08 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 ((File No. 001-34749) filed with the SEC on March 28, 2011)
     
10.08*
  
Indemnification Agreement entered into by and between ReachLocal, Inc. and Michael Kline (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.09 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 ((File No. 001-34749) filed with the SEC on March 28, 2011)
     
10.09*
  
Indemnification Agreement entered into by and between ReachLocal, Inc. and Ross G. Landsbaum (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 ((File No. 001-34749) filed with the SEC on March 28, 2011)
     
10.10*
 
Indemnification Agreement entered into by and between ReachLocal, Inc. and Jeffrey L. Hagins (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 ((File No. 001-34749) filed with the SEC on March 28, 2011)
   
10.11*
  
Offer Letter between ReachLocal, Inc. and Zorik Gordon, dated May 14, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 of the Company’s Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-163905) filed with the SEC on February 2, 2010)
   
10.12*
  
Offer Letter between ReachLocal, Inc. and Michael Kline, dated May 14, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 of the Company’s Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-163905) filed with the SEC on February 2, 2010)
 
 
 

 
 
Exhibit
No.
  Description of Document
     
10.13*
  
Offer of Employment by and between ReachLocal, Inc. and Ross G. Landsbaum, dated as of May 30, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 of the Company’s Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-163905) filed with the SEC on February 2, 2010)
     
10.14*
  
Offer of Employment by and between ReachLocal, Inc. and Nathan Hanks, dated as of May 6, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 of the Company’s Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-163905) filed with the SEC on February 2, 2010)
     
10.15*
 
Offer of Employment by and between ReachLocal, Inc. and Jeffrey L. Hagins, dated August 23, 2010 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 ((File No. 001-34749) filed with the SEC on March 28, 2011)
     
10.16*
  
Amendment to Offer Letter between ReachLocal, Inc. and Zorik Gordon, dated February 22, 2010 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 of the Company’s Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-163905) filed with the SEC on April 27, 2010)
     
10.17*
  
Amendment to Offer Letter between ReachLocal, Inc. and Michael Kline, dated February 22, 2010 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 of the Company’s Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-163905) filed with the SEC on April 27, 2010)
     
10.18*
  
Amendment to Offer of Employment between ReachLocal, Inc. and Nathan Hanks, dated February 22, 2010 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 of the Company’s Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-163905) filed with the SEC on April 27, 2010)
   
10.19*
  
Form of Amended and Restated Restricted Stock Purchase Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 of the Company’s Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-163905) filed with the SEC on February 2, 2010)
   
10.20*
  
Share Purchase Agreement, by and among ReachLocal, Inc. and the Persons listed on Annex A thereto, dated as of September 11, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 of the Company’s Amendment No. 2 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-163905) filed with the SEC on February 24, 2010)
   
10.21*
  
ReachLocal, Inc. Incentive Bonus Plan, effective as of February 21, 2010 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 of the Company’s Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-163905) filed with the SEC on April 27, 2010)
   
10.22*
  
ReachLocal, Inc. Director Stock Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 of the Company’s Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-163905) filed with the SEC on April 27, 2010)
   
10.23*
  
2009 Executive Bonus Plan, effective as of January 1, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.08 of the Company’s Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-163905) filed with the SEC on February 2, 2010)
   
10.24*
  
ReachLocal, Inc. Change in Control and Severance Policy for Senior Management, effective as of February 21, 2010 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.09 of the Company’s Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-163905) filed with the SEC on April 27, 2010)
   
10.25*
  
ReachLocal, Inc. 2004 Stock Plan, adopted April 21, 2004, as amended as of April 8, 2005, July 31, 2006 and September 17, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.04 of the Company’s Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-163905) filed with the SEC on February 2, 2010)
   
10.26*
  
Amended and Restated ReachLocal, Inc. 2008 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.34 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 (File No. 001-34749) filed with the SEC on March 28, 2011)
   
10.27*
  
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement
   
10.28*
  
Form of Stock Option Agreement
   
10.29*
 
Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement
 
   
10.30*
  
Form of Stock Option Agreement (Regulation D Early Exercise) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.06 of the Company’s Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-163905) filed with the SEC on February 2, 2010)
     
10.31*
  
Form of Stock Option Agreement (Rule 701) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.07 to the Company’s Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-163905) filed with the SEC on February 2, 2010)
 
10.32*
 
Form of Non-Employee Director Stock Option Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2011 (File No. 001-34749) filed with the SEC on August 4, 2011)
 
 
 

 
 
Exhibit
No.
   
Description of Document
     
10.33
  
Lease Agreement, dated as of June 2, 2006, between ReachLocal, Inc. and CB Parkway Business Center, Ltd., as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.02 of the Company’s Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-163905) filed with the SEC on February 2, 2010)
     
10.34
  
Office Lease, dated as of August 30, 2006, by and between ReachLocal, Inc. and Douglas Emmett 2000, LLC, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.03 of the Company’s Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-163905) filed with the SEC on April 27, 2010)
     
10.35
  
Second Amendment to Office Lease, dated as of September 1, 2010, between Douglas Emmett 2000, LLC, as Landlord and ReachLocal, Inc., as Tenant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2010 (File No. 001-34749) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 4, 2010)
     
10.36
 
Third Amendment to Office Lease, dated as of July 22, 2011, between Douglas Emmett 2000, LLC, as Landlord and ReachLocal, Inc., as Tenant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2011 (File No. 001-34749) filed with the SEC on November 7, 2011)
     
10.37
 
Lease Agreement, dated as of February 2, 2010,  among ARI – International Business Park, LLC, ARI- IBP 1, LLC, ARI - IBP 2, LLC, ARI - IBP 3, LLC, ARI - IBP 4, LLC, ARI - IBP 5, LLC, ARI - IBP 6, LLC, ARI - IBP 7, LLC, ARI - IBP 8, LLC, ARI - IBP 9, LLC, ARI - IBP 11, LLC, and ARI - IBP 12, LLC, acting by and through Billingsley Property Services, Inc., as agent for Landlord, and ReachLocal, Inc., as amended
     
10.38
 
Google Inc. AdWords Reseller Addendum, dated April 25, 2011, between ReachLocal, Inc. and Google Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2011 (File No. 001-34749) filed with the SEC on May 16, 2011)
     
10.39
 
Amendment to the Google Inc. AdWords Reseller Addendum, dated November 1, 2011, between ReachLocal, Inc. and Google Inc.
     
10.40
 
Google AdWords Reseller Agreement, dated May 9, 2011, between ReachLocal Netherlands B.V. and Google Ireland Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2011 (File No. 001-34749) filed with the SEC on May 16, 2011)
   
21.01
  
List of subsidiaries of ReachLocal, Inc.
   
23.01
  
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, Grant Thornton LLP
   
24.01
  
Power of Attorney (included on signature page to this Annual Report on Form 10-K)
   
31.01
  
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
   
31.02
  
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
   
32.01
  
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
   
32.02
  
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
101.INS**
XBRL Instance Document
   
101.SCH**
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
   
101.CAL**
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
   
101.DEF**
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
   
101.LAB**
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
   
101.PRE**
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

*
Indicates management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.
   
**
XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) information is furnished and not filed herewith, is not a part of a registration statement or Prospectus for purposes of sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, is deemed not filed for purposes of section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and otherwise is not subject to liability under these sections.
 
 
 

 
 
SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, as of March 15, 2012.
 
 
REACHLOCAL, INC.
 
       
 
By:
/s/ Zorik Gordon
 
  Name:
Zorik Gordon
 
  Title:
Chief Executive Officer
 
 
 
POWER OF ATTORNEY
 
Each person whose individual signature appears below hereby authorizes and appoints Zorik Gordon and Ross G. Landsbaum, and each of them, with full power of substitution and resubstitution and full power to act without the other, as his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent to act in his or her name, place and stead and to execute in the name and on behalf of each person, individually and in each capacity stated below, solely for the purposes of filing any and all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing, ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents or any of them or their or his substitute or substitutes may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue thereof solely for the purposes stated therein.
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities as of March 15, 2012.

Signature
 
Title
 
Date
         
/s/ Zorik Gordon
 
Chief Executive Officer, Director
 
March 15, 2012
Zorik Gordon   (Principal Executive Officer)    
         
/s/ Ross G. Landsbaum
 
Chief Financial Officer
 
March 15, 2012
Ross G. Landsbaum   (Principal Financial Officer)    
         
/s/ David Day
 
Senior Vice President, Corporate Controller and Chief
 
March 15, 2012
David Day   Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer)    
         
/s/ David Carlick
 
Director
 
March 15, 2012
David Carlick        
         
/s/ Robert Dykes
 
Director
 
March 15, 2012
Robert Dykes        
         
/s/ James Geiger
 
Director
 
March 15, 2012
James Geiger        
         
/s/ Habib Kairouz
 
Director
 
March 15, 2012
Habib Kairouz        
         
/s/ Alan Salzman
 
Director
 
March 15, 2012
Alan Salzman        
 
 
 

 
 
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit
No.
  
 
Description of Document
   
  3.01
  
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of ReachLocal, Inc., dated May 19, 2010 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.01 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 (File No. 001-34749) filed with the SEC on March 28, 2011)
   
  3.02
  
Amended and Restated Bylaws of ReachLocal, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.02 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 (File No. 001-34749) filed with the SEC on March 28, 2011)
   
  4.01
  
Form of ReachLocal, Inc. Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.01 of the Company’s Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-163905) filed with the SEC on April 27, 2010)
   
  4.02
  
Second Amended and Restated Investors’ Rights Agreement, by and among ReachLocal, Inc., the Investors listed on Exhibit A, Exhibit B, Exhibit C and Exhibit D thereto, and the Founders listed on Exhibit E thereto, dated as of September 17, 2007 and as amended as of July 1, 2008, May 14, 2009, and May 18, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.02 of the Company’s Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-163905) filed with the SEC on February 2, 2010)
   
  4.03
  
Stockholders Agreement, by and between ReachLocal, Inc. and NetUs Pty Limited ACN 117 674 030, dated as of September 11, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.03 of the Company’s Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-163905) filed with the SEC on February 2, 2010)
     
10.01*
  
Indemnification Agreement entered into by and between ReachLocal, Inc. and Zorik Gordon (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.01 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 ((File No. 001-34749) filed with the SEC on March 28, 2011)
     
10.02*
  
Indemnification Agreement entered into by and between ReachLocal, Inc. and David Carlick (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.02 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 ((File No. 001-34749) filed with the SEC on March 28, 2011)
     
10.03*
  
Indemnification Agreement entered into by and between ReachLocal, Inc. and Robert Dykes (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.03 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 ((File No. 001-34749) filed with the SEC on March 28, 2011)
     
10.04*
  
Indemnification Agreement entered into by and between ReachLocal, Inc. and James Geiger (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.04 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 ((File No. 001-34749) filed with the SEC on March 28, 2011)
     
10.05*
  
Indemnification Agreement entered into by and between ReachLocal, Inc. and Habib Kairouz (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.05 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 ((File No. 001-34749) filed with the SEC on March 28, 2011)
     
10.06*
  
Indemnification Agreement entered into by and between ReachLocal, Inc. and Alan Salzman (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.06 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 ((File No. 001-34749) filed with the SEC on March 28, 2011)
     
10.07*
  
Indemnification Agreement entered into by and between ReachLocal, Inc. and Nathan Hanks (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.08 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 ((File No. 001-34749) filed with the SEC on March 28, 2011)
     
10.08*
  
Indemnification Agreement entered into by and between ReachLocal, Inc. and Michael Kline (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.09 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 ((File No. 001-34749) filed with the SEC on March 28, 2011)
     
10.09*
  
Indemnification Agreement entered into by and between ReachLocal, Inc. and Ross G. Landsbaum (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 ((File No. 001-34749) filed with the SEC on March 28, 2011)
     
10.10*
 
Indemnification Agreement entered into by and between ReachLocal, Inc. and Jeffrey L. Hagins (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 ((File No. 001-34749) filed with the SEC on March 28, 2011)
   
10.11*
  
Offer Letter between ReachLocal, Inc. and Zorik Gordon, dated May 14, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 of the Company’s Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-163905) filed with the SEC on February 2, 2010)
   
10.12*
  
Offer Letter between ReachLocal, Inc. and Michael Kline, dated May 14, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 of the Company’s Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-163905) filed with the SEC on February 2, 2010)
 
 
 

 
 
Exhibit
No.
  Description of Document
     
10.13*
  
Offer of Employment by and between ReachLocal, Inc. and Ross G. Landsbaum, dated as of May 30, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 of the Company’s Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-163905) filed with the SEC on February 2, 2010)
     
10.14*
  
Offer of Employment by and between ReachLocal, Inc. and Nathan Hanks, dated as of May 6, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 of the Company’s Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-163905) filed with the SEC on February 2, 2010)
     
10.15*
 
Offer of Employment by and between ReachLocal, Inc. and Jeffrey L. Hagins, dated August 23, 2010 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 ((File No. 001-34749) filed with the SEC on March 28, 2011)
     
10.16*
  
Amendment to Offer Letter between ReachLocal, Inc. and Zorik Gordon, dated February 22, 2010 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 of the Company’s Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-163905) filed with the SEC on April 27, 2010)
     
10.17*
  
Amendment to Offer Letter between ReachLocal, Inc. and Michael Kline, dated February 22, 2010 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 of the Company’s Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-163905) filed with the SEC on April 27, 2010)
     
10.18*
  
Amendment to Offer of Employment between ReachLocal, Inc. and Nathan Hanks, dated February 22, 2010 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 of the Company’s Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-163905) filed with the SEC on April 27, 2010)
   
10.19*
  
Form of Amended and Restated Restricted Stock Purchase Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 of the Company’s Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-163905) filed with the SEC on February 2, 2010)
   
10.20*
  
Share Purchase Agreement, by and among ReachLocal, Inc. and the Persons listed on Annex A thereto, dated as of September 11, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 of the Company’s Amendment No. 2 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-163905) filed with the SEC on February 24, 2010)
   
10.21*
  
ReachLocal, Inc. Incentive Bonus Plan, effective as of February 21, 2010 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 of the Company’s Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-163905) filed with the SEC on April 27, 2010)
   
10.22*
  
ReachLocal, Inc. Director Stock Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 of the Company’s Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-163905) filed with the SEC on April 27, 2010)
   
10.23*
  
2009 Executive Bonus Plan, effective as of January 1, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.08 of the Company’s Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-163905) filed with the SEC on February 2, 2010)
   
10.24*
  
ReachLocal, Inc. Change in Control and Severance Policy for Senior Management, effective as of February 21, 2010 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.09 of the Company’s Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-163905) filed with the SEC on April 27, 2010)
   
10.25*
  
ReachLocal, Inc. 2004 Stock Plan, adopted April 21, 2004, as amended as of April 8, 2005, July 31, 2006 and September 17, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.04 of the Company’s Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-163905) filed with the SEC on February 2, 2010)
   
10.26*
  
Amended and Restated ReachLocal, Inc. 2008 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.34 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 (File No. 001-34749) filed with the SEC on March 28, 2011)
   
10.27*
  
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement
   
10.28*
  
Form of Stock Option Agreement
   
10.29*
 
Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement
 
   
10.30*
  
Form of Stock Option Agreement (Regulation D Early Exercise) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.06 of the Company’s Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-163905) filed with the SEC on February 2, 2010)
     
10.31*
  
Form of Stock Option Agreement (Rule 701) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.07 to the Company’s Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-163905) filed with the SEC on February 2, 2010)
10.32*
 
Form of Non-Employee Director Stock Option Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2011 (File No. 001-34749) filed with the SEC on August 4, 2011)
 
 
 

 
 
Exhibit
No.
   
Description of Document
     
10.33
  
Lease Agreement, dated as of June 2, 2006, between ReachLocal, Inc. and CB Parkway Business Center, Ltd., as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.02 of the Company’s Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-163905) filed with the SEC on February 2, 2010)
     
10.34
  
Office Lease, dated as of August 30, 2006, by and between ReachLocal, Inc. and Douglas Emmett 2000, LLC, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.03 of the Company’s Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-163905) filed with the SEC on April 27, 2010)
     
10.35
  
Second Amendment to Office Lease, dated as of September 1, 2010, between Douglas Emmett 2000, LLC, as Landlord and ReachLocal, Inc., as Tenant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2010 (File No. 001-34749) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 4, 2010)
     
10.36
 
Third Amendment to Office Lease, dated as of July 22, 2011, between Douglas Emmett 2000, LLC, as Landlord and ReachLocal, Inc., as Tenant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2011 (File No. 001-34749) filed with the SEC on November 7, 2011)
     
10.37
 
Lease Agreement, dated as of February 2, 2010,  among ARI – International Business Park, LLC, ARI- IBP 1, LLC, ARI - IBP 2, LLC, ARI - IBP 3, LLC, ARI - IBP 4, LLC, ARI - IBP 5, LLC, ARI - IBP 6, LLC, ARI - IBP 7, LLC, ARI - IBP 8, LLC, ARI - IBP 9, LLC, ARI - IBP 11, LLC, and ARI - IBP 12, LLC, acting by and through Billingsley Property Services, Inc., as agent for Landlord, and ReachLocal, Inc., as amended
     
10.38
 
Google Inc. AdWords Reseller Addendum, dated April 25, 2011, between ReachLocal, Inc. and Google Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2011 (File No. 001-34749) filed with the SEC on May 16, 2011)
     
10.39
 
Amendment to the Google Inc. AdWords Reseller Addendum, dated November 1, 2011, between ReachLocal, Inc. and Google Inc.
     
10.40
 
Google AdWords Reseller Agreement, dated May 9, 2011, between ReachLocal Netherlands B.V. and Google Ireland Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2011 (File No. 001-34749) filed with the SEC on May 16, 2011)
   
21.01
  
List of subsidiaries of ReachLocal, Inc.
   
23.01
  
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, Grant Thornton LLP
   
24.01
  
Power of Attorney (included on signature page to this Annual Report on Form 10-K)
   
31.01
  
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
   
31.02
  
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
   
32.01
  
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
   
32.02
  
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
101.INS**
XBRL Instance Document
   
101.SCH**
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
   
101.CAL**
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
   
101.DEF**
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
   
101.LAB**
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
   
101.PRE**
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

*
Indicates management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.
   
**
XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) information is furnished and not filed herewith, is not a part of a registration statement or Prospectus for purposes of sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, is deemed not filed for purposes of section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and otherwise is not subject to liability under these sections.