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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
Our effective income tax rates were 13.9% and 15.1% for the six and three months ended June 30, 2018 and 27.8% and 29.0% for the same periods in the prior year. The 2018 tax rates reflect the enactment of the TCJA, which permanently reduced the U.S. corporate statutory rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018. The 2018 tax rates reflect net favorable impacts of the TCJA provisions which effectively apply a lower U.S. tax rate to intangible income derived from serving non-U.S. markets, research and development credits, and discrete tax benefits, primarily related to share-based payments recorded in the first and second quarters of 2018. The 2017 tax rates reflect the 35% statutory tax rate reduced by tax benefits for research and development credits, U.S. manufacturing activity and share-based payments.
In 2017, in accordance with U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, we recorded provisional amounts related to the TCJA, including the remeasurement of our U.S. net deferred tax liabilities and ancillary state tax effects, as well as the repatriation tax. We continue to assess available tax methods and elections, refine our computation of the repatriation tax and evaluate regulatory guidance, which may result in changes to our tax estimates.
Federal income tax audits have been settled for all years prior to 2013. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is currently examining the 2013-2014 tax years. We are also subject to examination in major state and international jurisdictions for the 2001-2016 tax years. We believe appropriate provisions for all outstanding tax issues have been made for all jurisdictions and all open years.
Audit outcomes and the timing of audit settlements are subject to significant uncertainty. It is reasonably possible that within the next 12 months unrecognized tax benefits related to federal and state matters under audit may decrease by up to $540 and $440, respectively, based on current estimates.