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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2016
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
Our effective income tax rates were 21.9% and 51.1% for the six and three months ended June 30, 2016 and 31.5% and 31.6% for the same periods in the prior year. The year over year tax rate variances are primarily due to lower pre-tax income in 2016. The 2016 year-to-date income tax expense reflects an estimated annual effective tax rate of 27.2% excluding discrete tax benefits of $66 that have been recorded through the second quarter of 2016. The effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2016 is lower than the comparable prior year period due to lower projected pre-tax income in 2016 and the favorable impact of the permanent reinstatement of the U.S. research and development tax credit at the end of 2015. The discrete tax benefits of $66 include a $54 benefit from adopting ASU No. 2016-09 “Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting” in the three months ended June 30, 2016.
On July 5, 2016, the Joint Committee on Taxation completed its review of our federal income taxes for the 2011-2012 tax years and as a result, in the third quarter of 2016, we expect to record tax benefits of approximately $180 and reduce unrecognized tax benefits by approximately $220. We remain subject to federal income tax audits for the 2013 to 2015 tax years. We are also subject to examination in major state and international jurisdictions for the 2001-2015 tax years. We believe appropriate provisions for all outstanding tax issues have been made for all jurisdictions and all open years.