<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001140361-20-015890.txt : 20200713
<SEC-HEADER>0001140361-20-015890.hdr.sgml : 20200713
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20200713171442
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001140361-20-015890
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		15
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20200708
ITEM INFORMATION:		Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement
ITEM INFORMATION:		Other Events
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20200713
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20200713

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			Turning Point Brands, Inc.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001290677
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	TOBACCO PRODUCTS [2100]
		IRS NUMBER:				133961898
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-37763
		FILM NUMBER:		201025791

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		5201 INTERCHANGE WAY
		CITY:			LOUISVILLE
		STATE:			KY
		ZIP:			40229
		BUSINESS PHONE:		(502) 778-4421

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		5201 INTERCHANGE WAY
		CITY:			LOUISVILLE
		STATE:			KY
		ZIP:			40229

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	North Atlantic Holding Company, Inc.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20040517
</SEC-HEADER>
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    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold;">UNITED STATES</div>

    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold;">SECURITIES <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</span></div>

    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;">Washington, D.C. 20549</div>

    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: bold;">FORM <ix:nonNumeric name="dei:DocumentType" id="Fact_2bbfa0358da24296896d532fa475909d" contextRef="c20200708to20200708">8-K</ix:nonNumeric></div>

    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;">CURRENT REPORT</div>

    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;">Pursuant to Section 13 OR 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934</div>

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    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): <ix:nonNumeric name="dei:DocumentPeriodEndDate" id="Fact_85b7e69a686e4de491f8f16c06269b98" contextRef="c20200708to20200708" format="ixt:datemonthdayyearen">July 8, 2020</ix:nonNumeric></div>

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    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12pt;">(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)</div>

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            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(Address of principal executive offices)</div>
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    <td style="width: 2%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

    <td colspan="2" style="width: 49%; vertical-align: top;">
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    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Registrant&#8217;s telephone number, including area code: <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">(<ix:nonNumeric name="dei:CityAreaCode" id="Fact_e45d748b92bc4f2d86ec9c17aad23df0" contextRef="c20200708to20200708">502</ix:nonNumeric>) <ix:nonNumeric name="dei:LocalPhoneNumber" id="Fact_5483678dc2294ce8b8d2ddb8548a9f5a" contextRef="c20200708to20200708">778-4421</ix:nonNumeric></span></div>

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    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12pt;"> (Former name or former address if changed since last report.)</div>

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    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:</div>

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            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Title of each class</div>
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            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Trading Symbol(s)</div>
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    <td style="width: 3.84%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 40.38%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;">
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    <td style="width: 3.84%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 19.24%; vertical-align: middle; border-top: #000000 2px solid;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:TradingSymbol" id="Fact_6badea60501d4509bc2873fffe75cbcc" contextRef="c20200708to20200708">TPB</ix:nonNumeric><br />
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    <td style="width: 3.84%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 40.38%; vertical-align: middle; border-top: #000000 2px solid;">
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    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the
      following provisions:</div>

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    <td style="width: 96.15%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

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    <td style="width: 3.85%; vertical-align: top;">
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    <td style="width: 96.15%; vertical-align: top;">
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    <td style="width: 96.15%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))</div>
          </td>

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    <td style="width: 3.85%; vertical-align: top;">
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    <td style="width: 96.15%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))</div>
          </td>

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    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167;230.405 of
      this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (&#167;240.12b-2 of this chapter).</div>

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    <div><br />
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    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12pt;">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or
      revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. <ix:nonNumeric name="dei:EntityExTransitionPeriod" id="Fact_c44cabc3155846c080fd7c678cf5cef8" contextRef="c20200708to20200708" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox">&#x2612;</ix:nonNumeric><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Segoe UI Symbol', sans-serif;"></span></div>

    <div>
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    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;">
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        <hr style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;" /></div>

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    <td style="width: 11.54%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Item 1.01</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 88.46%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement</div>
          </td>

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    <div><br />
    </div>

    <div>
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    <td style="width: 100%; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">On July 8, 2020, Turning Point Brands, Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) entered into an Underwriting Agreement (the &#8220;Underwriting Agreement&#8221;), with Standard
                General Master Fund L.P., Standard General Master Fund II L.P., Standard General Focus Fund L.P., Standard Diversified Inc. (collectively, the &#8220;Selling Stockholders&#8221;) and Cowen and Company, LLC as underwriter (the &#8220;Underwriter&#8221;), pursuant
                to which the Selling Stockholders agreed to sell 2,000,000 shares (the &#8220;Firm Shares&#8221;) of the Company&#8217;s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the &#8220;Common Stock&#8221;), to the Underwriter (the &#8220;Offering&#8221;) at a price of $23.50 per share (the
                &#8220;Purchase Price&#8221;). Pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, certain of the Selling Stockholders granted the Underwriter a two business day option to purchase up to an aggregate of 215,000 additional shares of Common Stock at the Purchase
                Price (the &#8220;Option Shares&#8221;). The Underwriter exercised its option to purchase the Option Shares in full on June 9, 2020. The offering of both the Firm Shares and the Option Shares closed on June 13, 2020. The Company did not receive any of
                the proceeds from the Offering.</div>
              <div>&#160;</div>
              <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Underwriting Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and agreements of the Company and the Selling Stockholders and other
                customary obligations of the parties and termination provisions. The Company and the Selling Stockholders, severally and not jointly, have agreed to indemnify the Underwriter against certain liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as
                amended (the &#8220;Securities Act&#8221;), or to contribute to payments the Underwriter may be required to make because of any such liabilities.</div>
              <div>&#160;</div>
              <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Pursuant to the terms of the Underwriting Agreement, the Company and its executive officers and directors and the Selling Stockholders have
                agreed, subject to certain exceptions, that they will not, among other things, (i) offer, sell, assign, transfer, pledge, contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant for the sale of, lend or otherwise dispose of or announce the
                intention to otherwise dispose of, directly or indirectly or (ii) enter into any swap or similar agreement or arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, the economic consequence of ownership of, directly or indirectly, any
                Common Stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for any Common Stock without the prior written consent of the Underwriter, for a period of 90 days after the date of the pricing of the Offering.&#160; Included among the
                exceptions is the ability to file a Registration Statement on Form S-3 to refresh the Company&#8217;s current Form S-3 upon its expiration.</div>
              <div>&#160;</div>
              <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Offering was made pursuant to the Company&#8217;s effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-219114), which was declared
                effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;SEC&#8221;) on July 20, 2017, which consists of a base prospectus filed with the SEC on July 20, 2017, a preliminary prospectus supplement filed with the SEC on July 8, 2020, and a final
                prospectus supplement filed with the SEC on July 9, 2020.</div>
              <div>&#160;</div>
              <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Underwriter and its affiliates have, from time to time, performed, and may in the future perform, commercial banking and investment banking
                services for the Company and its affiliates in the ordinary course of business, for which they received or will receive customary fees and expenses. In addition, in the ordinary course of their business activities, the Underwriter and its
                affiliates may make or hold and actively trade securities and/or instruments of the Company and its affiliates. The Underwriter and its affiliates may also make investment recommendations and/or publish or express independent research views
                in respect of such securities or financial instruments.</div>
              <div>&#160;</div>
              <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The preceding summary of the Underwriting Agreement is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Underwriting Agreement, a
                copy of which is attached as Exhibit 1.1 hereto and incorporated herein by reference.</div>
              <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> </span>&#160;</div>
            </td>

  </tr>


</table>
    </div>

    <div><br />
    </div>

    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: left; color: #000000;">


  <tr>

    <td style="width: 11.54%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Item 8.01.</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 88.46%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Other Events.</div>
          </td>

  </tr>


</table>
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
      <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">On July 8, 2020, the Company issued a press release announcing that it had priced its previously announced underwritten public offering of 2,000,000
        shares of its common stock by the Selling Stockholders. A copy of the press release is attached as Exhibit 99.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K.</div>

      <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> <br />
      </div>

      <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
        <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Underwriter exercised its option to purchase the Option Shares in full on June 9, 2020, and the Option Shares were delivered to the Underwriter,
          together with the Firm Shares, on July 13, 2020.</div>

      </div>

    </div>

    <div><br />
    </div>

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    <td style="width: 11.54%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Item 9.01.</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 88.46%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Financial Statements and Exhibits.</div>
          </td>

  </tr>


</table>
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Not applicable.</div>

    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Not applicable</div>

    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Not applicable</div>

    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><br />
    </div>

    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;">
      <div style="page-break-after: always;">
        <hr style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;" /></div>

    </div>

    <div> Exhibits:</div>

    <div> <br />
    </div>

    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" id="z319ba3099b9448999a62e8a537ebf8f6">


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    <td style="width: 7%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;">
              <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;">Exhibit</div>
              Number</div>
          </td>

    <td colspan="1" style="width: 1%; vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;"><br />
          </td>

    <td style="width: 93%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">
            <div>
              <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;"> <br />
              </div>
              <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;">Description</div>
            </div>
          </td>

  </tr>

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    <td style="width: 7%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

    <td colspan="1" style="width: 1%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 93%; vertical-align: top;"><br />
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 7%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="nt10013300x6_ex1-1.htm">1.1</a></div>
          </td>

    <td colspan="1" style="width: 1%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Underwriting Agreement, dated as of July 8, 2020, among Turning Point Brands, Inc., Standard General Master Fund L.P., Standard General Master Fund II
              L.P., Standard General Focus Fund L.P., Standard Diversified Inc.&#160;and Cowen and Company, LLC.</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 7%; vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">&#160;</td>

    <td colspan="1" style="width: 1%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 93%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 7%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="nt10013300x6_ex99-1.htm">99.1</a></div>
          </td>

    <td colspan="1" style="width: 1%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Press&#160;release&#160;of the Company dated July 8, 2020, announcing the pricing of its previously announced underwritten public offering. &#160;</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 7%; vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">&#160;</td>

    <td colspan="1" style="width: 1%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 93%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 7%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">104</div>
          </td>

    <td colspan="1" style="width: 1%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document).</div>
          </td>

  </tr>


</table>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;">
      <div style="page-break-after: always;">
        <hr style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;" /></div>

    </div>

    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">SIGNATURES</div>

    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"> <br />
    </div>

    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned
      hereunto duly authorized.</div>

    <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
    </div>

    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" id="z5b300bba2d014f3fbe77bf83e71007e8">


  <tr>

    <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</td>

    <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt;">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">TURNING POINT BRANDS, INC.</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2px;">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Date: July 13, 2020</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 5%; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2px;">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">By:</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 45%; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">/s/ James Dobbins</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 5%; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 45%; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 5%; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt;">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Name:</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 45%; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt;">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">James Dobbins</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 5%; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt;">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Title:</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 45%; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt;">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary</div>
          </td>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-1.1
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>nt10013300x6_ex1-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 1.1
<TEXT>
<html>
  <head>
    <title></title>
    <!-- Licensed to: Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc.
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<body bgcolor="#ffffff" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; color: #000000;">
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  <div style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right;">Exhibit 1.1<br>
  </div>
  <div style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right;"> <br>
  </div>
  <br>
  <div style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: normal;">
      <div style="text-indent: -36pt; margin-left: 36pt; font-weight: bold;">2,000,000 Shares of Common Stock</div>
      <div style="text-indent: -36pt; margin-left: 36pt; font-weight: bold;"> <br>
      </div>
      <div style="font-weight: bold;">TURNING POINT BRANDS, INC.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="font-weight: bold;">Common Stock</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="font-weight: bold;"><u>UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT</u></div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: right;">July 8, 2020</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="font-variant: small-caps; text-align: left;">Cowen and Company, LLC</div>
      <div style="text-align: left;">599 Lexington Avenue</div>
      <div style="text-align: left;">New York, New York 10022</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div>
        <div style="text-align: left;">Dear Sirs:<br>
          &#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-style: italic;">&#160;&#160;</font> </div>
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps;"><font style="font-style: normal;">1.</font></font><font style="font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps;"><font style="font-style: normal;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;
            </font>Introductory</font>. The selling stockholders named in <u>Schedule B</u> hereto (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Selling stockholders</font>&#8221;) propose to sell, pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, to Cowen
          and Company, LLC (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Underwriter</font>&#8221;), an aggregate of 2,000,000 shares of Common Stock, $0.01 par value (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Common Stock</font>&#8221;)
          of Turning Point Brands, Inc., a Delaware<font style="font-style: italic;">&#160;</font>corporation (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Company</font>&#8221;).&#160; The aggregate of 2,000,000 shares so proposed to be sold is hereinafter
          referred to as the &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Firm Stock</font>&#8221;.&#160; Certain of the Selling stockholders listed in <u>Schedule B</u> hereto also propose to sell to the Underwriter, upon the terms and conditions set forth
          in Section 3 hereof, up to an additional 215,000 shares of Common Stock (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Optional Stock</font>&#8221;).&#160; The Firm Stock and the Optional Stock are hereinafter collectively referred to as the &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Stock</font>&#8221;.</div>
      </div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-variant: small-caps;">2.</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-variant: small-caps; font-style: italic;">Representations and Warranties of the Company</font></div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 22.3pt; text-align: justify;">(i)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-variant: small-caps;">Representations and Warranties of the Company</font>.&#160; The Company represents and warrants to the Underwriter, as of the
        date hereof and as of the Closing Date (as defined below), and agrees with the Underwriter, that:</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(a)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Registration Statement</u>.&#160; A registration statement of the Company on Form S&#8209;3 (File No. 333&#8209;219114) (including all amendments thereto, the &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Initial Registration Statement</font>&#8221;) in respect of the Stock has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Commission</font>&#8221;) pursuant to Rule 415.&#160;
        The Company meets the requirements for use of Form S&#8209;3 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Securities Act</font>&#8221;) and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Rules and Regulations</font>&#8221;).&#160; The Initial Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, each in the form heretofore delivered to you, and, excluding exhibits thereto, have been
        declared effective by the Commission in such form and meet the requirements of the Securities Act, and the Rules and Regulations in all material respects. The proposed offering of the Stock may be made pursuant to General Instruction I.B.3 of Form
        S-3.&#160; Other than (i) the Initial Registration Statement, (ii) any Preliminary Prospectus (as defined below), (iii) the Prospectus (as defined below) contemplated by this Agreement to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) of the Rules and Regulations in
        accordance with Section 4(i)(a) hereof and (iv) any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (as defined below), no other document with respect to the offer or sale of the Stock has heretofore been filed with the Commission.&#160; No stop order suspending the
        effectiveness of the Initial Registration Statement, any post-effective amendment thereto, if any, has been issued and no proceeding for that purpose or pursuant to Section 8A of the Securities Act has been initiated or threatened by the Commission
        (any preliminary prospectus included in the Initial Registration Statement or filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424 of the Rules and Regulations, including any prospectus supplement deemed to be a part thereof, is hereinafter called a &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Preliminary Prospectus</font>&#8221;).&#160; The Initial Registration Statement including all exhibits thereto and including the information contained in the Prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to
        Rule 424(b) of the Rules and Regulations and deemed by virtue of Rule 430A or Rule 430B under the Securities Act to be part of the Initial Registration Statement at the time it became effective is hereinafter collectively called the &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Registration Statement</font>.&#8221;&#160; The base prospectus included in the Initial Registration Statement at the time of effectiveness thereof, as supplemented by the final prospectus supplement relating
        to the offer and sale of the Stock, in the form filed pursuant to and within the time limits described in Rule 424(b) under the Rules and Regulations, is hereinafter called the &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Prospectus</font>.&#8221;</div>
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          <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"></div>
        <div id="DSPFPageNumberArea" style="text-align: right;"><font id="DSPFPageNumber" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">2</font></div>
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      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">Any reference herein to the Registration Statement, Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include the documents incorporated by reference therein.&#160; Any reference
        to any amendment or supplement to any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include any documents filed after the date of such Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
        amended (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Exchange Act</font>&#8221;), and incorporated by reference in such Preliminary Prospectus or Prospectus, as the case may be. Any reference to (i) the Registration Statement shall be
        deemed to refer to and include the annual report of the last completed fiscal year of the Company on Form 10-K filed under Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act prior to the date hereof and (ii) the effective date of such Registration
        Statement shall be deemed to refer to and include the date such Registration Statement became effective and, if later, the date such Form 10-K was so filed.&#160; Any reference to any amendment to the Registration Statement shall be deemed to refer to
        and include any annual report of the Company filed pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act after the date of this Agreement that is incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(b)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>General Disclosure Package</u>.&#160; As of the Applicable Time (as defined below) and as of the Closing Date (as defined below) neither (i) the General Use Free Writing Prospectus(es)
        (as defined below) issued at or prior to the Applicable Time, and the Preliminary Prospectus and the information included on <u>Schedule D </u>hereto, all considered together (collectively, the &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">General Disclosure Package</font>&#8221;); (ii) any individual Limited Use Free Writing Prospectus (as defined below); nor (iii) the bona fide electronic road show (as defined in Rule 433(h)(5) of the Rules and Regulations), when considered
        together with the General Disclosure Package, included or will include any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted or will omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances
        under which they were made, not misleading; <font style="font-style: italic;">provided, however</font>, that the Company makes no representations or warranties as to information contained in or omitted from the Preliminary Prospectus or any Issuer
        Free Writing Prospectus (as defined below), in reliance upon, and in conformity with, written information furnished to the Company by the Underwriter specifically for inclusion therein, which information the parties hereto agree is limited to the
        Underwriter&#8217;s Information (as defined in Section 18).&#160; As used in this paragraph (b) and elsewhere in this Agreement:</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-indent: 36pt; text-align: justify;">&#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Applicable Time</font>&#8221; means 8:00 P.M., New York time, on the date of this Agreement or such other time as agreed to by the Company and the
        Underwriter.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-indent: 36pt; text-align: justify;">&#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Issuer Free Writing Prospectus</font>&#8221; means any &#8220;issuer free writing prospectus,&#8221; as defined in Rule 433 of the Rules and Regulations relating
        to the Stock in the form filed or required to be filed with the Commission or, if not required to be filed, in the form retained in the Company&#8217;s records pursuant to Rule 433(g) of the Rules and Regulations.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-indent: 36pt; text-align: justify;">&#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">General Use Free Writing Prospectus</font>&#8221; means any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus that is identified on <u>Schedule C</u> to this
        Agreement.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-indent: 36pt; text-align: justify;">&#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Limited Use Free Writing Prospectuses</font>&#8221; means any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus that is not a General Use Free Writing Prospectus.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(c)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>No Stop Orders</u>.&#160; No stop order preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or the Prospectus relating to the proposed
        offering of the Stock has been issued by the Commission, and no proceeding for that purpose or pursuant to Section 8A of the Securities Act has been instituted or threatened by the Commission.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(d)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Registration Statement and Prospectus Contents</u>.&#160; At the respective times, the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto became or become effective as to the Underwriter
        and at the Closing Date, the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto conformed and will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and the Rules and Regulations and did not and will not contain any untrue
        statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; and the Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto, at the time the Prospectus or
        any amendment or supplement thereto was issued and at the Closing Date, conformed and will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and the Rules and Regulations and did not and will not contain an untrue statement
        of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading;<font style="font-style: italic;"> provided</font>, <font style="font-style: italic;">however</font>, that the foregoing representations and warranties in this paragraph (d) shall not apply to information contained in or omitted from the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, or any amendment or
        supplement thereto, in reliance upon, and in conformity with, written information furnished to the Company through the Underwriter specifically for inclusion therein, which information the parties hereto agree is limited to the Underwriter&#8217;s
        Information.</div>
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      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(e)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Issuer Free Writing Prospectus</u>.&#160; Each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, as of its issue date and at all subsequent times through the completion of the public offer and sale of the
        Stock or until any earlier date that the Company notified or notifies the Underwriter as described in Section 4(i)(f), did not, does not and will not include any information that conflicted, conflicts or will conflict with the information contained
        in the Registration Statement, Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus, including any document incorporated by reference therein and any prospectus supplement deemed to be a part thereof that has not been superseded or modified,<font style="font-style: italic;"> provided</font>, <font style="font-style: italic;">however</font>, that the foregoing representations and warranties in this paragraph (e) shall not apply to information contained in or omitted from the Registration
        Statement or the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, in reliance upon, and in conformity with, written information furnished to the Company through the Underwriter specifically for inclusion therein, which information the parties
        hereto agree is limited to the Underwriter&#8217;s Information.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(f)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Documents Incorporated by Reference.</u><font style="font-style: italic;">&#160; </font>The documents incorporated by reference in the Prospectus, when they became effective or were
        filed with the Commission, as the case may be, conformed in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, as applicable, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder and none of such documents
        contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state any material fact required to be stated therein, or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; and
        any further documents so filed and incorporated by reference in the Prospectus, when such documents are filed with Commission will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, as applicable, and
        the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the
        circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(g)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Distribution of Offering Materials</u>.&#160; The Company has not, directly or indirectly, distributed and will not distribute any offering material in connection with the offering and
        sale of the Stock other than any Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus and other materials, if any, permitted under the Securities Act and consistent with Section 4(i)(b) below.&#160; The Company will file with the Commission all Issuer Free Writing
        Prospectuses (other than a &#8220;road show&#8221; as described in Rule 433(d)(8) of the Rules and Regulations) in the time and manner required under Rules 163(b)(2) and 433(d) of the Rules and Regulations.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(h)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Not an Ineligible Issuer</u>.&#160; At the time of filing the Initial Registration Statement and any post-effective amendments thereto, and at the date hereof, the Company was not, and
        the Company currently is not, an &#8220;ineligible issuer,&#8221; as defined in Rule 405 of the Rules and Regulations.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(i)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Compliance with Reporting Obligations</u>. The Company is subject to, and is in compliance in all material respects with, (A) the reporting requirements of Section 13 of the
        Exchange Act and (B) the policies, rules and regulations of The New York Stock Exchange (&#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">NYSE</font>&#8221;).</div>
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        <div id="DSPFPageNumberArea" style="text-align: right;"><font id="DSPFPageNumber" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">4</font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(j)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Underwriting Agreement</u>.&#160; This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(k)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Capitalization</u><font style="font-style: italic;">. </font>The Company had, as of the dates indicated in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the duly authorized
        capitalization as set forth in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus; the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company, including the Stock, have been duly and validly authorized and issued and are fully paid and non-assessable,
        and have not been issued in violation of or subject to any preemptive right or other similar right of stockholders arising by operation of law, under the certificate of incorporation or bylaws, as amended, of the Company, under any agreement to
        which the Company is a party or otherwise; and all of the outstanding shares of capital stock of each corporate Subsidiary (as defined below) of the Company and all of the membership interests of each Subsidiary that is a limited liability company,
        and limited partnership interests of each Subsidiary that is a limited partnership have been duly and validly authorized and issued, and are fully paid, and, in the case of the corporate Subsidiaries, non-assessable, and all of the outstanding
        shares of capital stock, membership interests or limited partnership interests, as applicable, of the Subsidiaries, except as provided in the&#160; General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, are directly or indirectly owned of record and
        beneficially by the Company; except as disclosed in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there are no outstanding (i) securities or obligations of the Company or any of the Subsidiaries convertible into or exchangeable for any capital
        stock, membership interests or limited partnership interests, as applicable, of the Company or any such Subsidiary, (ii) warrants, rights or options to subscribe for or purchase from the Company or any such Subsidiary any such capital stock,
        membership interests or limited partnership interests or any such convertible or exchangeable securities or obligations, or (iii) obligations of the Company or any such Subsidiary to issue or sell any shares of capital stock, any such convertible
        or exchangeable securities or obligations, or any such warrants, rights or options. The Stock and all other outstanding shares of capital stock or other equity interests of the Company conform in all material respects to the description thereof
        contained in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. All of the Company&#8217;s subsidiaries are listed on Schedule E attached hereto, and the term &#8220;<u>Subsidiary</u>&#8221; as used herein refers to the Company&#8217;s &#8220;significant subsidiaries&#8221; (as such
        term is defined in Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X).</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(l)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Organization and Good Standing</u><font style="font-style: italic;">. </font>Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries has been duly incorporated or organized and is validly
        existing as a corporation, a limited liability company or a limited partnership in good standing under the laws of its respective jurisdiction of incorporation or organization with full corporate or other power and authority to own, lease or
        operate its respective properties and to conduct its respective businesses as described in each of the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, and, in the case of the Company, to execute and deliver this Agreement and to consummate the
        transactions contemplated herein.&#160; Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries is duly qualified or licensed by, and is in good standing in, each jurisdiction in which it conducts its respective business or in which it owns or leases property or
        otherwise maintains an office and in which the failure, individually or in the aggregate, to be so qualified or licensed would reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on (i) the business, condition (financial or otherwise), results
        of operations or prospects of the Company and the Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or (ii) the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby or of the other transactions contemplated by General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus (any such
        effect or change, where the context so requires is hereinafter called a &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Material Adverse Effect</font>&#8221;).</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(m)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>No Restrictions on Subsidiaries</u>. Except as disclosed in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, no Subsidiary is prohibited or restricted, directly or indirectly,
        from paying dividends to the Company, or from making any other distribution with respect to such Subsidiary&#8217;s capital stock or from repaying to the Company or any other Subsidiary any amounts that may from time to time become due under any loans or
        advances to such Subsidiary from the Company or such other Subsidiary, or from transferring any such Subsidiary&#8217;s property or assets to the Company or to any other Subsidiary; other than as disclosed the General Disclosure Package and the
        Prospectus, the Company does not own, directly or indirectly, any capital stock or other equity securities of any other corporation or any ownership interest in any partnership, joint venture or other association.</div>
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        <div id="DSPFPageNumberArea" style="text-align: right;"><font id="DSPFPageNumber" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">5</font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(n)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>No Violation or Default</u>. Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries is not in breach of, or in default under (nor has any event occurred which with notice, lapse of time, or both
        would constitute a breach of, or default under) (i) its certificate of incorporation, bylaws, or other organizational documents (collectively, the &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Charter Documents</font>&#8221;), (ii) the
        performance or observance of any obligation, agreement, covenant or condition contained in any contract, license, indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan, credit agreement or other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which any of
        them or their respective properties may be bound or affected, or (iii) any federal, state, local or foreign law, regulation or rule or any decree, or judgment, permit or order (each a &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Law</font>&#8221;)





        applicable to the any of them, except, in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii) above, for such breaches or defaults which would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(o)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>No Conflicts</u>. (i) The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement, (ii) the sale and delivery of the Stock by the Selling stockholders, and (iii) the consummation by
        the Company of the transactions contemplated hereby, and the compliance by the Company and the Subsidiaries with the terms and provisions hereunder will not (A) conflict with, or result in any breach of, or constitute a default under (nor
        constitute any event which with notice, lapse of time, or both would constitute a breach of, or default under), (1) any provision of the Charter Documents of the Company or any Subsidiary, or (2) any provision of any contract, license, indenture,
        mortgage, deed of trust, loan, credit agreement or other agreement or instrument to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party or by which it or its respective properties may be bound or affected, or (3) under any Law applicable to the Company
        or any Subsidiary, except in the case of clauses (2) and (3) for such conflicts, breaches or defaults that have been validly waived or would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect; or (B)
        result in the creation or imposition of any material lien, charge, claim or encumbrance upon any property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(p)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>No Consents</u>. No approval, authorization, consent or order of or filing with any federal, state, local or foreign governmental or regulatory commission, board, body, arbitral
        panel, authority or agency (collectively, &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Governmental Authority</font>&#8221;) is required in connection with the Company&#8217;s execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement, its consummation of
        the transactions contemplated herein, and the sale and delivery of the Stock by the Selling stockholders, other than (i) such as have been obtained, or will have been obtained at the Closing Date, under the Securities Act and/or the Exchange Act
        (other than any filings on Form 8-K, which may be filed on or after the applicable Closing Date), (ii) any necessary qualification under the securities or blue sky laws of the various jurisdictions in which the Stock is being offered by the
        Underwriter, and (iii) in each case such as would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(q)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Licenses or Permits</u>. Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries has all necessary licenses, permits, certificates, authorizations, consents and approvals and has made all
        necessary filings required under any Law, and has obtained all necessary licenses, permits, certificates, authorizations, consents and approvals from other persons, and has not received any written notice of any proceedings relating to the
        revocation or modification thereof, required in order to conduct their respective businesses as described in each of the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, except to the extent that any failure to have any such licenses, permits,
        certificates, authorizations, consents or approvals, to make any such filings or to obtain any such licenses, permits, certificates, authorizations, consents or approvals would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a
        Material Adverse Effect; other than as set forth in each of the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries is required by any applicable Law to obtain accreditation or certification from any
        governmental agency or authority in order to provide the products and services that it currently provides or that it proposes to provide as set forth in each of the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, except to the extent such failure
        would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect; neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries is in violation of, in default under, or has received any notice regarding a possible violation,
        default or revocation of any such license, permit, certificate, authorization, consent or approval or any Law applicable to the Company or any of the Subsidiaries, the effect of which would reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the
        aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect; and no such license, permit, certificate, authorization, consent or approval contains a materially burdensome restriction that is not adequately disclosed in each of the General Disclosure Package and the
        Prospectus.</div>
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        <div id="DSPFPageNumberArea" style="text-align: right;"><font id="DSPFPageNumber" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">6</font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(r)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Legal Proceedings</u>. Other than as set forth in each of the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there are no actions, suits, proceedings, inquiries or investigations
        pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened against the Company or any Subsidiary or any controlled affiliate, or any of their respective officers and directors, or to which the properties, assets or rights of any such entity are
        subject, at law or in equity, or before or by any Governmental Authority that, individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(s)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Financial Statements</u><font style="font-style: italic;">. </font>The consolidated financial statements of the Company, including the notes thereto, incorporated by reference in
        the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus (i) fairly present, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the entities to which such financial statements relate (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Covered





          Entities</font>&#8221;) as of the dates indicated and the consolidated results of operations and changes in financial position and cash flows of the Covered Entities for the periods specified and (ii) have been prepared in conformity with United States
        generally accepted accounting principles (&#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">GAAP</font>&#8221;) applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved and in accordance with Regulation S-X promulgated by the SEC; the financial
        statement schedules incorporated by reference in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus fairly present in all material respects the information shown therein and have been compiled on a basis consistent with the financial statements
        incorporated by reference in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus; no other financial statements or supporting schedules are required to be included or incorporated by reference in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus; the
        unaudited financial information (including the related notes) included or incorporated by reference in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus complies as to form in all material respects with the applicable accounting requirements of the
        Securities Act<font style="font-style: italic;">.</font></div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(t)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Independent Auditors</u><font style="font-style: italic;">.</font> RSM US LLP, whose reports on the consolidated financial statements of the Company and the Subsidiaries are filed
        with the SEC and incorporated by reference in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, is, and was during the periods covered by its reports, an independent public accountant as required by the Securities Act and is registered with the
        Public Company Accounting Oversight Board.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(u)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>No Material Adverse Change</u>. Neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries has sustained, since the respective dates as of which such information is given in the General
        Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, (i) any material loss or interference with its business from fire, explosion, flood or other calamity, whether or not covered by insurance, or from any labor dispute or action, order or decree of any court or
        governmental or regulatory authority, otherwise than as set forth or contemplated in the General Disclosure Package, (ii) any material change in the capital stock (other than (A) the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon exercise of stock options
        and warrants described as outstanding in, (B) the grant of options and awards under existing equity incentive plans described in, or (C) pursuant to other agreements described in, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus) or long-term debt
        of the Company or any of the Subsidiaries, or any dividend or distribution of any kind declared, set aside for payment, paid or made by the Company on any class of capital stock (except regular quarterly dividends), or (iii) any material adverse
        changes, or any development or new material fact involving a prospective material adverse change, in or affecting the business, condition (financial or otherwise), results of operations or prospects of the Company and the Subsidiaries, taken as a
        whole, in each case, otherwise than as set forth or contemplated in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus (each of clauses (i), (ii) and (iii), a &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Material Adverse Change</font>&#8221;).</div>
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        <div id="DSPFPageNumberArea" style="text-align: right;"><font id="DSPFPageNumber" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">7</font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(v)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>No Stabilization</u>. None of the Company, any Subsidiary or any of their respective directors and officers or, to the Company&#8217;s knowledge, its representatives or affiliates, has
        taken, and none will take, directly or indirectly, any action that is designed to, that has constituted, or that might reasonably be expected to cause or result in stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to
        facilitate the sale or resale of the Stock.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(w)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Title to Real and Personal Property</u>. Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries has good and marketable title to all real property, if any, and good and marketable title to all
        personal property owned by it (whether through fee ownership or similar rights of ownership), in each case free and clear of all liens, security interests, pledges, charges, encumbrances, mortgages and defects, except such as are disclosed in the
        General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus or as would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect; and any real property or personal property held under lease by the Company or any Subsidiary
        is held under a lease that is valid, existing and enforceable by the Company or such Subsidiary, in each case with such exceptions as are disclosed in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus or as would not reasonably be expected,
        individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect, and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received any notice of any claim of any sort that has been asserted by anyone adverse to the rights of the Company or any Subsidiary
        under any such lease, except for any such claim that would not have a Material Adverse Effect.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(x)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Intellectual Property</u>. Except as would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect, the Company and each Subsidiary owns or
        possesses such licenses or other rights to use all patents, trademarks, service marks, trade names, copyrights, software and design licenses, trade secrets, manufacturing processes, other intangible property rights and know-how (collectively &#8220;<u>Intangibles</u>&#8221;),





        as are necessary to entitle the Company and each Subsidiary to conduct the Company&#8217;s and each Subsidiary&#8217;s business as described in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received written
        notice of any infringement of or conflict with (and, upon due inquiry, none of the Company or any Subsidiary knows of any such infringement of or conflict with) asserted rights of others with respect to any Intangibles, which would reasonably be
        expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(y)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Disclosure Controls</u>. The Company has established and maintains effective disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined under Rule 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the rules
        and regulations of the Exchange Act), (i) which are designed to ensure that material information relating to the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to the Company&#8217;s principal executive officer and its principal
        financial officer by others within those entities, particularly during the periods in which the periodic reports required under the Exchange Act are being prepared, and (ii) are effective in all material respects to perform the functions for which
        they were established. The Company has conducted evaluations of the effectiveness of their disclosure controls as required by Rule 13a-15 of the Exchange Act.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(z)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Accounting Controls</u>. The Company has established and maintains a system of &#8220;internal control over financial reporting&#8221; (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the General
        Rules and Regulations (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Exchange Act Rules</font>&#8221;) under the Exchange Act) that complies with the requirements of the Exchange Act applicable to the Company and has been designed by the
        Company&#8217;s principal executive and principal financial officers, or under their supervision, to provide reasonable assurances that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management&#8217;s general or specific authorization, (ii) transactions are
        recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain accountability for assets, (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management&#8217;s general or specific authorization, (iv)
        the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences and (v) the interactive data in eXtensible Business Reporting Language incorporated
        by reference in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus fairly presents the information called for in all material respects and is prepared in accordance with the SEC&#8217;s rules and guidelines applicable thereto.&#160; Except as set forth in the
        General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, since the end of the Company&#8217;s most recent reported period, there has been (i) no material weaknesses in the Company&#8217;s internal controls over financial reporting (whether or not remediated) and (ii) no
        material change in the Company&#8217;s internal controls over financial reporting; and the Company is not aware of any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company&#8217;s internal
        control over financial reporting.</div>
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        <div id="DSPFPageNumberArea" style="text-align: right;"><font id="DSPFPageNumber" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">8</font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(aa)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Insurance</u>. The Company and each Subsidiary carries, or is covered by, insurance (issued by insurers of recognized financial responsibility to the best knowledge of the Company)
        in such amounts and covering such risks as is appropriate for the conduct of their respective businesses and are consistent with insurance coverage maintained by companies engaged in the same or similar business, all of which insurance is in full
        force and effect. Neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries has any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as
        may be necessary to continue its business at a cost that would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(bb)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Regulatory Matters.</u> Neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries is in violation, or has received notice of any violation with respect to, any applicable safety or similar
        law applicable to the business of the Company or any of the Subsidiaries; the Company and the Subsidiaries have received all permits, licenses or other approvals required of them under applicable federal and state occupational safety and health
        laws and regulations to conduct their respective businesses; and the Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance with all terms and conditions of any such permit license or approval, except any such violation of law or regulation, failure to
        receive required permits, licenses or other approvals or failure to comply with the terms and conditions of such permits, licenses or approvals that would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse
        Effect.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(cc)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Labor Law Compliance</u>. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has violated or has received notice of any violation with respect to any federal or state law relating to the
        employment of labor the violation of any of which would reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(dd)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Compliance with ERISA</u>. Except as would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect (i) the Company and each of the
        Subsidiaries have complied in all material respects with all presently applicable provisions of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, including the regulations and published interpretations thereunder (&#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">ERISA</font>&#8221;) and each employee benefit plan, within the meaning of Section 3(3) of ERISA, that is maintained, administered or contributed to by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries for employees
        or former employees of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has been maintained in compliance in all material respects with its terms and the requirements of any applicable statutes, orders, rules and regulations, including, but not limited to,
        ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Code</font>&#8221;); (ii) the Company and the Subsidiaries have no direct or contingent liability with respect to any plan subject to
        Section 412 of the Code or Title IV of ERISA; (iii) each &#8220;pension plan&#8221; for which the Company and each of the Subsidiaries would have any liability that is intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code is so qualified and nothing has
        occurred, whether by action or by failure to act, which would cause the loss of such qualification; and (iv) no prohibited transaction, within the meaning of Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code, has occurred with respect to any plan
        excluding transactions effected pursuant to a statutory or administrative exemption.</div>
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        <div id="DSPFPageNumberArea" style="text-align: right;"><font id="DSPFPageNumber" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">9</font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(ee)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Environmental Laws and Hazardous Materials</u>. Except as described in both the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus or as would not reasonably be expected, individually
        or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect, (i) neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in violation of any Law, including any judicial or administrative order, consent, decree or judgment, relating to pollution or protection of the
        environment (including, without limitation, ambient air, surface water, groundwater, land surface or subsurface strata) or wildlife, including, without limitation, laws and regulations relating to the release or threatened release of pollutants,
        contaminants, toxic wastes, hazardous wastes, toxic substances, hazardous substances, petroleum or petroleum products or asbestos-containing materials or mold (collectively, &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Hazardous Materials</font>&#8221;)





        or to the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of Hazardous Materials (collectively, &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Environmental Laws</font>&#8221;), (ii) the Company and
        each Subsidiary have all permits, authorizations and approvals required under any applicable Environmental Laws and are each in compliance with their requirements, (iii) there are no pending or, to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary,
        threatened administrative, regulatory or judicial actions, suits, demands, demand letters, claims, liens, notices of noncompliance or violation or proceedings relating to any Environmental Law against the Company or any Subsidiary, and (iv) to the
        knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary, there are no events or circumstances that would reasonably be expected to form the basis of an order for clean-up or remediation, or a proceeding by any private party or Governmental Authority against or
        affecting the Company or any Subsidiary relating to the release of or exposure to Hazardous Materials.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(ff)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>No Broker&#8217;s Fees</u>. The Company has not incurred any liability for any finder&#8217;s fees or similar payments in connection with the transactions herein contemplated.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(gg)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>No Undisclosed Relationships</u>. No relationship, direct or indirect, exists between or among the Company or any of the Subsidiaries on the one hand, and the directors, officers,
        stockholders, customers or suppliers of the Company or any of the Subsidiaries on the other hand, which is required by the Securities Act to be described in the General Disclosure Package and Prospectus, which is not so described.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(hh)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Investment Company Act</u>. The Company is not and, after the offering of the Stock, will not be, an &#8220;investment company&#8221; as such term is defined in the Investment Company Act of
        1940, as amended (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Investment Company Act</font>&#8221;), and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(ii)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>No Labor Dispute</u>. There are no existing or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened labor disputes with the employees of the Company or any of the Subsidiaries that could
        reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(jj)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Sarbanes-Oxley Act</u>. The Company, the Subsidiaries and, to the knowledge of the Company, any of the officers and directors of the Company and the Subsidiaries, in their
        capacities as such, are, and at the Closing Date will be, in compliance in all material respects with the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder that are effective and applicable to the
        Company as of the Closing Date.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(kk)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>No Unlawful Payments</u>. None of the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries or, to the knowledge of the Company, any director, officer, agent, employee or affiliate of such entities
        is aware of or has taken any action, directly or indirectly, that would result in a violation by such persons of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">FCPA</font>&#8221;),
        including, without limitation, making use of the mails or any means or instrumentality of interstate commerce corruptly in furtherance of an offer, payment, promise to pay or authorization of the payment of any money, or other property, gift,
        promise to give, or authorization of the giving of anything of value to any &#8220;foreign official&#8221; (as such term is defined in the FCPA) or any foreign political party or official thereof or any candidate for foreign political office, in contravention
        of the FCPA and the Company and the Subsidiaries and, to the knowledge of the Company, their affiliates have conducted their businesses in compliance with the FCPA. The Company and its Subsidiaries have instituted and maintained and will continue
        to maintain policies and procedures reasonably designed to promote and achieve compliance with such laws and with the representations and warranties contained herein.</div>
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        <div id="DSPFPageNumberArea" style="text-align: right;"><font id="DSPFPageNumber" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">10</font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(ll)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Patriot Act</u>. Neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries, nor, to the Company&#8217;s knowledge, any of the affiliates or any director, officer, agent or employee of, or other
        person associated with or acting on behalf of, the Company, has, violated any applicable provisions of the Bank Secrecy Act, as amended, the Uniting and Strengthening of America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct
        Terrorism Act (USA PATRIOT ACT) of 2001 or the rules and regulations promulgated under any such law or any successor law.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(mm)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Compliance with Money Laundering Laws</u>. The operations of the Company and the Subsidiaries and, to the Company&#8217;s knowledge, its affiliates are and have been conducted at all
        times in compliance with applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, the Money Laundering Control Act of 1986, as amended, any other money laundering
        statutes and &#8220;know your customer&#8221; laws of all jurisdictions, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any governmental agency (collectively, the &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Money Laundering Laws</font>&#8221;), and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any Governmental Authority involving the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or, to the Company&#8217;s knowledge, any of its
        affiliates, with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the Company&#8217;s knowledge, threatened.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(nn)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Compliance with Sanctions</u>. Neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries, nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any director, officer, employee, agent, affiliate of, or other
        person associated with or acting on behalf of the Company or any of the Subsidiaries is currently the subject or the target of any sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S. government (including, without limitation, the Office of Foreign
        Assets Control of the U.S. Department of the Treasury (&#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">OFAC</font>&#8221;) or the U.S. Department of State and including, without limitation, the designation as a &#8220;specially designated national&#8221; or
        &#8220;blocked person&#8221;), the United Nations Security Council (&#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">UNSC</font>&#8221;), the European Union, Her Majesty&#8217;s Treasury (&#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">HMT</font>&#8221;) or other
        relevant sanctions authority (collectively, &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Sanctions</font>&#8221;), nor is the Company or any of the Subsidiaries located, organized or resident in a country or territory that is the subject or
        target of comprehensive Sanctions broadly prohibiting dealings in, with and involving such country or territory (each, a &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Sanctioned Country</font>&#8221;). For the past five years, the Company and the
        Subsidiaries have not knowingly engaged in and are not now knowingly engaged in any dealings or transactions with any person that at the time of the dealing or transaction is or was the subject or the target of Sanctions or with any Sanctioned
        Country.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(oo)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Forward-Looking Statements</u>. No forward-looking statement (within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act) contained in the General
        Disclosure Package or the Prospectus has been made or reaffirmed without a reasonable basis or has been disclosed other than in good faith, as of the date of such forward-looking statement.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(pp)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Taxes</u>. Except where such failure to file or pay an assessment or imposition of a lien would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material
        Adverse Effect or where such matters are the result of a pending bona fide dispute with taxing authorities for which appropriate reserves have been made under GAAP, (i) the Company and each Subsidiary have accurately prepared and timely filed any
        and all federal, state, local, foreign and other tax returns that are required to be filed by them, if any, and have paid or made adequate provision for the payment of all taxes, assessments, and governmental or other similar charges, including
        without limitation, all sales and use taxes and all taxes that the Company or the Subsidiaries are obligated to withhold from amounts owing to employees, creditors and third parties (whether or not such amounts are shown as due on any tax return),
        (ii) no deficiency assessment with respect to a proposed adjustment of the Company&#8217;s or a Subsidiary&#8217;s federal, state, local or foreign taxes is pending or, to the best of the Company&#8217;s knowledge, threatened; (iii) all tax liabilities are
        adequately provided for on the audited financial statements of the Company and the Subsidiaries; (iv) since the date of the most recent financial statements in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, neither the Company nor any
        Subsidiary has incurred any liability for taxes other than in the ordinary course of its business; and (v) there is no tax lien, whether imposed by any federal, state, foreign or other taxing authority, outstanding against the assets, properties or
        business of the Company or any Subsidiary.</div>
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      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(qq)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Company Activities</u>. (i) None of the Company, any of the Subsidiaries or, to the Company&#8217;s knowledge, any person acting on behalf of the Company or any subsidiary has
        cultivated, produced, processed, imported or distributed, or has any current intention to cultivate, produce, process, import or distribute, any cannabis or cannabinoid product or has otherwise engaged, or has any current intention to otherwise
        engage, in any direct or indirect dealings or transactions in or to the United States of America, its territories and possessions, any state of the United States and the District of Columbia or any other federal, provincial, state, municipal, local
        or foreign jurisdiction where such activity is illegal, (ii) neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has operated in or exported any cannabis or cannabinoid product to any jurisdiction where such activities are not in compliance with all
        applicable federal, state or provincial laws; and (iii) the Company and its Subsidiaries have instituted and maintained and will continue to maintain policies and procedures reasonably designed to ensure that the Company and its Subsidiaries do not
        carry on any activities in, or distribute any products to, any jurisdiction where such activities or products are not in compliance with all applicable federal, state or provincial laws, except in each instance as would not reasonably be expected,
        individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(rr)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>U.S. Criminal Laws</u>. Neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries has engaged in, or will engage in, (i) any direct or indirect dealings or transactions in violation of U.S.
        federal or state criminal laws, including, without limitation, the Controlled Substances Act, the Racketeering Influenced and Corrupt Practices Act, the Travel Act or any anti-money laundering statute, or (ii) any &#8220;aiding and abetting&#8221; in any
        violation of U.S. federal or state criminal laws.&#160; No action, suit or proceeding by or before any U.S. court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any of the Subsidiaries with respect to U.S. federal
        or state criminal laws is pending or threatened.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(ss)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>IT Systems</u>.&#160; (i)(x)There has been no reportable security breach or attack or other compromise of or relating to any of the Company&#8217;s and the Subsidiaries&#8217; information
        technology and computer systems, networks, hardware, software, data (including the data of their respective customers, employees, suppliers, vendors and any third party data maintained by or on behalf of them), equipment or technology (&#8220;<u>IT
          Systems and Data</u>&#8221;), and (y) the Company and the Subsidiaries have not been notified of, and have no knowledge of any event or condition that would reasonably be expected to result in any reportable security breach, attack or compromise to
        their IT Systems and Data, (ii) the Company and the Subsidiaries have complied, and are, in all material respects, presently in compliance with, all applicable laws, statutes or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any court or arbitrator or
        governmental or regulatory authority and all industry guidelines, standards, internal policies and contractual obligations relating to the privacy and security of IT Systems and Data and to the protection of such IT Systems and Data from
        unauthorized use, access, misappropriation or modification and (iii) the Company and its subsidiaries have implemented backup and disaster recovery technology consistent with industry standards and practice in all material respects.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(tt)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Listing</u>. The Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act and are listed on NYSE and the Company has taken no action designed to, or likely to have
        the effect of, terminating the registration of the shares of Common Stock under the Exchange Act or delisting the shares of Common Stock from NYSE, nor has the Company received any notification that the SEC or NYSE is contemplating terminating such
        registration or listing. To the Company&#8217;s knowledge, it is in compliance with all applicable listing requirements of NYSE.</div>
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        <div id="DSPFPageNumberArea" style="text-align: right;"><font id="DSPFPageNumber" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">12</font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(uu)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Statistical and Market Data</u>. The statistical and market related data included or incorporated by reference in the General Disclosure Package and Prospectus are based on or
        derived from sources that the Company believes to be reliable and accurate in all material respects.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(vv)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Transfer Agent</u>. EQ Shareowner Services has been duly appointed as the registrar and transfer agent of the Company with respect to the Common Stock.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(ww)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>No Registration Rights</u>.&#160; No person or entity has the right to require registration of shares of Common Stock or other securities of the Company or any of its subsidiaries
        because of the filing or effectiveness of the Registration Statement or otherwise, except for persons and entities who have expressly waived such right in writing or who have been given timely and proper written notice and have failed to exercise
        such right within the time or times required under the terms and conditions of such right.&#160; Other than the Registration Rights Agreement dated May 10, 2016 by and among the Company and the stockholders named therein, except as described in the
        General Disclosure Package, there are no persons with registration rights or similar rights to have any securities registered by the Company or any of its subsidiaries under the Securities Act.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(xx)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>SDI Merger</u>.&#160; The Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Merger Agreement</font>&#8221;) dated as of April 7, 2020,
        by and among the Company, Standard Diversified Inc. (&#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">SDI</font>&#8221;) and Standard Merger Sub, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (&#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Merger Sub</font>&#8221;), has been duly executed and delivered by each of the Company and Merger Sub and, assuming the due authorization, execution and delivery by SDI, constitutes the legal, valid, and
        binding obligation of the Company and Merger Sub, enforceable against each of the Company and Merger Sub in accordance with its terms, subject to laws of general application relating to bankruptcy, insolvency, and the relief of debtors and laws
        governing specific performance, injunctive relief, and other equitable remedies.&#160; Assuming (i) the filing of a Certificate of Merger with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware and (ii) such consents, as may be required under applicable
        federal and state securities laws, the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended, and all applicable foreign competition laws, if any, and the rules of the New York Stock Exchange, the consummation of the merger and other
        transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement will not (with or without notice or lapse of time or both) (x) conflict with or result in a breach or violation of any of the terms or provisions of, constitute a default under, or result in the
        creation or imposition of any lien, encumbrance, security interest, claim or charge upon any property or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary pursuant to, any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement or other agreement or instrument to
        which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or by which the Company or the Subsidiaries is bound or to which any of the property or assets of the Company or the Subsidiaries is subject, (y) result in any violation of the provisions of
        the charter or by-laws (or analogous governing instruments, as applicable) of the Company or the Subsidiaries or (z) result in the violation of any law, statute, rule, regulation, judgment, order or decree of any court or governmental or regulatory
        agency or body, domestic or foreign, having jurisdiction over the Company or the Subsidiaries or any of their properties or assets except, in the case of clauses (x) and (z) above, for any such conflict, breach, violation or default that would not,
        individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(yy)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>No Associated Persons; FINRA Matters</u>.&#160; Neither the Company nor any of its affiliates (within the meaning of FINRA Rule 5121(f)(1)) directly, or indirectly through one or more
        intermediaries, controls or has any other association with any member firm of FINRA (for the avoidance of doubt, for purposes of this Section 3(i)(yy), the term &#8220;affiliates&#8221; shall not include Standard General L.P. and investment funds controlled or
        managed by Standard General L.P., or Standard Diversified Inc.).</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(zz)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Debt Securities</u>. None of the Company&#8217;s debt securities (it being agreed that the borrowings outstanding under the Company&#8217;s credit facilities are not debt securities) are rated
        by any &#8220;nationally recognized fiscal rating organization&#8221;, as that term is defined by the Commission for purposes of 436(g)(2) of the Rules and Regulations.</div>
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        <div id="DSPFPageNumberArea" style="text-align: right;"><font id="DSPFPageNumber" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">13</font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(aaa)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Certificates</u>. Any certificate signed by or on behalf of the Company and delivered to the Underwriter or to counsel for the Underwriter shall be deemed to be a representation
        and warranty by the Company to the Underwriter as to the matters covered thereby.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 22.3pt; text-align: justify;">(ii)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-variant: small-caps;">Representations and Warranties and Agreements of the Selling stockholders.</font>&#160; Each Selling stockholder severally and
        not jointly represents and warrants to the Underwriter, as of the date hereof and as of each Closing Date, and agrees with the Underwriter, that:</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(a)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Valid Title.</u>&#160; Such Selling stockholder has, and immediately prior to the Closing Date (as defined in Section 3 hereof) the Selling stockholder will have, good and valid title
        to, or a valid &#8220;security entitlement&#8221; within the meaning of Section 8-501 of the New York Uniform Commercial Code (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">UCC</font>&#8221;) in respect of, the shares of Stock to be sold by the Selling
        stockholder hereunder on such date, free and clear of all liens, security interests, encumbrances, equities or claims of any kind, other than pursuant to this Agreement. Upon payment for the shares of Stock to be sold by such Selling stockholder
        pursuant to this Agreement, delivery of such shares, as directed by the Underwriter, to Cede &amp; Co. (&#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Cede</font>&#8221;) or such other nominee as may be designated by the Depository Trust Company
        (&#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">DTC</font>&#8221;) (unless delivery of such shares is unnecessary because such shares are already in possession of Cede or such nominee), registration of such shares in the name of Cede or such other
        nominee (unless registration of such shares is unnecessary because such shares are already registered in the name of Cede or such nominee), and the crediting of such shares on the books of DTC to securities account of the Underwriter (assuming that
        neither DTC nor any such Underwriter has notice of any &#8220;adverse claim,&#8221; within the meaning of Section 8-105 of the UCC to such shares), (A) DTC shall be a &#8220;protected purchaser&#8221; of such shares within the meaning of Section 8-303 of the UCC and will
        acquire its interest in the shares (including without limitation, all rights that such Selling stockholder had or has the power to transfer in such shares) free and clear of any &#8220;adverse claim&#8221; within in the meaning of Section 8-102 of the UCC, (B)
        under Section 8-501 of the UCC, the Underwriter will acquire a valid security entitlement in respect of such shares and (C) no action based on any &#8220;adverse claim&#8221; within the meaning of Section 8-102 of the UCC to such shares may be asserted against
        the Underwriter with respect to such security entitlement; for purposes of this representation, such Selling stockholder may assume that when such payment, delivery (if necessary) and crediting occur, (x) such shares will have been registered in
        the name of Cede or another nominee designated by DTC, in each case on the Company's share registry in accordance with the Company&#8217;s charter, bylaws and applicable law, (y) DTC will be registered as a &#8220;clearing corporation&#8221; within the meaning of
        Section 8-102 of the UCC and (z) appropriate entries to the accounts of the Underwriter on the records of DTC will have been made pursuant to the UCC.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(b)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Underwriting Agreement</u>.&#160; This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by or on behalf of such Selling stockholder.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(c)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Due Authorization; No Conflict; No Consent</u>.&#160; Such Selling stockholder has full right, power and authority to enter into this Agreement; the execution, delivery and performance
        of this Agreement by such Selling stockholder, the consummation by such Selling stockholder of the transactions contemplated hereby and the compliance by such Selling stockholder with its obligations hereunder and thereunder have been duly
        authorized and do not and will not (with or without notice or lapse of time or both) conflict with or result in a breach or violation of any of the terms or provisions of, constitute a default under, or give rise to the creation or imposition of
        any lien, encumbrance, security interest, claim or charge upon the Stock to be sold by such Selling stockholder hereunder or any other property or assets of such Selling stockholder pursuant to, any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan
        agreement or other agreement or instrument to which such Selling stockholder is a party or by which the Selling stockholder is bound or to which any of the property or assets of the Selling stockholder is subject, nor will such actions result in
        any violation of the charter or by-laws (or analogous governing instruments, as applicable) of the Selling stockholder or the articles of partnership of the Selling stockholder, as applicable, or any law, statute, rule, regulation, judgment, order
        or decree of any court or governmental agency or body, domestic or foreign, having jurisdiction over the Selling stockholder or any property or assets of the Selling stockholder; and, except for the registration of the Stock under the Securities
        Act and such consents, approvals, authorizations, registrations or qualifications as may be required under applicable state securities laws in connection with the purchase and distribution of the Stock by the Underwriter, no consent, approval,
        authorization or order of, or filing or registration with, any such court or governmental or non-governmental agency or body is required for the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by such Selling stockholder, and the consummation
        by such Selling stockholder of the transactions contemplated hereby.</div>
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        <div id="DSPFPageNumberArea" style="text-align: right;"><font id="DSPFPageNumber" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">14</font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(d)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>No Material Misstatements</u>.&#160; At the most recent time the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto became or become effective, at the date of this Agreement and at the
        Closing Date, the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto did not and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein
        not misleading; and the General Disclosure Package, the Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto, at time the General Disclosure Package, the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto were issued and at the Applicable Time and
        at the Closing Date, did not and will not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which
        they were made, not misleading;<font style="font-style: italic;"> provided</font>, <font style="font-style: italic;">however</font>, that the foregoing representations and warranties in this paragraph (d) shall not apply to information contained
        in or omitted from the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company through the Representative by or on behalf of any Underwriter
        specifically for inclusion therein, which information the parties hereto agree is limited to the Underwriter&#8217;s Information.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(e)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>No Material, Non-Public Information</u>.&#160; Such Selling stockholder is not prompted to sell its Stock pursuant to this Agreement by any material information concerning the Company or
        its subsidiaries that has not been disclosed in the General Disclosure Package.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(f)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>No Stabilization</u>.&#160; Such Selling stockholder has not taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed or intended to stabilize or manipulate the price of any security of the
        Company, or which caused or resulted in, or which might reasonably be expected to cause or result in, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(g)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Associated Persons</u>.&#160; Neither the Selling stockholder nor any of its affiliates (within the meaning of FINRA Rule 5121(f)(1)) directly or indirectly controls, is controlled by,
        or is under common control with, or is an associated person (within the meaning of Article I, Section 1(ee) of the By-laws of FINRA) of, any member firm of FINRA.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: justify;">Any certificate signed by or on behalf of a Selling stockholder and delivered to the Underwriter or to counsel for the Underwriter shall be deemed to be a representation and warranty by such Selling stockholder to
        the Underwriter as to the matters covered thereby.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: justify;">3.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-variant: small-caps;">Purchase, Sale and Delivery of Offered Securities</font>.&#160; On the basis of the representations, warranties and agreements herein contained, but subject to the terms
        and conditions herein set forth, each Selling stockholder agrees to sell to the Underwriter, and the Underwriter agrees to purchase from each Selling stockholder the respective numbers of shares of Firm Stock set forth opposite the names of the
        Underwriter in <u>Schedule A</u> hereto.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-indent: 36pt; text-align: justify;">The purchase price per share to be paid by the Underwriter to the Selling stockholders for the Stock will be $22.4425 per share (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Purchase
          Price</font>&#8221;).</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-indent: 36pt; text-align: justify;">The Selling stockholders will deliver the Firm Stock to the Underwriter through the facilities of The Depository Trust Company, in each such case, issued in such names and in such denominations as
        the Underwriter may direct by notice in writing to the Company given at or prior to 12:00 Noon, New York time, on the second (2<sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">nd</sup>) full business day preceding the
        Closing Date against payment of the aggregate Purchase Price therefor by wire transfer in federal (same day) funds to an account at a bank specified by the Company for the Firm Stock sold by the Selling stockholders all at the offices of Cooley
        LLP.&#160; Time shall be of the essence, and delivery at the time and place specified pursuant to this Agreement is a further condition of the obligations of the Underwriter hereunder.&#160; The time and date of the delivery and closing shall be at 10:00
        A.M., New York time, on July 13, 2020, in accordance with Rule 15c6&#8209;1 of the Exchange Act.&#160; The time and date of such payment and delivery are herein referred to as the &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Closing Date</font>&#8221;.&#160;
        The Closing Date and the location of delivery of, and the form of payment for, the Stock may be varied by agreement among the Company, the Selling stockholders and the Underwriter.</div>
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      </div>
      <div style="text-indent: 36pt; text-align: justify;">If any of the Shares are certificated, the Selling stockholders shall make certificates for the Firm Stock available to the Underwriter for examination in New York, New York at least one (1) full
        business day prior to the Closing Date.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-indent: 36pt; text-align: justify;">For the purpose of covering any over&#8209;allotments in connection with the distribution and sale of the Firm Stock as contemplated by the Prospectus the Underwriter may purchase all or less than all of
        the Optional Stock.&#160; The price per share to be paid for the Optional Stock shall be the Purchase Price.&#160; The applicable Selling stockholders agree, severally and not jointly, to sell to the Underwriter the respective numbers of shares of Optional
        Stock obtained by multiplying the number of shares of Optional Stock specified in such notice by a fraction the numerator of which is the number of shares set forth opposite the names of such Selling stockholders in <u>Schedule B</u> hereto under
        the caption &#8220;Number of Optional Shares to be Sold&#8221; and the denominator of which is the total number of shares of Optional Stock (subject to adjustment by the Underwriter to eliminate fractions).&#160; Such shares of Optional Stock shall be purchased
        from each applicable Selling stockholder for the account of each Underwriter in the same proportion as the number of shares of Optional Stock set forth opposite such Underwriter&#8217;s name on <u>Schedule A</u> bears to the total number of shares of
        Optional Stock (subject to adjustment by the Underwriter to eliminate fractions).&#160; The option granted hereby may be exercised as to all or any part of the Optional Stock at any time, and from time to time, <font style="font-style: italic;">provided</font>&#160;<font style="font-style: italic;">however</font>, that notice of such exercise must be delivered not more than two (2) business days subsequent to the date of this Agreement and settlement of such purchase and sale must occur on the Closing Date.&#160; No
        Optional Stock shall be sold and delivered unless the Firm Stock previously has been, or simultaneously is, sold and delivered.&#160; The right to purchase the Optional Stock or any portion thereof may be surrendered and terminated at any time upon
        notice by the Underwriter to the Selling stockholders.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-indent: 36pt; text-align: justify;">The option granted hereby shall be exercised by written notice being given to the Selling stockholders&#160; setting forth the number of shares of the Optional Stock to be purchased by the Underwriter
        and the date and time for delivery of and payment for the Optional Stock. The date and time for delivery of and payment for the Optional Stock will be the Closing Date.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-indent: 36pt; text-align: justify;">The Selling stockholders will deliver the Optional Stock to the Underwriter&#160; through the facilities of The Depository Trust Company issued in such names and in such denominations as the Underwriter
        may direct by notice in writing to the Company and Standard General L.P. given at or prior to 12:00 Noon, New York time, on the business day preceding the Closing Date against payment of the aggregate Purchase Price therefor by wire transfer in
        federal (same day) funds to an account at a bank acceptable to the Underwriter payable to the order of the Selling stockholders for the Optional Stock sold by them, all at the offices of Cooley LLP.&#160; Time shall be of the essence, and delivery at
        the time and place specified pursuant to this Agreement is a further condition of the obligations of each Underwriter hereunder.&#160; If any of the Shares are certificated, the Selling stockholders shall make the certificates for the Optional Stock
        available to the Underwriter for examination in New York, New York not later than 10:00 A.M., New York Time, at least one (1) full business day prior to the Closing Date.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-indent: 36pt; text-align: justify;">The Underwriter proposes to offer the Stock for sale upon the terms and conditions set forth in the Prospectus.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: justify;">4.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-variant: small-caps;">Further Agreements Of The Company</font>.&#160; The Company agrees with the&#160; Underwriter:</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(a)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Required Filings; Amendments or Supplements; Notice to the Underwriter</u>.&#160; To prepare the Prospectus in a form approved by the Underwriter containing information previously
        omitted at the time of effectiveness of the Registration Statement in reliance on Rules 430A, 430B or 430C of the Rules and Regulations and to file such Prospectus pursuant to Rule 424(b) of the Rules and Regulations not later than the second
        business (2<sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">nd</sup>) day following the execution and delivery of this Agreement or, if applicable, such earlier time as may be required by the Securities Act; to notify the
        Underwriter immediately of the Company&#8217;s intention to file or prepare any supplement or amendment to the Registration Statement or to the Prospectus and to make no amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure
        Package or to the Prospectus to which the Underwriter shall reasonably object by notice to the Company after a reasonable period to review (other than reports required under the Exchange Act); to advise the Underwriter, promptly after it receives
        notice thereof, of the time when any amendment to the Registration Statement has been filed or becomes effective or any supplement to the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus or any amended Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus
        has been filed and to furnish the Underwriter with copies thereof; to file promptly all material required to be filed by the Company with the Commission pursuant to Rules 433(d) or 163(b)(2) of the Rules and Regulations, as the case may be; to file
        promptly all reports and any definitive proxy or information statements required to be filed by the Company with the Commission pursuant to Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act subsequent to the date of the Prospectus and for so
        long as the delivery of a prospectus (or in lieu thereof, the notice referred to in Rule 173(a) of the Rules and Regulations) is required in connection with the offering or sale of the Stock; to advise the Underwriter, promptly after it receives
        notice thereof, of the issuance by the Commission of any stop order or of any order preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, the Prospectus, of the suspension of the qualification of the
        Stock for offering or sale in any jurisdiction, of the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for any such purpose, or of any request by the Commission for the amending or supplementing of the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure
        Package or the Prospectus or for additional information; and, in the event of the issuance of any stop order or of any order preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or the Prospectus or
        suspending any such qualification, and promptly to use its best efforts to obtain the withdrawal of such order.</div>
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        <div id="DSPFPageNumberArea" style="text-align: right;"><font id="DSPFPageNumber" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">16</font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(b)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Permitted Free Writing Prospectus</u>.&#160; The Company represents and agrees that it has not made and will not, make any offer relating to the Stock that would constitute a &#8220;free
        writing prospectus&#8221; as defined in Rule 405 of the Rules and Regulations unless the prior written consent of the Underwriter has been received (each, a &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Permitted Free Writing Prospectus</font>&#8221;);<font style="font-style: italic;"> provided</font> that the prior written consent of the Underwriter hereto shall be deemed to have been given in respect of the Issuer Free Writing Prospectus included in <u>Schedule C</u> hereto.&#160; The Company
        represents that it has treated and agrees that it will treat each Permitted Free Writing Prospectus as an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, comply with the requirements of Rules 164 and 433 of the Rules and Regulations applicable to any Issuer Free
        Writing Prospectus, including the requirements relating to timely filing with the Commission, legending and record keeping and will not take any action that would result in an Underwriter or the Company being required to file with the Commission
        pursuant to Rule 433(d) of the Rules and Regulations a free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of such Underwriter that such Underwriter otherwise would not have been required to file thereunder.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(c)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Ongoing Compliance</u>.&#160; If at any time prior to the date when a prospectus relating to the Stock is required to be delivered (or in lieu thereof, the notice referred to in Rule
        173(a) under the Securities Act)&#160; any event occurs or condition exists as a result of which the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented would include any untrue statement of a material fact, or omit to state any material fact necessary to make
        the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made when the Prospectus is delivered (or in lieu thereof, the notice referred to in Rule 173(a) of the Rules and Regulations), not misleading, or if it is necessary during
        such time to amend or supplement the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or to file under the Exchange Act any document incorporated by reference in the Prospectus to comply with the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, that the Company will
        promptly notify the Underwriter thereof and upon their request will prepare an appropriate amendment or supplement or upon their request make an appropriate filing pursuant to Section 13 or 14 of the Exchange Act in form and substance reasonably
        satisfactory to the Underwriter which will correct such statement or omission or effect such compliance and will use its reasonable best efforts to have any amendment to the Registration Statement declared effective as soon as possible.&#160; The
        Company will furnish without charge to the Underwriter and to any dealer in securities as many copies of the Prospectus as the Underwriter may from time to time reasonably request of such amendment or supplement.</div>
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      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(d)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Amendment to General Disclosure Package</u>.&#160; If the General Disclosure Package is being used to solicit offers to buy the Stock at a time when the Prospectus is not yet available
        to prospective purchasers and any event shall occur as a result of which, in the judgment of the Company or in the reasonable opinion of the Underwriter, it becomes necessary to amend or supplement the General Disclosure Package in order to make
        the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances then prevailing, not misleading, or if it is necessary at any time to amend or supplement the General Disclosure Package to comply with any law, the Company promptly will either (i) prepare,
        file with the Commission (if required) and furnish to the Underwriter and any dealers an appropriate amendment or supplement to the General Disclosure Package or (ii) prepare and file with the Commission an appropriate filing under the Exchange Act
        which shall be incorporated by reference in the General Disclosure Package so that the General Disclosure Package as so amended or supplemented will not, in the light of the circumstances then prevailing, be misleading, or so that the General
        Disclosure Package will comply with law.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(e)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Amendment to Issuer Free Writing Prospectus</u>.&#160; If at any time following issuance of an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus there occurred or occurs an event or development as a result
        of which such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus conflicted or will conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement, Preliminary Prospectus or Prospectus, including any document incorporated by reference therein and any prospectus
        supplement deemed to be a part thereof and not superseded or modified or, when taken together with the Registration Statement, Preliminary Prospectus Supplement or Prospectus, as applicable, included or would include an untrue statement of a
        material fact or omitted or would omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances prevailing at the subsequent time, not misleading, the Company has
        promptly notified or will promptly notify the Underwriter so that any use of the Issuer Free Writing Prospectus may cease until it is amended or supplemented and has promptly amended or will promptly amend or supplement, at its own expense, such
        Issuer Free Writing Prospectus to eliminate or correct such conflict, untrue statement or omission.&#160; The foregoing sentence does not apply to statements in or omissions from any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus in reliance upon, and in conformity
        with, written information furnished to the Company by the Underwriter specifically for inclusion therein, which information the parties hereto agree is limited to the Underwriter&#8217;s Information.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(f)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Delivery of Copies</u>.&#160; Upon request of the Underwriter, to the extent not available on EDGAR, to deliver promptly to the Underwriter in New York City such number of the following
        documents as the Underwriter shall reasonably request:&#160; (i) conformed copies of the Registration Statement as originally filed with the Commission (in each case excluding exhibits), (ii) each Preliminary Prospectus, (iii) any Issuer Free Writing
        Prospectus, (iv) the Prospectus (the delivery of the documents referred to in clauses (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) of this paragraph (h) to be made not later than 10:00 A.M., New York time, on the business day following the execution and delivery of
        this Agreement), (v) conformed copies of any amendment to the Registration Statement (excluding exhibits), (vi) any amendment or supplement to the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus (the delivery of the documents referred to in clauses
        (v) and (vi) of this paragraph (h) to be made not later than 10:00 A.M., New York City time, on the business day following the date of such amendment or supplement) and (vii) any document incorporated by reference in the General Disclosure Package
        or the Prospectus (excluding exhibits thereto) (the delivery of the documents referred to in clause (vi) of this paragraph (h) to be made not later than 10:00 A.M., New York City time, on the business day following the date of such document).</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(g)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Earnings Statement</u>.&#160; To make generally available to its stockholders as soon as practicable, but in any event not later than sixteen (16) months after the effective date of the
        Registration Statement (as defined in Rule 158(c) of the Rules and Regulations), an earnings statement of the Company and its subsidiaries (which need not be audited) complying with Section 11(a) of the Securities Act (including, at the option of
        the Company, Rule 158).</div>
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        <div id="DSPFPageNumberArea" style="text-align: right;"><font id="DSPFPageNumber" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">18</font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(h)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Blue Sky Compliance</u>.&#160; To take promptly from time to time such actions as the Underwriter may reasonably request to qualify the Stock for offering and sale under the securities
        or Blue Sky laws of such jurisdictions (domestic or foreign) as the Underwriter may reasonably designate and to continue such qualifications in effect, and to comply with such laws, for so long as required to permit the offer and sale of Stock in
        such jurisdictions; <font style="font-style: italic;">provided</font> that the Company and its subsidiaries shall not be obligated to (i) qualify as foreign corporations in any jurisdiction in which they are not so qualified, (ii) file a general
        consent to service of process in any jurisdiction or (iii) subject itself to taxation in any such jurisdiction if it is not otherwise so subject.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(i)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Reports</u>.&#160; Upon request, during the period of one (1) year from the date hereof, to deliver to the Underwriter, (i) as soon as they are available, copies of all reports or other
        communications (financial or other) furnished to stockholders, and (ii) as soon as they are available, copies of any reports and financial statements furnished or filed with the Commission or any national securities exchange on which the Stock is
        listed.&#160; However, so long as the Company is subject to the reporting requirements of either Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act and is timely filing reports EDGAR, it is not required to furnish such reports or statements to the
        Underwriter.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(j)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Lock-Up</u>. During the period commencing on and including the date hereof and ending on and including the (90th) day following the date of this Agreement, (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Lock-Up Period</font>&#8221;) the Company will not, without the prior written consent of the Underwriter (which consent may be withheld at the sole discretion of the Underwriter), directly or indirectly
        offer, sell (including, without limitation, any short sale), assign, transfer, pledge, contract to sell, establish an open &#8220;put equivalent position&#8221; within the meaning of Rule 16a-1(h) under the Exchange Act, or otherwise dispose of, or announce
        the offering of, or submit or file any registration statement under the Securities Act in respect of, any Common Stock, options, rights or warrants to acquire Common Stock or securities exchangeable or exercisable for or convertible into Common
        Stock (other than is contemplated by this Agreement with respect to the Stock) or publicly announce any intention to do any of the foregoing; <font style="font-style: italic;">provided, however</font>, that the Company may (i) issue Common Stock
        and options to purchase Common Stock, shares of Common Stock underlying options granted and other securities, each pursuant to any director or employee stock option plan, stock ownership plan or dividend reinvestment plan of the Company in effect
        on the date hereof and described in the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus; (ii) issue Common Stock pursuant to the conversion of securities or the exercise of warrants, which securities or warrants are outstanding on the date hereof and
        described in the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus; (iii) issue Common Stock or securities convertible into Common Stock in connection with an acquisition or business combination and the filing or a registration statement providing for
        the resale thereof; provided that the aggregate number of shares or securities issued pursuant to this clause (iii) shall not exceed 10% of the total number of outstanding shares of Common Stock immediately following the issuance and sale of the
        Firm Stock pursuant hereto; (iv) file a registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC, provided that no sales may be made under such registration statement during the Lock-Up Period; (v) issue stock in connection with the SDI merger; (vi) adopt a
        new equity incentive plan, and file a registration statement on Form S-8 under the Securities Act to register the offer and sale of securities to be issued pursuant to such new equity incentive plan, and issue securities pursuant to such new equity
        incentive plan (including, without limitation, the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon the exercise of options or other securities issued pursuant to such new equity incentive plan), <font style="font-style: italic;">provided</font> that such
        new equity incentive plan satisfies the transaction requirements of General Instruction A.1 of Form S-8 under the Securities Act. The Company will cause each person and entity listed in <u>Schedule F</u> to furnish to the Underwriter, prior to the
        Closing Date, a &#8220;lock-up&#8221; agreement, substantially in the form of <u>Exhibit A</u> hereto. In addition, if so requested by the Underwriter in writing, and only to the extent that the transfer agent holds such securities at the relevant time, the
        Company will direct the transfer agent to place stop transfer restrictions upon any such securities of the Company that are bound by such &#8220;lock up&#8221; agreements.</div>
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      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(k)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <u>Delivery of SEC Correspondence</u>.&#160; To supply the Underwriter with copies of all correspondence to and from, and all documents issued to and by, the Commission in connection with
        the registration of the Stock under the Securities Act or any of the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto or document incorporated by reference therein.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(l)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Press Releases</u>.&#160; Prior to the Closing Date, not to issue any press release or other communication directly or indirectly or hold any press conference with respect to the
        Company, its condition, financial or otherwise, or earnings, business affairs or business prospects (except for routine oral marketing communications in the ordinary course of business and consistent with the past practices of the Company and of
        which the Underwriter is notified), without the prior consent of the Underwriter (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld), unless in the judgment of the Company and its counsel, and after notification to the Underwriter, such press
        release or communication is required by law.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(m)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <u>Compliance with Regulation M</u>.&#160; Until the Underwriter has notified the Company of the completion of the resale of the Stock, that the Company will not, and will use its reasonable
        best efforts to cause its affiliated purchasers (as defined in Regulation M under the Exchange Act) not to, either alone or with one or more other persons, bid for or purchase, for any account in which it or any of its affiliated purchasers has a
        beneficial interest, any Stock, or attempt to induce any person to purchase any Stock; and not to, and to use its reasonable best efforts to cause its affiliated purchasers that it controls not to, make bids or purchase for the purpose of creating
        actual, or apparent, active trading in or of raising the price of the Stock.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(n)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Registrar and Transfer Agent</u>.&#160; To maintain, at its expense, a registrar and transfer agent for the Stock.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(o)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Exchange Listing</u>.&#160; To use its reasonable best efforts to maintain the listing of the Stock on the Exchange.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-indent: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(ii)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps;">Further Agreements of the Selling stockholders.</font>&#160; Each Selling stockholder, severally and not jointly, agrees with
        the Underwriter that:</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(a)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Lock-up</u>. Such Selling stockholder. will not directly or indirectly, during the Lock-Up Period, without the prior written consent of the Underwriter: (i) offer, sell, assign,
        transfer, pledge, contract to sell, or otherwise dispose of, or announce the intention to otherwise dispose of, any shares of Common Stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock (including, without
        limitation, shares of Common Stock or any such securities which may be deemed to be beneficially owned by such Selling stockholder in accordance with the Rules and Regulations); (ii) enter into any swap, hedge or other agreement or arrangement that
        transfers, in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, the economic risk of ownership of Common Stock or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock (whether such swap or transaction is to be settled by delivery of
        securities described in (i) of this paragraph (a), cash or otherwise); (iii) engage in any short selling of any Common Stock or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock; (iv) file or participate in the filing with
        the Commission of the registration statement, or circulate or participate in the circulation of any preliminary prospectus or prospectus or other disclosure document with respect to any proposed offering of any Common Stock or any securities
        convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock; or (v) exercise any right such Selling stockholder may have to require the registration with the Commission of any proposed offering or sale of any shares of Common Stock or
        securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock, other than the sale of the Stock hereunder. In order to enable this covenant to be enforced, such Stockholder hereby consents to the placing of legends or stop transfer
        instructions with the Company&#8217;s transfer agent with respect to any Common Stock or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock. This Section 4(ii)(a) shall not apply to the transactions contemplated by the Merger
        Agreement, including without limitation the merger of SDI with and into Merger Sub.</div>
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      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(b)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>No Stabilization</u>.&#160; Such Selling stockholder will not take, directly or indirectly, any action designed or intended to stabilize or manipulate the price of any security of the
        Company, or that might reasonably be expected to cause or result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(c)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Forms W-8 and W-9</u>.&#160; Such Selling stockholder will deliver to the Underwriter on or prior to the Closing Date a properly completed and executed United States Treasury Department
        Form W-8 (if the Selling stockholder is a non-United States person) or Form W-9 (if the Selling stockholder is a United States person) or such other applicable form or statement specified by Treasury Department regulations in lieu thereof.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(d)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Free Writing Prospectuses</u>.&#160; Such Selling stockholder agrees that it will not prepare or have prepared on its behalf or use or refer to any "free writing prospectus" (as defined
        in Rule 405 of&#160; the Rules and Regulations) and agrees that it will not distribute any written materials in connection with the offer or sale of the Stock.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(e)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Selling stockholder Information</u>.&#160; During the period when delivery of a prospectus (or, in lieu thereof, the notice referred to under Rule 173(a) of the Rules and Regulations) is
        required under the Securities Act, such Selling stockholder will advise the Underwriter promptly, and will confirm such advice in writing to the Underwriter, of any change in the information relating to such Selling stockholder in the Registration
        Statement, the Prospectus or any document comprising the General Disclosure Package.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: justify;">5.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps;">Payment of Expenses</font>.&#160; The Company agrees to pay, or reimburse if paid by the Underwriter, whether or not the transactions contemplated
        hereby are consummated or this Agreement is terminated:&#160; (a) the costs incident to the authorization, sale, preparation and delivery of the Stock by the Selling stockholders and any taxes payable in that connection; (b) the costs incident to the
        registration of the Stock under the Securities Act; (c) the costs incident to the preparation, printing and distribution of the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, the General Disclosure Package,
        the Prospectus, any amendments, supplements and exhibits thereto or any document incorporated by reference therein and the costs of printing, the Master Selected Dealers&#8217; Agreement, the Underwriter&#8217;s Questionnaire, this Agreement and any closing
        documents by mail, telex or other means of communications; (d) the fees and expenses (including related fees and expenses of counsel for the Underwriter) incurred in connection with securing any required review by FINRA of the terms of the sale of
        the Stock and any filings made with FINRA, (e) any applicable listing or other fees; (f) the fees and expenses (including related fees and expenses of counsel to the Underwriter) of qualifying the Stock under the securities laws of the several
        jurisdictions as provided in Section 4(i)(h)) and of preparing, printing and distributing wrappers, Blue Sky Memoranda and Legal Investment Surveys; (g) the cost of preparing and printing stock certificates; (h) all fees and expenses of the
        registrar and transfer agent of the Stock; (i) the costs and expenses of the Company relating to investor presentations on any &#8220;road show&#8221; undertaken in connection with the marketing of the offering of the Stock, including, without limitation,
        expenses of the Company associated with the preparation or dissemination of any electronic road show, expenses associated with the production of road show slides and graphics, fees and expenses of any consultants engaged in connection with the road
        show presentations with the prior approval of the Company, travel and lodging expenses of the officers of the Company and such consultants, including the cost of any aircraft chartered in connection with the road show, and (j) all other costs and
        expenses incident to the offering of the Stock or the performance of the obligations of the Company under this Agreement (including, without limitation, the fees and expenses of the Company&#8217;s counsel and the Company&#8217;s independent accountants ); <font style="font-style: italic;">provided</font> that, except to the extent otherwise provided in this Section 5 and in Sections 9, the Underwriter shall pay its own costs and expenses, including the fees and expenses of their counsel not contemplated
        herein, any transfer taxes on the resale of any Stock by them and the expenses of advertising any offering of the Stock made by the Underwriter.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-indent: 36pt; text-align: justify;">Each Selling stockholder will pay all fees and expenses incident to the performance of such Selling stockholder&#8217;s obligations under this Agreement which are not otherwise specifically provided for
        herein, including but not limited to any fees and expenses of counsel for such Selling stockholder, such Selling stockholder&#8217;s pro rata share of all expenses and taxes incident to the sale and delivery of the Stock to be sold by such Selling
        stockholder to the Underwriter hereunder.&#160; The underwriting discount associated with the sale of the Stock to be sold by such Selling stockholder hereunder shall be deducted from the Selling stockholders&#8217; proceeds from the sale of such Stock.</div>
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      </div>
      <div style="text-align: justify;">6.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps;">Conditions of Underwriter&#8217;s Obligations.</font>&#160; The respective obligations of the Underwriter hereunder are subject to the accuracy, when made
        and as of the Applicable Time and on the Closing Date, of the representations and warranties of the Company and the Selling stockholders contained herein, to the accuracy of the statements of the Company and the Selling stockholders made in any
        certificates pursuant to the provisions hereof, to the performance by the Company and the Selling stockholders of their obligations hereunder, and to each of the following additional terms and conditions:</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(a)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Registration Compliance; No Stop Orders</u>.&#160; The Registration Statement has become effective under the Securities Act, and no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the
        Registration Statement or any part thereof, preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus or any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus or any part thereof shall have been issued, and no proceedings for that purpose or
        pursuant to Section 8A under the Securities Act shall have been initiated or threatened by the Commission, and all requests for additional information on the part of the Commission (to be included or incorporated by reference in the Registration
        Statement or the Prospectus or otherwise) shall have been complied with to the reasonable satisfaction of the Underwriter; and FINRA shall have raised no unresolved objection to the fairness and reasonableness of the terms of this Agreement or the
        transactions contemplated hereby.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(b)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>No Material Misstatements</u>.&#160; The Underwriter shall not have discovered and disclosed to the Company on or prior to the Closing Date that the Registration Statement or any
        amendment or supplement thereto contains an untrue statement of a fact which, in the opinion of counsel for the Underwriter, is material or omits to state any fact which, in the opinion of such counsel, is material and is required to be stated
        therein or is necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, or that the General Disclosure Package, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto contains an untrue statement of fact which,
        in the opinion of such counsel, is material or omits to state any fact which, in the opinion of such counsel, is material and is necessary in order to make the statements, in the light of the circumstances in which they were made, not misleading.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(c)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Opinion and 10b-5 Statement of Counsel for the Company</u><font style="font-style: italic;">.&#160; </font>The<font style="font-style: italic;">&#160;</font>(i) opinion and negative
        assurance letter of Milbank LLP, counsel to the Company and (ii) the negative assurance letter of the Company&#8217;s General Counsel, each addressed to the Underwriter, dated the Closing Date, and in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the
        Underwriter, shall have each been furnished to the Underwriter.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(d)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Opinion of Counsel for the Selling stockholders</u>.&#160;&#160; Morgan, Lewis &amp; Bockius LLP shall have furnished to the Underwriter such counsel&#8217;s written opinion, as counsel to the
        Selling stockholders, addressed to the Underwriter and dated the Closing Date, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Underwriter.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(e)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Opinion and 10b-5 Statement of Counsel for the Underwriter.</u><font style="font-style: italic;">&#160;</font>Cooley LLP shall have furnished to the Underwriter such counsel&#8217;s opinion or
        opinions and 10b-5 Statement, dated the Closing Date, with respect to such matters as the Underwriter may reasonably require, and the Company and the Selling stockholders shall have furnished to such counsel such documents as they request for
        enabling them to pass upon such matters.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(f)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Comfort Letter</u>.&#160; At the time of the execution of this Agreement, the Underwriter shall have received from RSM LLP a letter, addressed to the Underwriter, executed and dated such
        date, in form and substance satisfactory to the Underwriter (i) confirming that they are an independent registered accounting firm with respect to the Company and its subsidiaries within the meaning of the Securities Act and the Rules and
        Regulations and PCAOB and (ii) stating the conclusions and findings of such firm, of the type ordinarily included in accountants&#8217; &#8220;comfort letters&#8221; to underwriters, with respect to the financial statements and certain financial information
        contained or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.</div>
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      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(g)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Bring Down Comfort</u>.&#160; On the Closing Date, the Underwriter shall have received a letter (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">bring-down letter</font>&#8221;) from
        RSM LLP addressed to the Underwriter and dated the Closing Date confirming, as of the date of the bring-down letter (or, with respect to matters involving changes or developments since the respective dates as of which specified financial
        information is given in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, as the case may be, as of a date not more than three (3) business days prior to the date of the bring-down letter), the conclusions and findings of such firm, of the type
        ordinarily included in accountants&#8217; &#8220;comfort letters&#8221; to underwriters, with respect to the financial information and other matters covered by its letter delivered to the Underwriter concurrently with the execution of this Agreement pursuant to
        paragraph (h) of this Section 6.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(h)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Officer&#8217;s Certificate</u>.&#160; The Company shall have furnished to the Underwriter a certificate, dated the Closing Date, of any executive officer, stating that in such person&#8217;s
        capacity as officer of the Company, on behalf of the Company that (i) no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, or any post-effective amendment thereto, shall be in effect and no proceedings for such purpose shall
        have been instituted or, to their knowledge, threatened by the Commission, (ii) for the period from and including the date of this Agreement through and including the Closing Date, there has not occurred any Material Adverse Effect, and (iii) to
        their knowledge, after reasonable investigation, as of the Closing Date, the representations and warranties of the Company in this Agreement are true and correct and the Company has complied with all agreements and satisfied all conditions on its
        part to be performed or satisfied hereunder at or prior to the Closing Date.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(i)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Selling stockholder Certificate</u>.&#160; Each Selling stockholder shall have furnished to the Underwriter on the Closing Date a certificate, dated the such date, signed by, or on
        behalf of, such Selling stockholder stating that the representations, warranties and agreements of such Selling stockholder contained herein are true and correct as of the Closing Date and that such Selling stockholder has complied with all
        agreements contained herein to be performed by such Selling stockholder at or prior to the Closing Date.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(j)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>No Material Adverse Effect</u>.&#160; Since the date of the latest audited financial statements included in the General Disclosure Package or incorporated by reference in the General
        Disclosure Package as of the date hereof, (i) neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries shall have sustained any loss or interference with its business from fire, explosion, flood or other calamity, whether or not covered by insurance, or
        from any labor dispute or court or governmental action, order or decree, otherwise than as set forth in the General Disclosure Package, and (ii) there shall not have been any change in the capital stock or long-term debt of the Company or any of
        its subsidiaries, or any change, or any development involving a prospective change, in or affecting the business, general affairs, management, financial position, stockholders&#8217; equity or results of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries,
        otherwise than as set forth in the General Disclosure Package, the effect of which, in any such case described in clause (i) or (ii) of this paragraph (j), is, in the judgment of the Underwriter, so material and adverse as to make it impracticable
        or inadvisable to proceed with the sale or delivery of the Stock by the Selling stockholders on the terms and in the manner contemplated in the General Disclosure Package.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(k)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>No Legal Impediment to Sale</u>.&#160; No action shall have been taken and no law, statute, rule, regulation or order shall have been enacted, adopted or issued by any governmental or
        regulatory agency or body which would prevent the sale of the Stock; and no injunction, restraining order or order of any other nature by any federal or state court of competent jurisdiction shall have been issued which would prevent the sale of
        the Stock.</div>
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      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(l)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Market Conditions</u>.&#160; Subsequent to the execution and delivery of this Agreement there shall not have occurred any of the following:&#160; (i) trading in any of the Company&#8217;s
        securities shall have been suspended or materially limited by the Commission or the Exchange, or trading in securities generally on the New York Stock Exchange, Nasdaq Global Select Market or Nasdaq Global Market or in the over-the-counter market,
        or trading in any securities of the Company on any exchange or in the over-the-counter market, shall have been suspended or materially limited, or minimum or maximum prices or maximum range for prices shall have been established on any such
        exchange or such market by the Commission, by such exchange or market or by any other regulatory body or governmental authority having jurisdiction, (ii) a banking moratorium shall have been declared by Federal or state authorities or a material
        disruption has occurred in commercial banking or securities settlement or clearance services in the United States, (iii) the United States shall have become engaged in hostilities, or the subject of an act of terrorism, or there shall have been an
        outbreak of or escalation in hostilities involving the United States, or there shall have been a declaration of a national emergency or war by the United States or (iv) there shall have occurred such a material adverse change in general economic,
        political or financial conditions (or the effect of international conditions on the financial markets in the United States shall be such) as to make it, in the judgment of the Underwriter, impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the sale or
        delivery of the Stock by the Selling stockholders on the terms and in the manner contemplated in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(m)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Good Standing</u>.&#160; The Underwriter shall have received on and as of the Closing Date satisfactory evidence of the good standing of the Company and its good standing as a foreign
        entity in such other jurisdictions as the Underwriter may reasonably request, in each case in writing or any standard form of telecommunication from the appropriate Governmental Authorities of such jurisdictions.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(n)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Lock Up Agreements</u>.&#160; The Underwriter shall have received the written agreements, substantially in the form of <u>Exhibit I</u> hereto, of the officers, directors, stockholders,
        optionholders and warrantholders of the Company listed in <u>Schedule F</u> to this Agreement.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(o)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Secretary&#8217;s Certificate</u>.&#160; The Company shall have furnished to the Underwriter a Secretary&#8217;s Certificate of the Company, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to counsel
        for the Underwriter and customary for the type of offering contemplated by this Agreement.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(p)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Chief Financial Officer Certificate</u>.&#160; The Company shall have furnished to the Underwriter a certificate, dated the Closing Date, of its Chief Financial Officer, substantially in
        the form of <u>Exhibit II</u> hereto.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(q)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Additional Documents</u>.&#160; On or prior to the Closing Date, the Company and the Selling stockholders shall have furnished to the Underwriter such further certificates and documents
        as the Underwriter may reasonably request.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-indent: 36pt; text-align: justify;">All opinions, letters, evidence and certificates mentioned above or elsewhere in this Agreement shall be deemed to be in compliance with the provisions hereof only if they are in form and substance
        reasonably satisfactory to counsel for the Underwriter.</div>
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      </div>
      <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps;">7.</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps;">Indemnification and Contribution.</font></div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(a)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Indemnification of Underwriter by the Company</u>.&#160; The Company shall indemnify and hold harmless:</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify;">the Underwriter, its affiliates, directors, officers, managers, members, employees, representatives and agents and each person, if any, who controls the Underwriter&#160; within the meaning of Section
        15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act (collectively the &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Underwriter Indemnified Parties</font>,&#8221; and each an &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Underwriter





          Indemnified Party</font>&#8221;) against any loss, claim, damage, expense or liability whatsoever (or any action, investigation or proceeding in respect thereof), joint or several, to which such Underwriter Indemnified Party may become subject, under
        the Securities Act or otherwise, insofar as such loss, claim, damage, expense, liability, action, investigation or proceeding arises out of or is based upon (A) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any
        Preliminary Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any &#8220;issuer information&#8221; filed or required to be filed pursuant to Rule 433(d) of the Rules and Regulations, the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, or in any amendment or supplement
        thereto<font style="font-style: italic;">&#160;</font>or in any materials or information provided to investors by, or with the approval of, the Company in connection with the marketing of the offering of the Common Stock, including any road show or
        investor presentations made to investors by the Company (whether in person or electronically) (&#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Marketing Materials</font>&#8221;) or (B) the omission or alleged omission to state in any Preliminary
        Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any "issuer information" filed or required to be filed pursuant to Rule 433(d) of the Rules and Regulations, the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, or in any amendment or supplement thereto, or
        in any Marketing Materials, a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, and shall reimburse each Underwriter Indemnified Party promptly upon demand for any legal fees or other expenses
        reasonably incurred by that Underwriter Indemnified Party in connection with investigating, or preparing to defend, or defending against, or appearing as a third party witness in respect of, or otherwise incurred in connection with, any such loss,
        claim, damage, expense, liability, action, investigation or proceeding, as such fees and expenses are incurred; <font style="font-style: italic;">provided</font>, <font style="font-style: italic;">however</font>, that the Company shall not be
        liable in any such case to the extent that any such loss, claim, damage, expense or liability arises out of or is based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement in, or omission or alleged omission from any Preliminary Prospectus, the
        Registration Statement or the Prospectus, or any such amendment or supplement thereto, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or any Marketing Materials made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company through
        the Underwriter specifically for use therein, which information the parties hereto agree is limited to the Underwriter&#8217;s Information.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">The indemnity agreement in this Section 7(a) is not exclusive and is in addition to each other liability which the Company might have under this Agreement or otherwise, and shall not limit any
        rights or remedies which may otherwise be available under this Agreement, at law or in equity to any Underwriter Indemnified Party .</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(b)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Indemnification of Underwriters by Selling stockholders</u>.&#160; The Selling stockholders, severally and not jointly, shall indemnify and hold harmless each Underwriter Indemnified
        Party, against any loss, claim, damage, expense or liability whatsoever (or any action, investigation or proceeding in respect thereof), joint or several, to which that Underwriter Indemnified Party may become subject, under the Securities Act or
        otherwise, insofar as such loss, claim, damage, expense, liability, action, investigation or proceeding arises out of or is based upon (i) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any Preliminary Prospectus,
        any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any "issuer information" filed or required to be filed pursuant to Rule 433(d) of the Rules and Regulations, the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, or in any amendment or supplement thereto<font style="font-style: italic;">&#160;</font>or document incorporated by reference therein or in any Marketing Materials, or (ii) the omission or alleged omission to state in any Preliminary Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any "issuer
        information" filed or required to be filed pursuant to Rule 433(d) of the Rules and Regulations, the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, or in any amendment or supplement thereto<font style="font-style: italic;">&#160;</font>or document
        incorporated by reference therein, a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, and shall reimburse each Underwriter Indemnified Party promptly upon demand for any legal or other expenses
        reasonably incurred by that Underwriter Indemnified Party in connection with investigating or preparing to defend or defending against or appearing as a third party witness in connection with any such loss, claim, damage, liability, action,
        investigation or proceeding, as such fees and expenses are incurred; <font style="font-style: italic;">provided</font>, <font style="font-style: italic;">however</font>, that the Selling stockholders shall not be liable in any such case to the
        extent that any such loss, claim, damage, expense, liability, action, investigation or proceeding arises out of or is based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement in or omission or alleged omission from any Preliminary Prospectus, the
        Registration Statement or the Prospectus, or any such amendment or supplement thereto, made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company through the Representative by or on behalf of any Underwriter
        specifically for use therein, which information the parties hereto agree is limited to the Underwriter&#8217;s Information.&#160; This indemnity agreement is not exclusive and will be in addition to any liability which the Selling stockholders might have
        under this Agreement or otherwise, and shall not limit any rights or remedies which may otherwise be available under this Agreement, at law or in equity to each Underwriter Indemnified Party.</div>
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        <div id="DSPFPageNumberArea" style="text-align: right;"><font id="DSPFPageNumber" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">25</font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(c)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<u>Indemnification of Company and the Selling Stockholders by the Underwriter</u>.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 85.7pt; text-align: justify;">(i)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;The Underwriter shall indemnify and hold harmless the Company and its directors, its officers who signed the Registration Statement, its affiliates, employees, representatives and
        agents and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act (collectively the &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Company Indemnified Parties</font>&#8221;
        and each a &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Company Indemnified Party</font>&#8221;) against any loss, claim, damage, expense or liability whatsoever (or any action, investigation or proceeding in respect thereof), joint or several,
        to which such Company Indemnified Party may become subject, under the Securities Act or otherwise, insofar as such loss, claim, damage, expense, liability, action, investigation or proceeding arises out of or is based upon (i) any untrue statement
        or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any Preliminary Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any &#8220;issuer information&#8221; filed or required to be filed pursuant to Rule 433(d) of the Rules and Regulations, the
        Registration Statement or the Prospectus, or in any amendment or supplement thereto, or (ii) the omission or alleged omission to state in any Preliminary Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any "issuer information" filed or required to
        be filed pursuant to Rule 433(d) of the Rules and Regulations, the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, or in any amendment or supplement thereto, a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not
        misleading, but in each case only to the extent that the untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission was made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company through the
        Underwriter by or on behalf of that Underwriter specifically for use therein, which information the parties hereto agree is limited to the Underwriter&#8217;s Information, and shall reimburse the Company Indemnified Parties for any legal or other
        expenses reasonably incurred by such party in connection with investigating or preparing to defend or defending against or appearing as third party witness in connection with any such loss, claim, damage, liability, action, investigation or
        proceeding, as such fees and expenses are incurred.&#160; This indemnity agreement is not exclusive and will be in addition to any liability which the Underwriter might otherwise have and shall not limit any rights or remedies which may otherwise be
        available under this Agreement, at law or in equity to the Company Indemnified Parties.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 85.7pt; text-align: justify;">(ii)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;The Underwriter shall indemnify and hold harmless each Selling Stockholder and its directors, officers and any such person who may incur liability under the Securities Act or the
        Exchange Act, the common law or otherwise in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement (collectively the &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Selling Stockholder Indemnified Parties</font>&#8221; and each a &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Selling Stockholder Indemnified Party</font>&#8221;) against any loss, claim, damage, expense or liability whatsoever (or any action, investigation or proceeding in respect thereof), joint or several, to
        which such Selling Stockholder Indemnified Party may become subject, under the Securities Act or otherwise, insofar as such loss, claim, damage, expense, liability, action, investigation or proceeding arises out of or is based upon (i) any untrue
        statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any Preliminary Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any "issuer information" filed or required to be filed pursuant to Rule 433(d) of the Rules and Regulations, the
        Registration Statement or the Prospectus, or in any amendment or supplement thereto, in any case relating to such Selling stockholder, or (ii) the omission or alleged omission to state in any Preliminary Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing
        Prospectus, any "issuer information" filed or required to be filed pursuant to Rule 433(d) of the Rules and Regulations, the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, or in any amendment or supplement thereto, a material fact, related to such
        Selling stockholder, required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, but in each case only to the extent that the untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission was made in
        reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company through the Underwriter by or on behalf of that Underwriter specifically for use therein, which information the parties hereto agree is limited to the Underwriter&#8217;s
        Information, and shall reimburse the Selling Stockholder Indemnified Parties for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such party in connection with investigating or preparing to defend or defending against or appearing as third party
        witness in connection with any such loss, claim, damage, liability, action, investigation or proceeding, as such fees and expenses are incurred.&#160; This indemnity agreement is not exclusive and will be in addition to any liability which the
        Underwriter might otherwise have and shall not limit any rights or remedies which may otherwise be available under this Agreement, at law or in equity to the Selling Stockholder Indemnified Parties.</div>
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        <div id="DSPFPageNumberArea" style="text-align: right;"><font id="DSPFPageNumber" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">26</font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(d)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Promptly after receipt by an indemnified party under this Section 7 of notice of the commencement of any action, the indemnified party shall, if a claim in respect thereof is to be
        made against an indemnifying party under this Section 7, notify such indemnifying party in writing of the commencement of that action; <font style="font-style: italic;">provided, however,</font> that the failure to notify the indemnifying party
        shall not relieve it from any liability which it may have under this Section 7 except to the extent it has been materially prejudiced by such failure; and, <font style="font-style: italic;">provided, further,</font> that the failure to notify an
        indemnifying party shall not relieve it from any liability which it may have to an indemnified party otherwise than under this Section 7.&#160; If any such action shall be brought against an indemnified party, and it shall notify the indemnifying party
        thereof, the indemnifying party shall be entitled to participate therein and, to the extent that it wishes, jointly with any other similarly notified indemnifying party, to assume the defense of such action with counsel reasonably satisfactory to
        the indemnified party (which counsel shall not, except with the written consent of the indemnified party, be counsel to the indemnifying party).&#160; After notice from the indemnifying party to the indemnified party of its election to assume the
        defense of such action, except as provided herein, the indemnifying party shall not be liable to the indemnified party under Section 7 for any legal or other expenses subsequently incurred by the indemnified party in connection with the defense of
        such action other than reasonable costs of investigation; <font style="font-style: italic;">provided, however,</font> that any indemnified party shall have the right to employ separate counsel in any such action and to participate in the defense
        of such action but the fees and expenses of such counsel (other than reasonable costs of investigation) shall be at the expense of such indemnified party unless (i) the employment thereof has been specifically authorized in writing by the Company
        in the case of a claim for indemnification under Section 7(a), the Selling stockholder in the case of a claim for indemnification under Section 7(b) or the Underwriter in the case of a claim for indemnification under Section 7(c), (ii) such
        indemnified party shall have been advised by its counsel that there may be one or more legal defenses available to it which are different from or additional to those available to the indemnifying party or (iii) the indemnifying party has failed to
        assume the defense of such action and employ counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party within a reasonable period of time after notice of the commencement of the action or the indemnifying party does not diligently defend the action
        after assumption of the defense, in which case, if such indemnified party notifies the indemnifying party in writing that it elects to employ separate counsel at the expense of the indemnifying party, the indemnifying party shall not have the right
        to assume the defense of (or, in the case of a failure to diligently defend the action after assumption of the defense, to continue to defend) such action on behalf of such indemnified party and the indemnifying party shall be responsible for legal
        or other expenses subsequently incurred by such indemnified party in connection with the defense of such action; <font style="font-style: italic;">provided</font>, <font style="font-style: italic;">however</font>, that the indemnifying party
        shall not, in connection with any one such action or separate but substantially similar or related actions in the same jurisdiction arising out of the same general allegations or circumstances, be liable for the reasonable fees and expenses of more
        than one separate firm of attorneys at any time for all such indemnified parties (in addition to any local counsel), which firm shall be designated in writing by the Underwriter if the indemnified parties under this Section 7 consist of any
        Underwriter Indemnified Party or by the Company if the indemnified parties under this Section 7 consist of any Company Indemnified Parties or Selling Stockholder Indemnified Parties.&#160; Subject to this Section 7(d), the amount payable by an
        indemnifying party under Section 7 shall include, but not be limited to, (x) reasonable legal fees and expenses of counsel to the indemnified party and any other expenses in investigating, or preparing to defend or defending against, or appearing
        as a third party witness in respect of, or otherwise incurred in connection with, any action, investigation, proceeding or claim, and (y) all amounts paid in settlement of any of the foregoing.&#160; No indemnifying party shall, without the prior
        written consent of the indemnified parties, settle or compromise or consent to the entry of judgment with respect to any pending or threatened action or any claim whatsoever, in respect of which indemnification or contribution could be sought under
        this Section 7 (whether or not the indemnified parties are actual or potential parties thereto), unless such settlement, compromise or consent (i) includes an unconditional release of each indemnified party in form and substance reasonably
        satisfactory to such indemnified party from all liability arising out of such action or claim and (ii) does not include a statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of any indemnified party.&#160; Subject
        to the provisions of the following sentence, no indemnifying party shall be liable for settlement of any pending or threatened action or any claim whatsoever that is effected without its written consent (which consent shall not be unreasonably
        withheld or delayed), but if settled with its written consent, if its consent has been unreasonably withheld or delayed or if there be a judgment for the plaintiff in any such matter, the indemnifying party agrees to indemnify and hold harmless any
        indemnified party from and against any loss or liability by reason of such settlement or judgment.&#160; In addition, if at any time an indemnified party shall have requested that an indemnifying party reimburse the indemnified party for fees and
        expenses of counsel, such indemnifying party agrees that it shall be liable for any settlement of the nature contemplated by Section 7(a) or 7(b) effected without its written consent if (i) such settlement is entered into more than forty-five (45)
        days after receipt by such indemnifying party of the request for reimbursement, (ii) such indemnifying party shall have received notice of the terms of such settlement at least thirty (30) days prior to such settlement being entered into and (iii)
        such indemnifying party shall not have reimbursed such indemnified party in accordance with such request prior to the date of such settlement.</div>
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      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(e)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;If the indemnification provided for in this Section 7 is unavailable or insufficient to hold harmless an indemnified party under Section 7(a), 7(b) or 7(c), then each indemnifying
        party shall, in lieu of indemnifying such indemnified party, contribute to the amount paid, payable or otherwise incurred by such indemnified party as a result of such loss, claim, damage, expense or liability (or any action, investigation or
        proceeding in respect thereof), as incurred, (i) in such proportion as shall be appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company and the Selling stockholders on the one hand and the Underwriter on the other from the offering of
        the Stock, or (ii) if the allocation provided by clause (i) of this Section 7(e) is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in clause (i) of this Section 7(e) but
        also the relative fault of the Company and the Selling stockholders on the one hand and the Underwriter on the other with respect to the statements, omissions, acts or failures to act which resulted in such loss, claim, damage, expense or liability
        (or any action, investigation or proceeding in respect thereof) as well as any other relevant equitable considerations.&#160; The relative benefits received by the Company and the Selling stockholders on the one hand and the Underwriter on the other
        with respect to such offering shall be deemed to be in the same proportion as the total net proceeds from the offering of the Stock purchased under this Agreement (before deducting expenses) received by the Company and the Selling stockholders bear
        to the total underwriting discounts and commissions received by the Underwriter with respect to the Stock purchased under this Agreement, in each case as set forth in the table on the cover page of&#160; the Prospectus.&#160; The relative fault of the
        Company and the Selling stockholders on the one hand and the Underwriter on the other shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to
        state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company and the Selling stockholders on the one hand or the Underwriter on the other, the intent of the parties and their relative knowledge, access to information and opportunity to
        correct or prevent such untrue statement, omission, act or failure to act; <font style="font-style: italic;">provided</font> that the parties hereto agree that the written information furnished to the Company through the Underwriter by or on
        behalf of the Underwriter for use in the Preliminary Prospectus, the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, or in any amendment or supplement thereto, consists solely of the Underwriter&#8217;s Information.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(f)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;The Company the Selling stockholders and the Underwriter agree that it would not be just and equitable if contributions pursuant to Section 7(e) above were to be determined by pro rata
        allocation or by any other method of allocation which does not take into account the equitable considerations referred to Section 7(e) above.&#160; The amount paid or payable by an indemnified party as a result of the loss, claim, damage, expense,
        liability, action, investigation or proceeding referred to in Section 7(e) above shall be deemed to include, subject to the limitations set forth above, any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in connection with
        investigating, preparing to defend or defending against or appearing as a third party witness in respect of, or otherwise incurred in connection with, any such loss, claim, damage, expense, liability, action, investigation or proceeding.&#160;
        Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 7, the Underwriter shall not be required to contribute any amount in excess of the amount by which the total underwriting discounts and commissions received by such Underwriter with respect to the
        offering of the Stock exceeds the amount of any damages which the Underwriter has otherwise paid or become liable to pay by reason of any untrue or alleged untrue statement, omission or alleged omission, act or alleged act or failure to act or
        alleged failure to act.&#160; No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: justify;">8.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps;">Termination</font><font style="font-variant: small-caps;">.</font>&#160; The obligations of the Underwriter hereunder may be terminated by the
        Underwriter, in its absolute discretion by notice given to the Company and Standard General L.P. (for all Selling stockholders) prior to delivery of and payment for the Firm Stock if, prior to that time, any of the events described in Sections 6(j)
        or 6(l) have occurred or if the Underwriter shall decline to purchase the Stock for any reason permitted under this Agreement.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: justify;">9.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps;">Reimbursement of Underwriter&#8217;s Expenses</font>.&#160; Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, if (a) this Agreement shall have
        been terminated pursuant to Section 8, (b) the Company or any Selling stockholder shall fail to tender the Stock for delivery to the Underwriter for any reason not permitted under this Agreement, (c) the Underwriter shall decline to purchase the
        Stock for any reason permitted under this Agreement or (d) the sale of the Stock is not consummated because any condition to the obligations of the Underwriter set forth herein is not satisfied or because of the refusal, inability or failure on the
        part of the Company or any Selling stockholder to perform any agreement herein or to satisfy any condition or to comply with the provisions hereof, then in addition to the payment of amounts in accordance with Section 5, the Company reimburse the
        Underwriter for the fees and expenses of Underwriter&#8217;s counsel and for such other out-of-pocket expenses as shall have been reasonably incurred by them in connection with this Agreement and the proposed purchase of the Stock, and upon demand the
        Company shall pay the full amount thereof to the Underwriter.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: justify;">10.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps;">Reserved</font>.</div>
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      </div>
      <div style="text-align: justify;">11.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps;">Absence of Fiduciary Relationship. </font> The Company and the Selling stockholders acknowledge and agree that:</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(a)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;the Underwriter&#8217;s responsibility to the Company and the Selling stockholders is solely contractual in nature, the Underwriter has been retained solely to act as underwriter in
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        irrespective of whether the Underwriter has advised or is advising the Company or the Selling stockholders on other matters;</div>
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      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(b)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;the price of the Stock set forth in this Agreement was established by the Company and the Selling stockholders following discussions and arms-length negotiations with the Underwriter,
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      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(c)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;they have been advised that the Underwriter and its affiliates are engaged in a broad range of transactions which may involve interests that differ from those of the Company and the
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      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(d)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;they waive, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any claims they may have against the Underwriter for breach of fiduciary duty or alleged breach of fiduciary duty and agrees that
        the Underwriter shall have no liability (whether direct or indirect) to the Company or the Selling stockholders in respect of such a fiduciary duty claim or to any person asserting a fiduciary duty claim on behalf of or in right of the Company or
        the Selling stockholders, including stockholders, employees or creditors of the Company or the Selling stockholders.</div>
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      <div style="text-align: justify;">12.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps;">Successors; Persons Entitled to Benefit of Agreement</font>.&#160; This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the Underwriter,
        the Company and the Selling stockholders and their respective successors and assigns.&#160; Nothing expressed or mentioned in this Agreement is intended or shall be construed to give any person, other than the persons mentioned in the preceding
        sentence, any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or in respect of this Agreement, or any provisions herein contained, this Agreement and all conditions and provisions hereof being intended to be and being for the sole and exclusive
        benefit of such persons and for the benefit of no other person; except that the representations, warranties, covenants, agreements and indemnities of the Company and the Selling stockholders contained in this Agreement shall also be for the benefit
        of the Underwriter Indemnified Parties, and the indemnities of the Underwriter shall be for the benefit of the Company Indemnified Parties or the Selling Stockholder Indemnified Parties, as the case may be.&#160; It is understood that the Underwriter&#8217;s
        responsibility to the Company and the Selling stockholders is solely contractual in nature and the Underwriter does not owe the Company, or any other party, any fiduciary duty as a result of this Agreement.&#160; No purchaser of any of the Stock from
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      <div style="text-align: justify;">13.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps;">Survival of Indemnities, Representations, Warranties, etc</font><font style="font-style: italic;">. </font> The respective indemnities,
        covenants, agreements, representations, warranties and other statements of the Company and the Selling stockholders and the Underwriter, as set forth in this Agreement or made by them respectively, pursuant to this Agreement, shall remain in full
        force and effect, regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of the Underwriter, the Selling stockholders, the Company or any person controlling any of them and shall survive delivery of and payment for the Stock.&#160; Notwithstanding any
        termination of this Agreement, including without limitation any termination pursuant to Section 8, the indemnities, covenants, agreements, representations, warranties and other statements forth in Sections 2, 5, 7 and 9 and Sections 11 through 21,
        inclusive, of this Agreement shall not terminate and shall remain in full force and effect at all times.</div>
      <div id="DSPFPageBreakArea" style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;">
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      </div>
      <div style="text-align: justify;">14.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-style: italic;">Recognition of the U.S. Special Resolution Regimes</font></div>
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      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(a)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;In the event that the Underwriter that is a Covered Entity becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, the transfer from such Underwriter of this Agreement,
        and any interest and obligation in or under this Agreement, will be effective to the same extent as the transfer would be effective under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if this Agreement, and any such interest and obligation, were governed by
        the laws of the United States or a state of the United States.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(b)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;In the event that any Underwriter that is a Covered Entity or a BHC Act Affiliate of such Underwriter becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, Default
        Rights under this Agreement that may be exercised against such Underwriter are permitted to be exercised to no greater extent than such Default Rights could be exercised under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if this Agreement were governed by
        the laws of the United States or a state of the United States.</div>
      <div><br>
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      <div style="text-align: justify;">15.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps;">Notices</font>.&#160; All statements, requests, notices and agreements hereunder shall be in writing, and:</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(a)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;if to the Underwriter, shall be delivered or sent by mail, telex, facsimile transmission or email to Cowen and Company, LLC, Attention: Head of Equity Capital Markets;</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(b)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;if to the Company&#160; shall be delivered or sent by mail, telex, facsimile transmission or email to Turning Point Brands, Inc., Attn: Chief Executive Officer, 5201 Interchange Way,
        Louisville, KY 40229, Attention: President and Chief Executive Officer; and</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">(c)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;if to any Selling stockholders, shall be delivered or sent by mail, telex, facsimile transmission or email to Standard General L.P. at 767 Fifth Avenue, 12th Floor, New York, NY 10153
        or such Selling stockholder at the address set forth on Schedule B hereto;</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-style: italic;">provided, however,</font> that any notice to an Underwriter pursuant to Section 7 shall be delivered or sent by mail,&#160; or facsimile transmission to such Underwriter at its address
        set forth in its acceptance telex to the Underwriter, which address will be supplied to any other party hereto by the Underwriter upon request.&#160; Any such statements, requests, notices or agreements shall take effect at the time of receipt thereof.</div>
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      <div style="text-align: justify;">16.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps;">Definition of Certain Terms</font>.&#160; For purposes of this Agreement, (a) &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">affiliate</font>&#8221;
        has the meaning set forth in Rule 405 under the Securities Act, (b) &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">business day</font>&#8221; means any day on which the New York Stock Exchange, Inc. is open for trading (c) &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">subsidiary</font>&#8221; has the meaning set forth in Rule 405 of the Rules and Regulations; (d) &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">BHC Act Affiliate</font>&#8221; has the meaning assigned to
        the term &#8220;affiliate&#8221; in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 U.S.C. &#167; 1841(k), (e) &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Covered Entity</font>&#8221; means any of the following: (i) a &#8220;covered entity&#8221; as that term is defined
        in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. &#167; 252.82(b); (ii) a &#8220;covered bank&#8221; as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. &#167; 47.3(b); or (iii) a &#8220;covered FSI&#8221; as that term is defined in, and interpreted in
        accordance with, 12 C.F.R. &#167; 382.2(b), (f) &#8220;<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Default Right</font>&#8221; has the meaning assigned to that term in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. &#167;&#167; 252.81, 47.2 or 382.1, as
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        Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: justify;">17.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps;">Governing Law, Jurisdiction, Waiver of Jury Trial.</font>&#160;<font style="font-weight: bold;">&#160;</font>This Agreement and any claim, controversy,
        or dispute arising under or related to this Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, including without limitation Section 5-1401 of the New York General Obligations.<font style="font-weight: bold;">&#160;</font>The Company and each Selling stockholder irrevocably (a) submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Federal and state courts in the Borough of Manhattan in The City of New York for the purpose of any suit, action or other
        proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, the Registration Statement and any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus, (b) agrees that all claims in respect of any such suit, action
        or proceeding may be heard and determined by any such court, (c) waives to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any immunity from the jurisdiction of any such court or from any legal process, (d) agrees not to commence any such suit,
        action or proceeding other than in such courts, and (e) waives, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any claim that any such suit, action or proceeding is brought in an inconvenient forum.&#160; <font style="font-weight: bold;">Each of
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      <div id="DSPFPageBreakArea" style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;">
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      <div style="text-align: justify;">18.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps;">Underwriter&#8217;s Information</font><font style="font-style: italic;">.</font>&#160; The parties hereto acknowledge and agree that, for all purposes of
        this Agreement, the Underwriter&#8217;s Information consists solely of the following information in the Prospectus:&#160; the statements concerning the Underwriter contained in the last paragraph under the heading &#8220;Discounts and Commissions&#8221; under the caption
        &#8220;Underwriting&#8221; and the first paragraph and the first two sentences of the second paragraph under the heading &#8220;Stabilization&#8221; under the caption &#8220;Underwriting&#8221; in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.</div>
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      <div style="text-align: justify;">19.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps;">Partial Unenforceability</font><font style="font-variant: small-caps;">.&#160; </font>The invalidity or unenforceability of any section, paragraph,
        clause or provision of this Agreement shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other section, paragraph, clause or provision hereof.&#160; If any section, paragraph, clause or provision of this Agreement is for any reason determined to be
        invalid or unenforceable, there shall be deemed to be made such minor changes (and only such minor changes) as are necessary to make it valid and enforceable.</div>
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      <div style="text-align: justify;">20.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps;">General</font>.&#160; This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement of the parties to this Agreement and supersedes all prior written or oral and
        all contemporaneous oral agreements, understandings and negotiations with respect to the subject matter hereof.&#160; In this Agreement, the masculine, feminine and neuter genders and the singular and the plural include one another.&#160; The section
        headings in this Agreement are for the convenience of the parties only and will not affect the construction or interpretation of this Agreement.&#160; This Agreement may be amended or modified, and the observance of any term of this Agreement may be
        waived, only by a writing signed by the Company, Standard General L.P. on behalf of the Selling stockholders, and the Underwriter.</div>
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      <div style="text-align: justify;">21.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps;">Counterparts</font>.&#160; This Agreement may be signed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be an original, with the same effect as
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    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: normal; text-align: left;">If the foregoing is in accordance with your understanding please indicate your acceptance of this Agreement by signing in the space provided for that
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    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: normal;"> <br>
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            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Very truly yours,</div>
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            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">TURNING POINT BRANDS, INC.</div>
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            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">/s/ Robert M. Lavan</div>
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      <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal;"><font style="font-size: 10pt;">[Signature Page to Underwriting Agreement]</font></div>
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    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: normal; text-align: left;">If the foregoing is in accordance with your understanding please indicate your acceptance of this Agreement by signing in the space provided for that
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    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: normal;"> <br>
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          <td rowspan="1" style="width: 45%; vertical-align: top;">Standard General GP LLC, its General Partner</td>
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            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Chief Financial Officer</div>
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          <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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          <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 45%;">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">By: <br>
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          <td style="width: 5%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 45%;">&#160;</td>
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        </tr>
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          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
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          <td rowspan="1" style="width: 5%; vertical-align: top;">
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          <td colspan="1" style="width: 1.07%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; text-align: center;">116,534</div>
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            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; text-align: center;"><br>
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          <td style="width: 36%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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          <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; text-align: center;"><br>
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          <td style="width: 29%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; text-align: center;"><br>
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          <td colspan="1" style="width: 1.07%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">0 <br>
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            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; text-align: center;">48,466</div>
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          <td style="width: 36%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td colspan="1" style="width: 1.07%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; text-align: center;"><br>
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          <td style="width: 29%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; text-align: center;"><br>
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            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Standard Diversified Inc.</div>
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            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; text-align: center;">1,800,000</div>
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            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; text-align: center;"><br>
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          <td style="width: 36%; vertical-align: top;"><br>
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          <td colspan="1" style="width: 1.07%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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          <td style="width: 29%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><font style="font-weight: bold;">SCHEDULE</font>&#160;<font style="font-weight: bold;">C</font></div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><font style="font-weight: bold;"> <br>
      </font></div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: normal;">General Use Free Writing Prospectuses<br>
      <br>
    </div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: normal; text-align: left;">Free Writing Prospectus of the Company filed with the Commission on July 8, 2020.</div>
    <div id="DSPFPageBreakArea" style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;">
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    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">SCHEDULE D</div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;"> <br>
    </div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: normal;">Pricing Information</div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: normal;"> <br>
    </div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;">Firm Stock to be Sold: 2,000,000 shares</div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;"> <br>
    </div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;">Offering Price: $23.50 per share</div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;"> <br>
    </div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;">Underwriting Discounts and Commissions: 4.5%</div>
    <div id="DSPFPageBreakArea" style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;">
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    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">SCHEDULE E</div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;"> <br>
    </div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: normal;">List of Subsidiaries</div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: normal;"> <br>
    </div>
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          <td style="width: 34%; vertical-align: top;">
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          <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">North Atlantic Trading Company, Inc.</div>
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          <td style="width: 34%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">100</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 33.15%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Delaware</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 34%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 33.15%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">National Tobacco Finance LLC</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 34%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">100</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 33.15%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Delaware</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 34%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 33.15%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">North Atlantic Operating Company, Inc.</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 34%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">100</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 33.15%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Delaware</div>
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        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 34%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 33.15%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">National Tobacco Company, L.P.</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 34%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">100</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 33.15%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Delaware</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 34%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 33.15%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">North Atlantic Cigarette Company, Inc.</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 34%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">100</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 33.15%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Delaware</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 34%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 33.15%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">RBJ Sales, Inc.</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 34%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">100</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 33.15%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Tennessee</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 34%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 33.15%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Turning Point Brands, LLC</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 34%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">100</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 33.15%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Delaware</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 34%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 33.15%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Turning Point Brands (Canada) Inc.</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 34%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">100</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 33.15%; vertical-align: top;">
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          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 34%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 33.15%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Nu-X Ventures LLC</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 34%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">100</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 33.15%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Delaware</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 34%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 33.15%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">TPB Beast LLC</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 34%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">100</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 33.15%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Delaware</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 34%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 33.15%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">TPB Shark LLC</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 34%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">100</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 33.15%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Delaware</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 34%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 33.15%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Intrepid Brands LLC</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 34%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">100</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 33.15%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Delaware</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 34%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 33.15%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">TPB International, LLC</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 34%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">100</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 33.15%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Delaware</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 34%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 33.15%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Vaporfi Franchising LLC</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 34%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">100</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 33.15%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Delaware</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 34%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 33.15%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Vapor Shark Franchising LLC</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 34%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">100</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 33.15%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Florida</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 34%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 33.15%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">NuTech Holdings LLC</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 34%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">100</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 33.15%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Delaware</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 34%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 33.15%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">South Beach Holding LLC</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 34%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">100</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 33.15%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Delaware</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 34%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 33.15%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">North Atlantic Wrap Company</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 34%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">100</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 33.15%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Delaware</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 34%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 33.15%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Standard Merger Sub, LLC</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 34%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">100</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 33.15%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Delaware</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 34%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 33.15%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">TPB Services LLC</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 34%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">100</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 33.15%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Delaware</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 34%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 33.15%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>

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    <div id="DSPFPageBreakArea" style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;">
      <div id="DSPFPageBreak" style="page-break-after: always;">
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    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">SCHEDULE F</div>
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    </div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">LOCKED-UP PERSONS</div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;"> <br>
    </div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left;">Officers and directors</div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left;"> <br>
    </div>
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            <td style="width: 54pt; vertical-align: top;">
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            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Lawrence S. Wexler</div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
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            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Graham Purdy</div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
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            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
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            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
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          </tr>

      </table>
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          </tr>

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    </div>
    <div>
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              <div style="margin-left: 18pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">8.</div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Ashley Davis Frushone</div>
            </td>
          </tr>

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    </div>
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              <div style="margin-left: 18pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">9.</div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">David Glazek</div>
            </td>
          </tr>

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    </div>
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              <div style="margin-left: 18pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">10.</div>
            </td>
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              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Peggy Hwan Hebard</div>
            </td>
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              <div style="margin-left: 18pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">11.</div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Arnold Zimmerman</div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div><br>
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    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left;">Stockholders</div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left;"> <br>
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              <div style="margin-left: 18pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">1.</div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Standard General L.P.</div>
            </td>
          </tr>

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              <div style="margin-left: 18pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">2.</div>
            </td>
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              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Standard Diversified Inc.</div>
            </td>
          </tr>

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    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">Exhibit I</div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;"> <br>
    </div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: normal;">
      <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Form of Lockup Agreement</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">, 2020</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">COWEN AND COMPANY, LLC</div>
      <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">599 Lexington Avenue</div>
      <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">New York, NY 10022</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Ladies and Gentlemen:</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 17.25pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The undersigned understands and agrees as follows:</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1.</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Cowen and Company, LLC (&#8220;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Cowen</u></font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8221; or the &#8220;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Underwriter</u></font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8221;) proposes to enter into an
            Underwriting Agreement (the &#8220;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Agreement</u></font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8221;) with Turning Point Brands,
            Inc., a Delaware corporation (the &#8220;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Company</u></font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8221;) and certain selling
            stockholders named in the Agreement (the &#8220;Selling Stockholders&#8221;), relating to the proposed offering (the &#8220;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Offerin</u></font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">g&#8221;), pursuant to the registration statement on Form S-3 (No. 333-219114) filed by the Company pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, of common stock of the Company, par value $0.01 per
            share (the &#8220;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Common Stock</u></font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8221; and the aggregate of</font> 2,215,000
          shares so proposed to be sold, the &#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Stock</u></font>&#8221;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">). All of the Stock to be offered
            and sold in the Offering is owned beneficially by the Selling Stockholders. Capitalized terms used herein but not defined shall have the meaning given to them in the Agreement.</font></font></div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2.</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In recognition of the
          benefit that the Offering will confer upon the undersigned and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged by the undersigned, the undersigned hereby agrees that, without the prior
          written consent of the Underwriter (which consent may be withheld or delayed in the Underwriter&#8217;s sole discretion), he, she or it will refrain during the period commencing on the date hereof and ending on the date that is 90 days (the &#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Lock-Up Period</u></font>&#8221;) after the date of the final prospectus supplement in connection with the Offering (the &#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Prospectus Supplement</u></font>&#8221;), from (i) offering, pledging, selling, contracting to sell, selling any option or contract to purchase, purchasing any option or contract to sell, granting any option, right or
          warrant for the sale of, lending or otherwise disposing of or transferring, directly or indirectly, any Common Stock, or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock or that derives value therefrom, or (ii)
          entering into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, any of the economic consequences of ownership of Common Stock, or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable
          for Common Stock or that derives value therefrom, whether any such transaction described in clause (i) or (ii) above is to be settled by delivery of Common Stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise.</font></div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Notwithstanding the foregoing, subject to applicable securities laws and the restrictions contained in the Company&#8217;s charter, the
        undersigned may transfer any securities of the Company (including, without limitation, Common Stock) as follows:</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(i)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">pursuant to the exercise
          and issuance of options outstanding as of the date hereof or granted under equity incentive plans in effect as of the date hereof or described in the Prospectus Supplement, provided that any securities underlying such options continue to be
          subject to the terms of this Lock-Up Agreement (other than as provided under clause (vii) below);</font></div>
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      <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(ii)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">as a bona fide gift or
          gifts, provided that the donee or donees thereof agree to be bound in writing by the restrictions set forth herein;</font></div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(iii)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">to any trust for the
          direct or indirect benefit of the undersigned or the immediate family of the undersigned, <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">provided</font> that the trustee of the trust agrees to be
          bound in writing by the restrictions set forth herein;</font></div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(iv)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">by will or under the laws
          of descent;</font></div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(v)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">as a distribution to
          stockholders, partners or members of the undersigned, <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">provided</font> that such stockholders, partners or members agree to be bound in writing by
          the restrictions set forth herein;</font></div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(vi)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">any transfer required
          under any benefit plans of the Company;</font></div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(vii)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">sales and transfers by
          participants in the Company&#8217;s stock incentive plans in order to reimburse or pay federal income tax and withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of options, restricted stock grants, restricted stock unit and similar equity awards,
          provided that any securities underlying such restricted stock grants continue to be subject to the terms of this Lock-Up Agreement;</font></div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(viii)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">any securities acquired
          by the undersigned after the completion of the Offering in the open market;</font></div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(ix)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">to any affiliate of the
          undersigned, provided that such affiliate agrees to be bound in writing by the restrictions set forth herein;</font></div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(x)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">under a trading plan
          pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended</font> (the &#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Exchange


              Act</u></font>&#8221;) that is existing as of the date hereof;</font></div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(xi)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">with the prior written
          consent of the Underwriter; or</font></div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(xii)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">the sale, transfer or
          other disposition of any shares pursuant to the merger contemplated by the Merger Agreement, regardless of whether any such transfer is required to be reported on a Form 4; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">provided</font> any such filing on Form 4 shall be required to indicate that the reported sale, transfer or other disposition was consummated pursuant to such merger;</font></div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#160;provided, however, that, in each case, no filing under
          Section 16 of the Exchange Act, or other public announcement is required or otherwise made (other than a filing on Form 5 made after the expiration of the </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Lock-</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Up Period or, with respect to clauses (i), (iv), (v), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi) or (xii), a filing on Form 4 required to be filed under the Exchange Act; </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">provided, however</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">, that the undersigned shall notify the Underwriter at
          least two (2) business days prior to such required filing under the Exchange Act and, (A) in the case of clauses (i), (v), (vii) or&#160; (ix), if such Form 4 is filed during the </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Lock-</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Up Period then such Form 4 shall indicate by footnote disclosure or otherwise the nature of such transfer and that either no shares of Common
          Stock are being sold or otherwise disposed of by the undersigned in connection therewith</font> or <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">that such shares of Common Stock received by any transferee are
          subject to the terms of the </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Lock-</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Up Agreement, and (B) in the case of clause
          (x), </font>that the sale occurred pursuant to such trading plan pursuant to Rule 10b5-1<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">), and in the case of any such transfer contemplated by clauses (i)&#8211;(vii) and
          clause (ix) a copy of the required agreement of the transferee or transferees is furnished promptly to the Underwriter.</font></div>
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      <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">In addition, this letter agreement shall not apply to (i) the sale of Common Stock by the undersigned to the Underwriter in the Offering,
        or (ii) the establishment of a trading plan pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act for the transfer of shares of Common Stock, provided that such plan does not provide for the transfer of Common Stock during the Lock-Up Period and no public
        announcement or filing under the Exchange Act or otherwise regarding the establishment of such plan shall be required or voluntarily made by or on behalf of the undersigned or the Company. For purposes of this agreement, &#8220;immediate family&#8221; shall
        mean any relationship by blood, marriage or adoption, not more remote than first cousin.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">For the avoidance of doubt, nothing shall prevent the undersigned from, or restrict the ability of the undersigned to, (i) purchase
        Common Stock on the open market or (ii) exercise any options or other convertible securities granted under any benefit plan of the Company (but not the sale or transfer of the shares of Common Stock issued upon exercise of such options or
        conversion of such securities).</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3.</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The undersigned
          acknowledges that the Underwriter is relying on the agreements of the undersigned set forth herein in making their decision to enter into the Agreement and to continue their efforts in connection with the Offering.</font></div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">4.</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">This Lock-Up Agreement
          shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York without regard to principles of conflict of laws.</font></div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">5.</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">This Lock-Up Agreement may
          be executed in one or more counterparts and delivered by facsimile or pdf, each of which shall be deemed to be an original but all of which shall constitute one and the same agreement.</font></div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">6.</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">This Lock-Up Agreement
          constitutes the entire agreement and understanding of the parties hereto in respect of the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior understandings, agreements, or representations by or among the parties hereto, written or oral, to the
          extent they relate in any way to the subject matter hereof or the transactions contemplated hereby. This Lock-Up Agreement may not be changed, amended, modified or waived as to any particular provision, except with the express written consent of
          the Underwriter.</font></div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">7.</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Except as set forth in
          Section 2 herein, no party hereto may assign either this Lock-Up Agreement or any of its rights, interests, or obligations hereunder, except with the express written consent of the Underwriter. Any purported assignment in violation of this
          paragraph shall be void and ineffectual and shall not operate to transfer or assign any interest or title to the purported assignee. This Lock-Up Agreement shall be binding on the undersigned and each of his, her or its successors, heirs and
          assigns.</font></div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;[SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]</div>
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      <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 17.25pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed this Lock-Up Agreement, or caused this Lock-Up Agreement to be executed, as of the
        date first written above.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 17.25pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> </font><br>
      </div>
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              <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Very truly yours,</div>
            </td>
          </tr>
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            <td style="width: 55%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
            <td style="width: 45%; vertical-align: middle;">&#160;</td>
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<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 99.1
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    <div style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; font-size: 10pt;">Exhibit 99.1<br>
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    <div style="text-align: center; font-size: 10pt;"><img width="340" height="117" src="logo_turningpoint.jpg"></div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Turning Point Brands Announces Pricing of Secondary Offering of Two Million Shares of Common Stock by its Significant
      Stockholders</div>
    <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">LOUISVILLE, KY. (July 8, 2020) - Turning Point Brands, Inc. (&#8220;TPB&#8221; or the &#8220;Company&#8221;) (NYSE: TPB) today announced the pricing of the previously
      announced underwritten public offering of 1,800,000 shares of Company common stock by Standard Diversified Inc. (&#8220;SDI&#8221;) and an aggregate of 200,000 shares of Company common stock by funds affiliated with Standard General L.P. (the &#8220;Standard General
      Funds&#8221; and, together with SDI, the &#8220;Selling Stockholders&#8221;) at an offering price of $23.50 per share. In addition, the Standard General Funds have granted the underwriter the option to purchase up to 215,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock from
      them to cover over-allotments, which will be exercisable for two business days.</div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Selling Stockholders will receive all of the net proceeds from the offering. The closing is expected to occur on or about July 13, subject to
      customary closing conditions. The shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol TPB.</div>
    <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br>
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      <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Cowen is acting as underwriter for the offering. The Company has filed a registration statement (including a prospectus) with the SEC as well as a preliminary
        prospectus supplement with respect to the offering to which this communication relates. Prospective investors should read the preliminary prospectus supplement and the prospectus in the registration statement and other documents the Company has
        filed with the SEC for more complete information about the Company and this offering. You may get these documents free by visiting EDGAR on the SEC website at&#160;www.sec.gov. Alternatively, the Company, the underwriter or any dealer participating in
        the offering will arrange to send you the preliminary prospectus supplement (or, when available, the final prospectus supplement) and the accompanying prospectus upon request to: Cowen, c/o Broadridge Financial Solutions, 1155 Long Island Avenue,
        Edgewood, NY, 11717, Attn: Prospectus Department, by email at PostSaleManualRequests@broadridge.com or by telephone at (833) 297-2926.</div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">This press release does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy the shares of Company&#8217;s common stock or any other
      securities and shall not constitute an offer, solicitation or sale in any jurisdiction in which such an offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to the registration and qualification under the securities laws of such state or jurisdiction.</div>
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    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font>Turning Point Brands, Inc. | www.turningpointbrands.com | ir@tpbi.com | 502.774.9238 </div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Forward-Looking Statements</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. Forward-looking statements may generally
      be identified by the use of words such as &#8220;anticipate,&#8221; &#8220;believe,&#8221; &#8220;expect,&#8221; &#8220;intend,&#8221; &#8220;plan&#8221; and &#8220;will&#8221; or, in each case, their negative, or other variations or comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements include all matters that are
      not historical facts. By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties because they relate to events and depend on circumstances that may or may not occur in the future. As a result, actual events may differ materially from
      those expressed in or suggested by the forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement made by TPB in this press release speaks only as of the date hereof. New risks and uncertainties come up from time to time, and it is impossible for TPB
      to predict these events or how they may affect it. TPB has no obligation, and does not intend, to update any forward-looking statements after the date hereof, except as required by federal securities laws. Factors that could cause these differences
      include, but are not limited to:</div>
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            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">declining sales of tobacco products, and expected continuing decline of sales, in the tobacco industry overall;</div>
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            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">our dependence on a small number of third-party suppliers and producers;</div>
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            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the possibility that we will be unable to identify or contract with new suppliers or producers in the event of a supply or product disruption;</div>
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            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">our business may be damaged by events outside of our suppliers&#8217; control, such as the impact of epidemics (e.g., coronavirus), political upheavals, or natural disasters;</div>
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            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the possibility that our licenses to use certain brands or trademarks will be terminated, challenged or restricted;</div>
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            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">failure to maintain consumer brand recognition and loyalty of our customers;</div>
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            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">substantial and increasing U.S. regulation;</div>
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            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">regulation of our products by the FDA, which has broad regulatory powers;</div>
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            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">our products are subject to developing and unpredictable regulation, for example, current court action moving forward certain substantial Pre Market Tobacco Application
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            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">some of our products contain nicotine which is considered to be a highly addictive substance;</div>
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            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">uncertainty related to the regulation and taxation of our NewGen products;</div>
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            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">possible significant increases in federal, state and local municipal tobacco- and vapor-related taxes;</div>
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          <td style="width: 13.5pt; vertical-align: top; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8226;</td>
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            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">possible increasing international control and regulation;</div>
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            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">our reliance on relationships with several large retailers and national chains for distribution of our products;</div>
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            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">our amount of indebtedness;</div>
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            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the terms of our credit facilities, which may restrict our current and future operations;</div>
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            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">intense competition and our ability to compete effectively;</div>
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            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">uncertainty and continued evolution of markets containing our NewGen products;</div>
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            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">significant product liability litigation;</div>
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          <td style="width: 13.5pt; vertical-align: top; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8226;</td>
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            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the scientific community&#8217;s lack of information regarding the long-term health effects of electronic cigarettes, vaporizer and e-liquid use;</div>
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            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">requirement to maintain compliance with master settlement agreement escrow account;</div>
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          <td style="width: 13.5pt; vertical-align: top; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8226;</td>
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            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">competition from illicit sources;</div>
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          <td style="width: 13.5pt; vertical-align: top; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8226;</td>
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            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">our reliance on information technology;</div>
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            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">security and privacy breaches;</div>
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    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font>Turning Point Brands, Inc. | www.turningpointbrands.com | ir@tpbi.com | 502.774.9238 </div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Contact:</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">Robert Lavan, Senior Vice President, CFO</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><u>ir@tpbi.com</u></font><font style="font-size: 10pt;"> (502)
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      <font style="font-size: 10pt;"> </font>Turning Point Brands, Inc. | www.turningpointbrands.com | ir@tpbi.com | 502.774.9238</div>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:label="AmendmentFlag" xlink:title="AmendmentFlag" />
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl">Trading Symbol</link:label>
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<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE
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<XBRL>
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<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.20.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140610535754248">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Document and Entity Information<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 08, 2020</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Jul.  08,  2020<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">TURNING POINT BRANDS, INC.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">001-37763<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">20-0709285<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">5201 Interchange Way<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Louisville<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">KY<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">40229<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">502<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">778-4421<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod', window );">Entity Ex Transition Period</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001290677<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock, $0.01 par value<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">TPB<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NYSE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The end date of the period reflected on the cover page if a periodic report. For all other reports and registration statements containing historical data, it is the date up through which that historical data is presented.  If there is no historical data in the report, use the filing date. The format of the date is CCYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if an emerging growth company has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 7A<br> -Section B<br> -Subsection 2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>