10-K

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)
☒	ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 27, 2022
OR
☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to

Commission File Number 000-50972

Texas Roadhouse, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant specified in its charter)

Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization) 20-1083890
(IRS Employer
Identification Number)

6040 Dutchmans Lane

Louisville, Kentucky 40205

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(502) 426-9984

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share	TXRH	NASDAQ Global Select Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ⌧ No ◻.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes ◻ No ⌧.

Indicate by check mark whether registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ⌧	Accelerated filer ◻	Non-accelerated filer ◻	Smaller reporting company ☐
			Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ⌧

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ◻

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ⌧.

The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of the last business day of the second fiscal quarter ended June 28, 2022 was $6,682,564,289 based on the closing stock price of $100.50 on the Nasdaq Global Select Market.

The number of shares of common stock outstanding were 67,017,505 on February 15, 2023.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for the registrant’s 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which is expected to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days of the registrant’s fiscal year ended December 27, 2022, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
PART I
Item 1.	Business	5
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	16
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	31
Item 2.	Properties	31
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	32
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	32
PART II
Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	33
Item 6.	Reserved	34
Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	35
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	49
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	50
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	50
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	51
Item 9B.	Other Information	51
Item 9C.	Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions That Prevent Inspections	51
PART III
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	51
Item 11.	Executive Compensation	52
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	52
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	52
Item 14.	Principal Accountant Fees and Services	52
PART IV
Item 15.	Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules	53
Item 16.	Form 10-K Summary	57
	Signatures

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

From time to time, in periodic reports and oral statements and in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we present statements about future events and expectations that constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements are based on our beliefs, assumptions and expectations of our future financial and operating performance and growth plans, taking into account the information currently available to us. These statements are not statements of historical fact. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results to differ materially from the expectations of future results we express or imply in any forward-looking statements. In addition to the other factors discussed under "Risk Factors" elsewhere in this report, factors that could contribute to these differences include, but are not limited to:

● our ability to successfully execute our growth strategies;

● our ability to successfully open new restaurants, acquire franchise restaurants and/or execute other strategic initiatives;

● our ability to increase and/or maintain dine-in and to-go sales as well as profits at our existing restaurants;

● our ability to integrate the franchise or other restaurants which we acquire or develop;

● the continued service of key management personnel;

● the impact of health epidemics or pandemics on our business including restrictions or regulations on our operations;

● health, dietary and other concerns about our food products;

● our ability to attract, motivate and retain qualified employees;

● the impact of federal, state or local government laws and regulations relating to our employees and the sale of food and alcoholic beverages;

● the impact of litigation, including remedial actions, payment of damages and expenses and negative publicity;

● inflationary increases in the costs of our principal food and beverage products and all other operating costs;

● labor shortages or increased labor costs, such as federal or state minimum wage changes, market wage levels, health care, sick pay and workers’ compensation insurance costs;

● inflationary increases in the costs of construction and/or real estate;

● changes in consumer preferences and demographic trends;

● the impact of initiatives by competitors and increased competition generally;

● our ability to successfully expand into new and existing domestic and international markets;

● risks associated with partnering in markets with franchisees or other investment partners whose interests may not align with ours;

● risks associated with developing and successfully operating new concepts;

● security breaches of confidential guest, vendor and employee information in connection with our electronic processing of credit and debit card transactions, ransomware attacks or the failure of our information technology systems;

● the rate of growth of general and administrative expenses associated with building a strengthened corporate infrastructure to support our initiatives;

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● negative publicity regarding food safety, health concerns and other food or beverage related matters, including the integrity of our or our suppliers’ food processing;

● our franchisees’ adherence to the terms of their franchise agreements;

● potential fluctuation in our quarterly operating results due to seasonality and other factors;

● supply and delivery shortages or interruptions;

● our ability to adequately protect our intellectual property;

● our ability to raise capital in the future;

● volatility of actuarially determined self-insurance losses and loss estimates;

● adoption of new, or changes in existing, accounting policies and practices;

● changes in and/or interpretations of federal and state tax laws;

● adverse weather conditions which impact guest traffic at our restaurants; and

● unfavorable general economic conditions in the markets in which we operate that adversely affect consumer spending.

The words "believe," "may," "should," "anticipate," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "objective," "seek," "plan," "strive," "goal," "projects," "forecasts," "will" or similar words or, in each case, their negative or other variations or comparable terminology, identify forward-looking statements. We qualify any forward-looking statements entirely by these cautionary factors.

Other risks, uncertainties and factors, including those discussed under "Risk Factors," or those currently deemed immaterial or unknown, could cause our actual results to differ materially from those projected in any forward-looking statements we make.

We assume no obligation to publicly update or revise these forward-looking statements for any reason or to update the reasons actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements, even if new information becomes available in the future, except as required by applicable law.

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PART I

ITEM 1—BUSINESS

Texas Roadhouse, Inc. (collectively, the "Company," "we," "our" and/or "us") was incorporated under the laws of the state of Delaware in 2004. The principal executive office is located in Louisville, Kentucky.

Introduction

The Company is a growing restaurant company operating predominately in the casual dining segment. Our late founder, W. Kent Taylor, started the business in 1993 with the opening of the first Texas Roadhouse restaurant in Clarksville, Indiana. Since then, we have grown to three concepts with 697 restaurants in 49 states and ten foreign countries. Our mission statement is "Legendary Food, Legendary Service^®." Our operating strategy is designed to position each of our casual dining restaurants as the local hometown favorite for a broad segment of consumers seeking high quality, affordable meals served with friendly, attentive service. As of December 27, 2022, we owned and operated 597 restaurants and franchised an additional 62 domestic restaurants and 38 international restaurants.

Restaurant Concepts

Of the 597 restaurants we owned and operated at the end of 2022, we operated 552 as Texas Roadhouse restaurants, 40 as Bubba’s 33 restaurants and five as Jaggers restaurants.

Texas Roadhouse is a moderately priced, full-service, casual dining restaurant concept offering an assortment of specially seasoned and aged steaks hand-cut daily on the premises and cooked to order over open grills. In addition to steaks, we also offer our guests a selection of ribs, seafood, chicken, pork chops, pulled pork and vegetable plates, and an assortment of hamburgers, salads and sandwiches. The majority of our entrées include two made-from-scratch side items, and we offer all our dine-in guests free roasted in-shell peanuts and fresh baked yeast rolls.

Bubba’s 33 is a family-friendly restaurant concept featuring scratch-made food for all with a little rock 'n' roll, ice-cold beer and signature drinks. Our menu features burgers, pizza and wings as well as a wide variety of appetizers, sandwiches and dinner entrées. Our first Bubba’s 33 restaurant opened in May 2013 in Fayetteville, North Carolina.

Jaggers is a fast-casual restaurant concept offering burgers, hand-breaded chicken tenders and chicken sandwiches served with scratch-made sauces. In addition, we offer fresh salads that are tossed when ordered and served with homemade dressings. Jaggers offers drive-thru, carry-out, and dine-in service options. Our first Jaggers restaurant opened in December 2014 in Noblesville, Indiana.

Throughout this report, we use the term "restaurants" to include Texas Roadhouse and Bubba’s 33, unless otherwise noted.

Segment Information

We manage our restaurant and franchising operations by concept and as a result have identified Texas Roadhouse, Bubba’s 33, Jaggers and retail initiatives (including our online store and royalty-based licensing arrangements) as separate operating segments. In addition, we have identified Texas Roadhouse and Bubba's 33 as reportable segments.

COVID-19 and Related Impacts

The Company has been subject to risks and uncertainties as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic (the "pandemic"). These include federal, state and local restrictions on restaurants, some of which limited capacity or seating in dining rooms while others allowed to-go or curbside service only. In 2022, all of our domestic company and franchise restaurants operated without restriction. We also experienced and expect to continue to experience commodity inflation and certain food and supply shortages as well as a more competitive labor market. To the extent these challenges persist, we will continue to experience increased costs.

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Operating Strategy

The operating strategy that underlies the growth of our restaurants is built on the following key components:

● Offering high quality, freshly prepared food. We place a great deal of emphasis on providing our guests with high quality, freshly prepared food. As part of our process, we have developed proprietary recipes to provide consistency in quality and taste throughout all restaurants. We expect a management level employee to inspect every entrée before it leaves the kitchen to confirm it matches the guest’s order and meets our standards for quality, portion size, appearance and presentation. In addition, we employ a team of product coaches whose function is to provide continual, hands-on training and education to our kitchen staff for the purpose of promoting consistent adherence to recipes, food preparation procedures, food safety standards and overall food quality.

● Creating a fun and comfortable atmosphere with a focus on high quality service. We believe the service quality and atmosphere we establish in our restaurants is a key component for fostering repeat business. We focus on keeping our table-to-server ratios low to allow our servers to truly focus on their guests and serve their needs in a personal, individualized manner. Our Texas Roadhouse restaurants feature a rustic southwestern lodge décor accentuated with hand-painted murals, neon signs, and southwestern prints, rugs and artifacts. Additionally, our restaurants continuously play upbeat country hits. Our Bubba’s 33 restaurants feature walls lined with televisions playing sporting events and music videos and are decorated with sports jerseys, neon signs and other local flair.

● Offering performance-based manager compensation. We offer a performance-based compensation program to our individual restaurant managers and multi-restaurant operators, who are called "managing partners" and "market partners," respectively. Each of these partners earns a base salary plus a performance bonus, which represents a percentage of each of their respective restaurant’s pre-tax income. By providing our partners with a significant stake in the success of our restaurants, we believe that we are able to attract and retain talented, experienced and highly motivated managing and market partners.

● Offering attractive price points. When we evaluate menu pricing, we focus on remaining disciplined as we balance short-term pressures with long-term growth while always keeping our guest top of mind. Prices are reviewed individually in each local market and are offered at moderate price points that we believe are as low as or lower than those offered by our competitors without sacrificing food quality. Within each menu category, we offer a choice of several price points with the goal of fulfilling each guest’s budget and value expectations. Based on the results of our pricing evaluations, we will continue to take pricing actions as we feel are needed.

● Focusing on dinner. In nearly all of our Texas Roadhouse restaurants, we limit our operating hours to dinner only during the weekdays with approximately one half of our restaurants offering lunch on Friday. This focus on dinner allows our restaurant teams to prepare for and manage only one shift per day during the week and to prepare for the significant volumes of sales our restaurants generate.

Restaurant Development and Unit Economics

We consistently evaluate opportunities to develop restaurants in new and existing markets. Our site selection process is critical to our growth strategy. In analyzing each prospective site, our real estate team and our restaurant market partners devote significant time and resources to the evaluation of local market demographics, population density, household income levels and site-specific characteristics such as visibility, accessibility, traffic generators, proximity of other retail activities and competitors, traffic counts and parking. We work actively with experienced real estate brokers in target markets to select high quality sites and to maintain and regularly update our database of potential sites.

We design our restaurant prototypes to provide a relaxed atmosphere for our guests, while also focusing on restaurant-level returns over time. Our current prototypical Texas Roadhouse restaurant consists of a freestanding building with approximately 7,600 to 8,400 square feet with seating for approximately 270 to 325 guests and parking for approximately 180 vehicles either on-site or in combination with some form of off-site cross parking arrangement. Our current prototypes are adaptable to in-line and end-cap locations and/or spaces within an enclosed mall or a shopping center.

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Our current prototypical Bubba’s 33 restaurant consists of a freestanding building with approximately 7,600 square feet with seating for approximately 270 to 330 guests. Some locations include patio seating for approximately 60 guests. Parking is targeted for approximately 180 vehicles either on-site or in combination with some form of off-site cross parking arrangement.

Our capital investment (including cash and non-cash costs) for new restaurants varies significantly depending on a number of factors including, but not limited to: the concept, square footage, layout, scope of required site work, geographical location, supply chain costs, type of construction labor (union or non-union), local permitting requirements, our ability to negotiate with landowners and/or landlords, cost of liquor and other licenses and pre-opening expense.

For 2022 and 2021, our average capital investment for Texas Roadhouse restaurants, which includes a 10x initial base rent factor in the event the land is leased, was $6.9 million and $5.7 million, respectively. The increase in our 2022 average capital investment was primarily due to a larger building prototype and higher supply costs. We expect our average capital investment for restaurants to be opened in 2023 to remain flat at approximately $6.9 million with lower site costs offset by higher rent expense.

For 2022 and 2021, our average capital investment for Bubba’s 33 restaurants, which includes a 10x initial base rent factor in the event the land is leased, was $7.8 million and $7.4 million, respectively. The increase in our 2022 average capital investment was primarily due to higher supply costs. We expect our average capital investment for restaurants to be opened in 2023 to decrease to approximately $7.4 million due to lower site costs.

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Existing Restaurant Locations

As of December 27, 2022, we had 597 company restaurants and 100 franchise restaurants in 49 states and ten foreign countries as shown in the chart below.

	Number of Restaurants
	Company	Franchise	Total
Alabama	9	—	9
Alaska	2	—	2
Arizona	20	—	20
Arkansas	8	—	8
California	6	10	16
Colorado	17	1	18
Connecticut	5	—	5
Delaware	3	2	5
Florida	44	—	44
Georgia	16	3	19
Idaho	6	—	6
Illinois	19	—	19
Indiana	25	8	33
Iowa	11	—	11
Kansas	6	1	7
Kentucky	17	2	19
Louisiana	10	1	11
Maine	3	—	3
Maryland	8	6	14
Massachusetts	10	1	11
Michigan	18	3	21
Minnesota	7	—	7
Mississippi	3	—	3
Missouri	18	—	18
Montana	—	1	1
Nebraska	4	—	4
Nevada	4	—	4
New Hampshire	3	—	3
New Jersey	10	—	10
New Mexico	7	—	7
New York	21	—	21
North Carolina	21	—	21
North Dakota	2	1	3
Ohio	35	2	37
Oklahoma	8	—	8
Oregon	2	—	2
Pennsylvania	26	6	32
Rhode Island	3	—	3
South Carolina	9	—	9
South Dakota	2	—	2
Tennessee	17	1	18
Texas	81	5	86
Utah	10	1	11
Vermont	1	—	1
Virginia	21	—	21
Washington	2	1	3
West Virginia	4	3	7
Wisconsin	11	3	14
Wyoming	2	—	2
Total domestic restaurants	597	62	659
Bahrain	—	1	1
China	—	1	1
South Korea	—	7	7
Kuwait	—	3	3
Mexico	—	3	3
Philippines	—	7	7
Qatar	—	1	1
Saudi Arabia	—	5	5
Taiwan	—	5	5
United Arab Emirates	—	5	5
Total international restaurants	—	38	38
Total system-wide restaurants	597	100	697

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Food

Menu. Our restaurants offer a wide variety of menu items at attractive prices that are designed to appeal to a broad range of consumer tastes. At Texas Roadhouse restaurants, we offer a broad assortment of specially seasoned and aged steaks, all cooked over open grills and all but one hand-cut daily on the premises. We also offer our guests a selection of ribs, seafood, chicken, pork chops, pulled pork and vegetable plates, and an assortment of burgers, salads and sandwiches. Entrée prices include roasted in-shell peanuts, fresh baked yeast rolls and most include the choice of two made-from-scratch sides. Other menu items include specialty appetizers such as the "Cactus Blossom^®" and "Rattlesnake Bites". We also provide a "12 & Under" menu for children that includes a selection of smaller-sized entrées served with one side item and a beverage.

At Bubba’s 33 restaurants, we offer a broad assortment of burgers, pizza and wings as well as a wide variety of appetizers, sandwiches and dinner entrées. Our Bubba’s 33 restaurants also offer an extensive selection of draft beer and signature cocktails. We provide a "12 & Under" menu for children that includes a selection of items, including a beverage.

Most of our restaurants feature a full bar that offers a selection of draft and bottled beer, major brands of liquor and wine as well as made in-house margaritas. Managing partners are encouraged to tailor their beer selection to include regional and local brands. Alcoholic beverages at all company restaurants accounted for 11.0% of restaurant sales in fiscal 2022.

We always strive to maintain a consistent menu at our restaurants. We continually review our menu to consider enhancements to existing menu items or the introduction of new items. We change our menu only after guest feedback and an extensive study of the operational and economic implications. To maintain our high levels of food quality and service, we generally remove one menu item for every new menu item introduced to facilitate our ability to execute high quality meals on a focused range of menu items.

We work with a third-party vendor to manage an online tool to provide nutritional information as well as help customers identify known allergens in each of our menu items. This information is currently available for all concepts.

Food Quality and Safety. We are committed to serving a varied menu of high quality, great tasting food items with an emphasis on freshness. We have developed proprietary recipes to promote consistency in quality and taste throughout all restaurants and provide a unique flavor experience to our guests. At each domestic Texas Roadhouse restaurant, a trained meat cutter hand cuts our steaks and other restaurant employees prepare our side items and yeast rolls from scratch in the restaurants daily. At both Texas Roadhouse and Bubba’s 33 restaurants, we assign individual kitchen employees to the preparation of designated food items in order to focus on quality, consistency, speed and food safety. Additionally, we expect a management level employee to inspect every entrée before it leaves the kitchen to confirm it matches the guest’s order and meets our standards for quality, portion size, appearance and presentation.

We employ a team of product coaches whose function is to provide continual, hands-on training and education to the kitchen staff in all of our restaurants for the purpose of reinforcing food quality, recipe consistency, food preparation procedures, food safety and sanitation standards, food appearance, freshness and portion size. The product coach team supports substantially all domestic system-wide stores.

Food safety and sanitation is of utmost importance to us. We currently utilize several additional programs to help facilitate adherence to proper food preparation procedures and food safety standards including our daily taste and temperature procedures. We have a food team whose function, in conjunction with our product coaches, is to develop, enforce and maintain programs designed to promote compliance with food safety guidelines. As a requirement of our quality assurance process, primary food items are purchased from qualified vendors who are regularly audited by reputable, outside inspection services confirming that the vendor is compliant with United States Food and Drug Administration and United States Department of Agriculture guidelines, the results of which are reviewed by our food safety team.

We perform regular food safety and sanitation audits on our restaurants and these results are reviewed by various members of operations and management. To maximize adherence to food safety protocols, we have incorporated Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points principles and critical procedures (such as hand washing) in each recipe. All restaurant managers are required to complete the American National Standards Institute Certified Food Manager training. In addition, most of our product coaches and food team members have obtained or are in the process of obtaining their Certified Professional-Food Safety designation from the National Environmental Health Association.

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Procurement. Our procurement philosophy is designed to supply fresh, quality products to the restaurants at competitive prices while maximizing operating efficiencies. We negotiate directly with suppliers for substantially all food and beverage products to maximize quality and freshness and obtain competitive prices.

Food and supplies are ordered by and shipped directly to our domestic restaurants. Most food products used in the operation of our restaurants are distributed to individual restaurants through an independent national distribution company. We strive to qualify more than one supplier for all key food items and believe that beef of comparable quality as well as all other essential food and beverage products are available, upon short notice, from alternative qualified suppliers.

Service

Service Quality. We believe that guest satisfaction and our ability to continually evaluate and improve the guest experience at each of our restaurants is important to our success. We employ a team of service coaches whose function is to provide consistent, hands-on training and education to our managers and service staff in our domestic restaurants for the purpose of reinforcing service quality and consistency, teamwork, responsible alcohol service, staff attentiveness and guest interactions in the dining room.

Guest Satisfaction. Through the use of guest surveys, our websites, "texasroadhouse.com," "bubbas33.com," or "eatjaggers.com," a toll-free guest response telephone line, emails, letters, social media and personal interaction in the restaurant, we receive valuable feedback from guests. We have implemented several programs to evaluate guest satisfaction, with particular attention given to food, beverage and service quality, cleanliness, staff attitude and teamwork, and manager visibility and interaction. We continue to evaluate and implement processes relating to guest satisfaction, including reducing guest wait times, improving host interaction with the guest and improving the to-go experience for our guests.

Atmosphere. The atmosphere of our restaurants is intended to appeal to broad segments of the population. Substantially all Texas Roadhouse restaurants are of our prototype design, reflecting a rustic southwestern lodge atmosphere. The interiors feature wood walls and stained concrete floors and are decorated with hand-painted murals, neon signs, southwestern prints, rugs and artifacts. The restaurants continuously play upbeat country hits. Guests may also view a display-baking area, where our fresh baked yeast rolls are prepared, and a meat cooler displaying fresh cut steaks. While waiting for a table, guests can enjoy complimentary roasted in-shell peanuts and upon being seated at a table, guests can enjoy fresh baked yeast rolls along with roasted in-shell peanuts. Our Bubba’s 33 restaurants feature walls lined with televisions playing a variety of sports events and music videos and are decorated with sports jerseys, neon signs and other local flair.

People

Management Personnel. Each of our restaurants is generally staffed with one managing partner and a combination of operations, kitchen and service managers as well as assistant managers. Managing partners are single restaurant operators who have primary responsibility for the day-to-day operations of the entire restaurant. Operations managers support the managing partner in overall operations including both departments for kitchen and service. Kitchen managers have primary responsibility for managing sections of the kitchen staff and certain kitchen operations including food production, preparation, execution and quality standards. Service managers have primary responsibility for managing sections of the front of house staff and certain dining room, bar and to-go operations including service quality and the guest experience. Assistant managers support our managing partners, operations managers and kitchen and service managers. All managers are responsible for maintaining our standards of quality and performance.

We use market partners to oversee the operation of our restaurants. Each market partner oversees a group of varying sizes of managing partners and their respective management teams. Market partners are also responsible for the hiring and development of each restaurant’s management team and assisting in the site selection process. Through regular visits to the restaurants, the market partners facilitate adherence to all aspects of our concepts, strategies and standards of quality. To further facilitate adherence to our standards of quality and to maximize uniform execution throughout the system, we employ product coaches and service coaches who regularly visit the restaurants to assist in training of both new and existing employees and to grade food and service quality. The attentive service and high quality food, which results from each restaurant having a managing partner, at least two to four managers and the hands-on assistance of a product coach and a service coach, are critical to our success.

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Managing partners and market partners are required, as a condition of employment, to sign a multi-year employment agreement. The annual compensation of our managing partners and market partners incudes a base salary plus a percentage of pre-tax income of the restaurant(s) they operate or supervise. Managing partners and market partners are eligible to participate in our equity incentive plan and are required to make refundable deposits at the time of hire that reinforces an ownership mentality. Generally, the deposits are refunded after five years of continuous service.

Training and Development. All restaurant employees are required to complete varying degrees of training before and during employment. Our comprehensive training program emphasizes our operating strategy, procedures and standards, including responsible alcohol service, and is typically conducted individually at our restaurants or in groups throughout the country.

Our managing and market partners are generally required to have significant experience in the full-service restaurant industry and are generally hired at a minimum of nine months before their placement in a new or existing restaurant to allow time to fully train in all aspects of restaurant operations. All managing partners, kitchen and service managers and other management employees are required to complete an extensive training program of up to 20 weeks, which includes training for every position in the restaurant. Trainees are validated at pre-determined points during their training by a market partner, managing partner, product coach and service coach.

We have designated a number of our restaurants to be certified as training centers by our training department. These stores are utilized to train our new and existing managers to ensure compliance with all operating procedures and guidelines. Additionally, most restaurants are staffed with training coordinators responsible for ongoing daily training needs.

For new restaurant openings, a full team of designated trainers, each specializing in a specific restaurant position, is deployed to the restaurant at least ten days before opening. Formal employee training begins seven days before opening and follows a uniform, comprehensive training course as directed by a service coach.

Marketing

Our marketing strategy aims to promote our brands while retaining a localized focus. We strive to increase comparable restaurant sales by increasing the frequency of visits by our current guests and attracting new guests to our restaurants and also by communicating and promoting our concepts’ food quality, the guest experience and value. We accomplish these objectives through three major initiatives.

Local Restaurant Marketing. Given our strategy to be a neighborhood destination, local restaurant marketing is integral in developing brand awareness in each market. Managing partners are encouraged to participate in creative community-based marketing. We also engage in a variety of promotional activities, such as contributing time, money and complimentary meals to charitable, civic and cultural programs. We employ marketing coordinators at the restaurant and market level to develop and execute the majority of the local marketing strategies.

In-restaurant Marketing. A significant portion of our marketing fund is spent communicating with our guests inside our restaurants through point of purchase materials. We believe special promotions such as Valentine’s Day, Mother’s Day and Veterans Day drive notable repeat business. Our eight-week holiday gift card campaign is one of our most impactful promotions.

Advertising. Our restaurants do not rely on national television or print advertising to promote our brands. Earned local media is a critical part of our strategy that features our products and people. Our restaurants use a permission-based email loyalty program, as well as social media and digital marketing, to promote the brand and engage with our guests. Our approach to media aligns with our focus on local store marketing and community involvement. Additionally, we continue to look for ways through various strategic initiatives to drive awareness and guest engagement with our brands. This includes the introduction of branded food and retail products that are available for purchase online or in select retailers. These products include non-royalty based food and accessories as well licensing arrangements for certain alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages.

Restaurant Franchise Arrangements

Franchise Restaurants. As of December 27, 2022, we had 22 franchisees that operated 100 Texas Roadhouse restaurants in 21 states and ten foreign countries. Domestically, franchise rights for our Texas Roadhouse restaurants are granted for specific restaurants only, as we have not granted any rights to develop a territory. We are currently not

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accepting new domestic Texas Roadhouse franchisees. Approximately 80% of our franchise restaurants are operated by ten franchisees and no franchisee operates more than 16 restaurants.

Our standard Texas Roadhouse domestic franchise agreement has a term of ten years with two renewal options for an additional five years each if certain conditions are satisfied. Our current form of domestic franchise agreement generally requires the franchisee to pay a royalty fee based on a percentage of gross sales. In addition, domestic Texas Roadhouse franchisees are required to pay a percentage of gross sales to a national marketing fund for system-wide promotions and related efforts.

Our standard Texas Roadhouse domestic franchise agreement gives us the right, but not the obligation, to compel a franchisee to transfer its assets to us in exchange for shares of our stock, or to convert its equity interests into shares of our stock. The amount of shares that a franchisee would receive is based on a formula that is included in the franchise agreement.

We have entered into area development and franchise agreements for the development and operation of Texas Roadhouse restaurants in several foreign countries and one U.S. territory. For the existing international agreements, the franchisee is generally required to pay us a development fee for our grant of development rights in the named countries, a franchise fee for each restaurant to be opened and royalties on the sales of each restaurant.

In 2021, we entered into our first two area development agreements for Jaggers, our fast-casual concept. These agreements allow for the development and operation of restaurants in specific territories in Texas, Oklahoma, and North Carolina. As part of these agreements, the franchisees are required to pay us a development fee for our grant of development rights in the named territories, a franchise fee for each restaurant to be opened and royalties on the sales of each restaurant. We expect our first Jaggers franchise restaurant to open in 2023.

Any of our area development or franchise agreements, whether domestic or international, may be terminated if the franchisee defaults in the performance of any of its obligations under the development or franchise agreement, including its obligations to develop the territory or operate its restaurants in accordance with our standards and specifications. A franchise agreement may also be terminated if a franchisee becomes insolvent, fails to make its required payments, creates a threat to the public health or safety, ceases to operate the restaurant, or misuses our trademarks.

Franchise Compliance Assurance. We have various systems in place to promote compliance with our systems and standards, both during the development and operation of franchise restaurants. We actively work with our franchisees to support successful franchise operations as well as compliance with our standards and procedures. During the restaurant development phase, we consent to the selection of restaurant sites and make available copies of our prototype building plans to franchisees. In addition, we ensure that the building design is in compliance with our standards. We provide training to the managing partner and up to three other managers of a franchisee’s first restaurant. We also provide trainers to assist in the opening of every domestic franchise restaurant and we provide trainers to assist our international franchisees in the opening of their restaurants until such time as they develop an approved restaurant opening training program. Finally, on an ongoing basis, we conduct reviews on all franchise restaurants to determine their level of effectiveness in executing our concept at a variety of operational levels. Our franchisees are required to follow the same standards and procedures regarding equipment and food purchases, preparation and safety procedures as we maintain in our company restaurants. Reviews are conducted by seasoned operations teams and focus on key areas including health, safety and execution proficiency.

Management Services. We provide management services to certain domestic franchise restaurants, some of which we have an ownership interest and others in which we have no ownership interest. Such management services may include accounting, operational supervision, human resources, training, and food, beverage and equipment consulting for which we receive monthly fees. We also make available to these restaurants certain legal services, restaurant employees and employee benefits on a pass-through cost basis.

Information Technology

All of our company restaurants utilize computerized management information systems, which are designed to improve operating efficiencies, provide restaurant and Support Center management with timely access to financial and operating data and reduce administrative time and expense. With our current information systems, we have the ability to query, report and analyze this intelligent data on a daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly and year-to-date basis and beyond, on a company-wide, concept, regional, market or individual restaurant basis. Together, this enables us to closely monitor sales, food and beverage costs and labor and operating expenses at each of our restaurants. We have a number

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of systems and reports that provide comparative information that enables both restaurant and Support Center management to supervise the financial and operational performance of our restaurants and to recognize and understand trends in the business.

Restaurant hardware and software support for all of our restaurants is provided and coordinated from the restaurant Support Center in Louisville, Kentucky. We guard against business interruption by maintaining a disaster recovery plan, which includes, among other things, storing critical business information off-site, maintaining a redundant data center, testing the disaster recovery plan and providing on-site power backup.

We accept credit cards, debit cards and gift cards as payment at our restaurants. We have systems and processes in place that focus on the protection of our guests’ credit and debit card information and other private information that we are required to protect, such as our employees’ personal information. Our systems have been carefully designed and configured to safeguard against data loss or compromise. We submit our systems to regular audit and review, ensuring compliance with the requirements of Payment Card Industry Data Security Standards and to assess vulnerability in our systems. See Risk Factors in Item 1A of this Form 10-K for a discussion of risks associated with breaches of security related to confidential guest and/or employee information.

We have made several digital enhancements to improve the guest experience and better support increased volumes at our restaurants.  These enhancements include a new, fully customized digital experience that allows our guests to get on the waitlist or place an order for pickup or curbside service.  The new digital experience also has added gift card and payment functionality.  We have also implemented texting systems which allow our dine-in guests to wait outside or in their cars and improved the to-go experience. In addition, we have implemented systems that enable touchless menus and contactless payments, providing a smoother guest checkout experience and enhanced turnaround times.

We believe that our current systems and practice of implementing regular updates will position us well to support our current needs and future growth. Information systems projects are prioritized based on strategic, financial, regulatory and other business advantage criteria.

Competition

Competition in the restaurant industry is intense. We compete with well-established food service companies on the basis of taste, quality and price of the food offered, service, atmosphere, location, take-out and delivery options as well as the overall dining experience. Our competitors include a large and diverse group of restaurant chains and individual restaurants that range from independent local operators that have opened restaurants in various markets to well-capitalized national restaurant chains. We also face competition from meal kit delivery services as well as the supermarket industry. In addition, improving product offerings of fast casual and quick-service restaurants and better execution of to-go sales, together with negative economic conditions could cause consumers to choose less expensive alternatives. Although we believe that we compete favorably with respect to each of the above channels, other restaurants and retail establishments compete for the same casual dining guests, quality site locations and restaurant-level employees as we do. We expect intense competition to continue across all aspects of the restaurant industry.

Trademarks

Our registered trademarks and service marks include, among others, our trade names and our logo and proprietary rights related to certain core menu offerings. We have registered all of our significant marks for our restaurants with the United States Patent and Trademark Office. We have registered or have registrations pending for our most significant trademarks and service marks in multiple foreign jurisdictions. To better protect our brands, we have also registered various Internet domain names. We believe that our trademarks, service marks and other proprietary rights have significant value and are important to our brand-building efforts and the marketing of our restaurant concepts.

Government Regulation

We are subject to a variety of federal, state, local and international laws affecting our business. For a discussion of the risks and potential impact on our business of a failure by us to comply with applicable laws and regulations, see Item 1A, Risk Factors.

Each of our restaurants is subject to permitting and licensing requirements and regulations by a number of government authorities, which may include, among others, alcoholic beverage control, health and safety, sanitation,

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labor, zoning and public safety agencies in the state and/or municipality in which each restaurant is located. The development and operation of restaurants depends on selecting and acquiring suitable sites that satisfy our financial targets, which are subject to zoning, land use, environmental, traffic and other regulations.

In addition to domestic regulations, our international business exposes us to additional regulations, including antitrust and tax requirements, anti-boycott legislation, import/export and customs regulations and other international trade regulations, the USA Patriot Act and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. We are also subject to laws and regulations relating to the preparation and sale of food, including regulations regarding product safety, nutritional content and menu labeling.

In order to serve alcoholic beverages in our restaurants, we must comply with alcoholic beverage control regulations which require each of our restaurants to apply to a state authority, and, in certain locations, county or municipal authorities, for a license or permit to sell alcoholic beverages on the premises. These licenses or permits must be renewed annually and may be revoked or suspended for cause at any time. We are also subject in certain states to "dram shop" statutes, which generally provide a person injured by an intoxicated person the right to recover damages from an establishment that served alcoholic beverages to the intoxicated person. Consistent with industry standards, we focus on responsible alcohol service training and carry liquor liability coverage as part of our existing comprehensive general liability insurance as well as excess umbrella coverage.

Our restaurant operations are also subject to federal and state labor laws governing such matters as minimum and tipped wage requirements, overtime pay, health benefits, unemployment taxes, workers’ compensation, work eligibility requirements, working conditions, safety standards, and hiring and employment practices. A significant number of our hourly restaurant personnel receive tips as part of their compensation and are paid at or above a minimum wage rate after giving effect to applicable tips. We rely on our employees to accurately disclose the full amount of their tip income. We base our FICA tax reporting on the disclosures provided to us by our tipped employees.

Our facilities must comply with the applicable requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 ("ADA") and related state accessibility statutes. Under the ADA and related state laws, we must provide equivalent service to disabled persons and make reasonable accommodation for their employment. In addition, when constructing or undertaking remodeling of our restaurants, we must make those facilities accessible.

We are subject to laws relating to information security, privacy, cashless payments and consumer credit protection and fraud. An increasing number of governments and industry groups worldwide have established data privacy laws and standards for the protection of personal information, including social security numbers, financial information (including credit and debit card numbers) and health information.

Seasonality

Our business is subject to seasonal fluctuations. Historically, sales in most of our restaurants have been higher during the winter months of each year. Holidays, changes in weather, severe weather and similar conditions may impact sales volumes seasonally in some operating regions. As a result, our quarterly operating results and comparable restaurant sales may fluctuate due to seasonality. Accordingly, results for any one quarter are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for any other quarter or for any year and comparable restaurant sales for any particular future period may decrease.

Human Capital Management

As of December 27, 2022, we employed approximately 82,000 people. These employees included 784 executive and administrative personnel and 3,080 restaurant management personnel, while the remainder were hourly restaurant personnel. Many of our hourly restaurant employees work part-time. None of our employees are covered by a collective bargaining agreement and we consider our employee relations to be good.

Our business relies on our ability to attract and retain talented employees. To attract and retain talent, we strive to maintain our culture through shared core values, a performance-based compensation program supported by competitive benefits and health programs, and a diverse, inclusive and supportive workplace, with opportunities for our employees to grow and develop in their careers.

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Maintaining our Culture and Core Values. In our restaurants and at our Support Center, we are committed to our shared "Core Values of Passion, Partnership, Integrity, and Fun…all with Purpose". These Core Values form the foundation of who we are as a company and how we interact with respect, appreciation, and fairness towards one another every day. We also believe that diversity and inclusion are vital parts of our culture. We value and welcome employees of all walks of life to share their gifts and strengths while working in our restaurants and the Support Center, as we strive to reflect the communities we are proud to serve. As a result, we are committed to attracting, retaining, engaging and developing a workforce that mirrors the diversity of our guests and is committed to upholding our shared values.

Performance-based Compensation and Benefits. We support our employees by offering competitive wages and benefits for eligible employees. We also offer a performance-based compensation program to our managing partners and market partners. Each of these positions earn a base salary plus a performance bonus, which represents a percentage of each of their respective restaurant’s pre-tax income. By providing our partners with a significant stake in the success of our restaurants, we believe that we are able to attract and retain talented, experienced and highly motivated managing and market partners. In addition to salaries, these programs (which vary by employee level) include, among other items, bonuses, stock awards, retirement savings plans with employer matching contributions, healthcare and insurance benefits, health savings and flexible spending accounts, tuition reimbursement, paid time off, paid parental leave and various employee assistance programs.

Personal Development. We motivate and develop our employees by providing them with opportunities for increased responsibilities and advancement. We provide numerous training opportunities for our employees, with a focus on continuous learning and development. With thousands of leadership positions across our restaurants, we provide a pathway and training for thousands of individuals across the country to advance from entry-level jobs into management roles. In addition, our geographic footprint often allows us to offer our restaurant team members relocation options at similar roles when personal circumstances require it.

Health and Safety. The health and safety of our employees is a top priority and we are committed to providing a safe workplace, ensuring the safety and well-being of all team members while also ensuring that we are in compliance with all laws and regulations as well as internal policies. This commitment includes the deployment of specific sanitary protocols and safety standards to our restaurants that focus on maintaining the health and safety of our employees.

Website Access to Reports

We make our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports, filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, available, free of charge on or through our Internet website, www.texasroadhouse.com, as soon as reasonably practical after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). The SEC maintains an internet site at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC.

Information about our Executive Officers

Set forth below are the name, age, position and a brief account of the business experience of each of our executive officers. Executive officers are appointed by our Board of Directors and serve until their successors are appointed or until resignation or removal, in accordance with their employment agreements, if applicable. There are no family relationships among any of our executive officers.

Name	Age	Position
Gerald L. Morgan	62	Chief Executive Officer
Regina A. Tobin	59	President
S. Chris Jacobsen	57	Chief Marketing Officer
Christopher C. Colson	46	Chief Legal and Administrative Officer
Hernan E. Mujica	61	Chief Technology Officer
Keith V. Humpich	53	Interim Chief Financial Officer

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Gerald L. Morgan. Mr. Morgan was appointed Chief Executive Officer in March 2021. Mr. Morgan joined Texas Roadhouse in 1997, during which time he has held the positions of Managing Partner, Market Partner and Regional Market Partner. Mr. Morgan also served as President from December 2020 to January 2023. Mr. Morgan has more than 35 years of restaurant management experience with Texas Roadhouse, Bennigan’s Restaurants and Burger King.

Regina A. Tobin. Ms. Tobin was appointed President in January 2023. Ms. Tobin joined Texas Roadhouse in 1996, during which time she has held the positions of Managing Partner, Market Partner, Vice President of Training and served as Chief Learning and Culture Officer from June 2021 through her appointment as President. Ms. Tobin has more than 30 years of restaurant management experience.

S. Chris Jacobsen. Mr. Jacobsen was appointed Chief Marketing Officer in February 2016. Mr. Jacobsen joined Texas Roadhouse in January 2003 where he served as Vice President of Marketing until his appointment as Chief Marketing Officer. Mr. Jacobsen has more than 30 years of restaurant marketing experience with Texas Roadhouse, Papa John’s International and Waffle House, Inc.

Christopher C. Colson. Mr. Colson was appointed Chief Legal and Administrative Officer in January 2023 and Corporate Secretary in August 2019. Mr. Colson joined Texas Roadhouse in 2005, during which time he has held the positions of Senior Counsel, Associate General Counsel, Executive Director of the Global Development Group and General Counsel, a position he held from March 2021 through his appointment as Chief Legal and Administrative Officer. Mr. Colson has over 20 years of restaurant industry experience with Texas Roadhouse, Frost Brown Todd LLC (serving as outside counsel to Texas Roadhouse), YUM! Brands, Inc. and as assurance staff at KPMG LLP.

Hernan E. Mujica. Mr. Mujica was appointed Chief Technology Officer in January 2023. Mr. Mujica joined Texas Roadhouse in January 2012 as Vice President of Information Technology and then Chief Information Officer, a position he held from March 2021 through his appointment as Chief Technology Officer. Prior to joining Texas Roadhouse, Mr. Mujica held senior management positions at The Home Depot and Arthur Andersen. Mr. Mujica has over 30 years of experience in both industry and consulting roles.

Keith V. Humpich. Mr. Humpich was appointed Interim Chief Financial Officer in January 2023. Mr. Humpich joined Texas Roadhouse in 2005, during which time he has held the positions of Director of Internal Audit, Senior Director of Internal Audit and Vice President of Finance. Prior to joining Texas Roadhouse, Mr. Humpich held several accounting, finance and audit positions at Lexmark International and Ernst & Young, LLP. Mr. Humpich has over 30 years of accounting and finance experience.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Careful consideration should be given to the risks described below. If any of the risks and uncertainties described in the cautionary factors described below actually occurs, our business, financial condition and results of operations, and the trading price of our common stock could be materially and adversely affected. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible to predict the impact of all these factors on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Risks Related to our Growth and Operating Strategy

Our quarterly operating results may fluctuate significantly and could fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors due to a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control, resulting in a decline in our stock price.

Our quarterly operating results may fluctuate significantly because of several factors, including:

● the timing of new restaurant openings and related expenses;

● restaurant operating costs for our newly-opened restaurants, which are often significantly higher during the first several months of operation than thereafter;

● labor availability and costs for hourly and management personnel including increases relating to unionization and mandated changes in federal and/or state minimum and tipped wage rates, overtime regulations, state unemployment taxes, sick pay or health benefits and other regulatory changes relating to any of the foregoing;

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● fluctuations in commodity prices and utility and energy costs;

● profitability of our restaurants, particularly in new markets;

● the impact of litigation, including negative publicity;

● decreases in average unit volume and comparable restaurant sales, including to-go sales;

● impairment of long-lived assets, including goodwill, and any loss on restaurant relocations or closures;

● general economic conditions, including an economic recession, which can affect restaurant traffic, local labor costs, and prices we pay for the food products and other supplies we use;

● negative publicity regarding food safety and other food and beverage related matters, including the integrity of our, and/or our suppliers’ food processing;

● negative publicity relating to the consumption of beef or other products we serve;

● negative publicity regarding health concerns and/or global pandemics;

● closures and/or dining rooms operating at limited capacity due to government mandated restaurant closures and/or limited availability of staff to meet our business standards;

● changes in consumer preferences and competitive conditions including changes related to environmental, social and/or governance ("ESG") pressures;

● expansion to new domestic and/or international markets;

● the impact of inclement weather, natural disasters and other calamities which impact guest traffic or product availability at our restaurants;

● increases in infrastructure costs;

● changes in interest rates;

● adoption of new, or changes in existing, accounting policies or practices;

● changes in and/or interpretations of federal and state tax laws;

● actual self-insurance claims varying from actuarial estimates; and

● competitive actions.

Our business is also subject to seasonal fluctuations. Historically, sales in most of our restaurants have been higher during the winter months of each year. Holidays, changes in weather, severe weather and similar conditions may impact sales volumes seasonally in some operating regions. As a result, our quarterly operating results and comparable restaurant sales may fluctuate as a result of seasonality. Accordingly, results for any one quarter are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for any other quarter or for any year and comparable, restaurant sales for any particular future period may decrease. In the future, operating results may fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors. In that event, the price of our common stock could decrease.

Our growth strategy, which primarily depends on our ability to open new restaurants that are profitable, is subject to many factors, some of which are beyond our control.

We cannot assure you that we will be able to open new restaurants that are profitable in accordance with our expansion plans. We have experienced delays in opening some of our restaurants in the past and may experience delays in the future. Delays or failures in opening new restaurants could adversely affect our growth strategy. One of our biggest challenges in executing our growth strategy may be locating and securing an adequate supply of suitable new

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restaurant sites that satisfy our financial targets. Competition for suitable restaurant sites in our target markets may be intense.

Once opened, we anticipate that our new restaurants will generally take several months to reach planned operating levels due to start-up inefficiencies typically associated with new restaurants. We cannot assure you that any restaurant we open will be profitable or obtain operating results similar to those of our existing restaurants. Some of our new restaurants will be located in areas where we have little or no meaningful experience. Those new markets may have smaller trade areas and different competitive conditions, consumer tastes and discretionary spending patterns than our traditional, existing markets, which may cause our new store locations to be less successful than restaurants in our existing market areas. Restaurants opened in new markets may open at lower average weekly sales volume than restaurants opened in existing markets and may have higher restaurant-level operating expense ratios than in existing markets. Sales at restaurants opened in new markets may take longer to reach average unit volume, if at all, thereby affecting our overall profitability. Additionally, the opening of a new restaurant could negatively impact sales at one or more of our existing nearby restaurants, which could adversely affect our financial performance.

Our ability to open new restaurants that are profitable will also depend on numerous other factors, many of which are beyond our control, including, but not limited to, the following:

● our ability to hire, train and retain qualified operating personnel, especially market partners, managing partners, and/or other restaurant management personnel who can execute our business strategy and maintain our culture and brand standards;

● our ability to negotiate suitable purchase or lease terms to execute our business strategy;

● the availability of construction materials, equipment and labor;

● our ability to control construction and development costs of new restaurants (including increased site, supply chain and distribution costs);

● our ability to secure required governmental approvals and permits in a timely manner, or at all;

● road construction and other factors limiting access to the restaurant;

● delays by our landlord or other developers in constructing other parts of a development adjacent to our premises in a timely manner;

● redevelopment of other parts of a development adjacent to our premises that affect the parking available for our restaurant;

● our ability to secure liquor licenses, or at all;

● general economic conditions, including an economic recession;

● changes in federal, state and/or local tax laws;

● the cost and availability of capital to fund construction costs and pre-opening expenses; and

● the impact of inclement weather, natural disasters and other calamities.

You should not rely on past changes in our average unit volume or our comparable restaurant sales as an indication of our future results of operations because they may fluctuate significantly.

A number of factors have historically affected, and will continue to affect, our average unit volume and comparable restaurant sales, including, among other factors:

● consumer awareness and understanding of our concepts;

● our ability to execute our business strategy effectively;

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● our ability to maintain and manage the increased levels of to-go sales at our restaurants;

● competition, from our competitors in the restaurant industry, our own restaurants, and/or other food service providers (such as delivery services and grocery stores);

● the impact of permanent changes in weather patterns that can cause inclement weather, natural disasters and other calamities;

● consumer trends and seasonality;

● our ability to increase menu prices without adversely impacting guest traffic counts or per person average check growth;

● introduction of new menu items;

● loss of parking and/or access rights due to government action (such as eminent domain actions) or through private transactions;

● government mandated dining room closures and/or dining rooms operating at limited capacity due to health epidemics or pandemics;

● negative publicity regarding food safety, health concerns, quality of service, and other food or beverage related matters, including the integrity of our or our suppliers’ food processing;

● general economic conditions, including an economic recession, which can affect restaurant traffic, local labor costs and prices we pay for the food and beverage products and other supplies we use;

● legislation that impacts our suppliers’ ability to maintain compliance with laws and regulations and impacts our ability to source product; and

● effects of actual or threatened terrorist attacks (including cyber and/or ransomware attacks).

Our average unit volume and comparable restaurant sales may not increase at rates achieved in the past, which may affect our sales growth and will continue to be a critical factor affecting our profitability. In addition, changes in our average unit volume and comparable restaurant sales could cause the price of our common stock to significantly fluctuate.

The development and/or acquisition of new restaurant concepts may not contribute to our growth.

The development of new restaurant concepts, including Bubba’s 33 and Jaggers, created internally or acquired as a part of our other strategic initiatives may not be as successful as our experience in the development of the Texas Roadhouse concept. These concepts may have lower brand awareness and less operating experience than most Texas Roadhouse restaurants. In addition, they may have a higher initial investment cost and/or a lower per person average check amount. As a result, the development and/or acquisition of new restaurant concepts may not contribute to our average unit volume growth and/or profitability in an incremental way. We can provide no assurance that new units will be accepted in the markets targeted for expansion and/or that we or our franchisees will be able to achieve our targeted returns when opening new locations. In the future, we may determine not to move forward with any further expansion and/or acquisition of new restaurant concepts. These decisions could limit or delay our overall long-term growth. Additionally, expansion and/or acquisition of new restaurant concepts might divert our management’s attention from other business concerns or initiatives and could have an adverse impact on our core Texas Roadhouse business.

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Our expansion into international markets presents increased economic, political, regulatory and other risks.

As of December 27, 2022, our operations include 38 Texas Roadhouse franchise restaurants in ten countries outside the United States, and we expect to have further international expansion in the future with one or more of our concepts. The entrance into international markets may not be as successful as our experience in the development of the Texas Roadhouse concept domestically or any success we have had with the Texas Roadhouse concept in other international markets. In addition, operating in international markets may require significant resources and management attention and will subject us to economic, political and regulatory risks that are different from and incremental to those in the United States. In addition to the risks that we face in the United States, our international operations involve risks that could adversely affect our business, including:

● the need to adapt our concepts for specific cultural and language differences;

● new and different sources of competition;

● the ability to identify appropriate business partners;

● difficulties and costs associated with staffing and managing foreign operations;

● difficulties in adapting and sourcing product specifications for international restaurant locations;

● fluctuations in currency exchange rates, which could impact royalties, revenue and expenses of our international operations and expose us to foreign currency exchange rate risk;

● difficulties in complying with local laws, regulations, and customs in foreign jurisdictions;

● unexpected changes in regulatory requirements or tariffs on goods needed to construct and/or operate our restaurants;

● political or social unrest, economic instability and destabilization of a region;

● effects of actual or threatened terrorist attacks;

● health concerns from global pandemics;

● compliance with U.S. laws such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, and similar laws in foreign jurisdictions;

● differences in the registration and/or enforceability of intellectual property and contract rights;

● adverse tax consequences;

● profit repatriation and other restrictions on the transfer of funds; and

● different and more stringent user protection, data protection, privacy and other laws.

Our failure to manage any of these risks successfully could harm our future international operations and our overall business and results of our operations.

We are also subject to governmental regulations throughout the world impacting the way we do business with our international franchisees. These include antitrust and tax requirements, anti-boycott regulations, import/export/customs, tariffs and other international trade regulations, the USA Patriot Act and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Failure to comply with any such legal requirements could subject us to monetary liabilities and other sanctions, which could adversely impact our business and financial performance.

Acquisition of existing restaurants from our domestic franchisees and other strategic initiatives may have unanticipated consequences that could harm our business and our financial condition.

We plan to continue to opportunistically acquire existing restaurants from our domestic franchisees over time. Additionally, from time to time, we evaluate potential mergers, acquisitions, joint ventures or other strategic initiatives

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(including retail initiatives utilizing our intellectual property or other brand extensions) to acquire or develop additional business channels or concepts, and/or change the business strategy regarding an existing concept. To successfully execute any acquisition or development strategy, we will need to identify suitable acquisition or development candidates, negotiate acceptable acquisition or development terms and possibly obtain appropriate financing.

Any acquisition or future development that we pursue, including the on-going development of new concepts or retail initiatives utilizing our intellectual property, whether or not successfully completed, may involve risks, including:

● material adverse effects on our operating results, particularly in the fiscal quarters immediately following the acquisition or development as the restaurants are integrated into our operations;

● risks associated with entering into new domestic markets or conducting operations where we have no or limited prior experience;

● risks associated with successfully integrating new employees, processes and systems while also maintaining our culture and brand standards;

● risks inherent in accurately assessing the value, future growth potential, strengths, weaknesses, contingent and other liabilities and potential profitability of acquisition candidates, and our ability to achieve projected economic and operating synergies, without impacting our underlying business; and

● the diversion of management’s attention from other business concerns.

Future acquisitions of existing restaurants from our franchisees or other strategic partners, which may be accomplished through a cash purchase transaction, the issuance of shares of common stock or a combination of both, could have a dilutive impact on holders of our common stock, and result in the incurrence of debt and contingent liabilities and impairment charges related to goodwill and other tangible and intangible assets, any of which could harm our business and financial condition. Additionally, following a franchise acquisition, we may be required to incur substantial capital improvement costs to meet company standards, which could impact our return on such acquisition.

Additionally, we may evaluate other means to leverage our competitive strengths, including the expansion of our products across other strategic initiatives or business opportunities (including retail initiatives utilizing our intellectual property). The expansion of our products may damage our reputation if products bearing our brands are not of the same quality or value that guests associate with our concepts. In addition, we may experience dilution of the goodwill associated with our concepts as they become more common and increasingly accessible.

We are subject to all of the risks associated with leasing space subject to long-term non-cancelable leases, as well as risks related to renewal.

The majority of our company restaurants are located on leased premises. Additional sites that we lease are likely to be subject to similar long-term non-cancelable leases. In connection with the relocation, other operational changes, or closure of any restaurant, we may nonetheless be committed to perform on our obligations under the applicable lease including, among other things, paying the base rent and real estate taxes for the balance of the lease term. We also are subject to landlord actions that could negatively impact our business or operations.

In addition, as each of our leases expires, there can be no assurance we will be able to renew our expiring leases after the expiration of all remaining renewal options, either on commercially acceptable terms or at all. As a result, at the end of the lease term and expiration of all renewal periods, we may be unable to renew the lease without substantial additional cost, if at all. As a result, we may be required to relocate or close a restaurant, which could subject us to construction and other costs and risks, and may have an adverse effect on our operating performance.

Approximately 21% of our company restaurants are located in Texas and Florida and, as a result, we are sensitive to economic and other trends and developments in those states.

As of December 27, 2022, we operated a total of 81 company restaurants in Texas and 44 company restaurants in Florida. As a result, we are particularly susceptible to adverse trends and economic conditions in those states, including any state mandated changes in minimum and tipped wage rates and economic pressures that may result in lower sales and profits at our restaurants. In addition, given our geographic concentration in these states, negative publicity regarding any of our restaurants in either Texas or Florida could have a material adverse effect on our business and

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operations, as could other occurrences in either Texas or Florida such as health epidemics or pandemics, local strikes, energy shortages or extreme fluctuations in energy prices, droughts, earthquakes, hurricanes, fires or other natural disasters.

Changes in consumer preferences and discretionary spending could adversely affect our business.

Our success depends, in part, upon the popularity of our food products. Continued social concerns or shifts in consumer preferences away from our restaurants or food offerings, particularly beef, could harm our business. Also, our success depends to a significant extent on discretionary consumer spending, which is influenced by general economic conditions and the availability of discretionary income. Accordingly, we may experience declines in sales during economic downturns, pandemics or other periods of uncertainty. Any material decline in the amount of discretionary spending could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition or liquidity.

We may not be able to obtain and maintain licenses and permits necessary to operate our restaurants and compliance with governmental laws and regulations could adversely affect our operating results.

The restaurant industry is subject to various federal, state and local government regulations, including those relating to the sale of food and alcoholic beverages. Such regulations are subject to change from time to time, sometimes without notice to us. The failure to obtain and maintain these licenses, permits and approvals, including liquor licenses, could adversely affect our operating results. Difficulties or failure to obtain the required licenses and approvals could delay or result in our decision to cancel the opening of new restaurants. Local authorities may revoke, suspend or deny renewal of our liquor licenses if they determine that our conduct violates applicable regulations.

In addition to our having to comply with these licensing requirements, various federal and state labor laws govern our relationship with our employees and affect operating costs. These laws include minimum and tipped wage requirements, overtime pay, health benefits, unemployment taxes, workers’ compensation, work eligibility requirements and working conditions. A number of factors could adversely affect our operating results, including:

● additional government-imposed increases in minimum and/or tipped wages, hourly and overtime pay, paid leaves of absence, sick leave, and mandated health benefits;

● increased tax reporting and tax payment requirements for employees who receive gratuities;

● any failure of our employees to comply with laws and regulations governing work authorization or residency requirements resulting in disruption of our work force and adverse publicity;

● a reduction in the number of states that allow gratuities to be credited toward minimum wage requirements, or a federal mandate prohibiting such credits; and

● increased litigation including claims under federal and/or state wage and hour laws.

The federal Americans with Disabilities Act prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in public accommodations and employment. Although our restaurants and other places of accommodation are designed to be accessible to the disabled, we could be required to make unexpected modifications to provide service to, or make reasonable accommodations, for disabled persons.

Our failure or inability to enforce our trademarks or other proprietary rights could adversely affect our competitive position or the value of our brand.

We own certain common law trademark rights and a number of federal and international trademark and service mark registrations, including our trade names and logos, and proprietary rights relating to certain of our core menu offerings. We believe that our trademarks and other proprietary rights are important to our success and our competitive position. Therefore, we devote appropriate resources to the protection of our trademarks and proprietary rights. However, the protective actions that we take may not be enough to prevent unauthorized usage or imitation by others, which could harm our image, brand or competitive position and, if we commence litigation to enforce our rights, cause us to incur significant legal fees. Our inability to register or protect our marks and other proprietary rights in foreign jurisdictions could adversely affect our competitive position in international markets.

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We cannot assure you that third parties will not claim that our trademarks or menu offerings infringe upon their proprietary rights. Any such claim, whether or not it has merit, could be time-consuming, result in costly litigation, cause delays in introducing new menu items in the future or require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements. As a result, any such claim could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition or liquidity.

Issues relating to ESG topics could adversely affect our operating results.

Entities across all industries are facing increased interest related to their ESG compliance and practices. Evolving consumer and investor interest and preferences as well as governmental regulation may result in additional transparency, due diligence, reporting and specific target-setting with regard to our business and supply chain that could result in additional costs to comply with such demands. Failure to comply with the increased demands could result in public or investor scrutiny and/or litigation and could have an adverse effect on our business. Establishing targets or making other public commitments due to these demands, without a full or complete understanding of the cost or operational impact of changes in our supply chain or operating model, could also adversely affect our business and financial condition.

We are subject to increasing legal complexity and could be party to litigation that could adversely affect us.

Increasing legal complexity will continue to affect our operations and results. We could be subject to legal proceedings that may adversely affect our business, including class actions, administrative proceedings, government investigations, employment and personal injury claims, claims alleging violations of federal and state laws regarding consumer, workplace and employment matters, wage and hour claims, discrimination and similar matters, landlord/tenant disputes, disputes with current and former suppliers, claims by current and former franchisees, data privacy claims and intellectual property claims (including claims that we infringed upon another party’s trademarks, copyrights or patents). Inconsistent standards imposed by governmental authorities can adversely affect our business and increase our exposure to litigation which could result in significant judgments, including punitive and liquidated damages, and injunctive relief.

Occasionally, our guests file complaints or lawsuits against us alleging that we are responsible for an illness or injury they suffered as a result of a visit to our restaurants, or that we have problems with food quality or operations. As a Company, we take responsible alcohol service seriously. However, we are subject to "dram shop" statutes. These statutes generally allow a person injured by an intoxicated person to recover damages from an establishment that served alcoholic beverages to the intoxicated person. Some litigation against restaurant chains has resulted in significant judgments, including punitive damages, under dram shop statutes. Because a plaintiff may seek punitive damages, which may not be covered by insurance, this type of action could have an adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

Litigation involving our relationship with franchisees and the legal distinction between our franchisees and us for employment law purposes, if determined adversely, could increase costs, negatively impact the business prospects of our franchisees and subject us to incremental liability for their actions.

Our operating results could also be affected by the following:

● The relative level of our defense costs and nature and procedural status of pending proceedings;

● The cost and other effects of settlements, judgments or consent decrees, which may require us to make disclosures or to take other actions that may affect perceptions of our brands and products;

● Adverse results of pending or future litigation, including litigation challenging the composition and preparation of our products, or the appropriateness or accuracy of our marketing or other communication practices; and

● The scope and terms of insurance or indemnification protections that we may have (if any).

Regardless of whether any claims against us are valid or whether we are liable, claims may be expensive to defend and may divert time, attention and money away from our operations and hurt our performance. A judgment significantly in excess of any applicable insurance coverage could have significant adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations. Further, adverse publicity resulting from these claims may hurt our business.

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Our current insurance may not provide adequate levels of coverage against claims.

We currently maintain insurance customary for businesses of our size and type. However, there are types of losses we may incur that cannot be insured against or that we believe are not economically reasonable to insure. Such damages could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and/or liquidity. In addition, we self-insure a significant portion of expected losses under our health, workers’ compensation, general liability, employment practices liability, cybersecurity and property insurance programs. Unanticipated changes in the actuarial assumptions and management estimates underlying our reserves for these losses could result in significantly different amounts of expense under these programs, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.

Decreased cash flow from operations, or an inability to access credit, could negatively affect our business initiatives or may result in our inability to execute our revenue, expense, and capital allocation strategies.

Our ability to fund our operating plans and to implement our capital allocation strategies depends on sufficient cash flow from operations and/or other financing, including the use of funding under our amended revolving credit facility. We also may seek access to the debt and/or equity capital markets. There can be no assurance, however, that these sources of financing will be available on terms favorable to us, or at all. Our capital allocation strategies include, but are not limited to, new restaurant development, payment of dividends, refurbishment or relocation of existing restaurants, repurchases of our common stock and franchise acquisitions. If we experience decreased cash flow from operations, our ability to fund our operations and planned initiatives, and to take advantage of growth opportunities, may be delayed or negatively affected. In addition, these disruptions or a negative effect on our revenue could affect our ability to borrow or comply with our covenants under our amended revolving credit facility. If we are unable to raise additional capital, our growth could be impeded.

Our existing credit facility limits our ability to incur additional debt.

The lenders’ obligation to extend credit under our amended revolving credit facility depends on our maintaining certain financial covenants. If we are unable to maintain these covenants, we would be unable to obtain additional financing under this amended revolving credit facility. The amended revolving credit facility permits us to incur additional secured or unsecured indebtedness outside the revolving credit facility, except for the incurrence of secured indebtedness that in the aggregate is equal to or greater than $125.0 million and 20% of our consolidated tangible net worth or circumstances where the incurrence of secured or unsecured indebtedness would prevent us from complying with our financial covenants. If we are unable to borrow additional capital or have sufficient liquidity to either repay or refinance the then outstanding balance at the expiration of our amended revolving credit facility, or upon violation of the covenants, our growth could be impeded and our financial performance could be significantly adversely affected.

Changes in tax laws and unanticipated tax liabilities could adversely affect our financial results.

We are primarily subject to income and other taxes in the United States. Our effective income tax rate and other taxes in the future could be affected by a number of factors, including changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, changes in tax laws or other legislative changes and the outcome of income tax audits. Any significant increases in income tax rates, changes in income tax laws or unfavorable resolution of tax matters could have a material adverse impact on our financial results.

We may be required to record additional impairment charges in the future.

In accordance with accounting guidance as it relates to the impairment of long-lived assets, we make certain estimates and projections with regard to company restaurant operations, as well as our overall performance in connection with our impairment analysis for long-lived assets. When impairment triggers are deemed to exist for any company restaurant, the estimated undiscounted future cash flows for the restaurant are compared to its carrying value. If the carrying value exceeds the undiscounted cash flows, an impairment charge would be recorded equal to the difference between the carrying value and the estimated fair value.

We review the value of our goodwill on an annual basis and also when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of goodwill or other intangible assets may exceed the fair value of such assets. The estimates of fair value are based upon the best information available as of the date of the assessment and incorporate management assumptions about expected future cash flows and contemplate other valuation measurements and techniques.

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The estimates of fair value used in these analyses require the use of judgment, certain assumptions and estimates of future operating results. If actual results differ from our estimates or assumptions, additional impairment charges may be required in the future. If impairment charges are significant, our results of operations could be adversely affected.

Failure to retain the services of our key management personnel, or to successfully execute succession planning and attract additional qualified personnel could harm our business.

Our future success depends on the continued services and performance of our key management personnel and our ability to develop future successors of such personnel as a part of our succession planning. Our future performance will depend on our ability to motivate and retain these and other key officers, employees and managers, particularly regional market partners, market partners and managing partners. Competition for these employees is intense. The loss of the services of members of our senior management team or other key officers or managers or the inability to attract additional qualified personnel as needed could significantly harm our business. In addition, our business could suffer from any actual or alleged misconduct of any of our key personnel.

Our franchisees could take actions that could harm our business.

Both our domestic and international franchisees are contractually obligated to operate their restaurants in accordance with our applicable restaurant operating standards. We also provide training and support to franchisees. However, most franchisees are independent third parties that we do not control, and these franchisees own, operate and oversee the daily operations of their restaurants. As a result, the ultimate success and quality of any franchise restaurant rests with the franchisee. If franchisees do not successfully operate restaurants in a manner consistent with our standards, our image and reputation could be harmed, which in turn could adversely affect our business and operating results.

Risks Related to Information Technology and Privacy

We rely heavily on information technology, and any material failure, weakness, ransomware or interruption could prevent us from effectively operating our business.

We rely heavily on information systems in all aspects of our operations, including point-of-sale systems, digital apps, financial systems, marketing programs, e-commerce and various other processes and transactions. This reliance has significantly increased in recent years as we have had to rely to a greater extent on systems such as online ordering, contactless payments, online waitlists, and systems supporting a more remote workforce as our guests are increasingly using our website and digital applications to place and pay for their orders. Our point-of-sale processing in our restaurants includes collection of cash, credit cards, debit cards, gift cards and other processes and procedures. Our ability to efficiently and effectively manage our business depends significantly on the reliability, security and capacity of these systems. As our business needs continue to evolve, these systems will require upgrading and maintenance over time, consequently requiring significant future commitments of resources and capital. Additionally, as we become increasingly reliant on digital ordering and payment as a sales channel, our business could be negatively impacted if we are unable to successfully implement, execute or maintain our consumer-facing digital initiatives.

The failure of these systems to operate effectively, maintenance problems, upgrading or transitioning to new platforms or a material breach in the security of these systems could result in delays or errors to guest service and reduce efficiency in our operations. In addition, as we implement new technology platforms to improve the overall guest experience, there can be no guarantees that these platforms will operate as reliably or be as operationally impactful as intended.

We have disaster recovery procedures and business continuity plans in place to address events of a crisis nature, including tornadoes and other natural disasters, and back up off-site locations for recovery of electronic and other forms of data information. However, if we are unable to fully implement our disaster recovery plans, we may experience delays in recovery of data, inability to perform vital corporate functions, tardiness in required reporting and compliance, failures to adequately support field operations and other breakdowns in normal communication and operating procedures that could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and exposure to administrative and other legal claims.

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We outsource certain business processes to third-party vendors that subject us to risks, including disruptions in business and increased costs.

Some business processes are currently outsourced to third parties, including such processes as information technology, gift card tracking, credit and debit card authorization and processing, insurance claims processing, unemployment claims processing, payroll tax filings, vendor payment processing and other accounting processes. We continually evaluate our other business processes to determine if additional outsourcing is a viable, and the most appropriate, option to accomplish our goals. We make a diligent effort to validate that all providers of outsourced services maintain customary internal controls, such as redundant processing facilities and adequate security frameworks to guard against breaches or data loss; however, there are no guarantees that failures will not occur. Failure of third parties to provide adequate services or internal controls over their processes could have an adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or ability to accomplish our financial and management reporting.

We may incur increased costs to comply with privacy and data protection laws and, if we fail to comply or our systems are compromised by a security breach, we could be subject to government enforcement actions, private litigation and adverse publicity.

New, modified and existing privacy and data protection laws and regulations may result in significant costs and compliance challenges and adversely affect our business and financial condition. These privacy laws and regulations, which are constantly evolving, may be interpreted by regulatory authorities in new and differing manners and such interpretations may be inconsistent among jurisdictions. We may incur increased costs to comply with increasingly demanding privacy laws and regulations. We could also be subject to government enforcement actions, private litigation and adverse publicity including reputational damage and loss of guest confidence.

We receive and maintain certain personal, financial or other information about our guests, vendors and employees. In 2022, approximately 85% of our transactions were by credit or debit cards. In addition, certain of our vendors receive and/or maintain certain personal, financial and other information about our employees and guests on our behalf. The use and handling, including security, of this information is regulated by privacy and data protection laws and regulations in various jurisdictions, as well as by certain third-party contracts, frameworks and industry standards, such as the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard. Hardware, software or other applications we develop and procure from third parties may contain defects in design or manufacture or other problems that could unexpectedly compromise information security. Unauthorized parties may also attempt to gain access to our systems and facilities through fraud, trickery or other forms of deceiving our employees or vendors.

In addition, if our security and information systems are compromised as a result of data corruption or loss, cyber-attack or a network security incident, or if our employees or vendors (or other persons or entities with which we do business with) fail to comply with such laws and regulations or fail to meet industry standards and this information is obtained by unauthorized persons or used inappropriately, it could result in liabilities and penalties and could damage our reputation, cause interruption of normal business performance, cause us to incur substantial costs and result in a loss of guest confidence, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. Additionally, we could be subject to litigation and government enforcement actions as a result of any such failure. Any such claim or proceeding could cause us to incur significant unplanned expenses in excess of our insurance coverage, which could have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, if there are malfunctions or other problems with our processing vendors, billing software or payment processing systems, it may cause interruption of normal business performance.

Risks Related to the Restaurant Industry

Changes in food and supply costs and/or availability of products could adversely affect our results of operations.

Our profitability depends in part on our ability to anticipate and react to changes in food and supply costs and/or the availability of products necessary to operate our business, including increased costs arising from federal and/or state mandated requirements. Any increase in food prices or loss of supply, particularly proteins, could adversely affect our operating results. In addition, we are susceptible to increases in food costs as a result of factors beyond our control, such as food supply constrictions, weather conditions, food safety concerns, global pandemics, product recalls, global market and trade conditions, and government regulations. We cannot predict whether we will be able to anticipate and react to changing food costs and/or loss of supply by adjusting our purchasing practices, menu prices or menu offerings, and a failure to do so could adversely affect our operating results. Extreme and/or long term increases in commodity prices

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could adversely affect our future results, especially if we are unable, primarily due to competitive reasons, to increase menu prices. Additionally, if there is a time lag between the increasing commodity prices and our ability to increase menu prices or if we believe the commodity price increase to be short in duration and we choose not to pass on the cost increases, our short-term results could be negatively affected. Also, if we adjust pricing there is no assurance that we will realize the full benefit of any adjustment due to changes in our guests’ menu item selections and guest traffic.

We currently purchase the majority of our beef from four beef suppliers with all of our beef coming from the United States or Canada. While we maintain relationships with additional suppliers, if any of these vendors were unable to fulfill its obligations under its contracts, we could encounter supply shortages and incur higher costs to secure adequate supplies, either of which would harm our business.

Our business could be adversely affected by increased labor costs or labor shortages.

Labor is a primary component in the cost of operating our business. We devote significant resources to recruiting and training our restaurant managers and hourly employees. Increased labor costs due to competition, unionization, increased minimum and tipped wages, changes in hourly and overtime pay, state unemployment rates, sick pay or other employee benefits costs (including workers’ compensation and health insurance), company staffing initiatives or otherwise any regulatory changes resulting from any of the foregoing would adversely impact our operating expenses. In addition, failure to adequately monitor and proactively respond to employee dissatisfaction could lead to poor guest satisfaction, higher turnover, litigation and unionization efforts, which could negatively impact our financial results.

Increased competition for qualified employees caused by a shortage in the labor pool exerts upward pressure on wages paid to attract and retain such personnel, resulting in higher labor costs, together with greater recruitment and training expense. We could suffer from significant indirect costs, including restaurant disruptions due to management or hourly labor turnover and potential delays in new restaurant openings. A shortage in the labor pool could also cause our restaurants to be required to operate with reduced staff which could negatively impact our ability to provide adequate service levels to our guests resulting in adverse guest reactions and a possible reduction in guest traffic counts. Additionally, personal or public health concerns might make some existing personnel or potential candidates reluctant to work in enclosed restaurant environments.

We have many restaurants located in states or municipalities where the minimum and/or tipped wage is greater than the federal minimum and/or tipped wage. We anticipate that additional legislation significantly increasing minimum and/or tipped wage standards will be enacted in future periods and in other jurisdictions. In addition, regulatory actions which result in changes to healthcare eligibility, design and cost structure could occur. Any increases in minimum and/or tipped wages or increases in employee benefits costs will result in higher labor costs.

Our operating margin will be adversely affected to the extent that we are unable or are unwilling to offset any increase in these labor costs through higher prices on our products. Our distributors and suppliers also may be affected by higher minimum wage and benefit standards which could result in higher costs for goods and services supplied to us. Our success depends on our ability to attract, motivate and retain qualified employees to keep pace with our growth strategy. If we are unable to do so, our results of operations may also be adversely affected.

Our objective to increase sales and profits at existing restaurants could be adversely affected by macroeconomic conditions.

In future periods, the U.S. and global economies could further suffer from a downturn in economic activity. Recessionary economic cycles, higher interest rates, higher fuel and other energy costs, inflation, increases in commodity prices, higher levels of unemployment, higher consumer debt levels, higher tax rates and other changes in tax laws, financial market volatility, social unrest, government spending, a low or stagnant pace of economic recovery and growth, or other economic factors that may affect consumer spending or buying habits could adversely affect the demand for our products. In addition, there is no assurance that any governmental plans to stimulate the economy will foster growth in consumer spending or buying habits. As in the past, we could experience reduced guest traffic or we may be unable or unwilling to increase the prices we charge for our products to offset higher costs or fewer transactions, either of which could reduce our sales and profit margins. Also, landlords or other tenants in the shopping centers in which some of our restaurants are located may experience difficulty as a result of macroeconomic trends or cease to operate, which could in turn negatively affect guest traffic at our restaurants. All of these factors could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition or liquidity.

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Our success depends on our ability to compete with many food service businesses.

The restaurant industry is intensely competitive. We compete with many well-established food service companies on the basis of taste, quality and price of products offered, guest service, atmosphere, location, take-out and delivery options and overall guest experience. Our competitors include a large and diverse group of restaurant chains and individual restaurants that range from independent local operators that have opened restaurants in various markets to well-capitalized national restaurant chains. We also face competition from meal kit delivery services as well as the supermarket industry. In addition, improving product offerings of fast casual and quick-service restaurants, together with negative economic conditions could cause consumers to choose less expensive alternatives. As our competitors expand their operations, we expect competition to intensify. We also compete with other restaurant chains and other retail establishments for quality site locations and employees. Additionally, our competitors may generate or better implement business strategies that improve the value and the relevance of their brands and reputation, relative to ours. This could include the testing of delivery via internal or third-party methods or better execution around guests’ to-go experience.

The food service industry is affected by litigation and publicity concerning food quality, health and other issues, which can cause guests to avoid our restaurants and result in significant liabilities or litigation costs.

Food service businesses can be adversely affected by litigation and complaints from guests, consumer groups or government authorities resulting from food quality, illness, injury or other health concerns or operating issues stemming from one restaurant or a limited number of restaurants. Adverse publicity about these allegations may negatively affect us, regardless of whether the allegations are true, by discouraging guests from eating at our restaurants. We could also incur significant liabilities if a lawsuit or claim results in a decision against us or litigation costs regardless of the result.

Our business could be adversely affected by our inability to respond to or effectively manage social media.

As part of our marketing strategy, we utilize social media platforms to promote our concepts and attract and retain guests. Our strategy may not be successful, resulting in expenses incurred without improvement in guest traffic or brand relevance. In addition, a variety of risks are associated with the use of social media, including improper disclosure of proprietary information, negative comments about us, exposure of personally identifiable information, fraud, or dissemination of false information. The inappropriate use of social media vehicles by our guests or employees could increase our costs, lead to litigation or result in negative publicity that could damage our reputation and adversely affect our results of operations.

Given the marked increase in the use of social media platforms, individuals have access to a broad audience of consumers and other interested persons. The availability of information on social media platforms is virtually immediate as is its impact. Many social media platforms immediately publish the content their subscribers and participants post, often without filters or checks on the accuracy of the content posted. Information concerning our Company may be posted on such platforms at any time. Additionally, social media has increasingly been utilized to target specific companies or brands as a result of a variety of actions or inactions, or perceived actions or inactions, that are disfavored by interest groups and such campaigns can rapidly accelerate and impact consumer behavior. If we are unable to quickly and effectively respond to such reports, we may suffer declines in guest traffic. The impact may be immediate without affording us an opportunity for redress or correction. These factors could have a material adverse impact on our business.

Health, social and environmental concerns relating to the consumption or sourcing of beef or other food products could affect consumer preferences and could negatively impact our results of operations.

Like other restaurant chains, consumer preferences could be affected by concerns about the consumption or sourcing of beef, the key ingredient in many of our menu items, or negative publicity concerning food quality and food safety, including food-borne illnesses. In addition, consumer preferences may be impacted by current and future menu-labeling requirements or social and environmental concerns about the sourcing of food products throughout our supply chain. Future regulatory action may occur which could result in further changes in the nutritional and environmental disclosure requirements. We cannot make any assurances regarding our ability to effectively respond to changes in consumer perceptions and to adapt our menu offerings to prevailing trends. The imposition of menu-labeling and food sourcing laws or regulations could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position, as well as the restaurant industry in general. The labeling and sourcing requirements and any negative publicity concerning any of the food products we serve may adversely affect demand for our food and could result in a decrease in guest traffic to

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our restaurants. If we react to labeling or sourcing requirements or negative publicity by changing our concepts or our menu offerings or their ingredients, we may lose guests who do not prefer the new concept or products, and we may not be able to attract sufficient new guests to produce the revenue needed to make our restaurants profitable. In addition, we may have different or additional competitors for our intended guests as a result of a change in our concept and may not be able to compete successfully against those competitors. A decrease in guest traffic to our restaurants as a result of these health, social and environmental concerns or negative publicity or as a result of a change in our menu or concept could significantly harm our business.

Food safety and sanitation, food-borne illness and health concerns may have an adverse effect on our business by reducing demand and increasing costs.

Food safety and sanitation is a top priority, and we dedicate substantial resources to help our guests enjoy safe, quality food products. However, food-borne illnesses and food safety issues occur in the food industry from time to time. Any report or publicity, whether true or not, linking us to instances of food-borne illness or other food safety issues, including food tampering or contamination, could adversely affect our concepts and reputation as well as our revenue and profits. In addition, instances of food-borne illness, food tampering or food contamination occurring solely at restaurants of our competitors could result in negative publicity about the food service industry generally and adversely impact our revenue and profits.

Furthermore, our reliance on third-party food suppliers and distributors increases the risk that food-borne illness incidents could be caused by factors outside of our control and that multiple locations would be affected rather than a single restaurant. While we attempt to minimize the risk, we cannot assure that all food items are properly maintained during transport throughout the supply chain and that our employees will identify all products that may be spoiled and should not be used in our restaurants. If our guests become ill from food-borne illnesses, we could be forced to temporarily close some restaurants. Furthermore, any instances of food contamination, whether or not at our restaurants, could subject us or our suppliers to a food recall.

In addition to the novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19, the United States and other countries have experienced, or may experience in the future, outbreaks of viruses, such as Hepatitis A, Norovirus, Ebola, Avian Flu, SARS and H1N1. To the extent that a virus is food-borne, future outbreaks may adversely affect the price and availability of certain food products and cause our guests to eat less of a product which may have a significant adverse effect on our business.

Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure

Provisions in our charter documents and Delaware law may delay or prevent our acquisition by a third party.

Our certificate of incorporation and by-laws contain several provisions that may make it more difficult for a third party to acquire control of us without the approval of our Board of Directors (the "Board"). These provisions include, among other things, advance notice for raising business or making nominations at meetings and "blank check" preferred stock. Blank check preferred stock enables our Board, without approval of the shareholders, to designate and issue additional series of preferred stock with such dividend, liquidation, conversion, voting or other rights, including the right to issue convertible securities with no limitations on conversion, as our Board may determine. The issuance of blank check preferred stock may adversely affect the voting and other rights of the holders of our common stock as our Board may designate and issue preferred stock with terms that are senior to our common stock. These provisions may make it more difficult or expensive for a third party to acquire a majority of our outstanding common stock. These provisions also may delay, prevent or deter a merger, acquisition, tender offer, proxy contest or other transaction that might otherwise result in our stockholders receiving a premium over the market price for their common stock. If we issue preferred shares in the future that have a preference over our common stock with respect to dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up, or if we issue preferred shares with voting rights that dilute the voting power of our common stock, the rights of our common stockholders or the market price of our common stock may be adversely affected.

The Delaware General Corporation Law prohibits us from engaging in "business combinations" with "interested shareholders" (with some exceptions) unless such transaction is approved in a prescribed manner. The existence of this provision could have an anti-takeover effect with respect to transactions not approved in advance by the Board, including discouraging attempts that might result in a premium over the market price for our common stock.

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There can be no assurance that we will continue to pay dividends on our common stock or repurchase our common stock up to the maximum amounts permitted under our previously announced repurchase program.

Payment of cash dividends on our common stock or repurchases of our common stock are subject to compliance with applicable laws and depends on, among other things, our results of operations, financial condition, level of indebtedness, capital requirements, business prospects, macro-economic conditions and other factors that our Board may deem relevant. There can be no assurance that we will continue to pay dividends or repurchase our common stock at the same levels we have historically (if at all).

Our business could be negatively affected as a result of actions of activist shareholders, and such activism could impact the trading value of our common stock.

We value constructive input from our shareholders and the investment community. Our Board and management team are committed to acting in the best interests of all of our shareholders. There is no assurance that the actions taken by our Board and management in seeking to maintain constructive engagement with our shareholders will be successful.

Responding to actions by activist shareholders can be costly and time-consuming, disrupting our operations and diverting the attention of management and our employees. Such activities could interfere with our ability to execute our strategic plan. The perceived uncertainties as to our future direction also resulting from activist strategies could also affect the market price and volatility of our common stock.

Failure to achieve and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting may negatively impact our business and our financial results.

The Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting. Despite its inherent limitations, effective internal control over financial reporting helps provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting for external purposes. A significant accounting error correction, financial reporting failure or material weakness in internal control over financial reporting could cause results in our consolidated financial statements that do not accurately reflect our financial condition, a loss of investor confidence and subsequent decline in the market price of our common stock, increase our costs and regulatory scrutiny, and lead to litigation or result in negative publicity that could damage our reputation.

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ITEM 1B—UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2—PROPERTIES

Properties

Our Support Center is located in Louisville, Kentucky. We occupy this facility under a master lease with Paragon Centre Holdings, LLC, a limited liability company in which we have a minority ownership position. As of December 27, 2022, we leased 133,023 square feet. Our lease expires on October 31, 2048, including all applicable extensions.

Of the 597 company restaurants in operation as of December 27, 2022, we owned 150 locations and leased 447 locations, as shown in the following table.

State	Owned	Leased	Total
Alabama	3	6	9
Alaska	—	2	2
Arizona	5	15	20
Arkansas	1	7	8
California	1	5	6
Colorado	7	10	17
Connecticut	—	5	5
Delaware	1	2	3
Florida	7	37	44
Georgia	4	12	16
Idaho	1	5	6
Illinois	3	16	19
Indiana	13	12	25
Iowa	3	8	11
Kansas	2	4	6
Kentucky	4	13	17
Louisiana	2	8	10
Maine	—	3	3
Maryland	—	8	8
Massachusetts	1	9	10
Michigan	5	13	18
Minnesota	1	6	7
Mississippi	1	2	3
Missouri	3	15	18
Nebraska	1	3	4
Nevada	—	4	4
New Hampshire	2	1	3
New Jersey	—	10	10
New Mexico	1	6	7
New York	3	18	21
North Carolina	4	17	21
North Dakota	—	2	2
Ohio	12	23	35
Oklahoma	2	6	8
Oregon	—	2	2
Pennsylvania	3	23	26
Rhode Island	—	3	3
South Carolina	—	9	9
South Dakota	1	1	2
Tennessee	—	17	17
Texas	39	42	81
Utah	1	9	10
Vermont	—	1	1
Virginia	6	15	21
Washington	—	2	2
West Virginia	1	3	4
Wisconsin	4	7	11
Wyoming	2	—	2
Total	150	447	597

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Additional information concerning our properties and leasing arrangements is included in Note 2(h), Note 2(i) and Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements appearing in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 3—LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Information regarding legal proceedings is included in Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements appearing in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 4—MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

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PART II

ITEM 5—MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol TXRH.

The number of holders of record of our common stock as of February 15, 2023 was 159.

On February 14, 2023, our Board of Directors (the "Board") declared a quarterly dividend of $0.55 per share of common stock which will be distributed on March 24, 2023 to shareholders of record at the close of business on March 8, 2023. The declaration and payment of cash dividends on our common stock is at the discretion of our Board, and any decision to declare a dividend will be based on a number of factors including, but not limited to, earnings, financial condition, applicable covenants under our amended credit facility and other contractual restrictions, or other factors deemed relevant.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

There were no equity securities sold by the Company during the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K that were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

Issuer Repurchases of Securities

In 2008, our Board approved our first stock repurchase program. From inception through December 27, 2022, we have paid $633.5 million through our authorized stock repurchase programs to repurchase 21,041,442 shares of our common stock at an average price per share of $30.11. On March 17, 2022, the Board approved a stock repurchase program under which we may repurchase up to $300.0 million of our common stock. This stock repurchase program has no expiration date and replaced a previous stock repurchase program which was approved on May 31, 2019 that authorized the Company to repurchase up to $250.0 million of our common stock. All repurchases to date have been made through open market transactions. In 2022, we paid $212.9 million to repurchase 2,734,005 shares of our common stock. This includes $133.1 million repurchased under our current authorized stock repurchase program and $79.7 million repurchased under our prior authorization. For the 13 week period ended December 27, 2022, we did not repurchase any shares of our common stock. As of December 27, 2022, $166.9 million remains authorized for stock repurchases.

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Stock Performance Graph

The following graph sets forth the cumulative total shareholder return experienced by holders of the Company’s common stock compared to the cumulative total return of the broad market indices of the S&P 500 Index and Russell 3000 Index as well as the industry specific indices of the S&P Composite 1500 Restaurant Sub-Index and Russell 3000 Restaurant Index for the five year period ended December 27, 2022, the last trading day of our fiscal year. The graph assumes the values of the investment in our common stock and each index was $100 on December 26, 2017 and the reinvestment of all dividends paid during the period of the securities comprising the indices.

Historically, we have presented the performance graph by comparing our cumulative total shareholder return against the Russell 3000 Index and Russell 3000 Restaurant Index. In 2022, we transitioned to the S&P 500 Index and S&P Composite 1500 Restaurant Sub-Index as these are more widely utilized industry indices. The performance graph below presents all the indices used for this transition year.

Note: The stock price performance shown on the graph below does not indicate future performance.

Comparison of Cumulative Total Return Since December 26, 2017

	12/26/2017		12/24/2018		12/31/2019		12/29/2020		12/28/2021		12/27/2022
Texas Roadhouse, Inc.	$	100.00	$	106.69	$	108.05	$	152.59	$	175.44	$	188.43
S&P 500	$	100.00	$	89.44	$	125.44	$	147.34	$	191.93	$	156.08
S&P Composite 1500 Restaurant Sub-Index	$	100.00	$	104.87	$	135.44	$	161.06	$	196.79	$	181.84
Russell 3000	$	100.00	$	88.62	$	123.87	$	148.62	$	188.83	$	151.48
Russell 3000 Restaurant Index	$	100.00	$	100.16	$	130.00	$	147.41	$	170.36	$	159.21

ITEM 6—RESERVED

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ITEM 7—MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The discussion and analysis below of the financial condition and results of operations for Texas Roadhouse, Inc. (collectively, the "Company," "we," "our" and/or "us") should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes to such financial statements (pages F-1 to F-28), "Forward-looking Statements" (page 3) and Risk Factors set forth in Item 1A. For discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations for fiscal year 2021 compared to fiscal year 2020, see Part II, Item 7 of our 2021 Form 10-K.

Our Company

Texas Roadhouse, Inc. is a growing restaurant company operating predominately in the casual dining segment. Our late founder, W. Kent Taylor, started the business in 1993 with the opening of the first Texas Roadhouse restaurant in Clarksville, Indiana. Since then, we have grown to three concepts with 697 restaurants in 49 states and ten foreign countries. As of December 27, 2022, our 697 restaurants included:

● 597 "company restaurants," of which 577 were wholly-owned and 20 were majority-owned. Of the 597 restaurants we owned and operated at the end of 2022, we operated 552 as Texas Roadhouse restaurants, 40 as Bubba’s 33 restaurants and five as Jaggers restaurants. The results of operations of company restaurants are included in our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. The portion of income attributable to noncontrolling interests in company restaurants that are majority-owned is reflected in the line item entitled "Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests" in our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

● 100 "franchise restaurants," 23 of which we have a 5.0% to 10.0% ownership interest. All of the franchise restaurants operated as Texas Roadhouse restaurants. The income derived from our minority interests in these franchise restaurants is reported in the line item entitled "Equity income from investments in unconsolidated affiliates" in our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. Additionally, we provide various management services to these 23 franchise restaurants, as well as five additional franchise restaurants in which we have no ownership interest. Of the 100 franchise restaurants, 62 were domestic restaurants and 38 were international restaurants.

We have contractual arrangements that grant us the right to acquire at pre-determined formulas the remaining equity interests in 18 of the 20 majority-owned company restaurants and 58 of the 62 domestic franchise restaurants.

Throughout this report, we use the term "restaurants" to include Texas Roadhouse and Bubba’s 33, unless otherwise noted.

Presentation of Financial and Operating Data

We operate on a fiscal year that ends on the last Tuesday in December. Fiscal year 2022 and fiscal year 2021 were both 52 weeks in length, and the fourth quarters were both 13 weeks in length.

COVID-19 and Related Impacts

The Company has been subject to risks and uncertainties as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic (the "pandemic"). These include federal, state and local restrictions on restaurants, some of which limited capacity or seating in dining rooms while others allowed to-go or curbside service only. In 2022, all of our domestic company and franchise locations operated without restriction. We also experienced and expect to continue to experience commodity inflation and certain food and supply shortages as well as a more competitive labor market. To the extent these challenges persist, we will continue to experience increased costs.

Long-term Strategies to Grow Earnings Per Share and Create Shareholder Value

Our long-term strategies with respect to increasing net income and earnings per share, along with creating shareholder value, include the following:

● Expanding Our Restaurant Base. We continue to evaluate opportunities to develop restaurants in existing markets and in new domestic and international markets. Domestically, we remain focused primarily on markets

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where we believe a significant demand for our restaurants exists because of population size, income levels, the presence of shopping and entertainment centers and a significant employment base. In addition, we continue to pursue opportunities to acquire domestic franchise locations to expand our company restaurant base.

We have entered into area development and franchise agreements for the development and operation of Texas Roadhouse restaurants in numerous foreign countries and one U.S. territory. We have also entered into area development agreements for Jaggers, our fast-casual concept. We expect our first Jaggers franchise restaurant to open in 2023.

In 2022, we opened 23 company restaurants while our franchise partners opened seven restaurants internationally. The company restaurants included 18 Texas Roadhouse restaurants, four Bubba’s 33 restaurants, and one Jaggers restaurant. In 2023, we plan to open approximately 25 to 30 Texas Roadhouse and Bubba’s 33 company restaurants and three Jaggers company restaurants. In addition, we expect as many as nine Texas Roadhouse international and domestic franchise openings and three Jaggers domestic franchise openings in 2023.

In 2022, we completed the acquisition of eight domestic franchise Texas Roadhouse restaurants for an aggregate purchase price of $33.1 million. On our first day of fiscal year 2023, we completed the acquisition of eight domestic franchise Texas Roadhouse restaurants for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $39.0 million.

● Maintaining and/or Improving Restaurant Level Profitability. We continue to focus on driving comparable restaurant sales to maintain or improve store level profitability. This includes a pricing strategy that balances the impacts of inflationary pressures with our long-term value positioning. In terms of driving traffic at our restaurants, we remain focused on encouraging repeat visits by our guests and attracting new guests through our continued commitment to operational standards relating to food and service quality. To attract new guests and increase the frequency of visits of our existing guests, we continue to drive various localized marketing programs, focus on speed of service, increase throughput by adding seats and parking at certain restaurants and continue to enhance the guest digital experience.

At our high volume restaurants, we continue to look for opportunities to increase our dining room capacity by adding on to our existing building and/or to increase our parking capacity by leasing or purchasing property that adjoins our site. We also continue to make a number of building modifications and/or expansions to existing restaurants in order to better accommodate our increased dine-in and to-go sales. These modifications include room expansions which add additional guest seating, the addition of to-go areas, and cooler expansions to accommodate higher inventory levels.

In recent years, we have relocated several existing Texas Roadhouse locations at or near the end of their associated lease or as a result of eminent domain which allowed us to move to a better site, update them to a current prototypical design, construct a larger building with more seats and greater number of available parking spaces, accommodate increased to-go sales and/or obtain more favorable lease terms. We continue to evaluate these opportunities particularly as it relates to older locations with strong sales.

● Leveraging Our Scalable Infrastructure. To support our growth, we have made investments in our infrastructure across all critical functions, including the development of new strategic initiatives. Whether we are able to leverage our infrastructure in future years by growing our general and administrative costs at a slower rate than our revenue will depend, in part, on our new restaurant openings, our comparable restaurant sales growth rate going forward and the level of investment we continue to make in our infrastructure.

● Returning Capital to Shareholders. We continue to evaluate opportunities to return capital to our shareholders, including the payment of dividends and repurchase of common stock. In 2011, our Board of Directors (the "Board") declared our first quarterly dividend of $0.08 per share of common stock which has consistently grown over time. In 2022, the Board declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.46 per share of common stock. On February 14, 2023, the Board declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.55 per share of common stock, representing a 20% increase compared to the quarterly dividend declared in the prior year period.

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In 2008, the Board approved our first stock repurchase program. From inception through December 27, 2022, we have paid $633.5 million through our authorized stock repurchase programs to repurchase 21,041,442 shares of our common stock at an average price per share of $30.11. On March 17, 2022, the Board approved a stock repurchase program under which we may repurchase up to $300.0 million of our common stock. In 2022, we paid $212.9 million to repurchase 2,734,005 shares of our common stock. This includes $133.1 million repurchased under our current authorized stock repurchase program and $79.7 million repurchased under our prior authorization. As of December 27, 2022, $166.9 million remains authorized for stock repurchases.

Key Measures We Use To Evaluate Our Company

Key measures we use to evaluate and assess our business include the following:

● Comparable Restaurant Sales. Comparable restaurant sales reflects the change in sales for all company restaurants over the same period of the prior year for the comparable restaurant base. We define the comparable restaurant base to include those restaurants open for a full 18 months before the beginning of the period measured excluding restaurants permanently closed during the period. Comparable restaurant sales can be impacted by changes in guest traffic counts or by changes in the per person average check amount. Menu price changes, the mix of menu items sold and the mix of dine-in versus to-go sales can affect the per person average check amount.

● Average Unit Volume. Average unit volume represents the average annual restaurant sales for Texas Roadhouse and Bubba’s 33 restaurants open for a full six months before the beginning of the period measured excluding sales of restaurants permanently closed during the period. Historically, average unit volume growth is less than comparable restaurant sales growth which indicates that newer restaurants are operating with sales levels lower than company average. At times, average unit volume growth may be more than comparable restaurant sales growth which indicates that newer restaurants are operating with sales levels higher than company average.

● Store Weeks and New Restaurant Openings. Store weeks represent the number of weeks that all company restaurants, unless otherwise noted, were open during the reporting period. Store weeks include weeks in which a restaurant is temporarily closed. Store week growth is driven by new restaurant openings and franchise acquisitions. New restaurant openings reflect the number of restaurants opened during a particular fiscal period, excluding store relocations. We consider store openings that occur simultaneous with a store closure in the same trade area to be a relocation.

● Restaurant Margin. Restaurant margin (in dollars and as a percentage of restaurant and other sales) represents restaurant and other sales less restaurant-level operating costs, including food and beverage costs, labor, rent and other operating costs. Restaurant margin is not a measurement determined in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") and should not be considered in isolation, or as an alternative, to income from operations. This non-GAAP measure is not indicative of overall company performance and profitability in that this measure does not accrue directly to the benefit of shareholders due to the nature of the costs excluded. Restaurant margin is widely regarded as a useful metric by which to evaluate core restaurant-level operating efficiency and performance over various reporting periods on a consistent basis.

In calculating restaurant margin, we exclude certain non-restaurant-level costs that support operations, including general and administrative expenses, but do not have a direct impact on core restaurant-level operational efficiency and performance. We also exclude pre-opening expense as it occurs at irregular intervals and would impact comparability to prior period results. We also exclude depreciation and amortization expense, substantially all of which relates to restaurant-level assets, as it represents a non-cash charge for the investment in our restaurants. We also exclude impairment and closure expense as we believe this provides a clearer perspective of the Company’s ongoing operating performance and a more useful comparison to prior period results. Restaurant margin as presented may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies in our industry. A reconciliation of income from operations to restaurant margin is included in the Results of Operations section below.

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Other Key Definitions

Restaurant and Other Sales. Restaurant sales include gross food and beverage sales, net of promotions and discounts, for all company restaurants. Sales taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are accounted for on a net basis and therefore are excluded from restaurant sales in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. Other sales include the amortization of fees associated with our third-party gift card sales net of the amortization of gift card breakage income. 

Franchise Royalties and Fees. Franchise royalties consist of royalties, as defined in our franchise agreement, paid to us by our domestic and international franchisees. Domestic and international franchisees also typically pay an initial franchise fee and/or development fee for each new restaurant or territory.

Food and Beverage Costs. Food and beverage costs consists of the costs of raw materials and ingredients used in the preparation of food and beverage products sold in our company restaurants. Approximately half of our food and beverage costs relates to beef.

Restaurant Labor Expenses. Restaurant labor expenses include all direct and indirect labor costs incurred in operations except for profit sharing incentive compensation expenses earned by our restaurant managing partners and market partners. These profit sharing expenses are reflected in restaurant other operating expenses. Restaurant labor expenses also include share-based compensation expense related to restaurant-level employees.

Restaurant Rent Expense. Restaurant rent expense includes all rent, except pre-opening rent, associated with the leasing of real estate and includes base, percentage and straight-line rent expense.

Restaurant Other Operating Expenses. Restaurant other operating expenses consist of all other restaurant-level operating costs, the major components of which are credit card fees, utilities, supplies, repairs and maintenance, equipment rent, property taxes, profit sharing incentive compensation for our restaurant managing partners and market partners and general liability insurance.

Pre-opening Expenses. Pre-opening expenses, which are charged to operations as incurred, consist of expenses incurred before the opening of a new or relocated restaurant and are comprised principally of opening and training team compensation and benefits, travel expenses, rent, food, beverage and other initial supplies and expenses. On average, approximately 70% of total pre-opening costs incurred per restaurant opening relate to the hiring and training of employees. Pre-opening costs vary by location depending on a number of factors, including the size and physical layout of each location; the number of management and hourly employees required to operate each restaurant; the availability of qualified restaurant staff members; the cost of travel and lodging for different geographic areas; the timing of the restaurant opening; and the extent of unexpected delays, if any, in obtaining final licenses and permits to open the restaurants.

Depreciation and Amortization Expenses. Depreciation and amortization expenses include the depreciation of fixed assets and amortization of intangibles with definite lives, substantially all of which relates to restaurant-level assets.

Impairment and Closure Costs, Net. Impairment and closure costs, net include any impairment of long-lived assets, including property and equipment, operating lease right-of-use assets and goodwill, and expenses associated with the closure of a restaurant. Closure costs also include any gains or losses associated with a relocated restaurant or the sale of a closed restaurant and/or assets held for sale as well as lease costs associated with closed or relocated restaurants.

General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses are comprised of expenses associated with corporate and administrative functions that support development and restaurant operations and provide an infrastructure to support future growth. This includes software hosting fees, professional fees, group insurance, advertising expense, salary and share-based compensation expense related to executive officers, Support Center employees and market partners and the realized and unrealized holding gains and losses related to the investments in our deferred compensation plan.

Interest Expense, Net. Interest expense, net includes interest expense on our debt or financing obligations including the amortization of loan fees reduced by earnings on cash and cash equivalents and capitalized interest.

Equity Income (loss) from Unconsolidated Affiliates. Equity income (loss) includes our percentage share of net income earned by unconsolidated affiliates and our share of any gain on the acquisition of these affiliates. As of

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December 27, 2022 and December 28, 2021, we owned a 5.0% to 10.0% equity interest in 23 and 24 domestic franchise restaurants, respectively. Additionally, we had a 40% equity interest in four non-Texas Roadhouse restaurants as part of a joint venture agreement with a casual dining restaurant operator in China that we fully impaired in 2021.

Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests. Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests represents the portion of income attributable to the other owners of the majority-owned restaurants. Our consolidated subsidiaries include 20 majority-owned restaurants for all periods presented.

2022 Financial Highlights

Total revenue increased $551.0 million or 15.9% to $4.0 billion in 2022 compared to $3.5 billion in 2021 primarily due to an increase in store weeks and an increase in comparable restaurant sales. Store weeks and comparable restaurant sales increased 6.1% and 9.7%, respectively, at company restaurants in 2022. The increase in store weeks was due to new store openings and the acquisition of franchise restaurants. The increase in comparable restaurant sales was due to an increase in per person average check and an increase in guest traffic.

Net income increased $24.5 million or 10.0% to $269.8 million in 2022 compared to $245.3 million in 2021 primarily due to higher restaurant margin dollars, as described below, partially offset by higher general and administrative expenses and higher depreciation and amortization expense. Diluted earnings per share increased 13.5% to $3.97 from $3.50 in the prior year due to the increase in net income and the benefit of share repurchases.

Restaurant margin dollars increased $45.8 million or 7.9% to $627.5 million in 2022 compared to $581.7 million in 2021 primarily due to higher sales. Restaurant margin, as a percentage of restaurant and other sales, decreased to 15.7% in 2022 compared to 16.9% in 2021. The decrease in restaurant margin, as a percentage of restaurant and other sales, was due to commodity and wage and other labor inflation partially offset by higher sales.

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	Results of Operations
	Fiscal Year Ended
	2022		2021
	$	%	$	%
	(In thousands)
Consolidated Statements of Income:
Revenue:
Restaurant and other sales	3,988,791	99.3	3,439,176	99.3
Franchise royalties and fees	26,128	0.7	24,770	0.7
Total revenue	4,014,919	100.0	3,463,946	100.0
Costs and expenses:
(As a percentage of restaurant and other sales)
Restaurant operating costs (excluding depreciation and amortization shown separately below):
Food and beverage	1,378,192	34.6	1,156,628	33.6
Labor	1,319,959	33.1	1,123,003	32.7
Rent	66,834	1.7	60,005	1.7
Other operating	596,305	14.9	517,808	15.1
(As a percentage of total revenue)
Pre-opening	21,883	0.5	24,335	0.7
Depreciation and amortization	137,237	3.4	126,761	3.7
Impairment and closure, net	1,600	NM	734	NM
General and administrative	172,712	4.3	157,480	4.5
Total costs and expenses	3,694,722	92.0	3,166,754	91.4
Income from operations	320,197	8.0	297,192	8.6
Interest expense, net	124	NM	3,663	0.1
Equity income (loss) from investments in unconsolidated affiliates	1,239	NM	(637)	NM
Income before taxes	321,312	8.0	292,892	8.5
Income tax expense	43,715	1.1	39,578	1.1
Net income including noncontrolling interests	277,597	6.9	253,314	7.3
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	7,779	0.2	8,020	0.2
Net income attributable to Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and subsidiaries	269,818	6.7	245,294	7.1

NM – Not meaningful

	Reconciliation of Income from Operations to Restaurant Margin
	Fiscal Year Ended
	2022	2021
	(In thousands, except per store week)
Income from operations	$ 320,197	$ 297,192
Less:
Franchise royalties and fees	26,128	24,770
Add:
Pre-opening	21,883	24,335
Depreciation and amortization	137,237	126,761
Impairment and closure, net	1,600	734
General and administrative	172,712	157,480
Restaurant margin	$ 627,501	$ 581,732
Restaurant margin $/store week	$ 20,721	$ 20,389
Restaurant margin (as a percentage of restaurant and other sales)	15.7%	16.9%

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Restaurant Unit Activity

	Total	Texas Roadhouse	Bubba's 33	Jaggers
Balance at December 28, 2021	667	627	36	4
Company openings	23	18	4	1
Company closings	—	—	—	—
Franchise openings - Domestic	—	—	—	—
Franchise openings - International	7	7	—	—
Franchise closings	—	—	—	—
Balance at December 27, 2022	697	652	40	5

	December 27, 2022	December 28, 2021
Company - Texas Roadhouse	552	526
Company - Bubba's 33	40	36
Company - Jaggers	5	4
Franchise - Texas Roadhouse - U.S.	62	70
Franchise - Texas Roadhouse - International	38	31
Total	697	667

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Restaurant and Other Sales

Restaurant and other sales increased 16.0% in 2022 compared to 2021. The following table summarizes certain key drivers and/or attributes of restaurant sales at company restaurants for the periods presented. Company restaurant count activity is shown in the restaurant unit activity table above.

	2022			2021
Company Restaurants:
Increase in store weeks		6.1	%		5.0	%
Increase in average unit volume		9.4	%		36.7	%
Other(1)		0.4	%		2.6	%
Total increase in restaurant sales		15.9	%		44.3	%
Other sales		0.1	%		0.2	%
Total increase in restaurant and other sales		16.0	%		44.5	%
Store weeks		30,284			28,531
Comparable restaurant sales		9.7	%		37.8	%
Texas Roadhouse restaurants:
Store weeks		28,127			26,622
Comparable restaurant sales		9.7	%		37.6	%
Average unit volume (in thousands)	$	6,962		$	6,358
Weekly sales by group:
Comparable restaurants (499 and 473 units)	$	134,085		$	123,064
Average unit volume restaurants (20 and 18 units)(2)	$	128,665		$	104,545
Restaurants less than six months old (33 and 35 units)	$	135,401		$	124,142
Bubba's 33 restaurants:
Store weeks		1,936			1,747
Comparable restaurant sales		10.5	%		43.0	%
Average unit volume (in thousands)	$	5,620		$	5,090
Weekly sales by group:
Comparable restaurants (30 and 25 units)	$	108,132		$	101,097
Average unit volume restaurants (4 and 5 units)(2)	$	107,636		$	81,813
Restaurants less than six months old (6 and 6 units)	$	121,791		$	115,554

(1) Includes the impact of the year-over-year change in sales volume of all Jaggers restaurants, along with Texas Roadhouse and Bubba’s 33 restaurants open less than six months before the beginning of the period measured and, if applicable, the impact of restaurants permanently closed or acquired during the period.

(2) Average unit volume restaurants include restaurants open a full six to 18 months before the beginning of the period measured, excluding sales from restaurants permanently closed during the period, if applicable.

The increase in restaurant sales for 2022 was primarily attributable to an increase in store weeks and an increase in comparable restaurant sales. The increase in store weeks was driven by the opening of new restaurants and the acquisition of franchise restaurants. The increase in comparable restaurant sales growth was driven primarily by increases in our per person average check as shown in the table below.

	2022		2021
Guest traffic counts	1.9	%	27.6	%
Per person average check	7.8	%	10.2	%
Comparable restaurant sales growth	9.7	%	37.8	%

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The increase in 2022 guest traffic counts was due to an increase in dining room traffic partially offset by a decrease in to-go traffic. The increase in dining room traffic counts was primarily driven by all of our company locations operating without capacity restrictions for the entire 2022 period. To-go sales as a percentage of total restaurant sales were 13.3% in 2022 compared to 17.1% in 2021.

Per person average check includes the benefit of menu price increases of approximately 3.2% and 2.9% implemented in Q2 2022 and Q4 2022, respectively, as well as increases of 1.8% and 4.2% implemented in Q2 2021 and Q4 2021, respectively.

In 2022, we opened 23 company restaurants, which included 18 Texas Roadhouse restaurants, four Bubba’s 33 restaurants and one Jaggers restaurant. We also completed the acquisition of eight franchise restaurants.

In 2023, we plan to open approximately 25 to 30 Texas Roadhouse and Bubba’s 33 company restaurants and three Jaggers company restaurants. On December 28, 2022, the first day of our 2023 fiscal year, we completed the acquisition of eight domestic franchise restaurants for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $39.0 million. In total, we expect store week growth of at least 6% in 2023, including the impact of the franchise restaurants acquired.

Other sales primarily represents the net impact of amortization of third-party gift card fees and gift card breakage income. The net impact was ($6.4) million and ($6.1) million for 2022 and 2021, respectively. The change was driven primarily by favorable adjustments of $6.6 million and $4.8 million recorded in 2022 and 2021, respectively. These adjustments related to a change in our estimate of breakage due to a shift in our historic redemption pattern which indicated that the percentage of gift cards sold that are not expected to be redeemed had increased. This shift in redemption patterns was primarily due to the increase in sales through our third-party gift card program. As a result, we adjusted our expected breakage assumptions on unredeemed gift cards. The adjustments were partially offset by an increase in amortization of third-party fees due to an increase in sales through our third-party gift card program.

Franchise Royalties and Fees

Franchise royalties and fees increased by $1.4 million or 5.5% compared to 2021 due to comparable restaurant sales growth and new store openings partially offset by decreased royalties related to the eight franchise acquisitions in 2022. Franchise comparable restaurant sales increased 10.3% in 2022.

In 2022, our franchise partners opened seven Texas Roadhouse international restaurants. In 2023, we expect as many as nine Texas Roadhouse international and domestic franchise openings and three Jaggers domestic franchise openings.

Food and Beverage Costs

Food and beverage costs, as a percentage of restaurant and other sales, increased to 34.6% in 2022 from 33.6% in 2021 primarily due to commodity inflation partially offset by the benefit of a higher guest check. Commodity inflation was 10.8% in 2022, with higher costs across the basket.

For 2023, we currently expect commodity cost inflation of 5% to 6% for the year with prices locked for approximately 40% of our forecasted costs and the remainder subject to floating market prices.

Restaurant Labor Expenses

Restaurant labor expense, as a percentage of restaurant and other sales, increased to 33.1% in 2022 compared to 32.7% in 2021. This increase was primarily due to wage and other labor inflation of 8.3% in 2022. Wage and other labor inflation was primarily due to higher wage and benefit expense driven by labor market pressures along with increases in state-mandated minimum and tipped wage rates and increased investment in our people. In addition, a higher mix of dining room sales versus to-go sales also contributed to the increase. The increase was partially offset by the benefit of a higher guest check as well as a decrease in group insurance and workers’ compensation expense due to favorable claims experience of $7.2 million as compared to the prior year.

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In 2023, we anticipate our labor costs will continue to be pressured by wage and other labor inflation of 5% to 6% driven by labor market pressures, increases in state-mandated minimum and tipped wages and increased investment in our people.

Restaurant Rent Expense

Restaurant rent expense, as a percentage of restaurant and other sales, remained flat at 1.7% in both periods presented. The increase in average unit volume was offset by higher rent expense, as a percentage of restaurant and other sales, at our newer restaurants.

Restaurant Other Operating Expenses

Restaurant other operating expenses, as a percentage of restaurant and other sales, decreased to 14.9% in 2022 compared to 15.1% in 2021. The decrease was primarily due to the increase in average unit volume and lower supplies and bonus expense partially offset by higher credit card charges and repair and maintenance costs.

Restaurant Pre-opening Expenses

Pre-opening expenses were $21.9 million in 2022 compared to $24.3 million in 2021. Pre-opening costs will fluctuate from period to period based on the specific pre-opening costs incurred for each restaurant, the number and timing of restaurant openings and the number and timing of restaurant managers hired.

Depreciation and Amortization Expenses

Depreciation and amortization expenses, as a percentage of revenue, decreased to 3.4% in 2022 compared to 3.7% in 2021. The decrease was primarily due to the increase in average unit volume partially offset by higher depreciation at new restaurants and increased amortization of intangible assets generated from franchise restaurant acquisitions.

Impairment and Closure Costs, Net

Impairment and closure costs, net were $1.6 million and $0.7 million in 2022 and 2021, respectively. In 2022, impairment and closure costs, net included $1.7 million related to the impairment of land, building and operating lease right-of-use assets at three restaurants, two of which have relocated and $0.6 million related to ongoing closure costs. This was partially offset by a $0.7 million gain on the sale of land and building that was previously classified as assets held for sale. In 2021, impairment and closure costs, net included the impairment of the fixed assets and operating lease right-of-use assets at two restaurants, both of which have relocated.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses, as a percentage of total revenue, decreased to 4.3% in 2022 compared to 4.5% in 2021. The decrease was primarily driven by the increase in average unit volume and lower legal settlement expense partially offset by increased managing partner conference expense of $2.5 million.

Interest Expense, Net

Interest expense was $0.1 million in 2022 compared to $3.7 million in 2021. The decrease was primarily driven by increased earnings on our cash and cash equivalents and decreased borrowings on our amended revolving credit facility.

Income Taxes

Our effective tax rate increased to 13.6% in 2022 compared to 13.5% in 2021. The increase was primarily due to lower excess tax benefits related to our share-based compensation program partially offset by an increase in the FICA tip tax credit. For 2023, we expect our effective tax rate to be approximately 14% based on forecasted operating results, excluding the impact of any legislative changes enacted.

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Segment Information

We manage our restaurant and franchising operations by concept and as a result have identified Texas Roadhouse, Bubba's 33, Jaggers and our retail initiatives as separate operating segments. Our reportable segments are Texas Roadhouse and Bubba's 33. The Texas Roadhouse reportable segment includes the results of our domestic company Texas Roadhouse restaurants and domestic and international franchise Texas Roadhouse restaurants. The Bubba's 33 reportable segment includes the results of our domestic company Bubba's 33 restaurants. Our remaining operating segments, which include the results of our domestic company Jaggers restaurants and the results of our retail initiatives, are included in Other.

Management uses restaurant margin as the measure for assessing performance of our segments. Restaurant margin (in dollars and as a percentage of restaurant and other sales) represents restaurant and other sales less restaurant-level operating costs, including food and beverage costs, labor, rent and other operating costs. Restaurant margin also includes sales and operating costs related to our non-royalty based retail initiatives. Restaurant margin is used by our chief operating decision maker ("CODM") to evaluate restaurant-level operating efficiency and performance. A reconciliation of income from operations to restaurant margin is included in the Results of Operations section above.

The following table presents a summary of restaurant margin by segment (in thousands):

	52 Weeks Ended
	December 27, 2022				December 28, 2021
Texas Roadhouse	$	600,197	16.0	%	$	552,039	16.9	%
Bubba's 33		26,934	12.7			28,862	16.6
Other		370	2.6			831	7.6
Total	$	627,501	15.7	%	$	581,732	16.9	%

In our Texas Roadhouse reportable segment, restaurant margin dollars increased $48.2 million or 8.7% in 2022. The increase was primarily due to higher sales which were partially offset by commodity and wage and other labor inflation. In addition, restaurant margin, as a percentage of restaurant and other sales, decreased to 16.0% in 2022 from 16.9% in 2021. Restaurant margin was negatively impacted by commodity and wage and other labor inflation which was partially offset by the benefit of an increase in comparable restaurant sales.

In our Bubba’s 33 reportable segment, restaurant margin dollars decreased $1.9 million or 6.7% in 2022. In addition, restaurant margin, as a percentage of restaurant and other sales, decreased to 12.7% in 2022 from 16.6% in 2021. These decreases were primarily driven by commodity and wage and other labor inflation which was partially offset by the benefit of an increase in comparable restaurant sales.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The following table presents a summary of our net cash provided by (used in) operating, investing and financing activities (in thousands):

	Fiscal Year Ended
	2022		2021
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	511,725	$	468,826
Net cash used in investing activities		(263,734)		(195,104)
Net cash used in financing activities		(409,775)		(301,232)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	$	(161,784)	$	(27,510)

Net cash provided by operating activities was $511.7 million in 2022 compared to $468.8 million in 2021. This increase was primarily due to an increase in net income, an increase in non-cash items such as depreciation and amortization and a favorable increase in working capital. The favorable increase in working capital was partially offset by the final remittance of our deferred payroll tax liability of $23.0 million related to the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act.

Our operations have not required significant working capital and, like many restaurant companies, we have been able to operate with negative working capital. Sales are primarily for cash, and restaurant operations do not require significant inventories or receivables. In addition, we receive trade credit for the purchase of food, beverages and supplies, thereby reducing the need for incremental working capital to support growth.

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Net cash used in investing activities was $263.7 million in 2022 compared to $195.1 million in 2021. The increase was due to the acquisition of eight franchise restaurants for a net purchase price of $33.1 million as well as an increase in capital expenditures, primarily driven by an increase in new company restaurant construction and refurbishments and relocations of existing restaurants.

We require capital principally for the development of new company restaurants, the refurbishment or relocation of existing restaurants and the acquisition of franchise restaurants, if any. We either lease our restaurant site locations under operating leases for periods generally of five to 30 years (including renewal periods) or purchase the land when appropriate. As of December 27, 2022, 150 of the 597 company restaurants have been developed on land which we own.

The following table presents a summary of capital expenditures (in thousands):

	2022		2021
New company restaurants	$	139,210	$	123,044
Refurbishment or expansion of existing restaurants		84,414		64,146
Relocation of existing restaurants		18,478		8,374
Capital expenditures related to Support Center office		4,019		5,128
Total capital expenditures	$	246,121	$	200,692

Our future capital requirements will primarily depend on the number and mix of new restaurants we open, the timing of those openings and the restaurant prototype developed in a given fiscal year. These requirements will include costs directly related to new restaurant construction costs or relocating existing restaurants and may also include costs necessary to ensure that our infrastructure is able to support a larger restaurant base. In 2023, we expect our capital expenditures to be approximately $265 million as we currently plan to open approximately 25 to 30 Texas Roadhouse and Bubba’s 33 company restaurants. We also expect to have as many as four relocations in 2023. In addition, on the first day of our 2023 fiscal year, we completed the acquisition of eight domestic franchise restaurants for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $39.0 million. We intend to satisfy our capital requirements over the next 12 months with cash on hand, net cash provided by operating activities, and if needed, funds available under our amended credit facility.

Net cash used in financing activities was $409.8 million in 2022 compared to $301.2 million in 2021. The increase is primarily due to the significant increases in share repurchases and our dividend payment. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in repayments made on our amended revolving credit facility.

On March 17, 2022, the Board approved a stock repurchase program under which we may repurchase up to $300.0 million of our common stock. This stock repurchase program has no expiration date and replaced a previous stock repurchase program which was approved on May 31, 2019. All repurchases to date under our stock repurchase programs have been made through open market transactions. The timing and amount of any repurchases will be determined by management under parameters established by the Board, based on an evaluation of our stock price, market conditions and other corporate considerations.

In 2022, we paid $212.9 million to repurchase 2,734,005 shares of our common stock. This includes $133.1 million repurchased under our current authorized stock repurchase program and $79.7 million repurchased under our prior authorization. In 2021, we paid $51.6 million to repurchase 584,932 shares of our common stock. As of December 27, 2022, $166.9 million remained under our authorized stock repurchase program.

On February 17, 2022, our Board authorized the payment of a quarterly dividend of $0.46 per share of common stock. The payment of dividends totaled $124.1 million and $83.7 million in 2022 and 2021, respectively. On February 14, 2023, our Board declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.55 per share of common stock.

We paid distributions of $7.8 million and $8.2 million in 2022 and 2021, respectively, to equity holders of our majority-owned company restaurants.

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On May 4, 2021, we entered into an agreement to amend our revolving credit facility with a syndicate of commercial lenders led by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and PNC Bank, N.A. The amended revolving credit facility remains an unsecured, revolving credit agreement and has a borrowing capacity of up to $300.0 million with the option to increase by an additional $200.0 million subject to certain limitations, including approval by the syndicate of lenders. The amendment also extended the maturity date to May 1, 2026.

The terms of the amendment require us to pay interest on outstanding borrowings at the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") plus a margin of 0.875% to 1.875% and pay a commitment fee of 0.125% to 0.30% per year on any unused portion of the amended revolving credit facility, in each case depending on our leverage ratio. The agreement also provides an Alternate Base Rate that may be substituted for LIBOR.

As of December 27, 2022, we had $50.0 million outstanding on the amended revolving credit facility and $233.5 million of availability, net of $16.5 million of outstanding letters of credit. As of December 28, 2021, we had $100.0 million outstanding on the amended revolving credit facility and $189.1 million of availability, net of $10.9 million of outstanding letters of credit. These outstanding amounts are included as long-term debt on our consolidated balance sheets.

The interest rate for the $50.0 million outstanding as of December 27, 2022 was 5.21%. The interest rate for the $100.0 million outstanding as of December 28, 2021 was 0.98%.

The lenders’ obligation to extend credit pursuant to the amended revolving credit facility depends on us maintaining certain financial covenants. We were in compliance with all financial covenants as of December 27, 2022 and December 28, 2021.

Contractual Obligations

The following table summarizes the amount of payments due under specified contractual obligations as of December 27, 2022 (in thousands):

	Payments Due by Period
			Less than						More than
	Total		1 year		1 - 3 Years		3 - 5 Years		5 years
Long-term debt obligation, including current maturities	$	50,000	$	—		—	$	50,000	$	—
Obligations under finance leases		2,750		—		—		—		2,750
Interest(1)		13,208		2,919		5,840		1,484		2,965
Real estate operating lease obligations		1,191,064		66,675		132,401		130,574		861,414
Capital obligations		205,663		205,663		—		—		—
Total contractual obligations(2)	$	1,462,685	$	275,257	$	138,241	$	182,058	$	867,129

(1) Includes interest on our revolving credit facility and interest on our financing leases. We used the interest rate on our amended revolving credit facility as of December 27, 2022 for our variable rate debt and assumed $50.0 million remains outstanding on our amended revolving credit facility through the respective maturity for all borrowings. We assumed a constant interest rate until maturity on our financing leases.

(2) Unrecognized tax benefits under Accounting Standards Codification 740, Income Taxes, are not significant and excluded from this amount.

We have no material minimum purchase commitments with our vendors that extend beyond a year. Refer to Notes 5, 8 and 13 to the consolidated financial statements for details of contractual obligations.

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Guarantees

As of December 27, 2022 and December 28, 2021, we were contingently liable for $11.3 million and $12.2 million, respectively, for seven lease guarantees. These amounts represent the maximum potential liability of future payments under the guarantees. In the event of default, the indemnity and default clauses in our assignment agreements govern our ability to pursue and recover damages incurred. No liabilities have been recorded as of December 27, 2022 as the likelihood of default was deemed to be less than probable and the fair value of the guarantees is not considered significant.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The above discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Critical accounting policies are those that we believe are most important to portraying our financial condition and results of operations and also require the greatest amount of subjective or complex judgments by management. Judgments or uncertainties regarding the application of these policies may result in significantly different amounts being reported under different conditions or using different assumptions. We consider the following policies to be the most critical in understanding the judgments that are involved in preparing the consolidated financial statements.

Impairment of Long-lived Assets. We evaluate long-lived assets related to each restaurant to be held and used in the business, such as property and equipment, operating lease right-of-use assets and intangible assets subject to amortization, for impairment whenever events and circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of a restaurant may not be recoverable. For the purposes of this evaluation, we define the asset group at the individual restaurant level. When we evaluate the restaurants, cash flows are the primary indicator of impairment. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by comparison of the carrying amount of the restaurant to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the restaurant. Under our policies, trailing 12-month cash flow results under a predetermined amount at the individual restaurant level signals a potential impairment. In our evaluation of restaurants that do not meet the cash flow threshold, we estimate future undiscounted cash flows from operating the restaurant over its estimated useful life, which is usually a period of 25 years. In the estimation of future cash flows, we consider the period of time the restaurant has been open, the trend of operations over such period and future periods and expectations for future sales growth. We limit assumptions about important factors such as trend of future operations and sales growth to those that are supportable based upon our plans for the restaurant and actual results at comparable restaurants. Both qualitative and quantitative information are considered when evaluating for potential impairments. As we assess the ongoing expected cash flows and carrying amounts of our long-lived assets, these factors could cause us to realize a material impairment charge.

If assets are determined to be impaired, we measure the impairment charge by calculating the amount by which the asset carrying amount exceeds its estimated fair value. The determination of asset fair value is also subject to significant judgment. We generally measure estimated fair value by discounting estimated future cash flows. When fair value is measured by discounting estimated future cash flows, the assumptions used are consistent with what we believe hypothetical market participants would use. We also use a discount rate that is commensurate with the risk inherent in the projected cash flows. If these assumptions change in the future, we may be required to record impairment charges for these assets.

In 2022, we recorded impairment and closure costs, net of $1.6 million. This included $1.7 million related to the impairment of land, building and operating lease right-of-use assets at three restaurants, two of which have relocated and $0.6 million related to ongoing closure costs. This was partially offset by a gain of $0.7 million associated with the sale of land and building that was previously classified as assets held for sale. Refer to Note 17 in the consolidated financial statements for further discussion regarding closures and impairments recorded in 2022, 2021 and 2020.

Goodwill. Goodwill is tested annually for impairment and is tested more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. An impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit. Goodwill is required to be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level, or the level of internal reporting that reflects the way in which an entity manages its businesses. A reporting unit is defined as an operating segment, or one level below an operating segment. An entity may first assess qualitative factors

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in order to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. The entity may also elect to bypass the qualitative assessment and determine the fair value of the reporting unit and compare it to its carrying amount. The fair value of the reporting unit may be based on several valuation approaches including capitalization of earnings, discounted cash flows, comparable public company market multiples and comparable acquisition market multiples. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized for any excess of the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill over the fair value of the reporting unit.

At December 27, 2022, our Texas Roadhouse reporting unit had allocated goodwill of $148.7 million. No other reporting units had goodwill balances. In 2021, due to a change in our management reporting structure, we changed the designation of our operating segment and reporting unit to be at the concept level from the restaurant level. As a result of this change, in 2021, we performed the goodwill impairment analysis at both the individual restaurant and concept level to substantiate that our goodwill was not impaired under either reporting unit definition.  In 2022, we performed the goodwill impairment analysis at the concept level.

In performing the qualitative assessment, we reviewed factors such as macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors, changes in management or key personnel, sustained decreases in share price and the overall financial performance of the Company’s reporting units at the concept level. As a result of the qualitative assessment, no indicators of impairment were identified, and no additional indicators of impairment were identified through the end of the fourth quarter that would require additional testing. Changes in circumstances existing at the measurement date or at other times in the future could result in an impairment loss. Refer to Note 17 in the consolidated financial statements for further discussion regarding closures and impairments recorded, if any.

Effects of Inflation

We are currently operating in a period of high inflation, led primarily by commodity cost and wage and other labor inflation. Commodity cost inflation is due to increased costs incurred by our vendors related to increased labor, transportation, packaging, and raw materials costs. Wage and other labor inflation is driven by higher wage and benefit expense due to by labor market pressures along with increases in state-mandated minimum and tipped wage rates and increased investment in our people. Some of the impacts of inflation have been offset by menu price increases and other adjustments made during the year. Whether we are able and/or choose to continue to offset the effects of inflation will determine to what extent, if any, inflation affects our restaurant profitability in future periods.

ITEM 7A—QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We are exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates on variable rate debt and changes in commodity prices. Our exposure to interest rate fluctuations is limited to our outstanding bank debt. The terms of the amended revolving credit facility require us to pay interest on outstanding borrowings at London Interbank Offering Rate ("LIBOR") plus a margin of 0.875% to 1.875% and pay a commitment fee of 0.125% to 0.30% per year on any unused portion of the amended revolving credit facility, in each case depending on our leverage ratio. The amended revolving credit facility also provides an Alternate Base Rate that may be substituted for LIBOR. As of December 27, 2022, we had $50.0 million outstanding on our amended credit agreement. This outstanding amount is included as long-term debt on our consolidated balance sheets.

The interest rate for the $50.0 million outstanding on our amended revolving credit facility as of December 27, 2022 was 5.21%. Should interest rates based on these variable rate borrowings increase by one percentage point, our estimated annual interest expense would increase by $0.5 million.

In an effort to secure high quality, low-cost ingredients used in the products sold in our restaurants, we employ various purchasing and pricing contract techniques. When purchasing certain types of commodities, we may be subject to prevailing market conditions resulting in unpredictable price volatility. For certain commodities, we may also enter into contracts for terms of one year or less that are either fixed price agreements or fixed volume agreements where the price is negotiated with reference to fluctuating market prices. We currently do not use financial instruments to hedge commodity prices, but we will continue to evaluate their effectiveness. Extreme and/or long-term increases in commodity prices could adversely affect our future results, especially if we are unable, primarily due to competitive reasons, to increase menu prices. Additionally, if there is a time lag between the increasing commodity prices and our ability to increase menu prices or if we believe the commodity price increase to be short in duration and we choose not to pass on the cost increases, our short-term financial results could be negatively affected.

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We are subject to business risk as our beef supply is highly dependent upon four vendors. To date, we have been able to properly manage any supply shortages but have experienced increased costs. If these vendors are unable to fulfill their obligations under their contracts, we may encounter further supply shortages and/or higher costs to secure adequate supply and a possible loss of sales, any of which would harm our business.

ITEM 8—FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY FINANCIAL DATA

See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements at Item 15.

ITEM 9—CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

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ITEM 9A—CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures

We have evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to, and as defined in, Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on the evaluation, performed under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the Chief Executive Officer (the "CEO") and the Chief Financial Officer (the "CFO"), our management, including the CEO and CFO, concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 27, 2022.

Changes in internal control

There were no significant changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended December 27, 2022 that materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, our management is required to assess the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of the end of each fiscal year and report, based on that assessment, whether the Company’s internal control over financial reporting is effective.

Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. As defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f), internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Therefore, internal control over financial reporting determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and may not prevent or detect all misstatements.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our CEO and CFO, we assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of the end of the period covered by this report. In this assessment, the Company applied criteria based on the "Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013)" issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. These criteria are in the areas of control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication, and monitoring. The Company’s assessment included documenting, evaluating and testing the design and operating effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting. Based upon this evaluation, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 27, 2022.

KPMG LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited our Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K, has also audited the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 27, 2022 as stated in their report at F-3.

ITEM 9B—OTHER INFORMATION

None.

ITEM 9C—DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

None.

PART III

ITEM 10—DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Information regarding our directors is incorporated herein by reference to the information set forth under "Election of Directors" in our Definitive Proxy Statement to be dated on or about March 31, 2023.

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Information regarding our executive officers has been included in Part I of this Annual Report under the caption "Executive Officers of the Company."

Information regarding our corporate governance is incorporated herein by reference to the information set forth in our Definitive Proxy Statement to be dated on or about March 31, 2023.

ITEM 11—EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Incorporated by reference from our Definitive Proxy Statement to be dated on or about March 31, 2023.

ITEM 12—SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

Incorporated by reference from our Definitive Proxy Statement to be dated on or about March 31, 2023.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

As of December 27, 2022, shares of common stock authorized for issuance under our equity compensation plans are summarized in the following table. Refer to Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of the plans.

	Shares to Be	Shares
	Issued Upon	Available for
Plan Category	Vest Date (1)	Future Grants
Plans approved by stockholders	524,439	6,598,721
Plans not approved by stockholders	—	—
Total	524,439	6,598,721

(1) Total number of shares consist of 494,839 restricted stock units and 29,600 performance stock units. Shares in this column are excluded from the Shares Available for Future Grants column. No stock options were outstanding as of December 27, 2022.

ITEM 13—CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

Incorporated by reference from our Definitive Proxy Statement to be dated on or about March 31, 2023.

ITEM 14—PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

Incorporated by reference from our Definitive Proxy Statement to be dated on or about March 31, 2023.

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PART IV

ITEM 15—EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

1. Consolidated Financial Statements

Description	Page Number in Report
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 185)	F-1
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 27, 2022 and December 28, 2021	F-5
Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 27, 2022, December 28, 2021 and December 29, 2020	F-6
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 27, 2022, December 28, 2021 and December 29, 2020	F-7
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 27, 2022, December 28, 2021 and December 29, 2020	F-8
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	F-9

2. Financial Statement Schedules

Omitted due to inapplicability or because required information is shown in our Consolidated Financial Statements or Notes thereto.

3. Exhibits

Exhibit No.	Description
3.1	Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 28, 2016) (File No. 000- 50972)
3.2	Bylaws of Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 of Registrant (File No. 333-115259))
4.1	Description of Securities (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 (File No. 000-50972))
10.1*	Form of Indemnification Agreement for Director and Executive Officer
10.2	Form of Limited Partnership Agreement and Operating Agreement for certain company-managed Texas Roadhouse restaurants, including schedule of the owners of such restaurants and the aggregate interests held by directors, executive officers and 5% stockholders who are parties to such an agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 of Registrant (File No. 333-115259))
10.3	Form of Franchise Agreement and Preliminary Agreement for a Texas Roadhouse restaurant franchise, including schedule of directors, executive officers and 5% stockholders which have entered into either agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 of Registrant (File No. 333-115259))
10.4	Schedule of the owners of company-managed Texas Roadhouse restaurants and the aggregate interests held by directors, executive officers and 5% stockholders who are parties to Limited Partnership Agreements and Operating Agreements as of December 27, 2022 the form of which is set forth in Exhibit 10.2 of this Form 10-K
10.5	Schedule of the directors, executive officers and 5% stockholders which have entered into Franchise Agreements or Preliminary Agreements for a Texas Roadhouse Franchise as of December 27, 2022 the form of which is set forth in Exhibit 10.3 of this Form 10-K
10.6*	Texas Roadhouse, Inc. 2013 Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference from Appendix A to the Texas Roadhouse, Inc. Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 5, 2013 (File No. 000-50972))
10.7*	Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award under the Texas Roadhouse, Inc. 2013 Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 25, 2013 (File No. 000-50972))

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Exhibit No.	Description
10.8*	Texas Roadhouse, Inc. Cash Bonus Plan for cash incentive awards granted pursuant to the Texas Roadhouse, Inc. 2013 Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 25, 2013 (File No. 000-50972))
10.9*	Form of Performance Stock Unit Award Agreement under the Texas Roadhouse, Inc. 2013 Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.36 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 29, 2015 (File No. 000-50972))
10.10*	Amended and Restated Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the Texas Roadhouse, Inc. 2013 Long-Term Incentive Plan for officers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.40 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 30, 2014 (File No. 000-50972))
10.11*	Amended and Restated Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the Texas Roadhouse, Inc. 2013 Long-Term Incentive Plan for non-officers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.41 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 30, 2014 (File No. 000-50972))
10.12*	Second Amended and Restated Deferred Compensation Plan of Texas Roadhouse Management Corp., as amended December 19, 2007 and December 31, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.42 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 30, 2014 (File No. 000-50972))
10.13*	Third Amended and Restated Deferred Compensation Plan of Texas Roadhouse Management Corp., effective January 1, 2010 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.43 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 30, 2014 (File No. 000-50972))
10.14*	Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement under Texas Roadhouse, Inc. 2013 Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.47 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 29, 2015 (File No. 000-50972))
10.15	Master Lease Agreement dated October 26, 2018 between Paragon Centre Holdings, LLC and Texas Roadhouse Holdings LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 25, 2018 (File No. 000-50972))
10.16	Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of August 7, 2017, by and among Texas Roadhouse Inc., and the lenders named therein and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 7, 2017 (File No. 000-50972))
10.17	Assignment and Assumption Agreement between Texas Roadhouse Holdings LLC and Texas Roadhouse, Inc. dated October 26, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 (File No. 000-50972))
10.18	First Amendment to Paragon Centre Master Lease Agreement between Paragon Centre Holdings, LLC and Texas Roadhouse, Inc. dated December 13, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 (File No. 000-50972))
10.19	First Amendment to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of May 11, 2020, by and among Texas Roadhouse, Inc., and the lenders named therein and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on 8-K dated May 11, 2020 (File No. 000-50972))
10.20*	Employment Agreement between Registrant and Gerald L. Morgan entered into as of December 17, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.33 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 29, 2020 (File No. 000-50972))
10.21*	Employment Agreement between Registrant and S. Chris Jacobsen entered into as of December 30, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.36 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 29, 2020 (File No. 000-50972))
10.22*	Employment Agreement between Registrant and Tonya Robinson entered into as of December 30, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.37 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 29, 2020 (File No. 000-50972))
10.23*	Employment Agreement between Registrant and Christopher C. Colson entered into as of March 31, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 of the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 30, 2021 (File No. 000- 50972))

54

Exhibit No.	Description
10.24*	First Amendment to Employment Agreement between Texas Roadhouse Management Corp. and Gerald L. Morgan dated March 31, 2021, with a retroactive effective date of March 18, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 31, 2021 (File No. 000-50972))
10.25*	Employment Agreement between Registrant and Regina A. Tobin entered into as of June 15, 2021 with an effective date of June 30, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 29, 2021 (File No. 000- 50972))
10.26*	Employment Agreement between Registrant and Hernan E. Mujica entered into as of June 15, 2021 with an effective date of June 30, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 29, 2021 (File No. 000- 50972))
10.27	Second Amendment to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of May 4, 2021 by and among Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and the lenders named therein and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 4, 2021 (File No. 000-50972)
10.28*	Texas Roadhouse, Inc. 2021 Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference from Appendix A to the Texas Roadhouse, Inc. Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 2, 2021 (File No. 000-50972))
10.29*	Form of Texas Roadhouse, Inc. 2021 Long-Term Incentive Plan Performance Stock Unit Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 15, 2021 (File No. 000-50972))
10.30*	Form of Texas Roadhouse, Inc. 2021 Long-Term Incentive Plan Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (Officers) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 15, 2021 (File No. 000-50972))
10.31*	Form of Texas Roadhouse, Inc. 2021 Long-Term Incentive Plan Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (Member of Board of Directors) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 15, 2021 (File No. 000-50972))
10.32*	Second Amendment to Employment Agreement between Texas Roadhouse Management Corp. and Gerald L. Morgan dated January 9, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 6, 2023 (File No. 000-50972))
10.33*	First Amendment to Employment Agreement between Texas Roadhouse Management Corp. and Regina A. Tobin dated January 9, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 6, 2023 (File No. 000-50972))
10.34*	First Amendment to Employment Agreement between Texas Roadhouse Management Corp. and Hernan E. Mujica dated January 9, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 6, 2023 (File No. 000-50972))
10.35*	First Amendment to Employment Agreement between Texas Roadhouse Management Corp. and Christopher C. Colson dated January 9, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 6, 2023 (File No. 000-50972))
10.36*	Separation Agreement and Release of Claims dated January 5, 2023 by and between Tonya R. Robinson and Texas Roadhouse Management Corp. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 4, 2023 (File No. 000-50972))
21.1	List of Subsidiaries
23.1	Consent of KPMG LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

55

Exhibit No.	Description
101	The following financial statements from the Texas Roadhouse, Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 27, 2022, filed February 24, 2023, formatted in inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language (iXBRL): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (v) the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
104	Cover page, formatted in iXBRL and contained in Exhibit 101.

* Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement required to be filed as an exhibit to Form 10-K.

56

ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY

Not applicable.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

TEXAS ROADHOUSE, INC.
By:	/s/ Gerald L. Morgan
	Chief Executive Officer, Director
Date: February 24, 2023

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, this Annual Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature	Title	Date
/s/ Gerald L. Morgan W. Gerald L. Morgan	Chief Executive Officer, Director (Principal Executive Officer)	February 24, 2023
/s/ Keith V. Humpich Keith V. Humpich	Interim Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) (Principal Accounting Officer)	February 24, 2023
/s/ Gregory N. Moore	Chairman of the Board, Director	February 24, 2023
Gregory N. Moore
/s/ Michael A. Crawford Michael A. Crawford	Director	February 24, 2023
/s/ Donna E. Epps	Director	February 24, 2023
Donna E. Epps
/s/ Curtis A. Warfield	Director	February 24, 2023
Curtis A. Warfield
/s/ Kathleen M. Widmer Kathleen M. Widmer	Director	February 24, 2023
/s/ James R. Zarley James R. Zarley	Director	February 24, 2023

57

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
Texas Roadhouse, Inc.:

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 27, 2022 and December 28, 2021, the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 27, 2022, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 27, 2022 and December 28, 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 27, 2022, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 27, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated February 24, 2023 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Potential indicators of impairment of long-lived assets

As discussed in Notes 2 and 17 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company assesses long-lived assets, primarily related to restaurants held and used in the business, including property and equipment and right-of-use assets, for potential impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of a restaurant, or asset group, may not be recoverable. Trailing 12-month cash flows under predetermined amounts at the individual restaurant level are the Company’s primary indicator that the carrying amount of a restaurant may not be recoverable. Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation, and the operating lease right-of-use asset, net as of December 27, 2022 were $1,270.3 million and $630.3 million, respectively.

F-1

We identified the assessment of the Company’s determination of potential indicators of impairment of long-lived assets as a critical audit matter. Subjective auditor judgement was required to evaluate the events or circumstances indicating the carrying amount of an asset group may not be recoverable, including the determination of the cash flow thresholds and the utilization of the trailing 12-month cash flows to identify a potential impairment trigger.

The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of certain internal controls over the Company’s long-lived asset impairment process, including controls relating to determination and identification of potential indicators of impairment. We evaluated the Company’s methodology of using trailing 12-month cash flow results under predetermined thresholds at the individual restaurant level as a potential indicator of impairment. Specifically, we evaluated the Company’s assessment of the factors considered, including the cash flows at the individual restaurant level and the cash flow thresholds used in the Company’s analysis. We tested that those restaurants with trailing 12-month cash flows were evaluated for potential impairment triggers and we compared the trailing 12-month cash flows to historical financial data. We also assessed other events and circumstances that could have been indicative of a potential impairment trigger by reviewing management’s development reports and related meeting minutes and the board of directors meeting minutes.

/s/ KPMG LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1998.

Louisville, Kentucky
February 24, 2023

F-2

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
Texas Roadhouse, Inc.:

Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

We have audited Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and subsidiaries’ (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 27, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 27, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 27, 2022 and December 28, 2021, the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 27, 2022, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements), and our report dated February 24, 2023 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become

F-3

inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ KPMG LLP

Louisville, Kentucky
February 24, 2023

F-4

Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

	December 27, 2022		December 28, 2021
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	173,861	$	335,645
Receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $50 at December 27, 2022 and $17 at December 28, 2021		150,264		161,358
Inventories, net		38,015		31,595
Prepaid income taxes		5,097		10,701
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		29,604		24,226
Total current assets		396,841		563,525
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $968,036 at December 27, 2022 and $869,375 at December 28, 2021		1,270,349		1,162,441
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net		630,258		578,413
Goodwill		148,732		127,001
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $17,905 at December 27, 2022 and $15,092 at December 28, 2021		5,607		1,520
Other assets		73,878		79,052
Total assets	$	2,525,665	$	2,511,952
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	$	25,490	$	21,952
Accounts payable		105,560		95,234
Deferred revenue-gift cards		335,403		300,657
Accrued wages and payroll taxes		54,544		64,716
Income taxes payable		434		85
Accrued taxes and licenses		35,264		33,375
Other accrued liabilities		95,315		86,125
Total current liabilities		652,010		602,144
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion		677,874		622,892
Long-term debt		50,000		100,000
Restricted stock and other deposits		7,979		8,027
Deferred tax liabilities, net		20,979		11,734
Other liabilities		89,161		93,671
Total liabilities		1,498,003		1,438,468
Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and subsidiaries stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock ($0.001 par value, 1,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued or outstanding)		—		—
Common stock ($0.001 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 66,973,311 and 69,382,418 shares issued and outstanding at December 27, 2022 and December 28, 2021, respectively)		67		69
Additional paid-in-capital		13,139		114,504
Retained earnings		999,432		943,551
Total Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and subsidiaries stockholders’ equity		1,012,638		1,058,124
Noncontrolling interests		15,024		15,360
Total equity		1,027,662		1,073,484
Total liabilities and equity	$	2,525,665	$	2,511,952

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

F-5

Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income

(in thousands, except per share data)

	Fiscal Year Ended
	December 27,		December 28,		December 29,
	2022		2021		2020
Revenue:
Restaurant and other sales	$	3,988,791	$	3,439,176	$	2,380,177
Franchise royalties and fees		26,128		24,770		17,946
Total revenue		4,014,919		3,463,946		2,398,123
Costs and expenses:
Restaurant operating costs (excluding depreciation and amortization shown separately below):
Food and beverage		1,378,192		1,156,628		780,646
Labor		1,319,959		1,123,003		875,764
Rent		66,834		60,005		54,401
Other operating		596,305		517,808		403,726
Pre-opening		21,883		24,335		20,099
Depreciation and amortization		137,237		126,761		117,877
Impairment and closure, net		1,600		734		2,263
General and administrative		172,712		157,480		119,503
Total costs and expenses		3,694,722		3,166,754		2,374,279
Income from operations		320,197		297,192		23,844
Interest expense, net		124		3,663		4,091
Equity income (loss) from investments in unconsolidated affiliates		1,239		(637)		(500)
Income before taxes		321,312		292,892		19,253
Income tax expense (benefit)		43,715		39,578		(15,672)
Net income including noncontrolling interests		277,597		253,314		34,925
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		7,779		8,020		3,670
Net income attributable to Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and subsidiaries	$	269,818	$	245,294	$	31,255
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax of $—, ($36) and ($40), respectively		—		106		119
Total comprehensive income	$	269,818	$	245,400	$	31,374
Net income per common share attributable to Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and subsidiaries:
Basic	$	3.99	$	3.52	$	0.45
Diluted	$	3.97	$	3.50	$	0.45
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic		67,643		69,709		69,438
Diluted		67,920		70,098		69,893
Cash dividends declared per share	$	1.84	$	1.20	$	0.36

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

F-6

Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(tabular amounts in thousands, except share data)

								Accumulated		Total Texas
				Additional				Other		Roadhouse, Inc.
		Par		Paid-in-		Retained		Comprehensive		and		Noncontrolling
	Shares	Value		Capital		Earnings		Loss		Subsidiaries		Interests		Total
Balance, December 31, 2019	69,400,252	$	69	$	140,501	$	775,649	$	(225)	$	915,994	$	15,175	$	931,169
Net income	—		—		—		31,255		—		31,255		3,670		34,925
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	—		—		—		—		119		119		—		119
Noncontrolling interest contribution	—		—		—		—		—		—		133		133
Distributions to noncontrolling interest holders	—		—		—		—		—		—		(3,432)		(3,432)
Dividends declared ($0.36 per share)	—		—		—		(24,989)		—		(24,989)		—		(24,989)
Shares issued under share-based compensation plans including tax effects	615,181		1		(1)		—		—		—		—		—
Indirect repurchase of shares for minimum tax withholdings	(201,163)		—		(11,684)		—		—		(11,684)		—		(11,684)
Repurchase of shares of common stock	(252,409)		—		(12,621)		—		—		(12,621)		—		(12,621)
Share-based compensation	—		—		29,431		—		—		29,431		—		29,431
Balance, December 29, 2020	69,561,861	$	70	$	145,626	$	781,915	$	(106)	$	927,505	$	15,546	$	943,051
Net income	—		—		—		245,294		—		245,294		8,020		253,314
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	—		—		—		—		106		106		—		106
Distributions to noncontrolling interest holders	—		—		—		—		—		—		(8,206)		(8,206)
Dividends declared ($1.20 per share)	—		—		—		(83,658)		—		(83,658)		—		(83,658)
Shares issued under share-based compensation plans including tax effects	595,534		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Indirect repurchase of shares for minimum tax withholdings	(190,045)		—		(17,628)		—		—		(17,628)		—		(17,628)
Repurchase of shares of common stock	(584,932)		(1)		(51,633)		—		—		(51,634)		—		(51,634)
Share-based compensation	—		—		38,139		—		—		38,139		—		38,139
Balance, December 28, 2021	69,382,418	$	69	$	114,504	$	943,551	$	—	$	1,058,124	$	15,360	$	1,073,484
Net income	—		—		—		269,818		—		269,818		7,779		277,597
Distributions to noncontrolling interest holders	—		—		—		—		—		—		(7,775)		(7,775)
Acquisition of noncontrolling interest	—		—		(1,395)		—		—		(1,395)		(340)		(1,735)
Dividends declared ($1.84 per share)	—		—		—		(124,137)		—		(124,137)		—		(124,137)
Shares issued under share-based compensation plans including tax effects	474,771		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Indirect repurchase of shares for minimum tax withholdings	(149,873)		—		(13,576)		—		—		(13,576)		—		(13,576)
Repurchase of shares of common stock	(2,734,005)		(2)		(123,057)		(89,800)		—		(212,859)		—		(212,859)
Share-based compensation	—		—		36,663		—		—		36,663		—		36,663
Balance, December 27, 2022	66,973,311	$	67	$	13,139	$	999,432	$	—	$	1,012,638	$	15,024	$	1,027,662

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

F-7

Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

	Fiscal Year Ended
	December 27,		December 28,		December 29,
	2022		2021		2020
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income including noncontrolling interests	$	277,597	$	253,314	$	34,925
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		137,237		126,761		117,877
Deferred income taxes		9,456		8,896		(19,932)
Loss on disposition of assets		5,206		3,167		3,144
Impairment and closure costs		1,770		673		2,290
Equity (income) loss from investments in unconsolidated affiliates		(1,239)		637		500
Distributions of income received from investments in unconsolidated affiliates		1,022		1,071		329
Provision for doubtful accounts		33		7		(1)
Share-based compensation expense		36,663		38,139		29,431
Changes in operating working capital:
Receivables		11,062		(62,399)		1,058
Inventories		(6,099)		(9,231)		(2,017)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(6,540)		(2,485)		(2,133)
Other assets		5,775		(13,918)		(12,698)
Accounts payable		5,408		27,730		490
Deferred revenue—gift cards		33,799		67,845		23,458
Accrued wages and payroll taxes		(10,172)		12,734		12,283
Prepaid income taxes and income taxes payable		5,953		(8,973)		372
Accrued taxes and licenses		1,889		8,624		(5,700)
Other accrued liabilities		2,147		20,352		4,099
Operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities		5,268		5,553		4,635
Other liabilities		(4,510)		(9,671)		38,028
Net cash provided by operating activities		511,725		468,826		230,438
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures—property and equipment		(246,121)		(200,692)		(154,401)
Acquisition of franchise restaurants, net of cash acquired		(33,069)		—		(10,580)
Proceeds from sale of investment in unconsolidated affiliate		316		—		—
Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment		2,269		—		1,709
Proceeds from sale leaseback transactions		12,871		5,588		2,167
Net cash used in investing activities		(263,734)		(195,104)		(161,105)
Cash flows from financing activities:
(Payments on) proceeds from revolving credit facility, net		(50,000)		(140,000)		240,000
Debt issuance costs		—		(708)		(641)
Proceeds from noncontrolling interest contribution		—		—		133
Distributions to noncontrolling interest holders		(7,775)		(8,206)		(3,432)
Acquisition of noncontrolling interest		(1,735)		—		—
Proceeds from (payments on) restricted stock and other deposits, net		307		602		(823)
Indirect repurchase of shares for minimum tax withholdings		(13,576)		(17,628)		(11,684)
Repurchase of shares of common stock		(212,859)		(51,634)		(12,621)
Dividends paid to shareholders		(124,137)		(83,658)		(24,989)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities		(409,775)		(301,232)		185,943
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents		(161,784)		(27,510)		255,276
Cash and cash equivalents—beginning of period		335,645		363,155		107,879
Cash and cash equivalents—end of period	$	173,861	$	335,645	$	363,155
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Interest paid, net of amounts capitalized	$	1,547	$	3,186	$	3,890
Income taxes paid	$	25,910	$	39,789	$	3,776
Capital expenditures included in current liabilities	$	34,689	$	23,087	$	14,808

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

F-8

Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

(1) Description of Business

Texas Roadhouse, Inc. (collectively, the "Company," "we," "our" and/or "us"), is a growing restaurant company operating predominately in the casual dining segment. Our late founder, W. Kent Taylor, started the business in 1993 with the opening of the first Texas Roadhouse restaurant in Clarksville, Indiana.

As of December 27, 2022, we owned and operated 597 restaurants and franchised an additional 100 restaurants in 49 states and ten foreign countries. Of the 597 company restaurants that were operating at December 27, 2022, 577 were wholly-owned and 20 were majority-owned and we operated 552 as Texas Roadhouse restaurants, 40 as Bubba’s 33 restaurants and five as Jaggers restaurants. Of the 100 franchise restaurants, 62 were domestic and 38 were international restaurants, all of which were operated as Texas Roadhouse restaurants.

As of December 28, 2021, we owned and operated 566 restaurants and franchised an additional 101 restaurants in 49 states and ten foreign countries. Of the 566 company restaurants that were operating at December 28, 2021, 546 were wholly-owned and 20 were majority-owned and we operated 526 as Texas Roadhouse restaurants, 36 as Bubba’s 33 restaurants and four as Jaggers restaurants. Of the 101 franchise restaurants, 70 were domestic and 31 were international restaurants, all of which were operated as Texas Roadhouse restaurants.

Risks and Uncertainties

The Company has been subject to risks and uncertainties as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic (the "pandemic"). These include federal, state and local restrictions on restaurants, some of which limited capacity or seating in dining rooms while others allowed to-go or curbside service only. In 2022, all of our domestic company and franchise restaurants operated without restriction. In 2021 and 2020, all of our domestic company and franchise restaurants operated under various forms of capacity restrictions, which included outdoor and/or to-go or curbside service only.

(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

(a) Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements present the financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the Company and its majority-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

As of December 27, 2022 and December 28, 2021, we had majority ownership in 20 restaurants. The portion of income attributable to noncontrolling interests in these restaurants is reflected in the line item entitled "Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests" in our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

As of December 27, 2022 and December 28, 2021, we owned a 5.0% to 10.0% equity interest in 23 and 24 restaurants, respectively. Additionally, as of December 28, 2021, we owned a 40% interest in four non-Texas Roadhouse restaurants in China that was fully impaired in 2021. The unconsolidated restaurants are accounted for using the equity method. Our investments in these unconsolidated affiliates are included in other assets in our consolidated balance sheets, and we record our percentage share of net income earned by these unconsolidated affiliates in our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income under equity income (loss) from investments in unconsolidated affiliates.

(b) Fiscal Year

We utilize a 52 or 53 week accounting period that typically ends on the last Tuesday in December. We utilize a 13 week accounting period for quarterly reporting purposes, except in years containing 53 weeks when the fourth quarter contains 14 weeks. Fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020 were 52 weeks in length.

F-9

Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

(c) Use of Estimates

We have made a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reporting of revenue and expenses during the period to prepare these consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the carrying amount of property and equipment, goodwill, obligations related to insurance reserves, leases and leasehold improvements, legal reserves, gift card breakage and third-party fees and income taxes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

(d) Segment Reporting

Operating segments are defined as components of a company that engage in business activities from which it may earn revenue and incur expenses, and for which separate financial information is available and is regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), to assess the performance of the individual segments and make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segments. The Company’s operating segments have been identified in accordance with the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") ASC 280, Segment Reporting.

We have identified Texas Roadhouse, Bubba’s 33, Jaggers and our retail initiatives as separate operating segments. In addition, we have identified Texas Roadhouse and Bubba’s 33 as reportable segments. For further discussion of segment reporting, refer to Note 19.

(e) Cash and Cash Equivalents

We consider all highly liquid debt instruments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents also include receivables from credit card companies as these balances are highly liquid in nature and are settled within two to three business days. These amounted to $22.0 million and $26.4 million at December 27, 2022 and December 28, 2021, respectively.

(f) Receivables

Receivables consist principally of amounts due from retail gift card providers, certain franchise restaurants for reimbursement of labor costs, pre-opening and other expenses, and franchise restaurants for royalty fees.

Receivables are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The allowance for doubtful accounts is our best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in our existing accounts receivable. We determine the allowance based on historical collection experience and the age of receivables. We review our allowance for doubtful accounts quarterly. Past due balances over 120 days are reviewed individually for collectability. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote.

(g) Inventories

Inventories, consisting principally of food, beverages and supplies, are valued at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or net realizable value.

(h) Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Expenditures for major renewals and betterments are capitalized while expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Depreciation is computed on property and equipment, including assets located on leased properties, over the shorter of the estimated useful lives of the related assets or the underlying lease term using the straight-line method. In most cases, assets on

F-10

Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

leased properties are depreciated over a period of time which includes both the initial term of the lease and one or more option periods. Refer to Note 2(i) for further discussion of leases.

The estimated useful lives are:

Land improvements	10 - 25 years
Buildings and leasehold improvements	10 - 25 years
Furniture, fixtures and equipment	3 - 10 years

The cost of purchasing transferable liquor licenses through open markets in jurisdictions with a limited number of authorized liquor licenses are capitalized as indefinite-lived assets and included in Property and equipment, net.

(i) Leases

We recognize operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities for real estate leases, including our restaurant leases and Support Center lease, as well as certain restaurant equipment leases based on the present value of the lease payments over the lease term. We estimate the present value based on our incremental borrowing rate which corresponds to the underlying lease term. In addition, operating lease right-of-use assets are reduced for accrued rent and increased for any initial direct costs recognized at lease inception. For real estate and restaurant equipment leases commencing in 2019 and later, we account for lease and non-lease components as a single lease component.

Certain of our operating leases contain predetermined fixed escalations of the minimum rent over the lease term. For these leases, we recognize the related total rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We may receive rent concessions or leasehold improvement incentives upon opening a restaurant that is subject to a lease which we consider when determining straight-line rent expense. We also may receive rent holidays, which would begin on the possession date and end when the store opens, during which no cash rent payments are typically due under the terms of the lease. Rent holidays are included in the lease term when determining straight-line rent expense. In recognizing straight-line rent expense, we record the difference between amounts charged to operations and amounts paid as accrued rent.

Certain of our operating leases contain clauses that provide for additional contingent rent based on a percentage of sales greater than certain specified target amounts. We recognize contingent rent expense prior to the achievement of the specified target that triggers the contingent rent, provided achievement of the target is considered probable. In addition, certain of our operating leases have variable escalations of the minimum rent that depend on an index or rate. For these leases, we recognize operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities based on the index or rate at the commencement date. Any subsequent changes to the index or rate are recognized as variable rent expense when the escalation is determinable.

Sale-leasebacks are transactions through which we sell previously acquired land at fair value and subsequently enter into a lease agreement on the same land. The resulting lease agreement is evaluated to determine classification as an operating or finance lease and is recorded based on the lease classification. Refer to Note 8 for further discussion of leases. 

(j) Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of cost over fair value of assets of businesses acquired. In accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other ("ASC 350"), goodwill is not subject to amortization and is evaluated for impairment on an annual basis, or sooner if an event or other circumstance indicates that goodwill may be impaired.  The annual assessment date is the first day of our fourth quarter. 

ASC 350 requires that goodwill be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level, or the level of internal reporting that reflects the way in which an entity manages its businesses. A reporting unit is defined as an operating segment, or one level below an operating segment. Historically, we designated our operating segment and reporting unit to be at the

F-11

Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

same level which we defined to be the individual restaurant. In 2021, we changed the designation of our operating segment and reporting unit to be at the concept level. As a result of this change, in 2021, we performed the goodwill impairment analysis at both the individual restaurant and concept level to substantiate that our goodwill was not impaired under either reporting unit definition.  In 2022, we performed the goodwill impairment analysis at the concept level.

As stated in ASC 350, an entity may first assess qualitative factors in order to determine if it is necessary to perform the quantitative test. In 2022 and 2021, we elected to perform a qualitative assessment for our annual review of goodwill. This review included evaluating factors such as macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors, changes in management or key personnel, sustained decreases in share price and the overall financial performance of the Company’s reporting units at the concept level. As a result of the qualitative assessment, no indicators of impairment were identified, and no additional indicators of impairment were identified through the end of the fourth quarter that would require additional testing.

In 2022 and 2021, we determined there was no goodwill impairment. In 2020, as a result of our annual goodwill impairment analysis, we recorded goodwill impairment of $1.1 million. Refer to Note 7 for additional information related to goodwill and intangible assets.

(k) Other Assets

Other assets consist primarily of deferred compensation plan assets, investments in unconsolidated affiliates and deposits. For further discussion of the deferred compensation plan, refer to Note 15 and Note 16.

(l) Impairment or Disposal of Long-lived Assets

In accordance with ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, long-lived assets related to each restaurant to be held and used in the business, such as property and equipment, operating lease right-of-use assets and intangible assets subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of a restaurant may not be recoverable. For the purposes of this evaluation, we define the asset group at the individual restaurant level. When we evaluate the restaurants, cash flows are the primary indicator of impairment.

Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of the restaurant to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the restaurant. Under our policies, trailing 12- month cash flow results under a predetermined amount at the individual restaurant level signals potential impairment. In our evaluation of restaurants that do not meet the cash flow threshold, we estimate future undiscounted cash flows from operating the restaurant over its estimated useful life, which can be for a period of over 20 years. In the estimation of future cash flows, we consider the period of time the restaurant has been open, the trend of operations over such period and future periods and expectations of future sales growth. Assumptions about important factors such as the trend of future operations and sales growth are limited to those that are supportable based upon the plans for the restaurant and actual results at comparable restaurants.

If the carrying amount of the restaurant exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value of the assets. We generally measure fair value by discounting estimated future cash flows. When fair value is measured by discounting estimated future cash flows, the assumptions used are consistent with what we believe hypothetical market participants would use. We also use a discount rate that is commensurate with the risk inherent in the projected cash flows. The adjusted carrying amounts of assets to be held and used are depreciated over their remaining useful life. Refer to Note 17 for further discussion of amounts recorded as part of our impairment analysis.

F-12

Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

(m) Insurance Reserves

We self-insure a significant portion of expected losses under our health, workers’ compensation, general liability, employment practices liability, and property insurance programs. We purchase insurance for individual claims that exceed the retention amounts listed below:

	December 27, 2022	December 28, 2021
Employment practices liability ("EPL")	$500,000	$500,000
EPL Class Action	$2,500,000	$2,500,000
Workers' compensation	$350,000	$350,000
General liability	$2,500,000	$1,000,000
Property	$250,000	$250,000
Employee healthcare	$400,000	$400,000

We record a liability for unresolved claims and for an estimate of incurred but not reported claims based on historical experience. The estimated liability is based on a number of assumptions and factors regarding economic conditions, the frequency and severity of claims and claim development history and settlement practices. Our assumptions are reviewed, monitored, and adjusted when warranted by changing circumstances.

(n) Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which requires an entity to allocate the transaction price received from customers to each separate and distinct performance obligation and recognize revenue as these performance obligations are satisfied.  We recognize revenue from company restaurant sales when food and beverage products are sold. Restaurant sales include gross food and beverage sales, net of promotions and discounts, for all company restaurants. Sales taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are accounted for on a net basis and therefore are excluded from restaurant sales in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

We record deferred revenue for gift cards that have been sold but not yet redeemed. When the gift cards are redeemed, we recognize restaurant sales and reduce deferred revenue. For some of the gift cards that are sold we have determined that, based on our historic gift card redemption patterns, the likelihood of redemption is remote. For these gift cards, we record a breakage adjustment and reduce deferred revenue by the amount never expected to be redeemed. We use historic gift card redemption patterns to determine the breakage rate to utilize and recognize the expected breakage amount in a manner generally consistent with the actual redemption pattern of the associated gift card. We review the breakage rate on an annual basis, or sooner if circumstances indicate that the rate may have significantly changed and update the rate accordingly as needed. In addition, we incur fees on all gift cards that are sold through third-party retailers. These fees are also deferred and generally recorded consistent with the actual redemption pattern of the associated gift cards.

We also recognize revenue from our franchising of Texas Roadhouse restaurants. This includes franchise royalties and domestic marketing and advertising fees, initial and upfront franchise fees, domestic and international development agreements and supervisory and administrative service fees. We recognize franchise royalties and domestic marketing and advertising fees as franchise restaurant sales occur. For initial and upfront franchise fees and fees from development agreements, because the services we provide related to these fees do not contain separate and distinct performance obligations from the franchise right, these fees are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the associated franchise agreement. We recognize fees from supervision and administrative services as incurred.

F-13

Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

(o) Income Taxes

We account for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes, under which deferred assets and liabilities are recognized based upon anticipated future tax consequences attributable to differences between financial statement carrying values of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. We recognize both interest and penalties on unrecognized tax benefits as part of income tax expense. A valuation allowance is established to reduce the carrying value of deferred tax assets if it is considered more likely than not that such assets will not be realized. Any change in the valuation allowance would be charged to income in the period such determination was made. For all years presented, no valuation allowances have been recorded.

(p) Advertising

We have a domestic system-wide marketing and advertising fund. We maintain control of the marketing and advertising fund and, as such, have consolidated the fund’s activity for all the years presented. Domestic company and franchise restaurants are required to remit a designated portion of sales to the advertising fund. Advertising contributions related to company restaurants are recorded as a component of other operating costs. Advertising contributions received from our franchisees are recorded as a component of franchise royalties and fees in our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

Other costs related to local restaurant area marketing initiatives are included in other operating costs in our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. These costs and the company restaurant contribution amounted to $25.0 million, $21.1 million and $13.8 million for the years ended December 27, 2022, December 28, 2021 and December 29, 2020, respectively.

(q) Pre-opening Expenses

Pre-opening expenses, which are charged to operations as incurred, consist of expenses incurred before the opening of a new or relocated restaurant and are comprised principally of opening team and training team compensation and benefits, travel expenses, rent, food, beverage and other initial supplies and expenses.

(r) Comprehensive Income

ASC 220, Comprehensive Income, establishes standards for reporting and the presentation of comprehensive income and its components in a full set of financial statements. Comprehensive income consists of net income and foreign currency translation adjustments which are excluded from net income under GAAP. Foreign currency translation adjustment represents the unrealized impact of translating the financial statements of our foreign investment.

(s) Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as the price that we would receive to sell an asset or pay to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. This includes a three-level hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs in measuring fair value. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability on the measurement date.

Level 1	Inputs based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets.
Level 2	Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the assets, either directly or indirectly.
Level 3	Inputs that are unobservable for the asset.

Fair value measurements are separately disclosed by level within the fair value hierarchy. Refer to Note 16 for further discussion of fair value measurement.

F-14

Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

(t) Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Reference Rate Reform

In March 2020, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, which provides temporary optional expedients and exceptions to the current guidance on contract modifications and hedge accounting. These changes are intended to simplify the market transition from the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates. In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848 which defers the sunset date of Topic 848 from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2024. We do not anticipate that the adoption of this standard will have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.

(3) Revenue

The following table disaggregates our revenue by major source:

	Fiscal Year Ended
	December 27, 2022		December 28, 2021		December 29, 2020
Restaurant and other sales	$	3,988,791	$	3,439,176	$	2,380,177
Franchise royalties		23,058		21,770		15,542
Franchise fees		3,070		3,000		2,404
Total revenue	$	4,014,919	$	3,463,946	$	2,398,123

The following table presents a rollforward of deferred revenue-gift cards:

	December 27, 2022		December 28, 2021
Beginning balance	$	300,657	$	232,812
Gift card activations, net		366,606		319,698
Gift card redemptions and breakage		(331,860)		(251,853)
Ending balance		335,403		300,657

We recognized restaurant sales of $190.5 million for the year ended December 27, 2022 related to the amount in deferred revenue as of December 28, 2021. We recognized restaurant sales of $140.1 million for the year ended December 28, 2021 related to the amount in deferred revenue as of December 29, 2020.

(4) Acquisitions

On March 30, 2022, we completed the acquisition of one franchise Texas Roadhouse restaurant located in Nebraska in which we previously held a 5.49% equity interest. Pursuant to the terms of the acquisition agreement, we paid a total purchase price of $6.6 million, net of cash acquired for 100% of the entity. The transaction was accounted for as a step acquisition and we recorded a gain of $0.3 million on our previous investment in equity income from investments in unconsolidated affiliates in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

Additionally, on December 29, 2021, we completed the acquisition of seven franchise Texas Roadhouse restaurants located in South Carolina and Georgia. Pursuant to the terms of the acquisition agreements, we paid a total purchase price of $26.4 million, net of cash acquired.

F-15

Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

These transactions were accounted for using the acquisition method as defined in ASC 805, Business Combinations. These acquisitions are consistent with our long-term strategy to increase net income and earnings per share.

The following table summarizes the consideration paid (in thousands) for the acquisitions, and the estimated fair value of the assets acquired, and the liabilities assumed at the acquisition date, which are adjusted for measurement-period adjustments through December 27, 2022.

Inventory	$	321
Other assets		222
Property and equipment		4,841
Operating lease right-of-use assets		1,221
Goodwill		21,731
Intangible assets		6,900
Deferred revenue-gift cards		(947)
Current portion of operating lease liabilities		(47)
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion		(1,173)
	$	33,069

The aggregate purchase prices are preliminary as the Company is finalizing working capital adjustments. Intangible assets represent reacquired franchise rights which will be amortized over a weighted-average useful life of 3.5 years. We expect all of the goodwill and intangible asset amortization will be deductible for tax purposes and believe the resulting amount of goodwill reflects the benefit of sales and unit growth opportunities as well as the benefit of the assembled workforce of the acquired restaurants.

Pro forma operating results for the year ended December 27, 2022 have not been presented as the results of the acquired restaurants are not material to our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

(5) Long-term Debt

 On May 4, 2021, we entered into an agreement to amend our revolving credit facility with a syndicate of commercial lenders led by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and PNC Bank, N.A. The amended revolving credit facility remains an unsecured, revolving credit agreement and has a borrowing capacity of up to $300.0 million with the option to increase by an additional $200.0 million subject to certain limitations, including approval by the syndicate of lenders. The amendment also extended the maturity date to May 1, 2026. Prior to the amendment, our original revolving credit facility had a borrowing capacity of up to $200.0 million with the option to increase by an additional $200.0 million subject to certain limitations, including approval by the syndicate of lenders.

The terms of the amendment require us to pay interest on outstanding borrowings at LIBOR plus a margin of 0.875% to 1.875% and pay a commitment fee of 0.125% to 0.30% per year on any unused portion of the amended revolving credit facility, in each case depending on our leverage ratio. The agreement also provides an Alternate Base Rate that may be substituted for LIBOR.

As of December 27, 2022, we had $50.0 million outstanding on the amended revolving credit facility and $233.5 million of availability, net of $16.5 million of outstanding letters of credit. As of December 28, 2021, we had $100.0 million outstanding on the amended revolving credit facility and $189.1 million of availability, net of $10.9 million of outstanding letters of credit. These outstanding amounts are included as long-term debt on our consolidated balance sheets.

F-16

Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

The interest rate for the $50.0 million outstanding as of December 27, 2022 was 5.21%. The interest rate for the $100.0 million outstanding as of December 28, 2021 was 0.98%.

The lenders’ obligation to extend credit pursuant to the amended revolving credit facility depends on us maintaining certain financial covenants. We were in compliance with all financial covenants as of December 27, 2022 and December 28, 2021.

(6) Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment were as follows:

	December 27,		December 28,
	2022		2021
Land and improvements	$	148,220	$	144,182
Buildings and leasehold improvements		1,206,930		1,092,776
Furniture, fixtures and equipment		797,058		732,160
Construction in progress		73,639		50,809
Liquor licenses		12,538		11,889
		2,238,385		2,031,816
Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(968,036)		(869,375)
	$	1,270,349	$	1,162,441

For the years ended December 27, 2022, December 28, 2021 and December 29, 2020, the amount of interest capitalized in connection with restaurant construction was $1.3 million, $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively.

(7) Goodwill and Intangible Assets

All of our goodwill and intangible assets reside within the Texas Roadhouse reportable segment. The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill and intangible assets are as follows:

	Goodwill		Intangible Assets
Balance as of December 29, 2020 (1)	$	127,001	$	2,271
Additions		—		—
Amortization expense		—		(751)
Disposals and other, net		—		—
Impairment		—		—
Balance as of December 28, 2021	$	127,001	$	1,520
Additions		21,731		6,900
Amortization expense		—		(2,813)
Disposals and other, net		—		—
Impairment		—		—
Balance as of December 27, 2022	$	148,732	$	5,607

(1) Net of $5.9 million of accumulated goodwill impairment losses.

Intangible assets consist of reacquired franchise rights. The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of the intangible assets at December 27, 2022 were $23.5 million and $17.9 million, respectively. As of December 28, 2021, the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of the intangible assets were $16.6 million and $15.1 million, respectively. We amortize reacquired franchise rights on a straight-line basis over the remaining term of the franchise operating agreements, which varies by franchise agreement. Amortization expense for the next four years is expected to range from $0.1 million to $2.6 million. Refer to Note 4 for discussion of the acquisitions completed for the year ended December 27, 2022.

F-17

Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

(8) Leases

We recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for both real estate and equipment leases that have a term in excess of one year. As of December 27, 2022 and December 28, 2021, these amounts were as follows:

	December 27, 2022
	Real estate		Equipment		Total
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	625,164	$	5,094	$	630,258
Current portion of operating lease liabilities		23,803		1,687		25,490
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion		674,468		3,406		677,874
Total operating lease liabilities	$	698,271	$	5,093	$	703,364

	December 28, 2021
	Real estate		Equipment		Total
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	574,356	$	4,057	$	578,413
Current portion of operating lease liabilities		20,577		1,375		21,952
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion		620,210		2,682		622,892
Total operating lease liabilities	$	640,787	$	4,057	$	644,844

F-18

Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

Information related to our real estate operating leases as of and for the fiscal year ended December 27, 2022 and December 28, 2021 was as follows:

	Fiscal Year Ended
Real estate costs		December 27, 2022			December 28, 2021
Operating lease	$	68,742		$	62,430
Variable lease		4,393			3,767
Total lease costs	$	73,135		$	66,197
Real estate lease liabilities maturity analysis					December 27, 2022
2023				$	66,675
2024					67,195
2025					65,206
2026					65,081
2027					65,493
Thereafter					861,414
Total				$	1,191,064
Less interest					492,793
Total discounted operating lease liabilities				$	698,271
	Fiscal Year Ended
Real estate leases other information		December 27, 2022			December 28, 2021
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of operating lease liabilities	$	63,269		$	57,040
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	54,666		$	68,921
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)		17.57			17.88
Weighted-average discount rate		6.34	%		6.46	%

Operating lease payments exclude $7.9 million of future minimum lease payments for executed real estate leases of which we have not yet taken possession. In addition to the above operating leases, as of December 27, 2022, we had two finance leases with a right-of-use asset balance and lease liability balance of $2.1 million and $2.7 million, respectively. As of December 28, 2021, we had two finance leases with a right-of-use asset balance and lease liability balance of $2.2 million and $2.7 million, respectively. The right-of-use asset balance is included as a component of other assets and the lease liability balance as a component of other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

In 2022, we entered into four sale leaseback transactions involving land that had recently been acquired. These sales generated proceeds of $12.9 million and no gain or loss was recognized on the transactions. In 2021, we entered into three sale leaseback transactions involving land that had recently been acquired. These sales generated proceeds of $5.6 million and no gain or loss was recognized on the transactions. The resulting operating leases are included in the operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities noted above.

F-19

Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

(9) Income Taxes

Components of our income tax expense (benefit) for the years ended December 27, 2022, December 28, 2021 and December 29, 2020 are as follows:

	Fiscal Year Ended
	December 27, 2022		December 28, 2021		December 29, 2020
Current:
Federal	$	15,549	$	16,700	$	(648)
State		18,120		13,539		4,505
Foreign		590		443		403
Total current		34,259		30,682		4,260
Deferred:
Federal		9,664		7,391		(16,859)
State		(208)		1,505		(3,073)
Total deferred		9,456		8,896		(19,932)
Income tax expense (benefit)	$	43,715	$	39,578	$	(15,672)

Our pre-tax income is substantially derived from domestic restaurants.

A reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to our effective tax rate for December 27, 2022, December 28, 2021 and December 29, 2020 is as follows:

	Fiscal Year Ended
	December 27, 2022		December 28, 2021		December 29, 2020
Tax at statutory federal rate	21.0	%	21.0	%	21.0	%
State and local tax, net of federal benefit	3.7		3.8		3.6
FICA tip tax credit	(10.5)		(9.3)		(92.5)
Work opportunity tax credit	(1.3)		(1.2)		(12.4)
Stock compensation	(0.1)		(1.5)		(2.3)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(0.4)		(0.5)		(3.0)
Officers compensation	0.7		1.1		2.6
Other	0.5		0.1		1.6
Total	13.6	%	13.5	%	(81.4)	%

Our effective tax rate increased to 13.6% in 2022 compared to 13.5% in 2021. The increase was primarily due to lower excess tax benefits related to our share-based compensation program partially offset by an increase in the FICA tip tax credit.

Our effective tax rate was 13.5% in 2021 compared to a tax benefit of 81.4% in 2020. The increase was primarily due to the significant increase in pre-tax income. In 2020, our FICA tip and Work opportunity tax credits exceeded our federal tax liability which resulted in a tax rate benefit.

F-20

Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

Components of deferred tax liabilities, net are as follows:

	December 27, 2022		December 28, 2021
Deferred tax assets:
Deferred revenue—gift cards	$	29,889	$	24,056
Insurance reserves		6,506		6,407
Deferred payroll taxes		-		5,995
Other reserves		1,060		1,077
Share-based compensation		5,059		6,040
Operating lease liabilities		173,853		160,638
Deferred compensation		17,934		16,233
Tax credit carryforwards		2,740		3,618
Other assets		2,991		2,801
Total deferred tax asset		240,032		226,865
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property and equipment		(82,832)		(75,022)
Goodwill and intangibles		(8,374)		(7,742)
Operating lease right-of-use asset		(155,837)		(144,153)
Other liabilities		(13,968)		(11,682)
Total deferred tax liability		(261,011)		(238,599)
Net deferred tax liability	$	(20,979)	$	(11,734)

As of December 27, 2022 and December 28, 2021, we had tax credit carryforwards of $2.7 million and $3.6 million, respectively, primarily related to FICA tip and Work opportunity tax credit carryforwards that exceeded credit limitations. These federal carryforwards expire in 2042. We expect to generate sufficient earnings in future periods and/or may implement tax planning strategies that would allow us to fully utilize these credits. As such, we have not provided any valuation allowances for these credits, or any of our other deferred tax assets, as their realization is more likely than not.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending liability for unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

Balance at December 29, 2020	$	1,662
Additions to tax positions related to prior years		49
Additions to tax positions related to current year		413
Reductions due to statute expiration		(160)
Reductions due to exam settlement		(436)
Balance at December 28, 2021		1,528
Additions to tax positions related to prior years		1,545
Additions to tax positions related to current year		872
Reductions due to statute expiration		-
Reductions due to exam settlement		(20)
Balance at December 27, 2022	$	3,925

As of December 27, 2022 and December 28, 2021, the amount of unrecognized tax benefits that would impact the effective tax rate if recognized was $2.1 million and $1.5 million, respectively.

As of December 27, 2022 and December 28, 2021, the total amount of accrued penalties and interest related to uncertain tax provisions was recognized as a part of income tax expense and these amounts were not material.

All entities for which unrecognized tax benefits exist as of December 27, 2022 possess a December tax year-end. As a result, as of December 27, 2022, the tax years ended December 28, 2021, December 29, 2020 and December 31, 2019 remain subject to examination by all tax jurisdictions. As of December 27, 2022, no audits were in process by a

F-21

Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

tax jurisdiction that, if completed during the next twelve months, would be expected to result in a material change to our unrecognized tax benefits. Additionally, as of December 27, 2022, no event occurred that is likely to result in a significant increase or decrease in the unrecognized tax benefits through December 26, 2023.

(10) Preferred Stock

Our Board of Directors (the "Board") is authorized, without further vote or action by the holders of common stock, to issue from time to time up to an aggregate of 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series. Each series of preferred stock will have the number of shares, designations, preferences, voting powers, qualifications and special or relative rights or privileges as shall be determined by the Board, which may include, but are not limited to, dividend rights, voting rights, redemption and sinking fund provisions, liquidation preferences, conversion rights and preemptive rights. There were no shares of preferred stock outstanding at December 27, 2022 and December 28, 2021.

(11) Stock Repurchase Program

On March 17, 2022, our Board approved a stock repurchase program under which we may repurchase up to $300.0 million of our common stock. This stock repurchase program has no expiration date and replaced a previous stock repurchase program which was approved on May 31, 2019 that authorized the Company to repurchase up to $250.0 million of our common stock. All repurchases to date under our stock repurchase programs have been made through open market transactions. The timing and the amount of any repurchases are determined by management under parameters established by the Board, based on an evaluation of our stock price, market conditions and other corporate considerations.

For the year ended December 27, 2022, we paid $212.9 million to repurchase 2,734,005 shares of our common stock. This includes $133.1 million repurchased under our current authorized stock repurchase program and $79.7 million repurchased under our prior authorization. For the year ended December 28, 2021, we paid $51.6 million to repurchase 584,932 shares of our common stock. As of December 27, 2022, we had $166.9 million remaining under our authorized stock repurchase program.

(12) Earnings Per Share

The share and net income per share data for all periods presented are based on the historical weighted-average shares outstanding. The diluted earnings per share calculations show the effect of the weighted-average restricted stock units outstanding from our equity incentive plans. Performance stock units are not included in the diluted earnings per share calculation until the performance-based criteria have been met. Refer to Note 14 for further discussion of our equity incentive plans. For the years ended December 27, 2022, December 28, 2021, and December 29, 2020, the shares of non-vested stock that were not included because they would have had an anti-dilutive effect were not significant.

F-22

Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

The following table sets forth the calculation of earnings per share and weighted average shares outstanding as presented in the accompanying consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income:

	Fiscal Year Ended
	December 27,		December 28,		December 29,
	2022		2021		2020
Net income attributable to Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and subsidiaries	$	269,818	$	245,294	$	31,255
Basic EPS:
Weighted-average common shares outstanding		67,643		69,709		69,438
Basic EPS	$	3.99	$	3.52	$	0.45
Diluted EPS:
Weighted-average common shares outstanding		67,643		69,709		69,438
Dilutive effect of nonvested stock		277		389		455
Shares-diluted		67,920		70,098		69,893
Diluted EPS	$	3.97	$	3.50	$	0.45

(13) Commitments and Contingencies

The estimated cost of completing capital project commitments at December 27, 2022 and December 28, 2021 was $205.7 million and $135.0 million, respectively.

As of December 27, 2022 and December 28, 2021, we are contingently liable for $11.3 million and $12.2 million, respectively, for seven lease guarantees. These amounts represent the maximum potential liability of future payments under the guarantees. In the event of default, the indemnity and default clauses in our assignment agreements govern our ability to pursue and recover damages incurred. No liabilities have been recorded as of December 27, 2022 as the likelihood of default was deemed to be less than probable and the fair value of the guarantees is not considered significant.

During the year ended December 27, 2022, we bought most of our beef from four suppliers. Although there are a limited number of beef suppliers, we believe that other suppliers could provide a similar product on comparable terms. We have no material minimum purchase commitments with our vendors that extend beyond a year.

Occasionally, we are a defendant in litigation arising in the ordinary course of business, including "slip and fall" accidents, employment related claims, claims related to our service of alcohol, and claims from guests or employees alleging illness, injury or food quality, health or operational concerns. None of these types of litigation, most of which are covered by insurance, has had a material effect on us and, as of the date of this report, we are not party to any litigation that we believe could have a material adverse effect on our business.

(14) Share-based Compensation

On May 13, 2021, our stockholders approved the Texas Roadhouse, Inc. 2021 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the "Plan"). The Plan provides for the granting of various forms of equity awards including options, stock appreciation rights, full value awards, and performance-based awards. This plan replaced the 2013 Long-Term Incentive Plan and no subsequent awards will be granted under the 2013 plan.

The Company provides restricted stock units ("RSUs") to employees as a form of share-based compensation. A RSU is the conditional right to receive one share of common stock upon satisfaction of the vesting requirement. In addition to RSUs, the Company provides performance stock units ("PSUs") to executives as a form of share-based compensation. A PSU is the conditional right to receive one share of common stock upon meeting a performance obligation along with the satisfaction of the vesting requirement.

F-23

Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

The following table summarizes the share-based compensation recorded in the accompanying consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income:

	Fiscal Year Ended
	December 27,		December 28,		December 29,
	2022		2021		2020
Labor expense	$	10,656	$	10,323	$	10,081
General and administrative expense		26,007		27,816		19,350
Total share-based compensation expense	$	36,663	$	38,139	$	29,431

Share-based compensation activity by type of grant as of December 27, 2022 and changes during the period then ended are presented below. We recognize expense for RSUs and PSUs over the vesting term based on the grant date fair value of the award. We do not estimate forfeitures as we record them as they occur.

Summary Details for RSUs

		Weighted-Average		Weighted-Average
		Grant Date Fair		Remaining Contractual	Aggregate
	Shares	Value		Term (years)	Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at December 28, 2021	558,183	$	82.52
Granted	395,859		88.40
Forfeited	(45,207)		84.26
Vested	(413,996)		85.37
Outstanding at December 27, 2022	494,839	$	84.55	0.9	$	47,663

As of December 27, 2022, with respect to unvested RSUs, there was $18.5 million of unrecognized compensation cost that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 0.9 years. The vesting terms of the RSUs range from 1.0 to 5.0 years. The total intrinsic value of RSUs vested during the years ended December 27, 2022, December 28, 2021 and December 29, 2020 was $37.1 million, $54.7 million and $30.5 million, respectively. The excess tax benefit associated with vested RSUs for the years ended December 27, 2022, December 28, 2021 and December 29, 2020 was $0.4 million, $4.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively, which was recognized in the income tax provision.

Summary Details for PSUs

		Weighted-Average		Weighted-Average
		Grant Date Fair		Remaining Contractual	Aggregate
	Shares	Value		Term (years)	Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at December 28, 2021	31,952	$	86.22
Granted	29,600		86.41
Performance shares adjustment (1)	28,074		84.96
Forfeited	—		—
Vested	(60,026)		86.22
Outstanding at December 27, 2022	29,600	$	87.52	0.1	$	2,851

(1) Additional shares from the January 2021 PSU grant that vested in January 2022 due to exceeding the initial 100% target.

We grant PSUs to certain of our executives subject to a one-year vesting and the achievement of certain earnings targets, which determine the number of units to vest at the end of the vesting period. Share-based compensation expense is recognized for the number of units expected to vest at the end of the period and is expensed beginning on the grant date and through the performance period. For each grant, PSUs vest after meeting the performance and service conditions. The total intrinsic value of PSUs vested during the years ended December 27, 2022, December 28, 2021 and December 29, 2020 was $5.4 million, $0.4 million and $5.4 million, respectively.

F-24

Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

On January 8, 2023, 31,379 shares vested related to the January 2022 PSU grant and are expected to be distributed during the 13 weeks ending March 28, 2023. As of December 27, 2022, with respect to unvested PSUs, the amount of unrecognized compensation cost that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 0.1 year was not significant. There was no allowable excess tax benefit associated with vested PSUs for the years ended December 27, 2022, December 28, 2021 and December 29, 2020.

(15) Employee Benefit Plans

We have a defined contribution benefit plan ("401(k) Plan") that is available to our Support Center employees and managers in our restaurants who meet certain compensation and eligibility requirements. The 401(k) Plan allows participating employees to defer the receipt of a portion of their compensation and contribute such amount to one or more investment options. Beginning in 2022, we implemented a company match of a certain percentage of the employee contributions to the 401(k) Plan. Company contributions totaling $5.4 million and $1.6 million were recorded in labor expense and general and administrative expense, respectively, within the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

We also have a deferred compensation plan which allows highly compensated employees to defer a portion of their compensation and contribute such amounts to one or more investment funds held in a rabbi trust. The Company did not provide any contributions into this plan for any period presented. Refer to Note 16 for further discussion on the fair value measurement of the deferred compensation plan assets and liabilities.

(16) Fair Value Measurement

At December 27, 2022 and December 28, 2021, the fair values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximated their carrying values based on the short-term nature of these instruments. At December 27, 2022 and December 28, 2021, the fair value of our amended revolving credit facility approximated its carrying value since it is a variable rate credit facility (Level 2). There were no transfers among levels within the fair value hierarchy during the year ended December 27, 2022.

The following table presents the fair values for our financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis:

	Fair Value Measurements
	Level	December 27, 2022		December 28, 2021
Deferred compensation plan—assets	1	$	61,835	$	67,512
Deferred compensation plan—liabilities	1	$	(61,668)	$	(67,431)

We report the accounts of the deferred compensation plan in other assets and the corresponding liability in other liabilities in our consolidated financial statements. These investments are considered trading securities and are reported at fair value based on quoted market prices. The realized and unrealized holding gains and losses related to these investments, as well as the offsetting compensation expense, are recorded in general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

The following table presents the fair value of our assets measured on a nonrecurring basis:

	Fair Value Measurements					Total gain (loss)
						Fiscal Year Ended
		December 27,		December 28,		December 27,		December 28,
	Level	2022		2021		2022		2021
Long-lived assets held for sale	3	$	—	$	1,175	$	690	$	(470)
Long-lived assets held for use	3	$	2,000	$	—	$	(997)	$	—
Operating lease right-of-use assets	3	$	—	$	—	$	(708)	$	—
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates	3	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(1,531)

F-25

Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

Long-lived assets held for sale include land and building at a site that was relocated and had a carrying amount of $1.2 million as of December 28, 2021. These assets were included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in our consolidated balance sheets and were valued using a Level 3 input. These assets were sold during the fiscal year ended December 27, 2022 and resulted in a gain of $0.7 million which is included in impairment and closure, net in our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. We recorded a loss of $0.5 million related to these assets for the year ended December 28, 2021, which is included in impairment and closure, net in our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

Long-lived assets held for use include the land and building for one underperforming restaurant that was impaired down to fair value in 2022. These assets are valued using a Level 3 input. This impairment, which totaled $1.0 million, is included in impairment and closure costs, net in our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. For further discussion of impairment charges, refer to Note 17.

Operating lease right-of-use assets as of December 27, 2022 includes the lease related asset for two restaurants that were relocated in 2022. These assets were reduced to a fair value of zero in 2022. This resulted in a loss of $0.7 million for the fiscal year ended December 27, 2022, which is included in impairment and closure, net in our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

Investments in unconsolidated affiliates included a 40% equity interest in a joint venture in China which was fully impaired in late 2021. This asset was valued using a Level 3 input, or the amount we expected to receive upon the sale of this investment. This resulted in a loss of $1.5 million for the year ended December 28, 2021, which is included in equity income (loss) from investments in unconsolidated affiliates in our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

(17) Impairment and Closure Costs

We recorded impairment and closure costs of $1.6 million, $0.7 million and $2.3 million for the years ended December 27, 2022, December 28, 2021 and December 29, 2020, respectively.

Impairment and closure costs in 2022 included $1.7 million related to the impairment of the land, building and operating lease right-of-use assets at three restaurants, two of which have relocated and $0.6 million related to ongoing closure costs. This was partially offset by a $0.7 million gain on the sale of land and building that was previously classified as assets held for sale.

Impairment and closure costs in 2021 included $0.7 million related to the impairment of the fixed assets and operating lease right-of-use assets at two restaurants, both of which have relocated.

Impairment and closure costs in 2020 included $1.2 million related to the impairment of the fixed assets and operating lease right-of-use assets at four restaurants, all of which have relocated. In addition, in 2020, we recorded goodwill impairment of $1.1 million related to two restaurants.

(18) Related Party Transactions

As of December 27, 2022, December 28, 2021 and December 29, 2020, we had four franchise restaurants and one majority-owned company restaurant owned in part by a current officer of the Company. We recognized revenue of $1.8 million, $1.7 million and $0.9 million for the years ended December 27, 2022, December 28, 2021, and December 29, 2020, respectively, related to these restaurants.  

F-26

Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

(19) Segment Information

We manage our restaurant and franchising operations by concept and as a result have identified Texas Roadhouse, Bubba's 33, Jaggers, and our retail initiatives as separate operating segments. Our reportable segments are Texas Roadhouse and Bubba's 33. The Texas Roadhouse reportable segment includes the results of our domestic company Texas Roadhouse restaurants and domestic and international franchise Texas Roadhouse restaurants. The Bubba's 33 reportable segment includes the results of our domestic company Bubba's 33 restaurants. Our remaining operating segments, which include the results of our domestic company Jaggers restaurants and the results of our retail initiatives, are included in Other. In addition, Corporate-related segment assets, depreciation and amortization, and capital expenditures are also included in Other.

Management uses restaurant margin as the measure for assessing performance of our segments. Restaurant margin (in dollars and as a percentage of restaurant and other sales) represents restaurant and other sales less restaurant-level operating costs, including food and beverage costs, labor, rent and other operating costs. Restaurant margin also includes sales and operating costs related to our non-royalty based retail initiatives. Restaurant margin is used by our CODM to evaluate core restaurant-level operating efficiency and performance over various reporting periods on a consistent basis.

In calculating restaurant margin, we exclude certain non-restaurant-level costs that support operations, including general and administrative expenses, but do not have a direct impact on restaurant-level operational efficiency and performance. We exclude pre-opening expense as it occurs at irregular intervals and would impact comparability to prior period results. We exclude depreciation and amortization expense, substantially all of which relates to restaurant-level assets, as it represents a non-cash charge for the investment in our restaurants. We also exclude impairment and closure expense as we believe this provides a clearer perspective of the Company’s ongoing operating performance and a more useful comparison to prior period results. Restaurant margin as presented may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies in our industry.

Restaurant and other sales for all operating segments are derived primarily from food and beverage sales. We do not rely on any major customer as a source of sales and the customers and assets of our reportable segments are located predominantly in the United States. There are no material transactions between reportable segments.

The following tables reconcile our segment results to our consolidated results reported in accordance with GAAP:

	Fiscal Year Ended December 27, 2022
	Texas Roadhouse		Bubba's 33		Other		Total
Restaurant and other sales	$	3,762,884	$	211,690	$	14,217	$	3,988,791
Restaurant operating costs (excluding depreciation and amortization)		3,162,687		184,756		13,847		3,361,290
Restaurant margin	$	600,197	$	26,934	$	370	$	627,501
Depreciation and amortization	$	112,546	$	13,012	$	11,679	$	137,237
Segment assets		2,015,173		201,503		308,989		2,525,665
Capital expenditures		204,662		30,625		10,834		246,121

F-27

Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

	Fiscal Year Ended December 28, 2021
	Texas Roadhouse		Bubba's 33		Other		Total
Restaurant and other sales	$	3,253,889	$	174,355	$	10,932	$	3,439,176
Restaurant operating costs (excluding depreciation and amortization)		2,701,850		145,493		10,101		2,857,444
Restaurant margin	$	552,039	$	28,862	$	831	$	581,732
Depreciation and amortization	$	105,079	$	12,700	$	8,982	$	126,761
Segment assets		1,874,620		179,856		457,476		2,511,952
Capital expenditures		167,746		23,408		9,538		200,692
	Fiscal Year Ended December 29, 2020
	Texas Roadhouse		Bubba's 33		Other		Total
Restaurant and other sales	$	2,267,815	$	106,981	$	5,381	$	2,380,177
Restaurant operating costs (excluding depreciation and amortization)		2,011,517		98,565		4,455		2,114,537
Restaurant margin	$	256,298	$	8,416	$	926	$	265,640
Depreciation and amortization	$	98,485	$	12,036	$	7,356	$	117,877
Capital expenditures		127,162		13,833		13,406		154,401

A reconciliation of restaurant margin to income from operations is presented below. We do not allocate interest expense, net and equity income (loss) from investments in unconsolidated affiliates to reportable segments.

	Fiscal Year Ended
	December 27, 2022		December 28, 2021		December 29, 2020
Restaurant margin	$	627,501	$	581,732	$	265,640
Add:
Franchise royalties and fees		26,128		24,770		17,946
Less:
Pre-opening		21,883		24,335		20,099
Depreciation and amortization		137,237		126,761		117,877
Impairment and closure, net		1,600		734		2,263
General and administrative		172,712		157,480		119,503
Income from operations	$	320,197	$	297,192	$	23,844

(20) Subsequent Events

On December 28, 2022, the first day of our 2023 fiscal year, we completed the acquisition of eight domestic franchise restaurants. Pursuant to the terms of the acquisition agreements, we paid an aggregate purchase price of approximately $39.0 million. We expect to complete the preliminary purchase price allocations relating to these transactions in the first quarter of fiscal 2023.

F-28

EX-10.1

Exhibit 10.1

INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT

This Indemnification Agreement (this “Agreement”) is made as of November 11, 2021, by and between TEXAS ROADHOUSE, INC., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and ______________________, an individual resident (“Indemnitee”).

WHEREAS, the Company is aware that competent and experienced persons are increasingly reluctant to serve or continue serving as directors or officers of companies and other entities unless they are protected by comprehensive liability insurance and adequate indemnification due to the increased exposure to litigation costs and risks resulting from service to such companies that often bear no relationship to the compensation of such directors or officers; and

WHEREAS, the statutes and judicial decisions regarding the duties of directors and officers are often insufficient to provide directors and officers with adequate, reliable knowledge of the legal risks to which they are exposed or the manner in which they are expected to execute their fiduciary duties and responsibilities; and

WHEREAS, the Company and Indemnitee recognize that plaintiffs often seek damages in such large amounts, and the costs of litigation may be so great (whether or not the claims are meritorious), that the defense and/or settlement of such litigation can create an extraordinary burden on the personal resources of directors and officer; and

WHEREAS, the Board of Directors of the Company has concluded that, to attract and retain competent and experienced persons to serve as directors and officers of the Company, it is not only reasonable and prudent but necessary to promote the best interests of the Company and its shareholders for the Company to contractually indemnify its directors and certain of its officers in the manner set forth herein, and to assume for itself liability for expenses and damages in connection with claims against such directors and officers in connection with their service to the Company as provided herein; and

WHEREAS, the law of the State of Delaware permits the Company to indemnify and advance defense costs to its officers and directors and to indemnify and advance expenses to persons who serve at the request of the Company as directors, officers, employees, or agents of other corporations or enterprises; and

WHEREAS, the Company desires to attract and retain the services of highly qualified individuals, such as Indemnitee, to serve as officers and directors of the Company and to indemnify its officers and directors so as to provide them with the maximum protection permitted by law.

NOW, THEREFORE, the Company and Indemnitee hereby agree as follows:

1.          INDEMNIFICATION.

(a)         THIRD PARTY PROCEEDINGS. The Company shall indemnify Indemnitee if Indemnitee is or was or becomes a party to or witness or other participant in, or is threatened to be made a party to or witness or other participant in, any threatened, pending or completed action, suit, proceeding or any alternative dispute resolution mechanism, or any hearing, inquiry or investigation, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the Company) by reason of the fact that Indemnitee is or was a director, director nominee, officer, employee, agent or fiduciary of the Company, or any subsidiary of the Company, by reason of any action or inaction on the part of

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Indemnitee while an officer, director or director nominee or by reason of the fact that Indemnitee is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee, agent or fiduciary of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against any and all expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees and all other costs, expenses and obligations actually incurred in connection with investigating, defending, being a witness in or participating in (including on appeal), or preparing to defend, be a witness in or participate in, any such action, suit, proceeding, alternative dispute resolution mechanism, hearing, inquiry or investigation), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement (if such settlement is approved in advance by the Company, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld) actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if Indemnitee acted in good faith and in a manner Indemnitee reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe Indemnitee’s conduct was unlawful. The termination of any action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that (i) Indemnitee did not act in good faith, (ii) Indemnitee did not act in a manner which Indemnitee reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company, or (iii) with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, Indemnitee had no reasonable cause to believe that Indemnitee’s conduct was unlawful.

(b)         PROCEEDINGS BY OR IN THE RIGHT OF THE COMPANY. The Company shall indemnify Indemnitee if Indemnitee was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the Company or any subsidiary of the Company to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that Indemnitee is or was a director, director nominee, officer, employee or agent of the Company, or any subsidiary of the Company, by reason of any action or inaction on the part of Indemnitee while an officer, director or director nominee or by reason of the fact that Indemnitee is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees) and, to the fullest extent permitted by law, amounts paid in settlement, in each case to the extent actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or proceeding if Indemnitee acted in good faith and in a manner Indemnitee reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company and its shareholders, except that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which Indemnitee shall have been adjudged to be liable to the Company in the performance of Indemnitee’s duty to the Company and its shareholders unless and only to the extent that the court in which such action or suit is or was pending shall determine upon application that, in view of all the circumstances of the case, Indemnitee is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses and then only to the extent that the court shall determine.

(c)         CHANGE IN CONTROL. The Company agrees that if there is a Change in Control (as defined in Section 11(c) hereof) of the Company (other than a Change in Control which has been approved by a majority of the Company’s Board of Directors who were directors immediately before such Change in Control) then, with respect to all matters thereafter arising concerning the rights of Indemnitees to payments of expenses and advancement of expenses under this Agreement or any other agreement or under the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws as now or hereafter in effect, Independent Legal Counsel (as defined in Section 11(d) hereof) shall be selected by Indemnitee and approved by the Company (which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed). Such counsel, among other things, shall render its written opinion to the Company and Indemnitee as to whether and to what extent Indemnitee would be permitted to be indemnified under applicable law and the Company agrees to abide by such opinion. The Company agrees to pay the reasonable fees of the Independent Legal Counsel referred to above and to fully indemnify such counsel against any and all expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees), claims, liabilities and damages arising out of or relating to this Agreement or its engagement pursuant hereto.

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(d)         MANDATORY PAYMENT OF EXPENSES. To the extent that Indemnitee has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any action, suit or proceeding referred to in Subsections (a) and (b) of this Section 1, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, Indemnitee shall be indemnified against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee in connection therewith.

2.          AGREEMENT TO SERVE. In consideration of the protection afforded by this Agreement, if Indemnitee is a director of the Company, Indemnitee agrees to serve at least for thirty (30) days after the effective date of this Agreement as a director and not to resign voluntarily during such period without the written consent of a majority of the Board of Directors. If Indemnitee is an officer of the Company not serving under an employment contract, Indemnitee agrees to serve in such capacity at least for thirty (30) days and not to resign voluntarily during such period without the written consent of a majority of the Board of Directors. Following the applicable period set forth above, Indemnitee (who serves in a capacity other than as a director) agrees to continue to serve in such capacity at the will of the Company (or under separate agreement, if such agreement exists) so long as Indemnitee (who serves in a capacity other than as a director) is duly appointed or elected and qualified in accordance with the applicable provisions of the Bylaws of the Company or any subsidiary of the Company or until such time as the Indemnitee tenders his or her resignation in writing. Nothing contained in this Agreement is intended to or shall create in Indemnitee any right to continued employment.

3.          EXPENSES; INDEMNIFICATION PROCEDURE.

(a)         ADVANCEMENT OF EXPENSES. The Company shall advance all expenses incurred by Indemnitee in connection with the investigation, defense, settlement or appeal of any civil, criminal, administrative or investigative action, suit, proceeding or any alternative dispute resolution, or any hearing, inquiry or investigation referenced in Section 1(a) or (b) hereof (but not amounts actually paid in settlement of any such action, suit or proceeding). Indemnitee hereby undertakes to repay such expenses advanced only if, and to the extent that, it shall ultimately be determined that Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified by the Company as authorized hereby. The advances to be made hereunder shall be paid by the Company to Indemnitee within twenty-five (25) days following delivery of a written request therefore by Indemnitee to the Company.

(b)         NOTICE/COOPERATION BY INDEMNITEE. Indemnitee shall, as a condition precedent to Indemnitee’s right to be indemnified under this Agreement, give the Company notice in writing as soon as practicable of any claim made against Indemnitee for which indemnification will or could be sought under this Agreement. Notice to the Company shall be directed to the Chief Executive Officer of the Company at the address shown on the signature page of this Agreement (or such other address as the Company shall designate in writing to Indemnitee). Notice shall be deemed received three (3) business days after the date postmarked if sent by domestic certified or registered mail, properly addressed; otherwise notice shall be deemed received when such notice shall actually be received by the Company. In addition, Indemnitee shall give the Company such information and cooperation as it may reasonably require and as shall be within Indemnitee’s power.

(c)         PROCEDURE. Any indemnification and advances provided for in Section 1 and in this Section 3 shall be made no later than twenty-five (25) days after receipt of the written request of Indemnitee. If a claim under this Agreement, under any statute, or under any provision of the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws providing for indemnification, is not paid in full by the Company within twenty-five (25) days after a written request for payment thereof has first been received by the Company, Indemnitee may, but need not, at any time thereafter submit Indemnitee’s claim to arbitration as described in Section 14 to recover the unpaid amount of the claim and, subject to Section 15 of this Agreement, Indemnitee shall also be entitled to be paid for the expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees) of

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bringing such claim. It shall be a defense to any such action (other than a claim brought for expenses incurred in connection with any action or proceeding in advance of its final disposition) that Indemnitee has not met the standards of conduct which make it permissible under applicable law for the Company to indemnify Indemnitee for the amount claimed, but the burden of proving such defense shall be on the Company, and Indemnitee shall be entitled to receive interim payments of expenses pursuant to Section 3(a) unless and until such defense may be finally adjudicated by court order or judgment from which no further right of appeal exists or an arbitration panel as described in Section 14. It is the parties’ intention that if the Company contests Indemnitee’s right to indemnification, the question of Indemnitee’s right to indemnification shall be for the court or arbitration panel to decide, and neither the failure of the Company (including its Board of Directors, any committee or subgroup of the Board of Directors, independent legal counsel, or its shareholders) to have made a determination that indemnification of Indemnitee is proper in the circumstances because Indemnitee has met the applicable standard of conduct required by applicable law, nor an actual determination by the Company (including its Board of Directors, any committee or subgroup of the Board of Directors, independent legal counsel, or its shareholders) that Indemnitee has not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall create a presumption that Indemnitee has or has not met the applicable standard of conduct.

(d)         NOTICE TO INSURERS. If, at the time of the receipt of a notice of a claim pursuant to Section 3(b) hereof, the Company has director and officer liability insurance in effect, the Company shall give prompt notice of the commencement of such proceeding to the insurers in accordance with the procedures set forth in the respective policies. The Company shall thereafter take all necessary or desirable action to cause such insurers to pay, on behalf of the Indemnitee, all amounts payable as a result of such proceeding in accordance with the terms of such policies.

(e)         SELECTION OF COUNSEL. If the Company shall be obligated under Section 3(a) hereof to pay the expenses of any proceeding against Indemnitee, the Company, if appropriate, shall be entitled to assume the defense of such proceeding, with counsel approved by Indemnitee, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld, upon the delivery to Indemnitee of written notice of its election so to do. After delivery of such notice, approval of such counsel by Indemnitee and the retention of such counsel by the Company, the Company will not be liable to Indemnitee under this Agreement for any fees of counsel subsequently incurred by Indemnitee with respect to the same proceeding, provided that (i) Indemnitee shall have the right to employ Indemnitee’s own counsel in any such proceeding at Indemnitee’s expense; and (ii) if (A) the employment of counsel by Indemnitee has been previously authorized by the Company, (B) Indemnitee shall have reasonably concluded that there may be a conflict of interest between the Company and Indemnitee in the conduct of any such defense, or (C) the Company shall not, in fact, have employed counsel to assume the defense of such proceeding, then the fees and expenses of Indemnitee’s counsel shall be at the expense of the Company.

4.          ADDITIONAL INDEMNIFICATION RIGHTS; NONEXCLUSIVITY.

(a)         SCOPE. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the Company hereby agrees to indemnify Indemnitee to the fullest extent permitted by law, notwithstanding that such indemnification is not specifically authorized by the other provisions of this Agreement, the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation (as the same may have been amended), the Company’s Bylaws or by statute. In the event of any change, after the date of this Agreement, in any applicable law, statute or rule which expands the right of a Delaware corporation to indemnify a member of its Board of Directors or an officer, such changes shall be, ipso facto, within the purview of Indemnitee’s rights and Company’s obligations under this Agreement. In the event of any change in any applicable law, statute or rule which narrows the right of a Delaware corporation to indemnify a member of its Board of Directors or an officer, such changes, to the extent not otherwise required by such law, statute or rule to be applied to this Agreement shall have no effect on this Agreement or the parties’ rights and obligations hereunder.

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(b)         NONEXCLUSIVITY. The indemnification provided by this Agreement shall not be deemed exclusive of any rights to which Indemnitee may be entitled under the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, its Bylaws, any agreement, any vote of shareholders or disinterested directors, the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, or otherwise, both as to action in Indemnitee’s official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office. The indemnification provided under this Agreement shall continue as to Indemnitee for any action taken or not taken while serving in an indemnified capacity even though Indemnitee may have ceased to serve in such capacity at the time of any action or other covered proceeding.

5.          PARTIAL INDEMNIFICATION. If Indemnitee is entitled under any provision of this Agreement to indemnification by the Company for some or a portion of the expenses, judgments, fines, penalties or amounts paid in settlement actually or reasonably incurred by Indemnitee in the investigation, defense, appeal or settlement of civil, criminal, administrative or investigative action, suit, proceeding or any alternative dispute resolution, or any hearing, inquiry or investigation referenced in Section 1(a) or Section 1(b) hereof, but not, however, for the total amount thereof, the Company shall nevertheless indemnify Indemnitee for the portion of such expenses, judgments, fines or penalties to which Indemnitee is entitled.

6.          MUTUAL ACKNOWLEDGEMENT. Both the Company and Indemnitee acknowledge that in certain instances, Federal law or applicable public policy may prohibit the Company from indemnifying its directors and officers under this Agreement or otherwise. Indemnitee understands and acknowledges that the Company has undertaken or may be required in the future to undertake with the Securities and Exchange Commission to submit the question of indemnification to a court in certain circumstances for a determination of the Company’s right under public policy to indemnify Indemnitee.

7.          DIRECTORS’ AND OFFICERS’ LIABILITY INSURANCE. The Company shall, from time to time, make a good faith determination whether or not it is practicable for the Company to obtain and maintain a policy or policies of insurance with reputable insurance companies providing the officers and directors of the Company with coverage for losses from wrongful acts, or to ensure the Company’s performance of its indemnification obligations under this Agreement. Among other considerations, the Company will weigh the costs of obtaining such insurance coverage against the protection afforded by such coverage. In all policies of directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, Indemnitee shall be named as an insured in such a manner as to provide Indemnitee the same rights and benefits as are accorded to the most favorably insured of the Company’s directors, if Indemnitee is a director; or of the Company’s officers, if Indemnitee is not a director of the Company but is an officer; or of the Company’s key employees, if Indemnitee is not an officer or director but is a key employee. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall have no obligation to obtain or maintain such insurance if the Company determines in good faith that such insurance is not reasonably available, if the premium costs for such insurance are disproportionate to the amount of coverage provided, if the coverage provided by such insurance is limited by exclusions so as to provide an insufficient benefit, or if Indemnitee is covered by similar insurance maintained by a subsidiary or parent of the Company.

8.          SEVERABILITY. Nothing in this Agreement is intended to require or shall be construed as requiring the Company to do or fail to do any act in violation of applicable law. The Company’s inability, pursuant to court order, to perform its obligations under this Agreement shall not constitute a breach of this Agreement. The provisions of this Agreement shall be severable as provided in this Section 8. If this Agreement or any portion hereof shall be invalidated on any ground by any court of competent jurisdiction, then the Company shall nevertheless indemnify Indemnitee to the full extent permitted by any applicable portion of this Agreement that shall not have been invalidated, and the balance of this Agreement not so invalidated shall be enforceable in accordance with its terms.

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9.          EXCEPTIONS. Any other provision herein to the contrary notwithstanding, the Company shall not be obligated pursuant to the terms of this Agreement:

(a)         EXCLUDED ACTS. To indemnify Indemnitee for any acts or omissions or transactions from which a director may not be indemnified under the Delaware General Corporation Law; or

(b)         CLAIMS INITIATED BY INDEMNITEE. To indemnify or advance expenses to Indemnitee with respect to proceedings or claims initiated or brought voluntarily by Indemnitee and not by way of defense, except with respect to proceedings brought to establish or enforce a right to indemnification under this Agreement or any other statute or law or otherwise as required under Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, but such indemnification or advancement of expenses may be provided by the Company in specific cases if the Board of Directors has approved the initiation or bringing of such claim; or

(c)         LACK OF GOOD FAITH. To indemnify Indemnitee for any expenses incurred by the Indemnitee with respect to any proceeding instituted by Indemnitee to enforce or interpret this Agreement, if a court of competent jurisdiction or the arbitration panel determines that each of the material assertions made by the Indemnitee in such proceeding was not made in good faith or was frivolous; or

(d)         INSURED CLAIMS. To indemnify Indemnitee for expenses or liabilities of any type whatsoever (including, but not limited to, judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes or penalties, and amounts paid in settlement) which have been paid directly to Indemnitee by an insurance carrier under a policy of directors’ and officers’ liability insurance maintained by the Company; or

(e)         CLAIMS UNDER SECTION 16(b). To indemnify Indemnitee for expenses and the payment of profits arising from the purchase and sale by Indemnitee of securities in violation of Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or any similar successor statute; or

(f)          CLAIMS UNDER SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002. To indemnify Indemnitee for expenses and the repayment of any amounts pursuant to Section 304 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, or any rule or regulations promulgated pursuant thereto.

10.        EFFECTIVENESS OF AGREEMENT. This Agreement shall be effective as of the date set forth on the first page and may apply to acts or omissions of Indemnitee which occurred prior to such date if Indemnitee was an officer, director, director nominee, employee or other agent of the Company, or was serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, at the time such act or omission occurred.

11.        CONSTRUCTION OF CERTAIN PHRASES.

(a)         For purposes of this Agreement, references to the “Company” shall include, in addition to the resulting corporation, any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if its separate existence had continued, would have had power and authority to indemnify its directors, officers, employees or agents, so that if Indemnitee is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of such constituent corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such constituent corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, Indemnitee shall stand in the same position under the provisions of this Agreement with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as Indemnitee would have with respect to such constituent corporation if its separate existence had continued.

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(b)         For purposes of this Agreement, references to “other enterprises” shall include employee benefit plans; references to “fines” shall include any excise taxes assessed on Indemnitee with respect to an employee benefit plan; and references to “serving at the request of the Company” shall include any service as a director, officer, employee or agent of the Company which imposes duties on, or involves services by, such director, officer, employee or agent with respect to an employee benefit plan, its participants, or beneficiaries.

(c)         For purposes of this Agreement, the term “Change of Control” means that one (1) of the following events has taken place:  (i) consummation of a merger or consolidation of the Company with any other entity, other than a merger or consolidation that would result in the voting securities of the Company outstanding immediately prior thereto continuing to represent (either by remaining outstanding or by being converted into voting securities of the surviving or resulting entity) more than fifty percent (50%) of the combined voting power of the surviving or resulting entity outstanding immediately after such merger or consolidation; (ii) consummation of a sale or disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company (other than such a sale or disposition immediately after which such assets will be owned directly or indirectly by the shareholders of the Company in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of the common stock of the Company immediately before such sale or disposition); or (iii) any person becomes the beneficial owner (as determined pursuant to Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) of securities representing in excess of fifty percent (50%) of the aggregate voting power of the outstanding securities of the Company as required to be disclosed in a report on Schedule 13D of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

(d)         For purposes of this Agreement, “independent legal counsel ” shall mean an attorney or firm of attorneys, selected in accordance with the provisions of Section 1(c) hereof, who shall not have otherwise performed services for the Company or Indemnitee within the last three (3) years (other than with respect to matters concerning the rights of Indemnitee under this Agreement, or of other indemnitees under similar indemnity agreements).

(e)         For purposes of this Agreement, “voting securities” shall mean any securities of the Company that vote generally in the election of directors.

12.        COUNTERPARTS. This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall constitute an original.

13.        SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS. This Agreement shall be binding upon the Company and its successors and assigns, and shall inure to the benefit of Indemnitee and Indemnitee’s estate, heirs, legal representatives and assigns.

14.        ARBITRATION. It is understood and agreed that the Company and Indemnitee shall carry out this Agreement in the spirit of mutual cooperation and good faith and that any differences, disputes or controversies shall be resolved and settled amicably among the parties hereto. If the dispute, controversy or difference is not so settled in the above manner within twenty-five (25) days, then the matter shall be exclusively submitted to arbitration in Jefferson County, Kentucky before three independent technically qualified arbitrators in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association and under the laws of Delaware, without reference to conflict of laws principles. Subject to Sections 1(b) and 6, arbitration shall be the exclusive forum and the decision and award by the arbitrator(s) shall be final and binding upon the parties concerned and may be entered in any state court of Kentucky having jurisdiction.

15.        ATTORNEYS’ FEES. If any action is instituted or claim is submitted to arbitration by Indemnitee under this Agreement to enforce or interpret any of the terms hereof, Indemnitee shall be entitled

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to be paid all court costs and expenses, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, incurred by Indemnitee with respect to such action or arbitration, unless as a part of such action, a court of competent jurisdiction or the arbitrator(s) determines that each of the material assertions made by Indemnitee as a basis for such claim were not made in good faith or were frivolous. In the event of an action instituted or a claim submitted to arbitration by or in the name of the Company under this Agreement or to enforce or interpret any of the terms of this Agreement, Indemnitee shall be entitled to be paid all court costs and expenses, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, incurred by Indemnitee in defense of such action or claim (including with respect to Indemnitee’s counterclaims and cross-claims made in such action or arbitration), unless as a part of such action the court or the arbitrator(s) determines that each of Indemnitee’s material defenses to such action or claim were made in bad faith or were frivolous.

16.        NOTICE. All notices, requests, demands and other communications under this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed duly given (i) if delivered by hand and receipted for by the party addressee, on the date of such receipt, or (ii) if mailed by domestic certified or registered mail with postage prepaid, on the third business day after the date postmarked. Addresses for notice to either party are as shown on the signature page of this Agreement, or as subsequently modified by written notice.

17.        CONSENT TO JURISDICTION. The Company and Indemnitee each hereby irrevocably consent to the jurisdiction of the courts of the Commonwealth of Kentucky for all purposes in connection with any proceeding which arises out of or relates to this Agreement and agree that any action instituted under this Agreement shall be brought only in the state courts of the Commonwealth of Kentucky in Jefferson County and that any arbitration proceeding which arises out of or relates to this Agreement shall be held in Jefferson County, Kentucky, except as may otherwise be required by applicable law.

18.        CHOICE OF LAW. This Agreement shall be governed by and its provisions construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware as applied to contracts between Delaware residents entered into and performed entirely within Delaware.

19.        SUBROGATION. In the event of payment under this Agreement, the Company shall be subrogated to the extent of such payment to all of the rights of recovery of Indemnitee, who shall execute all documents required and shall do all acts that may be necessary to secure such rights and to enable the corporation effectively to bring suit to enforce such rights.

20.        CONTINUATION OF INDEMNIFICATION. All agreements and obligations of the Company contained herein shall continue during the period that Indemnitee is a director, director nominee, officer or agent of the Company and shall continue thereafter so long as Indemnitee shall be subject to any possible claim or threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, arbitrational, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that Indemnitee was serving in the capacity referred to herein.

21.        AMENDMENT AND TERMINATION. Subject to Section 20, no amendment, modification, termination or cancellation of this Agreement shall be effective unless in writing signed by both parties hereto.

22.        INTEGRATION AND ENTIRE AGREEMENT. This Agreement (a) sets forth the entire understanding between the parties, (b) supersedes all previous written or oral negotiations, commitments, understandings and agreements relating to the subject matter hereof and (c) merges all prior and contemporaneous discussions between the parties.

23.        COUNTERPARTS; ELECTRONIC SIGNATURES. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be an original, and such counterparts

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together shall constitute one and the same agreement. This Agreement shall be binding on the parties when executed and delivered by the parties to one another by electronic transmission.

[Signatures Follow]

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the date first above written.

COMPANY:
TEXAS ROADHOUSE, INC.,
a Delaware corporation
By:
Name:	Gerald L. Morgan
Title:	Chief Executive Officer and President
Address:
Texas Roadhouse, Inc.
6040 Dutchmans Lane
Louisville, Kentucky 40205
INDEMNITEE:
By:
Address:

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EX-10.4

Exhibit 10.4

Schedule of the Owners of Company-Managed Texas Roadhouse Restaurants and the
Interests Held by Directors, Executive Officers and 5% Stockholders Who Are Parties to
Limited Partnership Agreements and Operating Agreements

As of December 27, 2022

Entity Name	Restaurant Location	Percentage of Holdings’ Interest		Actual Management Fee Charged		Percentage Owned by Executive Officers, Directors & 5% Stockholders
Texas Roadhouse of Brownsville, Ltd.	Brownsville, TX	5.09	%	0.5	%	3.06	%(1)
Texas Roadhouse of Mansfield, Ltd.	Mansfield, TX	52.5	%	3.5	%	34.5	%(1)
Roadhouse of McKinney, Ltd.	McKinney, TX	5.0	%	0.5	%	2.0	%(1)

(1) The ownership percentages listed for these restaurants are owned by Gerald L. Morgan, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and President.

EX-10.5

Exhibit 10.5

Schedule of the Directors, Executive Officers and 5% Stockholders which have entered into Franchise

Agreements or Preliminary Agreements for a Texas Roadhouse Restaurant

As of December 27, 2022

	Name and Ownership	Franchise Agt. Signed	Franchise Fee (1)		Royalty Rate
BROWNSVILLE, TX TEXAS ROADHOUSE OF BROWNSVILLE, LTD. 6040 DUTCHMANS LANE LOUISVILLE, KY 40205	Gerald Morgan (3.06%)	06/14/2018	$	15,000		4.0	%
EL CAJON, CA TXRH EL CAJON, LLC 103 FLETCHER PARKWAY EL CAJON, CA 92020	Gerald Morgan (2.0%)	03/26/2019	$	40,000		4.0	%
MCKINNEY, TX ROADHOUSE OF MCKINNEY, LTD. 6040 DUTCHMANS LANE LOUISVILLE, KY 40205	Gerald Morgan (2.0%)	09/04/2019	$	15,000		4.0	%
OCEANSIDE, CA TXRH OCEANSIDE, LLC 2735 VISTA WAY OCEANSIDE, CA 92054	Gerald Morgan (2.0%)	10/28/2015	$	40,000		4.0	%

(1) This fee represents the renewal fee to be paid and/or has been paid by the applicable franchisee upon the renewal of the applicable Franchise Agreement.

EX-21.1

Exhibit 21.1

SUBSIDIARIES OF THE COMPANY

The following contains a list of the “significant subsidiaries” of Texas Roadhouse, Inc. as of December 27, 2022, together with the names of certain other subsidiaries, and the states in which those subsidiaries are organized.  The names of particular subsidiaries of Texas Roadhouse, Inc. have been omitted because, considered in the aggregate as a single subsidiary, they would not constitute, as of the end of the year covered by this report, a “significant subsidiary” as that term is defined in Rule 1-02(w) of Regulation S-X under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

I. SUBSIDIARIES WHOLLY-OWNED BY TEXAS ROADHOUSE, INC.

NAME OF ENTITY	FORM OF ENTITY
Armadillo, Inc.	Virginia corporation
Bubba’s Development Corporation	Kentucky corporation
Bubba’s Holdings LLC	Kentucky limited liability company
Jaggers Development Corporation	Kentucky corporation
Jaggers Holdings LLC	Kentucky limited liability company
Legendary Food Services LLC	Kentucky limited liability company
Legendary Products LLC	Kentucky limited liability company
Roadhouse-Creek of NJ, LLC	Kentucky limited liability company
Texas Roadhouse Central Treasury LLC	Kentucky limited liability company
Texas Roadhouse Delaware LLC	Delaware limited liability company
Texas Roadhouse Development Corporation	Kentucky corporation
Texas Roadhouse Holdings LLC	Kentucky limited liability company
Texas Roadhouse International, LLC	Nevada limited liability company
Texas Roadhouse Management Corp.	Kentucky corporation

II. INDIRECTLY WHOLLY-OWNED SUBSIDIARIES

NAME OF ENTITY	FORM OF ENTITY
Jaggers Restaurant Enterprises, Inc.	Texas corporation
JDC International LLC	Kentucky limited liability company
Roadhouse Enterprises, Inc.	Texas corporation
SRC Kansas, LLC	Kansas limited liability company
Strategic Restaurant Enterprises, Inc.	Texas corporation
Texas Roadhouse Administrative Services, LLC	Kentucky limited liability company
Texas Roadhouse Intermediary, LLC	Kentucky limited liability company
Texas Roadhouse International Services, LLC	Kentucky limited liability company
Texas Roadhouse of Conway, Inc.	Arkansas non-profit corporation
Texas Roadhouse of Jonesboro, Inc.	Arkansas non-profit corporation
Texas Roadhouse of Kansas, LLC	Kansas limited liability company
TRDC International, LLC	Nevada limited liability company
TXRH International IP, LLC	Texas limited liability company

III. PARTIALLY-OWNED SUBSIDIARIES

NAME OF ENTITY	FORM OF ENTITY
SRC of Anne Arundel County, MD, LLC	Kentucky limited liability company
Texas Roadhouse of Austin-North, Ltd.	Kentucky limited partnership
Texas Roadhouse of Austin, Ltd.	Kentucky limited partnership
Texas Roadhouse of Baltimore County, MD, LLC	Kentucky limited liability company
Texas Roadhouse of Bakersfield, LLC	Kentucky limited liability company
Texas Roadhouse of Baytown, TX, LLC	Kentucky limited liability company
Texas Roadhouse of Carroll County, MD, LLC	Kentucky limited liability company
Texas Roadhouse of Corona, CA LLC	Kentucky limited liability company
Texas Roadhouse of Fort Myers, FL, LLC	Kentucky limited liability company
Texas Roadhouse of Gilbert, AZ, LLC	Kentucky limited liability company
Texas Roadhouse of Hendersonville, de Novo, LLC	Kentucky limited liability company
Texas Roadhouse of Howard County, MD, LLC	Kentucky limited liability company
Texas Roadhouse of Huber Heights, LLC	Kentucky limited liability company
Texas Roadhouse of Jacksonville, NC, LLC	Kentucky limited liability company
Texas Roadhouse of Lancaster OH, LLC	Kentucky limited liability company
Texas Roadhouse of Lexington, KY, II, LLC	Kentucky limited liability company
Texas Roadhouse of Mansfield, Ltd.	Kentucky limited partnership
Texas Roadhouse of Menifee, CA, LLC	Kentucky limited liability company
Texas Roadhouse of Orange Park, LLC	Kentucky limited liability company
Texas Roadhouse of Parker, LLC	Kentucky limited liability company
Texas Roadhouse of Richmond, LLC	Kentucky limited liability company
Texas Roadhouse of Stillwater, OK, LLC	Kentucky limited liability company
Texas Roadhouse of Valdosta, LLC	Kentucky limited liability company
Texas Roadhouse of Warwick, LLC	Kentucky limited liability company
Texas Roadhouse of Wicomico County, MD, LLC	Kentucky limited liability company

EX-23.1

Exhibit 23.1

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

We consent to the incorporation by reference in the registration statements (Nos. 333-121241, 333-188683 and 333-256205) on Form S-8 of our reports dated February 24, 2023, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and subsidiaries and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ KPMG LLP

Louisville, Kentucky

February 24, 2023

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF SARBANES-OXLEY ACT

I, Gerald L. Morgan, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this report on Form 10-K of Texas Roadhouse, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of the annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

6
Date: February 24, 2023	By:	/s/ GERALD L. MORGAN
		Gerald L. Morgan
		Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF SARBANES-OXLEY ACT

I, Keith V. Humpich, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this report on Form 10-K of Texas Roadhouse, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of the annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

6
Date: February 24, 2023	By:	/s/ KEITH V. HUMPICH
		Keith V. Humpich
		Interim Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

I, Gerald L. Morgan, Chief Executive Officer of Texas Roadhouse, Inc. (the “Company”), certify, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, that:

(1)The Annual Report on Form 10-K of the Company for the fiscal year ended December 27, 2022 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

6
Date: February 24, 2023	By:	/s/ GERALD L. MORGAN
		Gerald L. Morgan
		Chief Executive Officer

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

I, Keith V. Humpich, Interim Chief Financial Officer of Texas Roadhouse, Inc. (the “Company”), certify, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, that:

(1)The Annual Report on Form 10-K of the Company for the fiscal year ended December 27, 2022 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

6
Date: February 24, 2023	By:	/s/ KEITH V. HUMPICH
		Keith V. Humpich
		Interim Chief Financial Officer

XML

Document and Entity Information - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 27, 2022	Feb. 15, 2023	Jun. 28, 2022
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-K
Document Annual Report	true
Document Period End Date	Dec. 27, 2022
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	000-50972
Entity Registrant Name	Texas Roadhouse, Inc.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	20-1083890
Entity Address, Address Line One	6040 Dutchmans Lane
Entity Address, City or Town	Louisville
Entity Address, State or Province	KY
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	40205
City Area Code	502
Local Phone Number	426-9984
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock
Trading Symbol	TXRH
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 6,682,564,289
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		67,017,505
Entity Central Index Key	0001289460
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-27
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2022
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Amendment Flag	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	true
Auditor Name	KPMG LLP
Auditor Firm ID	185
Auditor Location	Louisville, Kentucky

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 27, 2022	Dec. 28, 2021
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 173,861	$ 335,645
Receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $50 at December 27, 2022 and $17 at December 28, 2021	150,264	161,358
Inventories, net	38,015	31,595
Prepaid income taxes	5,097	10,701
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	29,604	24,226
Total current assets	396,841	563,525
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $968,036 at December 27, 2022 and $869,375 at December 28, 2021	1,270,349	1,162,441
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net	630,258	578,413
Goodwill	148,732	127,001
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $17,905 at December 27, 2022 and $15,092 at December 28, 2021	5,607	1,520
Other assets	73,878	79,052
Total assets	2,525,665	2,511,952
Current liabilities:
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	25,490	21,952
Accounts payable	105,560	95,234
Deferred revenue-gift cards	335,403	300,657
Accrued wages and payroll taxes	54,544	64,716
Income taxes payable	434	85
Accrued taxes and licenses	35,264	33,375
Other accrued liabilities	95,315	86,125
Total current liabilities	652,010	602,144
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	677,874	622,892
Long-term debt	50,000	100,000
Restricted stock and other deposits	7,979	8,027
Deferred tax liabilities, net	20,979	11,734
Other liabilities	89,161	93,671
Total liabilities	1,498,003	1,438,468
Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and subsidiaries stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock ($0.001 par value, 1,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued or outstanding)
Common stock ($0.001 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 66,973,311 and 69,382,418 shares issued and outstanding at December 27, 2022 and December 28, 2021, respectively)	67	69
Additional paid-in-capital	13,139	114,504
Retained earnings	999,432	943,551
Total Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and subsidiaries stockholders' equity	1,012,638	1,058,124
Noncontrolling interests	15,024	15,360
Total equity	1,027,662	1,073,484
Total liabilities and equity	$ 2,525,665	$ 2,511,952

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 27, 2022	Dec. 28, 2021
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Receivables, allowance for doubtful accounts (in dollars)	$ 50	$ 17
Property and equipment, accumulated depreciation (in dollars)	968,036	869,375
Intangible assets, accumulated amortization (in dollars)	$ 17,905	$ 15,092
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	1,000,000	1,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	66,973,311	69,382,418
Common stock, shares outstanding	66,973,311	69,382,418

XML

Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 27, 2022	Dec. 28, 2021	Dec. 29, 2020
Revenue:
Total revenue	$ 4,014,919	$ 3,463,946	$ 2,398,123
Restaurant operating costs (excluding depreciation and amortization shown separately below):
Food and beverage	1,378,192	1,156,628	780,646
Labor	1,319,959	1,123,003	875,764
Rent	66,834	60,005	54,401
Other operating	596,305	517,808	403,726
Pre-opening	21,883	24,335	20,099
Depreciation and amortization	137,237	126,761	117,877
Impairment and closure, net	1,600	734	2,263
General and administrative	172,712	157,480	119,503
Total costs and expenses	3,694,722	3,166,754	2,374,279
Income from operations	320,197	297,192	23,844
Interest expense, net	124	3,663	4,091
Equity income (loss) from investments in unconsolidated affiliates	1,239	(637)	(500)
Income before taxes	321,312	292,892	19,253
Income tax expense (benefit)	43,715	39,578	(15,672)
Net income including noncontrolling interests	277,597	253,314	34,925
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	7,779	8,020	3,670
Net income attributable to Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and subsidiaries	269,818	245,294	31,255
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax of $-, ($36) and ($40), respectively		106	119
Total comprehensive income	$ 269,818	$ 245,400	$ 31,374
Net income per common share attributable to Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and subsidiaries:
Basic	$ 3.99	$ 3.52	$ 0.45
Diluted	$ 3.97	$ 3.50	$ 0.45
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic	67,643	69,709	69,438
Diluted	67,920	70,098	69,893
Cash dividends declared per share	$ 1.84	$ 1.20	$ 0.36
Restaurant and other sales
Revenue:
Total revenue	$ 3,988,791	$ 3,439,176	$ 2,380,177
Franchise royalties and fees
Revenue:
Total revenue	$ 26,128	$ 24,770	$ 17,946

XML

Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 28, 2021	Dec. 29, 2020
Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income
Foreign currency translation adjustment, tax/(benefit)	$ 36	$ 40

XML

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and Subsidiaries	Common Stock	Additional Paid in Capital	Retained Earnings	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	Noncontrolling Interests	Total
Balance at Dec. 31, 2019	$ 915,994	$ 69	$ 140,501	$ 775,649	$ (225)	$ 15,175	$ 931,169
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2019		69,400,252
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Net income	31,255			31,255		3,670	34,925
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	119				119		119
Noncontrolling interests contribution						133	133
Distributions to noncontrolling interest holders						(3,432)	(3,432)
Dividends declared	(24,989)			(24,989)			(24,989)
Shares issued under share-based compensation plans including tax effects		$ 1	(1)
Shares issued under share-based compensation plans including tax effects (in shares)		615,181
Indirect repurchase of shares for minimum tax withholdings	(11,684)		(11,684)				(11,684)
Indirect repurchase of shares for minimum tax withholdings (in shares)		(201,163)
Repurchase of shares of common stock	(12,621)		(12,621)				(12,621)
Repurchase of shares of common stock (in shares)		(252,409)
Share-based compensation	29,431		29,431				29,431
Balance at Dec. 29, 2020	927,505	$ 70	145,626	781,915	(106)	15,546	943,051
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 29, 2020		69,561,861
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Net income	245,294			245,294		8,020	253,314
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	106				$ 106		106
Distributions to noncontrolling interest holders						(8,206)	(8,206)
Dividends declared	(83,658)			(83,658)			(83,658)
Shares issued under share-based compensation plans including tax effects (in shares)		595,534
Indirect repurchase of shares for minimum tax withholdings	(17,628)		(17,628)				(17,628)
Indirect repurchase of shares for minimum tax withholdings (in shares)		(190,045)
Repurchase of shares of common stock	(51,634)	$ (1)	(51,633)				$ (51,634)
Repurchase of shares of common stock (in shares)		(584,932)					(584,932)
Share-based compensation	38,139		38,139				$ 38,139
Balance at Dec. 28, 2021	1,058,124	$ 69	114,504	943,551		15,360	$ 1,073,484
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 28, 2021		69,382,418					69,382,418
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Net income	269,818			269,818		7,779	$ 277,597
Distributions to noncontrolling interest holders						(7,775)	(7,775)
Acquisition of noncontrolling interest	(1,395)		(1,395)			(340)	(1,735)
Dividends declared	(124,137)			(124,137)			(124,137)
Shares issued under share-based compensation plans including tax effects (in shares)		474,771
Indirect repurchase of shares for minimum tax withholdings	(13,576)		(13,576)				(13,576)
Indirect repurchase of shares for minimum tax withholdings (in shares)		(149,873)
Repurchase of shares of common stock	(212,859)	$ (2)	(123,057)	(89,800)			$ (212,859)
Repurchase of shares of common stock (in shares)		(2,734,005)					(2,734,005)
Share-based compensation	36,663		36,663				$ 36,663
Balance at Dec. 27, 2022	$ 1,012,638	$ 67	$ 13,139	$ 999,432		$ 15,024	$ 1,027,662
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 27, 2022		66,973,311					66,973,311

XML

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 27, 2022	Dec. 28, 2021	Dec. 29, 2020
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity
Dividends declared (in dollars per share)	$ 1.84	$ 1.20	$ 0.36

XML

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 27, 2022	Dec. 28, 2021	Dec. 29, 2020
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income including noncontrolling interests	$ 277,597	$ 253,314	$ 34,925
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	137,237	126,761	117,877
Deferred income taxes	9,456	8,896	(19,932)
Loss on disposition of assets	5,206	3,167	3,144
Impairment and closure costs	1,770	673	2,290
Equity (income) loss from investments in unconsolidated affiliates	(1,239)	637	500
Distributions of income received from investments in unconsolidated affiliates	1,022	1,071	329
Provision for doubtful accounts	33	7	(1)
Share-based compensation expense	36,663	38,139	29,431
Changes in operating working capital:
Receivables	11,062	(62,399)	1,058
Inventories	(6,099)	(9,231)	(2,017)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(6,540)	(2,485)	(2,133)
Other assets	5,775	(13,918)	(12,698)
Accounts payable	5,408	27,730	490
Deferred revenue-gift cards	33,799	67,845	23,458
Accrued wages and payroll taxes	(10,172)	12,734	12,283
Prepaid income taxes and income taxes payable	5,953	(8,973)	372
Accrued taxes and licenses	1,889	8,624	(5,700)
Other accrued liabilities	2,147	20,352	4,099
Operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities	5,268	5,553	4,635
Other liabilities	(4,510)	(9,671)	38,028
Net cash provided by operating activities	511,725	468,826	230,438
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures-property and equipment	(246,121)	(200,692)	(154,401)
Acquisition of franchise restaurants, net of cash acquired	(33,069)		(10,580)
Proceeds from sale of investment in unconsolidated affiliate	316
Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment	2,269		1,709
Proceeds from sale leaseback transactions	12,871	5,588	2,167
Net cash used in investing activities	(263,734)	(195,104)	(161,105)
Cash flows from financing activities:
(Payments on) proceeds from revolving credit facility, net	(50,000)	(140,000)	240,000
Debt issuance costs		(708)	(641)
Proceeds from noncontrolling interest contribution			133
Distributions to noncontrolling interest holders	(7,775)	(8,206)	(3,432)
Acquisition of noncontrolling interest	(1,735)
Proceeds from (payments on) restricted stock and other deposits, net	307	602	(823)
Indirect repurchase of shares for minimum tax withholdings	(13,576)	(17,628)	(11,684)
Repurchase of shares of common stock	(212,859)	(51,634)	(12,621)
Dividends paid to shareholders	(124,137)	(83,658)	(24,989)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(409,775)	(301,232)	185,943
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(161,784)	(27,510)	255,276
Cash and cash equivalents-beginning of period	335,645	363,155	107,879
Cash and cash equivalents-end of period	173,861	335,645	363,155
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Interest paid, net of amounts capitalized	1,547	3,186	3,890
Income taxes paid	25,910	39,789	3,776
Capital expenditures included in current liabilities	$ 34,689	$ 23,087	$ 14,808

XML

Description of Business

12 Months Ended

Dec. 27, 2022

Description of Business

Description of Business

(1) Description of Business

Texas Roadhouse, Inc. (collectively, the "Company," "we," "our" and/or "us"), is a growing restaurant company operating predominately in the casual dining segment. Our late founder, W. Kent Taylor, started the business in 1993 with the opening of the first Texas Roadhouse restaurant in Clarksville, Indiana.

As of December 27, 2022, we owned and operated 597 restaurants and franchised an additional 100 restaurants in 49 states and ten foreign countries. Of the 597 company restaurants that were operating at December 27, 2022, 577 were wholly-owned and 20 were majority-owned and we operated 552 as Texas Roadhouse restaurants, 40 as Bubba’s 33 restaurants and five as Jaggers restaurants. Of the 100 franchise restaurants, 62 were domestic and 38 were international restaurants, all of which were operated as Texas Roadhouse restaurants.

As of December 28, 2021, we owned and operated 566 restaurants and franchised an additional 101 restaurants in 49 states and ten foreign countries. Of the 566 company restaurants that were operating at December 28, 2021, 546 were wholly-owned and 20 were majority-owned and we operated 526 as Texas Roadhouse restaurants, 36 as Bubba’s 33 restaurants and four as Jaggers restaurants. Of the 101 franchise restaurants, 70 were domestic and 31 were international restaurants, all of which were operated as Texas Roadhouse restaurants.

Risks and Uncertainties

The Company has been subject to risks and uncertainties as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic (the "pandemic"). These include federal, state and local restrictions on restaurants, some of which limited capacity or seating in dining rooms while others allowed to-go or curbside service only. In 2022, all of our domestic company and franchise restaurants operated without restriction. In 2021 and 2020, all of our domestic company and franchise restaurants operated under various forms of capacity restrictions, which included outdoor and/or to-go or curbside service only.

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 27, 2022

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

(a) Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements present the financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the Company and its majority-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

As of December 27, 2022 and December 28, 2021, we had majority ownership in 20 restaurants. The portion of income attributable to noncontrolling interests in these restaurants is reflected in the line item entitled "Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests" in our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

As of December 27, 2022 and December 28, 2021, we owned a 5.0% to 10.0% equity interest in 23 and 24 restaurants, respectively. Additionally, as of December 28, 2021, we owned a 40% interest in four non-Texas Roadhouse restaurants in China that was fully impaired in 2021. The unconsolidated restaurants are accounted for using the equity method. Our investments in these unconsolidated affiliates are included in other assets in our consolidated balance sheets, and we record our percentage share of net income earned by these unconsolidated affiliates in our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income under equity income (loss) from investments in unconsolidated affiliates.

(b) Fiscal Year

We utilize a 52 or 53 week accounting period that typically ends on the last Tuesday in December. We utilize a 13 week accounting period for quarterly reporting purposes, except in years containing 53 weeks when the fourth quarter contains 14 weeks. Fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020 were 52 weeks in length.

(c) Use of Estimates

We have made a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reporting of revenue and expenses during the period to prepare these consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the carrying amount of property and equipment, goodwill, obligations related to insurance reserves, leases and leasehold improvements, legal reserves, gift card breakage and third-party fees and income taxes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

(d) Segment Reporting

Operating segments are defined as components of a company that engage in business activities from which it may earn revenue and incur expenses, and for which separate financial information is available and is regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), to assess the performance of the individual segments and make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segments. The Company’s operating segments have been identified in accordance with the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") ASC 280, Segment Reporting.

We have identified Texas Roadhouse, Bubba’s 33, Jaggers and our retail initiatives as separate operating segments. In addition, we have identified Texas Roadhouse and Bubba’s 33 as reportable segments. For further discussion of segment reporting, refer to Note 19.

(e) Cash and Cash Equivalents

We consider all highly liquid debt instruments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents also include receivables from credit card companies as these balances are highly liquid in nature and are settled within two to three business days. These amounted to $22.0 million and $26.4 million at December 27, 2022 and December 28, 2021, respectively.

(f) Receivables

Receivables consist principally of amounts due from retail gift card providers, certain franchise restaurants for reimbursement of labor costs, pre-opening and other expenses, and franchise restaurants for royalty fees.

Receivables are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The allowance for doubtful accounts is our best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in our existing accounts receivable. We determine the allowance based on historical collection experience and the age of receivables. We review our allowance for doubtful accounts quarterly. Past due balances over 120 days are reviewed individually for collectability. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote.

(g) Inventories

Inventories, consisting principally of food, beverages and supplies, are valued at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or net realizable value.

(h) Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Expenditures for major renewals and betterments are capitalized while expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Depreciation is computed on property and equipment, including assets located on leased properties, over the shorter of the estimated useful lives of the related assets or the underlying lease term using the straight-line method. In most cases, assets on

leased properties are depreciated over a period of time which includes both the initial term of the lease and one or more option periods. Refer to Note 2(i) for further discussion of leases.

The estimated useful lives are:

Land improvements	10 - 25 years
Buildings and leasehold improvements	10 - 25 years
Furniture, fixtures and equipment	3 - 10 years

The cost of purchasing transferable liquor licenses through open markets in jurisdictions with a limited number of authorized liquor licenses are capitalized as indefinite-lived assets and included in Property and equipment, net.

(i) Leases

We recognize operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities for real estate leases, including our restaurant leases and Support Center lease, as well as certain restaurant equipment leases based on the present value of the lease payments over the lease term. We estimate the present value based on our incremental borrowing rate which corresponds to the underlying lease term. In addition, operating lease right-of-use assets are reduced for accrued rent and increased for any initial direct costs recognized at lease inception. For real estate and restaurant equipment leases commencing in 2019 and later, we account for lease and non-lease components as a single lease component.

Certain of our operating leases contain predetermined fixed escalations of the minimum rent over the lease term. For these leases, we recognize the related total rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We may receive rent concessions or leasehold improvement incentives upon opening a restaurant that is subject to a lease which we consider when determining straight-line rent expense. We also may receive rent holidays, which would begin on the possession date and end when the store opens, during which no cash rent payments are typically due under the terms of the lease. Rent holidays are included in the lease term when determining straight-line rent expense. In recognizing straight-line rent expense, we record the difference between amounts charged to operations and amounts paid as accrued rent.

Certain of our operating leases contain clauses that provide for additional contingent rent based on a percentage of sales greater than certain specified target amounts. We recognize contingent rent expense prior to the achievement of the specified target that triggers the contingent rent, provided achievement of the target is considered probable. In addition, certain of our operating leases have variable escalations of the minimum rent that depend on an index or rate. For these leases, we recognize operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities based on the index or rate at the commencement date. Any subsequent changes to the index or rate are recognized as variable rent expense when the escalation is determinable.

Sale-leasebacks are transactions through which we sell previously acquired land at fair value and subsequently enter into a lease agreement on the same land. The resulting lease agreement is evaluated to determine classification as an operating or finance lease and is recorded based on the lease classification. Refer to Note 8 for further discussion of leases. 

(j) Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of cost over fair value of assets of businesses acquired. In accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other ("ASC 350"), goodwill is not subject to amortization and is evaluated for impairment on an annual basis, or sooner if an event or other circumstance indicates that goodwill may be impaired.  The annual assessment date is the first day of our fourth quarter. 

ASC 350 requires that goodwill be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level, or the level of internal reporting that reflects the way in which an entity manages its businesses. A reporting unit is defined as an operating segment, or one level below an operating segment. Historically, we designated our operating segment and reporting unit to be at the

same level which we defined to be the individual restaurant. In 2021, we changed the designation of our operating segment and reporting unit to be at the concept level. As a result of this change, in 2021, we performed the goodwill impairment analysis at both the individual restaurant and concept level to substantiate that our goodwill was not impaired under either reporting unit definition.  In 2022, we performed the goodwill impairment analysis at the concept level.

As stated in ASC 350, an entity may first assess qualitative factors in order to determine if it is necessary to perform the quantitative test. In 2022 and 2021, we elected to perform a qualitative assessment for our annual review of goodwill. This review included evaluating factors such as macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors, changes in management or key personnel, sustained decreases in share price and the overall financial performance of the Company’s reporting units at the concept level. As a result of the qualitative assessment, no indicators of impairment were identified, and no additional indicators of impairment were identified through the end of the fourth quarter that would require additional testing.

In 2022 and 2021, we determined there was no goodwill impairment. In 2020, as a result of our annual goodwill impairment analysis, we recorded goodwill impairment of $1.1 million. Refer to Note 7 for additional information related to goodwill and intangible assets.

(k) Other Assets

Other assets consist primarily of deferred compensation plan assets, investments in unconsolidated affiliates and deposits. For further discussion of the deferred compensation plan, refer to Note 15 and Note 16.

(l) Impairment or Disposal of Long-lived Assets

In accordance with ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, long-lived assets related to each restaurant to be held and used in the business, such as property and equipment, operating lease right-of-use assets and intangible assets subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of a restaurant may not be recoverable. For the purposes of this evaluation, we define the asset group at the individual restaurant level. When we evaluate the restaurants, cash flows are the primary indicator of impairment.

Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of the restaurant to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the restaurant. Under our policies, trailing 12- month cash flow results under a predetermined amount at the individual restaurant level signals potential impairment. In our evaluation of restaurants that do not meet the cash flow threshold, we estimate future undiscounted cash flows from operating the restaurant over its estimated useful life, which can be for a period of over 20 years. In the estimation of future cash flows, we consider the period of time the restaurant has been open, the trend of operations over such period and future periods and expectations of future sales growth. Assumptions about important factors such as the trend of future operations and sales growth are limited to those that are supportable based upon the plans for the restaurant and actual results at comparable restaurants.

If the carrying amount of the restaurant exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value of the assets. We generally measure fair value by discounting estimated future cash flows. When fair value is measured by discounting estimated future cash flows, the assumptions used are consistent with what we believe hypothetical market participants would use. We also use a discount rate that is commensurate with the risk inherent in the projected cash flows. The adjusted carrying amounts of assets to be held and used are depreciated over their remaining useful life. Refer to Note 17 for further discussion of amounts recorded as part of our impairment analysis.

(m) Insurance Reserves

We self-insure a significant portion of expected losses under our health, workers’ compensation, general liability, employment practices liability, and property insurance programs. We purchase insurance for individual claims that exceed the retention amounts listed below:

	December 27, 2022	December 28, 2021
Employment practices liability ("EPL")	$500,000	$500,000
EPL Class Action	$2,500,000	$2,500,000
Workers' compensation	$350,000	$350,000
General liability	$2,500,000	$1,000,000
Property	$250,000	$250,000
Employee healthcare	$400,000	$400,000

We record a liability for unresolved claims and for an estimate of incurred but not reported claims based on historical experience. The estimated liability is based on a number of assumptions and factors regarding economic conditions, the frequency and severity of claims and claim development history and settlement practices. Our assumptions are reviewed, monitored, and adjusted when warranted by changing circumstances.

(n) Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which requires an entity to allocate the transaction price received from customers to each separate and distinct performance obligation and recognize revenue as these performance obligations are satisfied.  We recognize revenue from company restaurant sales when food and beverage products are sold. Restaurant sales include gross food and beverage sales, net of promotions and discounts, for all company restaurants. Sales taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are accounted for on a net basis and therefore are excluded from restaurant sales in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

We record deferred revenue for gift cards that have been sold but not yet redeemed. When the gift cards are redeemed, we recognize restaurant sales and reduce deferred revenue. For some of the gift cards that are sold we have determined that, based on our historic gift card redemption patterns, the likelihood of redemption is remote. For these gift cards, we record a breakage adjustment and reduce deferred revenue by the amount never expected to be redeemed. We use historic gift card redemption patterns to determine the breakage rate to utilize and recognize the expected breakage amount in a manner generally consistent with the actual redemption pattern of the associated gift card. We review the breakage rate on an annual basis, or sooner if circumstances indicate that the rate may have significantly changed and update the rate accordingly as needed. In addition, we incur fees on all gift cards that are sold through third-party retailers. These fees are also deferred and generally recorded consistent with the actual redemption pattern of the associated gift cards.

We also recognize revenue from our franchising of Texas Roadhouse restaurants. This includes franchise royalties and domestic marketing and advertising fees, initial and upfront franchise fees, domestic and international development agreements and supervisory and administrative service fees. We recognize franchise royalties and domestic marketing and advertising fees as franchise restaurant sales occur. For initial and upfront franchise fees and fees from development agreements, because the services we provide related to these fees do not contain separate and distinct performance obligations from the franchise right, these fees are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the associated franchise agreement. We recognize fees from supervision and administrative services as incurred.

(o) Income Taxes

We account for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes, under which deferred assets and liabilities are recognized based upon anticipated future tax consequences attributable to differences between financial statement carrying values of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. We recognize both interest and penalties on unrecognized tax benefits as part of income tax expense. A valuation allowance is established to reduce the carrying value of deferred tax assets if it is considered more likely than not that such assets will not be realized. Any change in the valuation allowance would be charged to income in the period such determination was made. For all years presented, no valuation allowances have been recorded.

(p) Advertising

We have a domestic system-wide marketing and advertising fund. We maintain control of the marketing and advertising fund and, as such, have consolidated the fund’s activity for all the years presented. Domestic company and franchise restaurants are required to remit a designated portion of sales to the advertising fund. Advertising contributions related to company restaurants are recorded as a component of other operating costs. Advertising contributions received from our franchisees are recorded as a component of franchise royalties and fees in our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

Other costs related to local restaurant area marketing initiatives are included in other operating costs in our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. These costs and the company restaurant contribution amounted to $25.0 million, $21.1 million and $13.8 million for the years ended December 27, 2022, December 28, 2021 and December 29, 2020, respectively.

(q) Pre-opening Expenses

Pre-opening expenses, which are charged to operations as incurred, consist of expenses incurred before the opening of a new or relocated restaurant and are comprised principally of opening team and training team compensation and benefits, travel expenses, rent, food, beverage and other initial supplies and expenses.

(r) Comprehensive Income

ASC 220, Comprehensive Income, establishes standards for reporting and the presentation of comprehensive income and its components in a full set of financial statements. Comprehensive income consists of net income and foreign currency translation adjustments which are excluded from net income under GAAP. Foreign currency translation adjustment represents the unrealized impact of translating the financial statements of our foreign investment.

(s) Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as the price that we would receive to sell an asset or pay to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. This includes a three-level hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs in measuring fair value. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability on the measurement date.

Level 1	Inputs based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets.
Level 2	Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the assets, either directly or indirectly.
Level 3	Inputs that are unobservable for the asset.

Fair value measurements are separately disclosed by level within the fair value hierarchy. Refer to Note 16 for further discussion of fair value measurement.

(t) Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Reference Rate Reform

In March 2020, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, which provides temporary optional expedients and exceptions to the current guidance on contract modifications and hedge accounting. These changes are intended to simplify the market transition from the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates. In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848 which defers the sunset date of Topic 848 from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2024. We do not anticipate that the adoption of this standard will have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.

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Revenue

12 Months Ended

Dec. 27, 2022

Revenue

Revenue

(3) Revenue

The following table disaggregates our revenue by major source:

	Fiscal Year Ended
	December 27, 2022		December 28, 2021		December 29, 2020
Restaurant and other sales	$	3,988,791	$	3,439,176	$	2,380,177
Franchise royalties		23,058		21,770		15,542
Franchise fees		3,070		3,000		2,404
Total revenue	$	4,014,919	$	3,463,946	$	2,398,123

The following table presents a rollforward of deferred revenue-gift cards:

	December 27, 2022		December 28, 2021
Beginning balance	$	300,657	$	232,812
Gift card activations, net		366,606		319,698
Gift card redemptions and breakage		(331,860)		(251,853)
Ending balance		335,403		300,657

We recognized restaurant sales of $190.5 million for the year ended December 27, 2022 related to the amount in deferred revenue as of December 28, 2021. We recognized restaurant sales of $140.1 million for the year ended December 28, 2021 related to the amount in deferred revenue as of December 29, 2020.

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Acquisitions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 27, 2022

Acquisitions

Acquisitions

(4) Acquisitions

On March 30, 2022, we completed the acquisition of one franchise Texas Roadhouse restaurant located in Nebraska in which we previously held a 5.49% equity interest. Pursuant to the terms of the acquisition agreement, we paid a total purchase price of $6.6 million, net of cash acquired for 100% of the entity. The transaction was accounted for as a step acquisition and we recorded a gain of $0.3 million on our previous investment in equity income from investments in unconsolidated affiliates in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

Additionally, on December 29, 2021, we completed the acquisition of seven franchise Texas Roadhouse restaurants located in South Carolina and Georgia. Pursuant to the terms of the acquisition agreements, we paid a total purchase price of $26.4 million, net of cash acquired.

These transactions were accounted for using the acquisition method as defined in ASC 805, Business Combinations. These acquisitions are consistent with our long-term strategy to increase net income and earnings per share.

The following table summarizes the consideration paid (in thousands) for the acquisitions, and the estimated fair value of the assets acquired, and the liabilities assumed at the acquisition date, which are adjusted for measurement-period adjustments through December 27, 2022.

Inventory	$	321
Other assets		222
Property and equipment		4,841
Operating lease right-of-use assets		1,221
Goodwill		21,731
Intangible assets		6,900
Deferred revenue-gift cards		(947)
Current portion of operating lease liabilities		(47)
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion		(1,173)
	$	33,069

The aggregate purchase prices are preliminary as the Company is finalizing working capital adjustments. Intangible assets represent reacquired franchise rights which will be amortized over a weighted-average useful life of 3.5 years. We expect all of the goodwill and intangible asset amortization will be deductible for tax purposes and believe the resulting amount of goodwill reflects the benefit of sales and unit growth opportunities as well as the benefit of the assembled workforce of the acquired restaurants.

Pro forma operating results for the year ended December 27, 2022 have not been presented as the results of the acquired restaurants are not material to our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

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Long-term Debt

12 Months Ended

Dec. 27, 2022

Long-term Debt

Long-term Debt

(5) Long-term Debt

 On May 4, 2021, we entered into an agreement to amend our revolving credit facility with a syndicate of commercial lenders led by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and PNC Bank, N.A. The amended revolving credit facility remains an unsecured, revolving credit agreement and has a borrowing capacity of up to $300.0 million with the option to increase by an additional $200.0 million subject to certain limitations, including approval by the syndicate of lenders. The amendment also extended the maturity date to May 1, 2026. Prior to the amendment, our original revolving credit facility had a borrowing capacity of up to $200.0 million with the option to increase by an additional $200.0 million subject to certain limitations, including approval by the syndicate of lenders.

The terms of the amendment require us to pay interest on outstanding borrowings at LIBOR plus a margin of 0.875% to 1.875% and pay a commitment fee of 0.125% to 0.30% per year on any unused portion of the amended revolving credit facility, in each case depending on our leverage ratio. The agreement also provides an Alternate Base Rate that may be substituted for LIBOR.

As of December 27, 2022, we had $50.0 million outstanding on the amended revolving credit facility and $233.5 million of availability, net of $16.5 million of outstanding letters of credit. As of December 28, 2021, we had $100.0 million outstanding on the amended revolving credit facility and $189.1 million of availability, net of $10.9 million of outstanding letters of credit. These outstanding amounts are included as long-term debt on our consolidated balance sheets.

The interest rate for the $50.0 million outstanding as of December 27, 2022 was 5.21%. The interest rate for the $100.0 million outstanding as of December 28, 2021 was 0.98%.

The lenders’ obligation to extend credit pursuant to the amended revolving credit facility depends on us maintaining certain financial covenants. We were in compliance with all financial covenants as of December 27, 2022 and December 28, 2021.

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Property and Equipment, Net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 27, 2022

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and Equipment, Net

(6) Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment were as follows:

	December 27,		December 28,
	2022		2021
Land and improvements	$	148,220	$	144,182
Buildings and leasehold improvements		1,206,930		1,092,776
Furniture, fixtures and equipment		797,058		732,160
Construction in progress		73,639		50,809
Liquor licenses		12,538		11,889
		2,238,385		2,031,816
Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(968,036)		(869,375)
	$	1,270,349	$	1,162,441

For the years ended December 27, 2022, December 28, 2021 and December 29, 2020, the amount of interest capitalized in connection with restaurant construction was $1.3 million, $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively.

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Goodwill and Intangible Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 27, 2022

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

(7) Goodwill and Intangible Assets

All of our goodwill and intangible assets reside within the Texas Roadhouse reportable segment. The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill and intangible assets are as follows:

	Goodwill		Intangible Assets
Balance as of December 29, 2020 (1)	$	127,001	$	2,271
Additions		—		—
Amortization expense		—		(751)
Disposals and other, net		—		—
Impairment		—		—
Balance as of December 28, 2021	$	127,001	$	1,520
Additions		21,731		6,900
Amortization expense		—		(2,813)
Disposals and other, net		—		—
Impairment		—		—
Balance as of December 27, 2022	$	148,732	$	5,607

(1) Net of $5.9 million of accumulated goodwill impairment losses.

Intangible assets consist of reacquired franchise rights. The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of the intangible assets at December 27, 2022 were $23.5 million and $17.9 million, respectively. As of December 28, 2021, the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of the intangible assets were $16.6 million and $15.1 million, respectively. We amortize reacquired franchise rights on a straight-line basis over the remaining term of the franchise operating agreements, which varies by franchise agreement. Amortization expense for the next four years is expected to range from $0.1 million to $2.6 million. Refer to Note 4 for discussion of the acquisitions completed for the year ended December 27, 2022.

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Leases

12 Months Ended

Dec. 27, 2022

Leases

Leases

(8) Leases

We recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for both real estate and equipment leases that have a term in excess of one year. As of December 27, 2022 and December 28, 2021, these amounts were as follows:

	December 27, 2022
	Real estate		Equipment		Total
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	625,164	$	5,094	$	630,258
Current portion of operating lease liabilities		23,803		1,687		25,490
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion		674,468		3,406		677,874
Total operating lease liabilities	$	698,271	$	5,093	$	703,364

	December 28, 2021
	Real estate		Equipment		Total
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	574,356	$	4,057	$	578,413
Current portion of operating lease liabilities		20,577		1,375		21,952
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion		620,210		2,682		622,892
Total operating lease liabilities	$	640,787	$	4,057	$	644,844

Information related to our real estate operating leases as of and for the fiscal year ended December 27, 2022 and December 28, 2021 was as follows:

	Fiscal Year Ended
Real estate costs		December 27, 2022			December 28, 2021
Operating lease	$	68,742		$	62,430
Variable lease		4,393			3,767
Total lease costs	$	73,135		$	66,197
Real estate lease liabilities maturity analysis					December 27, 2022
2023				$	66,675
2024					67,195
2025					65,206
2026					65,081
2027					65,493
Thereafter					861,414
Total				$	1,191,064
Less interest					492,793
Total discounted operating lease liabilities				$	698,271
	Fiscal Year Ended
Real estate leases other information		December 27, 2022			December 28, 2021
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of operating lease liabilities	$	63,269		$	57,040
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	54,666		$	68,921
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)		17.57			17.88
Weighted-average discount rate		6.34	%		6.46	%

Operating lease payments exclude $7.9 million of future minimum lease payments for executed real estate leases of which we have not yet taken possession. In addition to the above operating leases, as of December 27, 2022, we had two finance leases with a right-of-use asset balance and lease liability balance of $2.1 million and $2.7 million, respectively. As of December 28, 2021, we had two finance leases with a right-of-use asset balance and lease liability balance of $2.2 million and $2.7 million, respectively. The right-of-use asset balance is included as a component of other assets and the lease liability balance as a component of other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

In 2022, we entered into four sale leaseback transactions involving land that had recently been acquired. These sales generated proceeds of $12.9 million and no gain or loss was recognized on the transactions. In 2021, we entered into three sale leaseback transactions involving land that had recently been acquired. These sales generated proceeds of $5.6 million and no gain or loss was recognized on the transactions. The resulting operating leases are included in the operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities noted above.

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Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 27, 2022

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

(9) Income Taxes

Components of our income tax expense (benefit) for the years ended December 27, 2022, December 28, 2021 and December 29, 2020 are as follows:

	Fiscal Year Ended
	December 27, 2022		December 28, 2021		December 29, 2020
Current:
Federal	$	15,549	$	16,700	$	(648)
State		18,120		13,539		4,505
Foreign		590		443		403
Total current		34,259		30,682		4,260
Deferred:
Federal		9,664		7,391		(16,859)
State		(208)		1,505		(3,073)
Total deferred		9,456		8,896		(19,932)
Income tax expense (benefit)	$	43,715	$	39,578	$	(15,672)

Our pre-tax income is substantially derived from domestic restaurants.

A reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to our effective tax rate for December 27, 2022, December 28, 2021 and December 29, 2020 is as follows:

	Fiscal Year Ended
	December 27, 2022		December 28, 2021		December 29, 2020
Tax at statutory federal rate	21.0	%	21.0	%	21.0	%
State and local tax, net of federal benefit	3.7		3.8		3.6
FICA tip tax credit	(10.5)		(9.3)		(92.5)
Work opportunity tax credit	(1.3)		(1.2)		(12.4)
Stock compensation	(0.1)		(1.5)		(2.3)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(0.4)		(0.5)		(3.0)
Officers compensation	0.7		1.1		2.6
Other	0.5		0.1		1.6
Total	13.6	%	13.5	%	(81.4)	%

Our effective tax rate increased to 13.6% in 2022 compared to 13.5% in 2021. The increase was primarily due to lower excess tax benefits related to our share-based compensation program partially offset by an increase in the FICA tip tax credit.

Our effective tax rate was 13.5% in 2021 compared to a tax benefit of 81.4% in 2020. The increase was primarily due to the significant increase in pre-tax income. In 2020, our FICA tip and Work opportunity tax credits exceeded our federal tax liability which resulted in a tax rate benefit.

Components of deferred tax liabilities, net are as follows:

	December 27, 2022		December 28, 2021
Deferred tax assets:
Deferred revenue—gift cards	$	29,889	$	24,056
Insurance reserves		6,506		6,407
Deferred payroll taxes		-		5,995
Other reserves		1,060		1,077
Share-based compensation		5,059		6,040
Operating lease liabilities		173,853		160,638
Deferred compensation		17,934		16,233
Tax credit carryforwards		2,740		3,618
Other assets		2,991		2,801
Total deferred tax asset		240,032		226,865
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property and equipment		(82,832)		(75,022)
Goodwill and intangibles		(8,374)		(7,742)
Operating lease right-of-use asset		(155,837)		(144,153)
Other liabilities		(13,968)		(11,682)
Total deferred tax liability		(261,011)		(238,599)
Net deferred tax liability	$	(20,979)	$	(11,734)

As of December 27, 2022 and December 28, 2021, we had tax credit carryforwards of $2.7 million and $3.6 million, respectively, primarily related to FICA tip and Work opportunity tax credit carryforwards that exceeded credit limitations. These federal carryforwards expire in 2042. We expect to generate sufficient earnings in future periods and/or may implement tax planning strategies that would allow us to fully utilize these credits. As such, we have not provided any valuation allowances for these credits, or any of our other deferred tax assets, as their realization is more likely than not.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending liability for unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

Balance at December 29, 2020	$	1,662
Additions to tax positions related to prior years		49
Additions to tax positions related to current year		413
Reductions due to statute expiration		(160)
Reductions due to exam settlement		(436)
Balance at December 28, 2021		1,528
Additions to tax positions related to prior years		1,545
Additions to tax positions related to current year		872
Reductions due to statute expiration		-
Reductions due to exam settlement		(20)
Balance at December 27, 2022	$	3,925

As of December 27, 2022 and December 28, 2021, the amount of unrecognized tax benefits that would impact the effective tax rate if recognized was $2.1 million and $1.5 million, respectively.

As of December 27, 2022 and December 28, 2021, the total amount of accrued penalties and interest related to uncertain tax provisions was recognized as a part of income tax expense and these amounts were not material.

All entities for which unrecognized tax benefits exist as of December 27, 2022 possess a December tax year-end. As a result, as of December 27, 2022, the tax years ended December 28, 2021, December 29, 2020 and December 31, 2019 remain subject to examination by all tax jurisdictions. As of December 27, 2022, no audits were in process by a

tax jurisdiction that, if completed during the next twelve months, would be expected to result in a material change to our unrecognized tax benefits. Additionally, as of December 27, 2022, no event occurred that is likely to result in a significant increase or decrease in the unrecognized tax benefits through December 26, 2023.

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Preferred Stock

12 Months Ended

Dec. 27, 2022

Preferred Stock

Preferred Stock

(10) Preferred Stock

Our Board of Directors (the "Board") is authorized, without further vote or action by the holders of common stock, to issue from time to time up to an aggregate of 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series. Each series of preferred stock will have the number of shares, designations, preferences, voting powers, qualifications and special or relative rights or privileges as shall be determined by the Board, which may include, but are not limited to, dividend rights, voting rights, redemption and sinking fund provisions, liquidation preferences, conversion rights and preemptive rights. There were no shares of preferred stock outstanding at December 27, 2022 and December 28, 2021.

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Stock Repurchase Program

12 Months Ended

Dec. 27, 2022

Stock Repurchase Program

Stock Repurchase Program

(11) Stock Repurchase Program

On March 17, 2022, our Board approved a stock repurchase program under which we may repurchase up to $300.0 million of our common stock. This stock repurchase program has no expiration date and replaced a previous stock repurchase program which was approved on May 31, 2019 that authorized the Company to repurchase up to $250.0 million of our common stock. All repurchases to date under our stock repurchase programs have been made through open market transactions. The timing and the amount of any repurchases are determined by management under parameters established by the Board, based on an evaluation of our stock price, market conditions and other corporate considerations.

For the year ended December 27, 2022, we paid $212.9 million to repurchase 2,734,005 shares of our common stock. This includes $133.1 million repurchased under our current authorized stock repurchase program and $79.7 million repurchased under our prior authorization. For the year ended December 28, 2021, we paid $51.6 million to repurchase 584,932 shares of our common stock. As of December 27, 2022, we had $166.9 million remaining under our authorized stock repurchase program.

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Earnings Per Share

12 Months Ended

Dec. 27, 2022

Earnings Per Share

Earnings Per Share

(12) Earnings Per Share

The share and net income per share data for all periods presented are based on the historical weighted-average shares outstanding. The diluted earnings per share calculations show the effect of the weighted-average restricted stock units outstanding from our equity incentive plans. Performance stock units are not included in the diluted earnings per share calculation until the performance-based criteria have been met. Refer to Note 14 for further discussion of our equity incentive plans. For the years ended December 27, 2022, December 28, 2021, and December 29, 2020, the shares of non-vested stock that were not included because they would have had an anti-dilutive effect were not significant.

The following table sets forth the calculation of earnings per share and weighted average shares outstanding as presented in the accompanying consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income:

	Fiscal Year Ended
	December 27,		December 28,		December 29,
	2022		2021		2020
Net income attributable to Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and subsidiaries	$	269,818	$	245,294	$	31,255
Basic EPS:
Weighted-average common shares outstanding		67,643		69,709		69,438
Basic EPS	$	3.99	$	3.52	$	0.45
Diluted EPS:
Weighted-average common shares outstanding		67,643		69,709		69,438
Dilutive effect of nonvested stock		277		389		455
Shares-diluted		67,920		70,098		69,893
Diluted EPS	$	3.97	$	3.50	$	0.45

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Commitments and Contingencies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 27, 2022

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

(13) Commitments and Contingencies

The estimated cost of completing capital project commitments at December 27, 2022 and December 28, 2021 was $205.7 million and $135.0 million, respectively.

As of December 27, 2022 and December 28, 2021, we are contingently liable for $11.3 million and $12.2 million, respectively, for seven lease guarantees. These amounts represent the maximum potential liability of future payments under the guarantees. In the event of default, the indemnity and default clauses in our assignment agreements govern our ability to pursue and recover damages incurred. No liabilities have been recorded as of December 27, 2022 as the likelihood of default was deemed to be less than probable and the fair value of the guarantees is not considered significant.

During the year ended December 27, 2022, we bought most of our beef from four suppliers. Although there are a limited number of beef suppliers, we believe that other suppliers could provide a similar product on comparable terms. We have no material minimum purchase commitments with our vendors that extend beyond a year.

Occasionally, we are a defendant in litigation arising in the ordinary course of business, including "slip and fall" accidents, employment related claims, claims related to our service of alcohol, and claims from guests or employees alleging illness, injury or food quality, health or operational concerns. None of these types of litigation, most of which are covered by insurance, has had a material effect on us and, as of the date of this report, we are not party to any litigation that we believe could have a material adverse effect on our business.

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Share Based Compensation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 27, 2022

Share Based Compensation

Share Based Compensation

(14) Share-based Compensation

On May 13, 2021, our stockholders approved the Texas Roadhouse, Inc. 2021 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the "Plan"). The Plan provides for the granting of various forms of equity awards including options, stock appreciation rights, full value awards, and performance-based awards. This plan replaced the 2013 Long-Term Incentive Plan and no subsequent awards will be granted under the 2013 plan.

The Company provides restricted stock units ("RSUs") to employees as a form of share-based compensation. A RSU is the conditional right to receive one share of common stock upon satisfaction of the vesting requirement. In addition to RSUs, the Company provides performance stock units ("PSUs") to executives as a form of share-based compensation. A PSU is the conditional right to receive one share of common stock upon meeting a performance obligation along with the satisfaction of the vesting requirement.

The following table summarizes the share-based compensation recorded in the accompanying consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income:

	Fiscal Year Ended
	December 27,		December 28,		December 29,
	2022		2021		2020
Labor expense	$	10,656	$	10,323	$	10,081
General and administrative expense		26,007		27,816		19,350
Total share-based compensation expense	$	36,663	$	38,139	$	29,431

Share-based compensation activity by type of grant as of December 27, 2022 and changes during the period then ended are presented below. We recognize expense for RSUs and PSUs over the vesting term based on the grant date fair value of the award. We do not estimate forfeitures as we record them as they occur.

Summary Details for RSUs

		Weighted-Average		Weighted-Average
		Grant Date Fair		Remaining Contractual	Aggregate
	Shares	Value		Term (years)	Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at December 28, 2021	558,183	$	82.52
Granted	395,859		88.40
Forfeited	(45,207)		84.26
Vested	(413,996)		85.37
Outstanding at December 27, 2022	494,839	$	84.55	0.9	$	47,663

As of December 27, 2022, with respect to unvested RSUs, there was $18.5 million of unrecognized compensation cost that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 0.9 years. The vesting terms of the RSUs range from 1.0 to 5.0 years. The total intrinsic value of RSUs vested during the years ended December 27, 2022, December 28, 2021 and December 29, 2020 was $37.1 million, $54.7 million and $30.5 million, respectively. The excess tax benefit associated with vested RSUs for the years ended December 27, 2022, December 28, 2021 and December 29, 2020 was $0.4 million, $4.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively, which was recognized in the income tax provision.

Summary Details for PSUs

		Weighted-Average		Weighted-Average
		Grant Date Fair		Remaining Contractual	Aggregate
	Shares	Value		Term (years)	Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at December 28, 2021	31,952	$	86.22
Granted	29,600		86.41
Performance shares adjustment (1)	28,074		84.96
Forfeited	—		—
Vested	(60,026)		86.22
Outstanding at December 27, 2022	29,600	$	87.52	0.1	$	2,851

(1) Additional shares from the January 2021 PSU grant that vested in January 2022 due to exceeding the initial 100% target.

We grant PSUs to certain of our executives subject to a one-year vesting and the achievement of certain earnings targets, which determine the number of units to vest at the end of the vesting period. Share-based compensation expense is recognized for the number of units expected to vest at the end of the period and is expensed beginning on the grant date and through the performance period. For each grant, PSUs vest after meeting the performance and service conditions. The total intrinsic value of PSUs vested during the years ended December 27, 2022, December 28, 2021 and December 29, 2020 was $5.4 million, $0.4 million and $5.4 million, respectively.

On January 8, 2023, 31,379 shares vested related to the January 2022 PSU grant and are expected to be distributed during the 13 weeks ending March 28, 2023. As of December 27, 2022, with respect to unvested PSUs, the amount of unrecognized compensation cost that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 0.1 year was not significant. There was no allowable excess tax benefit associated with vested PSUs for the years ended December 27, 2022, December 28, 2021 and December 29, 2020.

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Employee Benefit Plans

12 Months Ended

Dec. 27, 2022

Employee Benefit Plans

Employee Benefit Plans

(15) Employee Benefit Plans

We have a defined contribution benefit plan ("401(k) Plan") that is available to our Support Center employees and managers in our restaurants who meet certain compensation and eligibility requirements. The 401(k) Plan allows participating employees to defer the receipt of a portion of their compensation and contribute such amount to one or more investment options. Beginning in 2022, we implemented a company match of a certain percentage of the employee contributions to the 401(k) Plan. Company contributions totaling $5.4 million and $1.6 million were recorded in labor expense and general and administrative expense, respectively, within the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

We also have a deferred compensation plan which allows highly compensated employees to defer a portion of their compensation and contribute such amounts to one or more investment funds held in a rabbi trust. The Company did not provide any contributions into this plan for any period presented. Refer to Note 16 for further discussion on the fair value measurement of the deferred compensation plan assets and liabilities.

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Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 27, 2022

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

(16) Fair Value Measurement

At December 27, 2022 and December 28, 2021, the fair values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximated their carrying values based on the short-term nature of these instruments. At December 27, 2022 and December 28, 2021, the fair value of our amended revolving credit facility approximated its carrying value since it is a variable rate credit facility (Level 2). There were no transfers among levels within the fair value hierarchy during the year ended December 27, 2022.

The following table presents the fair values for our financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis:

	Fair Value Measurements
	Level	December 27, 2022		December 28, 2021
Deferred compensation plan—assets	1	$	61,835	$	67,512
Deferred compensation plan—liabilities	1	$	(61,668)	$	(67,431)

We report the accounts of the deferred compensation plan in other assets and the corresponding liability in other liabilities in our consolidated financial statements. These investments are considered trading securities and are reported at fair value based on quoted market prices. The realized and unrealized holding gains and losses related to these investments, as well as the offsetting compensation expense, are recorded in general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

The following table presents the fair value of our assets measured on a nonrecurring basis:

	Fair Value Measurements					Total gain (loss)
						Fiscal Year Ended
		December 27,		December 28,		December 27,		December 28,
	Level	2022		2021		2022		2021
Long-lived assets held for sale	3	$	—	$	1,175	$	690	$	(470)
Long-lived assets held for use	3	$	2,000	$	—	$	(997)	$	—
Operating lease right-of-use assets	3	$	—	$	—	$	(708)	$	—
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates	3	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(1,531)

Long-lived assets held for sale include land and building at a site that was relocated and had a carrying amount of $1.2 million as of December 28, 2021. These assets were included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in our consolidated balance sheets and were valued using a Level 3 input. These assets were sold during the fiscal year ended December 27, 2022 and resulted in a gain of $0.7 million which is included in impairment and closure, net in our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. We recorded a loss of $0.5 million related to these assets for the year ended December 28, 2021, which is included in impairment and closure, net in our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

Long-lived assets held for use include the land and building for one underperforming restaurant that was impaired down to fair value in 2022. These assets are valued using a Level 3 input. This impairment, which totaled $1.0 million, is included in impairment and closure costs, net in our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. For further discussion of impairment charges, refer to Note 17.

Operating lease right-of-use assets as of December 27, 2022 includes the lease related asset for two restaurants that were relocated in 2022. These assets were reduced to a fair value of zero in 2022. This resulted in a loss of $0.7 million for the fiscal year ended December 27, 2022, which is included in impairment and closure, net in our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

Investments in unconsolidated affiliates included a 40% equity interest in a joint venture in China which was fully impaired in late 2021. This asset was valued using a Level 3 input, or the amount we expected to receive upon the sale of this investment. This resulted in a loss of $1.5 million for the year ended December 28, 2021, which is included in equity income (loss) from investments in unconsolidated affiliates in our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

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Impairment and Closure Costs

12 Months Ended

Dec. 27, 2022

Impairment and Closure Costs

Impairment and Closure Costs

(17) Impairment and Closure Costs

We recorded impairment and closure costs of $1.6 million, $0.7 million and $2.3 million for the years ended December 27, 2022, December 28, 2021 and December 29, 2020, respectively.

Impairment and closure costs in 2022 included $1.7 million related to the impairment of the land, building and operating lease right-of-use assets at three restaurants, two of which have relocated and $0.6 million related to ongoing closure costs. This was partially offset by a $0.7 million gain on the sale of land and building that was previously classified as assets held for sale.

Impairment and closure costs in 2021 included $0.7 million related to the impairment of the fixed assets and operating lease right-of-use assets at two restaurants, both of which have relocated.

Impairment and closure costs in 2020 included $1.2 million related to the impairment of the fixed assets and operating lease right-of-use assets at four restaurants, all of which have relocated. In addition, in 2020, we recorded goodwill impairment of $1.1 million related to two restaurants.

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Related Party Transactions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 27, 2022

Related Party Transactions

Related Party Transactions

(18) Related Party Transactions

As of December 27, 2022, December 28, 2021 and December 29, 2020, we had four franchise restaurants and one majority-owned company restaurant owned in part by a current officer of the Company. We recognized revenue of $1.8 million, $1.7 million and $0.9 million for the years ended December 27, 2022, December 28, 2021, and December 29, 2020, respectively, related to these restaurants.  

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Segment Information

12 Months Ended

Dec. 27, 2022

Segment Information

Segment Information

(19) Segment Information

We manage our restaurant and franchising operations by concept and as a result have identified Texas Roadhouse, Bubba's 33, Jaggers, and our retail initiatives as separate operating segments. Our reportable segments are Texas Roadhouse and Bubba's 33. The Texas Roadhouse reportable segment includes the results of our domestic company Texas Roadhouse restaurants and domestic and international franchise Texas Roadhouse restaurants. The Bubba's 33 reportable segment includes the results of our domestic company Bubba's 33 restaurants. Our remaining operating segments, which include the results of our domestic company Jaggers restaurants and the results of our retail initiatives, are included in Other. In addition, Corporate-related segment assets, depreciation and amortization, and capital expenditures are also included in Other.

Management uses restaurant margin as the measure for assessing performance of our segments. Restaurant margin (in dollars and as a percentage of restaurant and other sales) represents restaurant and other sales less restaurant-level operating costs, including food and beverage costs, labor, rent and other operating costs. Restaurant margin also includes sales and operating costs related to our non-royalty based retail initiatives. Restaurant margin is used by our CODM to evaluate core restaurant-level operating efficiency and performance over various reporting periods on a consistent basis.

In calculating restaurant margin, we exclude certain non-restaurant-level costs that support operations, including general and administrative expenses, but do not have a direct impact on restaurant-level operational efficiency and performance. We exclude pre-opening expense as it occurs at irregular intervals and would impact comparability to prior period results. We exclude depreciation and amortization expense, substantially all of which relates to restaurant-level assets, as it represents a non-cash charge for the investment in our restaurants. We also exclude impairment and closure expense as we believe this provides a clearer perspective of the Company’s ongoing operating performance and a more useful comparison to prior period results. Restaurant margin as presented may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies in our industry.

Restaurant and other sales for all operating segments are derived primarily from food and beverage sales. We do not rely on any major customer as a source of sales and the customers and assets of our reportable segments are located predominantly in the United States. There are no material transactions between reportable segments.

The following tables reconcile our segment results to our consolidated results reported in accordance with GAAP:

	Fiscal Year Ended December 27, 2022
	Texas Roadhouse		Bubba's 33		Other		Total
Restaurant and other sales	$	3,762,884	$	211,690	$	14,217	$	3,988,791
Restaurant operating costs (excluding depreciation and amortization)		3,162,687		184,756		13,847		3,361,290
Restaurant margin	$	600,197	$	26,934	$	370	$	627,501
Depreciation and amortization	$	112,546	$	13,012	$	11,679	$	137,237
Segment assets		2,015,173		201,503		308,989		2,525,665
Capital expenditures		204,662		30,625		10,834		246,121

	Fiscal Year Ended December 28, 2021
	Texas Roadhouse		Bubba's 33		Other		Total
Restaurant and other sales	$	3,253,889	$	174,355	$	10,932	$	3,439,176
Restaurant operating costs (excluding depreciation and amortization)		2,701,850		145,493		10,101		2,857,444
Restaurant margin	$	552,039	$	28,862	$	831	$	581,732
Depreciation and amortization	$	105,079	$	12,700	$	8,982	$	126,761
Segment assets		1,874,620		179,856		457,476		2,511,952
Capital expenditures		167,746		23,408		9,538		200,692
	Fiscal Year Ended December 29, 2020
	Texas Roadhouse		Bubba's 33		Other		Total
Restaurant and other sales	$	2,267,815	$	106,981	$	5,381	$	2,380,177
Restaurant operating costs (excluding depreciation and amortization)		2,011,517		98,565		4,455		2,114,537
Restaurant margin	$	256,298	$	8,416	$	926	$	265,640
Depreciation and amortization	$	98,485	$	12,036	$	7,356	$	117,877
Capital expenditures		127,162		13,833		13,406		154,401

A reconciliation of restaurant margin to income from operations is presented below. We do not allocate interest expense, net and equity income (loss) from investments in unconsolidated affiliates to reportable segments.

	Fiscal Year Ended
	December 27, 2022		December 28, 2021		December 29, 2020
Restaurant margin	$	627,501	$	581,732	$	265,640
Add:
Franchise royalties and fees		26,128		24,770		17,946
Less:
Pre-opening		21,883		24,335		20,099
Depreciation and amortization		137,237		126,761		117,877
Impairment and closure, net		1,600		734		2,263
General and administrative		172,712		157,480		119,503
Income from operations	$	320,197	$	297,192	$	23,844

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Subsequent Event

12 Months Ended

Dec. 27, 2022

Subsequent Event

Subsequent Event

(20) Subsequent Events

On December 28, 2022, the first day of our 2023 fiscal year, we completed the acquisition of eight domestic franchise restaurants. Pursuant to the terms of the acquisition agreements, we paid an aggregate purchase price of approximately $39.0 million. We expect to complete the preliminary purchase price allocations relating to these transactions in the first quarter of fiscal 2023.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 27, 2022

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation

(a) Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements present the financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the Company and its majority-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

As of December 27, 2022 and December 28, 2021, we had majority ownership in 20 restaurants. The portion of income attributable to noncontrolling interests in these restaurants is reflected in the line item entitled "Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests" in our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

As of December 27, 2022 and December 28, 2021, we owned a 5.0% to 10.0% equity interest in 23 and 24 restaurants, respectively. Additionally, as of December 28, 2021, we owned a 40% interest in four non-Texas Roadhouse restaurants in China that was fully impaired in 2021. The unconsolidated restaurants are accounted for using the equity method. Our investments in these unconsolidated affiliates are included in other assets in our consolidated balance sheets, and we record our percentage share of net income earned by these unconsolidated affiliates in our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income under equity income (loss) from investments in unconsolidated affiliates.

Fiscal Year

(b) Fiscal Year

We utilize a 52 or 53 week accounting period that typically ends on the last Tuesday in December. We utilize a 13 week accounting period for quarterly reporting purposes, except in years containing 53 weeks when the fourth quarter contains 14 weeks. Fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020 were 52 weeks in length.

Use of Estimates

(c) Use of Estimates

We have made a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reporting of revenue and expenses during the period to prepare these consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the carrying amount of property and equipment, goodwill, obligations related to insurance reserves, leases and leasehold improvements, legal reserves, gift card breakage and third-party fees and income taxes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Segment Reporting

(d) Segment Reporting

Operating segments are defined as components of a company that engage in business activities from which it may earn revenue and incur expenses, and for which separate financial information is available and is regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), to assess the performance of the individual segments and make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segments. The Company’s operating segments have been identified in accordance with the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") ASC 280, Segment Reporting.

We have identified Texas Roadhouse, Bubba’s 33, Jaggers and our retail initiatives as separate operating segments. In addition, we have identified Texas Roadhouse and Bubba’s 33 as reportable segments. For further discussion of segment reporting, refer to Note 19.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

(e) Cash and Cash Equivalents

We consider all highly liquid debt instruments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents also include receivables from credit card companies as these balances are highly liquid in nature and are settled within two to three business days. These amounted to $22.0 million and $26.4 million at December 27, 2022 and December 28, 2021, respectively.

Receivables

(f) Receivables

Receivables consist principally of amounts due from retail gift card providers, certain franchise restaurants for reimbursement of labor costs, pre-opening and other expenses, and franchise restaurants for royalty fees.

Receivables are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The allowance for doubtful accounts is our best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in our existing accounts receivable. We determine the allowance based on historical collection experience and the age of receivables. We review our allowance for doubtful accounts quarterly. Past due balances over 120 days are reviewed individually for collectability. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote.

Inventories

(g) Inventories

Inventories, consisting principally of food, beverages and supplies, are valued at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or net realizable value.

Property and Equipment

(h) Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Expenditures for major renewals and betterments are capitalized while expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Depreciation is computed on property and equipment, including assets located on leased properties, over the shorter of the estimated useful lives of the related assets or the underlying lease term using the straight-line method. In most cases, assets on

leased properties are depreciated over a period of time which includes both the initial term of the lease and one or more option periods. Refer to Note 2(i) for further discussion of leases.

The estimated useful lives are:

Land improvements	10 - 25 years
Buildings and leasehold improvements	10 - 25 years
Furniture, fixtures and equipment	3 - 10 years

The cost of purchasing transferable liquor licenses through open markets in jurisdictions with a limited number of authorized liquor licenses are capitalized as indefinite-lived assets and included in Property and equipment, net.

Leases

(i) Leases

We recognize operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities for real estate leases, including our restaurant leases and Support Center lease, as well as certain restaurant equipment leases based on the present value of the lease payments over the lease term. We estimate the present value based on our incremental borrowing rate which corresponds to the underlying lease term. In addition, operating lease right-of-use assets are reduced for accrued rent and increased for any initial direct costs recognized at lease inception. For real estate and restaurant equipment leases commencing in 2019 and later, we account for lease and non-lease components as a single lease component.

Certain of our operating leases contain predetermined fixed escalations of the minimum rent over the lease term. For these leases, we recognize the related total rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We may receive rent concessions or leasehold improvement incentives upon opening a restaurant that is subject to a lease which we consider when determining straight-line rent expense. We also may receive rent holidays, which would begin on the possession date and end when the store opens, during which no cash rent payments are typically due under the terms of the lease. Rent holidays are included in the lease term when determining straight-line rent expense. In recognizing straight-line rent expense, we record the difference between amounts charged to operations and amounts paid as accrued rent.

Certain of our operating leases contain clauses that provide for additional contingent rent based on a percentage of sales greater than certain specified target amounts. We recognize contingent rent expense prior to the achievement of the specified target that triggers the contingent rent, provided achievement of the target is considered probable. In addition, certain of our operating leases have variable escalations of the minimum rent that depend on an index or rate. For these leases, we recognize operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities based on the index or rate at the commencement date. Any subsequent changes to the index or rate are recognized as variable rent expense when the escalation is determinable.

Sale-leasebacks are transactions through which we sell previously acquired land at fair value and subsequently enter into a lease agreement on the same land. The resulting lease agreement is evaluated to determine classification as an operating or finance lease and is recorded based on the lease classification. Refer to Note 8 for further discussion of leases. 

Goodwill

(j) Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of cost over fair value of assets of businesses acquired. In accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other ("ASC 350"), goodwill is not subject to amortization and is evaluated for impairment on an annual basis, or sooner if an event or other circumstance indicates that goodwill may be impaired.  The annual assessment date is the first day of our fourth quarter. 

ASC 350 requires that goodwill be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level, or the level of internal reporting that reflects the way in which an entity manages its businesses. A reporting unit is defined as an operating segment, or one level below an operating segment. Historically, we designated our operating segment and reporting unit to be at the

same level which we defined to be the individual restaurant. In 2021, we changed the designation of our operating segment and reporting unit to be at the concept level. As a result of this change, in 2021, we performed the goodwill impairment analysis at both the individual restaurant and concept level to substantiate that our goodwill was not impaired under either reporting unit definition.  In 2022, we performed the goodwill impairment analysis at the concept level.

As stated in ASC 350, an entity may first assess qualitative factors in order to determine if it is necessary to perform the quantitative test. In 2022 and 2021, we elected to perform a qualitative assessment for our annual review of goodwill. This review included evaluating factors such as macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors, changes in management or key personnel, sustained decreases in share price and the overall financial performance of the Company’s reporting units at the concept level. As a result of the qualitative assessment, no indicators of impairment were identified, and no additional indicators of impairment were identified through the end of the fourth quarter that would require additional testing.

In 2022 and 2021, we determined there was no goodwill impairment. In 2020, as a result of our annual goodwill impairment analysis, we recorded goodwill impairment of $1.1 million. Refer to Note 7 for additional information related to goodwill and intangible assets.

Other Assets

(k) Other Assets

Other assets consist primarily of deferred compensation plan assets, investments in unconsolidated affiliates and deposits. For further discussion of the deferred compensation plan, refer to Note 15 and Note 16.

Impairment or Disposal of Long-lived Assets

(l) Impairment or Disposal of Long-lived Assets

In accordance with ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, long-lived assets related to each restaurant to be held and used in the business, such as property and equipment, operating lease right-of-use assets and intangible assets subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of a restaurant may not be recoverable. For the purposes of this evaluation, we define the asset group at the individual restaurant level. When we evaluate the restaurants, cash flows are the primary indicator of impairment.

Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of the restaurant to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the restaurant. Under our policies, trailing 12- month cash flow results under a predetermined amount at the individual restaurant level signals potential impairment. In our evaluation of restaurants that do not meet the cash flow threshold, we estimate future undiscounted cash flows from operating the restaurant over its estimated useful life, which can be for a period of over 20 years. In the estimation of future cash flows, we consider the period of time the restaurant has been open, the trend of operations over such period and future periods and expectations of future sales growth. Assumptions about important factors such as the trend of future operations and sales growth are limited to those that are supportable based upon the plans for the restaurant and actual results at comparable restaurants.

If the carrying amount of the restaurant exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value of the assets. We generally measure fair value by discounting estimated future cash flows. When fair value is measured by discounting estimated future cash flows, the assumptions used are consistent with what we believe hypothetical market participants would use. We also use a discount rate that is commensurate with the risk inherent in the projected cash flows. The adjusted carrying amounts of assets to be held and used are depreciated over their remaining useful life. Refer to Note 17 for further discussion of amounts recorded as part of our impairment analysis.

Insurance Reserves

(m) Insurance Reserves

We self-insure a significant portion of expected losses under our health, workers’ compensation, general liability, employment practices liability, and property insurance programs. We purchase insurance for individual claims that exceed the retention amounts listed below:

	December 27, 2022	December 28, 2021
Employment practices liability ("EPL")	$500,000	$500,000
EPL Class Action	$2,500,000	$2,500,000
Workers' compensation	$350,000	$350,000
General liability	$2,500,000	$1,000,000
Property	$250,000	$250,000
Employee healthcare	$400,000	$400,000

We record a liability for unresolved claims and for an estimate of incurred but not reported claims based on historical experience. The estimated liability is based on a number of assumptions and factors regarding economic conditions, the frequency and severity of claims and claim development history and settlement practices. Our assumptions are reviewed, monitored, and adjusted when warranted by changing circumstances.

Revenue Recognition

(n) Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which requires an entity to allocate the transaction price received from customers to each separate and distinct performance obligation and recognize revenue as these performance obligations are satisfied.  We recognize revenue from company restaurant sales when food and beverage products are sold. Restaurant sales include gross food and beverage sales, net of promotions and discounts, for all company restaurants. Sales taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are accounted for on a net basis and therefore are excluded from restaurant sales in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

We record deferred revenue for gift cards that have been sold but not yet redeemed. When the gift cards are redeemed, we recognize restaurant sales and reduce deferred revenue. For some of the gift cards that are sold we have determined that, based on our historic gift card redemption patterns, the likelihood of redemption is remote. For these gift cards, we record a breakage adjustment and reduce deferred revenue by the amount never expected to be redeemed. We use historic gift card redemption patterns to determine the breakage rate to utilize and recognize the expected breakage amount in a manner generally consistent with the actual redemption pattern of the associated gift card. We review the breakage rate on an annual basis, or sooner if circumstances indicate that the rate may have significantly changed and update the rate accordingly as needed. In addition, we incur fees on all gift cards that are sold through third-party retailers. These fees are also deferred and generally recorded consistent with the actual redemption pattern of the associated gift cards.

We also recognize revenue from our franchising of Texas Roadhouse restaurants. This includes franchise royalties and domestic marketing and advertising fees, initial and upfront franchise fees, domestic and international development agreements and supervisory and administrative service fees. We recognize franchise royalties and domestic marketing and advertising fees as franchise restaurant sales occur. For initial and upfront franchise fees and fees from development agreements, because the services we provide related to these fees do not contain separate and distinct performance obligations from the franchise right, these fees are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the associated franchise agreement. We recognize fees from supervision and administrative services as incurred.

Income Taxes

(o) Income Taxes

We account for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes, under which deferred assets and liabilities are recognized based upon anticipated future tax consequences attributable to differences between financial statement carrying values of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. We recognize both interest and penalties on unrecognized tax benefits as part of income tax expense. A valuation allowance is established to reduce the carrying value of deferred tax assets if it is considered more likely than not that such assets will not be realized. Any change in the valuation allowance would be charged to income in the period such determination was made. For all years presented, no valuation allowances have been recorded.

Advertising

(p) Advertising

We have a domestic system-wide marketing and advertising fund. We maintain control of the marketing and advertising fund and, as such, have consolidated the fund’s activity for all the years presented. Domestic company and franchise restaurants are required to remit a designated portion of sales to the advertising fund. Advertising contributions related to company restaurants are recorded as a component of other operating costs. Advertising contributions received from our franchisees are recorded as a component of franchise royalties and fees in our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

Other costs related to local restaurant area marketing initiatives are included in other operating costs in our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. These costs and the company restaurant contribution amounted to $25.0 million, $21.1 million and $13.8 million for the years ended December 27, 2022, December 28, 2021 and December 29, 2020, respectively.

Pre-opening Expenses

(q) Pre-opening Expenses

Pre-opening expenses, which are charged to operations as incurred, consist of expenses incurred before the opening of a new or relocated restaurant and are comprised principally of opening team and training team compensation and benefits, travel expenses, rent, food, beverage and other initial supplies and expenses.

Comprehensive Income

(r) Comprehensive Income

ASC 220, Comprehensive Income, establishes standards for reporting and the presentation of comprehensive income and its components in a full set of financial statements. Comprehensive income consists of net income and foreign currency translation adjustments which are excluded from net income under GAAP. Foreign currency translation adjustment represents the unrealized impact of translating the financial statements of our foreign investment.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

(s) Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as the price that we would receive to sell an asset or pay to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. This includes a three-level hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs in measuring fair value. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability on the measurement date.

Level 1	Inputs based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets.
Level 2	Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the assets, either directly or indirectly.
Level 3	Inputs that are unobservable for the asset.

Fair value measurements are separately disclosed by level within the fair value hierarchy. Refer to Note 16 for further discussion of fair value measurement.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

(t) Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Reference Rate Reform

In March 2020, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, which provides temporary optional expedients and exceptions to the current guidance on contract modifications and hedge accounting. These changes are intended to simplify the market transition from the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates. In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848 which defers the sunset date of Topic 848 from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2024. We do not anticipate that the adoption of this standard will have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 27, 2022

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Schedule of estimated useful lives of property and equipment

Land improvements	10 - 25 years
Buildings and leasehold improvements	10 - 25 years
Furniture, fixtures and equipment	3 - 10 years

Schedule of type of individual claims against which there is no insurance purchase

	December 27, 2022	December 28, 2021
Employment practices liability ("EPL")	$500,000	$500,000
EPL Class Action	$2,500,000	$2,500,000
Workers' compensation	$350,000	$350,000
General liability	$2,500,000	$1,000,000
Property	$250,000	$250,000
Employee healthcare	$400,000	$400,000

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Revenue (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 27, 2022

Revenue

Schedule of disaggregated revenue

	Fiscal Year Ended
	December 27, 2022		December 28, 2021		December 29, 2020
Restaurant and other sales	$	3,988,791	$	3,439,176	$	2,380,177
Franchise royalties		23,058		21,770		15,542
Franchise fees		3,070		3,000		2,404
Total revenue	$	4,014,919	$	3,463,946	$	2,398,123

Schedule of changes in contract liability

	December 27, 2022		December 28, 2021
Beginning balance	$	300,657	$	232,812
Gift card activations, net		366,606		319,698
Gift card redemptions and breakage		(331,860)		(251,853)
Ending balance		335,403		300,657

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Acquisitions (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 27, 2022

Acquisitions

Summary the consideration paid for the acquisitions, and the estimated fair value of the assets acquired, and the liabilities assumed

The following table summarizes the consideration paid (in thousands) for the acquisitions, and the estimated fair value of the assets acquired, and the liabilities assumed at the acquisition date, which are adjusted for measurement-period adjustments through December 27, 2022.

Inventory	$	321
Other assets		222
Property and equipment		4,841
Operating lease right-of-use assets		1,221
Goodwill		21,731
Intangible assets		6,900
Deferred revenue-gift cards		(947)
Current portion of operating lease liabilities		(47)
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion		(1,173)
	$	33,069

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Property and Equipment, Net (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 27, 2022

Property and Equipment, Net

Schedule of property and equipment

	December 27,		December 28,
	2022		2021
Land and improvements	$	148,220	$	144,182
Buildings and leasehold improvements		1,206,930		1,092,776
Furniture, fixtures and equipment		797,058		732,160
Construction in progress		73,639		50,809
Liquor licenses		12,538		11,889
		2,238,385		2,031,816
Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(968,036)		(869,375)
	$	1,270,349	$	1,162,441

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Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 27, 2022

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Schedule of changes in the carrying amount of goodwill and intangible assets

	Goodwill		Intangible Assets
Balance as of December 29, 2020 (1)	$	127,001	$	2,271
Additions		—		—
Amortization expense		—		(751)
Disposals and other, net		—		—
Impairment		—		—
Balance as of December 28, 2021	$	127,001	$	1,520
Additions		21,731		6,900
Amortization expense		—		(2,813)
Disposals and other, net		—		—
Impairment		—		—
Balance as of December 27, 2022	$	148,732	$	5,607

(1) Net of $5.9 million of accumulated goodwill impairment losses.

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Leases (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 27, 2022

Leases

Schedule of lease costs

	December 27, 2022
	Real estate		Equipment		Total
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	625,164	$	5,094	$	630,258
Current portion of operating lease liabilities		23,803		1,687		25,490
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion		674,468		3,406		677,874
Total operating lease liabilities	$	698,271	$	5,093	$	703,364

	December 28, 2021
	Real estate		Equipment		Total
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	574,356	$	4,057	$	578,413
Current portion of operating lease liabilities		20,577		1,375		21,952
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion		620,210		2,682		622,892
Total operating lease liabilities	$	640,787	$	4,057	$	644,844

Schedule of operating leases maturity analysis

	Fiscal Year Ended
Real estate costs		December 27, 2022			December 28, 2021
Operating lease	$	68,742		$	62,430
Variable lease		4,393			3,767
Total lease costs	$	73,135		$	66,197
Real estate lease liabilities maturity analysis					December 27, 2022
2023				$	66,675
2024					67,195
2025					65,206
2026					65,081
2027					65,493
Thereafter					861,414
Total				$	1,191,064
Less interest					492,793
Total discounted operating lease liabilities				$	698,271
	Fiscal Year Ended
Real estate leases other information		December 27, 2022			December 28, 2021
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of operating lease liabilities	$	63,269		$	57,040
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	54,666		$	68,921
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)		17.57			17.88
Weighted-average discount rate		6.34	%		6.46	%

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Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 27, 2022

Income Taxes

Schedule of components of our income tax provision

	Fiscal Year Ended
	December 27, 2022		December 28, 2021		December 29, 2020
Current:
Federal	$	15,549	$	16,700	$	(648)
State		18,120		13,539		4,505
Foreign		590		443		403
Total current		34,259		30,682		4,260
Deferred:
Federal		9,664		7,391		(16,859)
State		(208)		1,505		(3,073)
Total deferred		9,456		8,896		(19,932)
Income tax expense (benefit)	$	43,715	$	39,578	$	(15,672)

Schedule of reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to our effective tax rate

	Fiscal Year Ended
	December 27, 2022		December 28, 2021		December 29, 2020
Tax at statutory federal rate	21.0	%	21.0	%	21.0	%
State and local tax, net of federal benefit	3.7		3.8		3.6
FICA tip tax credit	(10.5)		(9.3)		(92.5)
Work opportunity tax credit	(1.3)		(1.2)		(12.4)
Stock compensation	(0.1)		(1.5)		(2.3)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(0.4)		(0.5)		(3.0)
Officers compensation	0.7		1.1		2.6
Other	0.5		0.1		1.6
Total	13.6	%	13.5	%	(81.4)	%

Schedule of components of deferred tax assets (liabilities)

	December 27, 2022		December 28, 2021
Deferred tax assets:
Deferred revenue—gift cards	$	29,889	$	24,056
Insurance reserves		6,506		6,407
Deferred payroll taxes		-		5,995
Other reserves		1,060		1,077
Share-based compensation		5,059		6,040
Operating lease liabilities		173,853		160,638
Deferred compensation		17,934		16,233
Tax credit carryforwards		2,740		3,618
Other assets		2,991		2,801
Total deferred tax asset		240,032		226,865
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property and equipment		(82,832)		(75,022)
Goodwill and intangibles		(8,374)		(7,742)
Operating lease right-of-use asset		(155,837)		(144,153)
Other liabilities		(13,968)		(11,682)
Total deferred tax liability		(261,011)		(238,599)
Net deferred tax liability	$	(20,979)	$	(11,734)

Schedule of reconciliation of the beginning and ending liability for unrecognized tax benefits

Balance at December 29, 2020	$	1,662
Additions to tax positions related to prior years		49
Additions to tax positions related to current year		413
Reductions due to statute expiration		(160)
Reductions due to exam settlement		(436)
Balance at December 28, 2021		1,528
Additions to tax positions related to prior years		1,545
Additions to tax positions related to current year		872
Reductions due to statute expiration		-
Reductions due to exam settlement		(20)
Balance at December 27, 2022	$	3,925

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Earnings Per Share (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 27, 2022

Earnings Per Share

Schedule of calculation of earnings per share and weighted average shares outstanding

	Fiscal Year Ended
	December 27,		December 28,		December 29,
	2022		2021		2020
Net income attributable to Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and subsidiaries	$	269,818	$	245,294	$	31,255
Basic EPS:
Weighted-average common shares outstanding		67,643		69,709		69,438
Basic EPS	$	3.99	$	3.52	$	0.45
Diluted EPS:
Weighted-average common shares outstanding		67,643		69,709		69,438
Dilutive effect of nonvested stock		277		389		455
Shares-diluted		67,920		70,098		69,893
Diluted EPS	$	3.97	$	3.50	$	0.45

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Share Based Compensation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 27, 2022

Share Based Compensation

Summary of allocation of share-based compensation expense

	Fiscal Year Ended
	December 27,		December 28,		December 29,
	2022		2021		2020
Labor expense	$	10,656	$	10,323	$	10,081
General and administrative expense		26,007		27,816		19,350
Total share-based compensation expense	$	36,663	$	38,139	$	29,431

Summary of restricted stock unit activity

		Weighted-Average		Weighted-Average
		Grant Date Fair		Remaining Contractual	Aggregate
	Shares	Value		Term (years)	Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at December 28, 2021	558,183	$	82.52
Granted	395,859		88.40
Forfeited	(45,207)		84.26
Vested	(413,996)		85.37
Outstanding at December 27, 2022	494,839	$	84.55	0.9	$	47,663

Summary of performance share units

		Weighted-Average		Weighted-Average
		Grant Date Fair		Remaining Contractual	Aggregate
	Shares	Value		Term (years)	Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at December 28, 2021	31,952	$	86.22
Granted	29,600		86.41
Performance shares adjustment (1)	28,074		84.96
Forfeited	—		—
Vested	(60,026)		86.22
Outstanding at December 27, 2022	29,600	$	87.52	0.1	$	2,851

(1) Additional shares from the January 2021 PSU grant that vested in January 2022 due to exceeding the initial 100% target.

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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 27, 2022

Fair Value Measurements

Schedule of fair values for our financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis

	Fair Value Measurements
	Level	December 27, 2022		December 28, 2021
Deferred compensation plan—assets	1	$	61,835	$	67,512
Deferred compensation plan—liabilities	1	$	(61,668)	$	(67,431)

Schedule of fair value of assets and liabilities measured on a nonrecurring basis

	Fair Value Measurements					Total gain (loss)
						Fiscal Year Ended
		December 27,		December 28,		December 27,		December 28,
	Level	2022		2021		2022		2021
Long-lived assets held for sale	3	$	—	$	1,175	$	690	$	(470)
Long-lived assets held for use	3	$	2,000	$	—	$	(997)	$	—
Operating lease right-of-use assets	3	$	—	$	—	$	(708)	$	—
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates	3	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(1,531)

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Segment Information (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 27, 2022

Segment Information

Schedule to reconcile our segment results to our consolidated results

The following tables reconcile our segment results to our consolidated results reported in accordance with GAAP:

	Fiscal Year Ended December 27, 2022
	Texas Roadhouse		Bubba's 33		Other		Total
Restaurant and other sales	$	3,762,884	$	211,690	$	14,217	$	3,988,791
Restaurant operating costs (excluding depreciation and amortization)		3,162,687		184,756		13,847		3,361,290
Restaurant margin	$	600,197	$	26,934	$	370	$	627,501
Depreciation and amortization	$	112,546	$	13,012	$	11,679	$	137,237
Segment assets		2,015,173		201,503		308,989		2,525,665
Capital expenditures		204,662		30,625		10,834		246,121

	Fiscal Year Ended December 28, 2021
	Texas Roadhouse		Bubba's 33		Other		Total
Restaurant and other sales	$	3,253,889	$	174,355	$	10,932	$	3,439,176
Restaurant operating costs (excluding depreciation and amortization)		2,701,850		145,493		10,101		2,857,444
Restaurant margin	$	552,039	$	28,862	$	831	$	581,732
Depreciation and amortization	$	105,079	$	12,700	$	8,982	$	126,761
Segment assets		1,874,620		179,856		457,476		2,511,952
Capital expenditures		167,746		23,408		9,538		200,692
	Fiscal Year Ended December 29, 2020
	Texas Roadhouse		Bubba's 33		Other		Total
Restaurant and other sales	$	2,267,815	$	106,981	$	5,381	$	2,380,177
Restaurant operating costs (excluding depreciation and amortization)		2,011,517		98,565		4,455		2,114,537
Restaurant margin	$	256,298	$	8,416	$	926	$	265,640
Depreciation and amortization	$	98,485	$	12,036	$	7,356	$	117,877
Capital expenditures		127,162		13,833		13,406		154,401

	Fiscal Year Ended
	December 27, 2022		December 28, 2021		December 29, 2020
Restaurant margin	$	627,501	$	581,732	$	265,640
Add:
Franchise royalties and fees		26,128		24,770		17,946
Less:
Pre-opening		21,883		24,335		20,099
Depreciation and amortization		137,237		126,761		117,877
Impairment and closure, net		1,600		734		2,263
General and administrative		172,712		157,480		119,503
Income from operations	$	320,197	$	297,192	$	23,844

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Description of Business (Details)	Dec. 27, 2022 restaurant item	Dec. 28, 2021 restaurant item
Description of Business
Number of states in which restaurants operate | item	49	49
Number of countries in which restaurants operate | item	10	10
Company-owned
Description of Business
Number of restaurants	597	566
Company-owned | Wholly-owned
Description of Business
Number of restaurants	577	546
Company-owned | Majority-owned
Description of Business
Number of restaurants	20	20
Franchise
Description of Business
Number of restaurants	100	101
Franchise | Domestic
Description of Business
Number of restaurants	62	70
Franchise | International
Description of Business
Number of restaurants	38	31
Franchise | Unconsolidated
Description of Business
Number of restaurants	23	24
Non-Texas Roadhouse restaurants | Unconsolidated
Description of Business
Number of restaurants		4
Texas Roadhouse
Description of Business
Number of restaurants	552	526
Bubba's 33
Description of Business
Number of restaurants	40	36
Jaggers restaurants
Description of Business
Number of restaurants	5	4

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 27, 2022 USD ($) restaurant	Dec. 28, 2021 USD ($) restaurant	Dec. 29, 2020
Fiscal Year
Length of fiscal year	364 days	364 days	364 days
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents included receivables from credit card entity | $	$ 22.0	$ 26.4
Settlement period of credit card receivables, minimum	2 days
Settlement period of credit card receivables, maximum	3 days
Receivables
Minimum number of days receivable are past due, warranting individual evaluation for collectability	120 days
Franchise
Principles of Consolidation
Number of restaurants	100	101
Company-owned
Principles of Consolidation
Number of restaurants	597	566
Minimum
Fiscal Year
Length of fiscal year	364 days
Length of fiscal quarter	91 days
Maximum
Fiscal Year
Length of fiscal year	371 days
Length of fiscal quarter	98 days
Unconsolidated | Franchise
Principles of Consolidation
Number of restaurants	23	24
Unconsolidated | Non-Texas Roadhouse restaurants
Principles of Consolidation
Number of restaurants		4
Unconsolidated | Non-Texas Roadhouse restaurants | Investment in Restaurants
Principles of Consolidation
Ownership percentage by entity		40.00%
Unconsolidated | Minimum | Franchise | Investment in Restaurants
Principles of Consolidation
Ownership percentage by entity	5.00%	5.00%
Unconsolidated | Maximum | Franchise | Investment in Restaurants
Principles of Consolidation
Ownership percentage by entity	10.00%	10.00%
Majority-owned | Company-owned
Principles of Consolidation
Number of restaurants	20	20

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, PPE (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 27, 2022	Dec. 28, 2021	Dec. 29, 2020
Impairment of Goodwill
Impairment of goodwill	$ 0	$ 0	$ 1,100,000
Minimum
Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets
Impairment analysis, estimated useful life of operating a restaurant	20 years
Land improvements | Minimum
Property and Equipment
Estimated useful life	10 years
Land improvements | Maximum
Property and Equipment
Estimated useful life	25 years
Buildings and leasehold improvements | Minimum
Property and Equipment
Estimated useful life	10 years
Buildings and leasehold improvements | Maximum
Property and Equipment
Estimated useful life	25 years
Furniture, fixtures And equipment | Minimum
Property and Equipment
Estimated useful life	3 years
Furniture, fixtures And equipment | Maximum
Property and Equipment
Estimated useful life	10 years

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Ins (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 27, 2022	Dec. 28, 2021
Insurance Reserves
Self-insurance limit, Employee practices liability	$ 500,000,000	$ 500,000,000
Self-insurance limit, Employee practices liability Class Action	2,500,000,000	2,500,000,000
Self-insurance limit, Workers compensation	350,000,000	350,000,000
Self-insurance limit, General liability	2,500,000,000	1,000,000,000
Self-insurance limit, Property	250,000,000	250,000,000
Self-insurance limit, Employee healthcare	400,000,000	400,000,000
Income Taxes
Deferred Income Tax, Valuation Allowance	$ 0	$ 0

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Advertising (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 27, 2022	Dec. 28, 2021	Dec. 29, 2020
Advertising
Company-owned restaurant contribution and other costs related to marketing initiatives	$ 25,000	$ 21,100	$ 13,800
Foreign currency translation adjustment on impairment of foreign investment		$ 106	$ 119

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Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 27, 2022	Dec. 28, 2021	Dec. 29, 2020
Revenue
Total revenue	$ 4,014,919	$ 3,463,946	$ 2,398,123
Restaurant and other sales
Revenue
Total revenue	3,988,791	3,439,176	2,380,177
Franchise royalties
Revenue
Total revenue	23,058	21,770	15,542
Franchise fees
Revenue
Total revenue	$ 3,070	$ 3,000	$ 2,404

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Revenue - Other (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 27, 2022	Dec. 28, 2021
Gift cards
Revenue
Deferred revenue recognized	$ 190.5	$ 140.1

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Revenue - Schedule of deferred revenue liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 27, 2022	Dec. 28, 2021	Dec. 29, 2020
Revenue
Deferred revenue-gift cards	$ 335,403	$ 300,657	$ 232,812

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Revenue - Roll forward of deferred revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 27, 2022	Dec. 28, 2021
Revenue
Beginning balance	$ 300,657	$ 232,812
Gift card activations	366,606	319,698
Gift card redemptions and breakage	(331,860)	(251,853)
Ending Balance	$ 335,403	$ 300,657

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Acquisitions (Details) $ in Thousands			12 Months Ended
	Mar. 30, 2022 USD ($) restaurant	Dec. 29, 2021 USD ($) restaurant	Dec. 27, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 28, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 29, 2020 USD ($)
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill			$ 148,732	$ 127,001	$ 127,001
Reacquired franchise rights
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Weighted-average life			3 years 6 months
One franchise restaurants
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Number of restaurants acquired | restaurant	1
Equity interest percentage	5.49%
Outstanding equity percentage	100.00%
Step acquisition gain	$ 300
Purchase price paid	$ 6,600
Seven franchise restaurants
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Number of restaurants acquired | restaurant		7
Purchase price paid		$ 26,400
Goodwill			$ 21,731

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Acquisitions - Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 27, 2022	Dec. 28, 2021	Dec. 29, 2020
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Inventory	$ 38,015	$ 31,595
Other assets	73,878	79,052
Property and equipment	1,270,349	1,162,441
Operating lease right-of-use assets	630,258	578,413
Goodwill	148,732	127,001	$ 127,001
Intangible assets	5,607	1,520	2,271
Deferred revenue-gift cards	(335,403)	(300,657)	$ (232,812)
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	(25,490)	(21,952)
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	(677,874)	$ (622,892)
Seven franchise restaurants
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Inventory	321
Other assets	222
Property and equipment	4,841
Operating lease right-of-use assets	1,221
Goodwill	21,731
Intangible assets	6,900
Deferred revenue-gift cards	(947)
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	(47)
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	(1,173)
Total	$ 33,069

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Long-term Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 27, 2022	Dec. 28, 2021	May 04, 2021	May 03, 2021
Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Revolving Credit Facility
Revolving credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity			$ 300.0
Revolving credit facility contingent increase in maximum borrowing capacity			$ 200.0
Weighted-average interest rate (as a percent)	5.21%	0.98%
Revolving credit facility, amount outstanding	$ 50.0	$ 100.0
Revolving credit facility, remaining borrowing capacity	233.5	189.1
Letters of credit outstanding	$ 16.5	$ 10.9
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | Minimum
Revolving Credit Facility
Percentage of commitment fee on unused credit facility	0.125%
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | Maximum
Revolving Credit Facility
Percentage of commitment fee on unused credit facility	0.30%
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | LIBOR | Minimum
Long-term debt
Interest rate (as a percent)	0.875%
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | LIBOR | Maximum
Long-term debt
Interest rate (as a percent)	1.875%
Original Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Revolving Credit Facility
Revolving credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity				$ 200.0
Revolving credit facility contingent increase in maximum borrowing capacity				$ 200.0

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Property and Equipment, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 27, 2022	Dec. 28, 2021	Dec. 29, 2020
Property and Equipment, Net
Property and Equipment, Gross	$ 2,238,385	$ 2,031,816
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(968,036)	(869,375)
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net	1,270,349	1,162,441
Interest capitalized	1,300	200	$ 300
Land and improvements
Property and Equipment, Net
Property and Equipment, Gross	148,220	144,182
Buildings and leasehold improvements
Property and Equipment, Net
Property and Equipment, Gross	1,206,930	1,092,776
Furniture, fixtures And equipment
Property and Equipment, Net
Property and Equipment, Gross	797,058	732,160
Construction in progress
Property and Equipment, Net
Property and Equipment, Gross	73,639	50,809
Liquor licenses
Property and Equipment, Net
Property and Equipment, Gross	$ 12,538	$ 11,889

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Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 27, 2022	Dec. 28, 2021	Dec. 29, 2020
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill
Balance at the beginning of the period	$ 127,001,000	$ 127,001,000
Additions	21,731,000	0
Disposals and other, net	0	0
Impairment	0	0	$ (1,100,000)
Balance at the end of the period	148,732,000	127,001,000	127,001,000
Accumulated goodwill impairment loss			5,900,000
Changes in the carrying amount of intangible assets
Balance at the beginning of the period, net	1,520,000	2,271,000
Additions	6,900,000	0
Amortization expense	(2,813,000)	(751,000)
Disposals and other, net	0	0
Impairment	0	0
Balance at the end of the period, net	5,607,000	1,520,000	$ 2,271,000
Gross carrying amount	23,500,000	16,600,000
Accumulated amortization	17,905,000	$ 15,092,000
Minimum
Changes in the carrying amount of intangible assets
Expected amortization expense for each of the next five years	100,000
Maximum
Changes in the carrying amount of intangible assets
Expected amortization expense for each of the next five years	$ 2,600,000

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Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 27, 2022	Dec. 28, 2021
Leases
Term (in years)	1 year
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net	$ 630,258	$ 578,413
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	25,490	21,952
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	677,874	622,892
Total discounted operating lease liabilities	703,364	644,844
Real estate
Leases
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net	625,164	574,356
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	23,803	20,577
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	674,468	620,210
Total discounted operating lease liabilities	698,271	640,787
Equipment
Leases
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net	5,094	4,057
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	1,687	1,375
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	3,406	2,682
Total discounted operating lease liabilities	$ 5,093	$ 4,057

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Leases - Real estate costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 27, 2022	Dec. 28, 2021
Lease costs
Operating lease	$ 68,742	$ 62,430
Variable lease	4,393	3,767
Total lease costs	$ 73,135	$ 66,197

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Leases - Real estate lease liability maturity analysis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 27, 2022	Dec. 28, 2021
Leases
Total discounted operating lease liabilities	$ 703,364	$ 644,844
Real estate
Leases
2023	66,675
2024	67,195
2025	65,206
2026	65,081
2027	65,493
Thereafter	861,414
Total	1,191,064
Less interest	492,793
Total discounted operating lease liabilities	$ 698,271	$ 640,787

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Leases - Real estate leases other information (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 27, 2022 USD ($) lease item	Dec. 28, 2021 USD ($) item lease	Dec. 29, 2020 USD ($)
Leases
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of operating lease liabilities	$ 63,269	$ 57,040
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$ 54,666	$ 68,921
Weighted-average remaining lease term	17 years 6 months 25 days	17 years 10 months 17 days
Weighted-average discount rate	6.34%	6.46%
Operating lease not yet taken possession	$ 7,900
Number of finance leases | lease	2	2
Right-of-use asset	$ 2,100	$ 2,200
Finance Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other Assets, Noncurrent	Other Assets, Noncurrent
Lease liability	$ 2,700	$ 2,700
Finance Lease, Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other Liabilities, Noncurrent	Other Liabilities, Noncurrent
Number of sale leaseback transactions | item	4	3
Proceeds from sale leaseback transactions	$ 12,871	$ 5,588	$ 2,167

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Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 27, 2022	Dec. 28, 2021	Dec. 29, 2020
Current:
Federal	$ 15,549	$ 16,700	$ (648)
State	18,120	13,539	4,505
Foreign	590	443	403
Total current	34,259	30,682	4,260
Deferred:
Federal	9,664	7,391	(16,859)
State	(208)	1,505	(3,073)
Total deferred	9,456	8,896	(19,932)
Income tax expense (benefit)	$ 43,715	$ 39,578	$ (15,672)
Reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to our effective tax rate:
Tax at statutory federal rate (as a percent)	21.00%	21.00%	21.00%
State and local tax, net of federal benefit (as a percent)	3.70%	3.80%	3.60%
FICA tip tax credit (as a percent)	(10.50%)	(9.30%)	(92.50%)
Work opportunity tax credit (as a percent)	(1.30%)	(1.20%)	(12.40%)
Stock compensation (as a percent)	(0.10%)	(1.50%)	(2.30%)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests (as a percent)	(0.40%)	(0.50%)	(3.00%)
Officers compensation	0.70%	1.10%	2.60%
Other (as a percent)	0.50%	0.10%	1.60%
Total (as a percent)	13.60%	13.50%	(81.40%)

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Income Taxes, Deferred Tax Assets (Liabilities) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 27, 2022	Dec. 28, 2021
Deferred tax assets:
Deferred revenue-gift cards	$ 29,889	$ 24,056
Insurance reserves	6,506	6,407
Deferred payroll taxes		5,995
Other reserves	1,060	1,077
Share-based compensation	5,059	6,040
Operating lease liabilities	173,853	160,638
Deferred compensation	17,934	16,233
Tax credit carryforwards	2,740	3,618
Other assets	2,991	2,801
Total deferred tax asset	240,032	226,865
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property and equipment	(82,832)	(75,022)
Goodwill and intangibles	(8,374)	(7,742)
Operating lease right-of-use asset	(155,837)	(144,153)
Other liabilities	(13,968)	(11,682)
Total deferred tax liability	(261,011)	(238,599)
Net deferred tax liability	(20,979)	(11,734)
Federal Tax
Deferred tax assets:
Tax credit carryforwards	$ 2,700	$ 3,600

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Income Taxes (Unrecognized) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 27, 2022	Dec. 28, 2021
Reconciliation of the beginning and ending liability for unrecognized tax benefits:
Balance at the beginning of the period	$ 1,528	$ 1,662
Additions to tax positions related to prior years	1,545	49
Additions to tax positions related to current year	872	413
Reductions due to statute expiration		(160)
Reductions due to exam settlement	(20)	(436)
Balance at the end of the period	3,925	1,528
Unrecognized Tax Benefits that Would Impact Effective Tax Rate	$ 2,100	$ 1,500

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Preferred Stock (Details)	Dec. 27, 2022 item shares	Dec. 28, 2021 item shares
Preferred Stock
Number of preferred stock shares authorized to issue	1,000,000	1,000,000
Minimum number of series of preferred stock authorized | item	1	1
Number of shares of preferred stock outstanding	0	0

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Stock Repurchase Program (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 27, 2022	Dec. 28, 2021	Dec. 29, 2020	Mar. 17, 2022	May 31, 2019
Stockholders' Equity
Repurchase of common stock authorized by board of directors				$ 300,000	$ 250,000
Payments to repurchase common stock	$ 212,859	$ 51,634	$ 12,621
Number of shares repurchased	2,734,005	584,932
Amount remaining under authorized stock repurchase program	$ 166,900
Stock Repurchase Program [Member]
Stockholders' Equity
Payments to repurchase common stock	133,100
Previous Stock Repurchase Program [Member]
Stockholders' Equity
Payments to repurchase common stock	$ 79,700

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Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 27, 2022	Dec. 28, 2021	Dec. 29, 2020
Earnings per share
Net income attributable to Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and subsidiaries	$ 269,818	$ 245,294	$ 31,255
Basic EPS:
Weighted-average common shares outstanding (in shares)	67,643	69,709	69,438
Basic EPS (in dollars per share)	$ 3.99	$ 3.52	$ 0.45
Diluted EPS:
Weighted-average common shares outstanding (in shares)	67,643	69,709	69,438
Dilutive effect of nonvested stock (in shares)	277	389	455
Shares-diluted (in shares)	67,920	70,098	69,893
Diluted EPS (in dollars per share)	$ 3.97	$ 3.50	$ 0.45

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 27, 2022 USD ($) item	Dec. 28, 2021 USD ($) item
Commitments and Contingencies
Estimated cost to complete capital project commitments (in dollars) | $	$ 205.7	$ 135.0
Number of suppliers providing most of the company's beef | item	4
Lease Agreements
Commitments and Contingencies
Number of leases guarantees entity contingently liable | item	7	7
Lease Agreements | Maximum
Commitments and Contingencies
Contingently liable amount | $	$ 11.3	$ 12.2

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Share Based Compensation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 27, 2022	Dec. 28, 2021	Dec. 29, 2020
Share-based Compensation
Share-based compensation expense	$ 36,663	$ 38,139	$ 29,431
Labor expense
Share-based Compensation
Share-based compensation expense	10,656	10,323	10,081
General and administrative expense
Share-based Compensation
Share-based compensation expense	$ 26,007	$ 27,816	$ 19,350

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Share-based Compensation, Restricted Stock and PSU (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
	Jan. 08, 2023	Dec. 27, 2022	Dec. 28, 2021	Dec. 29, 2020
RSUs
Share-based Compensation
Number of common shares that a holder would receive upon satisfaction of the vesting requirement (in shares)		1
Shares
Outstanding at the beginning of the period (in shares)		558,183
Granted (in shares)		395,859
Forfeited (in shares)		(45,207)
Vested (in shares)		(413,996)
Outstanding at the end of period (in shares)		494,839	558,183
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at the beginning of the period (in dollars per share)		$ 82.52
Granted (in dollars per share)		88.40
Forfeited (in dollars per share)		84.26
Vested (in dollars per share)		85.37
Outstanding at the end of the period (in dollars per share)		$ 84.55	$ 82.52
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term		10 months 24 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at the end of the period (in dollars)		$ 47,663
Unrecognized compensation cost
Unrecognized compensation cost of unvested stock awards (in dollars)		$ 18,500
Expected weighted-average period of recognition of unrecognized compensation cost of unvested awards		10 months 24 days
Share-based Compensation, other disclosures
Intrinsic value of awards vested (in dollars)		$ 37,100	$ 54,700	$ 30,500
Excess tax benefit recognized within the income tax provision		$ 400	$ 4,300	400
RSUs | Minimum
Share-based Compensation, other disclosures
Vesting period		1 year
RSUs | Maximum
Share-based Compensation, other disclosures
Vesting period		5 years
PSUs
Share-based Compensation
Number of common shares that a holder would receive upon meeting a performance obligation and vesting requirement (in shares)		1
Shares
Outstanding at the beginning of the period (in shares)		31,952
Granted (in shares)		29,600
Incremental Performance Shares (in shares)		28,074
Vested (in shares)	(31,379)	(60,026)
Outstanding at the end of period (in shares)		29,600	31,952
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at the beginning of the period (in dollars per share)		$ 86.22
Granted (in dollars per share)		86.41
Incremental Performance Shares (in dollars per share)		84.96
Vested (in dollars per share)		86.22
Outstanding at the end of the period (in dollars per share)		$ 87.52	$ 86.22
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term		1 month 6 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at the end of the period (in dollars)		$ 2,851
Unrecognized compensation cost
Expected weighted-average period of recognition of unrecognized compensation cost of unvested awards		1 month 6 days
Share-based Compensation, other disclosures
Vesting period		1 year
Intrinsic value of awards vested (in dollars)		$ 5,400	$ 400	5,400
Excess tax benefit recognized within the income tax provision		$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

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Share Based Compensation - PSU (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
	Jan. 08, 2023	Dec. 27, 2022	Dec. 28, 2021	Dec. 29, 2020
Share-based Compensation
Expense compensation		$ 36,663	$ 38,139	$ 29,431
RSUs
Share-based Compensation
Intrinsic value of awards vested (in dollars)		$ 37,100	54,700	30,500
Vested (in shares)		(413,996)
Granted (in shares)		395,859
Unrecognized compensation cost of unvested stock awards (in dollars)		$ 18,500
Unrecognized Compensation Cost Recognized Weighted Average Period		10 months 24 days
RSUs | Minimum
Share-based Compensation
Vesting period		1 year
RSUs | Maximum
Share-based Compensation
Vesting period		5 years
PSUs
Share-based Compensation
Vesting period		1 year
Intrinsic value of awards vested (in dollars)		$ 5,400	$ 400	$ 5,400
Vested (in shares)	(31,379)	(60,026)
Granted (in shares)		29,600
Incremental Performance Shares (in shares)		28,074
Unrecognized Compensation Cost Recognized Weighted Average Period		1 month 6 days

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Employee Benefit Plans (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 27, 2022 USD ($)
Labor Cost
Contribution expense	$ 5.4
General and administrative expense
Contribution expense	$ 1.6

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Fair Value Measurements - Financial Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 27, 2022	Dec. 28, 2021
Fair value of financial instruments
Transfer of asset levels within the fair value hierarchy	$ 0
Land and Building Relocated [Member] | Carrying Amount
Fair value of financial instruments
Long-lived assets held for sale	1,200
Fair value measured on a recurring basis | Level 1
Fair value of financial instruments
Deferred compensation plan - assets	61,835	$ 67,512
Deferred compensation plan - liabilities	$ (61,668)	(67,431)
Fair value measured on a nonrecurring basis | Level 3
Fair value of financial instruments
Long-lived assets held for sale		$ 1,175

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Fair Value Measurements - Assets (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 27, 2022 USD ($) restaurant	Dec. 28, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 29, 2020 USD ($)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Impairment, Long-Lived Asset, Held-for-Use, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Restructuring, Settlement and Impairment Provisions
Impairment	$ 0	$ 0	$ (1,100,000)
Equity income (loss) from investments in unconsolidated affiliates	$ 1,239,000	(637,000)	$ (500,000)
Property Plant and Equipment
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Number of restaurants | restaurant	1
Operating Lease Right-of-Use Assets
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Number of restaurants | restaurant	2
Level 2 | Fair value measured on a nonrecurring basis
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Long-lived assets held for use, total gain (loss)	$ (1,000,000.0)
Level 3 | Fair value measured on a nonrecurring basis
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Long-lived assets held for sale		1,175,000
Long-lived assets held for use	2,000,000
Long-lived assets held for use, total gain (loss)	997,000
Long-lived assets held for sale, total gain (loss)		(470,000)
Long-lived assets held for sale. total gain (loss)	690,000
Operating lease right-of-use assets, total gain (loss)	(708,000)
Assets reduced to fair value	$ 0
Level 3 | Fair value measured on a nonrecurring basis | China Joint Venture
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Equity income (loss) from investments in unconsolidated affiliates		$ (1,531,000)
Ownership percentage	40.00%	40.00%
Level 3 | Fair value measured on a nonrecurring basis | China Joint Venture
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Equity income (loss) from investments in unconsolidated affiliates		$ (1,500,000)

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Impairment and Closure Costs (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 27, 2022 USD ($) restaurant	Dec. 28, 2021 USD ($) restaurant	Dec. 29, 2020 USD ($) restaurant
Impairment and Closure Costs
Impairment and closure, net	$ 1,600,000	$ 734,000	$ 2,263,000
Impairment of goodwill	0	0	1,100,000
Ongoing closure costs	600,000
Gain on sale of land and building	$ 700,000
Impairment And Closures, Four Restaurants [Member]
Impairment and Closure Costs
Asset Impairment Charges			$ 1,200,000
Number of Restaurants | restaurant			4
Impairment And Closures, Three Restaurants [Member]
Impairment and Closure Costs
Number of Restaurants | restaurant	3
Impairment And Closures, Two Restaurants [Member]
Impairment and Closure Costs
Asset Impairment Charges	$ 1,700,000	$ 700,000
Impairment of goodwill			$ 1,100,000
Number of Restaurants | restaurant		2	2
Number of restaurants relocated | restaurant	2

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Related Party Transactions (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 27, 2022 USD ($) restaurant	Dec. 28, 2021 USD ($) restaurant	Dec. 29, 2020 USD ($) restaurant
Franchise
Related Party Transactions
Number of restaurants	100	101
Officers, directors and shareholders
Related Party Transactions
Number of restaurants	4	4	4
Officers, directors and shareholders | Majority-owned
Related Party Transactions
Number of restaurants	1	1	1
Officers, directors and shareholders | Franchise
Related Party Transactions
Fees received from franchise and license restaurants | $	$ 1.8	$ 1.7	$ 0.9

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Segment Information - Segment Assets Reconciliation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 27, 2022	Dec. 28, 2021	Dec. 29, 2020
Segment Information
Revenue	$ 4,014,919	$ 3,463,946	$ 2,398,123
Restaurant operating costs (excluding depreciation and amortization)	3,361,290	2,857,444	2,114,537
Restaurant margin	627,501	581,732	265,640
Depreciation and amortization	137,237	126,761	117,877
Segment assets	2,525,665	2,511,952
Capital expenditures	246,121	200,692	154,401
Restaurant and other sales
Segment Information
Revenue	3,988,791	3,439,176	2,380,177
Texas Roadhouse
Segment Information
Restaurant operating costs (excluding depreciation and amortization)	3,162,687	2,701,850	2,011,517
Restaurant margin	600,197	552,039	256,298
Depreciation and amortization	112,546	105,079	98,485
Segment assets	2,015,173	1,874,620
Capital expenditures	204,662	167,746	127,162
Texas Roadhouse | Restaurant and other sales
Segment Information
Revenue	3,762,884	3,253,889	2,267,815
Bubba's 33
Segment Information
Restaurant operating costs (excluding depreciation and amortization)	184,756	145,493	98,565
Restaurant margin	26,934	28,862	8,416
Depreciation and amortization	13,012	12,700	12,036
Segment assets	201,503	179,856
Capital expenditures	30,625	23,408	13,833
Bubba's 33 | Restaurant and other sales
Segment Information
Revenue	211,690	174,355	106,981
Other
Segment Information
Restaurant operating costs (excluding depreciation and amortization)	13,847	10,101	4,455
Restaurant margin	370	831	926
Depreciation and amortization	11,679	8,982	7,356
Segment assets	308,989	457,476
Capital expenditures	10,834	9,538	13,406
Other | Restaurant and other sales
Segment Information
Revenue	$ 14,217	$ 10,932	$ 5,381

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Segment Information - Consolidated (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 27, 2022	Dec. 28, 2021	Dec. 29, 2020
Segment Information
Restaurant margin	$ 627,501	$ 581,732	$ 265,640
Revenue:
Revenue	4,014,919	3,463,946	2,398,123
Costs and expenses:
Pre-opening	21,883	24,335	20,099
Depreciation and amortization	137,237	126,761	117,877
Impairment and closure, net	1,600	734	2,263
General and administrative	172,712	157,480	119,503
Income from operations	320,197	297,192	23,844
Franchise royalties and fees
Revenue:
Revenue	$ 26,128	$ 24,770	$ 17,946

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Subsequent Event (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 28, 2022 USD ($) restaurant	Dec. 29, 2021 USD ($) restaurant
Seven franchise restaurants
Subsequent Events
Number of restaurants acquired | restaurant		7
Purchase price paid | $		$ 26.4
Subsequent Events. | Eight franchise restaurants
Subsequent Events
Number of restaurants acquired | restaurant	8
Purchase price paid | $	$ 39.0